ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The world has ceased to be bipolar after the Cold War, when the Soviet Union was disintegrated. Thus, the US has become the only superpower state in the world. Today it is difficult to say with a high degree of certainty whether our world is unipolar or bipolar. On the one hand, there are such “poles” as the European Union, CIS countries, and China. However, they still seem to be not so powerful as the US influences a wide range of countries economically and ideologically. On the other hand, China is developing very quickly in technological way, and its ideology is very strict and can conflict with that of the US. This can make China a center around which Asian countries can consolidate. Nevertheless, today the military power of the US, its political and cultural influence is incomparable, which makes our world still unipolar. Some political analysts predict that the world is going to become multipolar, but these ideas have been existing for a long time, and it is still unipolar. However, it takes a long time for epochs to completely change, and it is possible that some countries will develop enough to compete with the US.
Introduction The future of the British policy depends on, whether the choice in favor of Europe or the US will be made, – a popular thesis among the British political scientists whose number of supporters was increased after the 2003 war in Iraq. In fact, already half a century, after the beginning of the decline of the British Empire, there is a dilemma of a problem of the choice of the policy format in the field of defense, safety and foreign affairs. “Special relations” with USA long time compensated for the inevitable easing of the international weight and prestige of Great Britain after the end of the Second World War, where the rigid corset, in which the system of the world’s balance of power in the days of the cold war has been concluded, did quite natural the position of Western Europe as their protectorate. However, these days “special relations” are represented to many analysts by a doctrine, not only exhausted its resources but also harming the interests of the United Kingdom. The end of the world’s bipolarity in the past has opened for the uniting Europe the possibility to turn into an independent center of force in the world. This paper addresses the issue of the USA- Britain “special relations”, providing historical background as well as their recent advancements during Tony Blair’s government, and the criticism stating that Britain’s special relationships despite the criticism are the main component of Britain’s foreign policy. Foreign Policy in the Post War Era Traditionally, the foreign policy of Great Britain was based on two opposite tendencies: the preservation of tradition and the ability to change. For a long time, Britain played a special intermediary role between the USSR and the USA. However, after the breakdown of the Soviet as well as the disintegration of the British Empire, Great Britain, compelled to introduce a corrective amendment in foreign policy, formed a special course assuming both preservation of the relation with the USA, and the integration with Europe. After World War II, the labor government led by Clement Richard Attlee cardinally reconsidered the foreign policy doctrine of the country. The head of the foreign policy department Ernest Bevin first put forward the idea of “the third force» – the creation under the leadership of Britain of a block of the West European countries and their colonies which could act on equal with the Soviet block and the USA. However, owing to objective reasons, these claims have quickly given way to a course of rapprochement with the US and the retraction of Washington in the West Europ
Introduction Poor nutrition leads to obesity which in turn causes illness or even death. According to American Medical Association (AMA), the increase in health related diseases and illnesses have been caused by the increase in obesity and overweight rates. Some of these diseases include: diabetes, cancer, insomnia, heart diseases, and cardicascular disease. An individual’s body weight can be measured using body mass index (BMI). Research has found that, about 20% of adults suffer from obesity having a BMI of 30 or more. More than 30% are overweight with a BMI of 25 to 29.9. There is therefore a strong call for involvement to perk up diet and health in order to curb the illnesses associated with poor nutrition. Nutritionists have argued that, water, fruits, and vegetables can be used to counteract this problem (Sturm, 2005). This paper will look at a behavior modification project using fruits and vegetables. It will also explain how nutrition can be used as a preventative approach in reducing illness as well as increasing wellness. Importance of Fruits and Vegetables Most of the government health agencies and departments such as World Health Organization (WHO) have been fighting with the growing problem of obesity and unhealthy eating. They have been advocating for a modification in the health program to include more fruits and vegetable. Research has proved that, diets with a bigger portion of fruits and vegetables can lower or even prevent some illnesses such as cancer and heart diseases. Diets rich in vegetables and fruits contain less cholesterol as compared to those rich in carbohydrates or proteins. Obese and overweight people are advised to increase their daily intake of fruits and vegetables as this will help them to maintain an incredible figure. Fruits and vegetables contain an implausible number