ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction According to Butts and Rich (2005), leadership in a clinical setting is a process that ought to shape the goals of the medical care organizations, motivate the behavior of the nurses towards the accomplishment of goals, and help to define the overall culture of the medical organizations. Since the goals of a clinical staff must be patient-centered, the managers who hold the authority should ascertain that the implementation of the relevant leadership is affected. This can be achieved by influencing all team members in the medical circle to do their best. Discussion Background of the Study The health care crisis in the United States is limited to specific problems of shortage of professional medical practitioners, financial constraints for proper management of the health care settings, management effectiveness and efficiency, adoption of innovation, and provision of quality health services (Grumbach & Bodenheimer, 2004). These problems are not new as they are widely covered by existing literature. The good management system is a reform developed to improve efficiency and health service outcomes for the patients. This can be done by bridging management goals and nursing goals through effective communication, coordination, and team management through ethical principles and at the same time, working alongside the patients and the relatives of the patients (Henderson, 2010). The debate of organizational hierarchy in the health care settings remains since the solution to these problems persists because of the differences of opinion encountered in the management process (Rouse, 2010). This calls for investigating the importance
Sleep is a normal activity very important for our well-being. Numerous theories try and explain why organisms sleep. The Recuperative theory of sleep is based on the premise that humans require sleep to rejuvenate and recoup spent energy during the waking period. The Circadian theory opines that the human wake-sleep cycle is a natural cycle modified by the day and night cycle of nature. While the former try and explain sleep in behavioral terms, the latter has a more neurobiological explanation for the phenomenon of sleep. This essay attempts to compare and contrast both theories in an attempt to explain their validity. The recuperative theory bases its proof on the logic that any animal which stays awake 24 hours without break would expend a tremendous amount of energy and be weakened over time and thus fall prey to other animals. Milton (1994) states that “animals sleep so that physiological and biochemical repairs can take place”. Thus to survive, the animal must sleep to conserve energy, allow new energy to replace the spent energy, and make conditions suitable for growth. The recuperative theory opines that during the act of sleeping, some biological processes take place that increase the chances of growth and survival. According to many scientists, during stage 4 sleep, the parasympathetic system controlling the digestive system becomes active and the cardiovascular system slows down. By doing so, energy expenditure is reduced while digestion helps restoration of energy in the body. REM sleep provides another clue why the recuperative theory could be valid. It has been proven that humans enter a more restive state during REM sleep. During this period, the muscles are completely relaxed which helps conserve energy and the subsequent buildup. Sleep scientists have also pointed out that the restful condition during sleep promotes the secretion of growth hormones which is yet another reason for the validity of the recuperative theory. However, recuperative theorists find it difficult to explain why there is rarely any difference in sleep patterns, even if someone exercises very hard. As per the Circadian theory, the normal wake-sleep cycle is about 25 hours. According to Levinthal (1990), “The regulation of circadian cycles is accomplished by the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus—-.” The SCN receiv
Introduction Food is a constituent part of our life because it helps us to be healthy and nourishes the organism. Though most people think that healthy food is not supposed to be tasty, and the tasty food is rarely healthy, it is necessary to make at least a little effort to include a few healthy products into the everyday menu at the beginning and move to the completely healthy-balanced menu for every day eating. Physical activities help keep the organism in a good physical form irrespectively of the load, though the time period can be important. For example, if you swim every day for at least ten minutes, it cannot be compared to the process of watering flowers for ten minutes every day. However, even minor activities which people perform every day and which are not typically counted as physical exercises can be beneficial for your health in general and for your vitality and muscle tone with regard to everyday life. Eating for Me and Modeling Children A balanced meal is essential for all people, though some individuals that have a good metabolism think that being slender is natural. As a rule, people have such erroneous opinions until they encounter health problems. The condition of our skin, hair, and nails is the first indicator of health problems. When you notice that your skin became less firm, this means that your organism has faced changes. Microelements and vitamins are the initial methods of coping with health problems with regard to such minor demonstrations as firmness of the skin and ingrowing toenails. The meal is the simplest way to protect your organism from the impact of different microelements and unnecessary fats in the food you eat every day. As soon as you change your eating habits, you can experience improvements in the general conditi
