ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Traditionally, the locals of United Arab Emirates (UAE) had the habit of eating nutritious and freshly cooked food in the warmth of their homes. However, the eating habits have changed due to modernisation that has created huge transformations in the food preferences particularly among the younger generation. The current generation prefers having fast food ranging from burgers to shawarma. Several reasons have been attributed to this change. In fact, the transformations in the eating habits have been blamed on the current change in lifestyle, increased income and occupation. Nevertheless, the transformation from homemade food to fast food has been so severe and widespread that people have become addicted to fast food in the UAE. UAE is one of the high-income countries due to abundance of oil on which the country’s economy is mainly based. In fact, incomes from oil have contributed to the increased living standard of people. Besides, modernisation has led to new way of life and changed lifestyle. Traditionally, the people of UAE were confined to their place of residence. However, today, people are becoming increasingly exposed to the global practices and way of life. The Western culture has had great influence on the local practices particularly the manner on the eating habits. Essentially, the pressures from modernised way of living have put pressure on the traditional values and practices thereby influencing changes. As indicated, several factors promote fast food eating habits throughout UAE. The highly hypothesised factor is the change in the lifestyle. The changes in lifestyle have been attributed to the changes in economic conditions, influence of foreign expatriates, the media and globalisation. Majority of people in UAE are currently becoming urbanised and adopting new way of life different from the traditional practices and values. Changes in occupational practices such as hectic work schedules do not allow majority to devote time to shop for ingredients of food to cook. The situation has been exacerbated by the removal of regulations that denied women to work. Traditionally, cooking was a preserve for women. Moreover, women were not allowed to work, which provided increased humble time to perform their daily chores. Allowing women to perform formal jobs delineated women from these daily activities. As such, families have resorted to the consumption of readymade food. In other words, there was limited time for home activities such as cooking. Other factors such as increased income within the family setting also contribute to the increased consumption of fast foods. In fact, increased incomes means that money is available to be spent. Among the school-going children, long school hours necessitate food intake. Since majority of the children do not bring packed-food
Board of Directors The Board of Directors of Carnival Corporation consists of 14 members where three members are internal ones with the Chairman and CEO Mickey Arison, and four members worked in the company previously. The other seven members are external employees. Mickey Arison and his family control the comparably significant shares of stock (36%) when the group of directors controls 30% of the total shares. Thus, the part of the stock is privately held, and the other part is publicly traded with the help of the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange. The voting rights of the shareholders are the same in spite of using different stock exchanges. The board members have the considerable experience in controlling the national and international companies. For instance, Sir John Parker is the Chairman of National Grid plc, Anglo American plc, and Vice Chairman of DP World in Dubai, and he contributes much to developing international operations, basing on his knowledge. The other board members also have significant backgrounds and experience and provide the independent view on the progress of the company, using their analytical skills. The experience of the board members also depends on the period of their serving on the board. Thus, Mickey Arison and Robert Dickinson took the leading positions in the 1990s, and the other members serve on the board during several years. The issue of the environmental sustainability is important for the company, and the board members focused on adopting the requirements of International Standard ISO 14001:2004 in relation to reducing the carbon dioxide pollution and managing waste on ship. The board members are actively involved in strategic management, and they are responsible for managing the strategic development with setting the perspectives and regulating the management policies. Moreover, the managers’ proposals are always discussed from the point of environment sustainability to respond to the company’s strategy. Top Management The company’s top management consists of the principal officers who are Mickey Arison, Howard Frank, David Bernstein, Richard Ames, Arnaldo Perez, and Larry Freedman, and the persons who regulate the work of different operational segments such as Carnival Cruise Lines or Princess Cruises. The positions are taken according to the officers’ knowledge and background. The presidents and CEO of such lines as, for instance, Carnival Australia and Carnival UK were chosen according to their international work experience. The executives from the acquired companies are the considered part of the top management team to create the strong global cruise line. The most experienced representatives of the company’s management are Mickey Arison and Howard Frank who take their positions for several years, and the other officers are re-elected and serve less than three years. Top managers are internally hired. Carnival Corporation’s top mangers follow the systematic approach to strategic management based on developing a strong global cruise line with references to several operating segments an
