ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Germaine Greer books reflect issues affecting women artists. She is a feminist writer who explores the works of female painters. She looked at the contribution female painters have achieved. In her book, The Obstacle Race , Greer analyses the works and destiny of women artists. She keenly observes why women have not excelled in the field of art. The author points at such issues like social, economic and gender factors as the main cause of women oppression in every aspect of their lives. Greer points out that for women to achieve their true excellence, they have to fight the conventional roles society imposed on them (Nochlin 30). Greer notes that a fundamental obstacle to progress of women is the institution of family. Whereas one should get all the support from family, it is ironical to observe that it is the family which is destroying women’s career in arts as well as other fields. Greer gives Marietta as an example. Marietta’s father jealously guarded her to the point of destroying her talent. Though Marietta was a highly gifted artist, there are extremely few traces of her paintings left. Female artists also faced obstacles from potential lovers. These men presented obstacles to prosperity of women artists. Greer uses a character like Frida, whose works and life Diego significantly influenced negatively. The relationships lead to termination of the development and prosperity of female painters as they take the roles of a wife and mother. Greer laments the loss of arts done by female artists. She writes that society’s physical neglect of women painting is worse than cultural vandalism. Greer symbolically equates this to a form of rape. She keeps on referring to neglected oeuvre, which is slowly disappearing. Greer alludes to names, which can longer be remembered. Society considers women painting as non significance leading to their disappearance. This is how the vital part of women’s heritage is missing in history. Greer demonstrates that women painters who the society gave praise also ended up worse. Excessive praises lead to confinement of women artists. The society saw womanly arts as the solution to those qualities of arts rejected in men’s work. Their paintings failed to survive changing times in history and tastes. People thought that some painting done by women were the works of men. The
Introduction Conscientious objection to participating in war and violence has a long history, and tracing it from a Christian perspective is important for a considerable number of reasons. First of all, the New Testament emphasizes a strong pacifist message, as in “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God” (Matthew 5:9) and many other cases. Secondly, the histories of pacifism and Christianity are closely interwoven because there is no record of “non-vocational conscientious objection to participation in war” before the Christian era. 1 Other religions, such as Hinduism, had bans on violence, but only vocational and conditional – the Brahmins could not participate in war but were free to support it. Finally, the history of Christian pacifism is closely linked to major theological problems, such as balancing one’s allegiance to God and to earthly authorities or shifting from Judaic henotheism to Christianity’s universal message. Despite numerous arguments raised against it, Christian pacifism persisted throughout time and remains even more important today than it was in many previous ages. War and the Old Testament There is no denying that the Old Testament contains a great number of wars, both victorious and unfortunate for the Israelites, and that God’s chosen people are no less militant than their many neighbors. The God of the Old Testament is also militant in the sense that He recognizes the reality of war and does not shy away from guiding His chosen people through fighting when He deems necessary. There are instances when God is directly referred to through His martial qualities, as in “The Lord is a warrior; the Lord is His name” (Exodus 15:3). God also does not shy away from commanding the utter destruction of certain polities up to slaughtering all of the captured cattle. For example, God not only commands Saul to attack the Amalekites but also orders to “totally destroy all that belongs to them” (1 Samuel 15:3). The God of the Old Testament is not above ordering His chosen people to wage war or doing so with considerable prejudice. With this in mind, there are ground to interpret this representation of the Lord as mil
Introduction School leadership is now a priority issue in all schools around the world. As focus shifts on schooling and school results, leadership is now a mandatory issue of concern not only in Australian schools, but in all schools around the world (Pont, Nusche & Moorman, 2008). Nevertheless, school leadership is influenced by the various educational policy reforms that have been initiated in the recent years. Some of these policies include changes in school governance, standardized tests, school funding arrangements, use of ICT in schools, and equity and social justice. These policy reforms have, to a greater extent, influenced school leadership especially in Australian public schools. Over the recent years, there have been shifts on policy concerning school governance in Australia towards devolution. But how has these governance changes impacted on school leadership? In this paper, I have tried to investigate the impact of school governance on school leadership. My paper presents an analysis of the various governance changes that have occurred in Australian schools since 1960s and culminates into a discussion on how the current school governance system have impacted or is likely to impact on school leadership. Defining school leadership and governance Before I engage deeper in this discussion, I will start by defining the two important concepts; leadership and governance. Leadership and governance are not new concepts. The terms have been used