ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Scholars have identified a close relationship between music and the brain. Music can contribute to positive responses in the parts of the brain. At the same time, unpleasant music can affect the brain. It is important to identify the precise impact of music on the brain. Blood and Zatorre (2001) showed that music is an intensely pleasurable activity. It contributes to positive responses in the brain. The scholars have used positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the response of the human body to music. Pleasurable activities such as sex and drug consumption lead to reactions such as chills. Such responses lead to changes in the blood flow in the brain. In addition, other changes in different parts of the brain are noted. Reward, motivation, arousal, and considerable emotional changes stimulate the brain. Music has been regarded as an intense pleasurable activity. Nevertheless, there is another category of music, which can be regarded as a painful activity. In the present context, the music, which is liked by the listener, is considered as a pleasurable activity. Brain parts such as the subcallosal and frontal polar cortex react to cerebral blood flow. Such changes can take place when an individual participates in a pleasurable activity. The study substantiates the evidence obtained from the research associated with animals. Such studies have shown that the animal brain reacts to activities such as drug use and sex (Blood & Zatorre, 2001). The study has provided empirical evidence to prove that the brain responds to a pleasurable activity such as music. Researchers have also demonstrated that unpleasant activities can have negative implications for the functioning of the brain. Main body A study by Jänke and Sandmann (2010) attempted to analyze the impact of background music on verbal learning. The study shows that background music does not affect verbal learning. At the same time, the study noted cortical activation as a response to the music. The researchers selected pertinent musical excerpts, which were not known to research participants. Variations in the music were achieved through tempo and changes in the noise levels. At the same time, studies conducted in the office and traffic contexts showed that music could affect the performance of the listeners. Verbal learning is an important part of academic activity. Studies have assumed that music has a positive impact on the learning ability of an individual. At the same time, changes in the pattern of music affect the learning ability of an individual. The study uses electroencephalogram (EEG) measures. The research is different from the previous studies, as it has selected different musical extracts. It is possible that the musical notes selected by the researchers influenced the result of the study. It is apparent that the subjects were not allowed to select the musical passages (Jänke & Sandmann, 2010). The study is significant because it has shown the limitations of the previous studies. It has also proved that there is no significant relationship between music and verbal learning. Previous studies showed that music affected research
Singapore Island is currently positioning itself as a hub for medical tourism. The country’s health care sector attracts approximately over two hundred thousand patients from other countries on an annual basis. The country is strategizing on how to serve one million patients by the near future since this would form crucial source of revenue to the government. The country is known to provide world class treatment based on modern-technology and best medical expertise. One of the largest private healthcare facilities in Asia is found in Singapore with highly competent physicians and nurses. These hospitals generally deal with the treatment of wide scope of ailments and patient care. Singapore’s hospitals also offer special clinics for international clients. The courtesy of their hospitals extends to receiving patients and their families from the airports and at the same time providing help on necessary arrangements. This makes Singapore’s health care industry outstand amidst the 140,000 hospitals serving within Asian region. The Asian population is expected to grow at a higher rate by 2050, providing a potential base for healthcare business (Chantarapitak, 2006). Singapore needs to beef up its medical tourism promotion through Medicine website. Such website would provide important links required to access Singapore’s major hospital chains, clinics, specific physicians as well as international patient centres. The estimated regular tourist spending stands at $ 144 per day while that of medical tourists stand at $ 362. Coordinated national strategy within Singapore could be utilized to boost medical sector (Chantarapitak, 2006). National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) and its Services mix The National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) is a health facility found in Singapore specializing in the provision of cancer treatment services. The facility became a national cancer centre in the year 1999 and