ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Liberty can be defined as the freedom to do whatever one wishes without control from external forces such as the government. This means that people have the freedom to carry out their activities without restrictions from others. For instance, human beings at liberty are expected to make independent decisions since their thinking is not controlled by external forces. This is extremely beneficial because it gives human beings chances to be themselves (Rosen, 2003). It is not always convenient to restrict deeds of human beings since they have their own reasoning powers. In addition, people from different places tend to have diverse thinking abilities hence making it impossible for authorities to control aspects of their lives. Many philosophers have argued that humankind should be given chances to rule over their lives, and it been proved that, in organisations where people work are liberal, productivity is enhanced. This is because people feel empowered and respected hence taking it as a motivation. Mill argues that human beings should not be accountable to the society for things they do for themselves. This means that any action taken upon by human beings should not be used against them by the society since their freedom may be affected. However, he argues that in case the society feels that it must intervene, then this should be done in the form of advice (Bucki, 2011). For instance, the society cannot watch and do nothing when one of its members is acting in a manner that is going to hurt them or others in the society. Since people are liberal, the society can use soft techniques on handling the issue, but they cannot force the person to compel to their wishes or thoughts. For example, the society may take action by marking areas that may end up being dangerous to human beings but they do not have the power to control human actions in such areas (Mill, 2010). This means that the best they can do to caution human beings against possible dangers associated with some aspects within the community is to warn them in time. For example, the society can warn people not to use some routes during the night due to security reasons. This should be left to human beings to consider whether to obey or disobey the warning. The society cannot close those routes at night to ensure that everyone is safe but leave people to exercise their liberty. In addition, Mill argues that although poison can cause harm to individuals, it should not be banned from being sold. Instead, people should be educated on its implications to human live
Critical thinking is very important in real life situations and this is based on various aspects. In this case, it can be described as high-order thinking that will certainly question our choice of given actions. In a broad perspective, it is based on various assumptions. Mostly, critical thinking is a good way of deciding if something that we want to embark on is true or false. There are various meanings of critical thinking but most notably, it enables us to make good decisions based on what we want. It is undeniable that critical thinking is a very important component in our daily lives and professions. This is based on the fact that we have to make decisions as we move on with life. We always have some problems of concern that need solutions and this is where critical thinking comes in. As earlier noted, we have in one way or the other used critical thinking in our lives and I am not an exception. In fact, critical thinking resonates well with education because it is supposed to enable us to think intensively. Every class requires us to think constructively which will thereby enhance intelligence plus character. As much as we encounter critical thinking in education, it can also occur when we are judging or deciding on a given solution to a problem. This is based on the fact that we always have problems that need good solutions in our lives for sustainability. We should be able to figure out what is supposed to be done based on what we believe. This means that we should always choose the best outcome among different alternatives at our disposal. A workable solution is always our wish and this can be enhanced through critical thinking. In fact, everybody deliberates on the best course of action to take. Each one of us always wants to succeed in life and that is why we are supposed to come up with good decisions. There are certain skills that are necessary for critical thinking which needs to be critically evaluated and looked at. In the process, we are supposed to strengthen our character as time goes by. In my life, there is a certain situation that demanded critical thinking from me. When I came to college, I had a different objective in relation to my ambitions. I wanted a profession that will satisfy me without any problem. In this case, I wanted something that I will be free to do and enjoy it in the long term. Therefore, as time went by, I felt that I needed to change and seek a transfer to the field of communication. I can confidently say that this is a situation that required critical thinking in my life. As much as we might make certain decisions, it is acceptable to rescind on them based on the current prevailing situations. We can not have two professions at the same time and that is why such issues require a lot of critical thinking. This means that a profession or field that we settle on should guide us throughout or lives. In this case, I had to be sure that what I was embarking on would make me comfortable and satisfy my needs. In fact, I had to look to various assump
