ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The selected three MNC’s are Coca- Cola, McDonald’s and Nokia Coca –Cola Set up way back in 1886, Coca-Cola is now a household name in most countries of the world. Through sheer innovative zeal, brilliant promotional strategies and aggressive marketing, Coca-Cola has made its presence felt in more than 200 countries of the world. With around 400 brands to choose from, Coca-Cola has endeared itself to the masses of the universe, in whichever continent, or country, it may be. With the active support of local bottlers and consumers, it “exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches.” (Coca Cola Now). Its core business of origin is the United States of America and it operates in well over 200 countries of the world. Besides Japan, Coca-Cola is consumed in many countries like Brazil, China, Eastern Europe, India, Pakistan, Russia, Southern Eurasia and Turkey.” (Isdell). The main reasons or advantages for entering the markets of other countries is to create a world brand image for Coca-Cola and when anybody in the world wished to consume a soft drink, it should be Coca-Cola. It is also with a view to build up “the world’s largest and most powerful beverage distribution network.” (Isdell). The yearly sales and assets figures are as follows: Year  Sales            Assets                (US $ millions)  (US $ millions) 2001  17,374           22,550          2002  19,394           24,470          2003  20,857           27,410          2004  21,742           31,441          2005  23,104           29,427           (Isdell and Fayard). We shall first analyze the Sales figures of Coca Cola as disclosed by their fiscal statements. It is seen that the first years growth was nearly 12 % on sales, in the second year this has been 8% on sales, in the third year, this is just 4% and finally in 2005 it has registered 6% on sales. This it could be said that the sales performance of Coca Cola has not been consistent, since it is an average of just 7.5% over the years under consideration. This could primarily be due to competitor activities, and the fact that in certain countries, Coca Cola has been considered as a health hazard and thus actively discouraged. Both Pepsi and other colas are offering strong competition against Coca Cola and also, its other brands are not as popular as the flagship brand. Coming to assets, it is seen that its assets have registered 9% in the first year, 12% in the second year, 15% in the third year and -6 % in the fourth year This although its asset growth has been encouraging, it has faced reverses in last year under review. Yet Coca Cola has maintained average asset growth rate of around 7% which is not distressing, considering that worldwide market, especially in US had shrunk due to recession and other economic factors. McDonald’s Chain Set up in 1955, McDonald’s food chain now has more than 30,000 local restaurants, catering to the needs of around 52 Million people in 100 countries of the world. (About McDonald’s). The main advantage of entering into franchising agreements with people in other coun
Introduction News articles, reports, and other credible materials revealed that criminal behaviors and/or tendencies are becoming highly prevalent, bringing more and bigger problems to society. Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) suggest that the problem with most approaches to crime is that they tend to ignore its characteristics. While not denying the prevalence of serious victimization, “the vast majority of criminal acts are trivial and mundane affairs that result in little loss and less gain”. These are events “whose temporal and spatial distributions are highly predictable”, typically representing unprotected targets close at hand with little or no surveillance or resistance. They are also events that “require little preparation,” virtually no specialized knowledge or skill, and “often do not produce the result intended by the offender”. Following a review of the evidence, they make the same case for so-called white-collar offenders and organized crime. Quoting Stanton Wheeler and his associates, they report that “ we emerged with a strong sense of the banal, mundane quality of the vast majority of white collar offences “. This observation reinforces the credibility of the theory’s claim to be “general”. Main body In terms of their theory of action, Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) argue that all crimes occur because they are chosen. They say that there is significant variation in the extent to which people choose to act offensively or recklessly based on their underlying “criminality”. This criminality or impulsiveness is an individual property characterized by several things: the need for immediate gratification of desires, the utilization of simple means (“money without work, sex without courtship, revenge without court delays”), preferences for exciting, thrilling, or risky activities, little interest in long term interpersonal or economic investments, little interest in skillful or sophisticated criminal planning, and insensitivity to the pain or discomfort of others. This global outlook will also extend to the non-criminal acts of low self-control individuals: “they will tend to smoke, drink, use drugs, gamble, have children out of wedlock, and engage in illicit sex… people who lack self-control will tend to be impulsive, insensitive, physical (as opposed to mental), risk-taking, short-sighted, and nonverbal, and they will tend therefore to engage in criminal and analogous acts”. Such traits appear where parental supervision has been lacking, and/or where discipline has been harsh and inconsistent, where the children are stigmatized and rejected, as opposed to shamed and reintegrated (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990). The traits are evident to teachers as early as the first grades and they tend to persist throughout the life cycle. This is the stability theorem, and it has considerable relevance in penology since it makes later life rehabilitation unrealistic. This general theory is important because it is quite clear about the probable relevance of a number of other key life experiences to delinquency and misconduct – the school, delinquent friends, drugs, an
