ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Non-profit organizations are among the most prominent social unit worldwide. They are the social institutions of the modern era with high moral and intellectual value, possibly the only outstanding and helpful social institute. They also carry burdens in the areas of health care, child care, protection of privacy, and education of all individual in diverse nations (Anthony & David, 1994). They carry out their financial stewardship obligation through the inclusion of all people irrespective of age, race, and disability. Cash Flow Angel of Hope as a non-profit organization controls vast resources across national borders, and affects every human life. However, the financial stewardship obligation of Angel of Hope’s leadership team is a primary consideration for all non-profit institutions. Some managers have said that, after work, money is the most time consuming aspect of organizational life. The approach to money matters at Angel of Hope is straightforward and understanding. This approach is through managing the organization’s cash flow, learning how to connect the societal gaps or deal with excesses successfully, and working to make all the resources in the organization’s world flow more efficiently. This approach is a one-line prescription for administrators, board members, donors, consultants, and others with an interest in the financial health and welfare of Angel of Hope. The organization receives taxable gifts and grants to be used for social amenities for which the organization’s vision, mission and objectives were instituted. However, because it has no interest, it never carries out its financial obligations as investors and often pays little, or nothing, in federal taxes (either state or local) internationally. Therefore, the financial cycle of Angel of Hope is only about cash flow (financial gain and disbursements). It is these characteristics that make the institution’s perception of cash flow to an extent relevant to accepting they way it works. The degree for strategic thinking for leaders in the organization can be set by budgeting, prediction in advance and monitoring of the Cash flow, mainly in the areas of their responsibilities both in the regulatory and the public insight point of view. Understanding how the organization performs at the moment, and its expected operation in the subsequent years, are deeply fixed in the perceptive of the cash flow. A continuous record when grants are received and leave the organization’s treasuries is essential to guarantee health and strength of the organization. As part of the obligation of the leadership team of Angel of Hope, it is possible to communicate unmistakably with donors and organizations that will present gifts and funds they require. Currently, the organizations methods for budgeting that will enthusias
The company applies regiocentric kind of management orientation where certain elements of other management orientations are incorporated. From the case to be analyzed, it is evident that most of the head office positions are managed by employees from the parent country, which in this case is the United States. However, Ben & Jerry’s top management grants host countries autonomy over subsidiary and regional decision making in marketing strategies. Ben & Jerry’s allows contributions from the locals and the members of the headquarters concerning business strategies which basically suit destined environment (Keegan and Green, 2002). In this case, geocentric management orientation is also applicable based on similarities in the markets. This is since marketing opportunities in both cases are handled through extension of business principles and adaptation strategies applicable within global markets. Environmental factors most important to the decision whether or not to expand into Japan Ben & Jerry’s Company should consider issues on Political environment. This is since such developed nations as Japanese can at times be bogged down by immense levels of bureaucracy making it difficult to establish business as a foreign multinational company. At the same time, foreign governments are known for their involvement in the affairs of their host nations. Social aspect is an important consideration since parent country has a totally different culture from that of a target country, which in this case is Japan. The country is considered to comprise high context culture since Ben & Jerry’s targets customers within new environment. Consumers in Japan apparently have no existing relationship with management of the company, hence there is a need to establish better relationship based on informal communication. Knowledge concerning Ben & Jerry’s products within the new territory largely depends on relationships built. Therefore, entering into such a business venture would require to display of high context characteristics (Keegan and Green, 2002). At the same time, Ben & Jerry’s needs to establish relationships with different customers and other stakeholders within Japanese market and, if possible, personalize their interactions. Additionally, US-based businessmen are recognized for their astute abilities in forging networks within international market which is an attribute of high context cultures. However, in a low context culture, information concerning new business venture is easily disseminated to recipients without any major communication barriers, making it easier for multinational companies. Venturing into Japanese market would require Ben & Jerry’s Company to learn several policies and procedures, for instance, dietary laws and language expressions. Such level of subconscious information at times makes difficult environment to foreign ventures (Keegan and Green, 2002). Japanese market and Ben & Jerry’s social
