ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Lottery , a 1948 short story by Shirley Jackson, developed the themes of adherence to meaningless traditions, parenting and scapegoating. The broad aftermath and the negative responses of the readers who did not see the line between fiction and reality prove that the plot of the short story The Lottery by Jackson reflects the real problems of the modern community. The plot of the story depicts a two hours lottery in a small town which finishes with a ritualistic death ceremony of stoning the unlucky participant as a sacrifice for ensuring a better harvest. At the beginning of the short story, the village children walk around collecting stones. Mr. Summers who runs the lottery mixes the slips of paper in a black box, checks if everyone is in place and invites the heads of the families to draw the papers. When it clears out that Bill Hutchinson gets the unlucky slip, his wife Tessie starts protesting saying that her husband had not enough time for making his choice and the lottery is not fair. Then, each member of the Hutchinsons family selects a slip of paper, and Tessie draws a slip with a black dot on it. Then, the villagers throw their stones into Tessie as a part of their death ritual. The fact that Tessie does not question the rite itself, but protests against the choice of her family emphasizes the idea of adherence to tradition as the major theme of the short story. The rite is regarded as sacred and the idea of doubting it does not occur to anybody. When Mrs. Adams admits that the ritual of the lottery has already been abandoned in other villages, Warner as the eldest man in this community answers that giving up the rite can cause only troubles. “Next thing you know, they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves” (Jackson 14). Justifying the death ritual with the fact that the lottery has been always held in the village previously, Jackson discloses the theme of parenting when in one of the final episodes, a woman puts a stone into a child’s hand, fostering the tradition of violence and lotteries searching for the scapegoats to be stoned. Regardless of the indignation raising in the readers’ minds, after decoding the symbolic meaning of the depicted lottery rite, everyone can recollect the situations from personal experience and world’s history in which modern the community selects a scapegoat to be discriminated. For instance, the Nazis scapegoated the Jewish people, proclaiming them the reason of their troubles. Regardless of the current societal progress, modern people frequently scapegoat sexual and ethnical minorities, blaming them for the current moral decay and other social problems. The social phenomenon of scapegoating is rooted deep in public consciousness and tradition according to which the dominating social group looks for the opportunities of self-affirmation and shifting the responsibility for their problems on the others. Though the ritual of stoning to death has certain historical basis, its meaning is rather symbolical and should not be taken literally by modern readers. The examples of scapegoa
Symptom and Reflection Paper Everyone has moments of excitement, talkativeness episodes, generosity, or irritability. These moods normally stand out in a definite period. However, people suffering from mania have hyperbolic moods and thus they are isolated and locked out of conventional relationships; hence, such people are abnormal people. Mania is the DSM disorder symptom of my choice for this paper. I had invited friends to our home to watch a football match. They arrived early enough and we had normal conversations before the match. One of the teams was my favorite team playing against another minor team at the bottom of the league standing. My favorite team scored as expected, but I did not celebrate with my friends. It was difficult to act this part, but given that I had already premeditated on it, the acting was successful. My friends noticed that I was depressed, but they could not tell why I was depressed. When our team scored the second goal, I celebrated with my friends, but I exaggerated the celebrations. I celebrated for 30 seconds beyond my friends. At this point, they thought that I was going crazy and all they could do was to stare at me in bewilderment. After the match, I did not even ask my friends to share their thoughts concerning my behavior because they immediately demanded an explanation of my weird behavior and I gave an explanation. After the game, I bid my friends farewell and continued to act this symptom, but this time in the family set-up. I expressed another symptom of mania by speaking rapidly and louder than normal when conversing with a family member. However, I made sure that I maintained a normal personality and outlook during my one-hour ordeal during dinner. I had chosen to express this symptom during dinner for we share the same table and I was certain that my family members would notice my behavior. My behavior was strange to them for I had never acted that way before. My mother would occasionally inquire, “Are you okay?” and because I maintained a normal outlook, I would answer in the affirmative. “Why then are you talking that way?” At this point, I would pretend to be unaware of the existence of any strange behavior on my part. My dad also noticed the strange behavior