ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background and Significance of Enterprise Internationalization The globalization phenomenon has raised the level of competition in the business landscape, forcing multinational enterprises (MNEs) to go global in a bid to survive. It has also liberalized markets, thus, creating opportunities for firms to exploit by setting up profitable operations in foreign locations. Improved cross-border labor flows and foreign direct investment (FDI), technological advances, and changes in the competitive domains of firms are the leading forces behind the internationalization of enterprises in the 21 st century (Buckley 76). Today, national frontiers have diminished as international horizontal and vertical integrations continue to grow in a borderless world. Over the past decade, countries have formed regional and international trading blocs, paving the way for political and cultural consolidation. As a result, nations have developed strong economic ties in doing business. The global interconnectedness promotes trade and FDI flows between countries. It allows MNEs not only to search for new market opportunities to sell their products but also to identify intellectual capital – talented workforce and innovative ideas – to strengthen their competitive positioning (Buckley 77). Thus, the significance of internationalization for enterprises is in growing sales or revenue and exploiting knowledge, resources, and talent available in different locations. The Significance of this Research Internationalization is the ultimate ambition of most domestic enterprises. In this regard, the multinational operation strategy is significant for firms that desire to enter and perform well in foreign locations. Lenovo is one of the few MNEs that have been quite successful in the global market. This Chinese technology firm implements value-adding strategic actions to attain competitive gains in the international arena. Using Lenovo as a case study, this research will uncover how the company formulates and executes its multinational operational strategies. Thus, it will reveal the strategic processes critical for internationalization success. Other local firms can learn from Lenovo’s global expansion strategies to make effective strategic decisions for successful international operations. The Content of the Research The analysis focuses on different aspects of Lenovo’s multinational strategy. First, the research provides the background of Lenovo, i.e., its history, growth, and internal structure. Subsequently, it introduces the concept of enterprise multinational operation. The third part of the research gives the reasons why firms need to go global. A SWOT analysis of Lenovo is given in the fourth section. The fifth part is the most critical component of the research; it is here Lenovo’s strategies are described. The sixth section involves an analysis of the strategic effect of the firm’s market actions. Lenovo’s present issues and challenges are explained in the seventh part. Finally, we will describe solutions to the strategic problems described previously. How to Research the Topic The phen
Marketing in modern business Modern business is based on the marketing planning process and strategic development within the organizational structure. Nowadays practitioners and unskilled businessmen have a chance to study the peculiarities of key principles and elements involved in marketing, through business literature, providing a clear understanding of key features and skills to be developed to make profitable business operations. Marketing education is considered to be an integral part of modern economical and industrial development, as it symbolically and metaphorically clarifies all the required skills and strategies to be used in business running. The role of curiosity The role of curiosity in marketing thinking can be analyzed based on marketing education’s influence on the business environment. For example, Hill and McGinnis, 2007, managed to investigate the key principles of marketing aspects. It should be noted that there is a close connection between thinking and curiosity concepts having intersubstitutable characteristics; applying to thinking, people switch to curiosity at the same time. The central task It is clear that the central task of marketing education is considered to be the students’ adaptation to the business sphere based on principle pedagogical approaches; it is necessary to underline the fact that modern business is in the process of constant development and change, as a result, marketing forces to rapid rethinking and quick adaptation to new phenomena and approaches. A similar idea was presented in the book ‘Marketing Planning and strategy’ by Subhash, who strived to explain that curiosity role is presented as the practitioners’ ability to adapt and anticipate in business transformations; one should take into account the fact that inclination toward a change appeared to be an essential issue
Introduction In recent key events, Russia warned to respond if Finland and Sweden joined North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the U.S. permanently placed its forces in Poland. Russia also opposed USMC participation in ARCHIPELIGO and Finland’s and Sweden’s participation in the largest NATO exercise since the cold war: TRIDENT JUNCTURE. Three countries accused Russia of jamming GPS signals during the NATO event. The country staged live-fire missile drills in the Baltic Sea following a leaders’ meeting with President Trump and has added over 70 formations to Western Military District from 2016. 1 Strategic Environment The fundamental adversary forces include Russia, Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), and Belarus, while the friendly forces include NATO, the three Baltic States, European Union, and Poland. There are neutral forces, namely Finland, Sweden, and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). 