ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pre-historically, the communities that occupied the Mesoamerican were village agriculturalists with large ceremonial-politico-religious capitals. Guatemala is a region in the Mesoamerica that contains twenty three languages. In this region, the oppression of the poor is evidenced by how the rich treat the poor. The poor people are required to perform heavy duties with very little pay such that they are not even able to cater for their own lives. This causes the poor to live a very desperate life which makes them loose the little they own thus making them even poorer to the extent of serving as slaves to the rich (Menchu 2). Another aspect that has been raised in the reading materials is the mismatch in the anthropological referenced schemes and the real conceptualized fieldwork. This is due to the anthropologists’ inability to relate the archeological materials created, used and disposed by the historical community to how the materials were in use and how the materials have changed with time. There is also inability to show how those materials to show how they relate to the societal organization. Ethnography encompasses the study of how people in the past may have lived and more so regarding their social structures, religious beliefs and also other aspects of cultural life (Hustrup 13). From one point of view, there is an identifiable difference in the culture which is an implication analyzed on a society and that specific society which is an empirical entity. Culture is a practical occurrence of events which constantly face the risk of alteration with time and environment. The most probable way to deal with the radically differing culture is to take the consideration of one person rather than the whole community. This shows that the situation of culture is weathering away in the combined grouping of the society has reached its climax. For instance, the American public rituals have been described as ironic. This is because the conscious participant or observer is viewed as one of the valid public group displays that may have very little patience for their audience (Marcus and Fischer 45). Sylvanus Morley, an ancient scholar, wrote about the Maya people in 1910. The cultural images and history that he presented while working on the Yukatek-Maya area have become vital in the creation of a prototype of the Maya people in general. The generalization of the people while studying one group may cause a spread of distorted information. This can be seen clearly in the writing of the Maya names by Landa who distorted their meaning and form. In this way, he distorted the Maya cultural tradition. This happened because of the generalization of the Yukatek-Mayan terms. In the same way, the days of the week in the Mayan calendar have been branded with the names from the Yukatek-Mayan community, even though all the linguistic communities have their specific names. These Yukatek-Mayan names of days have found their way into the Maya of Guatemala even though they have their own names for the days (Montejo 45).
During summer holidays, I visited a chiropractor in Delaware, U.S.A who uses various modalities independently or in combination in rehabilitation. To achieve a desired outcome, he employs a single modality or combines them to address non-responsive conditions, hasten wellness and maintain health. In diagnostic approaches, he uses x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I), comprehensive history of clients and chiropractic analysis to determine the client’s need of chiropractic adjustment (Huslig, 1986). For example, incase of failed chiropractic adjustments (using manual thrusts and hands-on approaches to correct distorted spine), he employs the Thompson drop technique by analyzing subluxation, turning the head at desired angles, applying the Thompson table (Terminal Point) as used in Derifield technique before giving a thrust. He also employs massage therapy to promote muscle relaxation. In most of his cases, nutrition, health education and weight approaches are necessary to correct stress on the spine and other body parts. In other methods e.g. the activator method, he uses body mechanics and balance of forces to correct subluxation (Family, Back and Neck Center, para. 2-5) He uses chiropractic adjustment for non-musculoskeletal complains like those of visceral origin. Other techniques he employs include electrotherapy by electrically stimulating muscle at a certain frequency and intensity to attain a physiological response (Leach, 1986). Since musculoskeletal problems may worsen with movement due to stress on other structures, he combines the above methods with orthotic (gadget) modalities. For example, he may prescribe foot orthotics which may be put in shoes to prevent pelvic and spinal distortion and enhance feet to achieve balance during motion. He uses holistic modalities (environmental, psychosocial, physical, spiritual, lifestyle and emotional) to foster a good relationship with his clients (Fitness Wellness Center, para. 1-4). As a personal trainer, I can be incorporated in his rehabilitation practice in the activator method which uses body mechanics and balance of forces to correct subluxation. I will also fit in other methods such as orthotic use, Thompson-drop technique, flexion distraction and derifield technique. I will also be concern