Overview The World Trade Organization is the sole global body that deals with fairness in trade among nations. It designs rules to ensure that large economies and small economies are at par in economic growth. However, its policies and propositions are not popular with most nations. Its aims are to facilitate demand and supply by ensuring that producers of goods and services find a way to export their products and those that do not produce find a way to import what they need. Through its membership, World Trade Organization facilitates two major world forums. The Doha Development Agenda is a trade negotiations forum. It is designed to achieve groundbreaking reforms in the manner in which world economies conduct their trade. The forum’s agenda is to inject revised rules and to improve the international trade system through systematic introduction of minimal trade restrictions. It was officially launched in Qatar in 2001. Ministers of respective countries tasked with commerce, trade, and sometimes finance attend the forum. Each minister goes to the table to air their countries’ views. The Doha development agenda covers around 20 critical areas of world economy, which include agriculture, services, imports, exports, intellectual property, among others. World Trade Organization’s advocacy for free global trade has not been popular with majority of the nations. Although free trade has many benefits as opposed to closed trade, many countries perceive free trade negatively and bring down any attempts at making the world economy free of national and regional barriers. For example, in 2003 during the talks that were held in Caucun Mexico, the world witnessed massive protests. This was the third ministerial meeting with the same agenda: trying to break the deadlock that had been experienced in the last two sittings since the first round in Qatar. The second major forum facilitated by World Trade Organization is the World Trade Forum. This forum seeks common ground on how countries can work together in tackling common global problems that go beyond the need for economic integration. This includes the need for development in major areas such as education. Major economies and their leaders normally attend it. They review goals and targets such as millennium development goals. This forum is generalist compared to the Doha round of negotiations. However, it is important to note that they both champion for a more develop
The rule of linguistic relativity holds that the foundation of a language influences the conduct that its speakers are capable of conceptualizing their world (Dugmore and Rock 23). The practical relations between mental operation and language raise individual facts on how individuals think, for example, the American people who verbalize their inhabitant language perceive everything surrounding them differently. Therefore a simple speech reveals how an American person perceives things (Dugmore and Rock 22). Thus, language reflects a culture which means that different languages reflect the different cultures and different people tend to behave differently because basically, culture is a way of coping with infinite complexities of reality. Non-verbal communication comprises of eye contact, body posture, and positioning among other factors within groups (Dugmore and Rock 26). Face to face communication means that the message is sent on two mediums simultaneously; if the non-verbal spoken words and hints are absurd, then the flow of information is hidden. All non-verbal actions such as gestures, postures, eye contact, how slow or loud people talk, and the close we stand always convey a strong message (Dugmore and Rock 27). As a result, nonverbal communication hints may play the following roles; that of repetition which involve repetition of messages made verbally, that of contradiction which contradicts the information that an individual is trying to pass, and substitution which may act as a substitute for a verbal message such as through eye contact (Dugmore and Rock 32). Others are complementing which entails actions such as a supervisor patting an individual while praising them; all this reflects the importance and develops relationships of how people convey messages to one another. As such, all bolts and nuts for communication whether verbal or non-verbal need to be in the right place without any of them sticking out to create a good relationship among the communicators. Works cited Dugmore, C. R. and Rock, W. P. “Marketing management”, Journal of international marketing, 12. (2006): 23- 25. Print.
Background As Jesus was heading to Jerusalem, he passed between the cities of Samaria and Galilee, a path that took him through a certain village where he came across ten leapers. These Samaritan men stood a far from the rest of the people as they had been cast off by the society because of their disease. As Jesus approached the men raised their voices and shouted to him, “Master, have mercy on us.” Jesus then waked towards them and told them to go and show themselves to the priests. As the men walked off, they realized that their leprosy had healed and they were cleansed and therefore went off rejoicing. However, one of them on noticing that his leprosy was gone turned back while glorifying God and walked to where Jesus was standing. He then knelt before him and with his face on Jesus’ feet went ahead to thank him for the miracle. Jesus then asked how comes, out of ten men only one came back to thank him. He then asked the man to rise up and go his way and told him that his faith had made him whole. Significance of leprosy At the time that Jesus lived leprosy was a common disease among the people, and the repercussions of having the disease were devastating. It was not enough that the leapers has to lose their limbs, they were also excommunicated from the rest of the society since the disease was contagious. They had to therefore, live outside the city away from the people where they begged for food and clothing. They were viewed as outcasts who had no place in society as men and the banishing of leapers was meant to make sure they die away from the rest of the