in my speech, but he did not say anything hopefully looking forward to getting an answer to incase I responded to my mum’s questions. My two younger siblings as well noticed the strangeness, but they merely enjoyed it and would occasionally burst into sudden laughter. After the episode, I explained to my mum because I knew that she would understand and explain to the rest of the family members that it was a psychological academic practical. The experience of acting mania symptoms when with my friends and family taught me that people who know us even when we are not aware of it recognize our behaviors. When we deviate from our normal behaviors, the people around us quickly notice the differences and respond differently about the relationship we have with them. Normal behavior free of DSM disorders is significant in society
The proposed PICOT intervention is aimed at ICU populations suffering from bowel and urinary incontinence. BUI is a frequently-occurring condition, especially in ICU and long-term care patients, which does not receive the appropriate amount of acknowledgment in the ICU community (Aguiar & Franco, 2018). The intervention itself is an information-based campaign aimed at providing nurses with updated knowledge on BUI, its effects on the hospital system, potential infections, and unfavorable patient outcomes. The timeline for the intervention is 12 months. Measurable outcomes for the intervention are proposed as follows (Danielis et al., 2020):   * Improved knowledge in nurses working in the ICU. The working levels of knowledge will be measured prior to and after the intervention. Increased knowledge is associated with better quality of care and higher levels of dedication.   * Improved quality of care. Quality of care can be measured in subjective (based on patient reviews) and objective ways (specialist review). It is associated with better patient outcomes.   * Reduced rehospitalization rates. Overall ICU rehospitalization rates could be compared with the numbers prior to the intervention. As a result, it would be made clear whether they were reduced or not (Brown et al., 2019).   * Reduced hospital-acquired infection rates. This measurable outcome is associated with reduced quality of care and low levels of nursing knowledge. Should there be improvements in the two mentioned parameters, HAI rates are expected to go down as well. Each of these outcomes could be measured quantitatively and analyzed using statistical methods. Therefore, they could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, due to their direct connection with patient-centered outcomes and improved quality of life.
Ecological policy The policy was put in place to restrict the utilization of natural resources and activities that result in extinction of endangered plants and animals. Concerning the proposed drilling project, the exact method to be used poses an environmental risk because the mixture of water, sand and corrosive chemicals would flow along an underground water table and thus enter the Ocean. The highly corrosive and radioactive chemicals would cause threats to aquatic life. The proponents would argue against that by indicating the fact that deposition of these chemicals would not cause direct threats to the ecosystem (Recent News on Natural Gas Drilling, 2013). Efficiency policy the US efficiency policy was established to guide the utilization of the country’s resources in a sustainable manner. That is, without incurring economic and environmental losses. Concerning the controversy, the drilling would help reduce the country’s dependency on imported Oil. It would also serve as an alternative source of energy and would help reduce carbon emission thus help reduce the climate change and its effects. Proponents would argue that it would help reduce the cost of life and help reduce global warming (Recent News on Natural Gas Drilling, 2013). Safety policy in general, the safety policy is about creating a safe country from diseases, poison and any other activity that brings harm to its Citizens. Concerning the controversy, drilling the natural gas would help reduce health risks associated with pollution of Land, air and water through Oil purification processes. Proponents would argue that the project enhances safety standards (Recent News on Natural Gas Drilling, 2013). Cost benefit analysis Costs: the cost of hiring the required number of skilled engineers and the machinery for the project is huge. If the project becomes a success, the country’s dependency on Oil would reduce. The situation could weaken the existing good relationship between the United States and its Oil suppliers thus promote terrorist attack. That is an example of a negative external costs associated with drilling. The costs associated with the drilling are not borne equally by all US Citizens (Goodstein, 2010). Benefits: the major consumers of the gas would be the US citizens. The US government would reap revenues in the form of tax. The surplus would earn foreign exchange to the government through export. The facility would create employment opportunities for those living in New York City and its surroundings. Shareholders of this project would benefit more thus resulting in an unequal income distribution (Goodstein, 2010). (C): The measurement problem that might hamper the cost-benefit analysis of the project is the alignment of buffer areas and the drilling path. There is a possibility of destabilizing the dams and water tunnels and thus creating a hindrance (Independent Oil and Gas Association, n.d.). (D): The use of a lower discount rate in estimating drilling costs would provide an overstated estimate. On the other hand, the use of a higher discount rate would present an understated estimation. The cost of the pr
