ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The specific features of rural areas require different guidelines for ethical behavior than those applicable to the cities. This fact may have an impact on any kind of occupation, including the rural forensic psychologist practice. The fact that the rural area is different from the urban one has resulted in the creation of rural criminology. The aspects of rural life that may have an impact on the job of a forensic psychologist include its small communities with a strong sense of identity and interconnectedness, isolation, scarcity of health services, especially mental ones, and lower level of tolerance (Scott & Hogg, 2015; Zur, 2006). All these parameters are shown in relation to urban areas, and it is obvious that they may differ from place to place. Still, these particular features result in certain cultural differences between the dwellers of the urban and rural areas that should be taken into account. The crime level in rural areas is a questionable issue. It is not unusual to idealize the village and expect the interdependence of people to prevent crimes; yet, the cases of domestic or discrimination-based violence appears to be common in such areas (Scott & Hogg, 2015). The ethical guidelines suggested for forensic psychologists can differ depending on the association to which one belongs. Still, they are usually concerned with similar dilemmas. The ones used in this paper are suggested by the American Psychological Association (2013). The ethical dilemmas that can arise in the process of working in rural areas for forensic psychologists include the following situations. First, the conflict of values may appear. The Guideline 1.02 suggested by APA (2013) demands impartiality while the guidance 2.07-2.08 requires taking into account the possible bias caused by the conflict of values and minding the specific cultural features of every particular group (pp. 9-10). The differences in worldview should not prevent a psychologist from helping a patient. However, it should be pointed out that values can and occasionally have to be changed in the process of rehabilitation, for example, in the case of the lack of tolerance (Day & Casey, 2009). Secondly, the dilemma of multiple relationships (guideline 4.02) is especially acute in rural areas where the interdependence of people is higher than in cities (APA, 2013, p. 11). Thirdly, the question of fees may be especially acute in rural areas that are usually less prosperous than urban areas. Fourthly, the dilemma of gifts that are most often present in any psychologist practice is most difficult in the case of a forensic psychologists in the rural area. Given the fact that the countryside is less prosperous and more interdependent, it becomes und
Nursing organizations, practitioners, and employers must combine their efforts to create desirable working environments. When nurses practice in quality workplaces, it becomes easier for them to offer superior health services to different patients. This discussion explores the issues revolving around the nature and quality of practice environments. Personal Practice Environment The presented Quality Practice Environments (QPE) Checklist offers meaningful insights that can be used to create effective working environments. Personally, I believe that I have been practicing in an environment that fulfills most of the attributes outlined in the document. To begin with, the working environment is supported by the institution in an attempt to promote lifelong learning and acquisition of evidence-based concepts that can improve patient outcomes. The issue of nursing leadership is also taken seriously. The rationale for this argument is that nurse leaders are supported and equipped with adequate resources (“Quality practice environments,” n. d.). There are also experienced practitioners who support and empower newly-recruited nurses. Additionally, nurses have authority and responsibility for practice. They are required to engage in policymaking processes. Practitioners collaborate with different professionals to achieve their goals. The organization supports every nursing or care delivery model using adequate policies, mission and vision statements, and practices. The leaders in the institution embrace nurses’ insights and ideas, promote work-life balance programs, and implement powerful strategies to address personal concerns. The current challenge that affects the effectiveness of this working environment is the issue of workload management (Reed, 2017). The problem of nursing shortage explains why the institution is yet to hire more competent practitioners to offer evidence-based care to different patients. Rationale and Recommendations The above discussion reveals that most of the nurses in the unit are empowered to deliver quality services to their patients. The institution’s ability to focus on practitioners’ needs and concerns is a positive indicator of a desirable working environment. Work-life balance, lifelong learning, and provision of adequate resources are some of the practices that make the environment appropriate for the delivery of quality patient services (“Quality practice environments,” n. d.). However, my unit lacks adequate professionals and nurses to meet the needs of its patients. Some nurses are also forced to work overtime due to the problem of nursing shortage. Additionally, the unit lacks an effective mechanism to discuss or plan patient care with the targeted beneficiaries. The current gaps can b
