ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The most outstanding aspect of the social status of females and males is the privilege of men in nearly all facets of life, even in contemporary times (Pölkki et al. 20-22). Such culturally-established male supremacy may be explained in different approaches and from various points of view. The current paper will focus on one of the aspects of gender-based inequality, which is apparent in modern society, that is, the amount of housework that is done by individuals of different sexes. After explaining the problem in question in more detail, as well as describing the significance of the study and its theoretical framework, a review of the scholarly literature pertaining to the topic of gender discrimination will be carried out in order to provide more significant background for the planned research. After that, a method for carrying out a study which will test a hypothesis related to one of the important aspects of gender-based discrimination will be offered. Background Problem Statement In most occurrences within today’s society, women are seen to have less privilege when judged against men (Valentine et al. 806). Women across the globe are expected to devote a significant amount of time to care for their families, and these social expectations and currently existing stereotypes may create serious hindrances for women’s professional growth and success, for the employers prefer to hire those people who, as they believe, will demonstrate greater commitment to working and will have no distractive factors. In this way, although it is often considered that women and men have equal opportunities in the labor market, the implicit unequal perceptions of female and male social positions influence organizational policies of employment and result in gender inequality. Significance of the Study For the purpose of this study, privilege will be taken to represent dominance or the ideas that members of a society to whom high status and rights are bestowed are anchored stringently in their gender (Massen et al. 73-92). The significance of this study will be based on an affirmation that if women do not put themselves in positions of contentment with little privilege, they will increasingly attain high status with practical effort and be in equal or nearly equivalent positions as men. Theoretical Perspective The feminist theory represents the extension of feminism into theoretical, imaginary, and truth-seeking discussions (Donovan 34). The feminist theories seek to comprehend the aspect of gender inequality by evaluating females’ social tasks, concerns, encounters, welfare, responsibilities, in a diversity of sectors such as the education, the family, and the social sphere. According to the functionalist feminist theory, the gender role is one of the central elements of the social system; it defines the functional premises of any social system (adaptation, objectives’ fulfillment, integration, etc.), and forms the levels of social, cultural, and personal behaviors (Garcia and Heywood 327). The family institute is interrelated with other social and political institutes, and the gender roles in the family a
Fractions The lesson began with an explanation of why we study fractions and parts of objects. The children were given pieces of paper, which they were expected to fold into half in order to understand the concept of dividing things equally. In the second chapter, students were asked to recognize the shapes that they created by dividing the papers equally. They also had to complete the dotted paper and shape-drawing exercises, as well as, dividing shapes into equal parts. I applied the publisher-recommended test after completing the lesson. The test had 10 questions with each having ten points. The Montessori materials were introduced after the test. The first lesson was presented with the aid of apples, which were distributed to all children. The concept of a ‘whole’ was introduced first. This was followed by cutting the apple into half and a story about sharing things equally. The children enjoyed learning the concepts of a half and a quarter as represented by ½ and ¼ respectively. Children were also introduced to tracing each inset on red construction paper and were asked to write the numerical concept beneath it. The assessment for this lesson involved giving each child questions with mathematical representations of 1,½ and ¼ and were asked to cut the given circle accordingly. Moreover, the teacher made unequal parts of the four basic shapes and gave them to students. The children were asked to explain why they thought the shapes were equal or unequal, as well as, the importance of sharing things equally. I also used a standard formative matrix plan and rubrics to supplement the scoring. The rubric consisted of evaluations that were based on Bloom’s Taxonomy, which focuses on knowledge, comprehension, and application. Each child’s competence in analysis, evaluation, and synthesis was assessed using a scale of 1 to 4. Only three students scored less than 60% in the state assessment. Four students scored 100%, while another 5 scored above 80% in the Montessori assessment. In conclusion, there was a significant improvement in learning with the aid of the Montessori fractions materials. Money Lesson Learning about money using coins reinforces students’ knowledge about numbers. In this lesson, students were asked to use their counting skills to count coins. The Montessori money lesson had clear objectives and was age appropriate for the kindergarten group. The state recommended textbook was used to supplement the homework. The lesson was presented in a systematic manner. First, the students were introduced to the concept of one cent using red and blue number rods. Gradually, the cent numeral and its symbol was presented with the aid of number cards. The classroom was setup as a shop so that each child could practice the concept of buying things using a one-cent coin. This concept was used systematically until we reached 10 cents. We revised the lesson about fractions before introducing the concept of 25 cents. Using the fraction materials, as well as,
