ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The attack of Kuwait by Iraq can also be referred to as “the Iraq –Kuwait War”. This was a serious war that involved Iraq and its neighbor Kuwait, which eventually culminated to a long stalemate of approximately seven to eight months. During the period of conflict, Kuwait was controlled by Iraq. This conflict drew international concern and the USA government got involved by sending its military to go fight against Iraq. Iraq alleged in 1990 that Kuwait was secretly tapping its oil deposits through a process known as slant drilling. Apart from this, some sources from Iraq revealed that Saddam Hussein had planned to invade Kuwait far much earlier before the real attack. Many people felt that there were so many underlying factors that could have led to Iraq’s attack on Kuwait. Causes of the Conflict between Kuwait and Iraq Accumulated War Debts Before the “Iraq-Iran war”, Kuwait had a mutual relationship with Iraq and Kuwait even served as the main port of Iraq because Basra had been interfered with during the war. However, the cordial relationship between them turned sour soon after the war. This is because Iraq could not manage to settle the debt it had acquired from Kuwait during the war. This was because its economy was extremely strained by the war expenses. These financial disagreements caused a greet tension between the two countries. Towards the end of 1989, they tried to solve the issue amicably through a series of meetings that were chaired by leaders from the two countries. However, they could not reach a consensus and this further worsened their relationship. Economic Warfare Economic problems in Iraq also contributed to the war. After the conflict between Iran and Iraq, Saddam came up with some dubious means to reconstruct the economy of his country, which by now had seriously been ruined. In this case he wanted to raise money for his debts by simply creating unnecessary shortage of oil. This could consequently lead to high international cost of oil. Kuwait sabotaged his move by simply boosting its oil production capacity and this led to a significant fall in the oil prices internationally. These further destabilized the economy of Iraq which was already in bad shape. The government of Iraq so this as an “economic conflict” and there was also the question of the hotly contested oil field called Rumaila. Slant drilling During Iraq-Iran war, it was noticed that there was a significant drop in oil produced in Iraq’s fields while that of Kuwait drastically increased. Iraq complained that Kuwait was tapping its oil without its consent and they ordered Kuwait to compensate them, but Iraq did not accept those allegations. Hegemonic claims by Iraq on Kuwait Iraq also envied the vast oil fields
Mills in his theory of social imagination suggests that people often feel as if their lives were a series of traps whereby they have troubles they cannot overcome. Their thoughts are only limited to the world around families and working environment and as such they are not able to see the global picture of the reality of life. He suggests that people are not likely to link their lives with the larger society. According to him the history and changes to the global society affects individuals in one way or another (Mills 1). He points out that people are not able to relate the patterns of their lives with the pattern set by history of mankind and most importantly the connection between the personal life and history, oneself and the global society and as such they are not able to tune the all the external factors that contribute to his personal problems. World history affects mankind in various ways such as modernized political colonies, imperialism and revolutions and hunger for power and domination in developed worlds and even violence and ancient life in the underdeveloped world. But besides all these man still reasons locally and it is suggested that he relates his problems to the immediate local community and preferring to remain in an individuals setting and thus get overcome by a sense of the trap. Wills, in his theory of imagination argues that instead man needs a quality mind capable of thinking more into history and in a global sense. He supports his idea with the following suggestions (Mills 1). His theory empowers one to understand history and relate his position, experiences, fate and circumstance to it and by this understand his chances, role and importance in the society at that particular time in history and by this he can optimize the available opportunities. It is suggested that one needs to fully understand the setting of the society in all aspects, understand where the society stands in the history and the importance of such a stand in human development. Complete understanding of the people living in that society at the time and how the people integrate with all aspects of the society and human life. He point out that people who embrace this theory of social imagination often feel a sense increased self consciousness and ones thoughts are no longer limited to the locality but one can now make assessments and rational decisions based of a broad perspective of knowledge. He is able to differentiate personal problems with society affiliated problems and thus can know what is expected of him. It is also expected of a person to understand the public issues such as economics and individual life challenges their differences and how they relate and affect ones lifestyle. As a matter of fact the Wills disagrees with psychoanalysts that our greatest enemy is within us but rather he suggests that a mans greatest enemy is his own society and its negative attributes to hum
