ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Popular Article Shuttle, A. (2020). A new kind of battery that removes carbon dioxide from the air? Sciworthy . Main Points The article describes a novel, potentially scalable carbon capture method that can help cut industrial greenhouse gas emissions. A key point addressed is the climate change effects of fossil fuel combustion that can be mitigated through carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration technologies. Existing methods are difficult to scale, energy inefficient, and designed for emissions with over 10% CO2 levels (Shuttle, 2020). The authors describe a battery built using a new technology – electro-swing-adsorption (ESA) – that traps and releases pure CO2 for storage in underground systems or reuse in other applications such as greenhouses. They explain that the device’s anode and cathode are built from carbon nanotubes and polymerized with quinone molecules, which, through the charge or discharge process, adsorb CO2 when reduced and release it when oxidized. The unique aspects of this battery include it is energy-efficient, durable, and scalable, can absorb or release trapped CO2 for storage, and economically feasible. Background Information Knowledge of greenhouse gases and how they trap solar radiation, making the planet habitable for all life, is required to understand this article. Background information by the reader about the human activities that cause shifts in atmospheric CO2, affecting climate and weather patterns, is also crucial. Knowledge of climate change-related increasing global temperatures, polar ice cap melting, catastrophic storms, wildlife species decline, and rising sea levels would help understand the need for carbon capture initiatives, including the new technology described in the article. Information The popular press article outlined the title of the original study reviewed and the authors’ names at the end. Also included were the institution to which the researchers are affiliated and the funding organization. The article also directly referred to the authors and the electro-swing absorption technology for carbon capture. With this information, it was possible to search the original scientific article on the web to further analyze the topic. Additional Information The article describes the battery’s carbon capture mechanism as an oxidation/reduction cycle that involves an alternating electrode charge or discharge process. I would like to see how gaining two electrons during reduction increases the selective absorptive capacity of the polyathraquinone cathode on charging. How is oxygen absorption by the quinone molecules avoided in this redox reaction? Also, the regeneration of the bound CO2 requires further explanation. Indicating the quinone intermediates formed by adding CO2 (carboxylation) would be useful. Does increasing the voltage level elevate the amount of CO2 produced by the battery? The authors state that the economic feasibility of the method has been demonstrated through financial analysis. According to Shuttle (2020), it wou
The American and Alaska natives have had a long cultural conflict with the white Europeans. A historical review of the mentioned population reveals how they were oppressed and disenfranchised. The cultural differences between the Natives and the white Europeans are historically described as a tradition against civilization. When the Europeans invaded America, they came from countries where people have already made immense progress in medical practices (Spector, 2009). On the other hand, the natives have never subscribed to modern medical practices. In general, cultural and communication problems have been the central focus of conflict between the Native Americans and white Europeans. The natives have always had trust issues when dealing with the white Europeans. Historical treaties between the two native communities and white Europeans were always dishonored. The white Europeans used tricks to unsettle natives from their lands, and this created intergenerational anger and grief. In this respect, the native communities perceived white-dominated health services as a strategy to exterminate their existence (Spector, 2009). There are several cultural and communication problems. The natives are not used to traditional medicine. Their culture greatly differs from that of modern people. Natives’ health is based on natural medicines. The preparation of medical remedies comes from the heart and care. There are no synthesized chemical ingredients, as everything that is used for treatment comes from the environment. Communication is another aspect of the medical care provided that has its misunderstandings. The expectance of such care from modern civilization comes with limits, as the “white” population does not understand the needs of the natives. The differences in communication come from the cultural beliefs that have been predominant for centuries. Native American’s communication style is often nonverbal. This means that the normal questions done by physicians are considered unnecessary. They view many questions as taboo and lack of respect. More so, they do not give out personal information and do not permit such to be written down in a notebook. The American and Alaska natives have been passing down information by word of mouth for many generations. One of the possible solutions is the acculturation and education in terms of intercultural understanding. The acknowledgment of traditions and beliefs is crucial in learning about native people. A point of contact, such as social programs, would ensure a common interest
