ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The world has come to embrace technology, and learning institutions are currently finding it very important to use this technology to support learning and leadership. For this reason, many learning institutions have been making an effort to integrate the use of technology into their system (Spiro, 2011). This research seeks to redesign the approach that can be taken in implementing technology in learning and leadership process in a school setting. The focus is on a higher learning institution with a school of computing and informatics. The school has an intake of about 60-80 students per year, and as the head of ICT department, I have the responsibility of ensuring that this institution develops an appropriate program that can be used to support learning and leadership with the use of technology. Given the fact that the school has about twenty teachers, and six technologists, it is in a prime position to implement this strategy. The Instructional Design Principle that would be used in this case is based on ADDIE Model. The choice of this model is based on its popularity in this field, and ease of implementation. The first stage when using this theory is to analyze the needs. This
Introduction Earthquake is a hazard that should be made public this is because it leads to high loss of life and property if people are not made aware of in this I mean that there should be a way through so that people can have most of damages that are caused by the earth quake reduced. Therefore a country that is frequently involved in this hazard has to know which ways to take sop that they have clear information given to people. This will mean that even if they have to be assisted by other countries to should be done because this hazard when it takes place in a country it claims high percentage of lives and loses that can not be recovered. This will mean that there should be a public campaign in that country on how to go about this hazard in other words this is something that is natural but it can be prevented only through the people getting involved in activities that will reduce the effects of it when it takes place. Zagros is a mountain system in Iran and extends from the Turkish- Armenian frontier south east to the strait of home. Zagros vary from the rigged, forested and snow capped mountains of the Nor
The chain of custody refers to the collection, documentation, and protection of evidence related to a certain case. For example, if a homicide was conducted, and the place of the crime has some blood traces, then the chain of custody implies that an investigator will prepare the necessary information and present it to the court in such a manner that will prove that he or she collected it directly from the scene of the murder. An investigator should reflect on how the evidence was collected and how it relates to the case (Brandl, 2014). In other words, the paramount role of the chain of custody is to prepare and protect the relevant information, thus organizing proper judicial proceedings. The competent and professional preparation of documents for participation in the court significantly increases one’s chances to win the case. As a rule, the preparation of the necessary documents depends on a procedural status of a plaintiff and the stage of the litigation. When the procedure of the chain of custody is violated by the lack of critical documents or any other factors, it creates some difficulties. For example, if a package lacks signing or a seal is broken, one may note the chain of custody failure. At worst, this may lead to litigation defeat due to the absence of verified evidence (Brandl, 2014). The occurred errors may cause mistrust of the presented information and influence the final decision. First of all, an investigator should log the events of failure and then contact the lab where the evidence was sent for the expertise. The content should be verified before resealing. In this connection, it may be advantageous to implement the suggestions revealed in the recent study by Nsofwa and Phiri (2016) regarding e-chain. It implies the use of state-of-the-art technology to secure seals with the help of barcodes. In other words, the authors propose some extent of automation of the chain of custody processes. The information is to be entered into the system, and the assigned barcode will allow overviewing the evidence and also protecting it properly. The chain of custody based on securing electronic information collected from computers, servers, and mobile devices or entered from other sources contributes to the effective search and recovery of deleted, corrupted, or encrypted information (Prayudi & Sn, 2015). At the same time, it provides the opportunity to seek for and analyze electronic correspondence, including emails, SMS, as well as correspondence in popular messaging programs, such as Skype and others. It also seems important to point out the fact that another important provision of the above method of security refers to the reconstruction of the chain of events, focusing on the actions of one or different users in order to restore a reliable picture of