The image provided above is the interface for the GNUmed Electronic Medical Record which is aimed “to assist and improve longitudinal care (specifically in ambulatory settings, i.e. multi-professional practices and clinics)” (The GNUmed Project 2012). The GNUmed Electronic Medical Record is a powerful viewer that provides tools for manipulating, measuring, and converting varied types of hospital data in a variety of formats and with a vast choice of operating options. According to The GNUmed Electronic Medical Record Description, the GNUmed is a “solution for keeping safe and medically sound electronic records on a patient’s health. It primarily focuses on GP offices. It is released under the GPL. Data is stored in a PostgreSQL database. Multiple clients can work with the same database at the same time”. The identification of i/o fields are as follows:  1. This is where you put your search criteria in the hospital database.  2. The field where the information about the patient can be found. The identification data such as the patient’s address, physician’s name, date of birth, and so on can be found in this field.  3. The field where the information about the type of data can be identified (for instance EMR).  4. The buttonprovidesg options for corresponding the data from the program to the other locations.  5. This button provides an opportunity to choose the needed tool from the variety of existing options quickly and conveniently.  6. This button provides an opportunity to acquire additional knowledge on any particular case.  7. In this field, information on office data and options can be found.  8. This button offers practical advice for the users in helping to manage to achieve the best results in operating the program. Additionally, the information on solving problemsthath may occur during the use of the program can be found here.  9. In this field, the user may identify the location where the patients live to find the required information on particular patients. The user chooses the place where she wants to search. 10. In this area, the user will find all the major results of one’s research. The user can see the result of one’s search query and one can browse each case individually. 11. In this field, the information of inbox status can be found. This is a convenient tool for “viewing per-staff Inbox, leave messages to oneself and the other users and from inbox message jump to unreviewed
The car Toyota Camry is a one of the series of Toyota product produced by the Japanese into the auto market since 1980 and sold in most automobile markets worldwide. These series of Toyota produced cars are what is popularly known and referred to as the mid-sized range of cars by the Europeans. Though, the Northern Americans and the Australians refer to these series of Japanese car as an intermediate series automobile. The Camry range of automobile is a standardized car with its size having the requisite qualities for or relatively larger in size than that of a compact and are generally classified under a subsuming series or with a general group of executive car or family car as regarded by the Europeans. Robinson Aaron noted that the name Camry means crown and it is the change of Communicated word or written word of another language into a more comprehendible English form, and was derived from the Japanese word which is Kanmuri (Robinson, “Cars and drivers, 2007”). The Toyota Camry model of cars is a direct conventional Japanese automobile mid-sized car; with the important attributes and have the quality that is characterized by good substantial engineering, Surpassing in quality craftsmanship, and having firm value of money, making it difficult to be competed with by other automobile manufacturers. The Toyota Camry range of cars also has a trade mark state of being held in high esteem and honour for its quality of being dependable or reliable and also has a second hand value for money. The Camry range of Toyota automobile comes with series of brand, although with the first production of the hatch back model in the year 1983 which drew the automotive world into the appreciation of the Japanese range of cars. Relatively, the Camry models of automobile are perceive or thought about as less sporty than rival automobiles, owing towards their relaxed and adjust for better functioning shock absorber. Although, Toyota Camry cars serves exactly the same purpose as other cars in practical use, in the likes of sport utility vehicles (SUV) with an engine size range of 6.0 litres, because the Toyota Camry is more Skilfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort and also saves fuel unlike the sport utility vehicle or jeeps or better still other automobiles manufactured in other parts of the world. However, the mileage of the sport utility vehicles range of cars is equivalent to double of that of the Toyota Camry, thereby making the small size of Toyota Camry cost less than that of a sport utility vehicle or other cars in the range of the SUV. In spite of this, due to the global change in the size of automobile worldwide, it makes the Toyota Camry have a major benefactive role because of its look in small size and also elegance and sumptuousness, thereby giving it the standard of a deluxe car. The Toyota Camry is easier to drive, hence, having a minimal insurance cover compared to the sport utility vehicles. Robinson (2007) further stated that with the small body built of the Toyota Camry and cons
