ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The epistolary novella “Color Purple” is a story of resilience and great transformation where the author gives a lot of ideas on relationships of friendship, oppressive domination, courage and the quest for independence. In it she relates the story of Celie, a woman with a phenomenal rise from one oppressed and dependent and climaxes at the emancipated self at the end of the book. As readers we perceive these through the eyes of the sisters Celie and Netie as they narrate the fateful life the young lady, her fights through the physical and emotional abuse. As a child she is raped by the step father and has two children. These experiences make her more inclined to a bisexual life especially the one she (Celie) has with Shugs, Mr. ______”s mistress. This relationship brings one aspect of the lesbianism that is expressed in the book. Main body It must be however stated that lesbianism exists in the book but it does not vividly come out in the book by any graphic illustrations. There are two ways to perceive lesbianism in the book. First this term could be taken to mean the traditional understanding where there is romantic or sexual relationship or attraction between two females living together. It could also mean the female expression of dissatisfaction with male domination or institutions such as Patriarchy or capitalism that result in the alienation of the female gender. Similarly it can also be a relationship where the female partners avoid the conventional married life and resist male tyranny at all cost. Lesbianism can occur to the women who live or work together in a platonic or a more emotional level. In the book we see a number of female characters who seem orientated in one or both forms of lesbianism. Shug’s and Celie’s relationship is the most pronounced in the book. When Celie first see Shug in a photograph, she remarks that “the most beautiful woman I ever saw.” Shugs on the other hand initially insults Celie as “Surely Ugly” in their first meeting, they become close, makes Celie begin to appreciate her worth and engage in lesbianism. in another instance when she arrives home for Christmas, they are left alone in the house Shugs asks to stay warm in Celie’s bed with her. After Celies reveals her rape ordeal to her , she puts her arms around her and they both cry, after sometime they begin to touch each other and kiss, she goes to her room when the men return. this is not surprising at all because the love affair between the two has been suspected until this point of physical engagement. the other female relationships suspected are that between Eleanor and Sofia. Eleanor Miss Millie’s daughter tries her best to make Sofia care for her like she does for Sofia. unfortunately her efforts to persuade Sofia are un successful. The second lesbian relationship of revolt against oppression is also vivid in the life of many characters. the ladies provide emotional strength to each other to ward off male chauvinism. the contrast that existed between them become less distinct. Sofia tells Celie that she ought to bash Mr._____ head open. (Walker 44). This could be a way to edge Celie awa
The paper analyzes the article “5 surprising disadvantages of SWOT analysis” written by freelance-writer Kiesha Frue from the educational website PESTLE Analysis. This site prepares educational materials and reports about various strategies and tools that can be used in business for its audience. The task of such websites is to attract the attention of readers and provide them with information in an exciting and easy-to-read form. The studied material is of interest to all entrepreneurs who use SWOT in planning and decision-making. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the tool contributes to its accurate usage. Considering the popularity of SWOT analysis, the article reveals current aspects of this process and may affect the choice of entrepreneurs whether to use it or not. The title of the studied article mainly reflects its purpose and content – the author Kiesha Frue described five shortcomings of such a business planning tool as SWOT analysis. I do not understand why the title uses the word “surprising,” but I can assume that it is necessary to attract readers’ attention. The information is interesting, but I see some vagueness and generality in assertions. While the material is presented understandably and logically, more specific and illustrative examples can significantly improve the article. Nevertheless, the article’s central message is understandable – it warns that entrepreneurs should not rely heavily on SWOT analysis during strategic planning. The site’s specifics also determine the format of the article – its main characteristics are simplicity, readability, and capturing the attention of readers. The text is distinguished by high-quality editorial work and has no serious errors. Thus, the analyzed article achieves its goal – warning about the shortcomings of the SWOT analysis. However, I believe that more specific examples can complement it and make it more illustrative.
