ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Inroduction Existentialism is based on the assumption that traditional philosophy is remote from the concerns of real life while the true philosophy should focus on the individual confrontation with the world. World is irrational and absurd, it is impossible to find the true reasons and explanations of events, and humans confront the world only to be able to choose how to live within this world. Phenomenology, similar to existentialism, is the product of earlier philosophers as well as artists and writers. It is based on the assumption that knowledge of truth can be obtained only through considering the entire experience at the moment and supposing that there is a second world lying beyond this experience. Both existentialism and phenomenology developed in the respond to Hegelian idealism and questioned the philosophical assumptions of nineteenth century. Existentialism Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre are the most influential Continental philosophers of twenties century. Prominent existentialists Kierkegaard and Nietzsche strongly disagreed with optimistic Hegelian idealism and metaphysics in general (Moore-Bruder, 2005). They believed that without confrontation of human existence problems, life could only deteriorate. Kierkegaard disliked the system proposed by Hegel in which humans dissolved into abstract unreality. On the contrary, he emphasized that human are capable of making important choices. He was especially concerned with the causes why and how people make choices. The major theme of existentialism is irrationality of the world in opposition to Hegel’s rationality. Nietzsche widened the writings of Kierkegaard to include the themes of emptiness and decadence. He was concerned with the each person’s disdain for meaningless systems, thoughts, and denial of rationality (Moore-Bruder, 2005). Nietzsche believed that humans strive to find the reason of existence only because they want to avoid entire despair. Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre wrote that people live and die without realizing their true essence and seeing things as they really are. Unlike Hegelian optimism, existentialism is pessimistic. Camus noted that people waste their lives in self-confidence instead of realizing the tragic nature of life. He completely rejected Hegel’s idealism and labeled it as forced optimism. Camus wrote that optimism is self-deception which dominates the mode of being (Moore-Bruder, 2005). Life is absurd and there is not ultimate reason why things are the way they are. Thus, humans are strangers to themselves and are unable to meet the fundamental needs (need for understanding and
Introduction This report provides credible information pertaining to customer satisfaction that remains a key element that institutions with strong performance orientation should uphold. This is important since customers are major stakeholders who define the level of performance in terms of product turnover and profitability in various institutions. Their role is critical in ensuring the achievement of institutional objectives. As contained in the report, corporations are currently refocusing their potential in producing quality services and products with an aim of meeting the varying needs of consumers. Indeed, institutions are developing viable operating strategies to foster customer attraction and retention. This is evident in various sectors especially in the hotel industry that is characterized by stiff competition. Institutions that operate in the sector emphasize on customer satisfaction as a competitive strategy. Customer satisfaction in hotels and restaurants As indicated by Hill & Jim (279), customer satisfaction is a key performance driver in the hospitality industry. This explains why most institutions that provide hotel or restaurant services are focusing on providing quality services to consumers. They are keen to providing customized services to consumers in an efficient and timely manner. This helps in attracting and retaining consumers in the sector that has been facing serious challenges that have resulted into stiff competition (Hill & Jim 279). Operators in the industry cite hygiene, affordability, quality of service delivery, aromatic meals and variety of food items as influential elements that affect decision making of consumers. They assert that any institution that seeks to record success in the industry must perform credible research to ascertain customer needs and provide quality services that match the needs with limited complications. Firstly, they must ensure that services are provided under absolute hygiene conditions to guarantee health safety of consumers. That is food items must be prepared under high level of hygiene conditions and in a clean environment. This is essential in preventing attraction of various diseases by customers due to poor health standards. Quality service delivery is also a fundamental element that drives performance in the hotel industry. Hotels and restaurants should ensure that all aspects of quality that entail timely service delivery, excellent product packaging and taste of food are administered effectively (Hill & Jim 279). This should be done to guarantee customer satisfaction by ensuring prompt service delivery. Consequently, affordability of food stuff is essential for consumers. This is evide
