ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The treatment of diseases affecting the nervous system has remained a monster among many healthcare policy establishments. This has been the case in the US. For long, there has not been an eligible public healthcare policy that has ultimately defined the necessity of an establishment of brain disease treatment program. The very rare of the programs that aim at offering solution to this mystery has more often than not been faced with insufficiency of funding and have resulted in outsourcing finances for their operations. It can be considered that the government has failed to recognize the importance of such an establishment until recently (“BBC: Obama Proposes Brain Mapping Project” Par. 2) According to CNN, the US president has launched a $100 million funding for the establishment of a center that will consolidate research and promote understanding and foster treatment of brain diseases. The initiative has been branded “BRAIN” which stands for Brain Research through Advancing Initiative Neurotechnologies and has an objective of finding newer means of preventing, curing or treating brain diseases and disorders. In this regard, the institute will develop new ways of managing brain diseases such as epilepsy, brain tumors, and traumatic injuries, Alzheimer’s disease among others (“PBS: Obama Reveals Brain Mapping Project” Par. 5). According to President Obama, BRAIN will give researchers a better understanding of the brain by availing of tools and research techniques which they require. According to him, understanding of how the human brain functions i.e. how we think, remember and how we learn, is a stepping stone to helping the researchers in coming up with the very modest management procedures of these diseases (“BBC: Obama Proposes Brain Mapping Project” Par. 5). The president remains optimistic that as he presents this budget to parliament it will be supported as it is essential. However, with the current budgetary constraints, it remains highly questionable of how much support the proposed project will get. The president is looking forward to fulfilling the promises he made of promoting research in health care facilities through uncompromised funding. The projects main aim is to unlock the mystery of how the brain cell functions. The research will, therefore, incorporate both private and federal research institutions. This will be done through the collaboration with the National Institute of Health, National Science Foundation and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (“PBS: Obama Reveals Brain Mapping Project” Par. 8). The director of the Defense Advanced Research Project Policy, Arati Prabhakar argues that the Understanding of how the brain understands will remain the main objective of this project. His Counterpart, the director of the National Institute of Health, Francis Collins agrees that technological advancement may give a chance to researchers to be able to see the processes that take place in the brain. The members of the institutes str
Introduction Classification refers to the method or process of grouping things according to observed similarities or shared features (Sherri, 2009, p. 83). According to the book of Genesis in the bible, the Lord used dust from the land to create the first human beings (Adam and Eve), after creating all animal on land, sea and in the air. The He made Adam to be in control of them all. Concept of classification Adam demonstrated the concept of classification by categorizing all the animals according to similar characteristics they exhibited. For instance, he grouped all mammals, reptiles and others together, after which he proceeded to categorize all the birds in the air (Nelsonword, 1993, p. 1). Adam also clearly portrayed the concept of classification by sorting out wild animals and giving them their names.However, the book of genesis chapter two verses twenty shows that, although Adam saw all the living things he could not find a suitable companion for himself. The issue of not finding a suitable companion also demonstrates the concept of classification. This is because the act showed Adam did not find a similar characteristic or trait among the created animals that matched his behavior or interests. As a result, God thought it could be best to make Adam a companion. He made him to sleep and took a rib from him and replaced the place with flesh. This miracle led to the creation of Eve, which made Adam to be contented, because he had found a partner who shared similar qualities with him (Nelsonword, 1993, p. 2). Concept of Measurement Measurement refers to the process of perceiving and recording observations collected as part of the enquiries effort. It involves different levels and concepts like interval, nominal, ratio and ordinal. When God was on the subject of wiping out the Earth and all the living things using floodwaters, He commanded Noah to build an ark and called it the Ark of Covenant. Noah used the concepts of measurement as commanded by God. The ark was to be made of cypress wood and the rooms in it were to be partitioned. In addition, the ark was to be seventy five feet wide, four hundred, forty five feet high and fifty feet long. The roof of the ark was to be completed about eighteen inches on the top and the doors on the side and upper middle and lower decks were to be made too. After the Ark of Covenant was completed, Noah was asked by God to bring all living creatures into the ark. They were to remain alive with him and his family. To do this, he was to take two of all living creatures, evaluate them, and make sure they are in pairs of male and female before taking them into the ark. For their sustenance, he had to make sure that there was enough food in the ark, as this is what the creatures and Noah’s family were to eat during the time of the destruction. Therefore, Noah was involved in a lot of collection, observation, evaluation and all aspects and concepts of measurement in completing the task given by God. Concept of Program Evalua
