ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Managing risks is an essential part of being a company leader; consequently, the latter often needs to make the choices that determine the further shape that an organization is going to take, including the expansion opportunities. As a result, the need to use the frequency distribution, as well as the analysis of the existing probabilities and the identification of the expected value. Although both the idea of choosing a real estate development and the concept of evolving as a retain franchise for Just Hats seem quite legitimate suggestions for the following integration into the global market, one must admit that some of the risks that the latter option involves allow suggesting that the real estate industry will be more favorable for the organization as far as the company’s returns are concerned. Despite the fact that the real estate related option poses quite a tangible threat to the future of the company in general, as it presuppose acquiring a zero income in the worst case scenario, the overall expected value of the real estate exceeds the one that the company will retrieve if it decides to create a franchise. An estimated value of the real estate related solution is clearly larger than the one of the real franchise with Just Hats, the correlation between the two being approximately 1.17 (the real estate value amounting to $3,100,000, whereas the real franchise reaches only $2,650,000, as the calculations provided in Appendix A show). One must bear in mind, though, that the option involving the real estate business has only beaten the alternative by a very narrow margin. Indeed, a closer look at the subject matter will show that the difference in the outcomes makes only 14%. To be more exact, the $450,000, which entering the retail industry is different from the franchise option by, is a rather small percentage, which can be considered a minor advantage of the specified option, seeing that it involves greater risks (Derkinderen & Crum, 2012). With the franchise created with Just Hats, even in the worst case scenario, there is a positive outcome; specifically, the company obtains a $1,000,000 income even in the instance of a low NPV. Entering in the real estate domain, in its turn, may result in gaining nothing, seeing that the estimated value for the above-mentioned outcome makes $0 according to the existing conditions. Herein the key problem regarding the choice lies; the organization may face the situation, in which its PV will be reduced to zero at some point. Nevertheless, the choice that presupposes entering the real estate market seems to be the most legitimate one in the specified scenario. To succeed, the company will have to create a unique marketing strategy and a set of strong corporate values, the organization will be capable of putting a rather solid promotion campaign together; as a result, the firm will e
Gennifer Choldenko is an American writer, a winner of Newbery Honour Award and the author of many popular books for teenagers, children and young adults. Gennifer Choldenko’s novel called “Al Capone Does My Shirts” consists of many deep themes and stories, for an attentive reader this work would be extremely exciting to explore, as the author brings out many interesting and important social topics in it. The events described in the novel take place during the period of the Great Depression, at the Alcatraz Island, when Alcatraz was a federal prison for many well known criminals (Al Capone Does my Shirts, par. 7). The main themes that are being raised in the novel are the problem of adjustment to a new society, the difficulties a family has to face having a mentally disabled child, eternal teenage urge for freedom, independence and curiosity for breaking the rules, first attraction between two adolescents of opposite sex, the ability of bad people create positive impacts. After finishing this novel I have come to several conclusions. One of them is that a human being, especially a young one, is able to adjust to many changes. Even if in the beginning the changes are unpleasant and the person rejects them, eventually they will adopt the new lifestyle and embrace all aspects of it. Another conclusion that came to my mind is that if a person or group of people is persistent and keeps trying to achieve a certain goal, the goal will be achieved, besides, a group effort is always better and more effective. The characters of “Al Capone Does My Shirts” learn to always stick together (Masanz, par. 5). The ending of the story suggests more than one outcome. The author creates a mystery and, apparently, wants the readers to make up their own minds about what exactly helped sol
Three Stages of a Great Essay There is no way to get through school without writing an essay. Writing a great essay is a much easier task once you know the basic requirements of a great essay. Every great essay has the same basic format. The three stages for writing a good essay are:  1. Think.  2. Write.  3. Edit. Writing a great essay is that simple. In the first stage, think about what the topic should be or what the assigned topic is. Spend a few minutes brainstorming all the ideas you can come up with on that topic. Write them down. Next, you should come up with a brief outline of what your ideas were from the thinking stage. For each idea come up with some points that you would like to expand upon. Every great essay has a strong thesis statement. A thesis statement tells readers what you are writing about and the point you will be making about your topic. The writing stage consists of writing the body, the introduction, and the conclusion, in that order. Write paragraphs for each of the points you will be making. These are the ideas that you came up with and put into your outline. Always write the introduction after you have written the body of your great essay. The thesis statement is part of the introduction. The conclusion sums up what you wrote in your great essay but says it differently, so you are not just repeating what you have already said. Now for the final stage, editing. It is best to edit a great essay after you have put it away for a while and then come back to it. Some of the main things to look for are;   * Spelling and grammar errors.   * Are the margi