Background The problem of post-surgery infections has been relevant over the years. When the organism is healing after surgery, it becomes especially vulnerable to infection due to which pathogen organisms may enter the area of incision. Post-surgery infections often lead to severe complications and increase in mortality rate. The significance of this problem to nursing lies with the fact that nurses work in surgeries and it is their task to take care of patients in the aftermath of operations. By being negligent and not prudent enough while changing patients’ bondages, a nurse may let the infection penetrate the incision. The purposes of the study is to make surgical patients less exposed to surgical cite infections (SSIs) and improve the quality of their lives and to assess nurses’ understanding of evidence-based prevention of surgical site infections. The objective is to find methods that would allow to do that with practical evidence from operating rooms and to describe how nurses’ knowledge is related to selected sociodemographic factors. The research question is: how can operating room nurses use evidence-based care in prevention of Surgical Site Infections and reduce patient exposure to them. Another question is what is the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding evidence based guidelines for the prevention of SSIs in acute care settings. The articles chosen for the research discuss the issue of surgical cite infections through the lens of nurses’ involvement in the process. The article entitled The Persistent Breach between Evidence and Practice in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection portrays the possibilities of the intra-operative prevention of SSIs by operating room nurses. The article called Intraoperative Prevention of Surgical Site Infections as Experienced by Operating Room Nurses examines what factors may stand in the way of implementation of SSIs prevention practices. The relevance of the first article in regard to my PICOT question is that it provides an example of the SSI prevention system, constructed by the article’s authors and legitimate enough to be implemented. The relevance of the second article to my PICOT question lies with the fact that in it is necessary to explore all the obstacles on the way to translate evidence into practice. The article called Compliance and barriers facing nurses with surgical site infection prevention guidelines deals with difficulties nurses may face in trying to act according to the instructions. The article entitled Jordanian nurses’ knowledge of preventing surgical site infections in acute care settings dwells on the nursing practice regarding the factors influencing caregivers’ knowledge of evidence-based care to prevent SSIs. These articles answer the Picot question of whether operating room nurses could use evidence-based nursing care to prevent Surgical Site Infections and reduce patient exposure to these issues. When it comes to Qvistgaard et al. (2019), their interv
Introduction The rapid increase in world population is putting a lot of force on the environment. Water occupies 70% of the earth space and is also the most significant component for human existence. It is also a major component for industrial processes. Currently, households account for 50% of the global water consumption while the other 50% goes to agricultural activities. The need for water increases with an increase in growth population (Tang & Chen 2002). The textile industry is among the biggest user of water and complex chemicals at various phases of textile processing. As such, the industry creates a risk of environment pollution and other health hazards. In the last few years, the Australian textile industry consumed large volumes of drinking water. As a result of the increased demand for textiles, the levels of wastewater have increased rapidly (Anjaneyulu, Chary & Raj 2005). Wastewater generated from textile industries contains organic dyes and other toxic products which have mutagenic effects on life. The discharge of textile industry wastewater into the environment cause serious health and environmental problems (Türgay et al. 2011). Wastewater from the textile industry is one of the highest pollutants in the manufacturing sectors (Şen & Demirer 2003). According to past studies, the most common pollutants in the textile wastewater are large amounts of suspended solids (SS), pH, colour and salts. Recalcitrant organics have dye, sizing agents and dying aids. Moreover, “dye is the most difficult constituent of the textile wastewater to treat” (Şen & Demirer 2003). Also, the textile wastewater has high temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), acidity, high chemical oxygen demand concentration (COD), and other soluble substances (Ahn, Chang & Yoon 1999; Kim et al. 2002). All these contents make the processes of treat textile wastewater more complex. The main objective of this project is to remove dye from textile wastewater. The figure below shows some harmful direct and indirect effects of textile wastewater (Verma, Dash, Bhunia, 2012) Figure 1: Harmful direct and indirect effects of textile wastewater. Project definition Key objective /issue to be investigation The key objective of this project is to remove dye wastewater through the use of different methods of textile wastewater treatment. The coagulation method is one of the methods used in the treatment of textile wastewater. The purpose of the coagulation method is to reduce COD remove colour from textile wastewater by using several chemical and physical treatment methods ( Ramakrishna & Viraraghavan 1997). The other
Introduction There is an old saying that states that “humans live by their emotions,” to an extent this is true since it through overt and internal emotions that a person feels daily that dictates their actions to a particular degree. What must be understood though is that emotions themselves are rooted in human biology in which the complex arrangement of emotions that exist within the human psyche at present are a direct result of evolutionary processes that necessitated their creation? As a person grows and develops they, in turn, start to come into full awareness of their emotions and as a result, become more expressive in their actions and behaviors (Jolles, 555). Understanding the Biological Connection of Emotions It is a well-known fact that as a person grows and matures they experience a variety of emotions such as anger, fear, worry, etc. however such emotional states are inherently connected to an individual’s survival mechanism. For example, states related to anger, fear, and worry can be directly correlated to the state of our distant aboriginal ancestors who needed such emotions to stay alive within their respective environments. In fact, the James-Lange theory specifically states that a person’s emotions are inherently tied to their actions wherein emotional states are a direct result of bodily changes. For example, a person would be sad or lonely if they are constantly alone or when a person punches another the feeling of anger comes as a direct result of the action of punching. While the James-Lange theory has as of late lost a certain degree of its