ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Company Background   * Emirates Airline is a Dubai-based airline company founded in 1985 (McKechnie et al., 2008).   * Its is the largest airline in Middle East operating more than 3,500 flights a week.   * It has a growth rate of more than 20% p. a, with more than 10% increase in the number of passengers annually.   * The company is owned by the government but operates as a separate entity.   * The company aims to increase its market share by 15% in the next five years. Company Profile   * Name: Emirates Airlines.   * Founder: UAE government, 1985.   * Goal: “To reach on top by excelling in what we do.”   * Mission Statement: “We exist to deliver the world’s best inflight experience.”   * Vision Statement: “Ro make civil aviation safe, leading and sustainable.”   * Company Slogan: “Fly Emirates, fly better.”   * Head Office : Town Center, UAE. Organization Structure   * Chairman & CE of the Emirates Airline & Group Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum;       + President Emirates Airline Sir Team Clerk;           o Group Services & dnata , Emirates Group Gary:               - Chief Operating Officer, Emirates Airline Adel Ahmad Al Redha;               - Chief Commercial Officer, Emirates Airline Adan Kazim;               - Executive Vice President – Chairman’s Office, Facilities/Projects Management and P&L Ali Mubarak Al Soori;               - Executive Vice President Human Resources, Emirates Airline & Group Abdulaziz Al Ali;               - Executive Vice President, Service Departments Nigel Hopkins. Emirates Airlines has a hierarchical organizational structure, starting from the chairman to the operational management. Although the chairman of the Emirates Group, Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum is also the Chairman of Fly Dubai, the two companies operate independently with totally different management structure. Emirates Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy   * Emirates launched a competitive marketing campaign that is customer-driven.   * The strategy also involves the use of superior products to gain competitive advantage.   * The strategies involve:       + Reduced prices:           o Emirate aims to offer clients competitive prices.           o The labor cost at Emirates is almost half of that of American and United Airlines.           o Low prices give the airline a competitive edge over its rivals.       + Superior services:           o Emirate has more than 10,000 cabin crew consisting of more than 120 nationalities and speaking a total of 55 languages.           o The airline provides luxurious travel experience with entertainment and leisure.           o First class passengers get to enjoy regionally inspired dishes and inflight lounge 9for A380 fleet.           o Customers also have access to fast internet and live matches at the comfort of their seats. Building Str
Hinduism The visited religious site was Laxminarayan Mandir Temple in Sacramento, California. One of the outstanding aspects of the temple was its architectural design. The temple depicted various geometric shapes. It also had a congregation hall and an ambulatory. There were many followers of this religion in the region. This experience gave me the opportunity to acquire new ideas about Hinduism. One of the priests indicated that the religion empowered its followers to attain nirvana. After interacting with the priest, he indicated that believers should “strive to achieve dharma since the soul is immortal” (Nicholson, 2010, p. 28). I learned that the religion supports specific beliefs as immortality and reincarnation. The major traditions associated with Hinduism include vaishnavism, smartism, and shaivism. These rituals are used to honor specific Hindu gods. The Sanskrit contains the major Hindu scriptures. I also interviewed the priest in order to understand the religion’s scriptures. The scriptures outlined by the interviewee included Smriti and Shruti. The major holidays described by the priest included Diwali, Navratri, and Dussera. He said that Dussera was the 10 th day of Navratri (Nicholson, 2010). Buddhism The first thing to do was to visit the San Francisco Zen Center. The temple is located in San Francisco Bay Area. The experience equipped me with new ideas about Buddhism. I observed that geometrical aspects and decorations characterized the temple. Many people associated with the religion are Asian Americans. According to the chief priest, the religion focused on the four noble truths (Hagan, 2013). These truths focus on the existence of human pain and suffering. The attainment of nirvana is the end of suffering. Human beings, according to the respondent, have rights to effort, mindfulness, action, and speech. According to some of the believers, the major rituals associated with Buddhism include meditation and chanting. The experience revealed that Buddhists should pay homage or respect to Buddha through meditation. The major holidays outlined during the visit included Vesak and Observance Day. Vesak refers to the birthday of Buddha (Hagan, 2013). I interacted with several worshippers who informed me about the religion’s major spiritual books. The identified books included the Pali Canon and the Mahayana Sutras. Jainism In order to understand the issues associated with Jainism, I decided to visit the Jain Center of Southern California in Buena Park. The visit gave me the opportunity to explore the attributes of Jainism. The center was characterized by admirable architectural designs. The walls (exterior and interior) portrayed the outstanding attributes of Asian architecture. This mea
