ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Along with the conservative methods of treating cancer, such as chemotherapy or anticancer drugs, oncology patients now actively take advantage of the CAM treatments, also known as complementary and alternative medicines. National Cancer Institute (2015) defines several alternatives for standard cancer treatment, such as traditional Chinese medicine, dietary supplements, usage of aroma oils, and others. However, little research has been done to prove the absolute efficacy of any of these methods for the treatment of digestive system cancer. Only careful examination and consultation with the health care professional may help the patient to select the most suitable CAM, meaning that there is no universal treatment for all types of digestive system cancer. As suggested by Yue, Gao, Zou, Yu, & Zheng (2017), the best CAM for those suffering from the last stage of pancreatic cancer is Chinese herbal medicine. While herbs cannot directly impact the growth of the tumor, the low toxicity of the method helps to avoid pain and external side effects, which accompany standard oncological curing. Block, Block, & Gyllenhaal (2018) also supported the findings of the research, discussing the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Such procedures as “classical foot massage and reflexology” might work as effective painkillers after chemotherapy (Block et al., 2018, p.896). In addition, Block et al. (2018) mentioned the positive effects of using cannabis while dealing with nausea and trouble sleeping. Finally, the researchers suggested practicing gentle yoga to reduce tiredness, improve mood, and limit pain in the musculoskeletal system (Block et al., 2018). Apart from taking into consideration the type of oncology when choosing CAM, patients should pay attention to the side effects they experience from standard treatment, aiming to address them with complementary and alternative medicine. While the popularity of CAM among oncology patients is growing, there are no conclusive studies that would replicate the results of the previous research. Therefore, complementary and alternative medicine should only be used as a supplement to reduce the side effects of a standard treatment of cancer. Since the outcome of such treatment varies from patient to patient, CAM needs to be prescribed on an individual basis.
Introduction The human mind entails the sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. They argue that these three types of memory are complementary. They process information in a systemic manner. Information moves from one memory to the second one before moving to the last and the most permanent store. Cognitive psychologists argue that perceived information takes one second in the sensory memory, one minute in the short-term memory and a life-time in the long-term memory. This study aims at ascertaining whether information takes one second in the sensory memory under all circumstances. Purpose of the Study Research question: Does information always take one second in the sensory memory even when the circumstances under which stimuli are perceived change? This research seeks to confirm or refute the argument by cognitive psychologists that information takes a very short and predetermined period in the sensory memory. I will work on this study by dealing with human beings whose sensory memory’s retention rates will be investigated. It will be interesting to determine how much information an individual can store in the sensory memory within a given period under different circumstances. The study will resolve the uncertainty about whether the time information spends in the sensory memory is always constant or not. Methodology I will have three students participating in the study. I will then show them differently colored letters of the alphabet; A, B and C. Secondly, I will show them Chinese letters of the s
The 20 th century, especially its first half, was marked with a dramatic worldwide change of women’s position in society due to the approaching of women’s right to those of men. China was not an exception, as after the Nationalist Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Revolution of 1919, Imperialism surrendered to republic, where uniform and universal rights were endorsed. The present paper is intended to discuss and compare the ideas of women’s position in Republican China as illustrated in the novel “Red Sorghum” by Mo Yan and the corresponding gender attitudes in the traditional Chinese society under the rule of Ming and Qing dynasties. First of all, it is important to note that women’s position in society as shown by Mo Yan has two paradoxical elements. On the one hand, the literary work demonstrates the use of woman as a means of entering higher social class; in particular, it is stated that the female protagonist was forced by her needy parents to marry an old terminally ill owner of wine distillery. The preparations for marriage, as Silbergeld assumes, are well-visualized in the film version of “Red Sorghum”, and the director dedicates about ten minutes to showing the obedient bride, sitting in the red sedan, while its bearers are giving her “ a furious, traditional shaking” (Silbergeld, p.56). The novel does not provide such details, but implies that “Grandmother” was compelled to go through the traditional marriage ceremony with her disabled groom. She was used by her parents as “a beautiful body”, a controllable and saleable instrument of receiving certain social benefits. As one can assume from this episode, women in Republican China were not always allowed to make her own decisions regarding family life and often engaged with arranged marriages, notwithstanding the existence in the post-revolution China of the equal rights group known as “Five proposals Movement”, aimed at giving women an opportunity to choose mates