ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Tourism is a quite competitive sector of the economy in today’s business and economic global world. Therefore in order to create a profitable venture out of the industry, it requires the proper planning and management that will enhance total client satisfactory in relation to their needs. The consumer behavior needs should be therefore reflected in the social settings of the industry. Once the planning, marketing meets the dynamic needs of the tourists through forward-looking strategies the industry can experience rapid growth. Therefore this paper shall look at psycho socio aspects in the organization of tourism industry in Australia by the government and the stakeholders in the sector and the participatory cent redness in its management practices. Introduction Tourism is characterized by people who travel a way from their home place purposely for leisure and relaxing. The destination of travel should provides for the goods , services and provision to interact with surrounding environment (Peter 2003). In order to have the tourists benefit more from the tourism there is a need to develop the sector in a way that it encompasses significant development that would satisfy the tourist needs. Through developing the industry it will result into ecologically sustainable tourism which will enhance social, cultural and environmental conservation, therefore aiding and networking the business that foster and sustain tourism such as accommodation, transport, banking, air travel and insurance (Stephen 2007). Developing can not exclude the areas of high conservation value such as natural ecosystem, flora and fauna conservation and historical sites of social and cultural significance. Psychological and sociological issue in the tourism industry in Australia can be approached through the examining the aspects in the tourism attraction that affect tourist specifically towards their behavior as far as interaction is concerned. The connection between the psychological a nd sociological issues is the fact that sociology will examine the social relations invoking the tourists in the the leisure traveling. While psychology will be examining the the behavior in this social phenomena (Terry 2006). Such that the connection between the tourists habits patterns and the causing factor for those behaviors, in the sense that for instance whether the travel to Australia is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated and social conduct reinforcements. In this regard the two related factors that contributes to the tourism industry but distinct in their scope to humanity are the key management pillars towards sustainable ecotourism (Stephen 2007). In Australia tourism and hospitality management systems psychology is used to understand tourist responses and satisfaction. Therefore the connectivity comes in through the use of ps
Integrated marketing communication is a systematic process of managing good customer relations through effective communication. The process tries to ensure all procedures of communication and messages received are interlinked together. It mainly deals with interlinking all promotions tools in order to create harmonious relationship between the customers and the stakeholder. Blizzard is cream product meant for people of all walks of life. It has been in the market for over 25 years now. Due to its long stay in the market, the product needs to adopt a unique marketing approach that would ensure that its market share remains with the targeted group. Various techniques of communication should be applied in order to increase its audience and to reach as many customers as possible. Based on the stage of development of the product in the life-cycle of the product, the following combination of media approaches will be of great use to marketing Blizzard. Use of media such as radio and television which are mostly used by many people this will ensure that a wide group of peopl
Lockheed Martin is the corporation that occurred as the result of Lockheed Corporation and Martin Marietta merging. It is a large corporation that has about thirteen thousands of employees. Lockheed Martin is one of the most prominent representatives of the US Defense industry. One of the distinct features of the company’s strategy has been the attempt to create a socially approved corporate image. The best way to develop this positive image is the compliance with the laws and ethics. Therefore, Lockheed Martin has strived to stick to the high standards of ethical and legal organizational behavior by applying various methods and programs that have led to the controversial outcomes. For any company in the Defense industry politics is of the primary importance because it has deep connections with the economy and, therefore, profitability. Together with this, Lockheed Martin paid a lot of attention to the development of the ethics programs with the main purpose of establishment of the socially-friendly behavior. The company emphasized the compliance with the legislation but has paid great attention to the creation of values and value-based strategies. When the company is managed with the value-based approach, it seems to be more efficient when talking about the regulations and control policies. When the employees are simply obligated to obey some external rules, there is a lack of motivation and inspiration to follow these rules. Although the employees can be aware of the punishment for the violations and the management can make efforts to detect and prevent the illegal behavior, the results still will be less efficient than when staff members are motivated by the shared values that provoke bonding and stimulate the intentional compliance to regulations and laws. Therefore, the