The Report The report was based on the study of the impact of depression screening on prenatal and post natal motherhood and effects of early interventions. A rigorous selection criterion was applied in collecting relevant data for analysis to answer key question (KQ) on the impact of early interventions. The study was assessed against predetermined benchmarks to ensure good quality and reliable results. To attain high quality data, data validation and verification techniques were used in the research. The target population was fairly treated with adequate representation with sensitivity analysis appropriate performance ratings on the test sample. Statistical Methods The statistical procedures mentioned in the study included data collection techniques, sampling methods, the null and alternative hypotheses, probability distributions, the level and type of test done, and the rejection criteria on the significance of prenatal and post natal interventions (Crawshaw & Chambers, 2002, p. 509). According to Gaynes, Gavin,Meltzer-Brody, Lohr, Swinson, Gartlehner, Brody and Miller (2005, p.4) a systematic research study was integrated in the evidence based study for accessing and retrieving data from electronic databases. Indexing was based on Author name, and article names were used to access and retrieve relevant data and information. The research report indicated that mass screening of history subjects was done and an analysis of the effects of treatments was conducted. Of the total searches conducted, 837 unduplicated were identified, of which 9 were identified through handpicking, and 846 from discussions with TEAG. Other systematic reviews done included searches with perinatal and depressions, as the key words (Gaynes, Gavin, Meltzer-Brody, Lohr, Swinson, Gartlehner, Brody and Miller, 2005, p.6). Though 50 searches fell short of meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, these results were identified to be influenced by the absence of established benchmarks against which they could be tested. This resulted in the elimination of 26 studies. In addition to that, various reasons identified for the exclusion criteria included lack of sensitivity and specificity, lack of depression outcome figures, and restrictions on certain sub groups (Gaynes, Gavin, Meltzer-Brody, Lohr, Swinson, Gartlehner, Brody and Miller, 2005, p.2). A total of 59 studies were included in the study although less than that figure met the inclusion criteria (Gaynes et al., 2005, 2). The Process and Significance Tests A test sample on 15 patients with 11 successful early intervention cases were subjected to a hypothesis test. It was claimed in the study that early intervention was 90% successful on a 5 % significance test. The results were modelled by a binomial distribution independent of other patients, where X-B (15, p). The Ho: p=0.9 (success of early intervention) and H: p<0.9 (success rate lower than 90%, according to the claim), where Ho is the null and H the alternative hypothesis. The claim could be rejected if, on a one tailed test for Ho the p (X≤x) < 5%, with 11 being the test value of x in the equations. Using cumulative binomial tables or calculating the pr
Security forces in airports Until the 9/11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre, the effectiveness of security professionals had not came into the attention of many because many had questions on how the terrorists, responsible for the attack, were able to board a plane equipped with their explosives without anyone raising eyebrows. This was a clear indication of how inefficient airport security forces were prior to the attack. The cause of this laxity or ignorance lies in the poor training and constant turnover of security officials in the workplace. Turnover rates “exceeded 100% a year in a number of large airports” (Dillingham 6). In addition, the unattractive wages and benefits offered to the security officials resulted into unskilled and inexperienced labor force. In order to improve the quality of security in the airports, improvement of the security forces was a major requirement and this nudging need led to the formation of the Transport Security Administration on 25 November 2002 to be in charge of screening in all US ports. This body is responsible for provision of high-notch security in most of the large airports. It puts guidelines to enhance the achievement of this goal. According to Dillingham, since February 2002 security screeners have been able to capture more than 7.8 million items including 1,437 firearms, 49,331 box-cutters, and 2.3 million knives (8). Following the 9/11, attack on the World Trade Center, security personnel acts as the major defense system to prevent such an event from happening in the future. For the defense system to function effectively, there is a great need for reliable professional security personnel and equipment. These are fundamental in taking measures against insecurity, which will also help to prevent issues such as drug trafficking as well as other planned crimes. Restrictions imposed on air travel There are some restricted items during travel including box-cutters, knives, explosives, firearms, and flammable objects among others. These materials, according to the security forces, are potential weapons capable of causing dangerous attacks on the cabin. To ensure that these objects do not find way into the planes, passengers undergo a security check shortly before boarding a plane. There are also restricted areas in the airports including airport ramps and operational spaces. It is important to mention that members of the public cannot gain access to these areas. Special qualifications are required for anyone with the intentio