Introduction Research has indicated that the young generation is increasingly being obsessed by music. Most young people view music as their major source of entertainment, and they will spend most of their leisure time listening to it. The kind of music they listen to varies greatly with age and preference. Most youngsters will spend a considerable amount of money buying CD’s in order to listen to their favorite music. Research has shown that most CD’s are purchased by youngsters who belong to the 13 – 18 years age group. This essay is going to evaluate and analyze the amount of money spent on CD’s with reference to youngsters belonging to 13 and 18 years age groups. Data sample and collection Youngsters of ages 13 and 18 were used as the data sample for the research. The sample was selected because they belong to the teenager’s age group. This was done in order to obtain a small variation in data variance (Lind et al, 2011). The 13 years age group was selected because most of them are starting to experience the adolescent stage. Also, the 18 years age group sample was selected in order to evaluate their spending pattern on music CD’s. Such an age group is in the transition stage of going into adulthood, and their spending pattern will vary slightly compared with the 13 years age group. Data analysis and interpretation A total of 60 youngsters were studied in order to determine the amount of money in USD they spent on CD’s last year. Of the 60 respondents, 30 belonged to the 13 years age group while the remainder belonged to the 18 years age group. In both cases, the number of females was equal to the number of males. This was done in order to avoid the bias in the sample (McClave et al, 2011). The research also sought to find out the various sources of money for the different age groups. The following table indicates a summary of the data collected The 13 years age group. sex      No of CDs bought  Type of music  Source of cash  Estimated cost of CD’s bought                                                           Secular – $8000               Females                    Secular -49%   Parents 40%     Gospel – $ 3950               (15)     4000              Gospel-40%     Own 20%                                                                  Other 11%      Boyfriends 40%  Other – $2750                                                                                                                                                                   Secular – $19000              Males                      Secular -69%   Parents 90%     Gospel – $ 8950               (15)     10000             Gospel-10%     Own 10%                                                                  Other 21%                      Other – $10750
Information technology (IT) develops rapidly, and novelties are being implemented in almost all industries, including healthcare. Aside from the innovative tools and treatment approaches, IT is integrated into facilities’ administration and data management (Ball et al., 2011). The two latter segments are tied to the nursing work, therefore the practitioners must have the IT-related skills to empower their efficiency. Using technology is critical for healthcare administration because it helps reduce the human error risk, makes appointment management less time-consuming, gathers and stores a significant volume of crucial data (McNicol et al., 2018). The demand for novel tools can be viewed on the acute care setting example where information collection can assist in the decision-making. This paper aims to explore how an IT initiative would impact the urgent care practice by providing data analysis, evaluating the barriers, identifying management, resourcing, and leadership strategies for implementation. Acute care setting is a healthcare practice where the patients receive intense yet short-term treatment, and it commonly includes the emergency, coronary, natal, cardiology units. IT is in high demand for these practices because the client’s experience is life-threatening, and the decisions must be made quickly and correctly. Indeed, technology that collects and proceeds with the volume of data humans are incapable of managing would significantly improve the decisions’ efficiency (Lee et al., 2019). Nursing practitio
It was unexpected that the mortgage crisis that occurred in 2007 in the U.S. would have the effects it had on the European economy. The crisis was caused by the financial repercussions of an economy open to borrowing, and with good borrowing terms. This is to say that poor financial modelling, coupled with the misconception that real estate prices are always on the rise was the main cause of the mortgage crisis. Also among the significant causes was fraud and greed amongst investors (Youngblood 1). This paper is an exploration of the causes and effects of the mortgage crisis that occurred in the United States in the year 2007. The causes of the mortgage crisis that occurred in the United States can be described as being indirect. After the 9/11 terrorist attack, investors started shying away from investing in the United States. Something had to be done to counteract this lack of interest among investor. The Bush’s administration lowered the interest rates in a bid to encourage both investment and consumption. After the interest rates reached a record low of 1%, banks put conditions on loans to ensure that money is productively spent (Pritchard 1). Borrowers willing to take mortgages were however exempted from this condition and therefore the number of mortgages soared. People who had bad credit history also qualified for mortgages. This, in conjunction with the prevailing high demand for houses at the time led to high prices of houses from 1999 to 2005. The result of this was that people soon realized that they were n9ot able to repay their loans. They either waited for banks to foreclose or they walked out. The prices had stopped going up, and thus the investors did not have many options. Most of them had to negotiate their loans for desperate options like workout programs. As prices had fallen, banks incurred hefty losses as more defaulters failed to finance their loans. This led to very stringent conditions for loans and inter-bank lending which affected the activities of the banks seriously. Banks could therefore not operate normally after incurring serious losses, and this led to failure of a substantial number of banks (Youngblood 1). The U.S. mortgage crisis had numerous effects on economies world over. One of the effects is the increase in the prices of prices of commodities, which had serious implications for businesses and consumers alike. A number of parties who suffered serious losses due to the mortgage crisis sought interventions that could help decrease the effects of the mortgage cri
