ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
A 2010 nonfiction bestseller The Other Wes Moore: One name, two fates , depicts the true story of two namesakes from Baltimore. The two main characters with identical names pursue very different life paths, which are significantly influenced by their background and upbringing. In such a manner, Wes Moore contends that “public servants – the teachers, mentors, and volunteers who work with our youth – are as imperative to our national standing and survival as are our armed forces” ( Plain Talk about Literacy and Learning , 2017, p. 31). By comparing and contrasting their lives, the author addresses the issues of destiny, exploited opportunities, and life choices and thus provides a profound contemplation upon the concept of identity in American society. The other Wes Moore chronicles the life stories of two African American boys – Wes Moore, The Author, and The Other Wes Moore. The author depicts their life scenarios, which have very much in common, “I was surprised to find just how much we did have in common, aside from our names, and how much our narratives intersected before they faithfully diverged” (Moore, 2010, p. xiii). Both characters “grew up not far from each other but whose path in life differed dramatically” (Strom, 2016, p. 37). Both of them faced racism at some points in their lives. Hence, this is a coming-of-age novel, featuring how these characters with similar backgrounds ended up with very different lives, “One of us is free and has experienced things that he never even to dream about as a kid. The other will spend every day until his death behind bars…” (Moore, 2010, p. xii). As a result, Wes Moore, The Author, is a successful author and a Rhodes Scholar, whereas the Other Wes Moore is a life-sentence prisoner. The author’s father died as a very young man, and his mother worked hard to provide her son with education at a private school. However, the teenage author did not succeed at school. Instead, he kept company with street gangs and even got a warning from the police. The author’s mother realized that he had troubles at school and continued to communicate with drug dealers and thieves. He “had forgotten how to act naturally, thinking way too much in each situation and getting tangled in the contradictions between my two worlds” (Moore, 2010, p. 54). Therefore, she decided to send him to a military school. It was a difficult change in the author’s life since he had to get used to strict regulations and to live away from home. However, he gradually began to appreciate the benefits of this education and realized that: “the journey I took was never mine alone” (Moore, 2010, p. 171). In other words, he understood that military services provided him with support and reliable friends, and it eventually had a beneficial effect on his subsequent life. The protagonist continued to pursue a military career, having achieved considerable success in politics. The Other Wes Moore was also raised in Baltimore by a single mother. His father had abandoned the family, and his half-brother Tony was involved in selling drugs
Introduction Synopsis The video starts with the introduction of the guests present in the program. The host, Charlie Rose gives a comprehensive coverage of some of the great achievements of both guests, Bill George and John Whitehead. He identifies them as leading business leaders with careers in key leadership positions spanning over four decades. Bill George is currently at Harvard Business School as professor of management practice. He was the chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Medtronic, well known as the leading company dealing with medical technology. He is also the author of bestselling books on leadership. John C. Whitehead is a former US Navy officer where he was in charge of D-Day. He later joined the Goldman Sachs where he rose to the chairmanship position and later a Co-chairman. Whitehead also served in the US government’s administration as Deputy Secretary of State. He currently chairs the World Trade Center Memorial Foundation. The conversation then moves on to invite the insights about leadership from each of the guest’s perspective. Before that, the host highlights the idea that a biography is a central part of every leader. Discussion Leadership Traits and Characteristics Leadership has been a major concern over a long period of time in virtually all parts of the world. Outstanding leaders have existed since past generations and they have exhibited specific characteristics and traits. Some people have always believed that great leaders are born and do not need any training on how to lead while other schools of thought are convinced that anyone can learn how to become a leader (George & Sims, 2007). The arguments presented can be used to justify the fact that both schools of thought are applicable. It is believed that leaders have common basic characteristics and traits which can be nurtured and altered as one develops depending on the various situations and encounters in life. It is important to find and determine what qualities are found in great leaders but few have made attempts to investigate this. According to George (2007), an individual can decide to learn to become a leader by nurturing appropriate traits and characteristics of leadership. He argues that one has to develop the passion for leadership that is inborn. Authentic leadership The desire to successfully lead an organization, whether it is large or small, into achieving its mission and vision has proved to be one of the greatest challenges faced by leaders. Leadership means service and meeting all the needs of the stakeholders is not an easy task (Rose, 2007). With all these varied demands, leaders should exercise