Pieces of art left from the earlier epochs can provide a lot of information about the contemporary society, its inherent values, beliefs and conflicts. The present paper is intended to discuss and interpret a drawing from the Darktown Banjo Class Series entitled “Off the Key” and attributed to the period of Reconstruction, an uneasy and difficult epoch, marked with the appearance of revolutionary social and political movements. The artwork was published by Currier & Ives Company, famous for its sharp and sarcastic caricatures, which depicted contemporary social conflicts with great precision. Similarly to the other items of the Darktown Comics, “Off the Key” was created by artist Thomas Worth (1834-1917). As Le Beau assumes, “African American stereotypes that still exist today were begun here – the connection of African Americans to music, in Darktown specifically of banjo playing, and of their supposed eating habits […]”. “Off the Key” depicts a group of African Americans, three man and two women, playing banjo and singing. All of them are dressed in quite garish clothes: for instance, one of the male banjo players is wearing green jacket and trousers with pink strips, one of the women has a dress with yellow ornament and blue shoes on. Such combination of colors is to great extent unexpected and does not comply with the traditional norms of harmonious matching. The musicians seem embarrassed and dismayed by something, as their eyes and mouths are opened wide. The dominant chromatic of the artwork is hot , the general tone is light brown. All colors are saturated and matted, but there are signs of discoloration on the drawing. The scene is pictured on the light brown background, and the musicians look like five bright spots, as each of them is depicted in different colors as compared to the others. In particular, the man on the left in dressed in green and pink, his neighbor pink and red, another woman in yellow and blue, the next man in the dark blue and brown, and the man on the right – in brown and red. The complimentarity between ornaments is even more unusual, as stripped trousers on one of the musicians are followed by checkered suit and spotted dress on the others. It also needs to be noted that the gamma employed in this artwork is not actually rich, as there are no half-tints or shadows so that the drawing does look one-dimensional. In the present artwork, one can notice predominantly irregular shapes, which can be found in the nature. The characters are portrayed in regular human proportions; however, one of the musicians has unnaturally long legs and huge feet. Moreover, it needs to be noted that the shape of their skulls do not fully resemble human, due to pear-like heads and disproportionately large noses, covering approximately one fourth of the faces. Lines are used to create these complex shapes and to direct the viewer’s attention to the
Introduction Evolutionary psychology has long been a dominant approach for describing and explaining the mating preferences of females. It places emphasis on the idea that women pay more attention to a male’s status, his ability to provide resources to the family, the income of this person or his education. More importantly, evolutionary psychology implies that women’s mating strategies and preferences are not strongly affected by culture. In my opinion, this theory does not fully account for the behavior of women. In particular, it does not explain why women choose to end their relationship with a partner. Furthermore, evolutionary framework does not account for the existing of cross-sex friendships. In this literature review, I would like to discuss empirical studies that examine attraction, changing preferences of women, and their values. These studies are primarily based on the use of interviews and surveys. These are the main themes that should be explored. Overall, many researchers believe that women’s mating strategies cannot be fully attributed only to the forces of evolution. Values Overview of the theme One of the issues that should be discussed is the values of women. Special attention should be paid to the way in which these values can change with time passing. Secondly, it is important to remember that values can be dependent on cultural background of a person. The thing is that they are closely related to mating decisions of women. Evolutionary account of female mating strategies cannot account why females can leave their partners, even if their socio-economic status has not changed. Subtheme: the change of values and the end of relationship In their article, Nasrin Abedinia et al (2012) examine the factors that contribute to divorce. One of the goals is to understand the circumstances that prompt a person to end a relationship with his/her spouse (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 65). Their study involved the use of the structured interview, and researchers and the sample included 300 participants who were both males and females (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 65). According to the findings of these researchers, women are more likely to consider divorce when their partners cannot meet their psychological needs (Abedinia et al, 2012, p. 69). For instance, one can mention the need for self-esteem. This is they may leave their mating partner. Similar findings have been derived by Oluyemi Stephens (2012) who also examines the perceived causes of divorce. This research was based on the interview of family counselors who worked with couples or divorced individuals (Stephens, 2012, p. 115). The sample of the study included 150 counselors (Stephens, 2012, p. 115). The results of this research indicate that the change of socio-economic status is not the only reason why women want to divorce. For example, they refer to the difference in perception of gender roles and lack of comm
