ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Today, conditions in turning trades, woodcarving and unlawfully low prices offered to lacemakers and embroiderers are eminent. Despite decoration adding price to a product, there are objects that go at low prices despite them taking the worker a lot of time decorating them. Absence of ornaments implies less number of working hours hence increased wages. In instances where one pays equally for a decorated and a non-decorated object, the decorator bears the difference in labor time. Since most of the work done today entails ornamentation, lack of ornaments will see people working for fewer hours. Ornament is a waste of capital. It is no longer attached to our culture hence does not reflect our culture. Ornaments developed currently have no relationship with humans (Loos 157). Ask yourself what has happened to decorations established by Otto Eckmann and Van de Velde. These ornamentalism stood for their products contrasting current ornamentalism who are found to reject their products within three years. Modern ornaments have no descendants neither do they have a future. They are treasured by uncultivated people who perceive the real prominence of our era as a closed book. They end up being rejected after a short period. Rapid changes in decorations have led to depreciation of the fruit of labour. Capital items are being wasted which include time and decoration materials. The form of an object need to be bearable for the period the object will last. For instance, a suit is expected to change with respect to fashion more often than a precious fur. Likewise for a lady’s ball gown compared to a desk. Changing desks so quickly due to their shapes being unbearable results in waste of money spent in manufacturing the desk. For Austrian ornamentalists, they prefer a consumer who regularly changes his furniture to one who uses the furniture till it wears off. Rapid changes lead to employment. It promotes economic growth. This means that people should develop poor products to encourage changes. Today, lack of ornaments implies shattered labor and damaged materials. Were objects to retain they beauty for the period they will physically exist, people would be willing to pay high for them. Modern men, who perceive ornaments as a representation of past generations, will effectively distinguish those ornaments that have been carefully developed from those developed haphazardly (Loos 165). Appreciating the labor of ornament developers gives them the impetus to develop even more quality products. On the other hand curtailing capacities by issuing instructions on what to develop denies them labor as well as robbing their pleasures. It is imperative to tolerate ornaments only if they promote the pleasur
Drug Class Artemisinin class drugs. Description Artesunate is an antimalarial drug for injection, artemisinin derivative, and is used to treat malaria in patients of various ages. The effective action of Artesunate is supported by its advantage of a hydrophilic group (Khanal, 2021). Artesunate is a first-line treatment followed by an entire course of malaria treatment. Mechanism of Action Artesunate metabolized into dihydroartemisinin (DHA), which contains the endoperoxide bridge responsible for combating Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite that causes malaria. DHA reacts with heme resulting in free radicals, which inhibit proteins and nucleic acid synthesis. Drug Administration and Dosage Artesunate is supplied as a white powder for further dilution with sterile diluent and production of a colorless solution. Recommended doses of Artesunate are 2.4 mg per kg of body weight for adults and children are heavier than 20 kilograms, and 3 mg per kg for children less than 20 kilograms (Kitabi et al., 2021). The drug is administered intravenously at 0, 12, 24 hours, and after that – daily. Drug Interactions The drugs ritonavir, nevirapine, or UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) inducers may reduce the antimalarial effects of Artesunate (FDA, 2020). UGT Inhibitors can enhance the side effects of Artesunate drug action. These aspects need to be monitored with the simultaneous use of Artesunate injections and mentioned drugs. Potential Side Effects/Adverse Effects/Toxicities According to FDA (2020), clinical trials of Artesunate drug have identified potential side effects and adverse reactions:   * hemoglobinuria;   * acute renal failure requiring dialysis;   * jaundice;   * anemia;   * thrombocytopenia;   * lymphopenia;   * neutropenia;   * pneumonia;   * diarrhea;   * elevated creatinine;   * pulmonary edema;   * pyrexia;   * abdominal pain;   * vomiting;   * dizziness;   * headache;   * cough. Lab Effects/Interference Clinical studies tested the efficacy and safety of the Artesunate drug. Two studies found that compared to another broadly used antimalaria drug – quinine, Artesunate reduces mortality rate and the risk of hypoglycemia (Khanal, 2021). Another study expanded the understanding of drug action by proving less risk for patients to have coma and convulsions. A clinical trial comparing Artesunate with artemether also showed less mortality rate and faster recovery with Artesunate. Special Considerations In the case of a sensitive reaction to a drug, such as dyspnea or rash, it is necessary to consider the possibility of treatment with another drug. After Artesunate treatment, patient follow-up monitoring is needed to identify possible hemolytic an
