ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Marketing science entails the creation of marketing solutions through the use of scientific methods and this can either work for or against a brand. It leads to the promotion of certain brands at the expense of other competing ones. In marketing science, attention is not given to a particular brand. Instead, generalizations are made and fixed procedures are followed regardless of specific brand needs. Kodak is an example of a brand that has been negatively affected by marketing science. The test score obtained in marketing science can be misleading if not well interpreted or if an inappropriate sample is used which might work against a brand. It also requires a lot of research which can be both time and money consuming. This may necessitate an increase in the price of the brand above that of other competing brands and consequently lower the market share. Although it advocates for some product differentiation, research has shown that for a brand to be widely accepted in the market, it should not be so very different from other related brands. The advantages of marketing science to a brand is that it creates recognition of a specific brand and if well implemented, it can help attract new customers while at the same time retaining old ones. It also helps in utilization of resources of a marketing department and no money is spent on marketing without prior research being conducted. Through marketing science, the time spent to spread awareness about a brand is significantly reduced. Targeted sales levels for the brand are therefore realized within a short period of time (Czinkota & Ronkainen 2007,559). Communication models Communication models are important tools in marketing as they can either make or break a brand. Different models have different ways of image creation about a product in the minds of consumers. The communication models used in marketing a product include the AIDAS model, model of Joyee, DAGMAR model, heightened appreciation model and the levidge and steiner model. Different organizations adopt different communication models each of which has different stages in the marketing of a product. Air Deccan for example used the AIDAS model whose steps include attracting the attention of customers, creating an interest in the product, determining the opinion of the customer, leading the customer to desire the product, encouraging them to purchase and ultimately having the customer derive satisfaction from the product (Taylor 2004, 144). In the model of Joyee, the marketer concentrates on consumer attitudes, advertising and the customer’s behavior in marking purchases. Through this model, advertising is used to positively influence the attitude of customers regarding a product. This is however not easy because different people are likely to interpret the same advertisement differently. Advertising is therefore used as the main tool of communica
Introduction Everyone experiences or witnesses racism at some point in life. Race is not a biological categorisation, but is rather an artificial grouping of persons based on social constructions. Racial classification has little to do with scientifically certifiable facts such as genetics (Doane 2006). On the contrary, races are classified according to the way societies conceive certain ideas, faces, skin colour, practices, and certain cultures. Though racism is a global dilemma, young Australians are particularly faced with this problem due to the diverse nature of Australia’s population. How different young Australians experience racism According to a study conducted by the Foundation for Young Australians (FYA) on racism and its impact on young Australians, 70% of students in secondary schools within Australia report having contact with racist confrontation frequently (Mansouri et al. 2009). Many young Australians face racism in school. This kind of racism takes several forms ranging from provocative slang names to certain racist jibes and stereotypes. Racism in Australian schools also takes the form of exclusion from certain activities or groups based on race or ethnicity. Young migrants who have lived in Australia for a short period (four to five years) are more predisposed to racism than those born in the country (Mansouri et al. 2009). They are closely followed in their predisposition to racism by second or third generation migrants. Young female migrants are more likely to face racism than their male counterparts. This vulnerability is closely linked to the already existent gender disparities. However, racist experiences are not a confine of a specific group (Pruitt 2013). This is particularly evident when looking at racism in a broad context. For instance, more than fifty percent of young Anglo-Australian population is regularly confronted with racist experiences. The FYA reports that cases of racism are more rampant among older students in schools than those aged between seven and eight years (Mansouri et al. 2009). This indicates that attitudes and tendencies towards racism are acquired as students grow and interact. Racist exposure reduces the victim’s self-confidence. Students who have experienced racism may get the impression that the culture to which they subscribe is not valued. This negatively impacts their degrees of self-esteem and encourages feelings of worthlessness. Exposure to racism at this critical stage in the psychological development of the victims may cause the victims to feel the need to distance themselves from their own cultures, values, norms, and languages. From the ridicule they experience by being associated