of minerals and vitamins that are essential for our bodies (Johnson, et al 2003). Most of them contain a large portion of water essential for the skin for example watermelons which contains approximately 94 percent water. Seeds contain fiber which assists the body in getting rid of waste substances and bowel movements. Fruits and vegetables come in different colors and contain different nutrients. It is advisable to take different varieties in order to obtain a wide range of benefits. Dark green vegetables such as spinach and cabbage are rich in carotenoids, vitamin E, and C that help in preventing heart diseases and cancer. How Intake of Fruits and Vegetable Affects Our Body According to WHO, low intake of fruits and vegetables is likely to cause more heart diseases and stroke problems. A recent research done by WHO in collaboration with FAO, found out that, if the consumption of fruits and vegetables was increased to 400g, most of the chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease as well as obesity would be prevented. The two or
Introduction The modern day management decision making is surrounded by numerous factors the managers ought to put into consideration before coming up with a feasible solution to a problem. The dynamics of business have radically changed over the recent past and as such, making the area of business management a very critical part in the running of the organization. The financial and non-financial factors that affect the running of the business are important indicators of the way in which decisions ought to be made. It is as a result of this that the issue of managerial accounting arises. While financial accounting deals with external reporting of the affairs of the organization to the external stakeholders such as the shareholders, the government and soon, the managerial accounting, also referred to as cost accounting provides communication to the internal management of the organization (Ahmed 165). One important area of concern in managerial accounting is the cost-volume profit analysis. This paper provides an analysis of the business application of cost-volume profit analysis. Cost Volume profit analysis This is defined as the analysis of the revenues generated by a specific business activity at a specific activity level. It can be seen to be the study of the effects of increased activity of sales on expenses and profit. In order to properly understand the concept of cost volume profit analysis, it is important to define a few related terms that are useful in the analysis. These terms are the cost behavior, the contribution margin and the break-even analysis. The cost behavior is defined as the manner in which costs change due to change in related parameters such as the activity level of production etc. The management ought to clearly understand the nature of the organizat
The film “The Last Emperor” is a 160 minutes movie produced in 1987 by Jeremy Thomas and directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. From the film, Pu Yi was a young boy of three years when he first ascended the Dragon Throne as the ruler of Chinese empire, and seven years of age when he gave up power as the emperor. He had hardly attained the age of reasoning as considered by the Westerners, when occurrences ahead of his power had influenced his life without end. Bernardo Bertolucci’s movie “The Last Emperor” narrates the story of Pu Yi, in an imposing or impressive manner that uses the characteristic state of a young man as a mirror that reveals China’s transition from feudal system through revolution to its present identity predicament. This is a weird and wonderful heroic narrative because it is about an exclusively submissive personality. We are familiar with long narrative about men distinguished by outstanding bravery and dignity who acts on their social order (like Gandhi), but Pu Yi was delivered into a world that permitted him no willingness to embark on daring new ventures. The paradoxical tale was that he was emperor over not any thing, for there was no authority to go with his rule, and during the film he is regarded as the instrument of an end and victim, influenced, used to greatest advantage for the purposes of others, appreciated for what he wasn’t rather than for what he was. The film exposes his impotence almost immediately; series of his early days in the Forbidden City are intercut with narratives from when he was presented a bike and eagerly wheel it about in the Forbidden City (showing that he is emperor who could not leave his house or attend to other activities like other boys in the country do), and later in his life, when the Chinese socialist who advocates communism had overthrown, and he was detained and restrained in a reeducation site, where a party representative spent time talking him through a private transformation from emperor to nurseryman -which was Pu Yi’s last, and possibly happiest, job. Bertolucci production made Pu Yi’s incarceration appear all the more paradoxical because the whole movie was filmed on site inside China, and he was also afforded the chance to shot within the Forbidden City- a vast middle aged building on 250 acres with 9,999 rooms. It is perhaps unjustifiable to value a movie for its production, but for “The Last Emperor”, the story cannot be alienated from the overwhelming charisma of the Forbidden City, and from Bertolucci’s amazing use of scenes, genuine outfits, and many extras to form the daily certainty of Pu YI. There is a vista at the beginning of the movie when Pu Yi, sat on the Dragon Throne, attended by his subjects, and he jumped anxiously from his position and ran in the direction of the door of the room, where initially a huge billowing curtain blocked the vision. Then the drape is moved sideways, to reveal an unbelievable scene of several emperor’s followers, all of them customarily dressed castrates, aligned in statistical accuracy to the extent that can be perceive, and all of them flattering to the Pu Yi. Following his