Introduction Even though Eastern European states in their development and reforms, as well as restructuring, are following the same guidelines that were unveiled centuries ago in Ibn Khaldun’s theory of Umran in terms of property rights, attempting to get rid of price controls on crucial goods and services, doing away with bureaucracy, and implementing a purely market-driven economy, Muslim countries are still stuck in archaic systems due to a lack of democracy, unequal income distribution, and inflation, as well as wealth being accumulated in a few hands, and other numerous social ills 1 . This paper dwells on the intricacies of the Ibn Khaldun’s theory of Umran and economic growth, dissecting its building blocks, and addresses the question of how Muslim societies and countries can benefit from his views in tackling their endemic economic problems to come up with a development strategy that will, in the end, achieve justice, division of labor, economic stabilization, full employment, and growth 2 . Ibn Khaldun’s Umran Theory Throughout history, the growth and the eventual decay of societies have drawn the attention of scholars seeking to interpret the reasons behind this observable trend. Unearthing the reasons of such a peculiar fact of the historical rise and the subsequent fall of civilizations helps prevent any further decay, thus, achieving and maintaining the society’s continuous rise and prosperity 3 . The Umran theory allows viewing the problem from not only historical but also theoretical and empirical perspectives, which helps shed light on both the implications of the governmental policies on trading, investment, innovative strategies, etc. and the possible outcomes of the strategies that are currently applied to address the issues in the identified domains 4 . Defining Umran Theory The term Umran is derived from Umar, which is an Arabic word. Ibn Khaldun’s Umran theory makes it quite clear that the birth of a civilization, its development, and its ultimate demise should not be viewed as a single-factor occurrence. Instead, it needs to be perceived as the phenomenon that has been shaped by a variety of factors, including societal, economic, political, and cultural ones. Furthermore, the ethical principles that civilizations were built on and the political systems by which they were supported need to be taken into account as the influences that affected their successes and downfalls 5 . Each one of the stated aspects acts as a set off that influ
In the anthology Restoried Selves : Autobiographies Of Queer Asian – Pacific American Activists, Kevin Kumashiro collected the stories of Asian – Pacific Americans who are the representatives of gay and lesbian movements. This book can be discussed as the attempt to present the stories of gay and lesbian activists who are connected by the definite cultural and ethnic identity as free from any social stereotypes and prejudice. From this point, the problem of sexual orientation is discussed with references to the issues of ethnicity and personal and cultural identity. In spite of the fact this general idea can be examined with the help of discussing the autobiographies, it is necessary to pay attention to the details of each concrete personal story. The issue of correlation between the Christian tradition and active position in relation to the lesbian movement can be analyzed by referring to Jeanette Mei Gim Lee’s story as the statement of personal choice. The Christian tradition prohibits homosexual relations and discusses them as a sin. Nevertheless, Jeanette Lee considers herself to be a Christian and a lesbian at the same time. It is a rather controversial point, but Jeanette found the resolution and allowed herself to be a Christian and a lesbian because of her soul’s inclinations. Moreover, Jeanette studied at Seminary and followed her visions in spite of their dissonance in relation to the tradition. Thus, the readers receive the opportunity to discuss the nature of gay and lesbian activism not only by focusing on ethnicity but also with references to the ethical interpretation of the issue of people’s spirituality.