Comparing the green spaces from aspects of type, availability, usage and functionality as ecosystems in metropolitan environments in varies Part of Sydney Introduction Environmental awareness has become part and parcel of our daily activities. This is mainly attributed to the rising levels of environmental degradation and the presence of various environmental organizations that attempt to deal with these issues. The most affected part of the environment is the green areas. Thus, areas under forest cover have continued to decrease in size in the past few years. This is quite common even in Australia whereby the presence of industries and an increase in settlements are the biggest causes. The effects of environmental pollution have led to substantial environmental degradation. Subsequently, environmental degradation has caused severe health effects to human beings, plants and animals. Various ecosystems have also been destabilized. This paper reviews how Mascot, a suburb in Sydney, has been affected by human activities in terms of its vegetation cover. It also reviews a comparison of the green spaces from aspects of type, availability, usage and functionality as ecosystems in metropolitan environments in various parts of Sydney Methodology The research was mainly based on field work and web based research. The main search engine used was Google. A field trip to L’estrange Park was conducted in order to get the real picture of how the park looks like. The results were compared with results from surveys of other suburbs within the area. Results and Discussion The total land area that is covered by suburbs in Sydney is 51.412 Km 2 . Green space in Sydney’s suburbs covers 17.79% of the total area. Parks and reserves cover 9.29% while national parks, nature reserves and sanctuaries cover 2.81%. Sporting fields and others cover 4.41% and 1.28% respectively. The total area of Mascot is 3.53 Km 2 . Green space covers 1.13% of this land while Parks and reserve cover 7.08%. There are no national parks and nature reserves in Mascot. Sporting field covers 5.38%. Cleared land, undeveloped land and farmland cover 5.67% of Mascot. It is quite evident that the largest part of green spaces in Mascot falls under parks/reserves. Compared with other suburbs, Mascot is quite disorganized in terms of green areas because most of the green areas are occupied by sporting fields and others which have been isolated. A visit to L’estrange Park shows various activities that occur there within a day. On that day, there were a total of 9 visitors to the park. The human activities present include jogging, cycling, feeding birds, dog walking and relaxation. There are a number of amenities such as a playground, basketball court, seating areas, and public toilets. In addition, the field trip involved gathering data on the flora and fauna present in the area. Thus, the fauna observed include 4 butterflies and 2 bees. There were 10 pigeons, 14 crows, 2 Ib
Introduction This paper explores trends in the gross domestic product (GDP) and income per capita in Ecuador, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Kenya, and South Africa with the goal of examining the relationship between fertility and literacy rates. The analysis is for the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016. A key section of the review involves a review of the theoretical foundation underpinning the relationship between literacy and fertility rates plus a review of existing works of literature that have explored the link between the two variables. The last part of the analysis is the conclusion section which summarizes the main findings of the study. An investigation of GDP per capita for the above-mentioned countries appears below. Evolution of GDP Per Capita The GDP per capita for Ecuador, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Kenya, and South Africa improved in 1990,1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2016 respectively (World Bank). However, some countries have performed better than others have. For example, India’s GDP increased by more than 100% between 1990 and 2016, while Ecuador’s almost tripled in the same period. Vietnam has also shown a strong improvement in GDP because it has increased by almost four times from 1990 to 2016 (World Bank). The two additional countries analyzed in this review are Kenya and South Africa. Their GDPs per capita have also improved within the period of analysis because in 1990 Kenya had a GDP per capita of $930.0530264 and in 2016 it had $1143.065373. In 1990, South Africa had a GDP per capita of $5934.224116 and in 2016 it was $7488.990244 (World Bank). Although the two African countries showed a relatively dismal growth in GDP (relative to the Asian countries), they still registered an increase in the measure. Collectively, all the countries analyzed reported a significant increase in GDP. Trends Observed in Income Per Capita Vietnam According to the data provided in the World Bank report, statistics relating to Vietnam’s income per capita in the 1980s seem to be missing. However, in 1990, it was reported to be $2.7. In 1995, it also doubled to $4.32, representing significant gains in the country’s income per capita earnings (World Bank). In 2000, a similar increase was witnessed because the income per capita was $6.5. The same narrative replicated in 2005 because the number was $8.3. In 2010, there was a sharp drop in income per capita because it declined to $1.12. The same low figure was reported in 2016 at $1.57 (World Bank). The above findings show an interesting trend in the income per capita growth of Vietnam because, throughout the 1990s, this measure increased significantly and by up to a factor of two for every five years. However, in 2010 and 2016, this number drastically reduced by close to a factor of seven (World Bank). The causes of this decline need to be investigated further. India The income per capita in India in 1980 was $1.76. There was a marginal increase in this indicator in 1985 because it increased to $1.89 (World Bank). In 1990, there was a fur