relevance in the understanding of emotion most psychologists agree that it did help to establish the currently widely held belief that emotional states are an inherently influenced by biological processes. For example, the emotional instability that is noted in women undergoing their period or during pregnancy shows how changes that occur within a person’s body has a direct and externally visible effect on how emotions manifest themselves. Other studies which point out the connection between biology and emotions indicate that individuals that have either experienced brain damage or had subsequently taken drugs that affect the mind display notably different emotional states before the damage or when they took the drugs in question. Studies such as those by Salovey (2007) indicate that since individual parts of the brain are responsible for certain displays of emotion it goes without saying that should the brain be affected in some way whether through physical trauma or chemical manipulation a person’s ability to display certain emotional states would, of course, be affected as well (Salovey,393) Of particular interest are a variety
Introduction The issue of social justice has occupied the minds of many scholars in the society for a long time. Scholars and philosophers such as St. Augustine, Plato and John Locke among others have all tried to define what social justice is and how a society can benefit from it. According to Zafirovski (2005), social justice can be conceptualized in terms of equality and human rights. To this end, this scholar defines this concept as a situation where a society or an institution operates on the basis of equality solidarity (Zafirovski, 2005). For a society or an institution to be regarded as an entity operating on social justice, it must uphold human rights and the dignity of each and every individual in such a society or institution. But where did the concept of social justice originate from in contemporary philosophical and political discourse? According to Benhabib (2004), the concept of social justice can be traced back to the writings of Luigi Taparelli in the mid 19 th century. Taparelli was analyzing the teachings of Thomas Aquinas when he came up with this concept. Antonio Rosmini-Serbati later on built on the works of Taparelli to further define social justice in contemporary society (Zafirovski, 2005). Other scholars associated with social justice in contemporary social and political discourse include John Ryan, Coughlin and Kant among others. According to Benhabib (2004), social justice cannot be separated from human rights and equality in the society. This is given the fact that if the rights of the individual are abused, such an individual will not be in a position to partake in social justice. On the other hand, a society full of economic, social and political inequalities cannot be regarded as having embraced social justice principles. Social justice is also related to economic egalitarianism (Garrett, 2005). A society which is characterized by economic inequalities as indicated above cannot be regarded as operating on the principles of social justice. But is social justice the same as political egalitarianism? This is the question that is likely to arise when one is analyzing social justice in the context of political developments in the society. This paper is going to look at whether social justice is similar to political egalitarianism. The author will first provide a brief background on both social justice and political egalitarianism. The author will then try to analyze how the two are related and whether they are one and the same thing. The paper will be based on social justice theory as envisaged by scholars such as John Rawls, Kant and John Locke. Social Justice An Overview Wardell (2011) justice as a concept has been addressed in various legal, political, philosophical and religious discourses. According to him, this concept involves the treatment of the poor and marginalized individuals in the society on an equal basis with those who are privileged. Wardell’s definition of
Course description This course – “American Revolution and the Current Issues” is a four-unit course designed to assist students in understanding that the American Revolution is one of the significant periods in the world’s history. The course will involve studying both the causes of the war and the main stages of the revolution. The revolution comprises of a remarkable story of thirteen American revolutionary colonies fighting to become a confederation of states. This course examines the causes, the war, and the impacts of the revolution (Morton, 2003). The student will learn on the emerging patterns of resistance, and the application of petitions, intimidation, pamphlets, boycotts, and inter-colonial meeting in the US political development. The student will as well learn about a series of events and coercive activities like the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party, which influenced the relationship between the US colonies and the British government. The course will also pursue the governing of the newly formed Union under the Articles of Confederation. In general, this course conducts a critical analysis of the American Revolution from a broad perspective, tracking the transformation of participants, from being the British subjects, settlers, revolutionaries, and as American citizens (Morton, 2003). Course Learning Outcomes The understanding of the critical issues in the history of the American Revolution will make the students intellectually understand the subsequent wars in American History and the events that may occur later. It will make the students understand the justification of the American Revolution and any other revolution forwarded for the liberation of humanity (Morton, 2003). The students will be able to identify how the revolution affected the relationship between colonies and the British government. The course, therefore, will assist the students in examining in a broad sense the current US foreign relation policies. The students will be able to track the Indo-American, Franco-American and Anglo-American relationships. The course will help the students to identify the essential freedoms worth demanding. Moreover, the course will bring into limelight the long social relationship between man and woman, master and slave, parent and child, colonial and colonialist, constituent, and representative (Butler, 2001). The impact of these relationships on the founding of the nation will be well understood. For instance, the students will appreciate the role of women and slaves in the making of American history. Furthermore, the students will be able to identify the founding fathers in American history. The role of their activities on the current government will be understood and appreciated. The students will also be able to establish benchmarks in their own values and examine them in respect to the American Revolution. The Course Design This course is a four-unit course: Political development in the US and Britain before and during the American Revolution; American Revolution as military, cultural and social events; the Articles of Confederation and the founding Fathers.