Abstract Since its discovery more than 40 years ago, thermal-hydraulic technology has been used widely to enhance the performance, design, and safety of nuclear power plants. Over the years, money and time have been invested in this field to come up with improved technologies to efficiently and fully develop thermal hydraulic systems. In this paper, the author provided a critical review of promising nanotechnology innovations that can be used to exploit the potential of these applications. Introduction Nanotechnology is an emerging field in modern science. It can be defined as the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular levels. The concept was first introduced by physicist Richard Feynman in 1959. However, widespread application of the technology started in the early 1970s. The term ‘nanotechnology’ was first used by Norio Taniguchi. It was coined in 1974. A critical analysis of this field reveals the endless possibilities associated with the application of nanotechnology. Such applications include those in thermal-hydraulic systems used in nuclear reactors (Rocha et al. 26). Modern thermal-hydraulic systems rely on a wide range of materials to cool the reactors. The materials used depend on the intensity of the operations undertaken. In this paper, the author provides a critical literature review of the probable applications of nanotechnology in thermal-hydraulic systems. The review is based on an article published by Bang and Jeong (2
Communication Plan for the Riordan Manufacturing Go Green Campaign The success of the Riordan Manufacturing Go Green Project’s implementation significantly depends on the effectively developed communication plan, on the use of the appropriate software, and on the statement of the reporting priorities in relation to stakeholders. Thus, this report presents the information on the appropriate software, the Power/Interest Grid, the communication plan, and the executive summary related to the project’s implementation. The Software Recommendation Such Microsoft software products as Microsoft Enterprise and Microsoft SharePoint are effective to coordinate the companies’ data and realize the resource management. However, to respond to the needs of the Riordan Manufacturing, it is more appropriate to use Microsoft SharePoint because this software is designed to address the managers’ multiple tasks. Thus, Microsoft SharePoint is effective to realize the project and resource management, and it can be used to coordinate communication and cooperation between the project participants. All the employees’ activities associated with the Riordan Manufacturing projects can be regulated and controlled with the help of Microsoft SharePoint which can be used to develop schedules; to coordinate data, to encourage communication and sharing data with the help of intranet portals and specialized networks; to realize the enterprise search; and to integrate the other Microsoft management tools. As a result, Microsoft SharePoint creates the centralized and regulated web-based project environment appropriate for the Riordan Manufacturing project management (DeCarlo, 20
Obesity is a health condition in which surfeit body fat mount up to the degree that it may have an unpleasant effect on health, leading to reduced life anticipation and increased weight. Child obesity has been gradually increasing as years go by, and it has raised anxiety over the whole world. Baranowski, T., & Cullen, K., & Nicklas, T., & Thompson, D., & Baranowski, J. (2003). Are our Current Health Behavioral Change Models Helpful in Guiding Prevention of Weight Gain Efforts? Obesity Research, Vol. 11 (10). Pp. 23-43. This article talks about the effective procedures that need to be followed to put off the increase of obesity. In particular, I am going to focus on the Social Cognitive Theory, one of the models used in the plan of nourishment education involvement. According to this article, investigation has made known that male eat good diets than women. Overweight persons had poorer levels of unassuming physical practice and poorer levels of energetic body workouts than those who were not obese. Obesity individuals had inferior belief in their competence, but there was no variation in result expectancy between overweight and non-obese persons. Goals have been set to watch on diets and bodily activities. Goal setting was recognized as one of the minority involvement measures constantly linked with adjustments consequential in the eating of more groceries and little fat among grown-ups. Up to date results from research with children showed that development of dietetic transformation by target setting was a complicated function of whether children chose the foodstuff, and how much they consumed it altogether. Setting targets improved the consumption of fruits in the midst of individuals’ detested fruit and those who liked eating them. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) presents a variety of perceptions for extension activities and measures for supporting transformation. Several of these concepts have been so helpful in changing the nourishing and corporeal workouts habits of individuals. Events that without fail and to a large extent adjust those interceding variables among those at high risk of obesity must be developed and tested. Field trials of the inconsistent that endorse change in the public should be developed and put into practice and then appraised on how they alter the conduc