Outline Structure The previous decade has witnessed some investigations assessing the applicability of available International Relations (IR) models to, and complaining about the abandonment of the rising economies, and especially of third world (Africa) in particular, in International Relations theory. This essay tries to go past this well-substantiated disapproval, and in its place questions what International Relations theory is supposed to undertake to tackle the problems in the developing world, inquire how academic contributions from Africa may perhaps supplement our perception of International Relations. Conversely, it attempts to understand how the occurrences in Africa and the research produced by Africans can add up to a superior indulgence to International Relations. The focal point is to employ the works of Arlene Tickner (2003a, p. 300), on the emerging economies as instruments of International Relations facts as opposed to objects of International Relations inquiries. And on surveying MacLean’s assertion that ‘‘ Africa’s practices… provide insights for the development of IR theory and policy far beyond the continent ’’ (MacLean , 2001, p. 150). The insinuation is thus not that the total field of International Relations that has been naive to Africa and the confrontations that it facades (Brown, 2006), but relatively subsists to the periphery of the discipline. Wherever there have been efforts aimed at taking Africa into the crinkle, it has been performed from the viewpoint of ‘what capability should the Western International Relations do to slot in Africa’ instead of ‘what can scholars discover from the African experience’. When someone reflects on the wish in native acquaintance from Africa and all of the rising economies relative to sections such as normal medicine or eastern creed and sculpture, it turns out to be clear that it is not a narrative suggestion that comprehend from the non- Western humanity can manipulate the west. Unfortunately this curiosity on how available (Western) information might be developed by aboriginal facts and performances has not unmitigated to the inquiry of IR. Majority of researchers meticulously observe modest worth in developing an endeavor to learn from teachings from the outside edge. The suggestion that academicians in the hub of the field, principally in the US and UK, are the inventors of premise, while scholars in the far away countries, Africa and most of the developing world, are simply clients of the hypothesis; has been prevalent in the field. Regrettably, as Mallavarapu (2005) argues that this outlook is not merely apprehended in the nucleus. Academicians from the emerging economies ‘‘ have been complicit in viewing themselves as mere recipients of a discourse shaped elsewhere’ ’ (Mallavarapu, 2005, p. 1). This implies one impediment in the examination of feasible Afr
Marketing is complex in modern society since consumers are exposed to a lot of information, making them more demanding as compared to the traditional consumer. Marketers would try all possible means to ensure that consumers are motivated towards a given product or a brand. This motivation would help sway the decision of the consumer to buy a particular product. As Wong (2000) says, it is through a motivated consumer that a marketer can achieve the best results in the market. This scholar says that the market has become very competitive because a customer would always have a variety to choose from in any product that is desired. For that matter, it is important to ensure that the consumers are given a reason to motivate them towards a given product. They should have a reason to consider a given brand in the market or a product superior to others. This can be achieved by evoking their emotions. Hawkins, Mothersbaugh, and Best (2010) say that human being by nature is an emotional being. They give a lot of attention to any issue that evokes emotion. These scholars say that in the current competitive world, the best way of motivating consumers towards a given product is to appeal to their emotions. When the consumer’s emotion is evoked, then such a consumer would develop a motivation towards the brand. The market today demands more than just pumping sense into consumers. There is a need to ensure that the consumer is convinced at all costs to purchase a given product because it is only through this that a firm can remain sustainable in the market. Appealing to their emotions would make them give their full attention to that particular brand or product. This would act as a source of motivation for the consumer to buy a given product or be loyal to a given brand. Consumer loyalty plays a significant role in promoting the sales of a particular product in the market. However, the major problem is how to maintain this loyalty. Marketers can tap from this source of motivation in a positive way to attract a larger market share within a particular reason. It is important to note, however, that this may not be a simple process. Fritz (2008) says that appealing to the emotions of the consumers may be the biggest challenge that a marketer may face when using this strategy. This strategy would demand that the marketer appeals to the emotions of a consumer in a manner that would draw not only his or her sympathy but also the urge to be a partner to the firm. The consumer must feel that he or she is motivated to be part of the firm and play the role of a consumer. The consumer would assume the responsibility of being loyal to the firm he or she is convinced to be part of the system. Such a consumer may not be swayed from the firm because of the strong emotion he or she has towards the firm that motivates him or her to be part of the firm. However, the most complex task is how to appeal to the emotions of a market with individuals of varying values, attitudes, and lifestyles. What may be appealing positively to one individual may be annoying to another individual. In one
