ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Every person in this world has a unique combination of features that makes him or her observe the world from a specific angle and have a personal point of view. Despite this fact, there are some things that everyone would mention if asked about the essential components of happiness, and good interpersonal relationships are undoubtedly one of them. Indeed, relationships are important for all people irrespective of social status or age. Quality relationships can be compared to a flower that needs to be taken care of; without water, the flower inevitably withers. To provide relationships with this “water,” people need to pay close attention to those with whom they are communicating. Fortunately, many modern technologies are available to help anyone who would like to communicate better or more frequently. To be more precise, using a cell phone may have a positive effect on many relationships—but, of course, only if the cell phones are not used inappropriately or excessively. A cell phone is a device designed to facilitate the process of communication, and it can definitely help people avoid becoming estranged from friends or relatives in some specific situations. To begin with, a cell phone gives the user an opportunity to show some thought for a loved one who is away on a business trip or who lives far away. There is no doubt that getting a short message or receiving a call from someone who is missed cheers the recipient up and makes him or her really impatient to see this person face to face. Moreover, good relationships require an exchange of confidence, and cell phones provide the perfect avenue for such conversations. Sometimes intimate conversations in person may be hindered due to lack of privacy or concerns about outside listeners, but exchanging a few short messages with a friend will help people share opinions on a private matter without being heard. Lastly, for people who are always wrapped up in work or other obligations, mobile phone communication may be the last chance to keep in touch with loved ones and to establish more dependable, trusting relationships. Overall, these reasons make mobile phones a critical tool for communicating with other people at any time and at any point that anyone would like to discuss. Nevertheless, using cell phones may also cause difficulties in establishing positive relationships. Sometimes people who are obsessed with communication via mobile phone become addicted to the phone and cannot communicate effectively with people around them. Such a person gets used to expressing his or her wide range of emotions in smileys, and real-life communication stops being a fascinating experience (Przybylski and Weinstein 238). Furthermore, some people tend to be more reserved in non-face-to-face communication, hiding their real attitudes and making communication a little bit too formal rather than open (Bore and Park 1098). Happily, these negative effects occur only when people pay too much attention to cell phone communication and forget about the importance of real-world relationships. On the whole, using a cell phone has a positiv
Introduction Corporate social responsibility is an essential component of the work of any business company as it forms its image and enhances the trust of its stakeholders. Besides, often, this aspect is reflected by company employees both in the working environment and in everyday life, since they represent the interests of the company. The leader also has to provide incentives for employees to perform their work duties at a high level; however, an ethical leader also contributes to the development of workers as moral and responsible individuals. For this reason, De Roeck and Farooq study in detail the relationship between employee social behavior, ethical leadership, and corporate social responsibility by considering all aspects that influence the results of the research. Summary De Roeck and Farooq (2017) analyze literature that studies corporate social responsibility (CSR) and come to the conclusion that the issue of its impact on employee behavior is not well understood. In their work, “Corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership” , they suggest that companies that undertake actions and promote the principles of CSR arouse the desire in employees to do socially useful things. In addition, the example of an ethical leader who promotes high social standards also has an impact on the socially beneficial behavior of employees. For this reason, scientists conduct surveys in 35 different companies to analyze the interdependence of these three factors (De Roeck & Farooq, 2017). As a result, they confirm their hypotheses and find that CSR enhances employee participation in environmental initiatives, and ethical leadership develops social engagement (De Roeck & Farooq, 2017). Thus, scientists in an empirical way find conformations of their hypotheses and contribute to the study of corporate social responsibility. Analysis of the Literature Review and Hypotheses This study is an example of a well-developed and organized work as scientists take into account all the nuances to obtain the most accurate results. The authors analyze the literature on corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership precisely and carefully. De Roeck and Farooq (2017) note, that although some sources mention the influence of these concepts on the social behavior of employees, there is no definitive empirical evidence to support the theory. For this reason, the authors highlight the main aspects of both SCR and ethical leadership and put forward their hypotheses. Many confirming theoretical facts make hypotheses sound, logical, and understandable, and also determine their scope. In addition, academic research allows the authors to determine the survey questions that are necessary to understand the relationship of all c
