ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Since antiquity mankind has been faced with the challenge of dealing with several psychological disorders as well as diseases. Most of the diseases and disorders interfere directly with the normal functioning of the body system. The effects of these diseases are usually manifested through one’s day to day behaviour or mental symptoms. Psychiatric disorders refers to any behavioural or psychological symptoms that renders an individual very much distressed, causes paralyses which result in high exposure to pain, disability, or may sometimes cause death (Williams, Owen, & O’Donovan, 2009). Schizophrenia has been categorized by the World Health Organisation as the 7 th greatest cause of disability in the world (Savina & Orlova, 2003). Many common disorders of adult life have been found to follow complex patterns of inheritance. In order for a condition to be considered a psychiatric disorder, the mentioned manifestations must be experienced for over a fortnight. Schizophrenia, for instance, is one of the many heritable disorders with a rather complex genetic architecture interacting with the factors in the surrounding (Winterer, Egan, Raedler, Sanchez, Jones, Coppola, & Weinberger, 2003). The research paper explores schizophrenia by providing a general overview, a comprehensive discussion of clinical synopsis, genetics and environmental factors in relation to schizophrenia, limitations of the methods of analyses, and a clear demonstration of analytical and conceptual approach. It explains three genetic and two environmental factors associated with schizophrenia as well as available options for managing the disorder. General Overview Schizophrenia is one of the most common psychological disorders especially in the developed countries like the United States with an estimated prevalence rate of 1% (Williams et al., 2009). Epidemiologically, it is a chronic and causes severe mental illness, harsh, and a brain-paralyzing disorder (Frangou, 2008). Schizophrenia is usually characterized by illusions or the improper perception of what is otherwise real. The individual suffering from schizophrenia has been found to constantly experience auditory delusions, thinking and talking in a haphazard way, and other different forms of hallucinations. Schizophrenia usually confers important morbidity and disability (about 1.0% and 0.3%-1.7% worldwide respectively) and is identified by the emergence of psychotic symptoms (Frangou, 2008). Moreover, the patient exhibits cognitive discrepancies, antisocial tendencies, and flat affect. The manifestations of initial stages of schizophrenia commonly start at early adulthood especially for men (Savina & Orlova, 2003). Most significant to note is that this mental illness can only be diagnosed using the personal experiences and overt behavior of the patient. This is due to the fact that its laboratory test is yet to be discovered. Schizophrenia: Important Factors Genetic Factors Current research findings reveal that there is a strong evidence for a significant genetic link to schizophrenia (Frangou, 2008). Many researchers have come
Introduction The renaissance was a period in history where Europe underwent a rebirth in its perception of art. It marked the transformation of the continent from the middle ages to the modern era. The renaissance was the starting point for the development of concepts such as individualism, secularism as well as capitalism. In art, most works were associated with geometric representations of the natural world. However, some scholars are quick to warn others about the dangers of bracketing all artists in the renaissance into one similar group because some individuals do not fit neatly into these patterns. While other Italian artists may fall outside conventional understandings of art in the renaissance, Leonardo de Vinci does not; his work exemplifies this radical transformation in the representation of images and forms on various media. Distinct features of the renaissance Renaissance art was known for its focus on personalities, attitudes or emotions rather than just the outlines or forms of the images being represented. Artists were able to capture emotion even in sculptures, especially the unsupported nude (Maginnis 14). Most of their forms had great emotional intensity and thus appeared more natural. This was also a time when paintings or drawings became more realistic than they had ever been before (Saari & Saari 44). Most of the artists who achieved this goal utilised the concept of perspective in their work. They made their two-dimensional representations seem very similar to three-dimensional figures. The ability to manipulate light and darkness in renaissance work also made artistic quite authentic (Jurdjevic 250). These artists knew how to work with tone and they would play with contrast in a manner that achieved their desired goal. As stated earlier, the renaissance was a time in history when Europe started experiencing elements of secularism (Hay 130). In the period before the renaissance, most artists were intent on promoting religious devotion through their work. However, in the renaissance era, artists started doing some mythological representations and focused on subjects outside of religion. It should be noted that the extent to which this occurred was rather small. However, secular paintings were still a reality (Hart & Wilkins 23). Lastly, the renaissance was also associated with the accurate representation of images and forms in space. This was manifested through effective use of motion. Images in this era, therefore, focused on correctness and logic rather than unscientific work (Macdonald 9). Leonardo’s techniques and contribution to the renaissance Leonardo is best known for his superior use of light and shade in his artistic work. This was a concept that made his paintings more realistic and came to be a distinct feature of the renaissance period. As such, Da Vinci was a true renaissance artist. A typical case of how he used light and shade wistfully