Business leaders, entrepreneurs and strategists all over the globe have, since the past decade, paid close attention to impending challenges related to acute market competition and relatively slow growth in established markets. This has made a number of these entrepreneurs increase their focus on emerging markets, and subsequently reconsider the potential of emerging and least established markets. As a CEO of a multinational company, there is need to formulate sound policies that will keep the firm competitive in all aspects. To stay ahead of competitors, there is need for multinational companies to broaden their markets by exploiting new markets in regions that are less competitive. These markets are often found not only in the least established economies, but also in emerging ones (Reddy, 2011). This essay seeks to examine the issue of multinationals exploiting the ‘bottom of the pyramid’. In addition, the paper seeks to discuss the justification of multinational exploitation of the emerging markets. According to Hart (2005), ‘bottom of the pyramid’ is a market that comprises of individuals who live below a dollar a day. These are persons who are trapped in the vicious cycles of poverty. A good number of this population resides in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. The cardinal principle behind ‘bottom of the pyramid’ asserts that the rational way to address the needs of this vulnerable populace is through a market based approach that is profit driven (Sen, 2001). In the contemporary society, firms tend to accrue more benefits by choosing to provide goods and services to markets that are both underserved and less competitive at the ‘bottom of the pyramid’. In the same breath, the poor also benefit from this move as poverty levels are reduced, productivity is increased and the general populace is empowered. As a CEO of a multinational that aims to stay ahead of its competitors, exploiting all opportunities in ‘bottom of the pyramid’ market segment is important. This can be attained with much ease by devising solutions such as new market products or new models that will be able to provide products and services at affordable prices (Guo & Chen, 2012). To be sustainable, the adopted approach needs to advocate for a win-win situation. In other words, both the company and the general population need to benefit. In the recent past, most companies failed to consider persons living below a dollar a day as potential clients mainly because of their meager incomes. However, as a CEO of a multinational, I have come to devise ways that are profitable to the firm through rethinking of our operational models. By adopting feasible models, my firm has not only seized robust opportunities, but has also positioned itself well for the future (Lozi & Al-Ziod, 2011). From the above discussion, it is apparent that the market at the ‘bottom of the pyramid’ is a robust ground that firms can embrace and incre
Abstract The given paper presents itself as a strategic posture of Boeing Company. It incorporates the basic aspects of these companys functioning and revolves around the opportunities for the further rise. The work describes the companys overall direction and the major corporate strategies that are needed to attain outlined goals and contribute to the improved outcomes. Furthermore, the parenting strategy peculiar to the company is also investigated in terms of the given paper. Altogether, Boeings main aspects of strategic planning are discussed and analyzed. At the end of the paper, conclusions related to planning and the further actions needed to improve the companys functioning are given. Finally, different types of strategies that are implemented are also discussed and researched in the given paper. Strategy Posture for Boeing At the moment, Boeing could be described as a leading company that is focused on the manufacturing of aircraft and its supplies to different countries all over the world. The company has stable incomes and revenues that come from the unique popularity of the brand, high quality of its products, and efficient strategy. Besides, several aspects should be analyzed to evaluate its current corporative strategy. First, the firms directional strategy could be considered stable and oriented towards its gradual growth. Boeing devotes significant sums to create new facilities and improve its functioning. The company also sponsors the creation of new aircraft (“Boeing overview”, n.d.). Additionally, because the rapid growth of technologies preconditions the increased demands for security and technological equipment, Boeing also tries to diversify its product lines to hold its leading positions in the market and preserve the high level of interest to its aircraft. Moreover, there are no signs of a decrease in the companys level of activities or bankruptcy. Boeing remains a profitable manufacturer of aircraft characterized by great perspectives and tendencies towards further growth. Besides, the markets in which the company competes are characterized by a high level of rivalry as there are suggestions from other companies that also manufacture aircraft. For this reason, Boeings strategy is also focused on the acquisition of a certain competitive advantage needed to win the rivalry and conquer the market. Continuing the investigation of the given sphere, it is also vital to consider other peculiarities of the market such as the threat of new entrants, risk of substitution, bargaining power of buyers and suppliers. Applying these concepts to the aircraft market, one could admit the complexity of its functioning and perspectives that could be explored by any actor. However, the given task is complicated by the existence of numerous rivals that also want to obtain incomes. Furthermore, the companys parenting strategy could also be characterized by its unique efficiency. It constantly coordinates activities and transfers to cultivate capabilitie