society 1 . This was because there had not been even as single case of anyone who had recovered from the disease and the solution was death. Significance of the priests The priests at the time were identified as the most powerful religious figures and they had to approve of any miracles that were claimed to have happened. After their approval, the miracle would then be accepted by all the people, both the believers and the non-believers. By Jesus telling the leapers to walk forth and show themselves to the priests he wanted word on the healing of leapers which was a miracle to spread as this would then lead to the glorification of God. This was if the priests approved of the healing as a miracle as Jesus had previously received some criticism from the priest especially after performing miracles on a Sabbath. He, however, knew that even though the priests did not approve of the healing as a miracle, word would still spread due to the natur
No matter how sad it is to acknowledge the fact that bribery is an integral part of a man’s life, it is still obvious that even in the country where democracy is the key principle of life, one can face the situations when officials, to be more precise, policemen in the give case, demand bribes. Once learning the ways to act in the given situation, one must take a closer look at the circumstances and check for all the possible solutions. The problem in the given case is the dilemma that the father faces; at first glance, he is left only with two options, which are either going against his morals to save his son, or to deal with the issue in a proper way, sacrificing his son’s health. There are three key stakeholders in the given situation, which are the policemen, who set the terms; the father, who is to take the pivoting decision; and the family, who depends on the decision which the father is going to take. Speaking of the solutions to the given problem, one must mention that there is more than one option for the person entrapped in the realm of corruption. However, it is also worth noting that some of the actions might have undesirable consequences. To start with, the idea of paying the money and leaving the place is the first thing that pops into one’s head. However, as a result, the father will turn out as morally corrupted as the two policemen. Another solution will be standing his ground going to the police station. However, it is worth noting that the well-being of the child is at stake. Therefore, the given solution does not seem reasonable, either. The third option can be appealing to the police’s humanity and sense of pity, explaining them the situation with the sick child and asking them to let the father go. Rather humiliating, this method is quite unlikely to drive to any results and can make the policemen even more frustrated and wanting for even more money. Finally, the father can go for broke and saying something really unexpected that will baffle the policemen and will give him the chance to take a narrow escape. For instance, the father can say that he had the camcorder in his mobile phone on and he had been filming everything. An alternative way of settling the situation in a more subtle yet reckless manner will be to make the policemen say what exactly they want, e.g.., “As far as I understand, you want me to give you a bribe, sir?” This approach can give the policemen the idea that the father has a camcorder on, and they are likely to let him go. Therefore, it is clear that there is no panacea for the given situation. Despite the fact that bribery not only goes against the rules of the law, but also gradually makes both the offended and the offending party morally bankrupt, it is still a sad yet integral part of the modern realty, which means that it must be struggled with. It is quite hard to believe, though, that bribery can be wiped out of the face of the Earth completely; however, it is still worth a try to make the world a better place.
The video on upper limb amputation is an outstanding illustration of cases where individuals are missing one upper limb and shows how they can cope with the loss. A wide range of examples of prosthetic arms is shown based on their differential capabilities. They exhibit not only a strong sense of physical and functional adaptability but also emotional resilience, optimism, and well-being. The most helpful aspect of the video is the information about a wide range of tools and instruments available for the replacement of the amputated arm. It shows how hooks, grips, and cosmetic prosthetic arms can be highly useful at preserving a substantial degree of functionality of an arm. For example, one case demonstrates how hooks can be used to shoot, climb, and work at a workshop (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Another useful element is the emotional coping mechanisms of the presented individuals. They showcase emotional resilience and optimism about their condition by stating that their interests did not become inaccessible due to the amputation. They all approach the problem as an interesting challenge. For example, a woman in the video made small modifications to the steering wheel to be able to drive with one hand and also redesigned her knitting table to knit singlehandedly (Mayo Clinic, 2014). A young man engages in all activities that interest him, such as fishing, shooting, and climbing, which demonstrate not only his behavioral adaptability but also mental resilience to discouragement. In conclusion, the information in the video can be highly useful for a rehabilitation counselor. The primary reason is the fact that the latter will be capable of educating amputees about the available tools and instruments to restore their functionality. In addition, instilling optimism, resilience, and encouragement can also be helpful to present the situation as an engaging challenge rather than a dead end. Reference Mayo Clinic. (2014). Upper limb amputation patient education video [Video]. YouTube. Web.