Assess the positive and negative factors in Turkey’s case for EU membership Introduction Turkey’s case for EU membership is a welcome move that will help benefit the country in many ways. However, it must be noted that the move also has it shortfalls. The disadvantages are not only economical or social, but also political. Some of the advantages and disadvantages are discussed below. Economic Advantages There will be increased market for locally manufactured goods. By joining the EU, Turkey will enjoy membership benefits such as tax exemption and preferential treatment for its products from member countries. Such opportunities will increase its earnings from export on its textile products. With a home market that already totals to 70 million people, the additional market provided by members will help increase economic growth. As compared to other EU members, Turkey has the highest birth rate of 2.5%. By joining the EU, Turkey will be able to sell its human labour to other member countries hence reducing unemployment level and consequently increasing standard of life of its people. The ploughed back earnings from the employed people will also help boost its gross domestic earnings and economic growth. Increase in tourism activities will be another advantage. Turkey has some of the most magnificent tourist attractions around the world. It also has a very rich cultural background which most Europeans seek in Africa. By joining the EU, Turkey will be opening its beautiful white sand beaches, the house of the Virgin Mary and many other attractions to its members which will increase it income earnings. Use of one currency in trade, the euro, will make transactions easier. Businesspersons from Turkey will not have to worry about exchange rates in their daily business operations. Gain of technological knowledge. Turkey will be able to gain from the member states new technological inventions and research which will help further it economic growth which is already above 6.8% annually. Socio-cultural advantages Although Turkey has a very rich cultural background, joining the EU will still enrich and diversify their culture as a nation as people from member states will be interacting more freely with one another. These cultural exchanges will take place through education exchange programme and intermarriages. It will also promote peace among members which could in turn spread to other countries leading to a peaceful universe. Countries in one union do not wage war against each other. Political advantages By joining the EU, Turkey will be opening a good political relationship with other EU member countries such as France which its president Sarkozy is not in favour of Turkey joining the EU. Turkey may also benefit from members military support in case of any attacks. Disadvantages of Turkey Joining the EU Turkey’s decision to join the EU could face economic challenges such as dumping. Since Turkey is the least developed of the EU members, low quality goods from other member countries could be dumped there.
Being a leader is often viewed for some reason as a form of talent and an intrinsic ability that some people have an aptitude for developing. The “Emerging Leaders” course was a real eye-opener to me as it showed that the assumption of leadership qualities being inherent is entirely wrong and that, with due care and effort, a leader’s skills can be fostered in literally anyone. Shedding a lot of light on the types of approaches to leadership, the attitude that a true leader must assume, and a range of other crucial pieces of information, the course served as the premises for designing my own unique leadership approach and building the foundation for personal and professional growth. Every day opened with a piece of new information about the secrets of efficient leadership. The lecture about authentic leaders, which was quite appropriately provided on the very first day of the course, helped get the priorities straight by detailing the specifics of proper relationships between a leader and a team. Particularly, the emphasis on clarity and honesty as the foundation for building successful and trustworthy relationships with the participants was crucial to developing an understanding of what a true leader represents. Learning about the existing taxonomy of leadership styles was also quite exciting, and it gave a lot of food for thoughts. Particularly, the description of the existing leadership approaches led me to think that using only one of them in any situation does not seem reasonable. Instead, a true leader must have the flexibility that will help them design a unique framework that will help address a specific problem successfully and lead the team to victory. The significance of networking detailed during one of the lectures prompted the idea of using modern technological advances as the means of enhancing communication and retrieving feedback successfully. The course sheds a lot of light on the need to take the opinions of the staff members seriously and create an environment in which the employees’ satisfaction rates could rise consistently. With the information about the factors that promote and inhibit the team’s enthusiasm, a leader will be capable of designing the perfect background for productive work. Finally, the significance of negotiations and the description of the negotiation strategies helped determine the approach that seems the most sensible in the contemporary business environment. Particularly, the importance of compromising became obvious. When considering the topics and ideas that impressed me to the greatest degree, I must mention the concept of networking. Although seemingly simple, the subject matter raises a range of questions about the leader’s work organization. For instance, the ideas brought up during the lecture made me wonder what tools a leader should use to encourage the participants to network successfully. Additionally, the digital devices that will have to be incorporated into the network system need further study as the opportunities that the concept of networking offers are truly limitless. Finally, the issue of information security and da
