ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The film is a depiction of what it means to have unshakable Jewish faith. The two protagonists face so many tribulations, but stay true to their religious beliefs. An outsider may misinterpret their actions as naive; however, Jewish believers would find their behavior quite exemplary. The film This is a Jewish film owing to the title, language, setting, themes and even the actors involved in the film. In my view, a movie becomes Jewish when it is intended for Jewish audiences. The subject matter should be about the faith; the actors ought to be Jewish or should at least portray Jewish characters. Furthermore, it should possess elements that reflect the Jewish lifestyle such as Jewish foods, clothing, and locations. First, the film is entitled Ushpizin; an Aramaic word for guests. In Jewish tradition, one should invite guests during a seven-day festival known as Sukkot (Ross 109). This tradition is designed to propagate unity and selfless acts among the Jewish population. The film’s main actor and actress are quite anxious about their lack of money. This status prevents them from building a sukkah (a tent that hosts guest in the festival). Furthermore, they lack the money that is needed in order to purchase food for their guests. The level of concern that they have for the Sukkot festival is indicative of their commitment to their faith (Holden 3). One should realize that Malli and Moshe were husband and wife in real life. This choice indicates the conservative values of stakeholders in the film. Orthodox Jews are not allowed to act alongside women who were not their wives (Paris 15). The film is also Jewish because of the language and settings used. The speakers use Hebrew throughout the movie. Furthermore, the movie is set in a classic Jewish society; Jerusalem, Israel. In some scenes, one can view landmark buildings like Yad Labanim and Wolfson Towers. The appearance of Haredi neighborhoods also indicates the Jewish nature of this film. Their poverty stems from their social and economic environment. In fact, it is quite admirable that the couple spends $300 dollars on a citron (lemon-like fruit) for the festival. This was clearly a sum that they could not afford given their particular circumstances. If their faith was shaky, they would have chosen to set aside the $1000 they got from well wishers for a rainy day. However, they decided to dedicate that money towards the festival. Even when the Ushpizin cut up the citron, the couple responds quite gracefully towards them. This is quite admirable because the citron was supposed to facilitate the birth of their first born. The unruly guests undermine this goal, but get no reprieve for their actions. The Jewish nature of the movie can also be depicted through the use of themes and actors. This film essentially espouses the importance of religious devotions. Moshe and Malli find solace in their religion even when circumstances seem hopeless. They pray when they have no money for the festival; they pray when
What are the benefits for students when teachers use effective questions? Bloom in his work Taxonomy of Educational Objectives states that one of the main educational objectives is to facilitate communication (xv). With this in mind, new and interactive methods that involve students should be applied. One of these methods is questioning. The usage of effective questions in the teaching process can be very efficient and promote students involvement in the process. First of all, by using effective questions a teacher always holds the attention of students as he/she addresses the affective domain of knowledge (“Benjamin Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives” n.d). They are not able to perform some other activity because students have to answer the questions of a teacher. Moreover, this method promotes the development of critical thinking among students. However, questions should not be standard and to give the right answer a student should use a creative approach. That is why these questions should be created in advance and a teacher should think about which processes they will stimulate and what abilities develop. How will you provide opportunities for students to discuss their questions? Jerome Burner emphasizes the great importance of giving students the opportunity to discuss some questions which need collective thinking or brainstorming (xx). There are several main purposes for it. First of all, by discussing a question together, students will be able to obtain basic skills of team work and develop their collective thinking. Moreover, it is vital for students to obtain tolerance and respect for another point of view an