Abstract Learning a second language is usually a difficult task for most people. This is because; each language has its own conventions, which are not necessarily similar to those of the second language one is trying to acquire. For native Spanish speakers trying to learn English as a second language, numerous challenges may be present. In the literature review, spelling and sound system in the English language shall be addressed as the most common challenge encountered by Spanish learners of English as a second language. Problems arising from spelling and sound could be related to difficulties in pronunciation of words, learning of English vocabulary, grammar and spelling of words. Pronunciation of English words for native Spanish speakers may be a problem because of some words which start with a certain sound for example ‘s’, being pronounced in a different way in the Spanish language. Because it is very natural for a learner to replicate the conventions of their language into the second language they are learning, it may be difficult for them to understand the pronunciation. Again, learning of vocabulary may be difficult because of words present in both languages which appear to have the same spelling but different meaning. The grammar and the spelling of words follow different conventions in the English language. In the methodologies section, selection of participants, data collection methods and procedure used will be addressed. The results of this report shall then be analyzed and thereafter, a discussion and conclusion shall follow. Introduction Those who speak Spanish as their first language have some advantages when learning English as a second language. One of the advantages is that, native Spanish speakers learn English vocabulary faster because of the numerous similarities that exist among words in the two languages. Nevertheless, there are some specific difficulties that native Spanish speakers encounter while learning English as a second language. Some of these problems are found in the area of spelling and sound while learning English. Most of the learners will encounter problems in these two areas because of the disparities that exist between the Spanish and the English language in spelling and sound pattern of words. Literature Review Pronunciation Difficulties According to Farnen (2010), native Spanish learning English as a second language experience difficulties in learning English pronunciations. This is because, the there are numerous differences that exists in the pronunciation of words in the languages. The English language comprises of twelve vowels. There are also eight diphthongs. On the other hand, the Spanish language has only five vowels and five diphthongs. Due this background, whereby one is familiar with only five diphthongs and vowels, it becomes hard for such a person to learn English, which has numerous vowels and diphthongs. One challenge that native Spanish speake
Slavery Slavery is any compulsion and enforced labour against the wishes of the person involved (Cooper, 2007). There is no abstract definition of slavery, but some scholar tries to define the term “slavery’ as a social-economic system. Some person is underprivileged of personal freedom and bound to work , known as slaves. “The people who are owned and controlled by others in a way that they lost their rights about freedom, about food, clothing, and about their shelter is known as slaves” (StatCounter, 14 March 2007). “Slaves are held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase, or birth, and are deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation (such as wages ) in return for their labor” (Wikipedia, n.d.). Slavery in America The history of slavery began in the United States (1619-1865). 1619 The first African slaves arrive in Virginia. So this study can say slavery was started in the USA by an African. In 1787 Northwest made slavery illegal. But in 1793 a person ELI WHITNEY’s invent cotton gin greatly increases the demand of slavery. Nevertheless, in 1808 congress bans the importation of slaves from Africa. And it was also banned in the north of southern Missouri in 1820. In 1822 an African American plans to protest against slavery in South Carolina; he discovered immediately with his 34 conspirators and they were hanged. Again an African American preacher Nat Turner who leads the most significant slave uprising in America made a short launch in Southampton County, Virginia ( Decker). The militia quells the revolt and finally Turner was hanged. As a consequence, Virginia institutes much stricter slave laws. In “ 1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing the Liberator , a weekly paper that advocates the complete abolition of slavery. He becomes one of the most famous figures in the abolitionist movement” (Infoplease, 2008). The Wilmot Proviso attempts to ban slavery in territory gained in the Mexican War In 1846 by introducing Democratic representative in Pennsylvania. The proviso is blocked by Southerners, but continues to enflame the debate over slavery (Infoplease, 2008). The Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act by repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and renewing tensions between anti- and p
Finding opportunities to expand is a driving force behind many businesses, and it requires and consumes substantial capital. The current commercial environment includes some strong capital markets that are auspicious and seeking to invest in companies with aggressive growth strategies. For this reason, the hospital in this scenario should take advantage of these capital markets to expand successfully. The business can do this by hiring an investment banking firm to assist with the growth strategy (Wójcik et al., 2018). However, to ensure a fruitful outcome, the CFO should choose a qualified and experienced investment banker to represent the facility. Making a poor decision has crucial disadvantages as even well-qualified banking firms can derail the strategy with poor judgment, misrepresentation of skills, and irrelevant advice. This essay explains factors that the hospital’s CFO should consider before deciding if investment banking is the right approach. Firstly, one should check if the company’s traditional bank account can