How Komatsu was able to evolve from a $169 million company with low-quality products to become a challenge to Caterpillar by the early 1980s and my evaluation Through the leadership of the firm’s CEO, Ryochi Kawai, Komatsu made deliberate efforts to increase clients’ satisfaction, vertical integration, and total quality management practices. The firm sought to provide innovative solutions to problems and reduced costs incurred while, at the same time, was focusing on future growth. The institution also explored strategic human resource practices to ward off any predatory tendencies by the rival giants Caterpillar and Mitsubishi, who posed the danger of poaching best talents from the firm. According to Hamel and Prahalad (63), the firm’s programs in research and development programs won many accolades all over the world at the time. The firm also instituted a well-integrated business process that was geared towards efficiency that was also put in place. As such, the firm could cut on any unnecessary cost and optimize on gains. Why the performance deteriorated so rapidly in the mid-1980s the grade I would give to Mr. Nogawa’s term as CEO? In the 1980s the construction sector was hit by contraction of income, occasioned major price wars by the industry players. At the same time, the appreciation of the Japanese yen and the trade frictions of the decade of the eighties were also major setbacks to the income of the company. I think the CEO did well trying to secure the firm other than focusing on the profitability of the firm in the short term. How appropriately Mr. Tanaka dealt with the problems he inherited and my evaluation Tetsuya Katada’s initial action at Komatsu was to reverse the declining income at the firm. He focused on a strategy that moved away from the traditional way of catching up and surpassing competitors, which he referred to as bureaucratic and one that was anti enterprise. He focused on a non-competitive approach to the market, which geared to dialogue more. He regionalized production and reduced any dangers that could be occasioned by the appreciation of the yen. He further entered into a joint venture with U.S. dresser focused on the firm’s 3G’s project of growth, global and group-wide. The firm was also able to diversify effectively. Katada’s takeover strategy was appropriate to the firm since it decentralized management and production, bringing in new economies of scale (Hamel and Prahalad 67). How effectively Mr. Tanaka took charge to execute new cultural and behavioral objectives and my valuation In my view, Tanaka new charge at the firm was above board. His strategy to make Komatsu an intensive technology firm at the time was one of the major pioneer efforts by large companies. His diversification strategy from the construction sector to hardware and software was a prudent approach for the firm (Hamel and Prahalad 68). Engaging in a wide range of business activities is critical for business organization
Abstract Cell membranes are thin semipermeable barriers that separate the internal and external cellular environments. This protects and regulates the intracellular composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid chains whose neutral hydrocarbons account for conditions, allows the cell to communicate using an electrical gradient, and can be used for external adhesion. This paper will cover the history of cell membrane theory. Additional focus will examine the ion conductivity properties of the cellular membrane as exemplified by the neuron and as modeled by the Nernst, and Goldman Hogkin Katz equations. Introduction (Cellular Membranes) The cellular membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The lipids are amphipathic, having a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. This property makes the lipids spontaneously arrange into a wall which shields the hydrophobic tails inside the wall; meanwhile the hydrophilic heads associate with the intracellular and extracellular fluid. A group of phosphate that has glycerol bond forms the heads. Oxygen that is negatively charged in the phosphate gives the heads the nature of being hydrophilic. The hydrophobic tail is the hydrophobia. Various bonds form and sustain lipid bilayer. Examples of the bonds include hydrogen and covalent bonds. The membrane has unique feature of impermeability to polar molecules and ions and allowing permeability to hydrophobic molecules. The movement of ions across the membrane is regulated by proteins that span the phospholipid bilayer in the form of pores, channels, and gates. The fluid nature of the phospholipids and structural qualities of the proteins combine to form the fluid mosaic cell model (Nicolson 1972). History of Cell Membrane Theory Before biology, which is derived etymologically from the Greek study of life, the term natural history was used to describe the science of living things. This branch of science was half philosophical in nature, dealing with issues of the origins of life and theology as well as geology, physics, chemistry, and astronomy. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, formed the foundation of western biology with his theory called the Great Chain of Being which ranked lifeforms on a scale of perfection with humanity on the top. After Aristotle there were numerous theories and natural historians, but the fall of the Roman Empire led western thought into a scientific blackout until the renaissance allowed scientists to begin exploring the initial questions these philosophers speculated. The Development of Cell Theory The existence of cells was first observed in 1665 by Robert Hooke who used a compound microscope to observe cork (Clarke). Five years later, the first living cells were observed by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, although these could still only be observed in plants because of their prominent cell wall. Animal cells were thought to have similar structures, but beside for bacteria they would not be discovered until the mid-19th century. That was a century and half after the cells discovery when Robert Brown observed the cells center. Rob
