ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of this paper is to highlight a company that has recently changed its strategy and identifies the reasons for the change in the strategy for the company. For this paper, the article that has been selected is from the Marketing News titled ‘Match.com shifts strategy in the face of competition’. The article was published in March 2008 and provides the shift of the strategy for the company about its media planning and marketing function. About the company Match.com is a company conducting its business activities online on the internet. Match.com is an online dating website that provides services to its customers about enabling them to make their profiles on the internet and connect with other people who are interested in going out for a date. The company is the largest online dating service provider with a significant 20 million members of which 1.3 million are paying customers of the company. Match.com was initiated in 1995 and since then has evolved considerably according to the changes taking place in its users and their requirements. The website is now present in customized formats for 35 countries with content published in over 18 languages. The website is owned by InterActiveCorp which is a group of internet business-based companies. The company has been operating in a competitive environment with other similar sites offering similar services like the DatingDirect in the UK and the personal dating options and portals provided by large internet companies like Yahoo and MSN. Aside from this, the company is also facing increased pressures from community-based online forums and web listings like Facebook and MySpace. In the face of this competition as well as the changes taking place in the industry and the changing requirements of the customers, Match.com has changed its strategy for marketing by heavily indulging in above the line (ATL) strategies and activities. The previous marketing strategy that was adopted by the company pertained to advertising on the internet on different forums, websites as well as through search engine optimization. Moreover, the company was also trying to create a live experience for an offline activity for its members. The company as a result sought to advertise on television as well through the radio and the outdoor medium. The company offered successful couples who met through match.com to come on TV during peak airing times. This built the reputation and the integrity of the brand for match.com aside from this money shot based live campaigns were launched to support the advertising and marketing activities of the company. However, due to extensive competition in the market, on television as well as on the internet the company has had to rethink its marketing strategy. Instead, now the company is going for a more proactive and planned marketing strategy. The new strategy The new strategy for the company is to extensively invest millions in media planning for its new marketing strategy and promote online dating as a more socially acceptable form of dating than it has been till now. Aside from t
Designing an online learning environment Designing an online learning environment requires appropriate and relevant strategies to enhance successful learning. The learning environment must consist of clearly and comprehensively articulated learning objectives as well as the ultimate expectations. Since learning has to be conducted online, it is vital to come up with a website which is easily navigable. Collaborative learning has to be enhanced through a learning structure that advocates for team work studies (Szuchman, 2005). Collaborative learning can also be enhanced through activities and assignments which tend to facilitate communication as well as participation among students. There is also need for computer facilitated elements through appropriate use of technology to enhance learning (Szuchman, 2005). There are various factors which need to be considered when designing a learning environment that incorporates both self instructional model and computer facilitated elements. One of these factors is known as learner motivation. For self instructional purposes, learners need to be subjected to a motivating learning environment. Learner motivation is important since it encourages students to work hard and also boosts their morale or self-esteem. Strategies which can be used for learner motivation include; recognition of hard working students through issuing certificates, presents and other prizes. Learners can also be motivated through setting up a reward system for those registering improved performances. Poor performing students can also be encouraged to work hard through setting up motivation and discussion groups for academic improvement (Trudy, 1997). For successful learning, resources have to be available and easily accessible. Learning resources can be made available and accessible through setting up online libraries and giving guidelines to students on how hey can access the learning materials that are available. Some of the resources that shou
Years of research have revealed that learning is a continuous process that is essential for the existence and effective performance of organizations. Unexpected changes may take place in companies, for example, retirements. Some of them may require the organization to alter their goals, policies and products. The remaining members of staff should have the ability to adapt seamlessly. Proponents of individual learning assert that it is influenced by the assumption that education has social benefits, and can be achieved in three forms thus formal, informal, and incidental. The participants are required to form a relationship between themselves and their environment. A good method of determining whether there is progress is proposed by the activity theory. Organizations should engage their employees in group activities, instead of assigning responsibilities to individuals. Any notable changes in employee behavior provide a new concept of education