ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
According to Mathews, there are at least 11 million undocumented immigrants in the US. However, this number has elicited a heated debate. Some people maintain that apart from being a security concern, immigrants are a burden to the US economy (Moses). In contrast, others argue that immigrant workers are important to the US economy. In affirming Moses’ statement, Hogan states that studies conducted on cities near the US-Mexican border show that there is no evidence that immigrants are a source of insecurity. Most importantly, a group of senators are about to present an immigration reform package to the senate (Mathews). This essay, therefore, revisits the US immigration debate. The cost of undocumented immigrants is one of the most contentious issues in the US immigration debate (Moses). Moses adds that this cost will influence future immigration polices. Undocumented immigrants are regarded as a drain on the US’s national resources. Moreover, these immigrants are seen as a source of insecurity to the US public. For instance, drugs and people with questionable characters are said to be trafficked across the border with Mexico. Violence and kidnapping cases are also a common occurrence in the US-Mexican border. Most immigrants are employed as manual laborers in occupations such as construction and production. Some are also employed as domestic workers and attendants in nursing homes. Therefore, if the US tightens its immigration policies, employers will be faced with a shortage of cheap labor. Immigrants are, thus, employed in sectors that are unpopular with American citizens. As a result, employers will have to raise salaries to attract American citizens to these sectors. Citing Phillipe Legrain, Moses states that “free movement of people is as beneficial as free movement of goods and capital” (p. 3). The US citizens, thus, benefit from documented and undocumented immigrants. Moreover, the foundation of the US’s economy was laid on immigrant labor (Moses). For that reason, it is hypocritical for the US to spend billions of dollars on blocking immigrant labor. Interestingly, crime rates in cities bordering Mexico are falling. Therefore, there is no significant proof that the porous US-Mexico border increases violence in the US (Hogan). According to Matthews, in the next few days, an immigration reform package will be presented to the house by a group of bipartisan senators. This package contains a path through which all undocumented immigrants will become citizens. In addition, the legislation will provide suggestions on how the immigration system will be modernized. Hesson claims that salaries of immigrant workers increased after an immigration bill, in 1986, legalized 2.7 million workers. Similarly, an immigrant-friendly bill will do the same to current immigrants. Furthermore, legalized workers will be able to acquire gainful employment. It can be concluded that immigra
Introduction Different types of evidence demand different levels of information management and appropriate strategies for analyzing the provided data. In addition, the procedures used for processing each type of information may vary greatly depending on the legal standards, the idea of justice, and the attitude toward data management within the culture in question. Although the cultures of the UK and the US have a lot in common due to the shared historical legacy, the approaches that the legal system within each state uses toward the described information types are quite different in the US and UK. Character Evidence The application of character evidence as a possible source of statements made in court is another highly debatable issue. Being one of the types of evidence that are labeled as controversial and possibly unreliable, character evidence implies the type of argument that appeals to the specifics of one’s personality, such as the case of AAAA. Consequently, in the US legal system, the use of character evidence is strictly prohibited in civil trials, yet the rules change slightly when it comes to addressing issues in a criminal trial (Adamidis, 2016). Specifically, the application of character evidence as the means of substantiating claims during a criminal trial is possible once it is used by a defendant to show that they are highly unlikely to have committed the crime of which they are accused, such as in People v Zackowitz (1930) . Once character evidence of the described type is applied as circumstantial one by the defendant, it becomes a legitimate piece of information that has to be integrated into the system of evidence and considered by the court (Buckles, 2017). The observed standards appear to be based on the Bill of Rights and the primary principles of justice that allow the defendant to receive a fair trial. In the UK legal system, the situation changes a bit when considering the application of character evidence. In contrast to the US court of law, where the application of character evidence standards varies depending on the type of trial in which it is used, the UK legal regulations have an established standard for the use of the identified evidence types in every scenario. According to the Crown Prosecution Service statement revised in 2019, character evidence can only be used in cases that do not involve the proof of bad character as the main driver behind the application of the specified evidence type to the court case (Crown Prosecution Service, 2019). Therefore, the UK regulations for using character evidence are more pliable than those of the US, where it is only deemed as acceptable in exclusionary cases, such as R v Lunkulu (2015) . Hearsay Evidence The use and further management of hearsay evidence are deemed to be some of the most complicated dilemmas in the UK legal system. Due to the ambiguity that surrounds hearsay as some of the most unreliable pieces of information, the treatment thereof in British courts as a legitimate argument in favor of or against a de