Introduction Wetsch’s text analyzes the main implications of Bakhtin’s idea to the theory of mediated action created by soviet psychologist Vygotsky. Wetsch’s describes Bakhtin position when he says that the problem of meaning is an intermediary between individuals’ meaning and not having it at the same time. According to Bakhtin meaning exists in group life and reveals itself only in dialogue. Drawing on the premises the author addresses three crucial topics – the rejection of ‘Self’ atomism, recognition of ‘dialogue’ importance, and authority of the text. Wetsch following Taylor and Bakhtin Wetsch following Taylor and Bakhtin debunks the notion of atomism describing the alleged human independence of society and his self-sufficiency. According to him, an individual personality is formed by societal relations and cultural patterns such as language, communication. Thus, it is strange to reduce human subjectivity to atoms but this tradition of thought is deeply rooted in the Western culture. Further on Wetsch provides a reader with the analysis of the language transmission theory drawing on Reddy’s and other theorists’ research on the topic. According to this theory, the communication the language message sent is encoded and decoded when received. This theory is linear and draws on the epistemology of informational mathematics and cybernetics. According to the Wetsch analysis, this approach to language communication assumes that this process is one-sided which falls short of understanding its real nature. To better understand the format of communication the Bakhtin’s theory of dialogivity is the most appropriate thing. According to Bakhtin, the communication message is always reproduced taking into consideration the possible reaction of ‘Other’ and the frames of meaning are created through this interplay of strategies. The analysis of the issues of text and authority Wetsch give
Classical Hollywood Cinema means more than just a film made in a Hollywood studio. It implies a whole style of film, a particular approach to film narrative, a peculiar set of cultural and social values. The character of the Classical Hollywood movie is a given in terms of the social problem film, for the genre inherits the core qualities of the Hollywood film as well as its place in the cultural structure of America. The economic structure of the industry thoroughly influenced the process of moviemaking and movie-consuming, imposing certain variables on filmmaking and fostering certain expectations in audiences (Balio 5). For instance, by the early 1930s, power in American feature films rested with eight major firms, MGM, Warner Brothers, Paramount, Twentieth CenturyFox, Universal, RKO, Columbia, and United Artists, which had consolidated production, distribution, and exhibition into a monolithic corporate structure monopolizing the industry (Bordwell and Thompson 14). The key element in the structure was exhibition. As long as they owned all the first-run theaters, the Big Eight had control over the market and could close it to any nonaffiliated producer. The Hollywood movies of the 1930s were based on social problems and themes topical in American society. One of the most popular themes was a ‘low class and the “fallen woman”. It is possible to say that this theme was a response to women rights movement and new social roles accepted by women. This theme rarely includes the Depression in terms of social problems, but nevertheless clearly reflects the situation (LaSalle 43). “Hollywood cinema reinforces the individuality and consistency of each character by means of recurrent motifs” (Bordwell et al 15). The films have three basic subjects, each one demonstrating a moral breakdown within society, the unwed mother, the mistress of a married man, and the prostitute. All the films attempt to shore up morals and reaffirm America’s Puritan heritage, but the drastic plot twists necessary for this reaffirmation reveal the strains of the times. Though the films allow for the fact that crime and sin are justifiable in times of social duress, they display a moralism (Bordwell et al 71). Female sexuality requires a more complicated set of rationalizations and more severe forms of punishment. In Classical Hollywood Movies, the fallen woman’s fall must be thoroughly explicated and is only acceptable as an extreme necessity, a last recourse which is never a positive experience so much as a tragic degradation (Bordwell et al 379). First of all, the heroine loses her chastity only for the purest of motives, usually that of true love. In the early Hollywood Movies centering on the unwed mother, she and her lover are prevented from marriage through extenuating circumstances. He is either a well-meaning, sincere fellow inadvertently separated from the heroine or a wealthy irresponsible playboy who abandons her in her time of need. Born to Love (1
Introduction The Matrix is a movie that astonishes not only about the activities and special effects but also about suggestions. “Before getting acquainted with the Matrix, Neo’s life was a lie. Morpheus expressed it as a “dream world,” but unlike a dream, this world was not the formation of Neo’s imagination. The truth is much more threatening: the world is presented as a form of AI computers that have taken control over the Earth and have conquered mankind. These creatures have fed Neo (and everyone) a simulation that he was not able to help but he took as the real thing. What’s worse, it isn’t clear how any of us can know with certainty that we are not in a position similar to Neo before his “rebirth.” Our ordinary assurance in our ability to motive and the normal propensity to trust the liberations of our intelligence can both come to seem rather inexperienced once we tackle this likelihood of dishonesty. “Brain in a vat” proposal Lots of up-to-date philosophers have argued a similar skeptical quandary that is a bit closer to the script offered in The Matrix. It has come to be recognized as the “brain in a vat” proposal, and one leading presentation of the idea is offered by the philosopher Jonathan Dancy: “You can not know that you are not a brain, swinging