ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What are the aim and objectives of your study? The primary aim of the proposed study is to critically analyze how service quality affects customer loyalty and customer repeat intentions in hotel settings in China. The proposed study attempts to cover the following set of objectives:  1. To critically analyze the effects of service quality on behavioral orientations and     perceptions leading up to loyalty development;  2. To critically evaluate how hotel service quality in China influences customer repeat     Intentions;  3. To explicate service quality factors that are more likely to result in the internalization of     loyalty and repeat intentions among customers, and;  4. To formulate conclusions and recommendations on how the hotel industry in China can     take advantage of service quality characteristics to spur customer loyalty and repeat     intentions. A brief review of relevant literature and rationale for study: list references of approximately 6 publications that you view to be key publications focusing on your research topic. On this list, include a minimum of 4 key methodology references. This list should be alphabetized and stapled to the back of the proposal form. Most of the organizations in the hotel and hospitality industry are operating today in an environment of swift and wide-ranging change, where competitiveness and indeed survival depends sorely on making the right choice (Nightingale 2005). Equally thrilling is the rapid growth of the service sector, which now accounts for approximately two-thirds of GDP in developed economies and is contributing on a greater level than ever before in the developing world (Narayan et al 2009). Ext
For as long as there have been two different genders, there was a difference in communication styles between men and women. It was evident before and later, when women began fighting for equality rights and fair treatment. Verbal and non-verbal differences in communication lead to prejudice and partially, it comes from the fact that men and women are different not only biologically but mentally as well. Charles Greenwood mentioned that even looking at The Early Communication Indicator (ECI), children of very young age have particular communication styles, ranging from gestures to vocalizations and utterances (Greenwood et al., 2013). As a result, the unique nature of each particular style of communication comes from biological and social or environmental factors. Women would communicate both verbally and non-verbally in a way, which the modern society describes, as feminine. This is due to the influences of male preferences and social roles. Since birth, both boys and girls are conditioned to behave in a certain way, which is representative of their role in society and family. Girls are taught to be more sensitive and rely on their feelings while boys are given lessons in masculinity. The society expects a certain “style” from each gender and thus, the separation in professional and leisure-time communication has been created (Ashford & LeCroy, 2010). Communication styles can be qualified as instrumental and expressive since each one is specific to males and females. Men are more focused on finding out the neutral and clear cut facts about something, which leads them to being more direct and assertive. There is a much greater reliance on logic and the “instrumental” nature of things. As such, males are interested in how something can be used practically and in an application to the physical factors. One piece of knowledge or information usually, leads to another, thus creating a “thinking chain”. Women use a much different technique in communicating, as it stems from better insight into the matter of things. Because women were segregated for such a long time and prevented from taking up higher and more prominent positions, they have developed a unique method of communicating in reaching their goal. Women tend to center on the person, deeper insight into the context and personality of the spe
The article under study is written by Janko Roettgers and published in 2018. It is reported that Spotify, a famous European music streaming service available worldwide, offers a new subscription option for students (Roettgers). Students of US colleges and universities (title IV accreditation) will have access to Showtime’s products and Hulu’s services for less than $5, which makes $29 per month (Roettgers). Users will be able to sign up with Spotify as the company wants to avoid collaborating with Google Play and iTunes. This information is valuable for potential and existing subscribers who are currently enrolled in US educational establishments of a certain kind. However, this piece of news is also essential for many people involved or interested in the media business. First, it is important to know that such services as Spotify, Showtime, and Hulu merge and collaborate, which contributes to their markets’ growth. This collaboration can be regarded as an example for many businesses operating in the industry. At the same time, this news is also associated with corporate social responsibility issues. The company provides certain perks for students, which can be regarded as a stimulus for American people to continue studying after their graduation from school. Of course, the subscription cannot make an individual enter a college, but this is another benefit students have as they can access more information, which is a significant competitive advantage. The company introduces new trends in media business attracting particular groups of people. Clearly, various offers exist, and they are crafted for different customers. To sum up, it is possible to note that the information about new subscription options introduced by Spotify draws many people’s attention. Students and other potential and new customers can sign up for a better value. Media business researchers and practitioners can consider the ways mergers are carried out in the industry, customers are attracted, or a media company’s corporate social responsibility can be manifested. Work Cited Roettgers, Janko. “Spotify Adds Free Showtime Subscription to $4.99 Student Tier.” Variety . 2018, Web.