Introduction With all the research that has gone into Taoism and its relevance with developments in every imaginable walk of life today, it would be incorrect to observe that the Tao-te-ching of Lao-Tzu is not relevant to modern life. It is a practical guide to those who wish to achieve lasting peace, coexisting with nature and not focusing on the race to gain power (a futile exercise); the practical application of Taoist thought in everyday life is described by Rhoads Murphey in his book, A History of Asia. A positive approach to Tao-te-ching Many works of history have been relegated to bookshelves; they merit cursory study only because of their lack of relevance with the world as it exists today. Very often, one comes across leaders of various religions grappling with questions raised by people of varying ages, on the significance that religious texts have in solving the problems that they face today. When terrorism, racism, and fundamentalist feelings grow, a nation tries desperately to quell these forces, all the while trying to find a way to live amicably with neighboring countries. Amidst this turmoil, the Tao-te-ching contains gems of wisdom that can be related to the life of an ordinary citizen, irrespective of gender, color, creed, or any other kind of differentiation. What makes the text appealing to an ordinary man is the pointed advice on various life issues: for instance, on how longevity can be achieved (LaFargue & Laozi, 1994); or on the benefits of allowing people to correct themselves, without overbearing punishment, leading to a simple life (Laozi & LaFargue, 1992). A religion or a way of life? To categorize Taoism as just another religion would not only be a simple act but erroneous as well. For those who are trying to cling on desperately to a religious sect, to ensure a solid sense of be
Introduction The ongoing conflicts in Syria have claimed the lives of many innocent people whose main aim is to introduce democracy in a country that has always been under dictatorial rule. The international community is unable to intervene, even though various options exist. This is because of varying opinions and conflict of interests among superpowers. The United Nations report shows that over sixty thousand people have been killed so far and an additional seven-hundred thousand have been displaced from their homes. Recent report by the United States claims that deadly weapons were used on innocent demonstrators at Aleppo. This is shocking because the leadership of the country could be propagating terrorism. The US has committed itself to using full force to challenge the leadership of the country in case it is conformed that weapons of mass destruction were used on citizens. Conflicts have given room to emergence of Jihadist groups, such as Jabhat al-Nusra, which are demanding establishment of the Islamic state. Russia and China are being blamed for supporting Assad, yet innocent people are suffering. The Syrian regime is unresponsive to wishes of the majority hence it should be removed. In a recent UN meeting, Moscow and Beijing vetoed the UN Security Council declarations, which prevented the use of force against the indifferent regime in Syria. The UN Security Council was proposing isolation of Assad whereby he would not be recognized as the head of state, as well as imposing economic sanctions on his regime 1 . Russia and China are against the idea of slapping economic sanctions and imposing a no-fly-zone rule, which would prevent the killing of innocent people in the country. Other actors in the international system, under the hospices of the United Nations, are considering arming the opposition and giving it technical assistance to oust the Assad administration, which has caused pain and agony to the people of Syria 2 . This article reviews the role of the United Nations in mitigating crises and conflicts in the international system. The paper looks at the progress of the United Nations, as far as extenuating the Syrian crisis is concerned. The Action of the United Nations The United Nations felt in 2012 that Kofi Annan would not manage the Syrian crisis hence he was replaced with a veteran diplomat referred to as Lakhadar Brahimi who would be recognized due to his religious affiliation. Brahimi was named the new UN-Arab League special envoy in September 2012 to spearhead the peace process in the failed state of Syria. The envoy vowed to implement the Geneva plan, which was designed by UN officials to resolve the Syrian crisis. The UN resolution called for a ceasefire and the formation of an inclusive government that would represent the face of the country. The leader of th
Introduction The oil crisis of 1973 is one of the significant moments in the history of the US economy and other related countries. It is differently perceived by the economists, but the unanimity has been reached concerning the problems and consequences this oil embargo had for the world economy in general. In this respect, \it is essential to review the existing data relating to the 1973 crisis. Similar occurrences such as the escalating oil prices have been witnessed. To come up with a conclusive finding on the issue of rising oil prices, it is necessary to review the existing data, which entails studying the causes and the effects of the crisis. The oil crisis of 1973 was basically a conflict between small, less powerful countries of the Middle East and North Africa under the umbrella famously known as the Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC). Oil embargo imposed on such countries as the United States had a serious outcome because this economy has great needs in oil supply due to lack of personal resources. Consequently, the analysis of economical, political, and social pre-conditions as well as assessment of effects of the oil crisis can provide answers on the question related to the crisis in the world in later periods. In particular, it is imperative to track the reasons and causes as well the outcomes of the economic recession, the existing conflicts, and the established relations before and after the oil crisis of 1973. Summary of the Articles Sheets and Kennedy have provided their overview on the situation in the beginning of the 70s of the twentieth century (94). Increased prices and oil shortages had a potent impact on the world economy and had a definite imprint on the spirit of the nation. The event touched upon the countries had a special need in oil and lack their personal natural resources, such as United States. The researchers have also discovered the consequences of the crisis for the all countries, including the one that are the members of OPEC. Though the oil embargo last about one year, it significantly influenced the later crises happened in 1978 when oil shipments from Iran were cancelled due an overthrow of the Shah (Sheets and Kennedy 96). In addition, it should be stressed that the article has particular reference to the consideration of problem of natural resources as well as how this aspect influence the overall economical situation in the world. Political and historical constrains were one of the reasons provoking the economic crisis and this can be further discussed in the given research in more details. Roeder has also provided his unconventional outlook on the event happened in 1973 (166). Specifically, the researcher believes that energy crisis have given rise to new learning approaches and