has evolved through the years to become an established regional centre used for research and cancer treatment. It became the first established one-stop multi-disciplinary centre where physicians are granted the opportunity to sub-specialize to deeply understand various types of cancer. In addition the NCCS became the first centre to introduce various innovative services for patients such as establishment of fluorescence diagnosis in 2004 and drug-induced light therapy. In addition the facility introduced use of Images-Guided Radiotherapy capable of enhancing radiation based treatment. NCCS is known as a regional and national centre of excellence. The centre also offers services on cancer prevention and deals with Thoracic, Pancreatic, Head, Hepatobiliary and Neck cancers. These cases are attended by highly qualified oncologists having international recognition. This makes it possible for the centre to offer internationally recognized services with the support of nursing and allied health professionals. The oncologists present at the centre provide comprehensive, multi-disciplinary cancer care services which include surgical, radiation and medical oncologists
School WLAN Deploying a wireless local area network (WLAN) in a school environment can be an enormous asset in the learning process. However, such an environment presents unique challenges in ensuring the network’s security. This report will examine the probable user groups, their security requirements, and potential risks associated with a classroom WLAN, and propose security and authentication measures necessary to make the network secure. User Groups and Their Security Requirements Users in a school WLAN can be divided into three broad categories:   * Students. Generally do not require external access or access to restricted materials. Require very limited modification of resources on the network.   * Faculty members/teachers. May require external access or access to confidential internal materials, as well as modified access to resources.   * Other staff. This includes staff with responsibilities not necessarily involved in the teaching process, including those administrating the network. This group requires the most flexible security considerations as their needs can vary significantly, but generally, their requirements lie above those of the previous group. It should also be noted that most users of a school WLAN can be expected to have limited computer literacy, preventing their use of complicated authentication
Introduction Walmart is one of the most recognized companies in the world due to its business success (Soderquist, 2005). It is a multinational retailer corporation running chains of stores. These include department and warehouse stores. The company has employed over two million persons worldwide and operates in nine different retail formats. All these vast businesses require a well-trained workforce to run in order to continue being successful. Main Body The types of training required to vary extensively from retailers, customer care personnel to top management personnel. The training and development procedures employed should not be one-time events but continuous. It should be integral and ongoing and should become part of the employees’ lives. This would ensure steady growth and ensure that every employee becomes conversant with the changes that occur in the current market. The first type of training should be an in-depth orientation of the company. This would ensure that the person becomes familiar with the history and culture of the company. This is necessary in order to make the person appreciate the uniqueness of the company and to learn to develop the culture in order to fit within the world of Walmart. This also includes being introduced to the roles and responsibilities that one would take on when one joins the operations. After getting an orientation, every employee should undergo specific training under particular training and development programs. This would give the person the desired knowledge and tools required in order to be successful in the company. This is where the persons are required to chart their own career paths and accomplish their goals. There is a need for management training. These are meant to help managers sharpen their leadership skills. This training needs to be open to the employees of Walmart in order to give them an opportunity to venture into managerial positions. Training should go across the different countries of the world in order to encourage diversity and to foster the unique culture of the company (Kendall, 1998). Conclusion A training program is also required at Sam’s Club. These include training in customer relations (interpersonal skills) and managerial training. This goes out to all those seeking positions in the club. After training, these persons should have an opportunity to apply for available positions. The persons seeking employment at food and drug stores require training in issues concerning health management. In conclusion, training in ethical issues is important for every employee in Walmart, therefore, there should be programs in place to cater to these needs.