Summary The article by Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer focuses on the connection between corporate social responsibility and society with references to achieving the possible competitive advantage. Thus, the authors analyze companies about their focus on corporate social responsibility as the mean to effectively compete within the industry. Porter and Kramer state that companies can focus on creating the shared value to contribute to the effective interdependence of companies and societies. This shared value and competitive advantage can be accentuated with references to the specific framework chosen by the company to respond to their needs about corporate social responsibility. The authors pay attention to the fact that it is inappropriate for companies to discuss society and business as independent structures in a negative context. It is important to focus on the interdependence of societies and companies because the effective strategy or framework related to corporate social responsibility can improve the organization’s competitiveness. One of the article’s strengths is the analysis of all the aspects associated with the concept of corporate social responsibility. Following the presented analysis, the authors propose an effective framework according to which organizations can achieve a competitive advantage and meet the corporate social responsibility’s demands. Key Learning Points The key learning points in the reading are associated with such aspects as   * The discussion of different levels of social responsibility in their interconnection. However, according to the article, the company can achieve the best results when the company focuses on the particular group of responsibilities such as economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic ones;   * corporate social responsibility is based on the idea of completing the stakeholders’ interests, and the main condition for this process is the focus on trust;   * the building of the effective relationships between all the stakeholders depends on using the effective strategy or framework to create the necessary commitment. Relevant Statements to the Session The relevant statements to the session include the following ones:   * Social responsibility is the priority for the business leaders because of its role for the community.   * Social responsibility depends on interdependence of society and business.   * Adopting a strategic focus, social responsibility should be strategic and responsive. Benefits of social responsibility are the possibilities to create shared value and to achieve a competitive advantage. Critical Analysis Corporate social responsibility can be discussed as effective when it is characterized by the strategic and responsive components. Being the source of opportunity and innovation, social responsibility is important for the business. Instead of focusing on only uncoordinated initiatives, co
American Gothic works present a unique cultural phenomenon in the literature of North America. Namely, it is different from European Gothic since the newly emerged American Republic had not ever entered the Middle Ages period to which the Gothic literature references. Yet, the texts of American writers of the late 18th and early 19th centuries are penetrated with medieval “European myth and fantacy” (Ringel 16). American Romanticists embued their short stories with national ideas and relevant historical and cultural phenomena. Namely, themes of irrationality and anxiety dominated the economic instability period in American society, the crisis of Puritan ideals, and the sinfulness of the humans realized in mystic conditions. As such, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s nightmarish literary world embraces the issues of “the loss of identity and the dissolution of the self” (Bendixen 38). Specifically, in “Young Goodman Brown,” the author explores the dual nature of Puritan New England people’s personalities: “freedom and democracy” value contradicting with “intolerance and persecution” practice (Bendixen 38). “Young Goodman Brown” reflects the ambiguousness of identity and the inevitability of sinfulness, the common themes of the Gothic literature of the era. “Young Goodman Brown” presents complex ideas that underlie the work and supply nourishment for readers’ speculations. One of the literary elements that connect the story with reality and convert it into a conceivable one is the setting. Namely, the events of the short tale are placed in Salem village, remembered for its ferocious religious persecutions of the 17th century both to the modern readers and Hawthorne’s contemporaries. Some people inhabiting the place are not entirely fictional characters but instead incorporated in the story historical figures. For example, the author includes deacon Gookin, the “moral and spiritual adviser” of the main character, and depicts him firstly as a pious man and, at the end of the narration, as a fiend, Satan’s worshipper (Hawthorne 348). Such personalities are brought to the work to summon associations with the “witchcraft trial” processes (Levine 348). However, the author uses the “external setting” to create his own fictional world and allegorical representations that Americans could understand (Levy 384). Thus, the imaginative depictions of the existing people, location, and historical events such as witch hunts are invoked to testify of the relatedness of the story to the real issues of the Gothic era America. Next, Hawthorne constructed a plot distinctive of its growing phantasmagorical nature and mirror-like composition. The narrative begins with commonplace dialogues of a religious pair and rapidly evolves into allegorical nightmare vision. As Brown, an innocent young man, deepens into the forest with his diabolical companion, he becomes aware of the sinful deeds of his ancestors and countryman. The Devil knew Brown’s grandfather, and he made the “pitch-pine knot” of Goodman’s father (Hawthorne 347). The