Readability is an important characteristic of one’s writing signifying how easy or difficult it is for others to understand the written document. The higher the readability score, the easier it is to percept the ideas reflected in the text. In case the readability score is too low, the reader will have to focus not on the essence of writing but on discerning sentence structure and complicated words. Thus, the measure in question involves one’s way of presenting a written text in a way that would be clear for others to interpret. For the present assignment, a brochure “Pandemic flu” (n.d.) was selected. The brochure offers information on the origin of the disease, its symptoms, at-risk populations, and treatment approaches. Upon performing the document’s grammar and spelling check, it became possible to receive its readability statistics (Figure 1). The statistics represent the number of words and characters, paragraphs, and sentences in the document. Also, the average numbers of sentences per paragraph, words per sentence, and characters per word are given. The third block of the box deals directly with readability. Namely, the percentage of passive sentences is shown, the Flesch Reading Ease test result is indicated, and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level is mentioned. The strengths of the document include a very good Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level indicator and a moderately good Flesch Reading Ease test indicator. Figure 1. Readability statistics of the original brochure “Pandemic flu” (n.d.). The maximum that a document can receive by Flesch Reading Ease test is 100 points. The higher this score, the better the understanding of a document by the reader is (“Test your,” n.d.). It is commonly recommended to have this test’s score between 60 and 70 (“Test your,” n.d.). Therefore, the brochure’s score is a bit too low, which may result in readers’ poor understanding of the text given in it. Flesch Reading Ease test has the following formula: 206.835 – (1.015 x ASL) – (84.6 x ASW) (“Test your,” n.d.). In this formula, ASL means the average length of sentences (“Test your,” n.d.). ASW means the average number of syllables per word (“Test your,” n.d.). The possible reason why the ASL indicator is too high is that the brochure contains some lengthy sentences. Thus, it is necessary to rewrite the document so that the ASL would become lower. The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level test indicates the ability of schoolchildren to understand the written piece. A score of 8.0 would mean that a student of the eighth grade could understand the brochure. The formula for this score is (.39 x ASL) + (11.8 x ASW) – 15.59 (“Test your,” n.d.). The brochure’s score in the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level test is 8.3. This result indicates that the document will most likely present no difficulties for the readers of school age. Upon performing some changes
Dali Lama’s assertions compare to the principles of wellness that describe the interplay of various factors that promote a sense of well-being. To achieve wellness, one must embark on a process that entails making proper decisions that promote a healthy lifestyle. The failure to embrace an appropriate lifestyle will lead to a poor state of wellness. Dali describes heaven as a state of pleasantness and happiness that individuals with good deeds gain. He asserts that this state is not permanent, and one must embrace the aspect of compassion and good deeds if he or she wants to remain in heaven. The people in heaven do not have to input considerably efforts towards the attainment of a different state, as heaven is the ultimate state for all individuals. On the other hand, Dali describes hell as a state of unhappiness that results when people do negative deeds and cause harm to others. Like heaven, hell is not eternal and individuals can redeem themselves from such a state by embracing compassion. The people in hell have to input energy to advance to a better state. This view relates to the principle of wellness that promotes prevention rather than treatment. Treatment is a costly process that requires a lot of input in terms of time and money. In some cases, effects associated with a poor state of wellness may be irreversible. However, prevention through the adherence to a healthy lifestyle helps to minimize such risks while employing minimal inputs. The pleasantness and happiness in heaven compare to the principle to wellness that attaches pleasure to the contentment of the body, mind and spirit. Like heaven or hell, the state of wellness or un-wellness is not permanent. This assertion compares to the principle of wellness that promotes an outcome-oriented approach. This principle discourages individuals from focusing on their problems rather than identifying measures and inputting effort to solve them. An individual in a poor state of wellness can adopt the relevant approach to achieve wellness. On the other hand, an individual enjoying the state of wellness can deteriorate into the un-wellness state if they stop to observe the guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. Dali describes the attainment of a state of heaven or hell as an aspect that largely depends on the input of an individual. Although a spiritual leader may provide guidance concerning the process of reaching heaven, he cannot play various roles on one’s behalf. This aspect compares to the principle of wellness that describes an individual’s body, mind and spirit as the true healer. In this regard, professional help can only facilitate the process of healing. Another principle of wellness in this consideration is the fact that wellness requires active participation. It is only possible to attain a good health through individual efforts, but not by depending on other people. The role of other people is limited, to a certain extent. Dali