Executive Summery This report entails the information obtained after doing a research on competitive advantage in respect to Top Five Marketing Company. The purpose of the study is to investigate strategy and competitive advantage of private marketing companies both in theory and practice. The outstanding problem obtained from this study is that despite the awareness created by various scholars, investors still lack the basic knowledge on how to improve their earnings by using strategic and competitive advantages. This is the sole reason why this study was conducted. Data was collected using questionnaires for employees, the managers and customers. The study sampled five hundred and seventy two employees and ten top level managers and fifty customers using purposive sampling techniques. Data collected was analyzed using both inferential and descriptive statistics. The techniques used in the data analysis were chi-square and Carl Pearson’s product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Major findings from the questionnaires clearly indicated that various staffing techniques were affecting good customer relation that had existed as a competitive advantage of this company for a long time. Based on these findings, the company can do better than fellow competitors only when it implements three strategies; lowering its prices, improving its customer care and producing additional benefits (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2011). Literature Review Competitive advantage is the gain over fellow competitors by offering better quality products or services (Boxwell, 2002).Competencies are “clusters of related knowledge or attitude that have an effect on a major part of one’s job or even responsibility” (Jackson, Hitt and DeNisi, 2003).In Top Five Marketing Company, competitive advantage is about increasing profits and having long term policies on improvement. This study looks at what defines competitive advantage so that comprehensive strategies can be found to look into when building a competitive advantage. Since the products and markets are well differentiated in the Big Five Company, it is therefore easy to define this term. Customers are always present for a reason. Therefore, successfully growing businesses like Top Five should maximize on a strong competitive edge to create loyal customers. Top Five Company relies on other companies for revenue by marketing its products and services whilst getting payments from them. Strategies that do not focus on volume and cost are deployed to expand the business. Since there are no productions involved, focus remains on staffing the organization, mission statement, building competitive advantage and structuring the organization and work effort (Thompson, Peteraf et al, 2011). Staffing the organization The experience an
Introduction Financial Planning in Australia is a thoroughly regulated field, with financial planners being obliged to follow numerous government guidelines and requirements. Various reviews have been performed on the Financial Planning regulations in the country, with the latest conducted in 2019by the Royal Commission into Misconduct in Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services. This report will consider two case studies concerning Superannuation and examine the recommendations made by the Royal Commission and whether they were realized. AMP Limited Case Study AMP Limited is a financial services company based in Australia. The firm is a holding company that owns the stock of AMP Superannuation Limited (ASL) and NM Superannuation Proprietary Limited (NM) (Royal Commission, 2019b). The company was included in the Royal Commission report due to ASL and NM releasing the trustee duties of their funds because of the AMP Group membership (Royal Commission, 2019b). During the investigation, several critical findings in the conduct of AMP Limited were made. The inquiry found that the ASL and NM outsource a significant proportion of their powers and duties to other players within the AMP Group (Royal Commission, 2019b). All the functions of ASL and NM, including the collection of funds, trust management, and investments, are performed by outside parties, including AMP Life. The report discovered numerous administrative, advice, and investment fees charged to the members against the cash balance in their accounts. The costs charged to the members are received by other firms within the AMP Group, to which ASL and NM have outsourced their duties (Royal Commission, 2019b). Overall, ASL and NM are passive to the decisions of other AMP Group stakeholders. The Royal Commission report provides several recommendations to the AMP as a holding company for ASL and NM and other companies with similar transgressions. The primary suggestion is to increase reporting between the trustees and the organizations to which their powers and duties are outsourced (Royal Commission, 2019a). It is recommended to ensure that the outsourcing is performed in the members’ interests and is no detriment to their financial investment with the company. Finally, it is advised to cancel advice fees deduction from the cash balance of the members (Royal Commission, 2019a). As of 2020, AMP Life remains in charge of the day-to-day operations of ASL (AMP Superannuation Li
Introduction Richard III is a famous Shakespearean play that narrates the protagonist’s rise to the crown through cruel and disgraceful actions of physical and mental violence. Throughout the play, the protagonist utilizes any tools and techniques to achieve more power, ultimately sacrificing any person he meets on his way. However, Act 1, Scene 2 provides readers with another act of Richard’s manipulation, but this time – verbal. As he enters the funeral procession of the current king, and Anne, who was a wife of the deceased, starts to accuse Richard of his vile behavior. At first, Richard tries to deflect but then proceeds to push for Ann’s affection by implying that her beauty is the reason for his violence. In the overall context of the play, this scene serves as the turning point in Richard’s motivation since his success in engaging with Anne gives him the overt confidence to fight for the throne. The scene’s underlying tension serves as a definitive source of Shakespeare’s use of language to portray the specific mood, tone, and the character’s intentions. This close reading will focus on Richard’s speech in Act 1, Scene 2, specifically lines 336-355, to examine how figurative language, imagery, and word choice helps the author convey a particular meaning. Figurative Language Simile The first tool of figurative language that is used consistently throughout the passage is a simile. Shakespeare emphasizes that the feelings and actions he describes are comparable to something beyond the mere