Definition of Advertising – This is any paid form of promotion presentations, intended to attract buyers in purchasing particular goods or services, and there after strive in retaining the customer. The above is achieved through a process in which companies create value for customers and “stimulate a strong customer relationship in order to capture value from customers in return” (Cloke n. p.). The main aim of advertizing is to add value to a particular product and attract customers. According to Terence A. Shimp, “effective advertizing causes brands to be viewed as more elegant, more stylish, more prestigious of higher quality, and so on” (190). History of cigarettes commercials in USA . – The earliest known advertisement of cigarettes in the United States of America is recorded to be that of snuff and products of tobacco, featured in 1789 in New York daily paper. During this era the art of commercials in respect to that of tobacco was a complete new concept. Cigarette commercials were perceived to be safe, free from negative effects on health, just as any other consumer product. The often advertisements were done on local dailies and seldom features were done on regional publications.”Bull Durham made” a genesis as the first conceptualized branding in the year 1869. The commercial insisted on “how easy it is to roll your own”. The United States of America a
Cyber Security Threat, its Nature, and Types The term cyber threat is mainly used to describe information security issues. It is a crime aimed to steal information, damage data, or ruin digital life. Cyber security threats can take such forms as phishing, spying, DoS attacks, data breaches, cyber fraud, politically motivated attacks, and so forth. Not all malicious cyber actions can be considered cyberwar. Some cyberattacks are aimed to harm individuals, steal their personal information, or disrupt intellectual property. Others make part of cyberwarfare and are defined by Aboul Enein (2017, 16) as “the use of force to cause damage or destruction for a political purpose by states or political groups.” This presentation will discuss cyber security threats, their impact on UAE international security, and ways to address them. Imranuddin (2017, 30) distinguishes the following types of cybercrime:   * Hacking. This type of cyber offense involves impinging upon and changing software or hardware which is not protected adequately by creators.   * Data breach. It means that some critical information is stolen from a system without permission. Data breaches can happen to both large and small organizations. Cyber Threats in United Arab Emirates The issue of cyber threats has been a point of multiple concerns in the UAE recently. In 2018, the UAE government and private sector were the subject of a total of 230 cyber attacks, as The National UAE reports (“More Than 200 Cyber Attacks So Far This Year,” 2019). The described statistics is quite troubling, even given the global trends. Specifically, the 2019 reports mention 80,000 cyber attacks per day in 2018 (“The Ultimate List of Cyber Security Statistics for 2019,” 2020). Therefore, immediate measures are overdue so that cybercrime could be addressed in the UAE. Common Cybercrimes in the UAE Currently, several types of cybercrimes appear to be prevalent in the UAE environment. Among these, financial fraud is the most frequently committed one (“The Rise of Cybercrime in Dubai and UAE,” 2015). Financial fraud poses the greatest threat to cybersecurity in the UAE since, in most cases, the threat causing a rise in cybercrime rates comes from within organizations (“The Rise of Cybercrime in Dubai and UAE,” 2015). Therefore, the level of cybersecurity needs to be updated to protect UAE organizations from malicious intents of some of its less trustworthy staff. As far as the types of attacks that the UAE owners of online data have to face on a daily basis, one should mention ransomware and adware. According to the 2015 data, AdWare.Win32.BetterSurf.b was the most notorious ransomware in 2014, having infected more than 1,228,000 computers (“The Rise of Cybercrime in Dubai and UAE,” 2015). Preparedness of the Middle East countries for cyberattacks In general, the Middle East countries demonstrate different levels of preparedness for cyberattacks, with the UAE being among the most prepared ones (Chandra et al. 2019). Preparedness for cyberattacks in GCC countries in 2018-2019 (Chandra et al. 2019, 2806). Laws that ensure cyber security in the UAE When speaking abo