in a container full of fluid in a laboratory, and connected to a computer which is feeding you, and your present occurrences under the run of some clever technician scientist. For if you were such a brain, then, offered that the scientist is winning, nothing in your knowledge could perhaps reveal that you were; for your practice is ex suggestion equal with that of something which not a brain in a container is. As you have just your knowledge to tempt, and that knowledge is the same in any circumstances.” If you cannot know whether you are in the real world or the world of a computer simulation, you cannot be sure that your beliefs about the world are true. And, what was even more frightening to Descartes, in this kind of scenario it seems that the capability to motivation is no more secure than the escapes of the sagacities: the evil demon or malevolent scientist could be ensuring that your senses are just as mistaken as your acuities. A notion of God Descartes’ way out of his evil demon cynicism was to first dispute that one is not able to doubt genuinely the being of oneself. He started that all thinking assumes a thinker: even while doubting, you comprehend that there must at least be a personality that is doubting. (Thus, Descartes’ most famous quote: “I think, therefore I am.”) He then went on to assert that, in adding to our inborn idea of self, everybody has a notion of Go
Literature Review A good number of transportation vehicles incorporate structural components with thin walled designs. Such structures have numerous advantages that warrant their use in the industry. This design is important because it accommodates stringent requirements during crush events. The main function of this design is to sustain abnormal loads. Other components are also important in dissipating impact energy in a controllable manner, which may have a limiting effect on the deceleration effect of a vehicle and therefore ensuring a general safety. From initial stages of growth in transportation industry, several regulations and recommendations laid down were to help engineers design structural components air, land, and sea with thin walls. “In terms of structural analysis this means that the corresponding computational models are restricted to the elastic analysis typically limited to infinitesimal deformation” (Abramowicz 2003, p.92). Although this design is still under use, the initial regulation did not provide the best alternative that warrants its continual use this is the main reason there is little literature work on this design. Thin walled structures are not only a basic requirement in the industry but also help in sustenance of abnormal loading that occurs during accidents and other major events. Most crush worthy vehicles must incorporate the impacts of energy management requirement and the expected level of integrity. A typical example in a plane case, a train accident, or a car involves using structures that can sustain crash load without excess deformation likely to compromise passenger’s safety (Abramowicz 1966). This consideration takes the priority of the passengers’ safety to ensure they do not experience the effects of either deformation or heat dissipated by the parts involved in the impact. “At the same time other structural components must dissipate the kinetic energy of a vehicle while keeping the deceleration level below the tolerable limit” (Abramowicz 2003, p.92). It turns out that some parts of either a car or a plane must meet the two requirements in equal measures for instance the structural assemble of side panel in a car passenger must meet the two requirement to offer guaranteed safety to the passengers. Incorporation of these conditions is not only important to fast moving cars but also to cases of reduced speed accidents like ships that may ground on narrow rocks. However, in this scenario dissipation of energy is not a main factor like what happened to the previous case because the amount and capacity of energy absorbed in a ship hull is far lower than what a fast moving plane or car experiences. In this case, the engineers would put their focus on the integrity issues at the expense of energy dissipation. The integrity consideration must ensure an effective method that minimize damages to the hull structure as well as related damages that may result from this impact. Initial studies suggest that crashworthiness wer
Introduction The funding of public education and control of the school system within the United States has been one of debate for some time. This has especially been a focal point of discussion since the quality of public education throughout the United States has been constantly on the decline. With this in mind, there are many issues involving the funding of education and the political control of all of the entities within the educational system. In order to offer a meaningful discussion of these two elements, it is prudent that we first offer an operational definition for public education. Public education is mandated education offered to the children within in given nation and is funded by the Federal, State, and Local governments through tax initiatives. The scope of the public education offered generally applies to basic education and extends from kindergarten to the twelfth grade. Historically, the right to free public education is one that has been guaranteed by the constitution, and funding and control have been relegated to the individual states and municipalities (Wikipedia, n.d.). Currently, there is funding on all levels of government, and some control is asserted on each level, with the lion’s share of the funding and control residing with the individual states and municipalities. In order to fully understanding the funding and control paradigm, this paper will first examine funding and control