ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A natural disaster is defined by the UN as: “the consequences of events triggered by natural hazards that overwhelm local response capacity and seriously affect the social and economic development of a region” (Elizabeth F,2006). Natural disasters, for example, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornados, and windstorms, affect many people in the world yearly. It is essential that the impacts of these natural disasters are assessed and preventive measures taken to reduce their impacts. Natural Disasters Natural disasters, technological catastrophes, and acts of terrorism result in similar psychological consequences, such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and physical ailments (Rubonis and Bickman, 1991; Green and Solomon, 1995; Salzer and Bickman, 1999; Norris et al., 2002) Hurricane Sandy Hurricanes sandy is a hurricane that occurred in October 2012 and affected the Caribbean, Eastern Canada, and the United States. Hurricane Sandy became the largest Atlantic hurricane on record. Many losses resulted from the storm, and over 190 people lost their lives. The hurricane developed on 22 October 2012 as a tropical wave in the Caribbean Sea and eventually intensified. Two days later, the tropical wave had become a hurricane. According to the Washington Post, Associated Press, October 2012, in about three days, the total losses had amounted to $53.4 billion and massive deaths along the Caribbean region. Upon the occurrence of a natural disaster, people in society suffer shock, psychological problems as well as physical problems. It is during the recovery from these shocks that people come together. Victims help in rebuilding the houses, food distribution as well as donations. From the research done on hurricane Sandy, I was able to identify that most of the rebuilding help came from the citizens from the unaffected parts. Politics come to a standstill as politicians become involved in the humanitarian process. Hence political temperatures in the country will always cool down upon happening of a natural disaster. After the occurrence of Hurricane Sandy, political temperatures cooled down in the United States as it happened during the election campaigns. Natural disasters have a great psychological and emotional impact on the victims. Many social workers are recruited to help the victims deal with psychological problems. Some people even volunteer, and they spend a lot of time with the victims with the aim of helping them recover. The government sector always joins the private sector during this period in the provision of services to the victims. Many businesses will give out donations, trucks to deliver food supplies as well as housing for the victims. The government also deploys the armed forces to deliver supplies to the victims as well as saving people from inaccessible regions. Conclusion If I were to carry out research on this topic, I would first develop an overview of the topic, which would help me gather more info
Description of Steps The identified stakeholders for the proposed change in AMRTC included hospital leadership, participating nurses, and patients (Bravi et al., 2013). The former group had the most power and influence on the project, as they were the ones allocating resources and nurses to see it done. They had a reasonably high interest in the success of the project. Nurses had a moderate-to-high power and influence over the course of the project, submitting to hospital leadership in matters of subordination, but being active with propositions and feedback as the project went on. They too had a high interest in the success of the intervention. The patients were tertiary stakeholders, as their psychological health issues prevented them from actively participating in the project. In most cases, they were considered to be recipients of care. The implementation plan of the project had 5 stages, which included the preparation stage, the implementation stage, divided into three sub-parts, and the revision stage (Burnes & Bargal, 2017). The plan revolved around Kurt Lewin’s framework of change implementation (Burnes & Bargal, 2017)
Analysis of Article The main thrust of the article “IT doesn’t matter” by Nicholas Carr is the notion that IT (Information Technology) is no longer a means of competitive advantage but rather has become relegated to the status of a utility. Carr states that “what makes a resource truly strategic, in that it has the capacity to provide a sustained competitive advantage, is not in its ubiquity but rather in its scarcity” (Carr, 2007). To put it in simpler terms, the less access other competitors have to a resource you control the more likely you are to make a profit off of it. It must be noted though that with recent trends in generic software availability and ever decreasing prices in software cost, proprietary in-house developed systems are becoming a rarity due to their cost of construction. Most companies opt to forgo such a laborious and costly method of creation and merely opt to purchase generic systems which can be configured to their needs. Such systems often follow specific formats and established methods of generalized standards resulting in multiple companies having the same system. As a result, the competitive advantage that has be ascribed to the use of IT by various industry managers is in fact more akin to the use of a utility that is ubiquitous and not really a basis to be used as a measurement or tool for competitive advantage. If everybody is using systems that are widely available and affordable it cannot be said that I