Education is as expensive as it is important for career success. Making knowledge more accessible to students, a system of loans has been introduced that allows students to obtain education and repay their debts after graduation. Default: The Student Loan Documentary focuses on the dramatic financial situation faced by the modern student generation. As a result of ill-conceived loan policy and insufficient awareness about the loan repay procedure, many students find themselves bankrupt in face of a growing loan to be repaid. The documentary features personal student stories, as well as professional comments from the Student Loan Justice official, emphasizing that it is rather corporate than personal irresponsibility to blame for the existing situation ( Default ). Annually borrowing around $20.000, an average student has to repay three times as much in the end. This situation results from the uncontrolled interest policy and lack of exact information provided to the students about their financial operations. The majority of students often cannot tell their interest rates or even who the lender is. The major message of the documentary is that despite the necessity of education in modern society, ultimate attention should be paid by students to issues of financial security during their studies. Works Cited Default: The Student Loan Documentary . Dir. Aurora Meneghello. Prod. Serge Bakalian. Krotala Films, 2009. Film.
Introduction The interdependence of nature, society, capitalism, and technology is an issue widely discussed by philosophers, environmental professionals, economists, historians, and political scientists. The problem of influence between Nature and Society, Capitalism and Technology is interdimensional; to understand this connection, its influence on the development of the modern world and crises that occur in it, a closer look at the historical development of these concepts is necessary. As Moore (2015a) notices, the Cartesian binary cannot be used to explain the modern place of capitalism in human history and society. Instead, environment (Nature) should be perceived as the equal actor, or, even more, as the matrix within which the civilizations unfold (Moore, 2015a: 36). I aim to understand how the interactions of these concepts shape the modern world and the development of civilizations in historical perspective. Each of the concepts will be examined with regard to the other and the human history to pinpoint how their interaction was recorded by historical evidence and how human civilization changed and transformed due to these interactions. Nature, society, technology, and capitalism together create a delicate but complex web through which the civilization develops. Nature/Society Dualism The concept of nature has been changing throughout the history. In Cartesian Dualism, it is seen as the ultimate source that Society can use; Werlhof (1988: 96) points out that this concept is determined by economics only, whereas nature is perceived by the rulers as everything that, in their opinion, should be free. White (1995: 28-29) points out that Nature can be perceived as a system of working elements (in his example, it is the Columbia and human labor that directly depend on each other). At the same time, he also points out that Nature and Society, or nature and human work, should not be seen as opposites, since some types of work that are often perceived unconnected to the nature are dependent
Introduction Attention restoration theory postulates that college students spend most of their time doing rigorous activities during the course of their studies that lead to mental fatigue and that natural or simulated environmental settings are very important in restoring and refreshing the mental condition. The attention fatigue occurs due to the constant directed attention that learning process demands in colleges, making the students experience mental fatigue. According to Felsten, “university students spend a great deal of time studying, reading course material, completing problem sets or other homework, working on reports and projects, preparing presentations, taking exams, and engaging in other activities that require sustained directed attention” (2009, p.160). The characteristics of mental fatigue due to constant directed attention are loss of attention, poor academic performance, loss learning interests, and ineffective academic efforts amongst other mental experiences. The attention restorative potential of the environment is relevant in enhancing academic performance of the students in colleges and it depends upon distance from usual activities, the extent of contents, nature of fascination and compatibility with the interests of the students. Therefore, what is the restorative potential of natural and simulated environments to the college students who are mentally fatigue due to sustained academic process? Background Since learning process in colleges demand constant directed attention that leads to the mental fatigue, restorative environment is required to enable students perform optimally on their academics. There is variability on restorative environmental settings across campuses that give varied restorative potential to the students during the course of their studies. Some campuses have