by themselves. The attitude towards woman as a property of parents and further a spouse is more typical for patriarchal societies which existed before the 20 th century. In fact, the novel contains some more episodes of treating woman as a body. Firstly, it is noted that “Grandmother” falls in love with the guerilla captain after he rapes her (Mo Yan, p.71), which means that sexual violence against women was a normality rather than deviance. By its nature, the rape means using physical advantage over the woman for the purpose of meeting the man’s own sexual needs, without considering the opinion and consent of the female partner. Therefore, male id entitled to satisfy his sexual desire whenever he wants, whereas woman’s sexuality is consistently controlled as long as her body remains an object. It also needs to be noted that the book depicts the period, when the Chinese were struggling against Japanese as well as each other, so the members of the guerilla movement have no repugnance for raping women they have recently rescued (Mo Yan, p.18). This observation points to the idea that woman’s status becomes increasingly more volatile in the period of civil unrest or military conflict, as according to the nove
Introduction Risk management (RM) relates to the procedure of distinguishing, evaluating, and managing threats to a company’s earnings and capital. An RM plan allows businesses to prepare for unanticipated occurrences. The RM process assumes two primary forms: traditional and enterprise risk management. This paper expounds on these two conceptualizations by elucidating their underlying differences, describing the importance of enterprise risk management in today’s organizations, its primary drivers, and their applicability in the healthcare sector. The Difference Between Traditional and Enterprise Risk Management Enterprise risk management (ERM) relates to the procedure of distinguishing and addressing potential threats likely to adversely impact a company’s strategic objectives’ attainment or its opportunity to achieve competitive advantage methodically. Contrarily, traditional risk management (TRM) refers to the forecasting and assessment of uncertainties integrated with the identification of processes for minimizing or averting their impact (Anton & Nucu, 2020). The TRM approach relies on tactical RM processes, whereas ERM depends on a strategic RM methodology. As indicated earlier, the conventional RM procedure focuses on averting loss within the business department. Contrarily, ERM’s primary focus is to minimize threats, increase sustainability, and generating value or savings across the entire corporation. The TRM approach involves departmentalizing RM tasks, and it focuses essentially on hazardous risks. According to Ibrahim and Esa (2017), TRM strategies allow little to no room for relative comparison between risks to ascertain their underlying relationships and assess their cumulative impact on a company’s operations. Contrarily, ERM integrates a holistic approach into the RM process of a firm’s internal controls. Under this RM procedure, every silo, business unit, or department handles its uncertainties and has minimal cognizance of corporate risks. ERM is a continuous and proactive procedure, whereas TRM is a sporadic and reactive process. The latter does not consider the threats to a company’s objectives and it emerges from a specific event, requiring the management’s response. As a proactive methodology, ERM helps the corp
Regionalization is Draining the Local Economies Medical tourism has been made a necessity by the globalization concept, which has facilitated easier access to quality health care services from different parts of the world. Regionalization has also been influenced by the availability of more affordable services in different parts of the world, which makes it reasonable for people to access health care services in the emerging markets, rather than the expensive services in their local markets. However, the process of regionalization has been associated with the development of a pure form of capitalism in different economies where the private sector has taken charge of the health care system (Connell 1094). For instance, the private health care entities in the United States has the best healthcare services, but the associated entities charge very high, making it impossible for the middle and lower class people to access the quality services (Bookman and Bookman 23). Additionally, when similar services are offered in the developing economies at a significantly lower price, most people and companies are opting to pay for medical tourism that meeting the high costs in the local markets (Horowitz, Rosenweig, and Jones 33). This has ultimately led to a reduction in profits for the local health care facilities and revenue for the government. As more private entities enhance the quality and affordability of healthcare services across the region the local health care entities will face an exponential decline in health care consumers (Han and Hyun 23). It is apparent that as more consumers move to different nations to access health care services, there is a fiscal draining effect because the consumers are directing their savings to the regional markets instead of the local markets. Benefits and Limitations One of the main benefits of regionalization is the fact that local health care consumers can now access quality health care services at relatively lower prices. The fact that most of the health care providers with the best packages are private entities ensures that the quality of the services is exemplary. The regionalization process in health care services also implies that the health insurance companies will have to compete on the lines of prices with the regional companies, which will ultimately be beneficial for the consumers (Dimon par. 4). This implies that the cost of health care services and coverage will continue reducing simultaneously, which will have a positive effect on the health outcomes of the community. One of the limitations of the regionalization process is that it will result in stiff competition among the associated private entities in the business (Boucher par. 5). This will ultimately force the companies to apply the concept of economies of scale to realize higher profits. Further Potential for Medical Tourism Medical tourism is a concept that will continu