2 I discuss the interests, objectives, and other characteristics of these forces under this section. Russia cites NATO’s expansion as a threat warranting its response through additional forces deployment and exercises. Russia competes through cyber-attacks and intrusions, aircraft intercepts and overflights, ethnic agitation, and simulated attacks. It builds a coastal defense that includes missile battalion, army, and tank regiments while constructing new garrisons in the Western Military District. 3 Kaliningrad oblast is Russia’s naval and land power to assert itself in the Baltic Sea area. Forces in the oblast possess Bastion and Iskander SSM, posing a significant A2/AD threat. The oblast’s air defense has S-400 and S-300 with over 250 KM range and powerful radars detecting 6000 KM. 4 Russia seeks to dominate the region, attain cultural and economic independence from the West, and great power status. It plans to destroy the U.S. and Europe link, undermine sanctions support by creating fissures in the E.U. and NATO, remain dominant over energy, and destabilize potentially threatening governments. 5 Current U.S. programs in Russia include cooperation in their 2018 withdrawal from the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF), combating terrorism and other transnational threats, countering narcotics, implementing the START treaty, and militarily communicating to de-conflict Syria. Additionally, the U.S. holds bilateral and multilateral sanctions against Russia. 6 Belarus’ economy heavily depends on Russia since
As a background of Hinduism, Vedic and classical, as a religion it should be mentioned that it lacks a uniting belief system. In other words, Hinduism is actually many beliefs and practices labeled as a single religion. Thus, it can well be enumerated that Hinduism is more of a compilation of different conflicting school of thoughts unlike more modern traditional religions like Christianity or Islam. Hinduism can be compared to sociological or artistic theories like expressionism or surrealism or for that matter modernism or post modernism and not any religion. The difference between Vedic and Classical Hinduism is fundamentally approach towards life rather than beliefs or reformation and the progression from the former to latter is not clear in terms of time. The Vedic part is based on poetic expression of nature and spirituality whereas the classical part is more spiritual and philosophic in nature and it developed around 2000 BC. There are no fundamental differences between the two but more of a transition from one school of thoughts to another. The basic of Classical Hinduism is based on six parallel theories, the Shadadarshan or the ‘Six Philosophies’. These are Shyankhya, Yog, Patanjjal, Dbytabad, Adbytabad and Mimansa. Out of these six only two believe in the existence or the need of existence of God. This form of expression received its complete shape around 1000 BC. (Bhaskarananda, 59) The saints of Hinduism, Vedic or classical, never referred to these philosophies as religion. Rather they called it Dharma- the way of life or how a life should be led. Dharma is basically a code of conduct for citizen more in the pattern of Capitalism or
The issue of social inequity has been prevalent at all times. Many writers discussed this issue throughout their works. Examples of such works can be Recitatif , A wall of fire rising , and The lesson . In these stories, the authors describe the lives, financial and political struggles, obstacles, and self-doubt of the characters. For example, in Recitatif , the writer describes the adversities of the lives of two girls living in a shelter, Twyla and Roberta. While meeting successful Roberta years later, Twyla noted that “everything is so easy for [the wealthy]” (Mays, 2016, p.108). Roberta now lives in a beautiful house and does not have to worry about any problems. In another story, A wall of fire rising , the author describes the life of a man who tries to provide for his family and reach freedom. The man wants to “just be something new,” but freedom seems unattainable, unlike in the situation with wealthy people (Mays, 2016, p.73). The last story, The lesson , sheds light on the life of children in the poor neighborhood and how they learned about the disparity in the toy shop where rich people whose “money […] should last forever” could afford the toys and poor people never had a chance (Mays, 2016, p.333). Thus, the stories all show a disparity between races were people of color have to live in poor conditions and simply wish for freedom and financial stability, and rich people take this for granted. Additionally, the stories end abruptly, making the reader think about what happened next. For example, in The lesson , in the end, Miss Moore asked the children what they thought about the situation when “some people can spend on a toy what it would cost to feed a family of six or seven” (Mays, 2016, p.335). Later Sylvia says that no one will beat her at anything and I assume that through that ex
The set of principles represented by Public Health Leadership Society aims at provision of physical and mental foundations in the context of ethics. The core idea is to emphasize that people are closely interconnected within the community they live in, and thus require public health to have its own set of principles. First of all, it is essential to note that the mission of public health focuses not only on the absence of the disease but also on the promotion of healthy lifestyle, taking into account social, psychological, and physical conditions of individuals ( Principles of the ethical practice of public health , 2002). The document under discussion states that people are inherently interdependent and connected with the family and the community. Therefore, the rights of individuals to adequate health care are to be respected and recognized as fundamental ones. However, public health is more oriented to collaboration with communities as a whole rather than with individuals compared to medicine. This requires