Introduction Ex-offenders face a number of challenges in their lives because employers are reluctant to trust them with any job. Moreover, ex-convicts suffer from doubt and negativity because they are often prejudiced and discriminated against (Reicher, & Haslam, 2006). In this regard, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that ex-convicts are incorporated into the community to avoid further incarceration. A number of techniques through which the government can use to change the perception of the community and the ex-offenders exist. The main problem is that ex-offenders might be unwilling to accept the fact that they committed a crime. The first step in ensuring that offenders are incorporated into the community is by making them accept that they committed a crime (Haslam, & Reicher, 2006). Through this, ex-offenders would be accepted back into the community and coexist peacefully. The government needs to come up with programs through which ex-convicts could pick up their lives. Some of the programs include setting aside funds to support ex-convicts in business. For John, he had an opportunity of training while in prison. This means that he has adequate skills that would help him cope with the economic challenges if provided with funds to set up a business. Offering him an opportunity to pursue an academic course would be another strategy aimed at helping him live peacefully. Main Body Ex-convicts face various challenges ranging from social, economic, and cultural. A number of them are perceived as individuals with low morals whose main aim is to destabilize the peace of others in society. Few employers would be reluctant to offer a job to an ex-convict because such an individual would repeat the previous mistakes, especially when the ex-convict was previously charged with fraud or corruption. The best option would be to empower the ex-convict economically in order to make him or her self-reliant. In other words, the best way to resolve the conflict between the ex-convict and the community is to provide opportunities for self-employment. However, the ex-convict must be equipped with adequate skills to improve his or her business skills. Self-employment is a challenge that demands commitment and strategies. Most ex-convicts might not be well conversant with business skills mainly because they might not have obtained adequate skills while in prison (Reicher, & Haslam, 2006). For John, he must be provided with an opportunity in order to prevent him from joining crime. Research shows that most people resort to crime after realizing that they cannot acquire the basic needs using legal means. As a government, the first step would be to ensure that John has an alternative source of capital (Haslam, & Reicher, 2006). Securing employment in
Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is of supreme importance for employees, and criminal justice organizations are not excluded (Peak, 2011; Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2011). Basically, the Act is created to provide people with disabilities with opportunities that are comparable to those of the people without disabilities. Stojkovic et al. (2011) insist that ADA is a very helpful tool that does not only include requirements that protect the rights and dignity of the people with disabilities; it is also capable of guiding the employees’ efforts in improving their policies. Since the legislation is relatively new, the process of the change requires such guidelines given the lack of an appropriate number of the best practices for the time being. In particular, criminal justice organizations are supposed to change their job designs in order to remove the barriers that hinder the access of disabled people to employment and services. First of all, criminal justice organizations are required to avoid discrimination at the point of recruitment, which may affect job design. For example, the introduction of job requirements that are not necessary for the work and create barriers for people with disabilities violates ADA requirements. Stojkovic et al. (2011) suggest creating broader requirements specifically to avoid discrimination on any basis (including disability). Apart from that, the job design should include the benefits that will facilitate the working process for the disabled, thus providing them with opportunities that are equal to those of the people without disabilities. This aspect of ADA compliance is termed as the “reasonable accommodation” for disabled employees. For example, a flexible schedule may be introduced to provide the employee with the opportunity of receiving the necessary treatment while also ensuring that he or she does not have to miss shifts. Moreover, criminal justice organizations are expected to provide an accessible environment, which is also a part of the duty to accommodate, and non-discriminatory workplace (Stojkovic et al., 2011). From the point of view of job design, these aspects can affect the location of the work or the skills that are required from a recruit or would later be developed. In particular, the requirements for diversity training, which grants diversity awareness and empowers the employees to manage diversity or coexist in a diverse environment, are at least partially the re