BP Business Strategy The strategy employed by British Petroleum is balancing the interest of the company to those of the community where the company is operating. BP believes in mutual benefits for investors, government and local people in developing resources in the more than 100 countries where it operates. In Colombia, the strategy is to “balance the requirements for extracting up to 500,000 barrels of oil a day with local environmental and social considerations” (Marsden, 1998). As part of strategy, BP holds a joint venture with the Colombian government and other companies in development of oil resources in the region of Casanare. This strategy has seen BP provide direct jobs to over 1000 people local people. The company has invested millions of dollars to protect the environment while it continually spends 10 million dollars annually to improve the lives of local people through social-economical programmes like education, health and general infrastructure. Inherent Risk While BP business strategy in Colombia seems as success, there are inherent problems arising from the company operations in Casanare and its association with government forces in safeguarding the company’s staff and assets. As the economy of Casanare improves, there is rapid development which has led to increased population. This has further caused insufficient governance, prostitution and poor infrastructure like sewer and road networks. The development of Casanare has also seen local people and immigrants to the area frustrated as “their over-inflated expectations dashed” (Marsden, 1998). BP makes use of both the Colombian army and private defence companies to secure its assets and foreign workers. In using the military, the company is in direct war with guerrilla operating in the area. This guerrilla has been sabotaging the company by blowing up oil pipelines. Issues that BP got involved in and how it approached the controversy BP controversies stem from the 1995 inter-institutional Commission on human rights which mentioned the company in two instances. “The first concerned an unfulfilled commitment to a community group and the second damage to a forestry reserve” (Marsden, 1998). BP acknowledged this concern and committed itself to address the issues. The matter resurfaced when a Member of European parliament, Richard Howitt, visited Colombia on a fact finding mission. Although Howitt held a meeting with BP official in Bogota, he never visited Casanare where the company was operating. A report would later be presented to European Parliament accusing BP of severe human rights abuse and environmental damage. This report caused anger and shock to BP leadership because the company had committed to address the issue presented in the first report. The company denied all criticism and accusations. What the Company Should Learn BP should learn that issues regarding human rights and environment have a unique place in both political and public arena. How the public weigh this issues can mean death or success of a company. Any report regarding human rights issu
The present work aims to identify the pros and cons of two command relationships COAs and determine their efficiency in reality. The next step to be undertaken is to issue a series of recommendations on the usage of both and to voice an opinion of the propriety of any of them. Pros of COA #1   * it is less segmented thus presupposing less subordination and control relations and less fragmentation in command;   * the chain of combatant command is well-established as CDR USEUCOM exercises combatant command both over such divisions as ESEUCOM staff, USAREUR, USAFE, USNAVEUR, etc., ensuring more unified and coordinated functioning of all subdivisions and thus the success of the operation, and the joint forces commander who, despite his high, prioritized position in the COA still conducts further operational control;   * vertical relations between the subdivisions are efficiently established, which is highly important in any COA: Vertical linkages cross the echelons of command… provide the connecting structure among tasks in the UJTL across the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war (UJTL 34). Cons of COA #2   * senior coalition commander should have more control over coalition command and allied forces – not tactical control but operational control would be desired: Coalitions are most often characterized by one of two basic structures: lead nation or parallel. In coalition operations, member nations may initially desire to retain even more control of their national forces than is generally associated with combined operations (Multinational Operations 2).   * the horizontal linkages are heterogeneous, involving different types of command, which may inefficiently affect the command in that definite war operation: Horizontal linkages involve the synchronization of a variety of tasks in time and space based on a commander’s concept of operations for a mission and by joint doctrine (UJTL 34).   * in dealing with joint command of any type tactical control is undesired, which is present in COA #1 and seems to be inappropriate. Pros of COA #2   * the scheme of operation and control is much more segmented, which presupposes quicker and more mobile operation;   * Combined Commander is under control of both JFC and CDR USEUCOM, which ensures fewer contradictions in the process of command;   * there is a separate commander for each type of force, thus providing their more efficient functioning. Cons of COA #2   * commanders have only tactical control over allied forces of all types. This may involve discrepancies in activities, resulting from lack of authority given to the commanders’ roles;   * the scheme does not have any relations of coordination, which may also bring about a lack of intelligence work and a low level of information exchange;   * there are three authorities exercising power in COA #2 who have to be well-coordinated and work jointly to achieve the common aim, which can bring about unexpected, additional challenges. Recommendations for both COAs   * COA#1 appears to be more efficient in the type of connection established bet
Techniques and Marketing Strategies In the proposed marketing of a shoe line on the Internet, ideal techniques or marketing strategies would be social media, search engine optimization, and digital bulk SMS to ensure that the Internet marketing campaign is a success as discussed below. Social Media Social media strategy is affordable and has a potential of reaching a large market area. For instance, the use of Facebook, Twitter, and Google pages would improve shoe line visibility among the online community. Through social media pages, the business will be in a position to reach many potential customers with minimal efforts as compared to other marketing channels. For instance, social media pages could have a link that can direct potential customers to the business website in order to view different shoes and prices. In order to make the social media strategy effective, there is a need to contract an experienced social media promoter to ensure that online pages attract as many likes as possible. As a result, it will be feasible to create a strong and loyal following among social media users. The social media strategy is affordable and does not require a lot of planning to execute. Moreover, it is easy to track the performance of social media marketing through the number of new likes on each page over a specific period of time. Search Engine Optimization Search engine optimization (SEO) involves promoting the visibility of the online website hosting the shoe line. It is necessary for the business to create a user-friendly website to market different shoes. The website should have multifunctional buttons to ensure that a potential customer is able to navigate through the shoe line just at a click of a button. For instance, the website could include buttons or tabs that enable a customer to explore different shoe designs against their prices and provide an ordering or payment links. In order to make the website visible on the Internet platform, there is a need to integrate SEO. Search engine optimization involves revision and adjustment of website algorithms to ensure that a simple search on Google would put the website at the top of the generated related results. Digital Bulk SMS This strategy involves the use of the bulk SMS on a digital platform to send a link or messages about the shoe line to customers with smart phones. The business could engage a bulk SMS provider to forward the m
Nutrition for Infants   * No difference in nutritional requirement for male and female infants.   * Adequate nutrition crucial to growth and development of infant.   * Breast milk and infant formula feed meet the nutritional requirement of infants.   * After 3 to 4 months gradual augmentation with mashed fruit and fruit juices. In infants growth and development of the brain and body takes place. Adequate nutrition is essential to this growth and development. There are differences in nutritional requirements between males and females at this stage of growth and development. Infants are dependant on breast milk or infant formula feed for their nutritional requirement. Breast milk is the better means to infant nutrition, as besides providing the total nutritional requirement, it provides the benefit of giving the infant increased resistance to infection. In addition it is easy on the developing digestion system of the infant. After three to four months breast milk alone becomes insufficient to meet the nutritional needs of the infant. Augmenting mothers milk with mashed fruit and diluted fruit juices becomes necessary. Later on mashed cereals can be added to the nutrient provided to the infant. (Nutritional Needs of Infants). Nutrition for Teenager (Males & Females)   * Increased requirement of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and vitamins to meet nutrient requirements of most vigorous phase of growth and increased energy requirements.   * Total protein requirement more in males than in females.   * Increased calcium requirement to for healthy growth and mass of bone.