Abstract Buildings and components require mechanical and electrical systems to be safe (Janis 2008). An electrical system is a utility that supplies electricity to the required components and equipment within a building. The system is made up of connections of several equipments integrated within the building structure. When there is no electricity from the mains, solar energy can power the electrical system (Gevorkian, 2010). A solar system comprises of solar panels, inverters, and batteries. The solar energy is converted to electricity with the help of an inverter. On the other hand, mechanical system plays an important role in the provision of various services. Mechanical systems are responsible for the running of elevators, lifts, plumbing, heating, and air conditioners. Introduction Over time, mechanical and electrical requirements have varied because of advances in technology. Building structures built in the last 20 years do not have the same requirements as the current buildings. Equally, the future’s buildings will have different designs. An industrial building design differs from both the residential and business. The differences are attributed to the mechanical and electrical requirements. Therefore, architects and engineers should work together in ensuring that both mechanical and electrical systems are properly installed to meet the required standards. Importance of electrical and mechanical systems There are several benefits of electrical systems in a building and its components. A number of equipments within a building depend on electricity for their operations. The sources of energy could be either solar energy or electricity from the mains (Hestnes & Hastings, 2013). An electrical system comprises of connections of several equipments integrated within the building structure. In a building, numerous devices form part of an electrical system. The devices might include lighting bulbs, heaters, fans, switches, generators, transformer, electric cables, sockets, batteries, inverter, and solar panels. Electrical system provides the power needed to light the building during the day and night. Lighting system plays a crucial role in enhancing security at nights. Security guards require lighting systems for proper surveillance. Equally, the operation of CCTV requires power. Therefore, the installation of electrical systems is very important in buildings. Other devices and components that require electrical systems are heaters and fans. The proper functioning of air conditioners provides an appropriate working environment within the building. Generators can be used as a power backup supply to the critical equipments within a building. For instance, the functioning of elevators and lifts within a building require electricity without any interruptions. In addition, other devices such as computers require power at all times. The computers used in control of lifts, security control rooms, closed circuit television need to be powered
Introduction In the world of business nothing limits the quest of stakeholders in venturing into satellite businesses which are either related or not. The extent of diversification is unlimited hence; some businesses are broadly diversified while others are not. The degree of diversification apart, the worthwhile of the venture is what matters. Companies branch out with an aim of increasing revenues to enable them to grow. However, at times, like the case of Sara Lee Corporation, may eventuate in low revenues and as such, stakeholders need to strategize and come up with a blueprint of rejuvenating a business. With that respect, Thompson, in his six steps of evaluation of the performance of a company sheds light on how one can evaluate and strategize thus reversing the downward trend of a company. In order to comprehend the case of Sara Lee Corporation and hence evaluate the successfulness of its retrenchment initiatives, a synopsis through the company’s history briefly highlights the major talking points. Sara Lee Corporation is a multifaceted business venture that incorporates diverse businesses that range from foodstuffs to non foodstuff products. Over the years though, the company has been grappling with the idea of increasing its revenues through acquisition and, to a lesser extent through divestiture realizing insignificant change. However, the year 2005 which saw the appointment of one Brenda Barnes as the CEO marked the turning point of the company. With his ambitious plan to further curtail the broad business venture such that they concentrate on household, beverage and food did transform the company big time. Even though this would initially decrease the revenue by $7.2 billion, it was projected that the long term benefits will see this translate to revenue gains. As such, to be specific, it was projected tha