Introduction: Guests of Sheik and Its Cultural Significance Despite the numerous attempts to bridge the two cultures together, the philosophy of the Asian world remains alien to Europe and the United States, and vice versa. A recent endeavor of Elizabeth Warnock-Fehrea to marry the two cultures, however, maybe the foot forward that the two opponents have been waiting for to finally reconcile. In her book Guests of the Sheik , Warnock-Fehrea describes her life in the Muslim setting. Thesis statement Though the author of the novel focuses on the description of everyday life in Iraq, the novel makes a very strong statement about the key socio-cultural issues that the state is currently undergoing due to the urbanization and globalization process, particularly, the image of a woman in the Iraqi culture. Guests of Sheik in a Nutshell: What the Novel Is about As it has been stressed above, the novel has very little of a plot and mostly contains descriptive passages that make the reader dwell on the subject of the Asian culture, women’s place in it, and the urbanization process, which seems to have been slackened by the supremacy of the Asian traditions in the rural areas of the state. The book, therefore, represents a blend between Warnock-Fehrea’s personal diary and traveler’s notes. The anthropologist tells about her life in the heart of El Nahra and describes the cultural and social differences between the Western and the Eastern worlds. Starting with the difference in clothing (Warnock-Fehrea had to change her clothes to abaya: “Trying to be as dignified as possible with two menservants, Hamza and his teenage son standing by googling, I took off my abaya” (Warnock-Fehrea, 2000, p. 87)) up to the process of learning the Arabian language, the book provides a subtle social commentary on the strength of the Asian traditions and the difference between the Eastern and the Western philosophies. Women in the Arabic World: The Ultimate Power of a Different Kind One of the book’s most obvious advantages is that it busts the traditional myth about women being discriminated against in the Muslim culture. True, the author acknowledges that it took her time to get used to the image of a woman that the Islamic culture has created; however, Warnock-Fehrea makes it obvious that there is not a single derogatory detail about it. Quite on the contrary, a woman in the Asian culture is considered the epitome of purity and beauty: “It is better for a woman if she does not smoke” (Warnock-Fehrea, 2000, p. 97). Therefore, in Asian culture, women derive power from family traditions and their image as nurturers. The security of women, in their turn, comes from being law-abiding, obedient, and respectful to the traditions of the community. In other words, Warnock-Fehrea busts the myth concerning the Arabic women being intimidated and unhappy. Instead, the author makes it obvious that the Arabic women are perfectl
Introduction L’Oreal was established in 1909 in the personal care industry in France. The firm’s operations involve the production of diverse cosmetic and beauty products. The firm has managed to penetrate the global beauty and cosmetic market. Currently, L’Oreal ranks as the largest cosmetic organisation in the world. L’Oreal has adopted internationalisation as one its business level strategies in an effort to maximise its profits. The firm has targeted China as one of its marketing destinations. Currently, the firm ranks as the second largest skincare and beauty firm in China. Procter & Gamble leads the market as it has introduced all its major brands in the Chinese market. Likewise, L’Oreal has introduced most of its brands in the Chinese market such as Maybelline New York and Lancome. In a bid to market its products successfully in the Chinese market, L’Oreal has adopted the concept of localisation in its marketing processes. The firm has set up a research and innovation centre in China. Moreover, the firm has established manufacturing centres at Yichang and Suzhou. Liu (2013, p. 178) argues that the ‘degree of market localisation is reflected in the effort made by an organisation to match local customer needs or requirements and it is measured by its local market orientation’. The manufacturing centres enable L’Oreal to produce most of its professional and mass products, which allows the firm’s products to align with the market needs. Despite its localisation efforts, the firm has not fully localised all its products such as Yue Sai, which is still manufactured in the international market. This paper entails a comprehensive analysis of L’Oreal’s marketing efforts in China. The paper also recommends the adjustments that L’Oreal should consider in order to enhance its market dominance. International market evaluation The world is experiencing a growing trend with regard to the rate of inter-connections and inter-dependencies (Andexter 2008). It is imperative for businesses to develop sufficient competitiveness in order to stay relevant in the international market. Understanding the prevailing market condition is one of the ways through which organisations can remain competitive. Aswathappa (2010, p. 501) asserts that the ‘existence of uncontrollable and controllable factors makes international marketing more complex as compared to domestic marketing’. Firms that have adopted the concept of internationalisation have trouble in understanding the international market. However, surviving in such a market requires an organisation to align its marketing strategies such as marketing mix to conform to the prevailing market needs. The uncontrollable factors in the international environment relate to forces emanating from the political, social, economic, technological, cultural, ethical, competition, and the legal environments. The external business environment is characterised by diverse market changes. Firms do not have control of most external forces such as technological changes. Conseq