Introduction The armed conflict in Syria is the largest humanitarian crisis facing the world at the moment. Thousands of innocent Syrians have been killed, and there are still no clear plans from the international community on how to end this crisis (Russell, 2012). However, the disagreement between major powers should be blamed on this failure. For instance, China and the US have differed on almost every proposal aimed at bringing an end to the atrocities in Syria. The foreign policies of the two countries are very different. China strictly adheres to the principle of non-intervention while the US believes that foreign intervention is necessary when a country is faced with a major humanitarian crisis. For that reason, unless one of the two countries changes its stand on Syria, a quick solution to the crisis will not be found. This essay compares the United States’ and China’s foreign policies on Syria. An Overview of the Crisis in Syria Syria is currently in the midst of armed conflict. This conflict is primarily between rebel fighters opposed to President Bashar al Asad rule and forces loyal to him. According to Sharp and Blanchard (2012), various sources claim that around 25,000 Syrians have been killed since the crisis started. Most members of the internal community believe that the Syrian president will be forced out of power. However, no specific plans or credible timetables on how this will be done are on offer. Syria’s crisis is, therefore, typified by uncertainty and misunderstandings (Russell, 2012). While the international community is debating on the best ways of intervening in Syria, the conflict is growing. This is a serious threat to the region’s stability. There is a high probability that this conflict may spill over to neighboring countries. In addition, the unrest may create new breeding grounds for Al-Qaeda and other extremist organization. The situation in Syria has a close resemblance to what happened in the Kashmir region. Kashmir harbored key terrorist groups as the unrests provided excellent training sites for them (Hilali, 2004). Consequently, this conflict diverted attention from the war against terror. Major Differences Between the US’ and China’s Foreign Policies The United Nations (UN) General Assembly resolution 2131 (XX) declared that all countries should conduct their affairs independently (McWhinney, n.d.). Additionally, the principle of non-intervention prohibits any state from meddling in the internal affairs of another independent state (Adjei, 2005) Although the UN Charter prohibits the use of force or any military intervention in the internal affairs of a country, it permits the use of substantial force in extreme situations (Kinacioglu, n.d.). For that reason, the principles of the right to protect (R2P) and unilateral humanitarian intervention are preferred over the principle of non-intervention in most interventions. According to Peters (2009), sovereignty is derived from pe
There is little doubt that an effective approach to management depends on numerous components, of which behaviour is paramount since the human factor has a direct impact on the process of interaction. In this context, one should not only monitor strategies and solutions to improve one’s knowledge and skills but should also take into account other persons and the peculiarities of their personalities that influence professional communication (Okoye 2015). At the beginning of any interaction, it is critical to recognise a person’s personality type and organise one’s actions correspondingly in order to reap the desired benefits regardless of individual character traits. In addition, it is equally essential to have control over all conversations, including the difficult ones, and to provide appropriate feedback. In this way, behaviour and its management becomes a complex and multidimensional factor. In this paper, a reflection on the key topics of the unit is given along with my personal reactions to and perceptions of the information. For me, working with different personalities in various aspects, having difficult conversations, and structuring the most effective feedback turned out to be issues of great interest. The report describes the most frequent challenges in each of these three areas. Moreover, definitions, theoretical frameworks and their assessments, and recommendations are given. The results of the personality tests I have taken are interpreted and explained through the lens of management, work opportunities, and communication. Finally, a conclusion concerning the role of behaviour in management is given. Working with Different Personalities The large body of recent literature on personality and management issues points to the fact that both researchers and managers regard these two factors to be integral parts of the formula for success (Bakker, Tims, & Derks 2012). As a rule, the following issues are emphasised by researchers: the definition of personality, its characteristics, and various approaches pertaining to personality tests. The Definition of Personality As the principal element in the context of cooperation with diverse persons, personality has been studied for a long time. In the broad sense of the term, personality may be defined as a set of steady and distinctive properties that help distinguish an individual from other people (Wilson 2013). In fact, personality is comprised of a wide range of values, attitudes, memories, social relationships, habits, knowledge, and skills that a person has (Hislop 2013). It is possible to examine personality in relation to all realms of life, including work performance. What usually demonstrates researchers’ involvement in personality studies is their focus on behaviour. Such a focus may be explained by the fact that behaviour is the only available indicator of personality, an idea that seems incredibly valuable. As far as I have observed, stability as the primary characteris
