ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nanotechnology has both advantages and disadvantages to the environment and human beings. Human beings are largely exposed to the chemical particles released by the nuclear process. This poses a formidable problem because they can cause respiratory diseases such as lung cancer among others. Nanoparticles in the nuclear waste are easily absorbed by the human body leading to adverse effects of the respiratory system (Hull and Bowman 168). The development of new technology has in the recent past resulted to the increased number of deaths. For instance, many people are dying of respiratory diseases due to chemical exposure. Some of these ultra-fine particles are emitted from natural processes such as volcanic smoke and forest fires. These ultra-fine particles have a substantial effect to both human beings and the environment (Hull and Bowman 168). Hazard of Concern The greatest concern is to reduce health effects caused by nanomaterials affecting individuals’ health and environmental safety. Radiation exposure especially in emergent countries has increased due to the use of cheap radioactive materials and less awareness of its risks. Exposure to the chemical is inherent given the fact that anthropogenic and natural ultra-fine particles are involved. The capacity of nanoparticles that can be absorbed by the body to cause adverse effects is not known up to date. Therefore, it is vital to identify the chemical processes that are likely to cause health effects (Zhang 323). Nuclear materials used to manufacture engineered nanomaterials such as electronic penetrate the human body without the consent of an individual. The combustion process of these materials is characterized by welding fumes and diesel exhaust which emits a considerable percentage of impurities in the atmosphere. These impurities are risky to the human health and the environment. Chemicals such as uranium oxide used in the mining process can be dangerous especially during its conversion to uranium hexafluoride (Zhang 323). Risk Assessment Boundaries Chemical exposure is likely to be high at the place of work where radioactive materials are commonly used. Areas of occupation such as hospitals, military camps and academic institutions are likely to facilitate radioactive exposure. Individuals that work in the nuclear waste management industries are exposed to impurities such as nitrogen found in the nitrogen fuels. Consumers of nuclear wastes are also prone to the dangers associated with this environmental hazard. Scrap metal is commonly used to make cheap containers used by manufacturing Companies in the packaging. These metals contain radioactive chemicals that are
Daniel Barenboim is one of the most re-known pianist and conductor in the world. He is an Ashkenazi Jew born in Argentina. His passion for piano started at a tender age of five with his mother teaching him some piano lessons. He gave his first official concert at age seven and from then he never looked back. His postings on YouTube are very fascinating to watch. Some of the postings include the famous Beethoven Sonata and later some pieces by Wagner. The clips are just amazing and incomparable in terms of quality and passion the Barenboim demonstrates. The G-major sonata truly rocks and has attracted a lot of admiration and respect for Barenboim. This paper will discuss Barenboim’s musical journey, life philosophies and political views. A strong personality is what is needed for one to play the piano and conduct at the same time. Being a high profile international artist, having a warm personality is a basic ingredient. Barenboim expressed this when performing Beethoven’s masterpieces. Daniel has always had a modest performance without any pretence. His musical personality has made his performances to be so compelling to the audience (Lewin 32). Barenboim is always regarded to as a spontaneous and impulsive performer. Some people see Daniel as being very impatient in the way he plays the piano at the podium. This is debatable because Barenboim’s performances have always been unpredictable. Some people attribute this to his spontaneous personality. Generally, Barenboim is an accomplished performer with a musical personality that is warm and compelling. These qualities have made many people allover the world to like his performances. Barenboim’s musical philosophy is a very pragmatic one. According to Daniel Barenboim, music is an art that has neither a beginning nor an end. He argues that sensuality and feeling can only find some form in music. According to Barenboim, true music is a combination of form and freedom and not emotionalism which he considers as lifeless. Barenboim has the ability to make music to appear as it was born at the time of performance. Barenboim’s music always takes a rigorous form combined with deep strategy and endless knowledge (Lewin 56). Daniel believes that sound perfection should be done in the living moment because music sounds unique every time it is performed. Daniel argues that the only way music can thrive is by performing it repetitively. According to Daniel, people can learn a lot of things about life from music than the opposite. Barenboim believes that music and politics can not be separated. He has been at the forefront in criticizing the Israeli foreign policy especially against Palestine. Fearing for his life, Daniel Barenboim gave up his intention of performing Wa