Price Water House Coopers Price Water House Coopers (PWC) LLP is a member of PricewaterhouseCoopers international where all the members exist as an independent unit. The company’s website on the World Wide Web is www.pwc.com and it is very reliable. PwC is one of the most renowned companies that offer consultancy services regarding taxes, business, and assurance. The company boasts of over 150 branches globally. The main objective of the company is to provide assistance to other organizations and private corporate entities that is necessary in adding value and risk administration to increase the productivity of the same organizations. It is good to learn about the organization because it helps individuals, businesses, and community in economic matters. The organization is very active in helping the society. This is done in partnership with international organizations such as the Refugee agency. Among the projects that have been undertaken by PwC include rural electrification programs and building schools for the marginalized communities. PwC employees contribute their skills and time to non governmental organizations in support of programs aimed at solving problems encountered in arid and semi-arid areas such as Dadaab refugee camp. PwC has a program that’s called Early International Challenge that’s open to its members globally. The aim of this program is to provide an opportunity for employees to work abroad and experience the diverse cultures which will assist in improving their performance. The organization is very committed in giving women an equal opportunity to demonstrate their skills and ideas towards the growth of the organization. Fifty percent of the organization’s global manpower is reserved for women. The organization aims to bring more skilled women on board and to confirm its commitment a global gender advisory council.PwC plays an important role in preserving the environment. It strongly recommends its members and clients globally to avoid polluting the environment be dumping toxic waste which can impact negatively on global warming. Northwestern Mutual The company’s web address is www.northwestern.com. The website is very pleasant to the eyes and the utilities are very easy to navigate. The web content is written in a layman’s language. The organization provides professional services in the insurance sector and also advices its clients on matters relating to making successful investments. The company website has virtual office assistants who are responsible for responding to customer enquiries. Northwestern mutual has top of the insurance products and they include life insurance, disability cover, and long-term care cover. The products are not limited to insurance cover only but they also include personal finance management services and investment products such as mutual funds, shares, bonds, and treasury bills and comprehensive financial advisory among others. The products
Introduction Businesses play a greater role in our lives than just providing material resources. The product and services which come from these businesses are present in every aspect of human existence. As businesses now have a very strong influence on us, there is a need to look at the moral issues related to businesses (Malachowski, 2001). Business ethics might not be vital for any business but ethical values do play an important role in the corporate world. The decisions taken by any business affects its customers, stake holders, its market value and even the thought process of the people associated with that business. Therefore, today businesses are expected to meet the ethical standards of the corporate world. What is ethics? The term ethics commonly refers to the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct. What is business ethics? Business ethics deals with the ethical norms and issues related to ethics in the business world. In today’s world people are more concerned about how the management conducts the business rather than what business they do. Business ethics is basically how a business conducts its day to day dealings while adhering to the ethical standards. These ethical standards are unwritten rules which organizations follow in order to keep a good image for themselves in the market and also due to the reason that ‘it is the right way’. People believe that businesses are only interested in money and will stoop down to any level as long as their action is legal and generates money. People also believe that the business world is suffering from an ethical crisis these days. There are many things such as misinterpretation of data, covering up mistakes or blaming mistakes on others, lying etc which have all become acceptable in the corporate world. All of these things are considered to be necessary elements of any business if it has to survive in the corporate world. It is true that all these things which were unacceptable in the business world have become acceptable. Management leaks out insider stock information to people, covering up of profits in order to pay lesser tax is another example and even the college students have different perception and views about the ethical rightness of anything. In a survey conducted at the Rutgers University, it was found that almost 53% of the post graduate students had cheated in their exams. Almost 37% of these students believed that it was perfectly okay to do something wrong (cheating etc), if it did not break any laws, rules or regulations (Ferell & Fraedrich, 1994; Tetzeli, 1991). Different views of business ethics There are almost four different views of business ethics. Each of these views is discussed below:   * Utilitarian view of ethics.   * Rights view of ethics.   * Theory of justice view of ethics.   * Integrative social contracts theory. Utilitarian view of ethics In this view of ethics the decisions are made according to the o
Introduction Since time immemorial, man has debated on whether warfare is a moral thing to do. Although it is common sense that peace is better than warfare, man has continually engaged himself in war with fellow men. Research has revealed the fact that the improvement of technology and the general progression of a nation does not improve the chances of that nation in the doing away with war (Arkin 1). St. Augustine is acknowledged for bringing in Christianity values against war that convinced people to avoid unnecessary murders. He strongly condemned the cruelty that is experienced in the need to revenge due to having the power to do so (Arkin 2). From the 19 th century, many countries have strived to formulate laws based on the guidelines presented earlier by St. Augustine. The laws that were formulated had two characteristics in general: they offered restrictions to the act of war and restrictions to the conditions that were needed before going into war. These laws ensured that the countries adopted the Just War tradition. This tradition adopted measures that ensured that any act of war did not end up causing damage beyond that which had been anticipate. The only condition which is acceptable when it comes to cases of harming a civilian in wartime is when it is done unintentionally or happened indirectly. Even those people who are actually directly involved in combat during war (enemies) have their own rights. When the lay down their weapons in surrender they are to be considered as non-combatants don’t stand a risk of attack (Arkin 2). The Laws of War (LOW) also stipulate that the agents of war must be held accountable for the results of their action during war. The Laws of War indicate what is acceptable and that which is not during war. The Rules of Engagement, which contain the Laws of War, are the orders which the military authority gives to the United States Forces indicating the conditions to which they are expected to engage in war or persist in combat. Over the centuries the laws of war have experienced significant developments which include the following:   * To consider the plea of combatants during surrender and the treatment of prisoners captured during war in a humane manner   * Protection of both the civilians and the non-civilians from unnecessary harm.   * Avoid causing damage to civilians and their property when it can actually be avoided.   * Not allow the attacking of persons or vehicles that has the Red Cross emblem or the Red Crescent or even those that bear a white flag.   * Agents of war to avoid using torture at all costs regardless of the situation or person.   * The law against use of weapons such as the blinding lasers or other weapons of mass destruction. The right to life-which is a fundamental human right-has respects for and values the human person both in war and in time of p
Introduction Society is constantly undergoing a change which is reflected in its products of creative activity and attitudes. Since the beginning of the creation of human culture the peculiarities of the way people treated themselves, their origin, their lives, etc. were different, thus marking the epochs in human thinking. After the flourishing culture, arts, and philosophy of Ancient times began the dark Middle Ages when the culture became secular, thus prohibiting any love of life, and creativity and imagination, etc. The Renaissance became the real resurrection of optimism, freedom, and flourishing of creation and arts – this was the sign of returning cultivation of the human body and the human spirit. After the Renaissance there were other epochs that always signaled the end of one philosophy and the beginning of another one – for example, Realism and Romanticism had absolutely different grounding for the events, the human life, and motives, the philosophy of human conduct and ideology of human aspirations. These epochs were first of all directly reflected in the products of human activity, i.e. the works of art – sculpture, literature, music paintings, and others. Anyway, it is necessary to admit that any shift in the artistic tendency was indispensably connected with the society – it was its product, so it could not help influencing the way the society perceived and studied itself. Thus, the change of epochs in the human philosophy was also the shift in the scientific focus on society, i.e. the social sciences could not escape the influence of the shift and followed it, adjusting the examination techniques to the patterns of contemporary social philosophy and perception. Anthropology as a science about people can be a vivid example in the discussed context – plainly speaking, it is a science about people. But i