Globally, men and women are involved in the tussle of moving from one point to another to seek for well-paying jobs. All these processes involve challenges that the migrants must face. When these genders migrate to foreign countries, men get jobs in high commercial companies, educational institutions, and hospitals. On the other hand, women are absorbed in jobs like mail-order brides, household workers, caregivers, and sex workers. Obviously, the payment rates for these two categories of jobs are incomparable. In analyzing the employment fields that the two genders work after migrating to the foreign countries, it is evident that the men gain more than women do. Unfortunately, the society has grouped jobs in terms of masculine and feminine. Interestingly, these jobs are well paying as compared to the previous jobs that the women immigrants were doing in their native countries. Despite the fact that the feminine jobs are easy to find, they do not only have low pay packages but also have unfavorable working conditions. On the working conditions, the employees are not offered off duty programs, monetary motivation during overtimes, are physically abused, and have no access to labor unions. For instance, house workers are prone to frequent abuses such as exploitation, forceful sexual advancements, unpaid wages, or salaries, and physical injuries. Conversely, the males enjoy varied services like job insurance, annual salary increments, hardship allowances, active labor unions, and job securities. From this point of view, the gains that women receive verses the loses they incur, reveal that women have more to lose from migration than their men colleagues do. In connection with the above point, traffickers do illegally take women out of their native countries with an intention of sexually abusing them. The persistent urge for sexual advancements among men makes s
Introduction: Robert Frost; the poet The late Robert Frost was born in 1874. He is a highly regarded American poet who wrote numerous poems before his death. He managed to win four Pulitzer prizes for poetry in his lifetime; a testimony to the outstanding nature of his work. Faced with personal tragedies as a result of the death of his father, mother and later sister, Robert had a fairly difficult life. He spent his life in both the United Kingdom and the United States; a factor that came with choices. Like most if not all of us, Frost had to make choices throughout his life and it is not by chance that he wrote the poem; the Road Not Taken. He died in 1963 at the ripe age of 88 years at his Florida home (Muir 41). Much of his life was spent in urban areas but his poetry shows unique understanding of rural life (Nelson 84). The Theme of the Poem A Brief Dissection of the Poem: The Road Not Taken The Road Not Taken is about an individual who comes across two roads that lead into the woods and then diverge. This is the individual we can identify as the poetic persona or the person who is doing the speaking in the poem. In literal terms, one can assume that these are actual routes. But the paths are a symbol for the twin options that we face in life and we have to choose one since we cannot have both at the same time. The paths under consideration by Frost are not the same. One has been used before and it is relatively more worn than the other. But the difference in the wear is not that big as we are told in line four and five of the second stanza; “ Though as for that the passing there, Had worn them really about the same ”. The persona or the person confronted with the choice goes ahead to pick the less used one; “I took the one less traveled by….line 4, stanza 4”. He wants to use the one that is yet to be exploited. He tells us in the 2 nd stanza, 3rd line that “it was grassy and wanted wear”. In the last stanza, it is clear that he knows what the choice means. It will have a big impact in his life; “….And that has made all the difference”, stanza 4 line 5.The sigh mentioned at the end of the poem can run both ways. It can be a sign of regret for having made the wrong choice or a sigh of relief for having achieved the better from the path taken or the choice made. This sigh has been a source of scholarly friction for some time with some suggesting that it shows regret (Larry 479). The Theme of the Poem: Choices in Life The Road Not Taken can be interpreted in a number of ways. But the most explicit theme that is effectively communicated by Frost’s symbol of the Road is that in life we are bound to make choices from time to time. The “roads” as it appears in the 1 st and last stanza can also be classified as a metaphor. The veiled or hidden meaning of these roads is life’s choices. Just like in real life, human beings are not able to make two choices at a time. If one choice is made, all the others are left out. The persona or the speaker in the poem also make it clear in the 1 st stanza that he or she does not have the ab
Executive Summary This research paper is aimed at examining the work of Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and its operations in the United Kingdom. In particular, the organization has been able to gain the loyalty of many clients who attach importance to Islamic Banking. Furthermore, the company has made effective use of media in order to attract people representing various age groups. Finally, the company has successfully adjusted to the legal and political environment of the United Kingdom. To a great extent, the strategies chosen by this bank has been quite effective. Company Profile A brief history of the company This financial organization was created during the merger of the Federal Commercial Bank and Emirates Commercial Bank ( Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, 2015). This institution was authorized to carry out operations related to investment, retailing, and commerce. The ADCB was introduced in 1968 and has grown to be the largest financial institution in the Abu Dhabi banking industry. It is a government-owned firm. The bank has 125 branches scattered across the United Arab Emirates, with more than 585 ATMs. The bank has international branches in the UK. The headquarters