Introduction The article, titled “Importance of Good Teamwork in Urgent Care Services”, makes reference to a case study to investigate the topics of teamwork and communication in a London emergency department (ED) resuscitation unit, and also to draw conclusions regarding the factors that might inhibit and encourage effective communication, leadership, interaction and collaboration among team members (Meier, 2014). As demonstrated in this paper, the article provides valuable insights into how teams in the healthcare setting operate, the common types of communication failures among team members, as well as how frequent communication failures within an organization impede performance and lead to poor quality of patient care. Purpose/Type of Team The team discussed in the article is an ED resuscitation unit consisting of “a senior medical consultant, an anesthetist, a junior doctor, a band five nurse, two nursing students and a healthcare assistant (HCA)” (Meier, 2014, p. 33). The purpose of the team, it seems from the case scenario, is to share complementary skills and work collaboratively with the view to addressing emergency medical cases at the ED resuscitation unit. In the case study, this team is charged with the responsibility of providing care to a 67-year old man suffering from cardiac arrest. The word “team” is described in the literature as “a distinguishable set of two or more people who interact dynamically, interdependently and adaptively toward a common and valued goal, objective or mission, and who have each been assigned specific roles or functions to perform” (Meier, 2014, p. 32). The reviewed article is definite that effective and efficient teams are essential, particularly within high-pressure environments such as EDs, as patients’ care and treatment outcomes are sorely dependent on actions are taken in minutes or even seconds. The article is also definite that effective teams not only lead to high patient satisfaction and enhanced staff innovation but also minimize stress levels and facilitate communication among members within the healthcare setting (Meier, 2014). This view is reinforced in the literature by Hunt (2014), who acknowledges that effective teamwork in practice teams aids performance, productivity, work satisfaction as well as superior patient care and treatment outcomes. Communication Failures The article discusses at length the importance of communication as the gel that holds effective teams together in the healthcare setting. Indeed, the author is clear that members of a resuscitation team must develop the capacity to communicate openly about their actions, findings and concerns about clinical or safety issues, not mentioning that they must have the competency to give feedback and review whether they have accomplished their objective regularly (Meier, 2014). Feedback and review can only be necessitated through effective communication (Hunt, 2014), hence its importance. The article is definite that feedback through effective communication improves members’ self-awareness, encourages the more dominant members to listen more and the quieter members to become more vocal, and also opens avenues to the team me
Executive Summary Avon library is a technology driven business project that offers library services to the Avon community. However, it relies on old technology and the need to integrate new technologies comes with a host of benefits. Among them is real time information access and retrieval, access to various collections that can be accessed freely, a flexible system that can be used by different people of different age groups, and provides the important link between the community and the global community. To achieve that, the business plan outlines a number of objectives to achieve among them being to facilitate thinking and integration of the community to meet the standards of evolving communications technology. These are achieved through the company’s current workforces who are bound to increase with the increasing needs and expanded services. Various action plans have been outlined on achieving all these. Through the provision of these services, Avon intends to create a wide market for selling a wide variety of software products, data services, and other data processing services. This will be done under the leadership of well qualified personnel. Objectives One of the objectives of this business plan is to provide library development technology guidelines for the Avon community for the next five years. Another objective is to facilitate thinking in the line of technological needs of the Avon community, provide a budget driven framework planning for the next five years, and provide a basis for the integration of technology and the expansion of services provision for the community in addition to meeting the set standards for discount offers in telecommunications. Mission statement The Avon library will become a state of the art information hub for the community and be a model project that can be modeled elsewhere. The library will exploit modern internet library technologies for efficient and real time access to services. To achieve this, the library intends to provide the following service:  1. A variety of collections and free and flexible access to these collections.  2. Well informed and skilled staff  3. Different library services which target a people of all ages  4. Technology that serves as a link between individuals and the global community. Summary about the company’s current technology The company has networked 45 desktop computers and a laptop which constitutes 25 public workstation and 20 staff workstations spread within the community. The purpose of the 20 staff workstations is to provide services for placing queries online and other information related to library services. A T-1 line provides telecommunication connections for all members who subscribe to these library services. On the other hand, the library has its own website besides the intranet services it offers the residents of Avon. A log management system provides
