ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Maslow and Allport were both behavioral psychologists. They both dedicated time to studying and analyzing human behavior and understanding. Both looked at the behavior and responses of human beings in learning and growth. The two scholars possessed both similarities and differences in the way they thought about the various behavioral issues of human beings. This paper, therefore, seeks to compare the similarities and contrast the differences between the two scholars. The two scholars believed in the role of the preformed instincts in the deciding of human behavior. Allport viewed human beings as being born with pre-potent avoidance responses that are bound to inform their reactions to a threat to their safety and comfort. In so doing Allport grants importance to hereditary instincts. He further states that, to evoke these reactions an extremely crude stimulation is necessary (Wozniak 1997). On a similar note, Maslow believes in the existence of a part of human nature that seeks to satisfy the biological or survival motives (Maslow, 1968) These are the instincts that are the most basic in the survival behavior of people. This is however as far as the similarity goes on this front, Allport puts it that the growth of a human being leads to changes in the instinctive action and it is replaced with the more developed reasoning that takes over. Behavior, therefore, shapes complex reasoning processes through which social processes come into play in place of the hitherto simple reflex responses. The scholar reasons that the actions that human beings take are therefore deliberate and clearly thought out by a person. the thinking process is informed by the social forces that the person is subject to. Maslow on the other hand believed in the theory of hierarchical needs. He, therefore, believed that human beings make both instinctive and informed efforts at meeting basic needs. The meeting of the basic needs first is the only way that the other needs can be met. Maslow believes in th
Executive Summary A one-day music festival is arranged to take place in Greenwich Park. The project will start on March 28, 2011, and end on June 5, 2011, with the festival taking place on June 4, 2011. The estimated number of attendees is 10,000 people. The current report outlines the details of the project, the tasks, stakeholders, division of roles and responsibilities, and potential risks of the project. Stakeholders The stakeholders are individuals or organizations involved in the project, and/or those whose interests are directly influenced by the project’s success and completion (PMI Standards Committee and Project Management Institute, 1996). The key stakeholders in a project of planning a one-day music festival in Greenwich Park are the following:   * UK music promoter – the sponsor of the project   * Team A – a project management team responsible for the planning process for the music festival.   * Subcontractors – various subcontractors who will be hired during the duration of the project to perform the task involved.   * Customers – the attendees of the festival. Business Needs The initiation of the project is based on the business need of the promoter, where the authorization of the project is driven by the tickets’ sales revenues, which are estimated at the maximum capacity of the venue -10,000 people, and the determined ticket price – £ 40. Other sources of expected revenues include advertisers and sponsors. Scope Statement Project Justification The project is concerned with planning a one-day Music Festival that will take place on the 4 th of June 2011, in Greenwich Park. The project is concerned with all steps leading to the festival apart from performers’ co
The on-going debate on the place of corporations The Canadian documentary The Corporation (Achbar & Abbott 2003) dwells upon the role corporations have played in the society. Corporations are now associated with evil, illegal entities that focus on gaining profit at the expense of the community. People claim that corporations ceased the power long time ago and people can do nothing to resist. However, it is important to remember that corporations were initially “a gift of people to serve the public good” as people gathered to fulfil certain tasks and their activities were strictly regulated (Achbar & Abbott 2003). The corporations are not a product of evil businessmen of the beginning of the twentieth century. These entities (as they are now) are a result of regulatory deficiencies at a number of levels, i.e. corporate, national and international levels. The present paper is aimed at identifying the major regulatory deficiencies and revealing possible ways to diminish negative influence of corporations. Major issues associated with corporations To understand the reasons for the impact corporations have, it is necessary to briefly trace the development of these entities. Industrialisation is seen as the major factor that made the appearance of corporations possible (Bowman 2010). Researchers also note that the development of the military industry was another potent factor that contributed to the development of corporations (Achbar & Abbott 2003). Mastrogiovanni (2009) notes that military conflicts have always brought huge sums of money to those involved in the military industry. However, the major turning point in the development of corporations as they are now was the enactment of the 14 th Amendment. Researchers stress that the notion that corporations should be regarded as legal persons enabled these entities to operate with less restrictions (Achbar & Abbott 2003). The corporation was a legal person that was able to buy and sell property. Therefore, corporations have gained more power since the 1930s. Importantly, the concept of the corporation h