Introduction Considering the diversity nature of students in any classroom scenario, it is important for the teaching orientation to adopt a variety of mechanisms, which will ensure there is satisfaction of all learner needs. In addition, because the quest for education goes beyond national borders, it is important for different governments to adopt appropriate teaching mechanisms in their educational curriculums, which are important in ensuring the set curriculum meets both the local and international students’ needs. On the other hand, it is important for all individuals or governments to note that, most nationalities base their curriculum on the English language; something that is discriminatory to some extent, on students whose primary language is not English. Considering this, and the fact that any educational curriculum; regardless of the country, aims to achieve equality and prepare learners for future their roles; in a competitive and ever-changing job market, it is important for governments to accept the bilingual education concept. This is because it, integrates the cultural diversity concept, which is essential for survival in any cultural environment (Spring pp. 204-215). Why Adopt Bilingual Education Majority of schools, colleges, and higher learning institutions; be they national or international, offer educational curriculums, whose language of presentation is primarily English. Considering this, one question always lacks appropriate answers; do such curriculums encompass the needs of learners whose first tongue is not English? Although majority of individuals may argue that, some schools have English orientation classes for such students; still another question arises; what is the appropriateness of such orientation programs, considering their straining nature and time needed for such programs? Yes, the argument that majority of bilingual programs lack appropriate measurement criteria, and that most of them have additional costs is right; however, is the cost worth the quantity of knowledge learnt, in case a government integrates such a course in its curriculum? One main objective, which any educational curriculum should aim to achieve is promotion of lear
Introduction In contemporary society, several major factors make a person successful. Though a matter of success is purely individual, it is still possible to define the basic factors that characterize a successful person: harmony in the inner and outer world, successful development of personal life, and career. However, if personal life does not entirely depend on a person, his professional life and development are in his hands. Any person can build a prosperous career if he/she realizes the core principles to rely on. The development of professional knowledge, skills, and abilities determines professional progress. Knowledge is the only honest and effective way to succeed. Educational institutions provide the student with enough theoretical knowledge; however, a theory is worthless and dry without practice (and vice versa), and this is why the analysis of the work and structure of flourishing organizations in the concrete field may be very useful. Bank of America: The Largest Bank in the World Probably, one of the most picturesque examples of successful organizations in the sphere of banking is Bank of America. The official website of the organization states that “Bank of America is a unique assemblage of American financial institutions that have financed and fashioned our economy by investing in industries, infrastructures, institutions, and individuals, during a history that spans more than 200 years” (Official web site of Bank of America). This bank is the largest in the world; it is “a branch bank with 538 branches in 317 Californian cities and towns, and 9 branches overseas” (James and James, 2002, p. 1). Bank of America is one of the world’s largest financial institutions; it serves individual consumers, small, as well as middle-market organizations and large corporations with a full range of banking, investing, asset management, and other financial and risk-management services and products (Charlotte, 2008, par. 13). The organization suggests a wide range of services for consumers and creates rich opportunities for its employees, offering them various career opportunities. In his turn, the employer demands efficient candidates with developed professional skills, high motivation, and a desire to apply their knowledge in practice. Personnel Strategy of the Bank It should be considered that the directors of the company have adopted the strategy of treatment the organization and staff as a living and functioning organism where each employee is a cell that ensures the correct functioning of the whole organization. This is the reason why Bank of America ties bonuses to overall success instead of individual achievement. The bonus program is innovative because its beneficiaries are not high-level executives whose bonuses are linked to the performance of the company, but common associates (R
Common reasons for congenial disorder are genetic defects, the intrauterine conditions and several unraveled reasons (WHO, 2005). Even after best prenatal care, still or defective child can be borne. Many genetic diseases are connected by a single gene, like cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and haemoglobiopathies. Environmental (womb) factors contribute to the genetic defects, and lead to congenial malformations which can be detectable pre-birth. These are neural tube defect, cleft lip and palate and some chronic non-communicable disorders. Hemophilia is associated with X (sex)-chromosome, for which female is a carrier and only expressed in males, while most of the others are linked to non-sex-related autosomal defects shown up both in males and females. Worldwide, about 7.6 m children are borne with congenial genetic defects. Mainly the consanguineous marriages (leading to inbreeding) and late marriages are the causes of the defects. Apart from education, social reforms the genetic counseling and population genetic screenings are the best preventive practices. With the advent of human genome project, it has been possible to recognize the genetic defects before conceiving using advanced DNA techniques like Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, for which the DNA markers specific for the genes are used to locate the defective genes in chromosomal fragments. Iatrogenic conditions deal with harmful effect of diagnosis and therapeutic procedures, leading to splitting, anxiety, depression, and morbidity. Special care should be taken to deal with these problems. Iatrogenic conditions also relate to organ damage. One example is Gastric Perforation in preterm infant due to insertion of naso-gastric catheter, either while using a ventilator or feeding tube. Such therapeutic negligence accounts for mortality due to pulmonary damage (pneumatosis) (Parasuraman, 2007). Effective management incl