The Introduction While all human beings are afforded equal rights and opportunities, a person’s abilities and capacity change as they grow older. Older adults are therefore at times disadvantaged as a result of diminishing physical abilities or the stereotypical views that the general public holds concerning the old. As a result of this, older adults are sometimes categorized as being vulnerable. This paper shall argue that the categorization of older adults as vulnerable is right. To reinforce this assertion, the paper shall highlight some of the risks that make older adults vulnerable. Why the Elderly are at risk A major risk that the elderly face is that of abuse. Black (2008) states that abuse of the elderly is an escalating problem due to the huge dependency that the elderly have on caregivers. This dependency is a result of physical deterioration such as vision and hearing impairment, slowed mental response and decreased coordination that the elderly face (McGee, 2008). Most abuses against the elderly occur in the home setting and these abuses include neglect and exploitation of the elderly by the people who are supposed to be caring for them. The highest growing category of abuse is financial exploitation which is characterized by unscrupulous persons engaging in an illegal or improper use of the finances of the elderly. Another risk that older adults face is discrimination in the workplace. McGregor and Gray (2006) note that persistent stereotypes are hugely responsible for this discrimination which arises from social prejudices against older people in general. A study by McGregor & Gray (2006) revealed that older workers were perceived to have problems with technology, rigid (resistant to change) and less willing to work for longer hours, therefore, reinforcing the claim that discrimination against older workers is mostly a result of stereotypical views held about them. How to Eliminate the risk With regard to the issue of discrimination in the workplace, the role of the government cannot be overstated. McGregor & Gray (2006) assert that employers if left to themselves, w
Great Carbuncle is a very popular short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, which narrates the story of a group of pilgrims searching the legendary gem, ‘carbuncle.’ The group includes people with different characteristics. They have their own dreams about what to do with the gem if they find it. In the end, everybody realizes that their wishes were in the wrong place and returns to their normal lives. The theme of the story deals with the characters learning from their mistakes about the need to lead a simple life and to be satisfied with whatever God gives to each. “In Hawthorne’s tales, “wild nature” lends a range of symbols to “reveal the moral behavior of his characters” and provides a venue for his readers to “acquire personal and moral meanings.” (Nowacki). The protagonist in Henry David Thoreau’s Walden Pond is a person who decides to spend two years of his life in a small cabin near Walden Lake. He takes such a decision to learn how to live in simplicity and satisfaction with all that God has gifted to him. He talks about the need of living in unity with nature, humanity, and divinity. As he listens to the sounds of nature around him, he understands how happy he is to live in solitude, leading a simplistic life with birds and animals around the place. He also describes the lessons he learned from living there. He explains that every action in nature provides symbolism, about spiritual facts. The idea of transcendentalism forms the central theme of the story. E. B. White, in ‘The Yale Review writes, “Thoreau, very likely without quite knowing what he was up to, took man’s relation to nature and man’s dilemma in society and man’s capacity for elevating his spirit…” (Thoreau). The themes in both the stories are similar in that, both convey the need to lead a simple life filled with satisfaction and joy. Nature, humanity, and divinity are all related to each other. They provide life experiences and facts, which are required to be understood by every human being, to lead a religious and righteous life. Since the stories deal with similar themes, the plot of Great Carbuncle can be revised by placing the protagonist in Walden Pond in Carbuncle and making analysis. For this purpose, the protagonist in Walden Pond shall be called simply the protagonist. Imagine that the protagonist is one of the pilgrims in the story in search of the legendary gem along with the other pilgrims. He comes in search of it in order to teach the others that the real gem is nature itself. Whatever nature gives must satisfy one and one must also learn to live happily in unity with nature, humanity, and divinity. Every other pilgrim has a wish which he wants to fulfill on finding the gem. The other characters in the story include the seeker, Doctor Cacophodel, Master Ichabod Pigsnort, the cynic, the poet, Lord De Vere, and the newly wedded couple, Matthew and H
Today, Nike is the largest sportswear company in the world. Third-party contractors outside the United States manufacture almost all Nike products. The company itself is the copyright holder of the brands, develops product designs, and owns a network of stores, as well as NikeTown shopping centers. Throughout its history, Nike utilized different methods for growth, including the acquisition of other brands, and outsourcing the production to other countries where labor is cheaper. These changes over time are reflected in annual reports, which include the CEO’s letter to shareholders. This paper provides a summary of the conducted analysis and shares several conclusions based on what vocabulary the CEOs used at different periods of time when addressing the stockholders. Asia as a Target – 1998 Letter In 1998, Nike’s CEO was Phil Knight, who had been on this role since the company was founded in 1964. In his letter to the corporation’s shareholders, Knight reflected on the challenges that the company faced and often concentrated on Asia (Nike, 1998). In fact, since the 1990s, the company has been regularly criticized for its products being manufactured in factories where labor laws are violated (Nike, 1998). The significant portion of Nike’s factories is located in China. The word “Asia” is the most used – it occurs seven times in the text. Among other frequently used