Four peer-reviewed articles were chosen to research the topic. The first article is “Associations of polypharmacy and inappropriate medications with adverse outcomes in older adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis” (Mohamed et al., 2020). The second article is called “A systematic overview of systematic reviews evaluating interventions addressing polypharmacy” by Anderson et al. (2019). The third study is “Potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to explicit and implicit criteria in patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. MULTIPAP: A cross-sectional study” (Lopez-Rodriguez et al., 2020). The final article is called “A nurse practitioner led protocol to address polypharmacy in long-term care” by Bergman-Evans (2020). All these articles were chosen for the investigation because they are related to the primary clinical issues of interest, namely polypharmacy, and cover different aspects of its application. Polypharmacy can be a controversial method to use in patients’ treatment and have specific ethics of research since different drug regimens are complex for patient treatment, and the usage of multiple medicines might bring adverse effects (Gurwitz et al., 2018). The first study is aimed to systematically review the associations of polypharmacy (PP) and/or potentially inappropriate medications with different results and get estimations of postoperative outcomes related to PP in older adults with cancer (Mohamed et al., 2020). The second article’s main objective is to systematically assess and summarize data across multiple systematic reviews (SRs) investigating the treatment process with polypharmacy application (Anderson et al., 2019). The purpose of the third research is to evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) in people aged 65 to 74 years with multimorbidity and polypharmacy, according to different criteria (Lopez-Rodriguez et al., 2020). The fourth article aims to identify whether nurse practitioners’ utilization of medication management protocol would reduce polypharmacy and administration times for long-term care patients (Bergman-Evans, 2020). Mohamed et al. (2020) used a quantitative research method to assess studies gathered in different databases related to polypharmacy. After collecting research articles, analysts used meta-analysis to examine outcomes associated with PP and/or PIM. The second study combined the systematic reviews of articles that used quantitative and qualitative research methods to provide a meta-analytic investigation of different papers (Anderson et al., 2019). Lopez-Rodriguez et al. (2020) utilized an observational, descriptive, multicentric, cross-sectional study to create five multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate PIP
Sales Gap’s sales grew significantly between 2000 and 2004, signifying a period of economic success. Notably, this tendency contradicts the display in the text, which claims that sales slowed in 2000 and hardly grew in 2001. The claim that sales growth slowed but did not stop can explain 2000, but the rise in 2001 directly contradicts the claim that sales grew only 1%. In the next two years, the sales began increasing due to the appearance of the new director, Paul S. Pressler. However, they peaked in 2004 and started slowly declining until 2007, when a sharp drop occurred. This change can be attributed to the leadership of Glenn Murphy, who assumed the CEO’s position at the time. However, the new executive was eventually able to recover the company’s sales and return them to the level close to that at his arrival by 2012. Operating Profit Gap began the period of 2000-2012 with a steep drop in its operating profits, caused by its misjudgment of fashion trends in 2000. The company was able to recover in 2001, and the new CEO, Paul S. Pressler, continued the trend of improving operating profits in 2002 and 2003. However, similarly to sales, operating profits peaked then and began declining to a level similar to those before the manager’s appearance. He was able to start recovery but was replaced by Glenn Murphy in 2007. Murphy concentrated on increasing operating profits, continuing the growth steadily until 2011. At that time, the staff replacements and other issues, such as the emergence of large competitors who were able to outsell Gap led to a drop in the KPI, but the value recovered to its 2010 level in 2012. Gross Margin Gap’s gross margin dropped significantly in 2001, most likely due to the aforementioned failure of the company to follow the trends that made sales and discounts necessary to liquidate the goods. It began recovering in 2002 when Pressler took the lead. However, like the other statistics, the KPI peaked in 2004 and began declining afterward. The fall continued until 2007 when Murphy assumed leadership and began working on recovering profits. The efforts were successful until 2009 when both Inditex and H&M overtook Gap as the largest specialty apparel retailer. The effect manifested in full force in 2011, with a steep drop to the gross margin. However, Gap’s management was able to stabilize the situation somewhat, and the decline was less severe in 2012, though still present. Average Store Size Gap expanded its stores considerably in 2001, likely expecting its rapid expansion to continue, but the misjudgment came as a surprise. As such, its growth slowed, but continued nevertheless, as Pressler’s policy was to close underperforming stores and open new ones, though slower than before. The increases continued throughout Pressler’s entire tenure in the company except for a small drop in 2006, where the company’s performance began declining, and the CEO was fired. Fisher was able to continue the trend, but Murphy started to s