The story, “Snow”, by Ann Beattie is a story of love and the brevity of the happy moments in life. The story reveals just how a short, seemingly insignificant moment in life, can end up being forever etched in the memory of a person. The author seems to deviate from the conventional outlook on life and the meaning of life experiences. This is clearly revealed in the significance that the snow and the winter season have upon her life. This is contrasted in the man’s, her lover, perception of the same snow that seems so significant and nostalgic to the narrator. The other objects in the story which are associated with snow and enhance the symbolism include the snow plow and wallpaper. This essay will show how snow has been used symbolically in the story and how the symbols expressed are different for the man and the woman. For the woman, who also happens to be the narrator and protagonist in the story, snow represents the nostalgic memory she has of a love affair that happened during a winter in the country. One of the ways in which the snow is used to evoke this memory is the way she remembers the man. She recalls a special instance when the man asked her to teach him how to tie a white towel on his head like a turban. This specific incidence brought to her mind the picture of a “crazy king of snow.” This is how she regarded the man as he went about shoveling the walk. The snow is thus symbolically used to signify the territory upon which the man was king as he worked. For the man, however, the same event brings different meaning and symbolism. The man, ironically, regards the snowy night as cold, grim and very boring due to its repetitiveness. This contrast in perception of snow is enhanced when the narrator says that “you remember it differently.” The man also wishes that the woman would not mention the snow by telling her that “any life will seem dramatic if you omit mention of most of it” (Shreve & Nguyen, 2005). To the man, the snow was everything that was wrong with the story. However, to the woman, the whole story revolved around, and was defined by, the snow. The woman recalls the man as being the king of the snow, but the man only remembers the incidence as a tedious chore that he would have done without. The woman also uses the snow to symbolize the ideal world. This is clearly brought out when she recalls looking up at the sky and then thinking of the snow that was falling: “It seemed that the world had been turned upside down, and we were looking into an enormous field of Queen Anne’s lace.” This is a paradoxical symbolism of snow because Queen Anne’s lace is a flower that grows in the summer. The final symbolism that the narrator uses for the snow is how she perceives her lips to move when she says the word “snow.” To her, snow is a romantic word because her lips form the shape of a kiss whenever she says the word. Reference Shreve, P. & Nguyen, B. M. (2005). 30/30: Thirty American Stories from the Last Thirty Years. London: Longman Publishers.
Ageing gradually limits an individual’s abilities as key life decisions and choices have already been made. Adulthood also brings many responsibilities including family and careers which must be met at all times to maintain a relatively balanced life. Unfortunately the modern world today is having so many demands that ultimately overcome our bodies and mind leading to serious psychological stresses which lead to depression if not well managed. When a person can’t cope up with the day to day demands of life due to any valid or invalid reason, their personal wellbeing is compromised (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) and one begins an unhappy existence which can ultimately lead to suicide. Nobody is immune from stress regardless of financial, health or social status but different coping mechanisms determine the final situation of an individual. To effectively handle stress, an individual must be able to recognize the symptoms of stress and understand the possible cause which is easy as stress changes an individual’s happiness level, health, and behavior. When in doubt one should seek the services of qualified medical personnel who can effectively offer professional help. The good thing with stress is that it can be effectively managed by simple strategies. Maintaining a healthy diet that is well spaced, accompanied by lots of sleep can relax the body and reduce stress levels occasioned by too much work. It’s also important to get plenty of physical exercise at all times to improve health and wellbeing. This may be supported by using mind relaxation exercises and engaging in enjoyable activities with friends and loved ones. Talking to friends and family about stressful feelings is also a good stress coping strategy as they offer emotional support. Personally when I feel stressed, I visit my mum and dad and spend some quality time with them which always leaves me relaxed and happy. As adults grow older, they are more likely to suffer from ill health occasioned by weakening body defense mechanisms. They can develop chronic conditions which require a lot of medication and care leaving them economically drained and depressed. This is accompanied by weakening mental faculties making them prone to forgetfulness and other problems which make their social life difficult and stressful. Ageing limits the possibility and ability of engaging in gainful economic activities due to poor health, new technologies and government policies that require people to retire at a specific age.Adults who retire without adequate savings find themselves unable to become economically independent. Their children also become mature and independent and move out of their parents’ home as they assume more responsibilities in their careers and families having little or no time for their parents. In the case of severe incapacitation occasioned by ill health, disability, or mental weakening, older adults are forced to go to nursing homes to be taken care of, even without their consent. This takes away their decision making power. Alcoholism and drug abuse would be quite a challenge for me to deal with in older adults because it is a deeply en