Octavio Paz, a famous Mexican poet, called Puritan culture the culture of exclusion. Comparing the character of Mexicans and North Americans, Paz stated that the North American society is based on ideas of the beneficial effects of asceticism and the cult of work (24). A Puritan sees every contact as contamination: the germs of impurity are in foreign bodies, customs, and ideas (Paz 24). A person of moral purity is imprisoned by certain principles constantly repeated everywhere (Paz 25). Therefore, North Americans deny their body and desires (Paz 37). Investigating the works of American Puritans, researchers found all these peculiarities of exclusive culture: exclusion of leisure, emotions, imagination, and exclusion of foreigners. For Puritans, the main question of life was the pursuit of God’s will. Therefore, there was no place for carefree entertainment. Every pious settler should make the recordings of their lives to find the signs of God and follow the path of predestination (Ruland et al. 15). Examples of such journals are Bradford’s and Winthrop’s, accountings of the Reverend Thomas Shepard and Spiritual Travels of Nathan Cole, Cotton Mather’s volumes, records by Samuel Sewall, Personal Narrative of the great divine Jonathan Edwards (Ruland et al. 15-16). The most remarkable example of American utility doctrine is The New England Primer (1683?) – a textbook for children that suggested learning the alphabet with the help of dogmatic mnemonic rhymes (Ruland et al. 18). The dutifulness and practicality demonstrated in the stated works reflect the typical Puritan approach to life. There is no place for imaginative literature in the Puritan world: historians found plenty of history and travel records, diaries, and sermons, but no prose fiction and theatre plays. Even recognizing the importance of poetry, Puritans rigorously limited it to the world of providential and transcendental things (Ruland et al. 16). While the seventeenth century in Britain was a plentiful age in writing, North Americans utilized the “plain style” (Ruland et al. 17-18). Puritans suspected “pictorial, musical and verbal creations” as something made for distraction and sensorial pleasure (Ruland et al. 18). For instance, Cotton Mather, in his Manuductio ad Ministerium (1726), warned about a “devil’s library” that contained many modern novels, plays, and poems (Rul
What does this research indicate about trends for physician group practice? The article “Physicians Moving to Mid-Sized, Single Specialty Practices” examines the new trend in healthcare practice. New group practices “are experienced in different regions” (Tollen, 2008, p. 4). The “number of solo physician practices has decreased significantly in the past few years” (Sultz & Young, 2011, p. 16). A study conducted by the Center for Studying Health System Change (CSHSC) indicates that more physicians are looking for employment. The other observation is that such physicians are working in groups of less than 50 practitioners. This situation shows clearly that a new model has emerged. This organizational model is making it easier for more physicians to offer quality care to their patients. According to this data, medical practitioners are no longer practicing alone. This is the case because new groups have emerged. Such groups “are characterized by 6 to 50 physicians” (Tollen, 2008, p. 6). This organizational model is currently supporting the expectations of many patients. Such groups have the potential to improve the level of collaboration. These physicians can interact with different caregivers in order to offer the best care. New reporting procedures have emerged in order to support the changing needs of different patients. This new trend “might not end any time soon” (Liebhaber & Grossman, 2007, p. 2). More practitioners are joining different institutions in order to become more efficient. The number of “physicians in solo or duo practice has also decreased significantly” (Liebhaber & Grossman, 2007, p. 3). This development has led to the establishment of larger groups. These medical practitioners should work together as teams in order to support their patients. According to Liebhaber and Grossman (2007, p. 4), “some forces such as financial issues and technological changes are encouraging more physicians to join different groups”. Such groups are producing effective health plans that can produce the best outcomes. Health Care Leaders encourage more physicians to join different mid-sized groups. Such groups can offer the best health support. However, such groups might be unable to offer charity care to different patients. The provided data shows a decline in the number of solo practitioners in the United States. This trend has taken a unique shape from 1996 to 2005. Statistics show that more physicians are working together. The concept of managed care has also become common in different parts of the world. More physicians are forming multispecialty groups in order to support more patients. Several reasons explain
This paper will examine the core and subsidiary themes concerning city form and structure. The core themes are related to the overall design of the city and if it is geared towards sustainability. In the discussion regarding the core themes, the proponent of this paper also tackled the issues regarding centralized and decentralized views when it comes to how the city is laid out. The subsidiary themes of this paper concern the health issues linked to urban sprawl and the layout of the city. These are important themes that must guide city planners not only in thinking about sustainability, energy efficiency but also the overall human impact of city form and structure. There is general agreement that cities that are poorly planned and poorly managed “…causes unsustainable environmental stress, is socially stratified and functionally suboptimal, and is expensive to run.” Nevertheless, after hundreds of years of existence, a city is still the best way to maximize productivity and to initiate meaningful changes as the interaction of leaders, talent, and people are working together to create something that is not possible if people are living far away from each other with little means of communication, on. Considering, that cities are still going to be a permanent fixture of 21st-century society then it is important to determine what kind of city will be built for future generations. Centrist vs. Decentrist The centrist and decentralist view of urban forms have long histories. Those who favor the “decentrist” or decentralized urban form are those who are also well aware of the negative impact of industrialization and its most popular by-product which is the industrial city. A review of Charles Dickens’ classics as well as history of urban development will easily bring up images of polluted, crowded, and crime infested industrial cities that were hastily created not in consideration to the health, well being, and social aspect of those who live in it but simply as a means to provide liveable space for factory workers needed to sustain a newly industrialised society. Those who favor the “centrist” or centralized urban form are those who are utterly displeased