The suppression of Drug abuse is arguably one of the most pressing concerns of governments and communities all over the world. In United States, the number of people involved in drug abuse is constantly rising at an alarming rate. The mere existence of such habits in America is shocking since its states are characterized by having elaborate law enforcement, above average education and healthcare systems which are in place to ensure that majority of the population have access to these social amenities when they need them. However, the inequitable distribution and inefficiency of such facilities has contributed highly to the moral decadence being experienced in most parts of America. In a bid to explore the various impacts that are brought about by drug abuse, I took it upon myself to investigate the various aspects that could have contributed to drug abuse in my neighborhood (Flushing, New York). The data utilized in this research is quantitative in nature and I collected it through various interviews that I carried out in different parts of the neighborhood. The questions asked during the interviews were formulated in such a way that they could help establish the reasons as to how the targeted participants got caught up in drug abuse, why they did it, the effects that developed from their habits and how they managed to recover from their addiction. This paper shall therefore bring to light the causes and effects of drug abuse in Flushing, New York as portrayed through the interviews. The underlying factors that have contributed to this vice shall be uncovered and recommendations on possible solutions offered. My neighborhood Flushing is among the largest neighborhoods in New York City. Founded in 1645, the neighborhood has grown and today, it is the most diversified area in New York. As such, it is home to numerous people with different ethnical backgrounds. It is well maintained and has all the necessary social amenities such as schools, hospitals and recreational centers. However, just like any other neighborhood, Flushing is characterized by incidences of crime, gang related feuds, drug abuse and gross misconduct especially among the youth. These immoral attributes makes this neighborhood a force to reckon with. Drug abuse in Flushing Drug abuse in Flushing is relatively high due to the large number of people living within the neighborhood. Most of the people living in the area lead an average life with little
The first part of the essay is response to question one about how one would deal with the issue of cultural diversity in a situation where culture abuses the rights of minority. The second part is about how one would respond to the issue of personal interests as well as issues of national security. There is response to the ethical aspects of journalism on how to act in situations where personal interest conflict with national interest. The islander tribe has a cultural practice where they expect the elderly as well as infirm to leave them off, go to a far place, and die. This practice existed in the ancient and medieval days where the elderly and the infirm members of the community were a burden and therefore not appreciated at all. This is in the view that such societies survived on hunting and gathering as their source of livelihood hence the need for each member to participate in those activities. The elderly people could not engage in such activities due to the condition of their bodies. Failure to take care of them was the only option because they were a burden to the healthy people. However, in the modern days, this practice should not be tolerated because it violates the rights of human beings. This is based on the view that every person is entitled to the basic human rights without favor or discrimination. The act of abandoning and sending people away because they are elderly or disabled is backward. Culture is dynamic and it keeps on changing depending on the times, artifacts, and knowledge about culture. Therefore, culture needs not to be an excuse for mistreating weak people and denying them the right of association as well as basic needs. A journalist who receives information with a potential to increase website popularity but would compromise national security has the following response. The issues, which conflict one’s interests with the nation’s interests are encountered by practicing journalists. When such an issue arises, the best and ethical thing to do is failing to publish such materials on one’s website if they would compromise national security. This is because national security is a major issue that affects the life of people. Compromising national security during the time of terrorists attack is an offence that warrants treason. This is because a website can be accessed by anyone, which makes it difficult to control who will read that information. This means that terrorists or the nation’s enemies may use such information to attack the country. In a situation where personal interests conflict with the national interests’, national interest prevails. When the public demands the information and it is necessary to know what is happening in the defense forces such as corruption, the public interest should prevail. However, in a case of persona