Business level strategy is one of the three levels of strategic management that looks at the general objectives formulated at the corporate level and converts them to specific objectives to fit various business units of the organization (Warren, 2008). To acquire a competitive edge in the industry, an organization’s business unit can employ cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies (Morden, 2007). Cost leadership is where a firm offers quality products at a lower price relative to their competitors while in differentiation the firm diversifies its products to meet the needs of various markets. In focus strategy, the firm inclines its efforts towards producing goods or offering services that are unique to a particular market niche. Google is a website that allows customers to conduct research, publish and advertise their businesses at their convenience. This website can be accessed through personal computers and even mobile phones. Of late, the use of mobile phones for research is becoming more common among students who spend most of the time on these gadgets. In response, the company has enabled the use of these phones to create ads especially for those who want to advertise their products and services at their disposal. This has been facilitated by the latest mobile phones such as iphones that have many features that enhance their use as substitutes to computers. To remain highly competitive in the market, Google employs cost leadership and differentiation strategies in its approach to competition. Through differentiation strategy, the company is offering a variety of products and services including Page Rank, Google AdWords, customer service, Caffeine, Google Instant and Google Android. This diversification of products aims at meeting the needs of different market niches both in the company’s mother country and in the foreign markets. As for Page Rank, related web pages are accessed at once by the user and do not depend on the number of times a given item occurs on the webpage unlike other competitors whose search engines rely on the number of times the pages have been accessed. Google keeps on restructuring the Page Rank algorithm to keep it up-to-date (Levy, 2010). The restructuring targets the ever changing competitive environment that is fueled by dynamic technology and innovations from other competitors such as Twitter and Bang. To remain competitive, one has to be the technological leader in a given industry. Given that Page Rank is an intangible product, its imitation by rivals has proved a hard nut to crack that has given Google a competitive advantage for a long time (Talwar, 2011). Since the company acquired patent rights for this product, they have been giving Google protection against duplication by its competitors such as Bang. To curb these competitors, the company has also employed a grand strategy of product development from time to
Introduction The purpose of this study is to critically analyze organizational learning and strategy differences in the Chinese Based firms in Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Review of literature Many writers have provided information focusing on the Asian Policy Makers. Focus is given to the new strategic developmental strategies resulting from the economic Downturn that was been prevalent in the Asian countries for the last three decades. Economic success of the Chinese based Firms is used as a Benchmark of these developmental strategies due to their Economic success despite economic downturn in the region. Unlike their regional competitors such as Japan and South Korea, with big Firms operating on a large scale, the Chinese firms have resilience (Dierkes et al, 2003, p 716). There is a new focus shift from the Large Firms to small and medium sized ones on Market. Characteristics of Chinese Based Firms At present, the firms are mainly found in Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In the first place, these firms are small and medium in sizes. (Yeung, et al, 2011, p. 34.). Additionally, they are viewed as late comers to technology, thus they lack access to modern and advanced technology of large Western based firms. The firms have a high tendency of integration into global and local production networks. Learning strategies and processes Despite the economic down turn in the region, the firms remained a success. They have become a central focus due to their, economic progress. Chinese Firms uses adoptive and imitational forms of knowledge transfer (Yu, 2007, p.18). Imitations resulted to drastic growth, instead of using an innovative process despising the western concept of product life cycle. This is coupled with creation of learning in networks Learning in networks The firms are incorporated into regional as well as the global corporations networks based in the western enterprises of Japan Europe and the USA. The Chinese based firms have a characteristic of incorporating other highly developed western based firms in their technology and management systems unlike Japanese and other western based enterprises whose allied enterprises are centrally attached only to their mother companies/firms. Interfirm cooperation thus takes their center in learning. Interfirm cooperation The firms in this region of the world being late comers to the technological world of production strive to make their products better through knowledge accumulation and internalization leading to knowledge of producing goods already on market (Dierkes et al. 2003, p.721). There exist also strategic alliances. Strategic alliances Forming strategic alliances is also another learning strategy employed by Chinese firms as their Learning process. They target brand name leaders of through formation of joint ventures with these innovative Firms. Their governments also give them some support. Government support It is also characteristic of the Governments in these regions to provide and create favorable organization
Disability Studies as an academic discipline explores the nature, meaning, and repercussions of disability. By focusing on medical and social constructs of disability, disability studies tend to be multidisciplinary, intersecting the humanities and social sciences. It nobly aims to improve the civil rights of persons living with disabilities and better their overall quality of life. Challenging the established and entrenched perspective that disability is a defect only remediable by medical approaches is an extremely involving exercise. The mechanisms by which this academic field seeks to de-stigmatize disease and impairments require a comprehensive application of humanities and social sciences. Disability studies dwell on examining the nature of the disability and its consequences in the backdrop of sociocultural, political, and ethical factors, making it a social science. Disability encompasses physical and mental impairments related to cognitive, intellectual capacity, and physical or sensory problems. By seeking to broaden and advance understanding of physical or psychological inadequacy, disability studies contribute to social change for those living with disabilities. Furthermore, through its questioning of the notion of normal-abnormal binary, this academic field supposes that a wide spectrum of human variations is normal. Similar to African American studies and women’s studies, which were born out of the civil rights movement, disability studies also trace their roots to the 1960s disability rights movement. As such, disability studies identify more with the academic discipline of social sciences. While it still appears as new in academic specialties, disability studies allow students, teachers, activists, and researchers to interact with the subject matter from diverse disciplinary perspectives. Advancing such issues as prioritizing leadership posts held by physically or mentally disabled persons requires understanding society. However, the background information on social organization and why people perform the activities they do is the basis of social science.