Despite accounting for a small population of the world, the US has the highest number of prisoners globally. This difference results from the harsh laws and ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system. Some states, such as Texas, contribute to the high number of prisoners by implementing a wide range of rules and regulations that promote incarceration. Compared to Norway, Texas has harsher sentencing laws, inhumane prison conditions, and punishes more than it should rehabilitate. First, Texas has harsher sentencing laws that dictate longer prison sentences for minor crimes than Norway. Texas uses the three-strike law, which increases an individual’s minimum sentence if they have a history of felony convictions. Under this law, a person with two or more previous offenses qualifies for an automatic minimum 25-year sentence (Hannaford). This law does not consider the nature of the offenses committed by a defendant. As a result, individuals end up serving life in prison for petty crimes such as stealing a sandwich. Norway, on the other hand, has friendlier sentencing laws for convicts. For example, the maximum sentence in Norway is 30 years and only applies to serious crimes such as some war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. These differences in the sentencing laws lead to Texas having high prison populations, whereas Norway’s prisons are less populated. Second, Texas prisons are more inhuman than Norway’s, which are kindlier. Apart from the strict sentencing laws, Texas has the worst prisons in the US. Despite other states utilizing solitary confinement, numerous elements make Texans stand out from the rest. Notably, whereas prisoners are often held in solitary confinement due to their capital convictions, Texas does not base this practice on crime, security, or discipline (Human Rights Clinic 19). As a result, the number of prisoners under solitary confinement is higher than in other states. Additionally, prisoners in solitary confinement are less likely to access mental health services and contact visits with attorneys and their families, especially those on death row. These conditions differ significantly from Norway’s, which forbids degrading or inhuman treatment of prisoners. Norwegian prisoners enjoy better conditions, with some of them enjoying luxurious prison rooms with a wide range of services such as grocery shops (Luxs Report). These differences make Norwegian prisons superior to Texas in terms of prisoners’ living conditions. Third, the Texan criminal justice system focuses more on punish
A case under consideration is People v. Thomas settled in September 1978. Adrian Thomas, a defendant, was convicted of murdering his 19-year-old son. The decision to sentence him to a term of 5 to 15 years of prison was based on the confession obtained during a lengthy interrogation. The jail term was selected because the videotaped confession confirmed an assault in the first degree – murder. However, during hearing an appeal, the court came to the conclusion that it was an involuntary manslaughter, not a willful murder. It was explained by the fact that the boy’s death was caused by suffocating on his vomit. Therefore, even though vomiting was induced by Thomas’ violent actions, his initial intention was to discipline his catatonic schizophrenic child by conducting beating sessions, not kill him. The second decision – to reclassify the nature of the offense from the first-class assault (murder) to the involuntary manslaughter – was motivated by the connection of the case to several other cases. The first one is Miranda v. Arizona – the case popular for identifying the two rights associated with the police custody (to silence and attorney) and the two necessary rules (using defendant’s words against them and providing an attorney if the defendant does not have one). According to the defendant, the policemen have not followed the so-called Miranda requirements so that the results of the interrogation were illegal. However, when he was first interrogated, he was not convicted of a murder or violence because his son’s death was perceived as natural. Another reason for changing the decision was the belief that the elements of the involuntary manslaughter were not identified. Nevertheless, there is another case to refer to – People v. Morrin – that point to the fact that involuntary manslaughter (a second-degree assault) can be connected to offender’s actions, such as an intention to cause significant body harm. Because it was Thomas’ initial motivation, although the objective was to discipline his son, this case confirms the elements of the second-degree assault in his actions. Finally, there are two more cases pointing to causality between actions and death – People v. McFee and People v. Geiger – proving that if the connection between particular actions (Thomas’ disciplinary method) and death is medically possible, it means that the offense can be classified as an involuntary murder. To sum up, I do agree with the decision to reclassify the offense but still convict Adrian Thomas of committing a second-degree assault – an involuntary murder. Even though this conclusion is based on the provisions of judicial precedents – legal cases mentioned and described above, – it is as well associated with the very concept of the first-degree assault. According to the generally acceptable legal provisions, to classify particular actions as an assault of the first degree, it is critical to prove that a person had a direct intention to inflict such harm as death. Even though Thomas wanted to cause body harm to his son, he never wanted to kill his child, as there were