Introduction The book Managing in the Next Society discusses and identifies the main trends and technological changes affected a modern organization. Peter F. Drucker examines new organizational identity and culture, information demands and knowledge creation. A special attention is given to a service-oriented economy including such industries as technology, management and healthcare. Also, Drucker discusses e-commerce and virtual business environment, its uniqueness and challenges. The book consists of four parts and fifteen chapters. Main text The first part of the book, the Information Society, is devoted to recent changes and technological innovations took place at the end of the 20th century. The first chapter depicts information revolution and its impact on the business world. Drucker states that the information revolution now means that we can look at any part of business — whether an investment decision, an office building or an individual product — and examine all the individual bits of information that make it up: we can attribute costs to a single activity or good; we can watch the shopping behavior of individual customers in stores; we can evaluate the return from a complex range of marketing activities. What we thought were markets turn out to be complex, interdependent systems; what we thought was an organization turns out to be an interactive group of individuals. There is a whole new — ‘virtual’ — universe out there, every bit of information a new star waiting to be examined, understood and made use of. It is a universe that will challenge fundamentally (and already is challenging) many of existing ideas about doing business. It is a universe that offers immense possibilities and massive dangers. The companies that do not explore and exploit it will fail. The second and third chapters, “the Exploring world of the Internet” and “From Computer Literacy to Information Literacy” depict changes in understanding and perception of technology and information. The fourth chapter, “E-Commerce and Central Challenge”, depicts the role and importance of e-commerce and virtual business environment for modern business relations. In this new environment, small companies may have advantages that larger ones lack. First, because their contact with customers will mostly be channeled through the telephone, or increasingly e-mail, they will be able to record and keep track of their customer’s preferences and needs much more effectively than a company that communicates through mass media. Second, they will be able to offer added value services, for example by personalizing products that they sell based on the information gathered and manipulated through these new media. While the number of alliances between companies — both formal and informal — grows, while information and knowledge shared — at least within the same ‘ecosystem’ — in
An earthquake is a natural disaster that, despite the ability to be predicted by scientists, results in unpredicted scopes of severity for the population every time the rupture happens. In terms of primary prevention of such a disaster, it is necessary to establish a public body or organization responsible for the creation of an extensive network of food, water, and first-aid kits to last people through the first days while waiting for backup. This prevention may be secured by the community health nurses, as they directly communicate with public organizations on the matter of support (Abdi et al., 2020). This prevention stage is held during the so-called interseismic phase of the elastic building prior to the earthquake, as this stage may exist a long time before the actual rupture. Secondary prevention, being the most emergent challenge for medical workers, comprises a variety of interventions. When it comes to nurses’ competence during this stage, they are obliged to secure management of the injured patients and patients with prior medical conditions that put them at higher risk of suffering the consequences (Rezaei et al., 2020). Secondary prevention takes place almost immediately after the rupture, during the phase of earthquake aftermath. Finally, the most important intervention during tertiary prevention is the follow-up on the survivors’ physical and mental rehabilitation. With an already stable pattern of health care providers in the area, local nurses could organize a system of regular check-ups for the patients who require special attention after the disaster (Abdi et al., 2020). This stage also takes place in the aftermath phase of an earthquake. Both interseismic and aftermath phases of the disaster were chosen for the interventions due to the fact that earthquake rupture that takes place between the phases does not allow for explicit medical intervention. Preventive measures and rapid disaster response, in their turn, fall into the nurses’ responsibilities. In terms of facilitating various organizations, it is necessary for the community health nurses to cooperate with the local government. For example, the US Department of the Interior (DOI) secures the functioning of the Natural Disaster Response and Recovery Program, which aims at developing strategies and planning relief missions in case of an emergency (USDOI, n.d.). When cooperating with them, community health nurses are capable of developing a health care blueprint for natural disaste