values provoke the employees’ self-discipline and contribute to the development of the sound working environment. Ethical business conduction and the inner organizational ethics has been regarded by Lockheed Martin management and executives as of the greatest significance, and they have made “a conscious and sustained effort to make ethics an integral part of Lockheed Martin’s ‘value’ as a corporation” (Terris 3). The company arranged a variety of programs and contributed a lot to the employees’ education and raising awareness of ethical and legal issues. Lockheed Martin hired about sixty-five ethics officers who have been responsible for the constant monitoring of the efficiency of the ethical program and detecting the defects in it. They also are responsible for the employees’ consultation and resolving and evaluation of all the ethical incidents in the organization. Lockheed Martin’s great efforts, the constant improvements, and consideration of the previous mistakes and experiences allowed the elaboration of the excellent programs that consolidated the values and organizational and social inte
Introduction A Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a gadget capable of transforming chemical energy to electrical form. It utilizes micro-organisms for the required catalytic reactions. Certain types of bacteria such as Shewanellaputrefaciens and Aeromonashydrophila are known to release electrons as part of their metabolic activity. Such bacterium feeds on micro-organisms found in wastewater (Aelterman, Freguia, Keller, Verstraete & Rabaey 2008, p. 408). If this bacterium is attached to a cathode of a controlled electric system such as a microbial electrolysis cell and then exposed to wastewater, the result is an electric current. Since these electron-producing bacteria are consuming micro-organisms in the water, the water’s Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels are consequently reduced. This is a critical discovery when considered comprehensively for exploitation. Technological advancements are inevitable in the present world. Additionally, their establishment, implementation, and embracement should be considered effectually. Evidently, the use of Microbial Fuel Cells is a recent technology; hence, there is relatively little research in the area. Further, the science behind some of the aspects of bacterial electro chemistry is little understood. The viability of this kind of technology is extensive as it poses a potentially viable alternative to fossil fuel energy. Also, such technology offers a new and potentially low cost method of wastewater treatment. Importance/ Significance of study Conventional sewage treatment methods require high energy and are costly. There is a need to find alternative methods that are less costly and use less energy for operations. The use of high rate anaerobic methods has increased in recent years. This is applicable in the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and other related refuse. These have significant merits over the conventional treatment methods (Rabaey 2009, pp. 343). The merits are that no oxygen supply is required, and there is minimal sludge in production. Additionally, methane gas is recovered form the operation. The conventional treatment method in small plants usually leave the methane gas go to waste. The gas is lost through the seepage of the reactors used. Thus, conventional waste water treatment methods are n
Abootalebi, Hassan. “The Omnipresence of Television and the Ascendancy of Surveillance/Sousveillance in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 .” [email protected] , vol. 19, no. 1, 2017, pp. 8-14. In this article, the author analyzes Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 by applying Baudrillard’s perspective on the media and Foucault’s concept of surveillance. Abootalebi briefly describes Baudrillard’s view of media, according to which media does not provide the audience with communication; instead, it stages communication and makes people confuse reality with simulation. Next, the author reviews the concept of surveillance, which means imposing constraints on people to make them malleable in favor of the watchers. Abootalebi further analyzes Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 , briefly summarizing the novel and discussing how media is presented there. The author concludes that Bradbury portrays a world in which people are highly influenced by media. However, they do not realize this influence, while it takes a toll on education, literature, and history. This source is valuable for its analysis of the role of media in Fahrenheit 451. Bogár, Ádám Tamás. “Books as Metaphors in The Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451 .” Critical Insights: Ray Bradbury , edited by Rafeeq O. McGiveron, Salem Press, 2017, pp. 163-177. This chapter explores the role of books in two of Bradbury’s works: The Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451 . Bogár argues that books in Bradbury’s writing were used as symbols and helped the writer create the atmosphere of home or a good and friendly place. The author discusses how books in Fahrenheit 451 symbolized a knowledge repository, the storage of human life, and the importance of thinking. Bogár also describes the meaning of the physical representation of books both in Bradbury’s writings and personal life. The author concludes that Bradbury’s purpose was to prove that books encouraged critical thinking, which, in turn, was a necessary condition for sustaining a conscientious society. This source is valuable for its detailed analysis of the book symbolism in Bradbury’s works. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451: A Novel . Simon and Schuster, 2012. This novel depicts a dystopian world in which books are burned by firemen, and critical thinking is strongly discouraged. In this world, individuals rush through their lives and have no time to stop and think over vital questions. When they have spare time, they entertain themselves with various types of media enabled by advanced technologies or lead empty conversations with each other. Montag, the protagonist of the novel, seems to be well-suited for this dystopian world. However, as the story proceeds, various events make him realize the emptiness of his life and evoke a thirst for knowledge in him. This novel is significant because it shows what could happen to a society if it rejected books in favor of the media and lost the ability to think critically. Gebreen, Hayder Ali Kadhim. “Dystopian World of Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451