in institutions, organizations and even in schools. Leadership and governance are two closely related, but different concepts as will be seen shortly. Leadership is a relative term with no clear definition. In this regard, Cuban (1988) stated that, despite there being more than 350 definitions of leadership, explicit understanding as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders is still lacking (p. 190). Cuban (1988) defines leadership in the context of schools to refer to “people who bend the motivations and actions of others to achieving certain goals; it implies taking initiatives and risks” (p. 193). In simple terms, leadership is more concerned with influencing people’s attitudes and motivations towards achieving certain goals. I will thus define school leadership to involve influencing teachers’ and students’ motivations, behaviours and attitudes towards achieving high academic performance. As we have seen in our schools, leadership is primarily the responsibility of school principals/head teachers. School principals thus have to play administrative and managerial in addition to their role as practicing teachers. In most cases, the word leadership is used interchangeably with management and administration in school context (Pont et al., 2008). However, these three words are different. While leadership involves influencing other people’s attitudes and behaviours, management is more concerned with maintaining current processes
Introduction Chester’s work in this article centers on the fact the American use of attrition strategy in the American – Vietnam War was a failure. There are several arguments that the author uncovers to substantiate this claim. There are several aspects of his arguments that are effective. First, the operations of the US based troops were not unified in their patterns such that they could only attain the same end through a difficult experience. This was contributed by lack of territorial objectives and frontier lines which consequently led the soldiers into cynicism and frustration. Attrition only encouraged military operations that were not properly coordinated which could only end up in demand for additional US soldiers and requirements for their use. This was mainly experienced between 1965 and 1967. Main Body Second, the Vietnamese had a seemingly better strategy compared to the American’s attrition. This was manifested in two main ways. One is that, they had organized themselves in such a manner that their battle with the American troops were not frequent. This confused the American troops such that when the Vietnamese soldiers seized the opportunity, they could get their enemies unawares and consequently frustrate their attrition strategy. The other way is that, while the American soldiers used attrition through missions that entail searching and destroying, their opponents could attack populated zones. However, when the American soldiers attempted countersurgency attacks, the repercussions were devastating to the environment, refugees and other non-targeted individuals. This shows how the strategy employed by the American troops did not achieve the desired end but instead caused unwanted harm resulting to more casualties. This evidence refuting the use of attrition by the American troops indicate that the strategy was ineffective and as such, it gave their enemies a leeway to capitalize on it and intensify the combat. In defending the fact that attrition was not a strategy at all to the American troops, Chester presents other evidence that is not only superfluous, but also unconvincing. A good example is where the author points out that a greater percentage of the war reports shed more light on how the US forces were fighting and the rather genuine reports from the government of South Vietnam were dismissed. By doing this, the media journalists imagined that they were feeding the audience with relevant information. Whereas this may point out to the fact that the journalists were trying to conceal the defeat that the American soldiers had suffered due to using an incoherent strategy (attrition), this is not brought out as the main reason for the journalists’ reporting style. Therefore, it may not be a solid ground or evidence for the fail of attrition as a battle strategy by the American troops. The journalists may have be
There are various opinions with regard to the story “A Good Man Is Hard to Find.” The varying opinions mostly revolve around the grandmother’s act of reaching out to touch the Misfit. The most dominant opinion though is that the grandmother’s final deed was graceful, thereby implying that “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” was penned by the author to depict a gradual change in the grandmother as the story progresses. Initially, the grandmother appeared to be more concerned about looking like a good Christian than striving to be one. This is illustrated by her selfish desire to head to Tennessee instead of Florida and, more importantly, by her efforts to protect her own life, regardless of the fact that her family members continued to loose their lives while she watched. This was even made worse by the fact that if she had remained silent, none of them would have been met their fate like they did. Eventually, she came to understand that she has not led a decent life and therefore decided to get in touch with her persecutor, the Misfit, in her last act. This “epiphany” is similar to that of the grandmother’s newly found salvation. Even though she does not succeed, her desperate effort have a profound impact on the Misfit, who subsequently says that through experiencing relentless violence, she would have turned out to be a decent lady had someone shot her on daily basis (O’Connor 142). The second opinion with regard to the aforementioned matter is that the grandmother’s last deed was in fact not a charitable one and that she is yet again attempting to save her life. Some are of the opinion that the author Flannery O’Connor deploys the excuse to serve