Introduction The two advertisements selected for the paper are print ads for Porsche from chapter 4 and Visa credit card from chapter 5 (Belch & Belch, 2011). The Porsche advertisement shows a minimalist print ad with a photograph of a Porsche 911 and a tagline stating “Pity you have nothing left to wish for.” The second print advertisement is that of Visa credit card, which shows the picture of a firefighter and the writings show various levels of security that Visa provides to secure financial transactions. Main Body Porsche is a high-end luxury car that targets people with high income. Porsche’s advertisement targets the self-actualization of the audience, appealing to the instinct of viewers that appeals to the attainment of the ultimate desire. Porsche is a luxury car and hence, cannot be achieved or bought instinctively. On the contrary, it requires a lot of investment and hence, incites a sense of pride and loftiness that is exemplified through the ad. On the other hand, the credit card ad by Visa reinforces the various security levels associated with the product that will ensure safe transactions targets an audience who are conscious of their money and spending and want to ensure nothing is wasted. The difference in the target audience for the two ads is apparent as the first targets those who have affluent while the second targets those who are well off but not affluent. The target customers for Porsche are high-income professionals who are more likely to read magazines like Times or Wall Street journal. These people are more likely to visit expensive boutiques or malls. These people are usually successful in life and have a need to satisfy their self-actualization need for recognition. The ad aims to attain congruency of the product and self-image of the targeted consumers (Sirgy, 2015). Visa credit card targets at mid-income to high-income individuals or families that aim at optimal utilization of their resources. To these families security is important; hence, the ad reinforces their need for security. The print ad of Porsche should be placed in lifestyle and automobile magazines, business newspapers, certain social networking websites, and billboards near high-end shopping malls. These three channels will help in targeting the right customer groups. Further, it will increase the visibility of the product for customers w
Introduction People’s identities can be expressed through various means, such as qualities, beliefs, or social group belonging. Apart from these ways, identity views of a person as a member of some nation can also be manifested through language. Usually, this type of identity is vividly expressed in the countries that have been under some other nation’s occupation for a long time. Korea, which was Japan’s colony in 1910-1945, applied linguistic nationalism as an attempt to reach political liberation during that time. The present paper focuses on the review of studies dedica
British children’s picture book author and illustrator Anthony Browne has established himself as an innovative force in the canon of children’s literature through such works as Gorilla and Piggybook . The author has published nearly 40 titles since the 1970s and enjoys international acclaim. Anthony Browne’s works have been hailed as penetrating social critiques that encourage the modern children’s picture book to expand its reach and touch upon uncomfortable social issues such as restrictive gender roles and narrow minded class limitations. Anthony Browne’s eccentric, provocative books are distinctive in the sense that each one refuses to condescend to its young readers, and his works consistently defy assumptions surrounding the suitable subject matter for children’s picture books that require them to be safe, staid and non confrontational. Anthony Browne regularly employs the children’s picture book as a tool to critically analyze and evaluate cultural assumptions in a playful yet trenchant way. This essay will analyze several
Introduction This article discusses an online retailer (eBay.com) and a traditional physical retailer (The Home Depot). In comparing the two, the organizational structure of the retailers will be discussed, the management challenges facing the two reviewed and lastly suggestions are drawn to assist those wishing to embrace the online method of retailing as an alternative retailing method. Organizational Structure eBay : The eBay organizational structure places the CEO (John Donahoe) at the top followed by the chairman of the board (Pierre Omidyar) and the directors below them. There are six directors: William Ford, David Moffett, Richard Schlosberg, Thomas Tierney, Marc Andreessen, and Dawn Lepore. There are other officials who assist in the management of the business (eBay, 2011). The Home Depot: The Home Depot is headed by a Chief Executive Officer who also doubles as the Chairman (Frank Blake). Below the CEO are the Senior Leadership Team and the Board of Directors. The senior leadership team consists of twenty two officials. The Board of Directors is made up of 10 officials (Home Deport, 2011). The organizational structures adopted by the eBay and Home Deport are almost similar. Management Challenges There are many of management challenges that both eBay and Home Depot face. Some of these challenges are similar while others are not. eBay: Regulations of Items sold and Competition The greatest management challenge that