ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Description of the industry The tourism industry is one of the industries in the market. The industry is made of of key players such as hotels, and tourist attraction sites. The demand in the industry has increased because people need to travel and visit fascinating sites. Countries with attractive sites have experienced high growth in tourism. The industry has high returns, and countries with good attraction sites gain a lot of foreign exchange from the industry. The industry experiences seasonal demand because the tourists visit during holidays. A few tourists visit during normal periods. Countries with attractive sites experience a large inflow of tourists during the holiday seasons (Das, 61). The critical outputs (Q) The outputs of the tourism industry include foreign exchange earnings that are paid by the tourists. In addition, the output includes the improved image of the countries which have attractive sites. The critical inputs necessary to produce the output The critical inputs include hotels, fascinating sites and and attractive cultural artifacts. Identify technological processes involved The tourism industry requires the use of online promotions to advertise tourist attraction sites. The use of e-marketing has been applied to attract tourists from the global market. The appropriate market structure The industry has a perfect competitive market structure. This is because there are few barriers of entry and exit, and homogenous products. The forces of demand and supply determine the market prices in the industry. This shows that the market equilibrium is determined by the forces of supply and demand (Ferrell, and Hartline, 238). The shape of the demand curve Source: Author The critical factors influencing demand The critical factors that influence demand in the market are security, attractive sites and the global image of the sites. In addition, security is an important factor that affects the demand of tourist attraction sites. Tourists fear places where there is a high crime rate or countries experiencing terrorism activities. The global image of a country with tourist attraction sites also determines the demand. There are countries which are famous for offering the best services, and they are preferred by most clients. The shape of the supply curve Source: Author Firms in the industry set prices The firms in the industry set their own prices. The prices are determined by the popularity of a certain tourist destination. The firms set prices depending on the level of demand. There are no restrictions on setting prices in the industry. Customers in the industry are willing to pay a premium price for the firms offering the b
Introduction In the social world, the classification of sociologist theories occurs in a close relation to the presentation of the social structures and actions. The social references relate to the self-concepts of the system or to the individualism. First, the action and symbolic interactions theory indicates that the social actions cause the existence of a social relationship between the society and social systems. On the other hand, the functionalism and structuralism indicates the importance of the manipulative pressure of the social arrangement on the individual actions and thinking. Concept of the self, in the social world What is a self-concept? Self-concept is the definition of individual concept of existence for instance as a parent, tutor or college student. The self-concept assists people to come up with and utilize schema as mental templates for organizing the reasons for living and other aspects of the world. According to Klandermans and Roggeband (2009), self-schema is the personage believes about an individual that assists in organizing and guiding the procedures of processing information that is relevant to an individual. Self-schema controls how individuals perceive, remember, and evaluate the personal traits and perception of others. Socially the concept of self-schema influences how people thing and relate. For instance if one had a thought of self-intelligence, doe it affect the relationship to others? The thought alters the individual perception. Considering the existence of self intelligence makes one to notice the intelligence on others, have a better response to inquiries that triggers one’s knowledge base and assist one to welcome information that is consistent with individual’s schema. Schema assists one to have a self-reference (Schutt, 2006). What is the effect of a self-reference? The concept of possessing a self-reference assists in forming a habit of processing information efficiently and remembering the information that relates well to one’s personality. The ability to have a self-reference influences the thinking process by assisting one to remember relevant information, which assists in focusing on oneself. The individual trait is the main player displaying on a particular lifestyle. Self-reference also assist one to overestimate other’s views because of the assumptions that they are evaluating him/her. However, people forget quickly or fail to notice the social mistakes, emotions or mental slips that one may make. Others easily forget what one seems to agonize over for a while. Self-esteem (SE) in the social world In Line with Ballantine and Roberts (2008), Self-esteem is the estimate or consideration of self-worthiness. It is the sum of all self-schemas, which assists people in finding the individual perceptions, personalities, temperaments or traits. Are we interesting, bo