as the grandmother’s last gracious occasion to redeem the story from the horrific series of bloodshed as well as violence. It is noted that by the time the grandmother reached out to the Misfit, claiming that she was her mother, he spotted a shirt with Bailey’s emblazoned on it. In addition, there are other opinions that point out to the fact that it is either not in line with her character or that she was yet again attempting to rescue her life and that her self-centeredness remained intact in the whole story. The third opinion is that the grandmother is fraught with shortcomings but unlike the rest of her family members she attempts to be a decent person as she is respectful to her family members despite the fact that they ignore her at times. In addition, its noted that the grandmother was very crafty as she indirectly influences the children so that they may desire to go and visit the house they were not intended to, thus the author notes “she said craftily, not telling the truth but wishing that she were”. The grandmother thinks that to get anything she desires, she has to manipulate her family members, regardless of the fact that her conscience does not approve of it. The grandmother is the person charged with responsibility of meting out punishment
Introduction This analysis will review the efficacy of Clay Christensen’s milkshake analogy in marketing products that are commonly used by an average American. For this purpose the review will look at how the concept works in the marketing of a brand of dry cells ( Energizer batteries). In this regard, the basic functions of the product and why individuals would buy it, before applying the theories of Christensen’s analogy on it. Basic utility The Energizer brand of dry cells is commonly used to power small electronic gadgets such as digital cameras, flashlights, microphones, wall clocks and portable radios. Energizer Holdings, the company that manufactures the Energizer batteries, realized from a very early time that the buyers of dry cells usually go for the brand that will last the longest. With this knowledge in mind, they rolled out a marketing campaign that presents their products as one of the best in its line. The broadcast and print advertisements for the Energizer brand always emphasize the message that their batteries last longer than those manufactured by their competitors. Their main intention is to get the customer to view Energizer as the brand that gives them value for their money. Christensen’s approach and Energizer batteries Using Christensen’s milk-shake analogy, the job of Energizer batteries is to power the specific gadget that it has been installed in, so that the user can get the service he expects from the particular gadget. For instance, when used on a flashlight, the Energizer batteries are hired to provide the power needed to give illumination. Depending on the gadget being powered, the substitutions for Energizer are other brands of dry cells and main-grid electricity. Proper definition of the Energizer market will help the product increase its customer base by putting in place methods to attract individuals that have been using competing products/substitutions without taking into consideration the added benefits they can get. For instance, there are customers who purchase batteries to use in disposable cameras. These individuals are usually not interested in batteries that last longer than their disposable cameras and would, therefore, pick any brand to use they find in the shops. To target this particular market, Energizer holdings can come up with special batteries, which do not necessary last as long as those used in portable radios. These batteries can be branded Energizer Light and should be mainly indicated for usage in light photography. Re-marketing the product will create a new market segment for the Energizer brand of batteries. This wil
There are currently about 1.5 billion Muslims who consider Muhammad as the reliable messenger of God and link to divinity. After the bombing of twin towers, there have been a lot of negative publications about Prophet Muhammad. They depict Muhammad is a polygamist who started a religion that does not value women, and it embraces violence. He has been likened to Osama bin Laden. In fact, one of his portraits shows that he has hidden a bomb under his turban. A lot of violence has been linked with Islam leaving the non-Muslim in search of information about this religion. Dr. Safi a professor of Islamic studies recognizes that Prophet Muhammad is the center of all the confusion. He has written this book to aid the Muslim and non-Muslim understand his impact on Muslim religion. This essay will support the thesis that, Islam is about dignity and obedience to God, not oppression of women, extremism or terrorism. Mohammad was born at a time when communities worshipped idols rather than God. Most of their common practices revolved around superstition. Muhammad was sent by God to teach the people his will. The reason why people needed to obey God is to have an everlasting life in paradise. His ultimate message to mankind was that, there exists a supreme being with great authority and immense power. The author emphasizes the necessity of obeying and worshiping God, when he says “After birth we envision God to be improved edition of ourselves, then the provider of comfort and all that is absent in our lives. Later we see him as a sovereign being, afterwards we discover that God is Love and magnificent” (174). In addition to that, he says, “One needs to know God to understand life”(76). This emphasizes that humans cannot realize their purpose on earth, unless they seek God. “Regarding women, Muhammad said that of all the precious things in the world, there is non that is precious as a righteous woman” (205). Muhammad did not regard women any less than men. This is shown when he said that if a woman obeyed God’s law, such as praying five times a day and fasting in the month of Ramadan, she can choose to enter heaven, in