“ Cinderella is a 1950 American animated film produced by Walt Disney … based on the fairy tale “ Cinderella ” by Charles Perrault” ( Cinderella (1950 film) , n.d., para. 1). Even though Cinderella was created in the 1950s and the ideas and the story behind the fairytale movie came from that time it is still reproduced nowadays with the latest replica made in 2015. This shows that although the world has changed and it has become more open, the stereotypical ideas shown still exist. Cinderella’s mother died when she was young. She lived with her father who later got married to a widow because he thought that Cinderella needed a mother. After his death, a girl was treated badly by her stepmother and stepsisters. She was forced to do all the housework. One day every maiden in the village was invited to attend a ball held at the king’s castle aimed at winning the prince’s heart and getting married to him. Because of the jealousy her stepmother had to Cinderella’s beauty and her desire to marry one of her daughters to the Prince, she did not allow Cinderella to attend the ball. However, Cinderella’s fairy godmother helped her to attend the ball making her look stunning. As soon as she made it to the castle and entered the ballroom, the prince went directly to her and asked her for a dance. When the clock struck twelve, Cinderella had to leave because the spell was about to break. In a hurry, she lost her glass slipper. The prince searched the whole town for the lady who would fit the shoe. He finally found Cinderella, they got married and lived happily ever after. In Cinderella the cartoon, cultural values of that epoch are portrayed, namely beauty, marriage, romantic love, social status, and prestige. First of all, throughout the story one can trace strong presence of the so-called beauty myth. According to it, women should be judged “in terms of physical appearances” (Macionis, 2011, p. 300) rather than inner beauty. As seen in the movie, when Cinderella’s look is ruined by her stepsisters, her stepmother states, “Good heavens, child, you can’t go in that” (Walt Disney, 1950). This phrase emphasizes how girls are obliged to look good. More emphasis on beauty is portrayed when Cinderella’s fairy godmother transformed her into a princess, and Cinderella mentioned, “It is more than what I have ever hoped for” (Walt Disney, 1950). That shows that looking good is the only thing that matters to girls, and nothing else is important. Another example is when Cinderella entered the castle and the guards stared at her showing that even the unimportant characters with low status admired Cinderella’s beauty. Furthermore, beauty is exaggerated when the prince goes directly to Cinderella as soon as she sets foot in the ballroom and asks her for a dance and falls in love with her and wants to marry her, although he does not know her neither does he know her na
Introduction The modern international system, states compete for economic and political power for them to be considered superpowers. Polarity is a term used in foreign policy analysis to refer to the centre of power meaning that a state must possess certain features to be powerful. Scholars of foreign policy observe that a state must be able to influence the global society politically, diplomatically, economically, culturally, militarily, and technologically for it to be accepted as a superpower. Before the First World War, there were various centres of power, including Russia, Japan, the United States and Britain. During this time, the international system was characterized by multi-polarity. Only two centres of power emerged after the Second World War, a situation referred to as bipolarity. The Cold War brought a number of changes because it led to the emergence of only a single centre of power, which was the United States. The Soviet Union was disintegrated after the changes that were Gorbachev introduced in early 1990s (Atkinson 884). Recently, the international system is characterized by multi-polarity, but only economically because the US still dominates politically, culturally, militarily, technologically, and diplomatically. China, India, Russia, and Brazil are the emerging economies that pose a serious challenge to other developed economies, such as the United States, Japan, France, and Britain. These countries are referred to as the BRICS. The BRIC countries are developing at a very high rate economically, but a majority of them are still lagging behind in terms of cultural and political development. In these countries, political reforms are never allowed because the state controls state resources. In China, the state owns all major investments whereby an individual is the property of the state. The article analyzes the capability of the BRIC countries in terms of influencing the global affairs. In the article, it is noted that the countries have managed to influence economic issues, but not diplomatic and political. Demographical Comparison (Data) China released the 2010 census report in April, which shocked very many people in the world. The media focused on the getting old before it gets rich theme, which is related to the iniquitous policy proving that an individual should have just a single child due to inadequate resources. The policy was put in place sometimes back owing to the population pressure, which placed a lot of pressure to the government regarding provision of basic needs, such as education, security, healthcare, food, and many more. Even though China is showing a good economic prosperity, it has a serious problem that is related to population. However, population is not a curse to the Chinese government as is the case in other places, such as Africa (Lankhuizen 1402). Therefore, the population p