Researchers often try to determine whether there are causal relations between several phenomena, and this question is of great importance to medical workers, especially epidemiologists. Austin Bradford Hill introduced a set of criteria that could help to evaluate the causation or prove or disprove its validity. This paper is aimed to discuss a review article Theoretical Aspects of Autism written by Helen Ratajczak (2011). The author discusses various empirical studies that examine various causes of this disorder. On the whole, it is possible to say that the standards set by Austin Hill cannot be always met, in part because the physiological aspects of this disease have not been fully investigated. This is the main issue that should be kept in mind. Overall, Helen Ratajczak (2011) applies some of the criteria established by Hill, but she does not completely follow his guidelines. First of all, Helen Ratajczak points out that autism may be attributed to multiple causes (2011, p. 68). To explain causality, the author applies several criteria. In particular one can speak about the temporal relationship and the relationship between the dose and response. These are the criteria identified by Hill. For instance, the author notes that children who have been to a vaccine preservative called thimerosal are more likely to have autistic disorders (Ratajczak, 2011, p.70). Additionally, the researcher applies such a standard as consistency, especially when she argues that patients with this problem often had such infections as Stealth virus, measles, or measles (Ratajczak, 2011, p.74). This is one of the trends that researchers often identify. To a great extent, exposure to such viruses can be called a risk factor that is associated with the disease (Aschengrau & Seage, 2008, p. 388. Nevertheless, one cannot say that the author applies each of the criteria identified by Austin Bradford Hill. For instance, one can note that the gradient or reversibility criterion is not met. The thing is that the causal relationship can be reversed only by the experiment, but at this point, such experiments can be dangerous. It should be noted that in their article Kenneth Rotman and Sander Greenland (2005) identify the difficulties of assessing causality. One of their main arguments is that researchers should focus on the validity of the study and quantitative evaluation of error (Rotman & Greenland, 2005, p. 150). Similarly, Helen Ratajczak (2011) also pays attention to the reliability of the studies that are included in the review. On the whole, one can say Hill’s guidelines are not fully applicable to th
Research articles can offer a significant amount of information and serve as a strong force for progress in many areas. However, researchers should evaluate strong and weak points of the article that they want to use before citing it in their study. In the field of business ethics, the articles about corporate governance often investigate a single area or a place. For example, in the article published in 2015 and called “Corporate Governance and Its Reform in Hong Kong: A Study in Comparative Corporate Governance,” Michael and Goo explore various data from a number of sectors of Hong Kong corporate governance. The authors focus on the concepts of family ownership and self-dealing, with an intention to provide a new insight for other researchers. The purpose of this paper is to find the main strengths and weaknesses of this article as well as determine the article’s importance and implications to society. Article Summary The authors of the article discuss the state of corporate governance in Hong Kong with an intention to compare the experiences of the companies in this area to the general information about corporate governance systems of the world. They look into the recent data on the topics of family control and self-dealing, pension investments, and minority shareholders. According to the authors, a significant amount of companies in Hong Kong are owned and controlled by families. They present data showing that families control about seventy percent of publicly traded companies (Michael & Goo, 2015). This information leads authors to suggest that such corporate governance may concentrate on family-oriented decisions and ignore the interests of others. The authors claim that companies with higher levels of family control are not affected by independent directors and, thus, can have problems with earning management. Such governance can also result in self-dealing, which in turn leads to tunneling and misinformation about company’s transactions. To deal with these problems, the authors suggest involving minority shareholders and pension funds and making transactions more transparent to everyone. The authors also present two issues that are not present in Hong Kong but appear in companies of other cities: high executive compensation and accounting and auditing problems. According to the data, the salaries of persons in executive roles in Hong Kong are rather moderate in comparison to international rates. The authors say that companies with excessive remuneration for executives may have problems with their corporate governance because people in executive roles can influence other workers into agreeing to a higher executive pay. However, executive pay in Hong Kong remains restricted. The second issue, which does not affect Hong Kong companies significantly, is connected to accounting and auditing weaknesses. Michael and Goo (2015) suggest that the presence of independent directors on audit committees and tight controls lead Hong Kong companies to make investors feel secure. Strong and Weak Points of the Article The article has some strong and weak