Introduction Louisiana is one of the southern states in the United States of America. As Louisiana was one of the Spanish and French colonies, it has a multicultural and multilingual heritage. When Louisiana became a Spanish colony, Spain had to make sure that it accommodates the already diverse population of Louisiana. At that time Louisiana had a large population of Native Americans, few African slaves plus a few black Americans. Moreover, a little population of European considerably influential was also present. Most of the officials in Louisiana were French even though it was a Spanish colony. The reason for this was that Louisiana used to be a French colony before it officially became a Spanish one. As the number of Spanish people present in its own management was less and the number of French was more, therefore it was considered as a shaky government. The Spanish were aware of this fact and therefore were quite lenient and allowed French customs and traditions to be more dominant. (Library of Congress, n.d) Louisiana has a very colorful culture. The Spanish influence eon the culture, heritage, traditions, architecture and even civil laws are noteworthy. All the influence dates back to the eighteenth century when Louisiana was a Spanish colony. Even though at first the Spanish culture was resisted by the French which were already present there due to the fact that earlier it was a French colony, however with the Spanish efforts Louisianans started to adapt Spanish culture and traditions. IT was during the Spanish rule that the agriculture of this areas flourished, before this, the colony purchased all its food from other countries. During the American Revolution, the main Spanish aid came to New Orleans, which is was the trade hub of this colony. Influences and Significance of the Spanish Rule Even though Louisiana was given more privileges than any other Spanish Colony however, it had to adhere to strict rules as far as trade was considered. Louisiana could not trade with Great Britain and Mexico. Moreover, whatever trade it did with Spain was allowed in only one condition. The Spanish port authorities made sure that no ship which had less than one-third Spanish crew was allowed to pass. Therefore, it is evident that the Spanish authorities were trying to keep their culture, customs, language and traditions alive. It was really hard at that time as most of the people were loyal to the French. In fact, a convention on October 29, 1768 reflected how the Louisianan people were b
Starbucks v. Obsidian First Issue: Trademark Dilution Rule: “Dilution is the lessening of the capacity of a famous mark to identify and distinguish goods or services, regardless of the presence or absence of likelihood of confusion, mistake or deception” (“Trademark Dilution”). To make a trademark dilution claim, a plaintiff must show:  1. that it owns a famous and distinctive mark;  2. that the defendant is using a mark that is allegedly diluting the famous mark;  3. that a similarity between the marks gives rise to an association between the marks;  4. that the association is likely to impair the distinctiveness or harm the reputation of the famous mark. (Casenote Legal Briefs 24) Regarding the fourth point, distinctiveness could be defined as the ability of consumers to understand that a product comes from a particular source or has a specific origin (Casenote Legal Briefs 25). In the evaluation of dilution by blurring, courts look at some or all of six factors: (i) the degree of similarity between the marks; (ii) the distinctiveness of the famous mark, (iii) the degree of the plaintiff’s substantially exclusive use of the famous mark, (iv) the degree of recognition of the famous mark, (v) whether the defendant intended to create an association between the marks, and (vi) the actual association between the marks. (Casenote Legal Briefs 25) Starbucks Claim: since the FRAPPUCCINO® mark is one of the most recognizable and famous, Starbucks possesses all rights “of protection against likely dilution by blurring and by tarnishment” (Hampy). Obsidian launched the FREDDOCCINO after the FRAPPUCCINO® mark had become famous, and had no right, license of use, or authority from Starbucks. Thus, the similarity of FREDDOCCINO in sound and look will likely count as trademark dilution under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c). Obsidian Defense: Even though the name of FREDDOCCINO has some similarity to the sound of FRAPPUCCINO, it is only a minimal degree of similarity. Therefore, there is no harm to the reputation of the FRAPPUCCINO® mark, and the consumers can distinguish between the products as shown in the picture above. Thus, there is no evidence that FREDDOCCINO will harm the FRAPPUCCINO® mark’s reputation. Second Issue Infringement of Registered Trademark Starbucks Claim : The use of the FREDDOCCINO mark for frozen blended beverages by Obsidian could be considered to be used in commerce of reproduction or copy of a trademark which is identified by the U.S. Trademark Registration No. 1., 745,953, 2,148,066, 3,080,371, and 3,535,367, in a way that could deceive customers ( Starbucks v. Obsidian Group – Freddoccino 3). Obsidians direct intent was to create links between their products and the FRAPPUCCINO mark with the primary aim of using the well-known brand to benefit from increased sales. It also constitutes an infringement of Starbucks’ trademark and a violation of Section 32(l) of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1114(l) ( Starbucks v. Obsidian Group – Freddoccino 3). Obsidian Defense: Obsidian Third Claim T