Colonialism confronts simple definition, for its usage has tended to reflect changing moral judgments. In the late 1800s, the term was applied only to colonies of white settlers and was used in either of two ways, both morally neutral, a trait characteristic of such colonies, and the political status of a dependency as distinct from the metropolis or another sovereign state. Actually, the term colonialism rarely was used in the sense of a colonial system. Its later usage resulted from its adoption as part of the verbal ammunition of the age of decolonization. In this, it suffered the fate of “imperialism,” which after 1900 was adopted by critics of European expansion to serve ideological purposes and used imprecisely to suggest both the annexation of territories and their subsequent state of subordination, in each case to serve the economic interests of the capitalist powers of Europe and North America. By the mid of 1900s, colonialism also began to be used in this derogatory sense. (Doctrines on colonialism 1) The two terms were gradually refined and distinguished. Whereas “imperialism” came to indicate the dynamics of European empire-building and, for Marxists, the special character of the capitalist societies that acquired empires, “colonialism” described the resultant complex of political and economic controls imposed on dependencies. Colonialism, therefore, must now be taken to denote the colonial system in its post-expansionist phase, with the implication that it constituted a system of controls that was constructed by the imperial powers to subordinate and exploit their dependencies. (Singh 1) Let’s take a view of the history of Colonization the special feature common to most modern colonial systems was that dependencies were geographically separated from their metropolis, although they remained under some degree of imperial control. The only power of which this was not true was Russia, whose “colonies” stretched without a break from its territory in Europe to the borders of India and to the Bering Strait. Although contiguous, these outlying provinces were true colonial dependencies; for they had been distinct ethnic and economic units with which Russia’s initial relations were those of conqueror or colonizer. (Johnston 2-5) The Russian Empire provides a conceptual bridge between the modern colonial empires and other territorial empires at earlier periods, most of which was continental and contiguous to the metropolis. Most of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Central and South America at one time fell under the authority
Introduction Ageing comes with many challenges and if not properly managed, it may turn chaotic. People need to anticipate and plan for ageing for it is inevitable, whether planned for or not. Amongst these challenges are retirement benefits; something that Canada will grapple with in near future if drastic measures are not taken. Older people are mostly depressed; however, there are certain things that could bring satisfaction to this group of important people in society. There have been cases of assisted suicide amongst older people and even other groups of people; however, this has raised several ethical concerns. Nevertheless, death is the ultimate event in one’s life. Death is a psychological event and this is why Kubler-Ross deeply analyses the stages involved in dying process. This paper addresses aging issues running from retirement benefits in Canada, through satisfaction in old people and assisted suicide to Kubler-Ross model for the psychological processes of dying. Discussion In contemporary Canada, there is an impeding crisis in senior citizens benefits. The crisis is that the Citizens Benefits might not be in a position to pay every retiree appropriately. This crisis is inevitable for one simple reason; the number of potential retirees will surpass the number of tax-paying workers in the near future. This fact owes it roots to ageing baby boomers. According to Bender, “In about 10 years, Canada may have more people at the age where they can leave the labour force than people at the age where they can begin working” (Para. 4). This means that, the Citizens Benefit would not have enough money to compensate retirees hence the crisis. Unfortunately, there are no many options to obviate this impeding crisis; however, concerned authorities might think of encouraging workers to defer their retirement age. Institutions should consider offering more working hours and come up with restyled pension plans that address the impeding crisis. Older people would also think of investing in private businesses to supplement their retirement benefits. As aforementioned, depression is a major problem amongst older people; fortunately, there are treatment therapies to deal with this disorder. Commonly used treatment strategies are medication and psychotherapy; they can be used individually or as a combination. The available medicines antidepressants like celexa, prozac, luvox, and paxil among others. On the other side, commonly used psychotherapies are, “cognitive-behavioural therapy, supportive psychotherapy, problem-solving therapy and interpersonal therapy” (Alexopoulos, Katz, Reynolds & Ross 5). Nevertheless, prevention is better than cure and depression in older people could be prevented by, realizing early symptoms, engaging in support and socialization groups, volunteering in different activities to keep mind busy, exercising, maintaining good diet and finding new hobbies. If old