In the current times, people have realized that foreign aid has not been working to the expected level. As a result, international aid conferences have been concentrating on different ways through which aid can be effective in attaining its objectives. Third world countries have received trillions of dollars to spur economic growth, and yet it has not shown any substantial reform as a whole (Werlin 2009, 483). As a result, many have started questioning if aid is really helping poor countries in coming out of poverty or not. This research paper investigates the reasons as to why Foreign Aid doesn’t work. Economic development problems The first issue that is making foreign aid to fail is the big push problem. For economic development to occur, countries have to move from agrarian economies to these dominated by manufacturing. For this economic development to occur, both human and physical capital has to be attracted to economic development process. In addition, it has to ensure that subsistence farming and small scale businesses have moved to more productive activities. There is no way a country can move from poverty without increasing its agricultural production, unless such a country has never depended on it before. As a result, foreign aid is not working because its major aim is not to increase agricultural production and manufacturing. In general, foreign aid is not targeting at transformation of agriculture an increase in manufacturing share. Instead, it targets things like city development, housing, health services and education for developing countries. In real sense, these are the facilities used in upgrading peoples’ standards of living. However, in case people can have their own income sources, then they can afford paying for these services and products. It has been argued that, in case people can afford them, then “government could provide them itself, instead of relying on aid to subsidize the provision in a
Introduction An intersubjective view is a perspective in which different parties agree about a certain issue. Narcissism has elicited a lot of interest and research from the psychodynamic school of thought. However, there is surprising agreement about the manifestations, origins, development and treatment of narcissism. One demonstrates intersubjective views on a subject by showing how multiple scholars from different schools of thought agree on various aspects of the subject. This report will highlight the intersubjective view of narcissism by comparing object relations theorists to Freudian or ego theorists, self psychology theorists Jungian theorists as well as personality psychologists. Intersubjective view on the definition and manifestation of narcissism Psychologists have a general agreement that a person with narcissistic personality disorder is one who exhibits narcissistic behaviour owing to deep-seated feelings of low self esteem (Millon & Davis, 1996). They often use arrogance as a cover for their shortfalls. The DSM IV criteria of the condition are indicative of intersubjective agreement. While Millon, a personality theorist, recognised that these behaviours do not come from a place of real confidence and self belief, Forman, a psychodynamic theorist, acknowledges that these individuals often feel empty and unfulfilled (Forman, 1976). Reich, an ego psychology adherent, also concurs with the above, by stating that narcissistic people have an unrealistic view of themselves, yet they cannot measure up to that view (Reich, 1986). This causes them to persistently aspire for high status. Masterson, an objects relations theorist, explains that narcissists are self involved and characterised by depictions of grandiosity (Masterson, 1981). Forman (1976) states that most of these patients strive for perfection, even though they have minimal chances of achieving it. Most scholars also have an intersubjective view of the narcissist’s relationship with others. Reich (1986) explains that these individuals do not have a healthy association with others. They instead depend on them to get approval. Forman (1976) adds that they often look to others to gain esteem and respect. Millon & Davis (1996) affirm that narcissists often degrade the achievement of others in order to make themselves feel better. Masterson (1981) claims that it is not unusual to witness feelings of intense envy among them because of the emptiness they feel. Reich (1986) adds that their inadequacies cause them to seek attention from others. When in the presence of others, they will boast and exaggerate their achievements. They often look out for other people’s reactions to them, and are too sensitive to disapproval. In fact, other people’s judgement about them often