words are “company,” “turnaround,” “problems,” “process,” and “sales.” Without reading the letter, it can be assumed that the CEO was talking about both sales problems and challenges with the company processes in Asia. The following bubble chart provides an overall picture of the frequency. World as a Target – 2003 Letter Phil Knight was still the CEO in 2003, and the company was on the verge of changes. While the 1998 letter put Asia on the central stage, Knight’s message in 2003 shared Nike’s global plans with its shareholders (Nike, 2003). The bubble chart of the word frequency shows several more interesting points. Among other frequently used words are “athletes,” “soccer,” “sports,” and “technology.” It can be supposed that the company’s new strategy is to grow by sponsoring famous athletes, including soccer players. The word “technology” is also used by the CEO, though not as often as “sales” and “world.” By looking at the chart, it can be perceived that the CEO believed that investing in sports and technology would lead to not only higher sales volumes, but also to the company’s recognition in the world. After all, soccer is among the most popular sports in the world. Continuing with Global Strategy – 2008 Letter In 2008, Nike had a different chief executive – Mark Parker had been already serving for 2.5 years (Nike, 2008). In his letter to the shareholders, he said that Nike was a company with a growth mindset (Nike, 2008). After running a script to retrieve the count of each unique word, it can be said that Nike was going to continue expanding to other markets – “world,” “sports,” “growth,” and “brand” are among the most frequent words that
In many countries around the world, constitutional powers vest the President to be the chief executive of the nation. These Presidential powers are enormous ranging form being the head of state and head of government to commander in chief of the armed forces. Additionally, the President has powers under the Constitution to appoint persons to represent or administer government agencies, delegate responsibilities to government employees, declare a state of emergence, or order the army to attack enemies. Nevertheless, these powers must be constitutional. The constitution is an ultimate document that direct and indicate how affairs of state or country run. Different countries have their own system of governance depending on the will of the majority. For example, people can vote to have the constitutional powers of their country bestowed on Presidency or in the Legislature. The two systems include presidential or parliamentary. Under parliamentary system, the Prime Minister administers government functions and is accountable to the legislature while, the President presides only on state observances. However, as compared to parliamentary system, the Presidential system is widely applied in many countries, as only one person is responsible for the management of a country. Constitutionally, the President administers state and government tasks. Nonetheless, the country’s constitution defines clearly, the specific roles of the president- presidential powers. For better governance, presidential powers must have checks and balances either from the judiciary, or legislature or both. (Sotirios, Robert, pp. 3-36). If these powers do have proper checks and balances, the presidency can turn dictatorial. Some counties around the world with weak systems of checks and balances have turned into butcher states where opponents of the sitting administration undergo all manner political, social and economic abuses. Additionally, under the Presidential system, the government comprise of the legislature and Judiciary as additional arms. Three arms of government that is, the judiciary, legislature and executive must check each other to ensure proper service delivery under acceptable standards. The mandate of any government is to serve its citizens an
Expanding a business to foreign markets can be both beneficial and challenging for a company. Patel (2018) argues that nowadays, even small businesses are exploring the opportunities of internalization. Due to the size, these enterprises encounter specific issues associated with expanding the operations. Patel (2018) offers strategic sourcing practices that should help small businesses internationalize without the typical problems. In addition, there are three main frameworks used in internalization, “the Uppsala model, transaction cost analysis, and the business strategy approach” (Patel, 2018, p. 6). Therefore, regardless of the size, companies that internationalize encounter problems. The most commonly used is the Uppsala model as stated by Santangelo and Meyer (2017) it has been utilized by organizations since 1977. The focus of this approach is on increasing the international activity with time. The factor that influences the process is the knowledge of the company, which is developed over time (Patel, 2018). Therefore, it suggests a relatively slow framework for internalization. However, the method does not explain the “non-linear and discontinuous dynamics” (Santangelo & Meyer, 2017, p. 1). The second model’s objective is the quantitative analysis (Patel, 2018), therefore, it is associated with lower transactional costs. The final model is the most general of the three (Patel, 2018). The focus of the method is on specific criteria that allow identifying the strategy for entering the market. Businesses owned by families can become global as well. Ivanova, Dentchev, and Todorov (2015) conduct their research on the family businesses that plan on expanding to the international level. Theories applicable to the issue are “international entrepreneurship, stage theory of Internationalization, resources, and capabilities, stewardship theory, agency theory” (Ivanova et. al, 2015, p. 299). The authors emphasize that a small family business that plans on internationalizing experiences many problems due to the lack of resources when compared to large family businesses.