The design was always indissolubly tied with social life. In contrast to artists, who preferred to create their masterpieces alone, designers were always consumer-oriented in order to make their projects competitive. It was always important for designers how their projects were perceived by society. In order to be successful designers always collaborated with clients, producers, and people of art. “Design has always been a social activity, arising in response to a problem, opportunity, or circumstance in the world”. (Lupton par. 6). In the contemporary world of computer technologies and the web industry designers, cerate not only completed objects of consumption but also instruments that people use for work. In such a way, people who use the products of designers work are not just consumers of goods, but in a certain matter collaborators of this project. Last time it may be observed such tendency as a collaboration of designers, or even of design teams. In the modern world of rapidly developing technologies, team working has more chances for success in comparison with working alone. Many designers form partnerships not only for purpose of labor division and thoughts exchange. The high advantage of a successful business team is an opportunity to create public opinion, persuading customers that only their projects are worth buying. One of the peculiarities of modern design tendencies is the wide expanse of design technologies. Especially it deals with the sphere of computer and internet communication. Creating its own blog or webpage, an internet user becomes a designer. This very software, which is used for this blog creation, and which is the product of a design team, now allows an ordinary user to feel like a designer itself. “Just as professional designers want to become authors, publishers, builders, and fabricators, members of the so-called “general public” want to try their own hands at designing spaces, making furniture, building Web sites, editing video, modifying software, and so on.” (Lupton par.15). Life does not stand still, and the ideas pointed out in the given article have a tendency to widen. Nowadays, it is practically impossible to imagine a designer who does not use specialized software in his work. The development of modern software I now a big business. The contemporary function of design is to provide conditions for commercialization. A huge amount of purchases is performed nowadays by means of internet shops. The distributor is highly interested in the better quality o
Jainism or Jain Dharma is an ancient dharmic religion preaching no harm to any living being. The homeland of this doctrine is in India, where the majority of its followers are located. Today, there are a growing number of communities in various countries whose members support the philosophy of Jainism. Jainism is based, first of all, on the continuous self-improvement of the soul to achieve all-power, all-out and eternal bliss. The soul that got rid of the body shell and reached nirvana becomes a jiva. Much can be found in this religion in common with Buddhism. Both religions view suffering as an integral part of samsara – being. The central concept of religion is the belief that the soul is immortal, yet dependent. Such dependence refers to the individual’s exposure to birth and all the resulting suffering. Proper behavior helps to free the soul from karma, which causes dependence and suffering. When the soul is freed from karma, it acquires divine (pure) consciousness, infinite knowledge, perception, and happiness. To clean karma, among other things, it is necessary to win by the power of spirit all suffering and deprivation resulting from hunger, thirst, heat, cold. Unlike Buddhism, where it is necessary not to give up all desires to avoid suffering, in Jainism, it is vital not to harm living beings. This principle is called Ahimsa – no harm to the living. If a person does not fulfill this vow, it is pointless to obey the other rules. This principle includes not only a ban on physical harm but on words and actions, as those can also hurt. That is why people need to be careful about what and how they say. Besides, this principle includes non-absolutism – respect for the opinion and view of the world of another being. Ignoring this rule, albeit indirectly, can cause harm and makes karma worse that causes human suffering.
Amazing Olympics: Track and Field is a proposed game, and its theme is to win in the most prestigious sports competition in the world. It is possible to compete with both simulated players and friends online. The game world is limited to a few sports stadiums where a player performs in various disciplines, including 30-meter racing, 60-meter racing, hurdling, javelin throwing, shot putting, and pole vaulting. At this point, it is reasonable to explain the core mechanics of Amazing Olympics: Track and Field. Players have four buttons on the screen to control their athletes. These buttons flash chaotically, and the player’s task is to press them as quickly and accurately as possible. If it happens, the athlete is performing well, while if a player places a wrong button or presses the right one with delay, the athlete stumbles, loses speed, and fails to meet the rules. The player should perform in each of the disciplines in sequence. If they, for example, fail to beat all rivals in 60-meter racing, the player may not start hurdling competitions. The final victory occurs when the player manages to receive first-place prizes in all six disciplines. Another attractive option is that the players can alter the appearance and uniform of their athletes. In conclusion, The Amazing Olympics: Track and Field are suitable for individuals who are interested in sports games. Even though the game interface entirely focuses on athletic competitions, successful results directly depend on players’ reaction time. The faster they press the correct button, the more chances they have to beat their opponents. Even though the game core mechanics are considered elementary, it will be quite challenging to win in a competition and obtain the Olympic medals.