verbs; instead, he paints a more complex portrayal of emotional experiences through comparison. One of the first instances of simile in the passage is, “Nor when thy warlike father, like a child told the sad story of my father’s death” (Shakespeare 1.2.344). Here, via the phrase “like a child,” the author compares the warrior-like character of Anne’s father to a minor. This comparison does not serve as an offense; on the contrary, it highlights how devastating the news of the death were. Therefore, this simile serves to contrast the usually powerful stance of a character with his mourning state. Another prominent simile can be found in the line, “Like trees bedash’d with rain” (Shakespeare 1.2.348). In this usage of comparison, the author draws a connection between crying people and nature, which acts as a powerful tool to describe strong emotions. Metaphor The second tool of figurative language that Shakespeare uses abundantly
Introduction Ambiguous sex is a biological phenomenon where an individual bares an intermediate characteristic between male and female. It can also be congenital; referring to chromosomal aberration, genital ambiguity or sexual developmental dysfunctions. The intersex individuals do not have a definite sexual orientation and may assume intermediate sex between male and female both physically and psychologically. Various studies and research have been carried out in this field of science to come up with amicable solutions to these anomalies. The medical practices and surgeries carried out on intersexual individuals have raised controversial debates and concerns on moral and ethical aspects of the practices. History of The Research Background information In the ancient world and pre-modern society, intersex individuals were grouped together as a ‘third gender’ and most cultures sidelined these group of people and considered them as cursed or a disgrace to the community among many other mythical stories and beliefs. It was until the Victorian era that medical personalities referred the intersex people to as ‘true hermaphrodite’; that is possessing both the ovarian and testicular organs. Female pseudo-hermaphrodite were considered to be those individuals with a more pronounced female genitalia but with male anatomy while male pseudo-hermaphrodites had a more elaborate male genitalia but with pronounced female anatomy. 1 In the nineteenth century, there was significant scientific research and development on this field of sexuality as a result of pressure emanating from the feminist, the anthropologist and the intersex lobby groups who were eager to find remedies to these ambiguous biological phenomena. A series of research works were carried out by biomedical specialists across the globe to find a distinct biological benchmark bordering the two sexes and they later exemplified that gonadal tissues could be used as the cut-line to distinguish male from female species despite the other morphological and anatomical attributes that may come with it as a result of genetic and hormonal imbalances. In 1910s, the medical practitioners used advanced technologies to carry out more sophisticated procedures like biopsies and laparotomies that made it possible to identify true ‘hermaphrodite’ from other normal cases. The physicians at George Washington Medical School, will under their intersexual research, identified cases where the patients bear extreme feminine characters and anatomy and upon careful examination, they were found to have testes. 2 Such individuals find it hard to identify their place in the society and cannot freely interact with the rest of the community because of their sexual orientation. Most of them resolve to undertake surgical operation so as to incline towards a particular sexual orientation fully. Serological procedure The first serological experiment to be performed on an intersexual was in the year 1967 by a physician Harold Grafinkel using a technique called ethnomethodology that used to perform surgical gender transformation. This technique was later used
All the goods and items that enter the confines of correctional facilities against the laid down laws are categorized as prison contraband. Prison contraband includes food, cell phones, money, drugs, weapons, and gambling materials (Blackburn, 2013). Different kinds of contraband are traded and modified within the correctional facilities against the law. It is argued that almost everything in prison can be classified as contraband even if it appears harmless (Briggs, 2011). It is important to note that prison contraband does not necessarily need to be dangerous. All items and materials forbidden by a policy are considered contraband without any exemptions (Briggs, 2011). This paper will highlight the effects of contraband in the prison system and some of the steps being taken to control the issue. The correctional function of prisons is undermined in a great way by prison contraband. There are various ways through which prisoners smuggle contraband into correctional facilities (Briggs, 2011). The first way is through visitation interaction where friends and relatives of prisoners bring contraband in correctional facilities in the course of their visits. Conjugal visits are the most notorious for smuggling contraband especially if prison officers remain lenient in their inspections (Briggs, 2011). There is no way contraband can be introduced in correctional facilities without collaboration between prisoners and the outside people. Prisoners have outside contacts that they rely on in ensuring that all the forbidden items and commodities reach them (Holmes, 2011). Prison officers and other volunteers working in correctional facilities play a critical role in facilitating the smuggling of contraband into correctional facilities. Prison officers and the general prison staff are in most cases compromised by bribes for them to allow easy passage of contraband into correctional facilities (Holmes, 2011). Prison walls are another entry point for contraband commodities. Most of the contraband goods are normally thrown over the prison walls by outsiders