Studies show that people misuse drugs because of a number of reasons that are yet to be identified, but the costs paid are very high. This implies that the outcomes of drug abuse are critical to the society. It is identified that drug abuse is dangerous to an individual’s life, particularly in terms of behaviour because it affects an individual’s interaction and relationships in society. A strong connection between crime and substance abuse exist meaning that misuse of drugs is a major cause of social crimes, such as robbery, rape, carjacking, and aggravated assault. Generating an effective treatment plan that would resolve issues affecting a drug addict is always an uphill task that many counsellors are yet to come into terms with. In this regard, it is proven through research that the best prevention and intervention strategy is applicable at childhood and adolescence whereby the young people are educated on the dangers of drug abuse. A 2010 national report on housing survey in the United States established that over 22 million people in the United States utilize drugs on daily basis (Murphy, 2008). A further study revealed that over seven percent of American teenagers are binge drinkers. A number of factors influence individuals to utilize drugs. In the case of Lisa, drug abuse affects her behaviour greatly because it endangers the lives of other people. She threatens her marriage partner with a knife whenever she is under the influence of an illicit drug. The behaviour of her father and her early childhood experiences affected her behaviour tremendously. In the case of Lisa, her family background is to blame for her current tribulations. It is reported that she is a Mexican heterosexual with two children aged eight years, yet her behaviour does not match those of an ordinary mother. She was exposed to drug abuse at a very tender age of twelve. Even though she no longer uses lethal drugs, such as cocaine, she is addicted to some drugs, which has considerably affected her behaviour. Her family was poor and live
This rhetorical letter is to pass across my view and arguments on the use of staff training as a solution to workplace bullying at our organization. I am an occupational health nurse, and I have worked in the field for 10 years. I have observed and done experiments on workplace bullying at our organization that led to the need of coming up with ways to deal with the issue. Workplace bullying has a prevalence of 35% in the USA (Field, 2010). Workers who experience bullying are usually less productive, and this affects the overall performance of the organization. Workplace related stress may result in stress-related diseases like hypertension and peptic ulcer. It is unfair for an employee to make his colleagues develop these conditions as some of them are life-threatening and chronic. Staff training on issues regarding bullying is necessary. Most of the staff who are bullied are not aware they are being bullied, and even if they are aware, they do not know how to deal with it. Informing the people on modes of bullying will enable them to solve it as a problem well defined is half solved. Training will also equip staff on how to deal with bullying. This solution has been used in other organizations similar to ours like the Karen Hospital and it has been proved to be very effective. Therefore, the solution must be implemented urgently. In as much as the solution has been shown to work, the management should explore other solutions that can be used hand in hand with staff training. These other solutions can include punishing perpetrators of bullying. Thank you. Analysis The letter gives a clear introduction of its role in the first paragraph and the process it appeals to ethos. The writer is an occupational health nurse addressing an occupational health issue of bullying. The writer has 10 years’ experience in the field and has done a lot of re
Marketing is a rather critical concept for Dupont Pioneer because it needs to raise awareness about its products and services. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with several SMART objectives intended to organize the movement and establish the direction in which the organization has to go. The organization reviewed within the framework of this paper is Dupont Pioneer. Several SMART objectives will be developed and the 5Ss will be used. Increase in Sales The first goal of high importance that should be reviewed by Dupont Pioneer is the attempt to increase sales. This SMART objective is expected to drive business and improve the financial state of the company. The very first thing that Dupont Pioneer is expecting to see is a flawless return on investment. This supposition means that the increase in sales will be triggered by efficient marketing strategies and will exceed the costs of the latter. The company will have to come up with a series of specific marketing subgoals if they are willing to promote their business. Here, the problem consists in the fact that merely stating an objective of increasing sales is not a sufficient measure within any given business framework. For instance, one of such specific objectives is to increase the sales among major companies operating in the seed industry by 15% by the end of 2017 (August 1 st – December 31 st ). Expand Merchandise Awareness The second SMART objective that is reviewed within the framework of this paper relates to the efforts that are made by the company in terms of expanding product awareness among all the types of customers. Dupont Pioneer should be interested in reviving the attention to their products and coming up with a vibrant slogan that may spark interest in the customers. Here, the driving factors are the customers’ attitude toward the company’s products and the possibilities to change the latter. Dupont Pioneer and its Russian department may also be interested in rolling out a campaign based on the slogan. In perspective, increasing merchandise awareness can become one of the factors that contribute to the improvement of the awareness rating of the company. This can be done both online and offline marketing. Offline -expanding of regions covered by AgroAcademies. Education of farmers showing methods of rising harvest with Pioneer hybrids. Online: going live with translations of AgroAcademies and other presentations on YouTube channel, promoting a website through AdWords, direct mailing of news, and invitations for the events. The timeline for this objective is the period from September 1 st to November 30 th . Brand Management The third SMART objective that is relevant within the framework of creating a digital marketing plan for Dupont Pi