The inaugural address of the United States President can be considered a kind of miracle which helps people of the whole world understand that a great superpower is ready for another four-year event. As a rule, a new president implies a set of changes to make the country prosperous and well-running and to make its people proud of being Americans. Inaugural Address The West Front of the U.S. Capitol has witnessed the inaugural address of the fortieth president of the United States, Ronald Reagan in January 1981. It can be treated as one of the most effective and most emotional speeches in the history of inaugural addresses of the American presidents. Ronald Reagan stated that “I’m a big believer in stump speeches – speeches you can give over and over again with slight variations. Because if you have something you believe in deeply, it’s worth repeating time and again until you achieve it.” (Reagan, 1981) And it was true because he has passed a long way before he met a chance to obtain the position of the American president. He did not thank all who voted for him; he told about the whole nation. Reagan said about the difficulties faced by people, the inflation rate, and the imperfectness of the tax system which does not motivate people to work more or better. Even the bullet which got within one inch of Reagan’s heart did not force him to give up his business and leave the nation without a wise leader. To my mind, there are two parts in the speech which sound more convincing, sincere, and important than the rest of the speech: the part about people as an interest group that has always been neglected when Reagan tells about us, Americans. The second bright idea was presented at the end of the speech when was enumerating the great people who contributed greatly to the independence of the country and the liberty of its people. He criticized his opponents who “…had lost faith in the citizens and the future of our country.” (Reagan, 1981) Reagan claims that the federal government is the problem of the nation that should be solved to guarantee stable maintenance of the states. Ronald Reagan thanks Mr. President for cooperation: By your gracious cooperation in the transition process, you have shown a watching world that we are a united people pledged to maintain a political system that guarantees individual liberty to a greater degree than any other, and I thank you and your people for all your help in maintaining the continuity which is the bulwark of our republic (Reagan, 1981). One more positive aspect of the inaugural address that made me supportive of Reagan’s thoughts and ideas is he told about discrimination; usually, authorities try to escape this tricky topic and refute the fact of discrimination on the territory of the country. Conclusion The inaugural address of Ronald Reagan is an example of the effectiveness of the presentation of thoughts without being too positive or negative. Reagan told people about the current situation an
Nowadays, many nations live far beyond their means and possibilities and put the environment at risk by using all available resources and promoting pollution in different forms. The peculiar feature of such activities that they aim at helping people and supporting their development. For example, many drilling companies choose a fracking process as the main activity to extract shale gas from the underneath parts. This process of drilling down the earth is used for releasing the gas after such fracking fluids as water, sand, or special chemicals are injected into the rock and cause the reactions under high pressure. These injections, as well as other outcomes of a fracking process, turn out to be one of the possible reasons for earthquakes. According to the report of the State Corporation Commission of the State of Kansas, the work of local drilling companies has considerably increased the number of seismic activities in the state (1). In this report, two Kansa counties, Harper and Sumner, were taken into consideration. The evaluation of these counties is important for me because they are not far from the place where I live. In this region, the period between 2010 and 2013 was crucial because its citizens experienced several significant earthquakes. For example, in Harper County, 44 injection wells were observed in 2010, and 71 injection wells occurred in 2013 with 9,671,655 barrels of saltwater injected in 2010 and 51,827,349 barrels in 2013 (The State Corporation Commission of the State of Kansas 3). In Summer County, the situation differs a little: 53 injection wells in 2010, 79 injection wells in 2013, 9,763,265 saltwater barrels in 2010, and 10,722,360 barrels in 2013 (The State Corporation Commission of the State of Kansas 3). Regarding the activities of drilling companies of Kansas and other environmental changes, 30 earthquakes were recorded from 1981 to 2010 in the region. Between 2013 and 2014, 131 earthquakes were reported with the majority of cases in the chosen Harper and Sumner counties. The largest earthquake that was about 4.9 magnitude temblor was observed in the northeast of Milan in 2014 (Chow). It was necessary to take some steps to prevent the destruction of the earth due to fracking processes. One of the well-known oppositions to the use of fracking in Kansas was a formulation of a Task Force as a possibility to evaluate the worth of seismic activities in the region and reduce the number of potentially-induced events. In terms of this activity, each operator has to measure daily volumes of injections and report on them to the Conservation Division (The State Corporation Commission of the State of Kansas 5). It was concluded to allow no more than 25,000 saltwater barrels per day. Though in the chosen area, fracking processes are still observed, their number and outcomes are under control and cause less harmful outcomes to the population. The amount of fine that is up to $10,000 per day turns out to be good motivation for the companies to follow the Order. However, this time, many companies get used to this number. Therefore, it is better to change it and motivate the companies by more s