Introduction Businesses have the obligation of providing goods and services to the public. This comes with different responsibilities to different parties. The parties include the stakeholders. They have to maintain a healthy relationship with all these parties. To do this, they have to do their work in ethically. The ethics they follow is either set up by the enterprise or forces outside the enterprise. However, the business has to ensure that it operates under these ethics in order to ensure that the services it is rendering are not causing harm to the stakeholders. This is the case with the sole- owned company run by James. He has both legal and ethical responsibilities to consider before making any decision. This also means that he has to consider the effects and consequences of his decision on both employers and his customers. Stakeholders and ethics A stakeholder is any person or enterprise affected by the activities undertaken in the company. This means that there are four stakeholders; James; the owner of the company, the employees, the council and the residents of the council. These are parties that have a say in the activities undertaken by the company. The interest can either be direct or indirect. Other stakeholders in this case include suppliers and financial lending institutions. The public tender and the town council are also part of the stakeholders. This is because both parties contribute to the operations of the company. Therefore, any action taken by James will affect the company and vice versa. Ethics is the honorable deeds either right or wrong made by the business. It depends on the judgment of the stakeholders concerning organization related issues. There are no set values set aside, and seen as the ideal ethics for any business. The enterprise is responsible for deciding and designing the ethics to use (Tittle, 2001 pp 147). In the case, of James’ company; there is a variety of ethics that concern his business. One of the ethical issues John has to solve is the one concerning fixed priced contracts. This stipulates that James should not receive extra money from a contract. However, the dilemma in this case arises from the previous transaction where he encountered a £10,000 loss. According to the public tenders there should be no extra money paid to the contractor apart from the money pertaining to the transaction. This means that James should give the money back to the council. This will also cast a good image for the company to the wider public. The other ethical issue in this case concerns his employees. Most of them come from the same town that they lost £10,000 in the previous contract. This means that the operation of the business affects their lives at work and home. Therefore, it raises concern as to whether to take the money or not. This is because the extra cash will mean a raise in their allowances from the previous contract. However, this is not ethical because the rules laid out by the public tender do not support discrimination. This is also unethical because it seems like bribery. This is in accordance with the number of
Multi traffic congestion charging Traffic congestion is quickly becoming a major hindrance to economic development in the big cities. Over the years, households have seen an increase in their purchasing power resulting from increase in their incomes and this has resulted in increased purchase of private vehicles and also a significant rise in the number of suburban homes bought (Beever and Carshaw 2). It follows that most people have to travel in and out of the city center for work and other daily engagements. In most of the cities, people go to work and school and leave at the same hours of the day. This synchronized movement of people to and from the city within certain hours puts a lot of pressure on the transport infrastructure within the city and leads to reduced levels of productivity and efficiency (Costanza 62). Furthermore, rising population numbers coupled with increased purchasing power adds to the complexity of this situation. Traffic congestion charging is one of the already successful concepts already implemented in some major cities to curb the menace of traffic congestion. Traffic congestion charging is a system implemented by several big towns, in this system vehicles are charged some fees for using some roads during specified times of the day (Turner, Bateman and Pearce 78). It is a market economics practice where consumers of public goods are charged for the negative effects that result from increased demand at peak hours. The increased demand leads to a shortage in the public goods as well as other harmful environmental effects such as increased traffic during the peak hours. In order to bring the resolve this situation, the involved authorities charge a price for use of these public goods so as to lower the demand rather than try increasing the supply. Traffic congestion charging is an example of an environmental tax (Edwards-Jones, Davies and Hussain 143). Environmental taxes are usually levied on goods or services that are seen to be destructive to the environment. In our case this tax is levied on road users who drive around the perimeter or inside the transport networks of busy town districts. It can also be described as a usage tax levied when demand exceeds the available supply. This system has been implemented by several cities around the world as a way of reducing travel congestion within the city roads during the peak transport hours. The city authorities anticipate benefiting from implementing these systems within the central business districts by achi