One of the greatest achievements of the contemporary democratic society is the freedom of speech. In America, freedom of speech is considered to be one of the most cherished values. Every American citizen has the right to express his opinions and ideas. The basis for freedom of speech in America comes from the First Amendment, which declares that no law, which abridges freedom of speech, can be adopted by Congress. The fundamental principle of the American system is the idea of free and open exchanging of thoughts, which enables to find truth and explode lie. At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish freedom of speech and a persons ability to speak whatever he wants. The freedom of speech is not total. This fact is used by those who consider freedom of speech to be a myth in America. Indeed, they have certain reasons for it because the First Amendment talks only about Congress, but nothing is said about other branches of power. However, it is necessary to realize in what cases the government has the right to abridge the freedom of self-expression. This restriction is intended to avoid actions that would harm others, that can cause damage to private property, or even to the health of citizens. For instance, the government within reasonable limits may put restrictions on demonstrations of protest in living districts, in order to assure public safety. Side by side with the freedom of speech, there exists such notion as censorship. Sometimes the restrictions, which are made for censorship reasons, are considered to be free speech restrictions or restrictions of freedom of expression. My strong belief is, these things have nothing in common, and it is necessary to make a clear distinction between them. The recent terrible events, which have taken place in France, are confirmation for this. It goes without saying, that there is no excuse for those, who have carried out such terrorist acts. Human life is the highest value and no one, whatever the reasons are, has a right to take it away. However, I think that the cartoons of Charlie Hebdo, which are considered to give rise to this tragedy, are far from being politically correct. In my opinion, such vulgar drawings, that insult the religious feelings of citizens, that cause ethnic hostility, must be censored, especially in such complicated and multinational countries as France. To my mind, the French government, which has not responded in an appropriate manner to this threat, bears to a certain extent responsible for this tragedy. Politicians, regardless of their views and confessions, are responsible for their country. On the one hand, like any citizen, they have
Introduction Risks are unavoidable in business projects, but their impact can be minimized through effective mitigation plans. A risk management methodology that includes systematic steps and tools is useful for identifying and controlling key risks in a project lifecycle to improve the likelihood of success. Most investments are complex and costly, and thus, managing events likely to cause negative effects or prevent the achievement of objectives is a priority. This paper examines the major risk exposures to a project implementing a smart grid system, recommends ways to address them, analyzes performance control via earned value management (EVM), and identifies useful EVM metrics. Project Summary The automated power project (APP) aims to pilot a new digital system in a local electrical grid. It involves distribution automation to enhance the flexibility and resiliency of the grid when faced with extreme weather. Given the network architecture and security requirements, this project is exposed to many unknown risks. APP is a partnership between the national energy-generating agency and a local distributor. The power supplier provides technology and software, while the energy company offers the infrastructure to implement the project. APP has two project managers with different roles and responsibilities. One of them manages distribution and the other oversees the power supply component of the APP. The pilot project has passed through the design and planning stages and is currently in its implementation phase. Project Risks and Recommendations Smart-grid operations are subject to specific risks and uncertainties that have various drivers and sources. The APP project’s greatest risks can be determined using the probability-impact (PI) matrix. A major risk that the APP project is exposed to is cyber-attack. Attackers may target advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) installed to ensure efficient meter reads and connect or disconnect clients remotely, causing system failure (Faquir et al. 2021). The fault would affect the capacity of the smart grid system to support power flow, compromising its stability and reliability. Thus, malicious attacks constitute a risk with a high likelihood and impact. They can occasion a system shutdown (no power output to consumers) or low voltage energy delivery that may degrade user and utility equipment. Cyber-attacks may also compromise the security of customer data. Unsecure smart grids are vulnerable to remote or physical interference that may affect consumer privacy. Another high-impact risk that APP faces are consumers rejectin
Roger Williams was an English man born in 1603 and died in March 1683. His father James Williams was a blacksmith. He was born to the English Church of London during his life; he served as a clergyman and colonist (Garret 45). While in India, he worked as a magistrate, farmer, trader, and author. He was devoted to God and sought to walk in holiness, making him different from all churches. He believed that as a seeker, he was supposed to propagate deep truths of the gospel that seemed to be missing in every church he went. On account of this, he founded the Rhode Island and Providence town; these were to be places of refuge for the religious minorities. He lived to defend his strong religious principles in the quest for a walk-in purity and being close to God (Payne 4). As a result, he was never able to find any Christian congregation with all the marks that he was looking for. He had an interesting personality. This essay explains why in my opinion he is said to have had an interesting personality. Rogers was a non-conformist right from an early age. He defies the father’s decision at the age of 12, failing to conform to the dad’s choice, and he becomes a Puritan (Payne 4). He did not have to go by what he found in place but by his convictions. This comes out on several occasions as discussed below. He left England when he was displeased with the way of the Puritanical society, and this became a reason for