keep up with the upfront capital requirements. The hospital’s expansion strategy requires an additional $20 million, which the existing firm stockholders cannot provide. The extra money is often dedicated to marketing, infrastructure, and related costs that should be incurred before booking the first service or sending initial invoices. Secondly, the selected investment banking firm is expected to act as both a matchmaker and an advisor of the hospital. The two roles are vital in robust capital markets as they help other companies raise funds, whether in equity or debt (Wójcik et al., 2018). In some circumstances, investment bankers help with the acquisition activity, which also supports aggressive business growth. As an intermediary, an investment banker should be linked to private equity and lending funds that are appealed by businesses in the medical sector. Another critical consideration is focusing on the individual and not the company. Social media and technology are among the most effective marketing tools in the world today, and this has leveled the playing ground of both small and large investment banking organizations (Wójcik et al., 2018). Since everyone has access to the same information base and data, the CFO should select an individual who is good at leveraging social platforms to their advantage. The hospital should also consider the specific people who will be assigned to handle their needs. There should be chemistry and similar workplace styles with those individuals. An investment banker is an integral part of a company’s growth team. Therefore, communication and relationship with one another need to be regular, complete, and forthright. Lastly, the CFO should look at the compensation fees charged by the investment banker. In most cases, the bank charges a small retainer or deposit, together with a success fee deducted at the closing of the money-raising transaction. The success fee varies depending on the transaction type and size; it is more substantial for equity and smaller fo
Introduction The Song dynasty is credited with a majority of the critical technological advancements of ancient China. Most individuals who contributed to the technological developments were gifted statesmen. The government used imperial examinations to identify talented people. Granet (2013) posits, “The ingenuity of advanced mechanical engineering had a long tradition in China” (p. 40). Engineers from the Song dynasty borrowed ideas from the developments made by ancient inventors and astronomers. The knowledge acquired from woodblock printing enabled them to develop the first movable type. Besides, the Song dynasty invented gunpowder that marked the commencement of the production of sophisticated weapons. Other notable technological advancements that had significant impacts on human civilization were in the fields of metallurgy and nautics. This paper will discuss the technological advancements of the Song dynasty and their influences on human civilization. The Song Dynasty The Song dynasty existed between 960 and1279, which is about 319 years ago (Von Glahn, 2011). The regime is credited with the invention of some of the most critical technologies that are useful today. However, a majority of the techniques were not refined during the time of the dynasty. The Chinese used the technologies in their crude form. Over time, people improved their techniques and applied them to enhance their life. Some technologies that the Song dynasty invented included the movable type and gunpowder among others. Printing via Movable Type Machine The Song dynasty is associated with the development of mass printing that is still in use to date. The regime invented movable type that facilitated the mass production of books (Deng & Zheng, 2015). A study of the genesis of books indicates that even though writing had existed for a long time, it was concentrated around a few intellectuals. Most of the population was illiterate because reading and writing were preserves of the elite (Granet, 2013). The invention of movable type led to many people developing an interest in studies. Parents started encouraging their children to learn how to read and write. The production of books meant that people could access intellectual materials. Eventually, a lot of Chinese enrolled in studies leading to an increase in the number of scholars (Granet, 2013). Von Glahn (2011) argues that the invention of movable type resulted in the development of money. The Song dynasty could print money and use it for trade. Nautics According to Schirokauer and Brown (2012), the Song dynasty had experienced sailors who traveled to different parts of the world. They made sure that their ships were well-equipped to facilitate the voyage. The desire of sailors to explore the world led to the development of the directional compass. Later, the Song dynasty invented the magnetic compass that made navigation easy. For a long time, sailors had relied on the position of the moon and the sun to determine the bearing. Additionally, they depended on the polestar for direction. It became hard for sailors to travel at night, particularly when they could not see the stars or the moon. The magnetic compass made