Those responsible for the well-being and survival of human beings should exercise greater responsibility. It is no doubt that life is sacred and should therefore be protected. It is for this reason that the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has come up with the best practice for medical records and nursing’s responsibility. In doing so, there is a need to have a clear understanding of who qualifies to be considered a vulnerable patient. This will help medical practitioners not to be sued for negligence. This paper will explain the purposes of the medical record and nursing’s responsibility and define a vulnerable patient as well as analyze a case of medical negligence. After close observation and research, it was established that the majority of medical errors are associated with a lack of adequate or proper communication. Lack of communication was established to be the major reason for infection, re-infection and even death to patients. This has resulted in scenarios where the affected individuals brought lawsuits against individuals in the medical fraternity. It is no doubt that some cases were found to have no legal grounds while those found to be serious led to serious consequences on the side of nurses and doctors. Since effective communication generally increases the quality of service, supports teamwork and more importantly help individuals and authorities in preventing errors, it is important for healthcare providers to adopt it. It is thus the responsibility of the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations to ensure that healthcare facilities adopt best practices in keeping records in order to enhance effective communication which in the long run brings the aforementioned advantages. In order to ensure that those involved in healthcare provision do effective documentation, there are a number of concepts that should be adhered to. These concepts are; recording factual information, recording accurate information that is complete, current, organized and in compliant with the set standards. The issue of vulnerable patients is an important concept that healthcare providers should focus on. There are a number of groups considered as vulnerable patients. They include young children, older population, mentally ill, individuals in lower economic level, individuals having communication problems. Young children in most cases suffer from extreme anxiety, older people need extra care since they are physically and mentally impaired, individuals in lower economic bracket in some cases cannot afford the best medical care while those from different languages may miss to communicate effectively. In the case of Ms. Fosby it is evident that she has a valid case against the defendant hospital. It is evident that nurses and other medical practitioners are obliged to provide their patients with accurate and truthful information. After evaluating the report of the pin , the hospital failed to provide Ms. Fosby with the relevant information. This goes against her notion that medical practitioners should practice without deception. Failure t
Time management is of the essence when it comes to completing everyday tasks and assignments. It has an effect on various things, such as work, home and even health. In order to work on time management one must improve on procrastination. Procrastination is pivotal in coping with anxiety and other stress that is an inevitable part of our day to day lives. Time management is the most important aspect in our lives and the sooner we realize this, the better. The most successful people carry this off with ease but the people who fail to follow this never become successful. This paper will throw light upon important aspects of time management and how it can make any person who follows it extensively a very successful person. Managers and other people who hold important positions know how crucial time management is? People who while away time can never realize the importance of time. Time management should be imbibed in the youth at a very early stage so that they don’t while away the time as they grow up. If we become successful in doing so, the world would surely become more progressive than ever before. Time and tide wait for none and this is a very old saying but at the very same time it is extremely important to realize and absorb the essence of the same. An aircraft can crash if the pilot delays an important action even by a micro second, the damage this causes is usually beyond repair and the same largely outlines the importance of time. This has to be taken into consideration and a plan of action must be adopted by everyone. Making productive use of time can have instant results; a person working at a lower position in an office can make tremendous progress if that employee makes good use of the time available. The example of a plane and the pilot is a very classic example that proves the worth of time. The top level managers find 24 hours very less because they work their hearts out and they get so involved in their job that they forget about all the other less important things. There is a lot to learn from all those people who make the most of the 24 hours in the day. People have lost their ability to learn from other people and the will power of the people is also constantly decreasing, all these factors make it really difficult to ensure that people learn from other successful people. To conclude it is very fair to say that the people should not at any cost while away their time because lost time will never be back. Successful people should make it a point to take some time off from their busy schedule and tell the other not so successful people about the importance of time and this is how the society can progress as a unit. The problem here is the selfish attitude of the people, the successful people who make the most of the 24 hours in a day want to be more successful and they don’t want to devote any time for the less su