Introduction There are many approaches to defining deviant behavior and singling out its root causes. Some scholars argue that people’s biological features are at the core of aberrant conduct, whereas others consider the social impact to play a critical role. Based on these differing ideas, researchers defend their positions on why people break the law in various situations. The present paper aims at supporting a social deviance position and analyzing one of the core topics related to deviance. Specifically, Merton’s (1938) argument of deviance will be defended, and the theme of drug abuse will be discussed. The Social Deviance Position The position taken is the agreement with Merton’s statement about the causes of deviance in society. Particularly, Merton (1938) argues that deviance occurs when the abilities of society’s members to achieve socially acceptable goals are not equal. According to Merton (1938), two elements are constituting the social and cultural structure: cultural goals and institutional norms. The first element makes up the frame of aspirational reference composed of interests and aims in the cultural dimension that presuppose different levels of sentiment and prestige (Merton, 1938). The second element is responsible for controlling and regulating the acceptable modes of gaining the purposes from the first one. The rationale behind agreeing with the argument is that the scholar offered a viable typology of deviance, which explains that individuals can become criminals if they cannot achieve the socially accepted values by legal means. This position can be related to drug abuse in the following way. People buying drugs have rejected the culturally acceptable norm of leading a healthy lifestyle. However, at the same time, they share the cultural value of receiving pleasure or pain relief (depending on what their purpose in using drugs is). Hence, according to Merton’s (1938) theory, deviant behavior can be manifested by following one norm but rejecting the other one in an attempt to gain the first. The social deviance definition emerging from the selected position involves the compensation of institutionalized behavior by socialized rewards. Merton (1938) argues that it is necessary to arrange the distribution of roles in society in such a way that each position within the distributive structure should have an equal number of positive incentives and status obligations. Thus, deviant behavior may be considered as a sign of dissociation between the aspirations defined by cultural norms and the means expected by the social system. The disproportionate emphasis on objectives is the primary concern of the selected deviance position. Examples Supporting the Position Merton’s major goal is to emphasize the disruption of the social structure and prove that it can affect deviance (“Social disorganization,” 2020). The scholar distinguishes between five types of adjustment and adaptation: conformity, ritualism, innovation, retreatism,
Introduction There are many children and adolescents who live in foster care. This essay deals with the problems of the children who are in non relative care. It also deals with the factors that lead children to non relative care, the way the study is conducted, the data used in study, subjects of study, the method of analysis etc. Problem or objective statement There are lot of children and adolescents who live in foster care. There are many reasons for one to be admitted in a foster care. Here, the main issues to be addressed are the problems of children who are placed in foster care, the social impact of foster care centers, whether these centers are run as they are supposed, the effect of non relative care on children etc. Children in foster care are brought up without getting the love and care of real parents. So, their mindset will be different from children who are brought up by real parents. As there are many people who come out of foster care to face the challenges of life, it is very important to study the problems they face in society. There has been a considerable increase in adoption in recent years. So, we also have to discuss about social issues that lead a child to foster care. The other studies related with the same topic reveal some interesting results. The change in attitude of people towards human relationship is the main reason for increase in adoption. So, study of this topic would not just be a study of foster centre. We could also evaluate the depth of human relations through this. “Over the past 50 years, adoption has changed more than it did over the thousands of years between the first recorded accounts of adoptions in ancient times and the mid-20th century. These changes have followed societal trends and reflect the greater openness in our discussions about personal matters and our deeper understanding of human strengths and weaknesses that have occurred in almost every segment of our lives.” (Adoption Information para 2). Literature review One can be admitted into foster care centre related to many reasons. The main reason is economic. “Foster care is care provided for children whose families are temporarily unable to care for them. The local government determines the process of arranging foster care. Foster care is surprisingly common in the United States—about 750,000 children are in the foster care system each year.” (Foster care para 1). Parents who cannot bring up their children normally give them to foster care centers. But, the financial problem alone may not be the main issue. Personal and social reasons can also lead parents to take decision to place their children to these centers. In case the parents are not alive child can be admitted to foster care centers. If the parents are not alive there are not many choices other than sending the child to foster care center. Some people get vol