referred to as organizational learning. Parsons Theory is known to stress the importance of the relationship between individual behavior in a social setting, and their ability to cope to their environment. This provides an option for learners to undertake actions individually or collectively since they have a plethora of options at their disposal. This concept, if properly taken advantage of will establish the most excellent scaffold on which learning interventions can be developed. The dance supposition has been proposed in a bid to explain another mode of learning. It is widely used, for the fact that it illustrates the process one has to go through during the learning process. It gives prominence to the need of widespread participation by every stakeholder. A person engages his whole being, by involving both his emotional and spiritual self. Dialog in emphasized since an organization is believed to be human a construction. The theory explains that shared understanding can be achieved among employees, if a course of action that is specifically formulated for the purpose is employed. Although there is no single procedure for attaining this, it lays emphasis on the fact that collective learning calls for engaging of multiple aspects, as opposed to individual ideas. The learners should have excellent inter personal skills that are mandatory for a harmonious coexistence with their peers. Since it is mandatory for them to possess knowledge of dialog techniques, the
Internship The term aviation logistics refers to the aerial transportation of materials and passengers from Point A to B. Aviation logistics is critical because it supports the needs of many organizations across the globe. Aviation logistics is widely used by every army in the globe. My internship gave me the opportunity to work in the army. I worked in the aviation logistics department. This report begins by giving a brief history of the United States Army. The essay also describes the roles and responsibilities completed during the period. A Brief History of the Organization The United States Army (USA) was established in 1775. This historical background makes it one of the oldest organizations in the country. The American Army Aviation was established in 1942. New efforts were implemented in order to promote the best logistical operations. Throughout the 1950s, the Organic Army Aviation (OAA) acquired new technologies in order to achieve its potentials. Army Aviation began to undertake new activities in logistics, procurement, and training. New responsibilities for the division emerged during the Vietnam War. This development explains why Army Aviation became the commonsensical provider of aerial services for the military. Goals, Missions, Objectives, and Structure of the Organization The vision of the organization has been to provide versatile, responsive, and competent forces that can produce quality results. The mission of the Army Aviation is to provide the required combat support to every American force. The organization has several objectives. For instance, the organization embraces modern technologies and ideas in order to maintain the required operational superiority. The important goal is meeting every combat requirement. The institution plans to address every obstacle by developing new logistical systems. It is also working hard to modernize its forces. It has created new strategies that can deliver quality results. The relevant authorities use modern technologies in order to achieve the b
According to the utilitarian theory, the proper course of action is believed to maximize utility 1 . In other words, the moral worth of an action is estimated solely by its resulting outcome; however, a number of experts are considering including the intended, unforeseen and actual consequences into this definition 1 . This paper opposes the concept of abortion on the basis of utilitarian theory. Abortion has been defined by various authors in different contexts. In simple terms, irrespective of the reasons behind it, abortion involves the termination of human pregnancy deliberately 2 . Abortion can be conducted under various circumstances. For instance, doctors may advice an expectant mother to terminate her pregnancy if they have solid evidence indicating that the lives of both the mother and child are in danger. On the other hand, utilitarian theory is based on the ability to foretell a repercussion in respect to an undertaken act. As such, the decision which attracts a better deal to the majority is considered to be ethically correct. Utilitarian theory also aims at comparing two related predictions to arrive at an ethical decision. Additionally, utilitarian is divided into act and rule utilitarianism. In act utilitarianism, one performs an action that is beneficial to the majority regardless of personal feelings or law 3 . Let us examine the concept of an expectant mother under the act of utilitarianism. Assuming that the expectant mother wants to terminate her pregnancy and the people surrounding her (for instance her family members and friends) are against her decision, she cannot continue with her termination plans lest she be considered as an ethically immoral woman in society and risk losing the company of her friends and relatives. In such a scenario, the expectant mother is advised to compare her current situation to a similar situation which happened previously to predict the consequence of her action, and putting into consideration that her society is morally upright, she will opt to keep the baby since it will do her more good than harm. On the other hand, utilitarianism is governed by law and fairness. An action taken ought to attract the majority and must be free and fair in terms of law. It has an additional beneficence principle which aims at doing good. In the case of an expectant mother, even if she wanted, she will have no right whatsoever to terminate the pregnancy because of the three reasons. First and foremost, the majority of people will not abide by her since abortion is considered to be an immoral act of human murder. Sec