Introduction Objectives, Contract Law and Business Relationships This paper examines the legalities involved in Canadian credit card contractual agreements and attempts to analyze and suggest measures to rectify the shortcomings in the cardholder terms and conditions. Many varieties of credit cards serving diverse consumer uses are available in Canada and are issued by well-known banking and financial companies. These include Standard Credit Cards, Gold Credit Cards, Platinum Credit Cards, and Student Credit Cards, all of these being available across Canada at low and regular rates. Besides these, there are also the US Dollar Credit Cards, the Secured Credit Cards, the Charge Cards, and the Retail Credit Cards. The study tries to analyze an actual credit card agreement as per the terms and conditions set out by a leading card issuer bank in its credit card application. When a card applicant signs the application, a card is issued to him or her, and he uses the same, then he becomes a card-holder who is bound by the terms and conditions of use of the card as stipulated by the issuing company or bank. Since credit cards are both personal credit instruments as also payment tools and the cardholder can operate on his linked account at his convenient time, place, and ease, it is no wonder that most Canadians are in possession of at least two credit cards on average. In all credit card transactions, the cardholder is directly under contract with the issuing bank. But there are other parties like merchants, ISOs, and Card Associations, (e.g., VISA and MasterCard). VISA and MasterCard are the organizations that frame rules and offer card services through their member banks and financial institutions. Thus the actual business relationship is between the cardholder and the issuing bank, the Card Association and the member issuing bank, between the issuer bank and the merchants/POS, etc. The relationship is for the mutual benefit of the contracting parties. Thus while a cardholder may opt for a card with a bank for the advantages that he perceive
The Most Appealing Ideas In his book A Repair Kit for Grading: 15 Fixes for Broken Grades , Ken O’Connor focuses on the practice of grading students’ works and academic performance. In particular, the author is convinced that grading is carried out in a flawed manner. As a result, due to the “broken” grading practices, many educators tend to assign unfair or inappropriate marks to their students. The entire idea of reevaluating and reassessing the way in which grades are given in schools is very appealing. In fact, the approach to grading has remained without any significant transformations for many years. It is possible that now it is high time to introduce some changes and make the processes of grading more effective and fair. Another idea of the author that seems very interesting is his discussion of the zero grade. In particular, O’Connor argues that grading students with zeroes for the missing homework is impractical. He believes that zero is an inappropriate grade category because it represents the lacking compliance with the task but not the level of knowledge of a particular student. In that way, instead of zeroes, O’Connor proposes rating such performance of learners as “Incomplete”. In addition, the author expresses an idea that it would make sense to provide students who failed to bring their homework with a 75-day period within which they would be obligated to complete the missing assignments and be graded accordingly. All in all, the author is driven by a clever idea of adjusting the current grading practices used in schools. The intention behind this idea is to create a better and more precise grading approach. This intention is both interesting and controversial and could result in positive, as well as negative, outcomes. Implications of the Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator One of the major and most obvious implications of the ideas outlined by O’Connor is the need to reassess and change the entire grading system or some of its core aspects. Such an enormous change could potentially result in much confusion among educators and the division into two groups – the professionals who support the change and the ones against it. In turn, the confusion could contribute to the loss of effectiveness in the grading practices while the change project is implemented because it may take time for educators to adapt to the new system, embrace its differences, and identify its advantages. Apart from inconveniences related to change and the educators’ lack of readiness or desire to adjust to it, there could be multiple positive implications of O’Connor’s idea. For example, the new system could improve the grading standards thus enhancing the performance of educators by means of helping them focus on their students’ academic achievement and stop getting distracte