Executive Summary The given report aims to analyze the cultural dimensions existing in the Japanese and the US cultures in the experience of Mr. Selleck, an American baseball player, hired by the Japanese Nagoya Chunichi Dragon professional team and who was not prepared to encounter different culture and distinct mode of life. This report covers such cross-cultural management issues as cultural programming, reaction to new cultural experiences, and changes that may be provoked by the parties involved in the cross-cultural situations. Additionally, recommendations for the improvement of the cross-cultural management practices are provided. Analysis Culture as Frozen History Cultural traditions and values are formed under the influence of various social, political, and historical environments and are maintained from one generation to another. The American and the Japanese societies largely differ from each other, and their national values belong to distinct cultural dimensions. Geert Hofstede (2001) distinguishes five major indexes which may be used to rank cultural values: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long-/Short-Term Orientation. The example of Mr. Selleck indicates that the US culture is higher on Individualism while the Japanese community is higher on collectivism. Initially, in many situations, Selleck acted selfishly and was concerned primarily with his own advantages and interest, e.g., during the first training when everybody made exercises he refused to join and even found these activities absurd. But the goal of the Japanese managers was the development of harmony and cohesion among all team members. Although such attitude does not exclude some orientation towards individuals, it makes collective benefits a priority. There is also a greater level of power acceptance in the Japanese culture. In the USA, Mr. Selleck regarded himself as equal to his managers and freely expressed his opinions without paying much respect to authority. However, in Japan, this programming caused him a lot of trouble because traditionally the Japanese society abides by the principles of social and professional hierarchy and any disagreement with higher management is usually considered rude. The distribution of socio-emotional roles in the Japanese culture is clearly identified. Japan has the index of 95 in the masculinity dimension (Hofstede 2001). It means that it is one of the most competitive countries in the world, and it values materialism, confidence, and predominance. The competition largely influences individual actions and decisions in the Japanese society and, in this way, affects the manner of work. Japan is also very high on long-term orientation. High scores in the given dimension emphasize the significance of authority and collectivism in the society. The long-term goals seem to unite teams and stimulate their trust in authority and power. Everyone except Mr. Selleck in the Japanese baseball team looked to the future and endeavored to fulfill the f
Introduction The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is an organization, concerned with problems that are connected to keeping the country safe. According to the mission statement, the primary objective of the institution is to “ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards” (“Our Mission,” 2016, page 1). For such an influential organization, good cooperation within it is key to successful operations. The result can be achieved through proper leadership. The DHS has some problems within the organization that limit its capabilities. For long periods, the top positions at the agency were vacant or occupied by temporary workers. Naylor (2013) states that not having permanent leaders in key positions reflects adversely on the DHS. Also, DHS is responsible for handling issues that differ in nature, which makes it difficult to manage the cooperation within it. The motivation of the employees is affected negatively by the problems that the department faces. This problem is reflected in the rankings for the best places to work at, in which DHS remains at the bottom of the list (Naylor, 2013). Finally, most top positions are occupied by employees that fulfill the function of managers and supervisors and not leaders. The mentioned issues should be addressed through proper leadership as it is the core of the problems that the DHS faces. The Department of Homeland Security has been struggling to achieve its mission efficiently due to the lack of leadership and leadership challenges that it faces. Background Information about the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) The organization was formed as a response to the September 11 attacks (Naylor, 2013). Thus, the primary motive behind creating the department was to have an institution that can serve to protect America from various threats. As DHS states, they are concerned with broad areas of activity (“Our Mission,” 2016). Also, the department employs people from various backgrounds, including employees from the private sector, governmental organizations, and non-governmental organizations. It can be argued that managing such a complex organization with a broad spectrum of responsibilities and a diverse workforce is complicated and should involve competent executives that can ensure the cooperation within the DHS. Among the responsibilities of the DHS, there are many, while the department states that they strive “to prevent, to protect, to respond, and to recover, as well as to build in security, to ensure resilience, and to facilitate customs and exchange” (“Our Mission,” 2016, page 1). This includes areas from border control to handling natural disasters. It can be argued that combining