Starbucks Company was established in 1971. It was a result of a partnership of three people namely, Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker, and Zev Siengel. The three partners derived their inspiration from Alfred Peet who inspired them to open their first coffee store in the Pike Place Market aimed at selling high-quality beans of coffee and equipment. The first store was located at 2000 Western Avenue in 1971-1976. It was then moved to the 1912 pike place and it is still operational to date. In the initial years of operation, the company bought green coffee from a single middleman Peet after which they started buying directly from the growers. The company opened its branches outside Seattle in Vancouver, Canada, British Colombia, Illinois, the United States, and Chicago in 1987. Canada is currently the largest market of Starbucks than anywhere else in the world. Outside of the United States, the first location was established in Tokyo in 1996. ( www. starbucks .co.uk ) Howard Schultz joined the company in 1982 and took over as its president. He offered his advice to the company to sell espresso and coffee drinks along with the beans. His advice was turned down because owners thought that getting involved in the beverage business would be a stumbling block to the company’s primary goal. Schultz was certain that more money would be generated in selling drinks and in 1985 he went ahead and started the IL Giornale coffee chain. In his position as the president of Starbucks Howard necessitated the expansion of the company beyond North America to areas such as London and made the company an internationally recognized brand. He speeded up the purchase of Torrefazione Italia and Seattle’s best coffee from the AFC Enterprises which brought the total number of acquisitions to 6,400. Due to his management capability, the company overcame every operational odd and remained top of its key competitors such as Diedrich Coffee Company. Unable to withstand the wave of competition Diedrich coffee company sold most of its retail stores to Starbucks. Howard ensured that the growth of the company did not dilute the culture of the company and remained focused on the company’s goals and objectives. (Kiviat, 2006) Howard Schultz resumed his roles in January 2008 as the president and the chief executive officer of the company after eight years of retirement. His main future plan and challenges are to restore the distinctive Starbucks experience in the midst of harsh and rapid competition. His first program was the abolishment of warm breakfast products in order to refocus the brand on all coffee things. He also announced the replacement of Verismo 801 by Mastrena which is manufactured by the Thermo plan AG. Another of his many future plans is to introduce a customer reward program by entering into the energy market. He also plans to stop the selling of the pre-ground beans in order to bring aroma, theater, and romance to the American stores by carrying out additional
Introduction The world has been affected immensely by how people have reacted to the Internet. Indeed, businesses have been established purely from the digital space with others shifting their core functions online. It is important to note that the need for such changes has been necessitated by the desire of consumers to get even better services and experiences. Today, the consumer journey is ranked higher than even product quality. On the same note, the more convenient the process of getting a product to the client is, the better it will do in the market. Many marketers believe that the paradigm shift changed in the industry in the 21 st century due to the Internet (Yeshin, 2016). The rise of social media platforms further enhanced the concept of advertising and target marketing (Piskorski, 2014). Data has become an important currency in the digital economy as it allows for customisation of user experiences. The essay will use analytic tools to do an environmental scan of the international company, Uber, in a host country, South Africa. The purpose of the scan is to identify some of the challenges that the company is facing and come up with suggestions for overcoming the same. Therefore, the question is what the company can do to improve their brand position and image in the identified market. Ideally, the work encompasses a complete look at the external forces that can shape the way a company performs in a market. The work will use the term “rider” to refer to the consumer or client. Additionally, the term “driver” will also be used interchangeably to refer to “supplier” and at times “consumer”. The differences will be clearly stated to avoid confusion. The paper will be divided into an introduction section, followed by a literature review, case analysis, suggestions and conclusion sections. A list of references that have been used will be provided at the end of the discussion. Literature Review The digital economy has grown in ways many could not have predicted. Indeed, more companies are shifting their focus onto the digital platforms as opposed to their traditional brick and mortar stores. This section of the paper will look into the digital economy as a whole applying some of the concepts learnt on the same. A case analysis which will further use the analytic tools specifically to the selected company will be done after this section. Strategic Alliance Tool The strategic alliance tool as the name suggests looks at how different parties come together and work out a partnership for the benefit of all the involved. Frynas and Mellahi (2015) note that the tool is useful in a couple of ways. First, it allows the user to gain a new client base that can be either in the same market or in a different market altogether (Smith and Hanover, 2016). It is important to note strategic alliances can be between parties within the same locality or even in different countries. Ideally, one reason why a company can seek such a partnership in an attempt to increase its client base is the issue of market penetration. Fraser (2019) notes that there are markets that are nearly impossibl