Aim of the Study The aim of the study is to identify leadership strategies used by football and tennis coaches in the UK and the motivations behind the selection of these strategies. Objectives   * To identify the coaching leadership styles used by football and tennis coaches   * To compare the motivations for using coaching leadership style in football and tennis   * To uncover the effect of the coaching leadership styles on player satisfaction   * To develop possible suggestions for improving the current situation Literature Review Chapter Leadership Strategy The leadership strategy used by a coach has an impact on the performance and satisfaction of the team members. According to Ferrar et al . (2018), leadership is a behavioral process where the leader influences others to achieve the set goals. The importance of this definition is that it places special emphasis on the intentions of the leader (achieving the set goals) while mentioning the necessity for interactions between team members and the leader. In defining the nature of effective leadership Heidari et al . (2019) state that it involves an understanding of the motivations of team members and should target to minimize potential losses of productivity. However, Collins and Durand-Bush (2014) believe that this can be achieved when the leader develops team cohesion, therefore, allowing the team to operate at its potential. Consequently, cohesion depends on the relationship between the team members and the coach. One common theme in all leadership styles is the ability of the leader to have a positive impact on group dynamics by following the objective of the team. In this sense, Heidari et al . (2019) argue that the act of leadership seeks to influence others to follow the leader. Konter et al . (2019) further concluded that effective leadership is best achieved through methods such as manipulation, coercion, and persuasion. However, Ferrar et al . (2018) insist that there must be respect and an understanding of the power dynamics between the follower and the leader. It means that all parties must acknowledge the power balance between them. Furthermore, every action involved in successful leadership is political because there is always room for coercion. General Approach to Leadership Theories Several articles have been written about leadership, with some claiming that it can be achieved through heredity and others by ex
The author fundamentally proposes that basic intention that the noted Shakespearian plays like King Lear, Hamlet, Macbeth, and Othello are not really tragedies but they are in reality a piece of romantic tragedy or it can be stated that these works were examples romanticizing tragedy. In the same context, the author remarked that as a dramatist, Shakespeare had little or no interest in the traditional romantic form of literature that was successful in the medieval era or the form of texts that were the most influential of the age. Thus, it is evident from the arguments of the author believes in the thought process that though not in the usual pattern of the era Shakespeare constructed his works in the line of romantic nature but actually instrumented these elements of romance in tragedy and camouflaged the drama thus creating a new form of drama (Davis, p. 1). Understanding Shakespeare’s development of drama in the story of Hamlet and other tragedies requires an understanding of the particular elements that are considered. Those elements include a sense of pride, a sense of honor, justice, loyalty and camaraderie, love and devotion that are translated regardless of the era in which the reader would exist along with the specifications of the fact that Hamlet, and the main characters of other tragedies, is a combination of three major elements that shapes his nature (King, p. 88). These are fundamentally his notion of spiritual knowledge along with his contemplative or reflective attitude. Additionally Hamlet is also shaped by the artistic or dramatic elements that reflect the internal confusions of the man. It can well be mentioned that the wondrous ability of Shakespearean works would be the very fact that translation into modern times is a simple endeavor and that the emotions, the reactions, in fact, the very basic instincts which are portrayed would and could easily be seen in this world as they were in the imagination of William Shakespeare (Lamb, p. 226). Thus, it can be easily stated that all the qualities of romantic drama are present in these texts so it is evident that the author was perfectly correct while making the statements. More about Hamlet What is Hamlet’s concluding thought after he has mused over the skulls and the idea of death? 5 518 What was the “moment of final suspense” in Hamlet? 5 1215 Why does Hamlet kill Polonius? 5 399 What does the first soliloquy reveal about Hamlet? 5 99 Which Details in Hamlet Reflect Elizabethan Society? 5 2117 In What Sense is Hamlet Wrong in His Plotting Against and Killing of Claudius and in What Sense He is not? 5 679