In his masterpiece book, The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in Recession and War, Alan Brinkley employs extensive research to achieve his objectives. The objective of the book is to give a fresh look to the Great Depression and the post war liberal new deals. The conventional thinking holds that at the time of the depression, Americans greatest needs were relief mechanisms to fend for their families and an assurance from the government that it would recover from the crisis. However, Brinkley maintains that the key aspect of the New Deal was the reform agenda, which unfortunately died after 1937 only to reemerge as a new liberal agenda. He notes, “The new liberalism that evolved in response to this changing world wrapped itself in the mantle of the New Deal, but bore only a partial resemblance to the ideas that had shaped the original New Deal” (Brinkley 1995, 431). As aforementioned, Brinkley carried extensive research in a bid to validate his arguments on the role of reforms in the New Deal programs, which is one of the strengths of this book. The author explores the people that came up with the reform agenda before creating an enabling environment for the real change to take place. This agenda acted as a springboard upon which the United States would move into the future with unparalleled success. Whilst Americans were calling for relief and recovery strategies, Brinkley notes that visionary people around President Roosevelt came up with a proactive scheme to ensure that the citizens were covered in the future. The reform agenda entailed employment creation, economic reforms, creation of labor unions and dealing with monopolies for the greater good of all Americans. However, Brinkley is concerned with the death of the original reform agenda after 1937. The New Deal liberalism in Brinkley’s words was just but a ploy by the post-war liberals to introduce capitalism in the name of consumer rights. The author does a recommendable job to give back up information from historical documentations to support his conclusions. The references used in the book are numerous and diverse, which dismisses the idea that the book is biased. On top of using key historical books, Brinkley consults personal write-ups from renowned people who were part of Roosevelt’s administration. This firsthand information allows the author to determine the motives of such individuals and the roles that they played towards the killing of the reform agenda after the Second World War. The notable individuals that the author quotes include Harold Ickes, Thomas Corcoran, and Felix Frankfurter among many others. In a bid to assist the reader to understand the individuals mentioned in the book, the author gives biographical information on most of them. For instance, one of the influential individuals during Roosevelt’s administration was Arnold Thurman. However, instead of Brinkley just mentioning him, h
In 2004, the Health Department created a citywide health policy called ‘Take Care New York (TCNY)’ to help improve the health of New Yorker residents (New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 2012). The department established 10 areas of focus, which they noted to be important factors in the increase of illnesses. These reports analyze how the community in Southeast Queens is doing to achieve its health goals. In this case, nine out ten are graded average and above average respectively. However, “having a healthy baby” is an important goal, but it falls under the “below average” category. Thus, this health problem in the community was motivated me to focus on “Maternal, Infant, and Child Health” as my health topic area from the Healthy People 2020 program. Pregnant women in the Southeast Queens region receive late or no prenatal care, which means that the community fails on this aspect of health as a whole (NYC DOH, 2010). Low birth weight and infant mortality are higher in Community District 13 than in any other region of New York City. I concluded that the primary causes of low health grades on “Healthy Baby” are the lack of prenatal and pregnancy education. Women with education beyond a high school degree had a lower