Cormac Mc Carthy’s science fiction novel ‘The Road’ illustrates an eventful journey of an unnamed father and his young son. The background of the novel is a barren land in which an unexplained catastrophe has declined civilization and all life on earth. Existing creatures show their barbarous scavenging and destroy living things. The father and son feel ultimate destructiveness and total devastation. In the middle of the journey, they meet an old man named Ely, who suffers from blindness. In their conversation, the old man comments about the existence of God. The father says to his son; “there is no God and we are his prophets” (McCarthy 5). Through these words, author shows his struggle with the existence of god and it means that the existing sufferings and devastating atmosphere reveals the absence of a heavenly power. The father and his son or all human beings on the earth are mere prophets. The cursed people on this earth imagine or expect the arrival of an unknown savior. Father sees only the signs of mass destruction, unending sufferings, barrenness and fire which create fear and commotion. Through the question, father tries to show his fear about the existing darkness or gruesome. Cormac Mc Carthy presents the father and son as survivors who struggle to live in a land that has been abolished by fire. The father worries with severe cough and also afflicts with the fear about their life. Embalmed corpses displayed on the doorways of automobiles make agony and horror into the minds of the father and his son. Father does not feel comfortable and perfect and he fails to believe in the presence of God in that world. The online article entitled The Road by Cormac McCarthy by John Holt helps the reader to think about the barrenness of the land. The author mentions that; “The pair is heading for the Eastern cost with little hope of finding anything” (Holt).The word prophet means a person who has the ability to speak or imagine something about future and both the father and son expect the arrival of God, even though they live in chaos. Referring to his son the father says, “What if! said he’s a god?” (McCarthy 6) which means everybody in this world lies alone and the son is the only living creature who gives inspiration and hope for him. Father thinks that the boy has a divine stature like an angel. The boy gives food and makes a fire to protect life from dreadful cold. The father and his son expect the arrival of God and they see a final destination on God’s side. Here the novelist spells the capital letter. In the case of the blind man he refuses his belief in God, here the word ‘god’ is spelled in a lower case letter. Cormac Mc Carthy presents the character Ely, a blind and old wanderer as a prophet. He is the only person in the novel that has a name. The old man s
Introduction Nurses and caregivers must use evidence-based concepts in order to offer quality healthcare services. Physicians and doctors should also promote the best concepts whenever supporting the changing needs of their patients. Several tools can make it easier for caregivers to identify the most appropriate medical practices. A good example of these tools is the PICOT Approach. This framework examines the unique aspects associated with every medical model. Caregivers can use this framework to make accurate medical decisions (Barton, 2009). Medical professionals can use evidence-based strategies in order to understand the challenges affecting their patients. This essay uses the PICOT framework to examine the best practices in an operating room. Targeted PICOT Question Does the wearing of nail polish in the operating room cause harm to the targeted patient? PICOT Elements PICOT Elements                        PICOT Analysis                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    P = Targeted Patient and Problem      Many females wear different nail polishes. According to studies, nail polish can harbor numerous microorganisms such as bacteria. Nail polish can accumulate different microorganisms. This situation “threatens the health condition of the targeted patient when a glove tears or becomes perforated” (Barton, 2009, p. 602). Some studies have encouraged different practitioners and
The Choice of the Topic Good and evil are the binaries that seem to be in some form present in every person’s life. It is fascinating how diversely they could be represented and explained in different cultures. The relationship between good and evil forms the basis of moral behavior. Almost every person in one way or another comprehends the meaning of those words and associates them with certain actions, words, or situations. Society also plays a significant role in shaping the concepts of good and evil in order to maintain stability, control, and orderly behavior. For many, religion still stays the beacon that defines one’s view of these concepts. Due to the fact that most people associate themselves with one or another system of beliefs, it is paramount to study how they perceive these concepts through their religious paradigms. The Concepts of Good and Evil and their Significance in the Context of Religions Good and evil are the concepts that represent what is forbidden and what is favoured. Almost every child is taught what is right and what is not. These concepts changed with time and changed significantly, sometimes one becoming the other. Interestingly, the ancient religious scriptures have not changed. Nevertheless, it was the people who underwent alterations. At certain times Christians, for example, considered it a good action to kill thousands of pagans and lead bloody wars against Muslims to claim the Holy land. Nowadays it would be deemed inconceivable to the Christian community to try and reclaim it from Judaists. What was right, moral, and good in mediaeval times becomes bad now. The fundamental values, however, that are developed at the dawn of humanity, the primal unchanged knowledge of good and evil is what lies at the basis and what needs to be studied. In the beliefs of various indigenous tribes, good and evil appear in a continuous struggle for power and dominance over a person and have the ability to influence one’s decisions. Tribal forms of society also left an imprint on their vision stating that outsiders were inherently evil until proven otherwise. In