of the bank is at Abu Dhabi (Ambler, 2009). Overall, during the last four decades, this bank has widened the range of its services and become a well-recognized brand in various countries. Existing markets The bank actively operates in the UAE and the UK. The bank has a strong interest in funds management, commercial and retail investment financing, and brokerage activities (Ambler, 2009). Apart from that, the company operates in India and the Cayman Islands. Overall, this organization tries to open its branches in the countries populated by many people who want to work with businesses that comply with the principles included in the Quran. Companies’ product range Specifically, the bank provides mortgage and financial services within the Sheria laws. Sheria is the Islamic law governing business activities between the bank and its clients. The finance models it adopts include the Ijara. Ijara is a contractual agreement in which the bank purchases an asset from the owner for a defined amount as demanded by the client. Murabaha is another finance model practiced by the company. In this model, the bank enters into a contract with a client following a mutual agreement based on the promise made by the client to honor the pledge (Ford, 2007). In addition, the Istisna’a finance model is offered to private real estate developers. It is an agreement with the client in which the bank erects a premise in line with the particulars defined in the requirement blueprint, which automatically becomes valuable upon completion as per the set deadline (Alder, 2008). Promotional strategies Since its establishment, the bank has been at the forefront of offering discounts, after-sales services, friendly mortgage, and customized insurance packages that are tailored towards attracting and maintaining customer loyalty. Specifically, in the year 2011, the incorporation established the 2% mortgage discount to customers who pay their mortgage on time. Moreover, the bank has spent substantial amounts of
Referring to the recent lectures and examined readings, I have learnt that there is a range of factors influencing the public health, and these factors are social, psychosocial, political, and economic ones; thus, the public health is affected by the fact of living in rural or urban environments, by climatic changes, and by differences in ecosystems (Costanza 2012, p. 24). I received the opportunity to think over such a significant fact that ecosystem influences the public health directly, but a man has the more influential effect on the ecosystem itself, and this effect is often negative that is why it is important to become ‘Earth Friendly’ (Landon 2006, p. 158). Furthermore, I have changed my vision about the role of living in the rural territories for the people’s health because today I know that many people living in the country suffer from depression, poverty, and even violence (Landon 2006, p. 183). On the other hand, the life in cities is also challenging for people because they can suffer not only from the hazardous effect of the industrial pollutants but also from social isolation (Landon 2006, p. 183). At this stage, I can also think about the direct connection between the public health, environments, and policies because the effective policies can contribute to improving the public health (Costanza 2012, p. 24). This knowledge is important for individuals because reflecting on aspects of living in the rural and urban territories, people can choose the places to live to improve their health and quality of life (Lopez 2012, p. 230). Changes in ecosystems influence individuals complexly because, for instance, the extreme use of fossil fuels leads to air pollution and provokes asthma, and the use of fossil fuels leads to climatic changes which cause mental health because of the necessity to adapt to new conditions (Landon 2006, p. 157). Moreover, people with low incomes can choose to move to cities in order to avoid poverty because, for instance, poor quality of housing leads to poor hygiene and emotional stress (Landon 2006; Lopez 2012, p. 230). This information is also related to the life in communities because, according to Lopez, communities are responsible for improvement of their ecosystems and for promoting their social capital (Lopez 2012, p. 228). Connections with the other persons are important for people to improve their mental health, and this idea is correlated with the discussion of negative effects of social isolation typical for many urban territories with high-rise buildings when the social balance is absent (Lopez 2012, p. 230). Governments can also play an important role in improving the public health because, according to Baum, the liberal-democratic approach is effective to contribute not only to economic development but also to direct disease prevention and health promotion (Baum 2008, p. 73-74; Baum 2008, p. 383). Moreover, gove
Introduction To begin with, it is necessary to mention, that students who usually do poorly during their studies should have an additional chance to complete their education. In most universities all over the world, these opportunities usually mean active participation in the university’s public life. This usually involves self-government institutions, arrangement and partaking in various celebrations, active research activity, and surely sports life of the university. Arranged athletics suggests the university an opportunity to promote the physical, mental, emotional, social, and moral increase of each partaker. Throughout circumstances that arise throughout arduous practice sittings, and sporty competitions, student sportsmen must not only study how to respond to their abilities and restrictions, but how to suitably respond to the actions of others. These responses outline corporeal and intellectual expansion and change. Due to the spirited, emotional origin of athletic challenges and the player’s apparent interest in the outcome, they are more vulnerable to