Introduction College going students are increasingly being identified as experiencing more psychological challenges in addition to the academic pressure. It is also observed that college going students lack the necessary healthy skills required to deal with the increasing challenges. In most instances, there are also limited channels for students to seek help. Furthermore, in situations where there are channels, they are not friendly or conducive enough. Unhealthy habits such as binge drinking and eating disorders are just symptoms of an underlying serious problem. However, when the underlying problems lead to suicide at the rate being experienced in colleges, it becomes a concern for parents, academic institutions, other students and health care providers. Usually when a problem threatens the lives of a significant percentage of a productive segment of the society, it only becomes obvious that initiatives to establish the root cause are undertaken. According to Medline Plus (2010), teen suicide is already becoming a major problem in the United States. Medline Plus continues to outline that the most saddening aspect about suicide, is that it is always the last resort during moments of extreme depression. Mostly, human beings develop defence mechanisms for dealing with unpleasant situations. There are various factors that may however prevent persons from effectively dealing with stressful situations effectively. Drug abuse and alcohol have been identified as major stress contributors. Genetic factors where some individuals are more prone to stress than others are also significant. Other factors include age, sex and even race. It is because of these outlined factors that some individuals are prone to committing suicide than others. Suicide usually results from an overwhelming situation experienced by the victim, after which the victim completely loses hope in al
Introduction Dementia is not a specific disease and rather is a group of symptoms caused by brain disorders that usually affect the elderly population. While the condition is common for people over 65, dementia is not a part of the aging process. Dementia is diagnosed when patients show signs of problems with two or more brain functions, including memory and language. Among frequent causes, researchers mention Alzheimer’s disease and stroke. Although drugs can improve symptoms and slow down the disease, contemporary medicine cannot cure the illness and repair brain damage. Group Characteristics People over 65 is a vulnerable population usually characterized by suffering from an increased number of chronic diseases. The elderly are in need of special attention from health care authorities due to their health and functional status. This population group is more likely to suffer from economic hardships, depression, and loneliness (Kales, Gitlin, & Lyketsos, 2015). Moreover, people over 65 are more at risk of experiencing the symptoms of dementia, vision impairment, and heart conditions (Kales et al., 2015). Therefore, the population group demonstrates a need for a shift towards addressing chronic diseases rather than treating acute illnesses. Describing the Condition Dementia is a universal problem for healthcare systems around the globe as the number of people suffering from its symptoms is snowballing. According to Baumgart et al. (2015), 47 million people worldwide live with dementia, and the number is estimated to triple by 2050. Approximately 90% of the cases start among patients older than 65. The characteristics of the condition can be summarized as “people not acting like themselves” and can include behavioral, language, emotional, and movement symptoms (“Dementia,” n.d.). The behavioral conditions are perseveration, social disinhibition, and compulsive eating (“Dementia,” n.d.). Aphasia, dysarthria, apathy, dystonia, tremor, and apraxia can also be the signs of dementia (“Dementia,” n.d.). In short, the illness is a crucial healthcare issue that should be addressed on the international level. Dementia is usually caused by brain damage, lifestyle, and cardiovascular diseases. While the most significant risk factors are age and genetic susceptibility genes, such conditions as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are common risk factors for dementia (Baumgart et al., 2015). Moreover, smoking, alcohol, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, and social engagement are also considered possible causes of the condition (Baumgart et al., 2015). However, the most frequent source of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. The illness is characterized by an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that is gradually destroying memory and ability to think and, eventually, the ability to carry out simplest tasks (“Alzheimer’s Disease,” n.d.). In brief, dementia is a group of symptoms that can be the consequences of inapprop
Introduction Janell Hobson criticizes the video, “Run the World”, by award-winning singer/ songwriter Beyonce Knowles. She believes this song sends mixed messages on feminism, and therefore fails to advance the feminist cause. Hobson (5) explains that the lyrics to the song as well as the video contradict female empowerment. Not only are the women hypersexualized in the song, but their need for approval from a male audience (consisting of riot police) is unimaginative and anti-feminist. While the author provides some sound arguments about why the song betrayed gender equality, her assertions only focused on a superficial analysis of the piece. A deeper analysis of the singer’s background as well as women’s reception of the song would have provided a convincing argument on the performance. How the author was unsuccessful in her claims Hobson (2) seems to base he