the establishment of a separate code of ethics in accordance with the specific goals. Second, public health and accordingly its ethical principles are explicitly stated primarily to protect healthy people rather than those who are ill in comparison with medicine. Considering peculiar characteristics of one or another population, public health identifies key strengths and weaknesses, thus revealing areas that need to be improved ( The public health system and the 10 essential public health services , 2016). Such a strategy helps to prevent the expansion of diseases or eliminate complications. For example, taking into account such issues as neighborhood or housing conditions, public health suggests appropriate practical measures to improve a living standard of community members. Among the most significant diseases considered by public health, one can note weight issues, emergency preparedness, diabetes, and others. Third, as it was already mentioned, public health collects necessary data related to populations. At this point, it strives to empower, educate, and advocate people in regard to health issues ( The public health system and the 10 essential public health services , 2016). This function is also can be considered as one that is unique and distinctive from medicine that focuses on disease treatment. Educating wide populations, public health provides a basis for the further healthy development of society as people who are aware of health issues tend to lead the healthier lifestyle and protect their health in general. It seems important to point out that the community feedback plays an integral part of public health. In particular, it is reflected in assessment and interpretation of ef
Introduction In the modern world of business, a variety of factors might drive companies to merge; nevertheless, it ultimately comes down to the goal of making (more) profit. However, the process of merging is difficult and often may lead to undesirable consequences. This report provides recommendations for two hypothetical travel agencies, Holiday Seekers and Small World, on how to successfully merge into a single organization, Zephyr Travels. The issues of stakeholders, leading the change, organizational culture, and maintaining the change are discussed. Effects of Change on Stakeholders, and Ways to Deal with These Effects It is clear that the merger of the two organizations will have a major impact on all the stakeholders of both companies. Therefore, it is important to assess these effects and take steps allowing for decreasing the likelihood of the situation in which these effects lead to negative consequences for the new organization. To do this, the impact on all the stakeholders and the respective measures to minimize the negative influences will be considered separately. Owners (Stockholders) of the Organization On the whole, it is usually expected that a merger will have a positive impact on the price of the stocks of an organization in the long term. In fact, the decision of two firms to merge is usually made on the basis of the desire of major shareholders to make additional profit. It is, however, stressed that a merger can result in the volatility of the prices of stocks of a business (Jain & Sunderman 2014). In order to ensure that this volatility does not adversely affect the resulting incomes of shareholders, it is important to efficaciously run the new organization so that it brings steady profits, thus also making the stocks stable again, and increasing the long-term profits of the stockholders (Jain & Sunderman 2014). Managers of the Organization Because most branches of Holiday Seekers will be closed, it is clear that a large proportion of its managers also will have to be made redundant. The remaining administrators will have to adapt to the new conditions, learn the peculiarities of the new business, and provide guidance for the employees of the new company (Conway & Monks 2011). The remaining top managers will have the most significant degree of responsibility. In particular, the remaining CEO will be forced to manage a whole new part of a business which will differ from their old business considerably and will need to orchestrate (together with a change team) the process of uniting of two companies so that the new people can all work together in one organization (Tanner n.d.). Managers will wish to keep their position and their salary and will experience stress due to the additional workload (Miles 2013). It will also be within their responsibility to teach the employees new skills (Conway & Monks 2011). Therefore, the CEO should create a pla
Effective urban planning is one of the keys to such an organization of territory that would address the various needs of society and contribute to its sustainable development. Boyz n the Hood depicts the life of people in the suburban area and reveals how the environment affects their perceptions, views on life, and social networking. As evidenced by the movie, the insufficient urban setting takes its toll on all the aspects of the life of the residents, including economic, social, and cultural. In order to understand which factors, in particular, contribute to the low standard of living in the hood, it is essential to analyze the issue of urban planning in several dimensions. Urban Environment Boyz n the Hood reveals the problem of the suburbanization of the society and non-functional urban environment, which is typical of the areas similar to the one shown in the movie. It should be noted that the suburban districts and their linkage with different kinds of communication could characterize the efficiency of urban planning (Kennedy 120). One of the crucial elements is the presence of recreational means and areas, availability of jobs, educational facilities, and other resources that can meet various needs and interests of the community, which were almost dysfunctional in the neighborhood described in the movie (Levy 201). It also reflects the need for a sufficient structural organization of the urban space to ensure the integrity of the sustainable d