Introduction The following is a discussion on how conflict among the leaders of Enron might or might not have changed the outcome of the largest bankruptcies in the history of United States. The essay explores the types of conflicts that exist within an organization and the role that they play in development of the organization. It examines the role of task and relationship conflicts as well as whether conflicts are beneficial to the group performance or not. The analysis focuses on research findings of the article and application of the findings in an organization. Jehn’s findings The research found out the role played by conflict in the performance of an organization. The research recognized that two types of conflicts exist within a group. The first type of conflict is the task or cognitive oriented conflict. This conflict arise out of disagreements on matters relating to responsibilities or job undertaken. They are usually not emotive but cognitive and the research focused on whether they have any effect on the performance of the employees. From the findings the researcher found out that, the effect of the performance depended on whether the task was a routine or non-routine. In case of non-routine task, the conflict resulted in high levels of performance and the higher the conflict the higher the level of performance. In the case of non routine task, the higher the conflict the lower the performance and vice versa as the conflict was attributed to cause distractions yet it did not improve the manner in which the work was done (Jehn 1995, 2) The other type of conflict discussed by Jehn is the relationship-oriented conflict. This type of conflict was personal and very emotive. They were necessitated by factors such as personality conflicts and ego conflicts. The research found that this type of conflict has a negative effect on the group and individual performance. When this kind of conflict arises, the individuals tended to develop a dislike for their group and they withdrew from the group. This kind of conflict had a negative effect on the group and individual performance. The relationship conflict proved to be detrimental to both the individual and the group on both type of tasks whether they were task routine or non-routine type of tasks (Jehn 1995, 4). Analysis of Enron Enron was one of the most successful companies of the 1990s’ with its share value amounting to ninety dollars per share. However, the success was short lived as within a year the shares traded at one dollar per share and the company soon became bankrupt and it was termed as one of the greatest bankruptcies of the United States of America. There are reasons that necessitated the company towards bankruptcy. The first one was th
Executive Summary This paper identifies Red Bull as a unique company that has demonstrated the ability to achieve success through innovative and unconventional ways. Its unique marketing strategy stands out as the hallmark of the company’s innovation. Through its market innovation, Red Bull has been able to maintain a dominant market position in the global energy drink market. Its expansion into Asia has however been incomplete because of the company’s minimal market presence in the region. This paper proposes a cautious market expansion into Japan through a joint venture with Oronamin-C. This plan (coupled with the company’s innovative market strategy) should provide an optimum market mix that sets Red Bull in a position to achieve significant success in Japan. Consequently, Red Bull should succeed in Japan. Introduction Red Bull has made a huge name in the world for its innovation. The product was initially an Asian product but an Austrian entrepreneur tailored it to suit the taste of the western market. Red bull’s development therefore emanated from a copyright transfer (from Thailand) that saw it transition into a carbonated drink with a strong western appeal. Many factors make Red Bull a popular energy drink; however, its market innovation sparks the interest of this paper. For example, Red Bull has shown strong market resilience in the wake of intense criticism (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). Indeed, Red bull has been able to transition from an unstable drink to a popular energy drink with global recognition. During the onset of the product launch (in Europe), there was a lot of opposition from health departments regarding the possible health effects of the drink. Consequently, the product received a poor reception in major European markets including France, Denmark, and Norway. In fact, in France, Red Bull (in its “natural” form) only gained acceptance in 2008 (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). Red Bull’s innovative attribute stems from its unconventional marketing strategy, which hinges on buzz marketing. At its launch, Red Bull had adopted conventional marketing strategies but its failure prompted a change of tact.The failure of the first marketing strategy dented the company’s financial well-being by $12 million (IBS Centre of Management Research 2). However, with the refocus on its unique marketing strategy, Red Bull became the envy of many beverage companies. Red Bull’s reliance on an unconventional marketing strategy defines this study’s interest because its sports-centred market strategy is innovative. Interestingly, the established cost of this innovation is lower than the conventional marketing costs adopted by other beverage companies. The main operational challenges for Red Bull stem from the lack of a patent for the company’s product formula. Consequently, many companies have used Red Bull’s secret ingredients to make rival products. In addition, Red Bull has received negative press for the potential medical risks its product poses (these risks are however in contention). Red Bull’s innovative market strategy bases its principles on the sale of a “lifestyle,” which is hinged on brand awareness. T