modification than in many instructive adjustments. To ensure that these modifications are optimistic, all stages of sports should be skillfully arranged and performed. To attain triumph in athletics, the partakers are required to train their brains and bodies to counter immediately and efficiently the different challenges that happen throughout the itinerary of play. This, surely, corresponds to studies to efficiently deal with challenges that happen later in life. The world of competence is often neither gentle nor overly kind. In this world, however beneath effectual course, the person (student) may grow toward societal adulthood by studying:  1. Endurance to get the desired outcome;  2. Sacrifice and common goal setting;  3. To deal with minor physical and mental difficulties;  4. To control emotional outbursts;  5. To deal with fear;  6. To be more self-reliant. Effectual course Some people regard participation in athletic programs as a privilege, and consider, that students who do not have enough grades should not be allowed to be involved in sports life. The fact is that these people do not take into account the fact that physical activity improves brain activity, as it is known, that combining of physical and mental activities positively impact the all-round development of the personality: to relax the brain it is recommended to engage oneself in sports or other physical activity and vice versa. Some educators consider, that students will be able to play sports forever and that they will need a good education to be able to find a job when they are finished playing sports. In this case, it is supposed, that the privilege of doing sports would encourage students to improve their academic achievements. Some students believe that university sports are more important than academics as they suppose that if they do well in athleti
A comparison and contrast of psychological tests In the fields of research and psychology, it is important that cases be measured in precision. Psychological testing therefore comes in handy, whereby valid results are arrived at after correct administration of treatments. It is after psychological testing that researchers understand the behavior and character of an individual. As such, it is a way of solving problems for the psychologists by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a person. There are different types of psychological testing some of which determine the personality of individuals while others determine their IQ. Thus, psychological testing can be divided into clinical interviews, personality assessment, assessment of Intellectual Functioning, and behavioral assessment. Other psychological tests include aptitudes and management skills tests. Each of the aforementioned psychological tests differs from the other in terms of evidence base and the type of results obtained with regard to validity and reliability. Validity is defined as the honesty of the response given by a respondent in a survey while reliability is the consistency in results obtained when tested suing different testing methods (Viswanathan, 2005). Clinical Interview vs. personality assessment The two are similar given that they present an opportunity for the professional to obtain much information with regard to family data and individual background of the persons being assessed. Both tests also create a face-to-face discussion between the researcher and respondent. However, they differ in terms of setting and the fact that the clinical interview normally lasts for about one to two hours while the personality assessment could take as much time as possible (Gregory, 2007). In addition to this, personality assessment is objective based while the clinical interview is open allowing the researcher to seek as much information as they may deem fit. Different types of decisions I-O practitioners might make using results of psychological tests Industrial/ organizational psychology entails the scientific study of the psychology that have an impact on the productivity of individuals at work. As such, I-O psychology works to improve the working conditions and environment of people. Thus, I-O practitioners normally seek to generate solutions to the problems that people face at their places of work. I-O practitioners could use tests such as biographical data, integrity tests, job knowledge tests, interviews, and physical ability tests just to mention a few (Kaplan and Saccuzzo, 2009). Once the aforementioned tests are tested on individuals, results are obtained hence dec
The model used by Fairbairn views attachment to excellent objects as the unchallengeable component of ordinary development. The child often sees the parenthood failures as unbearable and begins the dividing resistance that separates the infuriating characteristics of the object adjacent to the part of the personality of the child that merely combines to that component object. This essential defense guards the child against the facts that he is independent of unresponsive objects and conserves his attachment. The arrangements of diversity, part-self, and part-object are excessively disruptive to stay conscious, yet regardless of being reserved make themselves recognized through recurrence compulsions and devolution. The precise distinctiveness of families that bring into being children who are of obsession, impact the developing of the child’s personality structures in comparable ways. This method of developmental account creates unsurprising configurations of self and objects in the internal world, which then interpret via recurrence pressure into a behavior that is of obsession in adulthood. This paper reviews the structural model used by Fairbairn in the structural analysis of the obsessional character. The structural model used by Fairbairn starts with a blameless and legitimately deprived infant, in distinction to the Freudian devilish infant born with a combined, though immature ego, into relations who, either vi