eBay faces is regulating what to be sold through its system. There have been many attempts by clients to sell what is not allowed through the system. Human parts and lottery tickets are not allowed. Selling of wildlife animals is also not allowed in the site. There are other many items which are illegal and are not allowed either in the site and include firearms, ammunitions among other illegal items. Others items such as trying to sell plots on the moon are also not allowed. The management needs to ensure that there is a thorough scrutiny of the items posted on the site as the items may draw the site into legal tussles with the law makers. There is a need to ensure that the biddings taking place are only for those items allowed as this will help to reduce the chances of the site crashing. The second management challenge that eBay faces is competition from similar business ventures such as Taobao in China among many others. Tough competition calls for more funds to be used to promote that site so that it can gain a favorable chance of gaining a wide market. There is a possibility that stringent competition may push some online retailers to engage in unethical strategies such hacking other sites or even accelerating traffic to a site with an aim of crashing it (eBay History, 2011). Home Deport: Capital Requirement and Competition Home deport equally faces many challenges. The main chall
In the movie Thank You for Smoking two contradictory points of view are presented: while Nick Naylor is certain that smoking needs to be brought back on the screens (because it will impact the tobacco sales), Senator Finisterre presents a ‘new’ way to fight the tobacco industry and protect the children from its harm. However, none of the strategies seems to be efficient, although Nick’s approach can be seen in modern-day ads and movies where smoking is not always connected to psychopaths or Europeans (Thank you for smoking 2005). The advantage of Nick’s strategy is that it offers the consumer a role model to follow: if smoking is considered to be ‘cool’, more people, especially young ones, will try to become ‘cool’ using cigarettes. Such an approach was used by Marlboro in their recent campaign (2014) that targeted young adults. However, ethical considerations about the tobacco impact on people’s health are completely neglected by Nick (and Marlboro, too). Nick’s approach is most likely to be effective, but it will be quickly met with indignation from non-smoking parents that will be afraid for their children’s health. As to Senator’s suggestion, it has proven to be ineffective in our real world. Pictures that can be found on cigarette packages are far more frightening than skulls and crossbones; however, they do not seem to have a huge impact on chain-smokes or others. Moreover, teenagers regard this as the forbidden fruit: if it is dangerous, you should try it. Although such a campaign could be helpful to non-smoking adults who hesitate if they should try smoking or not, it will have zero impact on smokers and teenagers. Moreover, some smokers might point out that these pictures could be spared since they are already aware of the possible risks of smoking.
Abstract Business firms are faced with different legal, social and economic issues in industries they operate in. These issues influence the way a business firm performs in a particular industry. Every business firm needs to put in place effective business strategies to ensure its operations run smoothly without any disruptions. A business firm also needs to take note of internal human resource factors that have a direct effect on overall performance. There are external factors which also influence the manner in which a business firm operates. A business firm needs to put in place risk management measures to help it deal with factors that are likely to impact on its operations negatively. Elite Insurers is a firm that provides different insurance services to its clients in the country. The firm serves both individual and corporate clients who have subscribed to different policies offered by the firm. I have worked in the firm for the last four years which has contributed positively to my career growth. Crown Insurance Company also operates in the same industry and has managed to create a positive impact on its customers. This paper will compare and contrast these two firms by analysing different factors that directly affect their operations. Elite Insurers has been in existence for the last 15 years. The firm has managed to stand out in the industry because it has diversified its products. The firm targets a wide variety of customers in different markets which has contributed positively to its revenues. The management encourages collaborations between senior employees and their subordinates. As a result, the firm’s internal work processes are more efficient because all stakeholders are willing to contribute their ideas to s
Introduction Nowadays ever-changing world sets new challenges and opportunities in the field of retail companies, making them to re-consider their values, strategy, and distribution channels. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the opening of large department stores made a revolution: likewise daily newspapers and electricity, department stores became an integral part of the industrial age. They become such an inalienable issue that one may question this trading format today, namely, in the Internet age. This paper explores Macy’s, the retail chain company, specializing in clothing, footwear, accessories, cosmetics, jewelry, etc., department store development and utilizes tools of organizational development to assume appropriate strategies that would allow the company enhancing its contemporary position on the global market. Problem Identification The very definition of a department store implies that almost all the products that can be needed are collected in one place, beginning with cosmetics and clothes to household goods and appliances. Among other characteristics, such a format meant the convenience of making a purchase, yet today this former advantage of department stores seem to be flawed. For instance, the traditional location in the city center attracts tourists yet frightens residents due to the lack of parking, and the large sales areas as well as the organization of the shopping space that no longer seems perfect compared to the online stores. In other words, customers have other convenient ways to make purchases with the help of new trade formats. The study by Kearney’s pinpoints that the youth audience – the so-called Millenials – tend to visit sho