Introduction: Rushing Into Making A Decision Sometimes it seems that people make choices solely for blaming themselves for the consequences that come after. Indeed, people may rationalize the taken steps all the way they want, yet, along with a positive aspect, there will always be a downside to the choice that has been made. The given phenomenon, therefore, begs the question of whether the choices that have been made on the spot are as bad as they are thought to be. Indeed, seeing how intuition is often defined as the ability to spot important details and factors subconsciously, the choices made in a rushed, irrational manner may actually be of more help than people think they are. Although it is traditionally believed that people must base their choices on a range of logical arguments and carry out a major analysis of the key factors before passing their judgment of a particular situation and taking a step, Gladwell also has a point by arguing that the success of seemingly irrational and the so-called “emotional” choices can be explained logically. When There Is No Time For Rationalizing: On-The-Spot Solutions While it is always important to bear in mind the consequences of one’s actions, it is often important to be able to act intuitively. People are prone to spotting small factors so swiftly that they even fail to have these factors registered on their radar; instead, they believe that their intuition, the divine powers or some sort of a supernatural force leads them to take the proper step. These small factors, however, can be defined and analyzed afterward. The given argument, however, begs the question why in some cases, taking risks and following one’s sixth sense pays off, while in others, people risk being left completely down on their luck. Gladwell argues that the efficacy of making a random choice depends on the type of personality that the choice maker has (Corey and Corey 289). In his famous example of Paul Revere’s ride, Gladwell states explicitly that “the success of any kind of social epidemic is heavily dependent on the involvement of people with a particular and rare set of social gifts. Revere’s news tipped and Dawes’s didn’t because of the differences between the two men” (Gladwell 30). Therefore, it can be assumed that, even when talking about rushed or, rather, seemingly irrational decisions, one must take both the external (e.g., social status, wealth, reputation, etc.) and the internal (e.g., age, character traits, personality type, etc.) into account. As the case study carried out by Gladwell himself shows, what works for a certain type of people, such as a confident pers
The Bill of Rights in the U.S constitution was the first provision to undergo the first amendment. The main content in this amendment is the clause on religion. It restricts the creation of any legislation which favors any religion over the others. Additionally, the democratic ability to practice religious practices is should not be infringed under this amendment. Freedom of speech is equally promoted under this amendment. Moreover, the amendment guarantees the establishment of freedom of association whereby people are free to meet so long as they do not break the existing laws. On the same note, those citizens who feel that they need government redress on certain matters can do so under this constitutional provision. The initial arrangement as provided for in this amendment mainly affected Congress. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court chipped in later and asserted that it was necessary for the amendment to affect all the states. Moreover, the regional or local governments were to be affected by this amendment. The civil liberties initially lacked sufficient guarantees and as a result, there were calls to make the necessary constitutional changes that would eventually address the pending concerns. This is the rationale why the First Amendment was proposed to cater for some weak clauses which had hitherto existed in the original constitution. The Establishment Clause is against the inception of any religion which will have due advantage or superiority over the other. The clause is also very categorical on the relationship which should exist between religions and as such, it does not allow inter-religious concerns to be entrenched in the constitution. Nonetheless, the intervention by the Supreme Court later brought in some significant changes in the constitution. In its jurisdiction, the Supreme Court has a number of times passed its judgment relative to this amendment. This was seen in the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment in a case involving Sherbert and Verner. This ruling took place in 1963. The Court was very strict on its ruling observing that the state had the moral responsibility of controlling the activities carried out by religions. In another ruling involving Division v. Smith Sherbert and Verner case (Emerson, pp. 877–956). The Supreme Court maintained that there was a need for the government to show sincere concern and act decisively over the fate of individuals who may have been relieved of their jobs due to religious differences. This would be in a case where one’s job had a direct indifference with religion and therefore created a center of controversy. The Court felt that it was not justified for an individual to be denied employment on the basis of religion. The court mentioned the importance of a compelling interest from the state in regard to employment and religion. The Sherbert Test was applied in this case. Adell Sherbert was a worker at a textile factory. He belonged to the Seventh Day Adventist church and was equally a strict adherent of his faith. Initially, there was no employment versus religious conflict