Political thrillers based on non-fiction books are oriented to represent the plot events extremely closely to reality. However, the reality in All the President’s Men (1976) is depicted vividly and completely, and it is possible to speak about the successful representation of the documentary facts in the context of the highly artistic work. The plot of All the President’s Men directed by Alan J. Pakula depends on the real events of 1972-1973, and it is associated with the Watergate scandal which led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon as a result of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein investigation for The Washington Post. The roles of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were performed by Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman (Coblenz & Pakula, 1976). Alan J. Pakula’s All the President’s Men is characterized by the remarkable approaches to depicting vivid details and illustrating the documentary story in order to make it an effective political thriller. The story begins with arresting five burglars who were observed in the Democratic National Committee headquarters. Two reporters of The Washington Post Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein began to investigate the case. This event can be discussed as the main one for the development of the whole story because the reporters became interested in the event as the trigger for the political scandal that became more obvious with each new detail of the case investigation. The burglars had the bugging equipment, and many aspects of their presence in the Democratic National Committee headquarters were difficult to understand. The financial scandal led to the development of the great political scandal in which President Richard Nixon was involved. The whole story can be described as the clew which was unwound by efforts of Woodward and Bernstein. Focusing on a lot of details and hidden facts and using the help of the anonymous person, Woodward and Bernstein revealed all the incomprehensible points and combined them in a single picture (Coblenz & Pakula, 1976). Thus, the plot of the movie is based on the investigation performed by two successful reporters Woo
Introduction Starbucks is an international coffee company that is present in 62 countries around the world including America, Mexico, China, Germany, and the United Kingdom (Bussing-Burks, 2009). It has stores in different parts of the world that provide coffee, pastries, and other related beverages. Starbucks has appeared in the list of world’s most ethical companies for seven years. Because of its strong policies and procedures that promote best practices with regard to conservation of the environment, as well as treatment of consumers and employees. Its environmental and social policies play a key role in maintaining a good reputation as an ethical company (Bussing-Burks, 2009). It has been awarded many times because of its policies that promote conservation of the environment. On the other hand, Starbucks’ work environment and reward schemes provide job satisfaction among employees. Finally, it values its customers and as such maintains good business relationships by providing high quality products and customer service. Moral and responsible behaviors of Starbucks Starbucks values its customers and provides quality services to their satisfaction. Two ways through which the company acts in a morally responsible manner towards employees include adherence to the equal employment opportunity policy and maintenance of global human rights (Schwartz 2011). The company has a workplace that does not discriminate against any employee regardless of their sexual orientation, religion, sex, gender, or place of origin (Griffin, 2007). Anyone seeking promotion or employment at Starbucks is treated fairly and equally. Skills, job experience, and academic qualifications are the only factors considered during employee promotion, hiring, or dismissal (Griffin, 2007). On the other hand, Starbucks is committed to provision of basic human rights for its employees. For example, all employees are provided with comprehensive health care covers that include their families (Schwartz, 2011). The company advocates for healthcare reforms in order to offer affordable health care services to employees. Starbucks has established several policies that promote environmental preservation and conservation. In addition, it has well-developed recycling policies that reduce wastage of raw materials. First, they have strict conservation measures. For example, they reduced the size of their paper napkins and garbage bags (Griffin, 2007). In addition, they changed their dipper well system of cleaning utensils because it was wasting a lot of water. Secondly, the company has a strict recycling policy. It uses recycled materials to manufacture beverage cups. Furthermore, it is committed to building greener stores that conserve energy and water. In order to reduce waste materials, the company has embraced innovation and new technology in all its stores. Starbucks acts in a morally responsible manner towards consumers by providing high quality products and providing quality customer experiences (Schwartz, 2011). To maintain the qualit