Introduction Serial is a popular investigative journalism podcast hosted by Sarah Koenig. The woman is one of the producers of the podcast and the narrator of nonfiction stories. This paper analyses the podcast, paying attention to the case of Hae Min Lee’s murder in 1999. It provides the overall impression on the episodes, discusses the potential perpetrator, and evaluates the techniques used in the podcast. Overall Impression When I was listening to the podcast, I had the feeling that Koenig was sympathetic about some of the characters and did not want to believe that they had participated in a crime. For example, when she described her first meeting with Adnan, she noted his big brown eyes and his innocent look, saying that he looked like someone who could not strangle another person (“Episode 01: The Alibi”). At the same time, it is impossible to say that Koenig’s attitude towards characters was biased because she double-checked their claims and stories they told her. However, the way the woman told the listeners about the case and presented her conversations with the people involved in it showed that she wanted to prove that Adnan was not guilty of killing Hae. Such an approach is understandable because the court had already found the man guilty and there would be no reason to investigate this case if there were no suspicious details about it. Hae’s Death According to the court, Adnan was the person who killed Hae Min Lee. However, I do not agree with this opinion because there are no significant facts that allow making such a conclusion. From the podcast, it is evident that there was a lack of physical evidence on the crime scene; there were no DNA samples, no fibers or hairs. Adnan’s fingerprints in Hae’s car were the only related materials on the case but he had been in it several times, which means that they may not be related to the crime. In addition, Asia saw him in the library but her testimony was not analyzed in the court. Jay’s claims may be considered a lie because some of his friends noted that he had a habit of telling lies and no evidence could support his words. In addition, it is necessary to mention that Jay’s testimonies were different from each other. For instance, his story during the second interview had unmatching time points and did not correspond to the cell phone records. Moreover, Jay lied about several details. For example, he claimed that Adnan’s phone was with him in the car at the time when calls to Nisha were made. Also, none of the calls made around 3 P.M. were made from the place where Jay claimed they were driving at that time (“Episode 05: Route Talk”). These facts do not allow me to believe that Jay’s words were true and that Adnan was the murderer. It is also necessary to mention that Adnan seems to have no motives for killing Hae. The court stated that the young man had to sacrifice everything and betray his religion to be with the girl but it is possible to say that Adnan was not an overly religious person. He participated in unlawful activities, such as smoking weed, and had sexual
Introduction Unlike rescuing people during emergency situations, large animals can (and often do) display unpredictable behaviors which more often than not result in aggressive actions that could result in either further injury to the animal or subsequent injuries to the rescuer. The reason behind this is quite simple, animals, unlike people, are instinctive in nature and as such respond to emergency situations (i.e. falling into a ditch, getting caught in mud, getting their hoof caught in a fence, injury to their legs etc.) by instinctively trying to get themselves out of their predicament through force (Worrell, 2009). Unfortunately such actions often don’t work and this is where the role of the rescuer enters into the picture. Large animal rescue situations demand not only the removal of the animal from whatever obstacle, object or place that their currently situated in but such an action must take into consideration possible alternatives when it comes to removal due to the possibility of further injury to the animal, the level of agitation it displays, the possible danger a rescue attempt presents to a rescuer as well as the necessity for euthanasia in the event that an animal is far too injured or beyond veterinary intervention (Worrell, 2009). All too often improper methods of rescue lead to either the death or subsequent physical impairment of a large animal (attaching a wench to a single or two legs, attaching a wench to the tail, improper rigging systems, reckless use of rope etc.) or even the death of the rescuer (ex: being kicked in the head by a horse). It is based on this that proper evaluation of a situation and the use of tried and tested means of intervention are the most important tools a rescuer needs in their arsenal. This paper will thus explore aspects related to proper methods of rescue and evaluation in order to show what practices and processes are necessary in order to safeguard both the animal and the rescuer in situations involving large animal rescue. Position, timing, communication All rescue attempts must be properly planned and timed endeavors with all the participants involved knowing what their roles are, how to communicate and finally the method that will be utilized in order to extricate the large animal from whatever situation they find themselves in. The reason behind this is quite simple, it has been shown by numerous amateur (involving untrained personnel from either the local community or the owner and a few friends) rescue attempts that improper, ill-planned and uncoordinated rescue attempts often result in not only the possibility of increased agitation of the large animal but could also cause injuries to get worse, would actually cause injuries to occur on the animal or even injure the rescuers themselves due a rescue attempt going horribly out of control (Worrell, 2