at the highest level—The federal government and funnel it down to funding and control initiatives on the local level with and an examination of the role of the individual states plays serving as a bridge between the Federal and Local initiatives. Federal Funding Public education funding and control on the federal level is one that is facilitated by impacting legislative initiatives when the quality of the education received by the public school system becomes of national interest, and there is a need to supplement the state and local funding. When such is the case, the federal government goes through a legislative process and impacts acts to rectify the situation for all states within the United States. Historically, there have been two such initiatives within the United States. These two initiatives, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) and the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB), were implemented as a direct response to the systematic failure of the educational system with regards to the indigent population. Federal support for the public education system first began with the passage of ESEA in 1965. Under this initiative, the government provided grants to elementary and secondary schools for programs that serviced the indigent population within all states. This initiative provided funds for library resources, textbooks and other instructional material, educational research, and professional development for teachers. In addition to these services, it made it possible for schools to have additional educational centers and related services as well as for initiatives aimed at strengthening state educational agencies. This act, however, proved to be deficient over the course of
Summery Event ecology addresses challenges experienced in human and environmental interactions. These challenges can be addressed through logical analysis and methods. Entities in nature, such as communities, change over time. Therefore, their study is used to explain human behavior and nature in the present day. The significance of events in human behavior should be based on concrete facts. This is because such an experience is what is used to create history. Intensive analysis and a lot of probing have established the effects of human activities on the environment (Walters and Vayda, 2009). Strength The process of history creation and how trends in the future are anticipated are well illustrated. The relationship between the economy, human activities, politics, and the environment is established. It shows their significance in history creation. The article has explained the connection between the present challenges and historical events. The efficiency of a pragmatic approach rather than theoretical work has been outlined effectively (Walters and Vayda, 2009). Weakness This article has given researchers the basics of creating history and methodologies. However, it has limited them on creating history. It advoca
Today most companies use video games to train their employees. Study show that employees trained on video games do their jobs better, have higher skills and retain information longer than workers learning through traditional methods. In contrast, to the beliefs that video games do not add value to the players, they are important. According to researchers video game in fact enhances learning abilities. Video games enhance learning as it improves ability to understand. The person playing the game tends to adopt the character in the video game. The role can be different depending on the game. The role played by the person enables him to think, talk, and act like the real situation. It enables the person playing the game to understand the situation and act accordingly. The experience acquired from the video game makes powerful context for learning. The persons playing the video games develop ability to understand, perform and think as per the situation and greatly enhance the learning process. For instance in this case study employees learn the act of customer service in a cartoon-like simulation of a Cold stone store. This enables them to have great understanding on the real situation of customer service. Secondly video game allows the person playing the game to learn by doing or acting rather than just learning. Activities, tasks or actions that one performs in games force the person playing the games to think and develop his own knowledge. For instance in the military games the player is expected to understand the military doctrines and has to develop knowledge on weapons and equipments of the game to succeed in the game. He has to execute his learning in the game for him to win the game. In this case video games enable persons playing games to learn by doing and this helps them to learn new things which enhance learning. According to research, video games increases children’s engagement with written and visual texts, images and sounds. It also enhances learning of other technological domains and learning of higher-order cognitive skills which improves literacy. Video games also make learning more interactive, relevant and meaningful to those who uphold the value of technology. It enables young generation to improve on technological skills developed through leisure activities. This has enabled the corporate trainers to focus highly on youth. Learning through video games may bridge the gap between technology savvy young people and their trainers. It also bridges the gap on those who can afford technology at home and those who cannot. Video games enhance learning as it helps young people to develop interpersonal skills and this serve as a platform for knowledge exchange. Learning through video games enables one to maintain the flow and it involves active engagement. The interactive nature of video games make learning more i