Introduction Coal mining is one of the major mining industries in the United States that generates income for a big portion of the population. The majority of the states are now engaged in coal mining activity (35 of the 50 states). When not strictly regulated, coal mining can cause injuries and sicknesses to miners due to coal gas emissions. Burning coal emits substances considered pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) which are harmful to the environment. On the other hand, sicknesses acquired by coal miners in those early days of mining were diseases such as coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and black lung, among others. Controversies occurred between the government and miners and operators who were not yet properly regulated or supervised during those times. Countless issues on safety and regulation rocked past discussions about laws and on the inability of the government to help the miners and the industry as a whole. As more and more accidents happened, and more miners succumbed to disease and disability due to coal gas inhalation, laws were enacted by Congress to regulate the industry and help the miners. There have been many such laws, and myriads of agencies created in the process, making significant developments in the regulation and control of the industry. A question may be asked, can this give us the impression that coal mining is not anymore a threat to human lives and the environment? There’s much to be done, and laws are not laws if they are not effectively implemented. People and government should continue to devise means for the improvement of society and the world, more specifically the environment which has been continuously abused. Global warming and climate changes are a threat to humanity and our dear Mother Earth. The subject of coal mining, clean coal, and a clean environment is a serious topic for discussion. Here’s an example of a human drama that occurred in a not-so-distant past: On a fateful summer of 2002, a game of death was played – one in the Sago Mine involving 13 West Virginia miners and the other in Pennsylvania’s Quecreek Mine. T
The evaluation of personal entrepreneurial skills can be a valuable technique for determining individual inclinations and preferences in a particular business or its management. Based on GET2 Test results, I intend to learn my characteristic skills and motives in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and find out the best strategic ways of self-development. I will also analyse the impact of related factors (education, family background, work experience and other criteria) on my results. Based on the outcomes of testing, I can say that my strengths are creativity and the desire to achieve individual goals, which I consider the significant aspects of entrepreneurial activities. Test Analysis Based on the results of the test that I have passed, my entrepreneurial tendency is quite high (the average score is 83%). As the main evaluation criteria, five key factors were involved – the need for achievement, the need for autonomy, a creative tendency, calculated risk-taking and the locus of control. The highest rates are related to the aspects of achievement and creativity, and the lowest one are connected with control and risk taking. Taking into account the results of testing, I can note that, regarding the need for achievement, I always strive to rely on my own strengths and skills, which allows me to cope with almost all the tasks set. Also, I am aware of the responsibility that is sometimes placed on me, and I make efforts to complete any work I have begun qualitatively and on time, regardless of its complexity. Concerning creativity, I have always appreciated non-standard solutions and approaches to the performance of working duties. I believe that if a person shows interest and curiosity about new ideas, it characterises him or her as a potentially effective employee. Therefore, I strive to develop these qualities in myself and improve the existing knowledge through self-development and the search for new opportunities. Evidence Supporting the Results As the evidence of the credibility of the results presented, I can discuss the outcomes of the other AULIVE test. The key focus in it is on the analysis of creativity as one of the factors for successful work. In accordance with these data, I have received the highest score in such criteria as boldness and curiosity. In general, throughout my educational and professional activities, I have tried to show interest in various aspects of work and not to focus solely on one approach. It is interesting for me to acquire new and valuable experience, trying myself in different areas, cooperating with like-minded people and, thus, opening the prospects for personal growth. This behaviour gives me an opportunity to adapt to any unfamiliar environment quickly, which is a valuable property in any business due to frequent competition and unstable demand. Therefore, my test results confirm the type of my personality and reflect my interests and working approaches. Antecedent Influences In the process of forming my attitude to work and certain habits, specific antecedent factors have influenced my traits. For instance, upbri
International private schools from the West and Asian countries including India, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Japan. Academic year is based on Western schedule from September to June. High schools are primarily based on teaching structure and standards of American British and French Universities. Children may have to give entrance exams or standardized assessment tests to determine acceptance in schools and the level they may be admitted to (Emslie, 2009). Community v/s International Schools Community schools provide complete immersion into local culture and language. Community schools could provide culture shock and communication barriers to children. International schools reduce culture shock and could be selected according to the native language of the child. Arabic could be chosen as the second language. Preparing students and children for Schools Western expatriates could choose International schools and later transition to community schools after children are accustomed to the culture and language. Prepare children for the assessment and school entrance tests. Elevated school and tuition fees due to private education as compared to public education in the native country. Availability of schools and other requirements should be checked in advance through the International school resources at www.iss.edu and the UAE Interact site at www.uaeinteract.com