Alcoholics Anonymous is an organization based on mutual help that has around 1 million members not just in the United States, but in other countries. This organization claims that it has great effect in terms of fostering and maintaining recovery in alcoholics. It is known, that the general population is skeptical towards understanding this organization’s nature and how it can have any effect on the problem. The main principle of the psychological treatment is the 12-step program, which has also been adapted for treating various other addictions: smoking, gambling, eating, and sex. Mankind possesses a huge experience of alcohol abuse. For many centuries, even when people drank only wine, the detrimental influence of alcohol on the individual psyche, as well as on the morally ethical condition of the society was noted. In the past and present artistic and medical literature, and also in today’s movies the condition of alcoholic intoxication was made equivalent to madness. Concerning alcoholic addicts, different measures were taken. They were sometimes pretty cruel: the drinkers were expatriated from communities, and subjected to various bodily punishments, or even death. These harsh measures were used by the society in order to protect itself from dissemination of alcoholism that had a tendency to disrupt all rational interpersonal relations. Emphatically, such cruel measures were given up for much more humane methods of battling alcoholism, as approximately in the middle of the 19 th century it was for the first time addressed as a medical condition, which implied that different medical treatment methods were needed in order to fight this disease. However the implemented measures did not bring to desired results yet, as the dissemination of alcoholism is not decreasing, but has a tendency to rise. This can be observed from the number of alcoholic patients who have appealed to substance abuse professionals and psychiatrists in order to seek medical assistance. Besides, the majority of alcoholics do not turn for professional help. This fact is associated with high permissiveness of society towards this problem, as well as negative attitude of the population towards alcoholic therapists. Nevertheless it is quite difficult to distinguish alcoholism as a disease from ordinary inebriety. Alcohol is an easily acquired by almost anybody. It is used by two out of three Americans over 18 year of age. This number adds up to about 120 million, and most of them believe that their right to drinking is as inherent as the right to life, pursuit of happiness, and liberty. Many Americans are being encouraged to drink, as a lot of business depends on selling of alcohol. It is estimated by the Nat
Burger King is a multinational corporation that was established in 1954 with its headquarters in Miami. The company boasts as the second largest company operating fast food chain after the McDonalds Company. In addition, the firm has realized massive opening out of its operations in over seventy nations. Over the years, the company has continuously stressed on diverse points of strategies that have seen Burger King achieve increased competitive advantage over its competitors. Further, Burger King has seen steady growth in sales and revenues over the years because of the location of its head office. In fact, the bulk of Burger King’s clients originate from the Caribbean and Latin America. In essence, through Miami headquarters, the organization has seen increased expansion in sales, recognition and increased brand image across the globe. Business Operations Burger King’s close to seventy-five percent of the operations are majorly carried out in the US and Canada exhibited by the location of its restaurants and incomes. The company should continue with most of its operations and thus should not change the relationship. In fact, the company has many of its clients in these countries due to the presence of large population. Further, the company has developed more reputation among the masses in these countries thereby attracting an increasing number of clients who purchase the products. Moreover, the other markets in which the firm operates have low populations who purchase its products. Burger King Company has been able to achieve enhanced competitiveness of its products and services in the global arena through the efficient synchronization of variety of innovative techniques as well as the incorporation of numerous flow of expertise. Just to begin with, the firm’s ability to offer distinct and strong trademark has enabled the augmented competitive advantage over its rivals. For instance, the corporate adoption of flamed broiled technique as opposed to grills as well as preparing the hamburgers as per customer requirements through the “have it your way” theme ensure satisfaction among the buyers of purchasing healthy products. Further, the strategies enhance the customers feel towards the company’s brands. The company’s focus on customers through entering into franchise with other companies is another key competency of Burger King in gaining competitive benefits (Daniels et al., 2011). Through franchising, the corporate is able to modify its products to ensemble the needs of customers from diverse backgrounds thereby ensuring increase in sales of the products. The corporation’s systematic approach towards configuring and coordinating its value chain entails operations in the nations whose populaces are high such as India and Pakistan as well as having large inclination towards intake of beef. In addition, the corporation coordinates its value chain through going into franchise with the local companies to sustain its expansion globally (Bell et al., 2004). Moreover, firm has been able to learn from the mistakes of other companies an