In the modern world, there are many phenomena that can cause a vivid and ambiguous reaction from the public. As a rule, they are related to religion, racial and class inequality, or relationships between people of different genders and ages. In particular, harassment by priests towards little boys is an important topic. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the need to discuss this and similar topics in various types of media. First, it is necessary to understand whether journalists should spend money and efforts on this type of content. On the one hand, the public always actrively discusses texts and films of such content. People are not ready to calmly accept such events, therefore, such information may become too difficult for perception. Some feel that the topics of violence cannot be hushed up, so they distribute such content. Others turn a blind eye to them and only criticize films and articles on this topic. This complicates the dissemination of information and does not give people an unambiguous understanding of the issue. On the other hand, despite the reaction of the public, as many people as possible should learn about questions of this nature. This will draw public attention to problems that have existed for decades. Consequently, the authorities will be more attentive to them too. They have more opportunities to solve such global problems than the general population. Thus, the more actively people disclose and discuss information about violence, the more likely it will be eradicated. Thus, in my opinion, it is necessary to spend money on films and articles about violence in churches. This type of journalism can help protect children and make the church system truly effective and righteous (Globe Spotlight Team, 2002). People will trust the clergy more and will not be afraid for their children. This will contribute to an increase in the level of well-being of society in general and the improvement of the church system in particular. Research by journalists and politicians can truly make many aspects of people’s lives more correct and legitimate. For example, a recent study of six major universities, including Cornell and MIT, found illegal fundraising. They have already discovered $6.5 million that came from Qatar, China, Saudi Arabia, and other countries (Offord, 2020). The investigation continues at Harvard, Yale, and other educational institutions. Investigations like this show that in many areas of life, people try to get the maximum benefit. This desire is understandable, but it should not happen to the detriment of anyone. Therefore, cases of illegal actions must be disclosed and reported in the media. This will help society better understand what is happening in the world and be confident in its safety. As a result, people will be protected, and anyone who comm
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is an auto-immune disease that affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. The exact cause of the disease is not known, but both genetic and environmental factors contribute to it. Many patients with AS typically carry the human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) gene (Zhu et al., 2019). This gene activates the immune system against the fibrocartilage by providing an antigen to the CD8+ T-cells. People with this condition also display high production of interleukin 10 and low levels of interferon and TNFα. The disease progresses and destroys joint and articular tissues. This leads to chronic inflammation of the spine that could result in immobility with time. There are several nursing interventions that can be taken to alleviate Ankylosing Spondylitis. Nurses should encourage patients to participate in physical therapy, hydrotherapy, and other exercise programs to boost mobility (Vivienne & Michael, 2018). Another intervention involves reducing inflammation and pain in the affected area. This is done by applying heat pads to the areas and using assistive devices such as canes to walk. Nurses may also administer prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) medication to reduce joint inflammation. Ultimately, the goal of these interventions is to encourage the patient to keep performing them autonomously. The main method of evaluating the selected nursing interventions is patient reports. Since pain level and stiffness are subjective, a patient must report reduced pain and stiffness for the intervention to be assessed as effective. On the other hand, objective data is collected by observing the patient. Improved posture and mobility are indicative of effective nursing interventions. Finally, the interventions can be evaluated by examining how long a patient has practiced them. For instance, if the patient intentionally and consistently attends physical therapy sessions, this can be considered helpful to them. With the aid of healthcare professionals, Ankylosing Spondylitis is a manageable condition.
Genetic enhancement is among highly controversial topics, which emerged alongside the massive progress and advancements made in the field of genetics and biotechnology. The future of therapy is becoming more and more precise and personalized, which means that genetic alterations can be more plausible as a preventative measure (Friedmann, 2019). The concept refers to gene-related modifications introduced into a human body in order to provide it with a wide range of improvements, which can manifest themselves in bodily resilience, resistance, and immunity (Anomaly, 2020). In addition, it can take the shape of cosmetic modifications, which change the overall basis of human uniqueness and the unalterable aspect of the human body. For example, recent genetic enhancements in human embryos enabled people to have an increased resistance to HIV infections (So et al., 2017). Therefore, one can easily see that the given field of genetics raises a wide range of questions, including ethical ones. The decisions for considering something as ethical or unethical can be made by mainly three social structures, such as government, religion, and scientists. Although scientists and the scientific community are among the well-informed and well-educated social structures, they should not be the ones who decide whether or not genetic enhancement is ethical. The main reason is that they are mere experts in their own fields, which does not give them authority or expertise to define something on the moral plane. They are professionals who need to apply the scientific method to push the edges of knowledge and utilize this knowledge for the benefit of society. However, such a deeply moral and ethical concern cannot be resolved by science itself since the main feature of the given framework is its neutrality and lack of subjective means. Determination of the ethical aspect of any idea cannot be solely decided by one’s knowledgeability because information does not equate to morality. Therefore, scientists are not the ones who should be res