Introduction The Apple Inc. is a renowned manufacturer of computers and mobile communication devices that was founded by Steven Jobs in 1975. The company has been selected for analysis as it has featured on the Forbes Magazine, the Fortune Magazine, and other global business reporters as a global leader in computer technology and telecommunication industries. The success of any firm depends on a number of factors that are well defined by various organisational theories. The theories put forward a number of perspectives that explain the interplay of various elements such as the structure, culture, leadership, and management of the organisation among others. In the light of this conceptualisation, this paper presents a critical analysis of the Apple Inc. with respect to political, cultural, contingency, and bureaucratic perspectives. Company Overview The Apple Inc. was founded in 1975 by two school dropouts namely Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. The risk of dropping out of college for the two individuals was the first step towards building the global leader of technological innovation in hardware, software, and support services 1 . The company specialises in a range of products including computer and telecommunication devices. It has been a leader in the transformation of technology to suit diverse and dynamic economic eventualities. The business survived the 2008 economic downturn that led to the closure of many ventures. The Apple Company enjoys a reputable and unmatched brand image around the globe. It was valued at $182.795 billion in 2014, making it the highest valued brand in the world. It has more than 98,000 employees around the globe whore are based in its many retail stores in 15 different countries 2 . The company repeatedly features on the Fortune Magazine and deserves the analysis. It boasts of a unique business model that has remained a mystery for many businesses worldwide. The propelling factors to its success include remarkable leadership that was first incepted by the founder, late Steve Jobs. It also includes a corporate culture of enthusiasm and innovation that has led to the design, development, and distribution of tech-savvy products. Customers of the company have been known to have strong attachments to the Apple Inc.’s products. Cultural Perspective of the Apple Incorporation Organisational culture is a vital determinant of the overall success of any business. It shapes the behaviour and beliefs of the stakeholders of the organisation including the management and employees 3 . The creation and management of the organisational culture is an evolutionary perspective that is imposed by the leaders before
Introduction Adolescence is an important period of individual growth and development in which people go through remarkable physical, psychological, social, and biological changes as they near adulthood. These changes take place concurrently without the knowledge of the individuals undergoing the changes. The changes as well as the psychosocial factors revolving around the adolescents make them a unique group, especially regarding substance abuse and treatment of substance abuse problems. This paper is a critical analysis of the factors affecting the treatment of adolescents with substance abuse problems. Developmental Stages Counselors and health care providers who work with adolescents with substance abuse problems ought to have a good comprehension of the biological and sociopsychological processes that adolescents go through (Susman & Rogol, 2004). For instance, adolescents have an elevated need for instant rewards, augmented risk taking, mood regulation problems, and heightened production of Adenosine Triphosphate. All these changes affect the adolescents’ predisposition to abuse substances. Clinicians who offer treatment for substance abuse should conduct studies to establish the link between developmental factors and the success of treatment options. It is also important to note that there are different groups of adolescents (Winters, 2012). For instance, young adolescents aged thirteen are significantly different from those aged eighteen in their predisposition to substance abuse and their psychological maturity. Clinicians and adolescent treatment providers should take these variations into consideration and make the essential modifications. For example, while the treatment provider ought to take a firm and direct approach with an early adolescent, a more relaxed approach of being an objective sounding board works best for older adolescents. Ethnicity Knowledge about the patient’s cultural beliefs, and how the patient’s culture views substance use and abstinence are important when designing a treatment plan (Turner & Lloyd, 2003). Viewing substance abuse from the patient’s cultural standpoint enables the treatment provider to understand some reasons that compel the patient’s substance problem. The clinician ought to try to establish whether the patient’s family are first or second generation migrants. Treatment intervention targeting an adolescent from a migrant family is likely to be more effective if the clinician is well informed about the cultural beliefs of the client and his close relatives. The need to incorporate cultural consideration in treatment stems from the idea that substance abuse does not happen in a vacuum (Turner & Lloyd, 2003). Cultural principles and beliefs concerning the use of alcohol and illicit drugs vary from one culture to the next. These differences in beliefs can have substantial effects on the effectiveness of a treatment plan. For instance, certain cult