Negotiations are part of our daily activities. In commerce, effective negotiations are the pillars of all successful businesses (Dietmeyer & Kaplan, 2004). Companies who adopt effective negotiation strategies can be able to generate assessable business values for themselves and for their clients. Unlike in the past, negotiations have become very important to every business organization. This has been brought about by deals becoming more complex, more professional buyers joining the marketplace, competitive behaviors in the market, and increase in internal negotiations within companies (Dietmeyer & Kaplan, 2004). Business experts classify negotiations into several types based on critical variables such as time, conflicts, and participants. In this regard, this paper seeks to compare and contrast integrative negotiation and distributive negotiation strategies. Integrative negotiation is normally referred to as win more- win more model of negotiation (Pienaar & Naylor, 2001). Through this approach, participating parties aim at walking away with at least perceptions of having gained more than they could through different approaches. As compared to other models of negotiations, this model is the most preferred. During the negotiation processes, disagreements are avoided because they are more costly than compromises. This implies that gains and losses are equalized to enhance repetitive and continuous relationships in the future. Another approach of negotiation is distributive negotiation model. This approach is normally referred to as win-lose model of negotiation (Pienaar & Naylor, 2001). Unlike the previous model, each party involved in the negotiation process is after winning the deal. This implies that the winning parties are not concerned with the outcomes of the losing parties. More often, losing parties will seek control over the other parties’ finances, resources, or associations. Distributive negotiation models are applied mostly in negotiations with fixed resources to be shared. As such, court cases, some property negotiations, and divorce issues are the best examples of distributive negotiations. As compared with integrative negotiation model, distributive negotiation model employs offensive tactics rather than defensive tactics. For instance, in distributive model parties employ deception tactics by trying to make the competing parties give in more than they can concede (Pienaar & Naylor, 2001). According to business experts, integrative model is more effective than the distributive model. In general, integrative model can be described as cooperative approach, while distributive model can be described as competitive approach. In my work environment, the integrative negotiation model will be more effective than the distributive model. Through this model, our organization can cooperate and focus with other organizations with the aim of
Introduction Nickel electroplating is used for electroforming, functional and decorative purposes. Nickel plating is divided into two categories, electroless plating and electrolytic plating. Electroplating involves covering metallic surfaces using electrically charged particles. During the electrolytic plating process, the voltage applied determines the quantity of metal deposited (Snyder par. 1). Electroless nickel plating is an important process due to the distinctive characteristics of the electroless nickel (EN) deposits. Nickel sulfate is the most commonly used nickel cations source while nickel acetate and nickel chloride are only used in a few applications. This is because nickel acetate is expensive while nickel chloride cannot be used to electroplate metals, such as aluminum. The most commonly used reducing agents during the nickel electroplating include dimethylamine borane ((CH 3 ) 2 NHBH 3 ), sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), sodium hypophosphite (NaH 2 PO 2 .H 2 O) and hydrazine (N 2 H 4 .H 2 O). During the nickel-plating process, complexing agents (ligands) are used to decrease free nickel ions concentration, stop nickel salt precipitation, and buffer the solution to prevent rapid pH decrease. An electroless nickel (EN) plating solution can decompose spontaneously when stabilizers are not used in the plating solution. Stabilizers include unsaturated organic acids, heavy metal cations, such as lead and mercury, oxygenated compounds, and group VI elements. The rate of deposition and kinetics of the electroless nickel plating process are greatly influenced by temperature. This is because the reaction is catalytic and requires external energy to proceed. Generally, the electroless plating process involves selective reduction of metallic ions through catalytic action which involves oxidation and reduction (REDOX) reactions. Electroless Plating According to Mallory (2), electroless plating involves the covering of metallic surfaces with cobalt or nickel alloys without the application of external electricity sources. However, the term also involves any procedure which results in the precipitation of metals from aqueous media. Electroless nickel (EN) plating has several industrial and commercial applications due to the nature of electroless nickel deposits. T
Natural laws, rights and property Locke was a man in England who supported Shaftesbury. Shaftesbury was a politician who desired the powers of the king to be restricted. He made moves in the parliament at that time to prevent James, the brother of King Charles from becoming the successor to the throne. However Shaftesbury was defeated and he was sent on exile together with Locke to Netherlands. This is where Locke wrote the two treatises that advocated for property as a natural right, the need and role of the government. Locke proposed views on property as a natural right that have proven to be contentious. First of all he said that in the beginning God gave the land to all the humanity. There was nothing like private property in the beginning. It is men who started the concept of private property. The divine law given by God was that land should be owned communally by the people. Locke’s view on natural laws from which men derived their natural rights was normative and not descriptive. His ideas were based on what should be the practice in the society and not what was happening at that time. Locke put