whichever door she likes. These are the same requirements a man needs to fulfill in order to get to heaven. He also urges men to protect women, because if they do so, they would end up in heaven with Muhammad. Some of the Muslims have been associated with acts of terror. They claim that Muhammad teaches violence and spread of terror. During Mohammad’s lifetime, he was exiled and mocked. Even one of his neighbors used to throw rubbish on him every day in the morning. Over and over again he forgave his persecutors, even when he had the opportunity to revenge, for example, when Mecca was conquered. The relationship between Muhammad and the neighbor who used to throw rubbish at him changed for the better, after realizing the prophet’s kindness and concern. When she failed to throw rubbish on Mohammad one day, the prophet went up to see if everything was alright. The woman was touched by Muhammad’s care and, she became one of his followers. “This clearly demonstrates that Mohammad had no hatred for his enemies instea
Work is the place where people spend most of their time. Coming there early in the morning and leaving late in the evening, many people work at night and spend weekends there trying to achieve results. Work is the way to become financially independent and successful for many people, others consider work as the way to enjoy the things they like. Anyway, different people have various values in the workplace. As for me, I consider motivation, result and healthy environment in the workplace as the greatest values. I can easily explain why I have such belief. Motivation should be one of the strongest values in the company. I am inclined to think that if people are not motivated accordingly, their working performance becomes lower, they fail some tasks, clients are dissatisfied and it brings to many specific problems which create additional complications for the company in the means of gaining profit. Highly motivated employees work better. They have better mood and all the work they perform they do with pleasure. There are different ways how employees may be motivated, financially, by career development, by means of the personal growth, and other specific conditions aimed at satisfying the employees’ needs. Therefore, motivating employees, it is possible to achieve better work performance and higher efficiency for the company. Result is another value which is to be considered. The desire to achieve result should be the primary purpose in the company. Working either individually or in team employees should spend much time on planning the possible outcome of the performance and working on the goal achievement. Result should be valued for many reasons. First of all, this is the main condition for getting income; second, result is the last stage of the task performance which is important. Employees should see what they have achieved. Third, result is one of the main measures of the working performance. It helps understand the efficiency of the working process, the competence of the employees and their interest in the work. Bringing value on a result, the employees show their interest in the company success. Finally, the healthy environment in the company should be highly valued. The healthy environment involves many specific measures and conditions aimed at achieving the only result, at making sure that all the employees are satisfied with the work and with the people they are surrounded with and at reducing negative feelings. The value of the healthy environment at the workplace shows that the company managers take care of their employees and want to make sure that the conflicts are absent. The companies with unhealthy working environment have many difficulties in work performance and result achieving. Healthy environment covers supportive relationships, successful ethical norms and legal behavior in the company. Therefore, it may be concluded that having various values, I highly appreciate the companies which appraise mo
Needs the business is meeting Within the playroom products and accessories industry, business magnitude of P’koloni is so wide and well organized that it would be very difficult for a new entrant into this industry to easily establish a niche or sway customers towards its new store. Thus, the company’s wide distribution network, large catchment of customers and customer loyalty meets the need for sustainability and profitability. Target Customers The target customers are retail businesses, private homes, children, and entertainment business that use the playroom products. Thus, customer loyalty in this industry is easily swayed towards the most cost effective store in terms of prices for its products. Despite the relatively crowded market, P’koloni has designed and integrated reliable and efficient in-house and external suppliers to ensure the flow of supplies for their products within and out of the US territory. Scope of the business The performance of the P’koloni within the expansive play station retail industry in the US is highly dependent on a buyer-power in terms of their purchasing power. Fortunately, the business has series of playroom products and furniture that serve the demands of its customers. Competitiveness of its products The Pottery Barn Kids and Land of Nod are the major competitors of P’koloni as a result of their large share of the play station industry market and wider distribution channels beyond P’koloni’s. However, through competitive pricing, strategic expansion, and planned diversification, the P’koloni Company has managed to establish as strong market niche despite the rivalry. The company’s products retail at prices below the average market price despite the high quality. Sense in the case study From the above reflection, it is evident that P’koloni Company has a great opportunity for expansion since the market is inclined to its advantage. For instance, its innovative approach to addressing consumer concerns and a well organized distribution network will ensure sustainable and rapid e