Introduction The issue observed in the area of the Australian superannuation has a comprehensive economic and social importance for the whole country and especially for the life of senior citizens in it: “In Australia, superannuation funds are a major source of capital for the development of the economy with assets of around AUD 1 trillion and growing rapidly” (Evans, 2008). Thus, being one of the main economic development factors, superannuation demands great attention and care from the authorities and the society as a whole. The recent superannuation trends are, however, far from positive and optimistic as according to the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (2007; 2008; 2009), the total superannuation assets have been on the steady decrease beginning from 2007, when the superannuation assets reported 15.4% increase for the last time. Thus, by December 2008 the superannuation assets decreased by 7.6% to amount to $1.05 trillion, while the next twelve months saw the total decrease of the assets by 14.8%. Further on, 2009 brought another decrease wave that reached 10.8% level and cut the superannuation assets to $1.03 trillion as estimated for the second quarter of 2009 (APRA, 2009). All these factors provoke an enquiry about the causes of such assets decrease, and the explanations to this might be found in the history, structure, and recent developments of the Australian superannuation system. Australian Superannuation System History The very beginning of the history of superannuation in Australia dates back to 1980s when the country experienced the generations’ shift similar to the one that is now taking place in Australia according to Deloitte (2009). The same issues were observed in the number of other countries but Asutralia adopted the experience of the United Kingdom, where the pension scheme issues were solved by the superannuation in the late 1980s: “In the 1980s Australia faced the same dilemma as Britain – an ageing population, too few people saving and a state pension withering on the vine. Less than half the population, especially women and minorities, were part of a company pension scheme” (Collinson, 2004). The essence of the system of superannuation lies in the accumulation of incomes during one’s working life so that after retirement of this person could have acceptable finance for living: “Superannuation (otherwise known as super) is a way of saving money to provide benefits for when you retire, if you become an invalid, or your beneficiaries upon your death” (Australian Taxation Office, 2009). A
Introduction The online social network has revolutionised the concept of marketing. As a result of this, many companies are increasing their presence on the internet (Taylor 2013, p. 14). It is important to note that the main objective of any organisation is to make more money. Increased presence on the internet is one of the strategies used by contemporary organisations to increase their earnings. In this paper, the author examines the various ways through which organisations can use social networking platforms on the internet as a source of revenue. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the author will make use of two companies that have succeeded in monetising their presence in social media networks. The success of the two companies can be traced to their exploitation of their online presence. They have used the online platform to market themselves and increase their customer base. The report focuses on The Washington Post and the New York Jets as the preferred case studies. The author of this report has an in-depth understanding of the two organisations. They have intentions of furthering their career in either of the two organisations, possibly as a consultant. In the opinion of Safko and Brake (2012, p. 7), the internet is characterised by various platforms through which social networking is propagated. Some the avenues that are examined in this report include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Pinterest. According to Loposer and Buck (2012, p. 87), social networking is the future of marketing. To this end, this report examines the organisations’ social activities and their respective success in endeavours to exploit the platform. In addition, the report examines structures set up by the two organisations in a bid to understand the amount of resources required to support social networking growth. The report looks at some of the activities through which the organisations use social networking channels. How Organisations Monetise their Presence on Online Social Networking Sites Overview According to Kerpen (2011, p. 43), it is possible for a company to use social network platforms to generate revenue. Many organisations in contemporary world have already discovered this. Based on the two case studies mentioned above, this report examines the various monetisation processes adopted by the two organisations. The manner in which presence on social media is monetised relies on a company’s brand and its awareness among the clients (Sterne 2010, p. 33). The Washington Post Current social activities and their success The Washington Post is a leading news agency in the United States of America (The Official Board 2013, par. 1). Similar to other publishing outlets, the organisation has decided to embrace the digital revolution (Grove 2011, par. 5). The recent changes in the company’s management have spurred a shift in its core operations. The change explains the company’s shift to