Guy Kawasaki has authored over ten business books and he is also a co-founder of an online collection of resources covering popular topics called Alltop.com. He has formulated ten pieces of advice for entrepreneurs which can be summarized in the following paragraphs. Firstly entrepreneurs must be focused on their goal. The ultimate goal of entrepreneurship is making money, hence, quality product and services are key to making money. In order to stay focused which is key to achieving the goals, entrepreneurs should have something to remind them of their mission every time. This comes in form of mission statements or mantra’s. Guy Kawasaki’s advice to entrepreneur is to formulate a short mantra that sufficiently describes the entrepreneur’s cores values in very few words. For an entrepreneur to make it in a big way, he will have to break away from his former behaviors and thinking patterns and come up with a fresh way of thinking that motivates towards achieving what seems impossible. He has to formulate acceptable ways of doing away with internal and external competition to his products and services and also be ready to polarize people because in process of achieving his goal he will not impress everyone. The entrepreneur must move forward with his mission regardless of the prevailing conditions to achieve this he will have to avoid worrying and also have mentors and soul mates to encourage him all through. It is very important for the entrepreneur to be creative in designing products and services that are unique and of high value because this combination will yield highest returns compared to any other combination. Aggressive marketing is the vital for the expansion of customer base hence the entrepreneur should market his products aggressively and be prepared for surprise’s because the market trends will not always match the entrepreneur’s predictions. In marketing his products the entrepreneur should focus more on early adopters and avoid pride at all costs. Kawasaki recommends that when entrepreneurs are making presentations to customers and investors, to prepare no more than ten presentation slides, use big font and not take more than half an hour doing the actual presentation in order to dedicate more time to questions. In hiring, the entrepreneurs are advised to hire people who are better than themselves and give priority to people who are passionate about the product because shared passion is more vital than academic qualifications. Purchasing and using the product should be made very easy and barriers should be minimized if any and cynical people should not be allowed to bring entrepreneur’s ideas down. Works Cited The art of start . Guy, Kawasaki. Edinb
Abstract The historical perception of the distinction between Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance and others is traceable back to the great historical artists like Donatello and Michelangelo. They are arguably big sculptors of the Italian Renaissance, who were both original and catalysts for revolution. Their works have realism through implementation of versatility, emotional and psychological effects. These aspects are evident among current sculptors. Thesis/Problem Statement “Significance of Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance” This is a research investigating and analyzing the different arguments on philosophical nature of Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance, from various art histories to the current state of affairs, with the aim of providing a personal point of view regarding the subject matter. Purpose/Significance of the Study The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the consequences and key concepts involved in the development of Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance and offer personal suggestions or opinions over the issue of relationship between various historical stages. Objectives of the Study This research paper lays down the need for finding the background of the understanding of various Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance over the relationship as presented by diverse great artists. The study is equally an assessment of differences of sculpture work at different times. Significance of the Study The key topics to be covered entail the focus over Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance. This is in the aim of finding the reasonable conclusion on this type of work. The Procedure of the Study/Research Methodology The paper highly utilizes the literature reviews to enable better understanding of the topic. Preparation of the research over the chosen topic will enhance and quantify the research as a study topic and prepare for respondents. Information collected will equally tabulate and assist in ranking the findings from various eras, and help to narrow the scope to the objectives of the research. The analysis of findings will then draw conclusions from generally analyzed data in the literature review. Literature Review Historical Overview The Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance is arguably one of the most reflective and productive period regarding the history of art. Some of the outstanding fields of Italian art include architecture, sculpture and painting. The early nineteenth century marked the revolution of art history. Good example of the sculptural work was by Donatello (Meyer& Konody, 2010). The Italian renaissance saw a great combination between science and art. Today we celebrate heroic artists like Michelangelo and Titian who had genius personality that currently emphasize the need for enhanced creativity in artwork. According to Woods (2007), “Some men were both artists and scientists, notably Leonardo da Vinci and Piero Della Francesca. It is doubtful whether they would have understood our distinction between art and science. ” Sculpture Sculptors of the Italian Renaissance have a close connection to architects. Like the cases of paintings, there is a great rebirth or revival of other forms such as sculptures and ar