There are a lot of different approaches which help consider the economical and political situations in the world, connect the realities and help solve some problems. The economical theories are created with the purpose to help the country to solve the issues either social or economical. Some of the theories are effective, others are not. Still, each of the existing economical theories helps the development of the economy in the country and impact the urban state of affairs. Comparing and contrasting the Keynesianism and Neorealism theories, it should be stated that they are directed at different principles of economics development and therefore impact various spheres which help the economics of the country function appropriately. Moreover, the spheres of impact are different, which influences the scope of the considered themes. The main idea of Keynesianism is as following. The market economics does not have the features of balance which ensures the full employment. The main reason for this is the intention to conserve the part of the income which leads to the fact that the aggregate demand is lower than the aggregate supply. It is impossible to overcome the tendency to economy. That is why the government should regulate the economy by means of influencing the economics of the country by means of the effect on the aggregate demand applying to one of the following measures, increasing of the monetary stock, decreasing the interest rate which leads to the stimulation of the investment activity. The lack of the demand should be compensated by means of the public works and budget financing. Referencing the discussed theory to the ecological problem in the cities, the following examples of an ecological Keynesianism should be considered, “the state’s use of transfer and investment measures so as to accelerate the shift from reliance on fossil fuels towards reliance on renewable energy; state intervention to discourage incineration of waste, and to enhance reliance on recycling; and conversion of military production facilities into units which produce for the sustenance of life on earth.” (Custers 173). Considering the effect of the Keynesianism on the urban economy, the full employment and increased resources of planning and redevelopment are to be mentioned. The government should play the vital role in the economics of each state and city (Dilworth 55). Dwelling upon the advantages and disadvantages of applying to this theory in practice van der Burg refers to increase of the private or government consumption aimed at helping the country to increase the production and employment fast. However, one of the main disadvantages in this case is the raise of the government debt which creates the circumstances for deterioration in the balance of payments (van der Burg 141). Shifting to the discussion of the Neorealism, it should be stated that this theory was then reaction to the deficit of the classical realism. One of the principal characteristics of the Neorealism is the con
Human behavior can be studied from a variety of perspectives. Among them there are humanistic and existentialistic theories that generally come from very different systems of thought, but have several similarities. As an approach to human psychology, humanism views people’s values and interests as the most important aspect (Schultz & Schultz, 2005). The concept of humanistic psychology was introduced in 1930 by a psychologist Gordon Allport. Among the other well-known scholars following this approach there were Abraham Maslow, Henry Murray and Carl Rogers. Overall, humanistic theories view human nature as the source of virtues, and perceive people as creative and willing to improve, grow and realize themselves (Schultz & Schultz, 2005). This view of personality is rather optimistic. According to Rogers, the way a person sees the world around directly influences their behavior and choices (Engler, 2013). In existential psychology the most important need and desire of a human is referred to as “being-in-the-world”, which means that every person’s primary concern is their existence (Ewen, 2010). Existential psychology argues that the point of their own being in this world is the most important question for any human being. Besides, Rollo May (one of the most influential existential psychologists) divided the perception of the world into three main regions – the environment, the close people and personal world (Ewen, 2010). One of the man similarities of the two approaches is that both of them recognize an individual’s responsibility for their own life and what is happening to them. Moreover, the existential and humanistic theories focus on the positive aspects of human personalities such as thirst for knowledge, personal growth and deeper understanding of the world around. The main difference between the two systems of thought is their perspective on human behaviors. Looking for causes of particular choices and actions of a person, humanist psychology will study the surroundings of an individual. According to humanistic approach, the environments force people to do bad things. At the same