Communication is the process of transmitting the information. E-communication is a mode of communication that involves the use of a computer to convey the message mainly through websites or using electronic documents. To be able to successfully pass on information from one place to another using e-communication, the main efforts come from the sender and receiver of the message. Just like any other mode of communication, e-communication is also prone to errors (Berlo 98). This is because the receiver of the message may misinterpret the message if it is not clear and not to the point. This always leads to confusion and it also means that the sender wastes his/her efforts and he may likely miss the opportunity if the message is misinterpreted. This means that the sender and the receiver must understand the message passed for communication to be successful. This paper describes four questions based on e-communication. These days, for communication to be successful there must be a sender whose role in e-communication is to ensure that the message conveyed is simple, clear, and leads to the point to enable the receiver to correctly interpret the message without confusion. This will help avoid miss communication. Before sending the message through e-communication, the sender must have full knowledge of the receiver. This is because failure to know whom the message is being sent to may results in a misunderstanding when the message is delivered. On the other hand, the receiver is the person that receives the message and whose role in e-communication is to determine and interpret what is contained in the message received. After knowing the kind of message you want to pass across, it will be easy to determine the type of tool to use for communication. Knowing the receiver will also help you in deciding the type of communication tool to use for e-communication (Schramm 120). For instance, you might decide to call a person if you are aware of their schedule or you might decide to use an email if the message is professional. The urgency of the message and the need for quick feedback or response can also help in determining the type of communication tool to be used for e-communication. In a professional environment, some of the channels you can consider to use to pass your information across are the use of LCD screens, plasma, and window decals (Barnlund 110). However, in a social environment, you may consider using social network sites such as Facebook and Twitter where you are free to use any kind of language to communicate. Knowing the receiver or the decoder will help you know what to expect from them. For example, you can expect a quick response from a professional email service while on the other hand, if it is someone whom you consider a friend or enemy, they can take forever to respond to an email. In such cases, it will be best to consider the face-to-face discussion in case you need a quick response. Another example is a professional environment, first impression means a lot, there is no way you can use slang when sendi
In case of a company hiring a younger team force and cutting off the older employees, there are several possibilities that would be acceptable and fair to each group. Because the younger population has finished their studies and is in need of a job or career development, companies must do their best to hire them. It is necessary for the new employees to get the experience and choice in what they want to pursue. Mistreating previous employees who have reached a certain age is, however, not acceptable. The fact that they have deep knowledge of the company and have input many years proves that they are loyal and have become a part of the organization. The company is successful partly due to their efforts and skills, as they have contributed to the organization and have not left during many years of work. There must be a balance between the new incoming force and the one who has seniority. Not only does the company risk, entrusting its matters to inexperienced employees, thus hurting its profits and reputation, it might also create predisposition where people will analyze the company’s treatment of previous employees and would not want to stay for the long term. In case more mature individuals are offered a 50 per cent cut in their salaries and they have nothing against such policies, it could be acceptable but there would have to be a unified agreement between all employees, as it would be unfair for some to get cut and others to have unchanged salaries. Another option is to decrease the number of hours for either group or offer a choice of different benefits, salaries, and hours. When an employer looks to hire a person who is pregnant or has any other condition that can affect the work temporarily, it would be against policies and human rights to decline the application. Since the law states that people with short-term disabilities must be hired or kept in the workplace, the same conditio