Introduction Pharmaceutical industry has been on the upward over the recent years. This attributes to the growing demand of pharmaceutical products because of changing lifestyles experienced in the modern life. Pharmaceutical industry has a responsibility of developing, producing and marketing of drugs licensed for medication purposes. It is the only body allowed in dealing with drugs having met the set conditions, which vary from country to country. This research paper will analyze the pharmaceutical industry based on its market size, research and development as well as regulation governing entry of new drug in the market. Market size and major players Global pharmaceutical market has been reporting an upward trend, which projects to continue over the coming years. Many researches done so far projects that the global pharmaceutical market will produce a total of more than a trillion dollars in its revenue for the year 2012. This is because of the changes that the pharmaceutical industry is undergoing leading to more growth than before. Some of the current changes in the pharmaceutical markets include the shifting growth from the developed markets, increased focus on biotech developed drugs and approval of new drugs (PRLOG, 2012). Some of the leading players who take nearly half of products in the market are Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi among others. The pharmaceutical expenditures are on the upward trend due to the pharmaceutical consumption experienced all over the world. The total number of pharmaceutical bills by 2007 was estimated to be USD 650 billion among the OECD countries accounting to 15 percent of the health spending. United States is the leading country in pharmaceutical expenditures per capita of $7,960 followed by Norway and Switzerland. Other leading countries include Netherlands, Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark and Austria respectively (OECD, 2012). Globalization plays an important role in the pharmaceuticals markets, which is worth mentioning. The states of the third world countries have improved because of globalization from direct participation worldwide. Globalization eases the integration of different countries in forming umbrella bodies with no trade barriers. This has necessitated the free movement of pharmaceutical products worldwide. It has created global competition among leading brands in the pharmaceutical industry due to movements and marketing by companies. It has enabled the pharmaceutical companies in the long-term planning as they look for business opportunities in some parts of the globe (Kesic, 2009). Research and development Research plays an important role of innovating new products, which meets the market demand. As world’s population grows day by day, so does the need for more innovations in solving the emerging problems. Frequent research and developments leads to new products in the market to be used in treating different illness experienced in daily life. There are a number of agencies which funds research and developments. In some cases, American federal meets the cost of research and developments of drugs in collabor
Nowadays, social entrepreneurship is one of the most effective methods to solve current societal problems. Its advantage over some other methods is explained by combining business skills with the desire to improve people’s lives. The former helps to bring innovations, and the latter – to use novel decisions for the benefit of others. It is explained by the fact that social entrepreneurs not only need to think about efficient money expenditure but also about ensuring revenues. Therefore, to better understand social entrepreneurship, this essay attempts to contrast this approach with other social movements and discuss which types of societal changes it can bring. Social entrepreneurship is similar to other methods that help address various community and environmental problems due to the leader’s responsibility to organize other people around certain ideas. However, on the one hand, it differs from the reformatory and revolutionary movements as social entrepreneurship rarely aims at changing the existing social structures. On the other hand, this approach differs from alternative and religious movements as it does not seek to change the attitudes and behaviors of overall society to achieve its goals. Therefore, considering the stages of the social problem, it is argued that the appearance of social entrepreneurship belongs to the alternative stage when people attempt to bring change outside of the system. Based on the aforementioned information, it can be hypothesized that social entrepreneurship can mostly affect changes that are not related to the social organization, such as initiating new laws and regulations and human attitudes and behaviors. Rather, this method can be effective in addressing the issues that do not necessitate big structural transformations. Therefore, social entrepreneurs can successfully fight poverty, racism, and local environmental problems, to name a few. In conclusion, it is necessary to mention that although social entrepreneurship is associated with micro-level attempts to change the world, I believe that it can cause macro-level improvements as well, even though it is difficult. For instance, through media communications, businessmen can significantly affect the cultural norms of society members. In this regard, the case of Weird Enough Productions can be a good example. Tony Weaver Jr. – the company creator – was very concerned about the lack of African American heroic figures in media; rather, black people were mostly represented negatively (Weaver, 2016). Therefore, the social entrepreneur decided to initiate a company that would create comics about heroes who belong to some minority groups.