Introduction Frida Kahlo was a famous Mexican artist who was known for her self portraits and the intense colors that featured in most of her works. Kahlo was born in 1907 in Coyoacan a small township in Mexico City. She began her painting career after she was involved in a bus accident in 1925 that left her with severe injuries to her spine, her legs, her pelvis and the rest of her body. Kahlo was constantly plagued with pain throughout the rest of her life that at times saw her confined to a hospital bed. She underwent a total of thirty five operations after the accident with most of them being performed on her legs and her back. Kahlo began painting while she was recovering from her accident injuries to occupy her time. She mostly did self-portrayals during the three months she was inert and these pieces of art played a dominant part of her life. She explained that portraying herself in the self portraits was due to the fact that she was the subject she knew best. She also painted herself because she was lonely for the duration she was under bed rest. Her mother, Matilde Calderon, had a special easel made for Frida so that she could paint while she was lying in bed. Her self p
Introduction Strategic management may be described as a process that involves execution and evaluation of cross-functional decisions with the objective to influencing the attainment of organization’s short-term and long-term goals. In the resent times the study has advanced as different schools come up with different analysis of how the overall process should be undertaken. There are basically three levels of decision making each undertaking specific roles; the corporate strategy level deals with corporate decisions that permeate across all units, business strategy level deals with decisions that affect specific business units at the middle level of management and the functional strategy level deals with functional issues at the lower level of functional area of the organization. The prescriptive school of strategy mainly seeks to analyze the future positioning of the organization using the current and past and the related industry analysis. The descriptive school of strategy on the other hand seeks to analyze the firm’s progress basing on the individual power to reason and make rational decisions. These two schools of thoughts therefore use different tools and techniques in their analysis. This paper seeks to critically analyze the prescriptive and the descriptive school of strategies. The role of the prescriptive school of strategy The prescriptive school of strategies enables the firm to maximize on its internal strengths and opportunities as a move of increasing efficiency in the production process. Their critical analysis also enables the firm to effectively position itself within the market. The market competitiveness has in the recent past become an important strategy which ought to be utilized by
The problem of increasing poverty is one of the major political issues in the United States, which became especially agile after the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the difficult economic situation all over the world. Today, there is a growth in the number of Americans living below the poverty line and facing a variety of challenges, struggling to afford the most necessary resources, such as medical services, food, and housing. The problems of these people are also accompanied by a high level of stress, which makes the situation worse as it leads to negative consequences for health, including even mental problems, which, in turn, impact the entire society. To eliminate the problem of poverty, there is a range of measures to be done, including an increase in the minimum wage, programs for helping people in employment, and the availability of healthcare. The number of people living below the poverty line is increasing all over the United States. One of the reasons for it is the size of the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, which has not changed since 2009 (“How Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage”). In most counties, a person with an annual income of $12,760 or less is considered as living below the poverty line (Stebbins). The problem leads to the growth of crime rates, a decrease in the quality of education, and, as a result, fewer employment opportunities. According to a study by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), “raising the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2025 would increase wages for at least 17 million people” and lift approximately 900,000 out of poverty (Selyukh par. 1). President Biden has stated that this shift should be gradual over the next several years not to cause more damage to the economy. According to the CBO’s expectations, in 2025, the poverty threshold will be $21,260 for a family of three and $26,850 for a family of four (CBO). The increase in the federal minimum wage can presumably reduce the poverty and increase the quality of people’s lives. Employment is another solution to the problem as the availability of job places can help people make the living. It can be done through multiple programs, including skill-enhancing training programs and a strong unemployment insurance (UI) system, which guarantees temporary partial replacement of wages to unemployed workers below the poverty line. Moreover, such projects as The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which is the nation’s most important anti-hunger program, also contribute to poverty reduction (“Chart Book: SNAP”). The initiative is aimed at helping people who require food assistance and promoting health. There are also numerous benefits from programs, targeted at encouraging people to work as there are many healthy people who simply do not have a desire to be employed. Such initiatives as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program (TANFP) help people in need, although, they limit the time of the assistance they provide and make people work (Haskins). Numerous studies have proven that there is a strong dep