Hinduism, good and evil are significant in a manner that they influence the people’s underlying motives. Karma, being the concept that includes action and intention that leads to certain consequences, induces a view of life that leads people to care about what they do and with what intention they do it. Christianity seems to have a more rigid set of views on good and evil. For Christians, good and evil are defined in literal form and are rather explicitly stated in the ten commandments. The opposition between God and Satan, even more, underlines the strong dependence of Christianity on these concepts (Cheung, 2014). The same applies to Judaism since the religions have nearly the same origin. The belief in the Second Coming and the imminence of punishment for evil deeds seem to have significant meaning for Judaists. In Buddhism, however, good and evil are less important and not given a central place. Buddhists believe that this duality must be conquered by u
Introduction The brain is actually a very delicate organ in one’s body. It is organized into different parts with specialized functions which include the following, hindbrain which is actually essential for sustaining one’s life and controlling the breathing system, the midbrains which are concerned with motivation and learning of the different behaviors occurring in the environment like smoking and the other region is the forebrain. In the forebrain there is mesolimbic dopamine is actually a certain pathway of the brain and it has been shown to be closely involved in motivational processes. It is the brain, which actually dictates the functioning of the rest of body organs, and hence when the brain has been interfered with, then you find that the rest of the body functioning has also been interfered with. We can then use this part of the brain to actually motivate us in order to stop smoking. If we actually set our mind to quitting smoking, then we find that it becomes easy for us to stop. It is the brain, which actually motivates us to do such behaviors. (Romer and Jamieson 2001) The brain actually drives our emotions and hence there is a need to actually nurture our motivations since some of the motivations are good while others are bad. Since these motivations can be controlled, you find that if some of them are negative motives we need to quit then and try to use the positive motives in order to succeed in life. We always use our knowledge to motivate the good motives and neglect the bad ones like smoking which is actually a habit that end result is destroying and weakening the health of the smoker. We actually need to boost our motivation and there are several ways to boost motivation which includes enough confidence the sense that, we should be confident in whatever we do, if it is the case of quitting smoking, one should be confident and ready to quit the habit the moment he/she gets to know the side effects of smoking. We should be confident to neglect and say know to such habits, which we already know are not actually good for us. For instance, when you only think about smoking, your mind actually gives you the reasons as to why you are not able to get the cigarettes at that particular moment and hence this ends up giving you negatives effects of smoking so the mind works hand in hand with motivation. The best way to withdraw your mind from the negative thoughts is to think on gratitude or thinking on the best conducive works. You should always focus on the most positive things and make a mental list of your most strength. Some people do smoke in order to be motivated to achieve some goals. Some motives actually direct our behavior. (Romer and Jamieson 2001) Quitting Smoking Smoking is one of the most disgusting habits in life people should ever engage in. Some people argue that they actually smoke in order to reduce the stress they have not actually realizing the harm they cause to their bodies. Cigarette smoking is harmful to one’s body since it causes health problems like lung cancer so it’s an appeal to all nonsmokers and those intending to smoke in the future to realize that smoking is harmful t
My introduction to the world of academic writing has greatly improved my scholarly resume. Consequently, I am no longer afraid of formal writing. My course materials have eased me into the exciting world of academic writing and they have consequently changed me from a novice into an intermediate. In the course of this learning period, I have managed to complete several formal and informal writing exercises. The course has implicitly emphasized on the need for practice when it comes to formal writing. At the beginning of my writing experience, I dreaded every writing challenge that was presented to me even though I was already an avid reader. However, my brief training in formal writing has enabled me to synthesize and regurgitate information in equal measure. Now, it is possible for me to reflect on any academic article. In addition, I have learnt about methods of publishing individual research without ‘stealing’ from other scholars. Nevertheless, I have also had several negative experiences as a budding academic writer. This paper is a reflective self-analysis on my writing during this semester. In the course of my writing, I have noticed that I have evident strengths that are adequately reflected in my writing experience. These strengths are important to my future college and career activities. My main strength in writing is the ability to organize and express ideas and explanations. After reviewing my past papers, it is clear that as a writer I am able to present an enviable level of professionalism in my work. For example, my rhetorical analysis paper consists of neatly arranged subtitles. These subtitles are important because they enable the reader to understand my claims faster. My ability to organize ideas and explanations is reflected in my quantitative literacy essay. The quantitative literacy essay was the most challenging