Introduction Nationalism is often seen as a political doctrine, with an ideology of self-governing entity results in what is popularly known as “nation-state”. In other words, it is an ideology or a form of socio-cultural movement that drives a group of people towards forming a self governing state or nation (Smith, 1993, P.72). Historically, however, there has been significant argument over the origin of nations and nationhood, with many specialists like (Smith, 1998, P. 39) agreeing that the ideology of nationalism has its roots in Europe, that came as a result of series of revolutions in the 19 th century, preciously related to the French revolution that pushed for sovereignty in the late 18 th century. More significantly, its emergence has been associated with the historical events like the World War I and II and consequential rise of many notable radicalism (Laqueuer, 1976. P. 15). The socio-political ideology on nationalism dictates that the people who belong to a particular state or nation should be willing to adhere to the principle of nationhood and be ready to legitimize and defend their sovereignty (Laqueuer, 1997, P. 90). However, some of the attempts to pursue and defend the nations, which are mostly multinationals or multiethnic in nature, has led to numerous forms of both internal and external wars, secession, and at worst genocide or holocaust, scenarios that have led some pundits to believe that nationalism is simply “a divisive and destructive force in the contemporary world” (Goebbels, 1939, P. 18). But is this the case considering human nature to group together? Nationalism theories In the late 19 th century, socialists like Carl Max and Rosa Luxemburg were the greatest critics of nationalists’ movements, in their critical socio-political analysis of the then nationalists’ movements in Europe, more specifically Central and Eastern Europe (Koln, Calhoun & Craig, 1942, p. 20). However, late socialists and communists alike are more supportive of the nationalism, describing it a form of self-defining factor (Anderson, 1991, p. 6). But it is critical to observe that most theories related to nationalism originated mainly after the World War II, with emerging issues like, who is the real member of the state and who is not? And who came first, nation or the nationalism? In order to understand the nationalism aspects and its implications on the general welfare of the people, it is prudent to understand the classifications put down by scholars to explain its varied facets (Smith, 1986, p. 8-10) Classification of nationalism Nationalism may emerge as a result of an official ideology of state or just as a popular non-state movement that can be expressed in terms of ethno-cultural, religious, location, and/or ideological perspectives, where th
Observation My recent observation of children involved in a science activity involved my kids (2 and three years old respectively), playing on their playmat in my home office. They were using the animal playset that I obtained for the last week that consisted of a collection of carnivores, herbivores as well as different plastic environments that the animals would be found in (trees, grasslands, and various rocks). I noticed that the children were able to accurately infer which animals were carnivores and which were herbivores based on how they had the different animals interact with each other. In one instance, I saw them using a lion to attack a zebra despite the fact that they had little in the way of actual knowledge regarding the eating habits of lions or the differences between carnivores and herbivores. Potential Activity Topic Based on the observed behavior, one possible topic that could be created from it is to help them understand the difference between carnivores and herbivores (Sacks, Trundle and Flevares 415). This can involve simple lessons regarding animal eating habits, environments, and how the different animals interact with each other in the wild (Wulf, Mayhew and Finkelstein 337; Yoon and Onchwari 419)). The different toys and artificial environments that came with the set would be an ideal method of showcasing how various animals behave (Ozaydin 1021). Specific Skills The children are currently at a stage where they able to infer particular characteristics based on observation. For example, they were able to tell that a lion was a predator based on the open jaw and pointed teeth that it had. The same can be said about their ability to determine what a herbivore is due to the lack of visible teeth on the zebra or giraffe. However, in cases where the teeth were not visible or the animal lacked distinguishing characteristics, they were unable to tell the difference between a carnivore or a herbivore. This was noted in cases where they depicted a wolf as eating grass while an elephant came and attacked the wolf. The lack of visible teeth on the wolf and the tusks of the elephant confused them to the extent that they thought that the elephant was a predator and the wolf its prey. Potential Activities that Can be Utilized After evaluating the gap in the knowledge, the potential activity that can be utilized to further educate the children would involve the use of flashcards (Hong and Diamond 300; Wee 612). They would consist of the following activities:  1. Identifying the names of the most commonly known animals in the animal kingdom.  2. Explaining what sort of food each animal eats (grass, leaves, or meat).  3. Informing the children about how the different animals interact with one another.  4. Explaining the difference between a carnivore and a herbivore.  5. Jumbling the cards so that the children can identify on their own which type of animal eats what kind of food. Questions from a child’s perspective  1. Why does the lion have l