Thales’ approach to knowledge was entirely based on sensory perception and observational experience. The reason this approach is regarded as philosophical is that there are no empirical means of knowing whether what they say is true because it is only experienced through these individual observations (O’grady, 2017). Most of the phenomena “were attributed to deities or higher forces” in antiquity. Thales went against the mainstream and employed an entirely new style of thinking without arguing that something was caused or because of God. Thales strove to organize all this knowledge into a system in an abstract, theoretical form. As a merchant, he traveled a lot, and visited Egypt, Phenicia, and Babylonia, borrowing something unknown to him and expanding his scientific knowledge in various fields of human activity. Considering the world as a continuously changing whole, as a process, Thales believes that it is due to different states of the same beginning, its “condensation” and “rarefaction” relative to some intermediate state (O’grady, 2017). Thales and his followers were called physicists or physiologists by ancient authors. Thales is recognized for attempting to explain things in terms of component breakdown. This was his kind of philosophy, unlike religion and myths: the reduction of many complex phenomena to a single, simple basis, which is the predominant philosophical theme. He did not take things for granted (or as given by God), he looked for simple answers in what lay next to him. Thales and his followers intuitively understood the world as material. Together with spontaneous materialism, dialectics is also manifested in the thinking of these philosophers, with the help of the conceptual means by which they strive to comprehend the world in the dynamics of its development and changes (O’grady, 2017). Thales’ spontaneous materialism was the overcoming of the old religious and mythological ideas about the world. To the main question about the root cause of the world, they gave, in contrast to all mythological concepts, a materialistic answer. Reference O’grady, P. F. (2017). Thales of Miletus: The beginnings of western science and philosophy . Routledge.
Antisocial personality disorder is defined as a pervasive pattern of disrespect for and infringement of the rights of others that starts at infancy or early puberty and goes on to maturity. The condition is characterized by trickery and exploitation. For the concept to be applied to an individual, he or she must be above the age of 18, and must have shown some signs of delinquency at childhood. The disorder is only detected when the actions turn out to be unrelenting and very disabling or upsetting. Some features are associated with the condition, including inability of an individual to conform to societal standards as regards to legitimate actions. This would mean that an individual continuously repeats actions that warrant arrest (Segrin, 2001). Furthermore, an individual engages in trickery, characterized by repeated lying, application of aliases and defrauding others in order to benefit illegally. An antisocial person lacks tenacity meaning that he or she is impulsive and fails to plan for future events. Again, the disorder is characterized by irritability and disrespect for the wellness of others. Such individuals have a problem when it comes to playing societal roles and obligations. Researchers indicate that individuals with this disorder tend to die before they realize their goals in life. Things such as suicide due to anormie, accidents and homicide mostly cause their deaths. The condition is closely associated with problems such as persistent unemployment, ineffective education, unsuccessful marriages, negligent parenthood, homelessness and recurrent imprisonment. This essay aims at comparing the differences between the consequences of the condition to an individual and to a relationship. It is established that the condition affects relationships as well as personalities in society. Though antisocial behavior is not a crime, it is closely associated with criminal behaviors such as drug addiction, domestic violence, rape, murder, aggravated assault and larceny. This affects both an individual and relationships in various ways. It affects an individual in that it deprives him or her of his belongings or life. When an individual is forced to engage in sex, that is, forcible rape, it causes psychological trauma. A victim of antisocial behavior is frequently disturbed in society even though the offender might be punished. It leaves a permanent scar to an individual’s life meaning that an individual is forced to live with it for life. On the other hand, relationships are affected differently. Family Members of the victims and offenders are affected equally. The victim’s family members are affected since one of their own is affected. It may destabilize relations in case the offence was related to rape. Partners are always unwilling to engage in relationships with victims of rape due to disease prevalence. In this case,