Introduction The book by Tzvetan Todorov is a piece of classic literature that is in actuality a study of Old America when it was a New World to the explorers of the time. The author discusses the history of the region and the roles that the explorers who journeyed to America played in shaping the course of history as we know it today. The aspects that are covered in the book pertain to the discovery of the then New World made by Columbus and how the actions initiated by him and the consequent followers affected the lives of the aboriginal people living in the region. He depicts in his book how the actions undertaken by the Spanish in the past have created a trend that has trickled into the future. “The history of the globe is of course made up of conquests and defeats, of colonisations and discoveries of others, but as I shall try to show, it is in fact the conquest of America that heralds and established our present identity.” (Torodov, 1984, p5) The exploration journeys of the Spanish to the regions of Mexico and Latin America before the discovery of America are also critiques and analyzed by Tzvetan Todorov. The author analyses the behavior of the Spanish explorers to the region and the resultant behavior and changes that were faced by the local people in the region, namely the American Indians and the Aztecs in detail. Through the book, he puts forward his opinion that the clash of the cultures of the Spanish and aboriginals in America resulted in the almost extinction of Mesoamerica’s American Indian population. Todorov’s Quantitative and Qualitative Narratives of the Decline of the Indigenous Population In his book, Todorov narrates quantitatively, stating numbers and figures when it comes to reporting the decline in the indigenous population. He mentions that at the hands of the Spanish and the explorers, the population of the Aztecs and the Indians suffered a great deal coming to a state of near extinction. Simultaneously he also uses qualitative adjectives, figures of speech, and metaphors to depict the decline of the indigenous Red Indians and the Aztecs under the Spanish. He uses his qualitative writing technique to present detail and engage the reader, while the quantitative technique is used to provide facts to the reader and support his qualitative analysis. Todorov’s General Thesis, and “the question of the other” The general thesis that is proposed by Todorov is that the explorations of the New World were made on religious grounds and the way these explorations were managed was driven by the explorers’ religious principles. While many historians who have written on the history of the American continent tend to overlook the religious aspect of the discovery of the New World made by the European explorers, it is proposed that the explorations by the Europeans for America were made based on their religious beliefs which were central to the
Abstract Sweeping demographic shifts, technological advances, competition, geopolitical realignments and other related pressures are combining with concerns for security, changing customer preferences, expansion urges and organizational governance to generate momentous pressure for organizational change. This report is concerned with evaluating how one of the leading companies in the fashion industry – Zara Fashion Retailer – has continued to be affected by the above challenges and how it could introduce change to maintain profitability and competitiveness. The report heavily relies on secondary sources of data collection. Although this report has mentioned many areas within Zara’s operational and human resource strategies that need redirection as a direct consequence of the ever-shifting business environment, it lays its focus on how the fashion retailer can formulate an HR plan that will effectively manage its large pool of personnel based in different locations around the world, and to bring them to align with, and advocate for, the company’s values, culture and operational strategies in the face of intense competition and shifting workforce demographics. To achieve this objective, the report has borrowed extensively from various human resource models and approaches, including Bamberger & Meshoulam Model, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, Human Capital Model, and Universalistic Theoretical Framework. More importantly, these models have been used to provide frameworks through which the company can effectively be able to know the needs, values and expectations of its employees, how much needs affect employee alignment behaviour, and ways through which employees’ knowledge, expertise, abilities, empowerment and motivation can be further enhanced for proper alignment. Introduction Implementing strategic change is viewed by academics and practitioners as one of the most important undertakings of an organization. Successful implementation of strategic change within an organization can bolster performance and competitive advantage, but failure to implement change initiatives can lead to ruinous ramifications, including the organization’s death (Sonenshen, 2010). In his study on organizational readiness for change, Susanto (2008) observes that the ever-changing business environment generates a compelling demand for an organization to continually change and modify its strategies, structures, processes and culture. In this perspective, change can be described as the process through which organizations continually adapt to the ever-changing business environment (Christopher, 2007). It is against this background that this report seeks to evaluate how Zara Fashion Retailer can affect an organizational change intended to strategically align its large pool of employees to the company’s values, culture and operational strategies. This change is informed by the need to develop new ways of coping with shifting business demands, changing customer expectations, shifts in workforce demographics and intense competition. Background Headquartered in Corona, Spain,