Globalization is a process of international linkages between countries in the world in terms of cultural, political, and economic networks. Various parts of the world find themselves not only affected by events happening many miles away, but they also tend to intervene in those events where they can, to avoid such negative effects. Globalization of the international economy is the linking of international markets through social and infrastructural networks that make it operate as one big market. The process involves the cutback and elimination of controls between national and regional borders to simplify the movement of goods, capital, services, and labor. This enables mutual trade between countries in diverse regions to go on in increased intensity and higher volumes being traded. Globalization during 1800-1914 involved the search for raw materials for industries in Europe and other parts of the world. This leads to the transfer of capital, knowledge, people in form of migration and slave trade, and transfer of commodities. During this period, the flow of goods, services people and capital moved from continent to continent and lead to integration. In 1914, the First World War broke out undermining globalization. Trade- The main utilities of this international trade enhancement are improved physical infrastructure and transport systems such as shipping, air transport, and road and rail networks. Between 1800 and 1914, trades among continent, s grew and was supported by the construction of Suez Canal and the successful usage of steam ship. The steam ships helped to reduce the transportation costs. There was a construction of railway especially in Europe and their colonies. Capital flow – Europe was a source of capital during these periods. Most regions, which had access with a Europe capitals developed quickly. Countries like Australia, Japan, Canada, USA, Argentina and Brazil had great development because capital from Europe. Continents like Africa experienced capital inflow from Europe especially in the construction of communication and transport networks. Britain was the largest exporter of capital followed by German respectively. It is estimated that the three countries had 75% of total capital outflow. Britain exported 42% of the total capital (Maddison 1995: 65). Migration – During this period people migrated between continents and this period there was no restriction of movement of from various continents. Movement took place as slave trade immigration. People from Africa were taken to Americas as slaves while people from Europe, Americas, and Asia moved to other parts of the world to settle, look for raw materials, and offer labour. Those who moved were looking for a greener pastures. Though colonialism and slavery have long since been abandoned as social systems, Christianity continued to play a role in driving forward mostly western capitalist ideals despite the fact that it was originally a Middle East religion. Trade in knowledge- In the United kingdom there was a law for forbidding the emigration of skilled people. However, this was to repealed and skilled people moved to different parts of the world
Generally, academic writing is a scholarly literature covering any topic and organized by the author(s) from an authoritative point of view (Kumar, 2010). In any field, academic writing should have an objective or purpose of writing, a clear explanation of the topic, well organized and have referenced or supported ideas from other scholarly works. In organization leadership, academic writing is used to convey a body of information about particular subjects with target audiences comprising of the managers, employees and labor unions amongst others (Martin, 2008). The question of what an academic paper must meet in this field has remained a subject of debate since there is a wider scope of topics to be covered. However, the primary requirements such as the purpose of the writing, ideological or rational explanation of issues, proper structure, and a detailed explanations of the findings are necessary to prevent other scholars from coming up with replicated results. Commonly used primary Media by writers in in this field are the print media, namely, books, journals, and newspapers. Other common characteristics of scholarly writing in this field include use of economic theories, economic models, economic assumptions, and mathematical analysis of data (Daft & Marcic, 2010). Commonly used rhetoric structures include symbolic motives, value language, narratives, and statistical or quantitative explanation of findings (Mary & Debra, 2009). In order to give a better understanding of this topic, the author chose to analyze an example of an academic writing in organizational leadership. The article was titled “ Fringe Benefits on Employee Compensation ” and was written by Arleen Leibowitz and published by the University of Chicago Press. In the scholarly writing under analysis, the purpose of the text was clearly brought out. From the topic, we understand that the text specifically discuses the remuneration or compensation of an organization’s employees. In the introduction, Leibowitz (1983) explains that in most organizations, employees are remunerated using money wages i.e. employees are remunerated using money but subject to the time spent in the workplace. He further explains that employees received other fringe benefits such as insurance covers and other allowances. The author seems not to like these forms of compensation and therefore moves ahead to criticize them by referring to well thought out models and economic theories. This text has a proper structure and used argumentative ideas to communicate the intended message. For instance, in the introductory bit, Leibowitz gave a brief narrative on the structure of the paper. He explained that section 11.2 used a simple model to explain the division in remuneration between benefits and wages, section 11.3 dwelt on findings of the BLS survey conducted in 1972, section 11.4 gave a description on HIS data, and section 11.5.1 a comparison between the HIS data and the national sample. The author used the wage benefit theory and other economic models to support his arguments on the topic. He used the labor market model to critically analyze the gains that an employee should