Impact of Transportation on the Tourism Industry The Chicago convention that contains the basic rules for civil aviation signed by Franklin Roosevelt in December 1944 emphasized that the future development of air transport will create good relationship between nations and people around the world. Air transport has become the foundation of the entire global society in terms of communication, economic, and social progress. Air travel created wealth and disclosed their potential for trade and tourism aspects. One of the cheapest ways to travel is using roads. In Britain, road transport for tourists is fulfilled by coaches, car hire, and taxis. Britain has route coaches that operate in different destinations and has the largest road transport network for its tourists. London buses provide the urban network being a convenient way to get around the city offering sight seeing opportunity (Page & Lumsdon, 2004, p. 115). The role in tourism and travel industry A study done by the Oxford Economic Forecasting on Air Transport Action Group, describes the main benefits of air transport and the way it should be sustainable. This Air Transport Action Group is a combination of independent companies and organizations in the air transport industry whose main objective is to improve infrastructure in a responsible way. Its global members include “airlines, airports, navigation services, travel, tourism institutes, manufacturers, ground transportation, and communication providers” (Parsch 2011, p. 64). The aviation sector and the civil aerospace are the main sectors of air transport industry. Development of Air transport in tourism Some factors have contributed to the rapid growth of this industry because of “increased demand for trade and leisure purposes”. Increased competition and efficiency have reduced airfares and improved trade in politically stable countries thereby promoting tourism. Trade done globally through purchases of goods and services such as energy sector, has grown due to the purchase of aircraft fuel as well as employment through aviation fuel (Wickham 2001, p. 106). IT in computer systems or people who manufacture retail goods are also a way of job creation. As the industry is in demand, its contribution to the global economy is great because the GDP per employer is higher. Employees are well trained, skilled and experienced. The industry carries out intensive research and development (Honey, 1999, p. 301). Countries are able to take part in the global market by means of providing way to the most important markets and promoting globalization of production. Countries can specialize in activities that are beneficial to their economies and trade with countries producing other goods and services. Improved air transport also enlarges the market in which companies operate enabling them to exploit other economies. It promotes competition to companies thereby boosting their efficiency. It improves efficiency in industries as it is easier and faster to transport and deliver goods (Cater & Lowman, 1994, p. 611). Air travel is a trade facilitator that enables markets to get produc
Introduction Over the recent past, societies have experienced increased cases of lifestyles diseases such as diabetes type 2, cancer, and obesity. Apparently, several cases of lifestyle complications are outcomes of consuming junk and fast food. In effect, junk and fast food contain excess calories that are detrimental to the health of consumers, and as such, when they consume the foods, their vulnerability to lifestyle diseases and weight problems increase. The rising cases of lifestyle diseases and weight problems compelled states and governments to institute policies that govern the quality of food offered by various food joints and restaurants. One of the regulations produced by governments like the United States is the rule that impel restaurants and other food joints to post the amount of calories per food or beverages that they offer. Therefore, the essay uses Reversal Theory and reasons such as reduced amount of junk food, improved quality of food, promotion of consumer health, and reduction of medical expenses to examine whether it is necessary for restaurants to put calories on their menu. Reversal Theory Overview Reversal Theory is a psychological theory, which examines human behavior and motivation. The theory explains the various factors that motivate individuals and assesses their effectiveness in determining the scale of motivation and focus of individuals. According to Apter, Fontana, and Murgatroyd (2014), Relevance Theory explains that, while a factor may be motivating and interesting to some individuals at some point, it may be uninteresting and irritating sometimes. To substantiate its argument, the theory utilizes four domains, which are means-ends, rules, transactions, and relationships. The first and second domains are useful in ascertaining the fact that people or organizations may have motivation that is goal oriented and ready to conform to any changes advanced by external forces. The third domain explains that after conforming, individuals or organizations master the skills and become experts in the subject field. Consequently, the fourth domain espouses considerations that an entity can accord to others or themselves. Relevance The theory is relevant because it examines the behavior and character of individuals. Notably, the relevance of the theory emanates from utilization of the domains. The recent policy that requires entities such as restaurants to put calories in their menus relates well with the domains presented by the theory. The relationship develops because the policy compelling restaurants to put calories on their food offerings dictates their initial motivation and goal orientation. Apparently, the goal of every restaurant is to earn revenues, a factor that compounds the essence of the first and second domain of the theory. Consequently, factors such as compliance to the policy and improvement of expertise overtime to match the quality demands of consumers and government establish the relevance of the third and fourth domain of the Relevance Theory (Svebek & Apter 2014). As a result, the theory is very useful and practical in examination of the necessity that restaurants should put c