founding Rhode Island, a community that would be able to tolerate religion. He was unable to conform to the teachings and leadership of Archbishop William Lauds. He terms the church in England as one involved in grievous sin, that no one should even associate within fellowship (Bakratchera 6). He, therefore, looks at the church in England as sinful. Any association or fellowship with them was sinful in his opinion. The world was too sinful and one needed to keep uncontaminated in wait for Christ’s coming. Massachusetts believed their society was being redeemed, but he never thought of it this way. He, therefore, failed to conform to the Massachusetts puritans who felt they needed civil protection (Reuben 3). He felt the church in Massachusetts was impure and needed to separate them from the corrupt of the Anglican Church spiritually. He wouldn’t conform to their belief and went on to Boston. Leaving the Massachusetts church, he went to Plymouth church. He found the church here to be too impure and wouldn’t once again conform to their impurity. He therefore left and went to Salem. Later in Salem, after he is appointed a minister, he fails to conform to the civil authority rule in the land and differs with the authority over the judging of transgressions of the Decalogue (Morgan 23). He failed to conform to the theological believes upheld by the Puritans. In Salem, William differs from the
The discussion hosted by the Wilder School was dedicated to the topical phenomena of popular politics in the United States today. With the current political turbulence and an acute confrontation during the presidential election, the issues of popular politics are particularly important for the members of the American society, and the academic environment becomes an adequate forum where they can be discussed. The importance of addressing these issues in a university setting was emphasized by Michael Rao, the president of Virginia Commonwealth University, who said that there is a lot of skepticism in politics today, and the social dialog is deteriorated by the growing harshness of the conflicting parties. In this situation, universities should become the places where difficult issues are addressed because universities foster critical thinking and civilized discussion. After this short introduction, the floor was given to the speakers, among which there were politicians and academics. One of the main themes of the speeches and one of the focuses of the following discussion was representation. It is a known fact that American Revolution started from the request for representation: the colonies refused to pay taxes as long as they could not participate in the decision-making in the Parliament. It shows that the American democracy is largely based on the concept of proper representation. Today, the perceived lack of representation has led to one of the most significant political conflicts within the American society associated with the unlikely presidency of Donald T
Introduction Wilfred Owen was a renowned war poet who lived between 1893 and 1918. Besides his poetry career, Wilfred was also an English soldier. Most of Owen’s work traces their roots to Owen’s war experiences as a soldier. Therefore, most of his work related to war poetry. It is therefore unsurprising that most of his poetic descriptions related to horror, terror, grief, and sorrow. Owen’s works were unique from the works of other war poets because his literary narrations were very emotionally charged and tender. In some respects, it is correct to say many of Owen’s works were romantically themed. Similarly, a significant difference about Owen’s work was his heavy use of rhymes and assonance. Other war poets also used these techniques, but they did not practice them extensively as Owen did. Siegfried Sassoon was one of Owen’s greatest mentors who influenced his poetic style. This paper posits that even though Owen tried to follow Sassoon’s style, he found a niche for himself by writing “romanticised” and tender poetry (Hoffpauir 161). Therefore, albeit Owens’s poetry works are war related, he focused on the pity of war, thereby making his works uniquely distinctive from other war poets. This paper demonstrates Owen’s tender poetic style by focusing on two of Owens’s greatest works, Futility and Anthem for Doomed Youth . Both poems show that Owen had a special style of writing that set him above other poets. However, this paper demonstrates that even though Owen was a successful poet, most of his works are not significant in today’s modern world. Anthem for Doomed Youth Most of Owen’s poems exhibit some unique sense of “tendency” that makes the readers experience an overburdened type of narration, which enacts the devastating nature of war in their minds (Patrick 167). This thematic and stylistic approach manifests in many of Owen’s poems, including, Anthem for Doomed Youth . For example, in the poem, Owen associates the death of soldiers to the death of cattle (Poetry Foundation 1). He strategically uses the word “cattle” in his narration to show that the soldiers lacked a human identity in the war. The use of this word also erodes any form of individuality to the soldiers’ plight in the war because he portrayed how people saw the soldiers as irrational creatures that should die (more like animals). In the same narration, Owen says, “Only the monstrous anger of the guns can patter out their hasty orisons” (Poetry Foundation 1). Here, Owen uses the adjective, monstrous, to refer to the nature of the war that caused the death of thousands of soldiers. Owen also says, “Only the stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle can patter out their hasty orisons” (Poetry Foundation 1). In this narration, Owen carefully chooses the word, stuttering rifles to show the discontinuity of life (caused by war). Moreover, Owen uses the word “