Status Evaluation The project is 24% complete, with the full execution of the first 3 key milestones, which comprise both the project commencement meeting and approval of the required business documents. Other deliverables achieved include the implementation of modules 1 and 2. However, the project experiences some factors that may negatively affect the process of its execution. These problems consist of the resignation of the overall project manager, who was tasked with the monitoring of the program implementation process. The absence of the leader leads to the slow progress of project activities. The continuation of the task was also slower than expected, due to the changes in requirements by the users. A lack of an established communication channel, implementation, and risk management plans were crucial hitches. Project Analysis The Impact of Scope Creep The user requirements keep changing, and this interferes with the adherence to the project plan that was prepared initially (Aaltola, 2017). Therefore, information regarding the preferences of the users should be gathered before the succeeding stage of project execution, such that the needs may be incorporated into the existing project schedule. The Significance of the Baseline The project exceeded the budgeted cost by 20%, hence the supervision team has to source the required funds or stop the execution of the project (European Union, 2018). The management group should have collected all the information regarding the actual cost, before preparing the final budget (Aaltola, 2017). Programming was also delayed, and this could have been prevented by first establishing the interface requirements. The Impact of Baseline Change The alteration of the baseline could cause the amendment of the whole project plan and incorporate the new resource requirements (World Bank Group, 2015). This would also lead to an adjustment of the budget, hence delays in project completion. Estimated vs. Actual Costs The estimated cost of the project was lesson 20% of the actual cost. This could be avoided by having identified all the project requirements and their associated costs and then a supplementary budget should have been incorporated (World Bank Group, 2015). Forecasting Assumptions that Guide the Forecasting The forecasting assumes that the project timeline and resources are not adjusted (Aaltola, 2017). Another supposition is that the milestones and deliverables are maintained. Projected End Date of the Project The projected end date would be extended due to insufficient funds (Aaltola, 2017). Inefficient management and poor communication would also lead to the extension of the completion date. Cost to Complete the Project Project completion cost would be higher than the initial, due to the addition of new program features and other project requirements (World Bank Group, 2015). The time extension is also associated with an additional cost. Forecasted Overrun at Completion The project is likely to end later than expected, with a financial overrun of 20% or more. Extra resources will be ordered to ensure the conti
Introduction The government reluctance is the greatest contribution to the problems facing the United States in terms of the Health Care System. The U.S. is the only significant industrialized nation without universal health insurance. The consequences are increasingly well known – inequities in terms of care, mortality (avoidable) and substandard care, burdens of finance on those not insured, and poor productivity. The US spends two times as much, as an average industrialized nation, but does not systematically achieve the best care. As many people do, I think the healthcare system in America has serious problems, and if care is not taken, these problems will form part of American life. The problems lie with the government, healthcare providers, and to a lesser extent, the general public i.e., the recipients of healthcare. Doctors are being discouraged from effectively doing their jobs due to the mounting number of lawsuits being filed against them day by day. A doctor will workday and night to rescue a patient’s life, but a small blunder in the line of duty may make the family of the patient sue for damages. It is so unfortunate that they do not see the effort that the doctor made but rather, cling to the fact that the doctor was not able to cure their loved one. These among others are the main factors discouraging doctors from working to their capacity. There are solutions to these problems that I have suggested below. It is not to say that the suggested solutions are 100% effective, but once considered, they could be in the right direction towards improving healthcare in the United States. The millions of uninsured Americans Some Americans are ineligible to apply for government-provided insurance. More often than not, this same group is unemployed and thus cannot benefit from the insurance offered by the employer. These people, therefore, are left to cater for themselves medically and usually go without medical insurance – resulting in tragic consequences should a medical catastrophe strike. (Sultz & Young, 2010). Figures vary. It is estimated that between 15% and 29% of Americans are without insurance (American Census Bureau). Figures by the Census Bureau in the U.S illustrate that of the uninsured (estimated to be around 46 million) 36 million are American citizens while the other 10 million are non-citizens. The global financial crisis of 2008 saw more than 2 million Americans lose their health insurance policies and had to apply for Medicaid. Uninsured Americans do not get their healthcare for free. In 2008, they had to pay $30 billion to cater for medical expenses (health care) as noted by Jack Hadley and colleagues of George Mason College in the August 25 issue of “Health Affairs”. Moreover, Hadley and colleagues calculate that the U.S government will have set aside $56 billion to cover for those uncompensated in terms of health cover. In one of the U.S censuses, there were significant disparities that were revealed