“How the Other Half Lives” was the first work that documented the terrifying living conditions in New York City slums. Jacobs managed to describe the miserable life of the poor immigrants that was ignored by the upper- and middle-class society. In particular, the journalist intended to uncover the poverty of the nineteenth century Lower East Side of Manhattan. In his work, Riis condemned the society that did not acknowledge the real living conditions of the immigrants. He believed that the book with photographs, graphic decryptions, and statistics would help people to be more aware of these conditions. In Riis’s interpretation, poverty was described as something atypical and unprecedented. The selected method was applied to grab the most of attention. To emphasize the perishable situation and to move the audience to the compassion of the poor, the author inserted numerous picture documents in the book that depicted the New York slums. The sensational photographic style created narratives in the traditions of that time. He succeeded in highlighting the urban scenes and portraying the starting and symbolic story of the poor. The photographic texts were a deliberate protest to the cultural traditions of the bourgeois society of the nineteenth century. The journalist’s images fixed the destroyed and the unstable like in the picture “Lodger in the Crowded Bayard Street Tenement –“Five Cents a Sport” where his unconventional framing of the extreme poverty was portrayed. The picture is the bright evidence living conditions of the poor. To enhance the atmosphere of humidity and misery the author writes: “Another room on the top floor, that had been examined a few nights before, was comparatively empty. There were only four persons in it….” (Riis 35). Instead of photographing poor women with their children, Riis used to photograph women as drunkards and prostitutes. By this, he breaks all the traditional outlooks on the cultural notion of maternity, modesty, and privacy. All the women framed in the picture are impassive and frustrated with their faces expressing no hope for a better future. Moreover, they were imaged as immoral and isolated women rather than diligent housewives. When describing the children Riis also used radical approaches that were not only terrifying but also cause waves of resentment. In the picture “In Poverty Gap, West Twenty-Eighth St. an English Coal-Heaver’s Home”, “the ignorance plays its part”. This is the image of “helpless despair” (Riis 78) and agony where family members sit around the terminally ill child. The tragedy of the story combines with the doctor’s indifference and inability to help. The starvation of children to death and numerous diseases caused, as the doctor mentioned, by the “improper nourishment” is also a kind of a calling that strikes the society. Riis did his best to terrify his audience and insatiate it wit
Introduction Ranson introduces his works by arguing that the arrival of a child in configures the relationships and interactions in families. The writer says that this is evident in all families that seem to be stable and committed to long-term relationships. In fact, the arrival of the child means the family has been established officially. In other words, the child signifies parenthood in the life of couples meaning that married life is not complete without children. The writer discusses extensively the life of parents and relationships in a family. The major challenge in a family setting is how to balance economic life with social relationships and interactions. This paper analyzes the findings of Ranson and goes on to evaluate his conclusions, in an attempt to situate them in the modern life. The paper specifically challenges his ideas on the role of family members. This essay will use two of his first chapters for analysis. Synopsis In chapter one, the writer argues that the Second World War gave women a chance to empower themselves economically. Jobs were opened up for women, which encouraged them to challenge men in the labor market. The economic recession of1930s affected the social structure, whereby women rose up to the occasion to provide basic needs to their families (Ranson, 2010). The war consumed many resources forcing the government to withdraw support for social services, most of which were enjoyed by women. After joining the labor market, the author argues that women formed trade unions that advocated for their rights. The unions ensured that women were given fair treatment and their culture was respected. Education played a big role because women utilized their knowledge of the constitution to claim for their rights. The royal commission boosted the morale of women because it formulated some policies that gave women rights and freedoms to participate in economic and political development. Consequently, women were granted the right to maternity leave in 1971. The law was extended to include maternity leave for men in 1990 (Ranson, 2010). This law changed the parenting structure in the family because it provided that both men and women were in charge of child rearing. In chapter two, the writer argues that women have more roles as compared to men because they are primary caregivers, what is referred to as intensive mothering in Northern America. In this case, the mother spends much of her earnings in upbringing of children. Women face major challenges because they are expected to deliver both at home and in places of work. Family members expect the mother to provide all basic needs or contribute in providing them while men are excused from some family roles such as childcare. This is what scholars refer to as cultur