paper that I tackled this semester. However, the completed essay does not reflect this inadequacy mostly because of its professional arrangement (Quantitative Literacy Essay 1). After I had conducted enough research, I was able to come up with an essay that displays my ability to organize ideas. Although the quantitative essay contains materials that are hard to synthesize, the flow of ideas that is displayed by my writing makes it easier to comprehend the essay’s subject matter. In future, I hope to hone my analytical and organizational skills by taking on more complex writing challenges. My writing also demonstrates a superior ability in the use of Standard English. Although my initial English knowledge was not very strong, I have been able to master Standard English usage. This ability is reflected in majority of my work. For instance, the grammar level in most of my essays paints the picture of an English language master. An example of a sentence that highlights my grammatical abilities is this one; “the article is practical in highlighting the role that technology p
Introduction In the past few centuries, the importance of policing is increasing every year due to rapid population growth, which requires strong policing to maintain a safe social environment. Also, fast technological progress resulted in the development of various equipment and technologies that can be used in policing, transforming policing techniques and policies. In such a rapidly changing environment, countries should find a way to meet the requirement of a new world to keep a peaceful society within the country and to keep the crime rate under control. The growing power of artificial intelligence is going to significantly influence future policing. Main body Artificial intelligence (AI) in policing brings both benefits and risks, shaping a new way of policing. Human profiling is one of the benefits of AI for policing. It enables the prediction of the behavior and decision-making of the person, which can increase the prevention of crime. Moreover, future AI in neurotechnology will be able to identify the mood, psychological state, and intention of the person (College of Policing, 2020). It will only widen the possibilities to obtain information from a criminal or a suspect. However, it also raises ethical concerns regarding the use of such technologies. Conclusion To conclude, the implementation of artificial intelligence along with surveillance technologies will help policing maintain control over a big population. Artificial Intelligence allows policing to effectively prevent potential criminal events via the prediction of a person’s behavior and other neurotechnological advancements. At the same time, the use of artificial intelligence to interfere with the personal lives of the population raises a list of ethical questions regarding the moral aspect of the technologies. Hence, artificial intelligence is going to significantly influence future policing, bringing a range of benefits along with ethical concerns to be discussed. Reference College of Policing. (2020). Policing in England and Wales: Future Operating Environment 2040 . Web.
Introduction The phenomenon of artificial intelligence, or AI, is not only utilized on a large scale in many fields of our life but also firmly embedded in our culture. Since its emergence and introduction in various aspects of human activities, it has been the center of attention of scholars and the general public due to its almost mythological nature and its capabilities which are strikingly similar to those of living beings. Naturally, this similarity and the unparalleled novelty of the concept has served as a basis for many speculations, including the purported threat the AI poses to humanity. The suggested origins and probabilities of the threat vary, and range from the purely fictional speculations of “rise of the machines” to the serious works trying to assess risks in different fields, with the former being both the most unrealistic and, counterintuitively, most popular and well-established in our consciousness. Despite the fictional and speculative nature of the majority of implications connected to the supposed threat that the artificial intelligence poses to mankind and the resulting low credibility ascribed to all such suggestions, at least some of the concerns voiced regarding the possible adverse effects on human society require an in-depth inquiry instead of being dismissed on a common grounds. The relevance of the topic First, it is important to understand the relevance of the topic. The primary reason for that is the ubiquitous nature of the phenomenon. The machines capable of processing data are present in almost every aspect of our everyday lives, as well as almost any activity that requires processing at all. This leads to an assumption that the level of control granted to artificial intelligence is so overwhelming that humanity has almost given itself into the hands of some other entity. Not only that, but this entity also demonstrates some traits that have been previously thought as proprietary to intelligent beings, and does so much more effectively than us. Simply put, AI is so much in control of our daily lives it is certain that once it “decides” to take matters into its own hands, there is little left to do to oppose it. At this point, the narrative usually points to the fact of the incredible pace at which the matters are developing, and the capabilities of the AI are increasing and ends by concluding that once the artificial intelligence will become capable of making its own decisions (the fact that is inevitable and fast approaching), it could, and probably will, seize the power, or at least disrupt the current state of events. At this point, it becomes evident why this debate rarely reaches the depth and scope it demands: these assumptions are rarely scientific or even remotely close to being backed up y the evidence. The matter is further complicated by the fact