Modern healthcare, being primarily focused on providing quality patient care, cannot exist apart from information technology. For this reason, medical employees are now obliged to learn how to beneficially use technology as well as practice proper communication with patients on the subject of its use in the process of treatment. The discipline, which will be analyzed in the course of the paper, is aimed at defining major tools necessary for providing quality healthcare to the community. Thus, the most significant insight acquired during the course is the high necessity of learning how to convey the importance of information technology to the patients in the simplest way possible. To begin with, it is necessary to dwell upon the notions that should be processed by the students throughout the course. The subject’s primary goal was to introduce the most common technologies now used in healthcare and their significance to the sphere. Another part of the course was dedicated to the nuance of proper communication with patients using both technology and interpersonal communication. Before the course enrollment, I considered information technology to be more of an arbitrary helping tool rather than part and parcel of medical practice. However, by the end of the course, I have discovered that the proper use of technology tools can potentially help save hundreds of human lives. Researchers claim that such tools as the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) prevent doctors from making false diagnoses due to cognitive overload (Ancker et al., 2017). Besides helping medicals focus more on the treatment process, it is also a key tool for the precise statistical data, crucial for the further development of healthcare across the state. Another crucial aspect obtained during the course is the ability to assess personal strengths and weaknesses when it comes to cooperation with information systems. As a result, I have discovered that my major strength is the ability to adapt to technology use quite quickly. This benefit also concerns almost all young specialists who are used to information technology from an early age. Such knowledge puts more adolescent specialists at a serious advantage in terms of healthcare system development. However, the skills of fast learning do not concern some patients who are to be educated on the use of technology tools during their treatment process. According to the researchers, effective patient education is the key to successful treatment due to the patient’s willingness to collaborate (Jimenez & Lewis, 2018). Hence, I believe my major weakness to be the ability to communicate with patients in a way beneficial for their desire to be educated. Despite various already existing methods on patient education, there is still a strong need to develop further research on the topic in order to make it more productive. In my opinion, the development of healthcare informatics is now rapidly moving towards its zenith due to the beneficial environment. The strategies of further researches are now being planned for the next decades. However, automatized systems of clinical history have int
Introduction The purpose of the paper is the evaluation of data collection methods and the creation of efficient instruments for the accumulation of information about BI System usage and its effects on organizational performance. It is observed that BI software creates benefits in the data organization and operation (Agiu, Mateescu, & Muntean, 2014; Carlsson, Skog, & Tona, 2010). And the purpose of the study is the identification and assessment of BI’s favorable impacts. The study will employ both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. While qualitative methods provide information that may help to identify the patterns between the variables’ interrelations, quantitative data is associated with a high level of precision, accuracy, and objectivity (Creswell, 2003). Qualitative data is interpretable; it is subjective yet can be effectively correlated with the theoretical frameworks (Morgan & Smircich, 1980). Quantitative data is numerical and statistical, and it is characterized by a minimal possibility of result biasing (Brown & Hedges, 2009). The survey, questionnaire, and interviews (comprised of expanded versions of survey and questionnaire questions) complement each other and will help to evaluate the accumulated data from multiple perspectives. The data collection tools will be designed considering the major ethical principles of research conduct. It is important to provide complete information about the purpose of the experiment to the participants to get their consent. In this way, the researchers act according to the principle of voluntary participation (Trochim, 2006). The conduction of experiments without the consent of the individuals may be regarded as a violation of the ethical code. It is also important to use the personal information confidentially and avoid its disclosure without permission (Beskow, Dame, & Costello, 2008). Assignment Task Instruments of Data Collection This survey is a part of an academic assignment. The information provided by you will be kept confidential and will be used for academic/research purpose only. Questionnaire  1. What is your age? ___  2. What is your gender?   * Male   * Female  1. Do you apply BI software at work?   * Yes   * No  1. How often do you use BI System?   * At least one time a day   * More than one time a day  1. For how long do you use BI System a day?   * Less than 15 minutes   * More than 15 minutes  1. How would you assess System quality?   * High   * Low  1. How would you assess information quality?   * High   * Low  1. Does System application positively impact your working productivity?   * Yes   * No  1. Does it have a favorable influence on organizational performance?   * Yes   * No  1. How would you assess your overall satisfaction with the BI System application?   * Positive   * Negative   * Survey Question