Introduction There’s no doubt that no culture or community stands apart of the other world and develop in isolation of other nations. Since the early ages the tribes had to interact with each other, to trade, to migrate in search of better living conditions, to hold against enemies’ attacks, to establish peaceful coexistence and cooperation. Thus, in the course of time, due to these factors their cultures interwove and influenced on each other introducing or imposing new traditions, languages, religious beliefs that sometimes led to partial or total extinction of cultures. The Early Middle Ages or Dark ages embraces the period of the 5th and 10th centuries (Sayre 126). The era of the Early Middle Ages began after the collapse of the Roman Empire that included vast European territories.In this connection some historians claim that European culture takes its root from the fall of the Roman Empire and so being nothing else as a synthesis of Greco Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions. The Carolingian empire In this paper I’m going to concentrate on the Carolingian empire, ruled by Charles the Great (Charlemagne or Carolus Magnus) and to examine how these traditions are implemented into in the Early Middle Ages at the court of Charlemagne providing examples to illustrate and prove my assumptions. To deeply understand how the Early Middle Ages combine different traditions that served as a basis for European culture it’s necessary to dwell on the origins and development of Greco Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions at the court of Charlemagne. The Carolingian empire was ruled by Charles the Great (Charlemagne), “a dynamic and powerful ruler” was the first dominant state of the medieval European world since the collapse of the Roman Empire (Sayre 126). During his reign Charlemagne introduced a lot of reforms into various spheres, such as religion and church, education, politics and was known for his achievements as a “the father of Europe”. The period of his reign is regarded by twentieth-century historians as the “Carolingian Renaissance” (Gabriel, Stuckey 247). A fierce warrior and a just ruler, Charlemagne successfully led military campaigns expanding the territory of his state and uniting most of Western Europe, conquering tribes that resisted his rule and occupying the territory of modern-day Germany and Italy during his long reign (768-814) (Gabriel, Stuckey 247). Charles is greatly known for converting tribes into Christianity during his miscellaneous campaigns. Alongside this, the emperor tried to strengthen economic ties to the Mediterranean. The implementation of Catholic Church A powerful ruler, Charles the Great realized that enlisted by the Catholic Church’s support he can strengthen his possessions over Europe. Ancient Germanic tribes worshipped many gods and denied the divinity of god. Charlemagne established relationships with the Catholic
The American dream has become one of the most important values in the sense that it has played a significant role in providing American citizens with the freedom to pursue their goals, rights and dreams. This has been a dominant phenomenon for many years now. The idea of the American dream has been existing since as early as the 17 th century. However, in the beginning of the 20 th century period, it was generally formulated and widely accepted among people who arrived in the USA. As a result, different playwrights developed dramas which were played in theatres and largely portrayed the quest for the American dream by individuals, as well as society. This paper examines how the search for the American dream was portrayed in two plays namely the American salesman by Arthur Miller and the melting pot by Israel Zangwill. The melting pot The American dream has received different and yet numerous definitions over the years. In spite of the various descriptions that have been given to the American Dream, it is also worth noting that this concept has been a major driving force aimed at attaining success in the widely acknowledge land of America. The various facets of the American dream tend to touch on the aspirations of the youth and beauty, dreams of property ownership, upward mobility and equality among others. This has made the American dream to be real for many people and also elusive to other groups and social classes which regarded it as a mere guideline for people who wanted to become successful. The concept of the search for the American dream was clearly displayed in the works by Israel Zangwill who in his play The Melting Pot indicated how different individuals in modern societies shift their focus on realizing their freedom (Kraus, 1999). This form of a freedom has been described in various ways ranging from social to financial. However, different analysts criticized the use of the ‘melting pot’ in the play to show the pursuit of the American dream terming it as unrealistic in the sense that the term ‘melting’ creates a picture of individuals who completely abandon their cultures in search for the American dream (Cardullo, 2007). In addition, this has been viewed as an uncivilized way of seeking perfection in society, especially if culture is to be abandoned for the sake of the American dream. Nonetheless, the play brings out the importance of freedom tacking into consideration the fact that during the previous era, it was evide