ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Economic history of Egypt This essay seek to look at the history of economic thought in Egypt. It seeks to answer the following questions, the economic history of Egypt, the economic philosophies followed by Egyptian majority, and the major economists who have influenced economic philosophies in Egypt. There is also the major economic events that took place in the history of Egypt, economic policy of Egypt as well as the changes that can be implemented, and finally, how history has shaped the economy of Egypt. Egypt is a well-placed nation connecting Africa with the Middle East. Its economy has stagnated for years due to lack of arable land as well as the skyrocketing growth in population. As such, the economy of Egypt is greatly hinged to its historic philosophies and policies. The economy of Egypt was highly centralized under the reign of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. A number of factors that resulted in 1990s such as IMF arrangements as well as external debt relief due to its participation in Gulf war helped the country to boost its macroeconomic performance. In addition, from the year 2000, the country has put in place structural reforms such as monetary, fiscal policies, new business legislations, and privatizations, which have seen the economy shift to a market-oriented economy, coupled with increased foreign direct investment. The policies and reforms have strengthened the annual economic growth rate to an average of 5% per year, though the gain from economic growth has failed to trickle down. As such, the population is faced with high rates of underemployment and unemployment. As a result, early this year youths went to the streets protesting for political freedoms, a zero-tolerance to corruption, and improved standards of living. This forced President Husni Mubarak to forego the presidency i . The ancient economy of Egypt was termed as a command economy; however such a definition worked less as expected. The economy experienced a hallmark of bureaucracy that resulted in a certain class controlling or monitoring a considerable amount of activity. State officials performed tasks such as reassigning and redistribution of land, assessment of expected crops, collection of taxes, as well as storage and redistribution of the produce. The redistribution and storage were done locally, and during periods of shortfall, regional facilities supplied produce. The Egyptian economy has been stable averaging between 4-5% annually. The continuous growth is attributed to certain developments that the economy embarked on, allowing the private and public sector participation. In the period, 1952- 1966, the major development was import substitution and nationalization. During this period, there was the establishment of an industrialization program, and it resulted in the creation of heavy public industries such as steel, chemical, and iron industries. However, the presence of nationalization erodes the importance of private sector. Additionally, the presence of inter-war, during 1967- 1973 affected the economic performance adversely, thus limiting the public sector import substitution role. During the openness Euph
Introduction Working with Indigenous populations is a humbling but challenging experience that requires dedication and understanding of challenges that such people face on a regular basis. Studying how to work effectively with Indigenous people allows future social service providers to get closer to the root of the problem. For some, the true problem that limits the quality and scope of social services to Aboriginal people and other minorities is white privilege. For others, it is the lack of communication between representatives of minorities and the general population that expands the gap in service provision. This paper will aim to answer two key questions:   * How has the study on effective work with Indigenous people changed the understanding of the future social worker’s role?   * To what extent has the study equipped the future social worker with relevant information and skills? Brief Historical Legacy of Aboriginal Populations As a background to answering the main research questions, it is imperative to give a brief introduction to the historical value of Aboriginal populations because they are the subjects of social workers’ services. Being the first societies to populate Australia, Indigenous people have been subjected to serious injustices and persistent colonization, violence, and exploitation, which are impossible to disregard. The negative attitude toward Indigenous populations was supported by the established ideas and practices of the British colonial system that did not place any value on the role of Indigenous Australians (Ballyn 2011, p. 17). In the worst cases, colonizers in power did not even acknowledge the Indigenous Australians as humans for justifying their acts of cruelty and dismission. Unfortunately, the colonial attitudes of the past led to the establishment of policies, systems, and institutions that continue having an adverse effect on Indigenous populations in modern times (Czyzewski 2011, p. 2). While some may suggest that the past does not have any effect on the way Indigenous Australians live today, the reality is that the population is still struggling with the lack of opportunities such as inadequate education, the lack of health care coverage, poor nutrition, and so on. It is also important to note that the direct effect of colonialism can be seen in policies to control the population, some of them were as extreme as the extinction of the Beothuk or the introduction of contagious diseases to make Indigenous people vulnerable to the environment and thus less capable of resisting their oppressors. The usefulness of Training to Prepare for Work with Indigenous Populations Being Ethical and Understanding Social work practice with Indigenous communities is a complex process since professionals are supposed to engage with people that have significantly disadvantaged (Bennett, Zubrzycki & Bacon 2011, p. 20). Social workers that have gained experience working with disadvantaged populations can prioritize their relationships with clients through re
This paper will examine the position of law enforcement managers. Its duties and requirements will be portrayed. The role of effective communication and law enforcement managers are outlined. Lastly, the significance of productive intercommunication for a law enforcement manager is communicated. In our present era, it seems as if crime and unlawful behavior is on the rise. Day after day we hear about these perpetrators, and as time progresses it seems as if the wrongdoings are becoming increasingly severe. It leaves the American populous in a constant state of fear and apprehension. Although the amount of security and police force have not dwindled, individuals do not seem to be perturbed by the consequences or defamation to their name. Now one could argue that the economic status of our country is in turmoil and it seems like many do not have any other way to support themselves. This is truth to some degree, yet the bottom line is that crime will always be a part of life. Thus, it is exceedingly significant to focus on diminishing the problem, rather than looking to eliminating it completely. The only way that this can become a reality is through quality leadership and management. Now many believe the role of a police chief is simple. “To protect and serve. These four words – the motto for law enforcement professionals at every level.” (Lansdowne, 2007, p. 1). However, the task that is given to police chiefs or law enforcement managers has a vast quantity of necessary skills. These civil servants, in many ways are the CEO of a company. “If you’re seeking a career as a Law Enforcement Manager, you should be able to work under physically and emotionally stressful conditions, have good communication and interpersonal skills, feel comfortable exercising authority over subordinates and be familiar with computers and basic office software. (Education Portal). They have to delegate and problem solve, usually at a rapid pace. The issue is that with companies, there is the possibility of profit loss or gain, while with police chiefs they have much more at stake. On a daily basis these managers have to tend to issues and procure solutions to the most dire of circumstances. Furthermore, they have to ration their manpower, funds, and various other elements to make sure that they are tackling the top priority problems that have the capacity to put the communities they protect in danger. Therefore, there is one quality that every police chief must perfect and have abundant skill in, communication. Now the communication method within the confines of a police station is a very diverse and detailed process. Not only does there need to be clear intercommunication, planning, strategic evaluation, and many other pertinent details, but there has to be execution in expedition. The actual role of the police chief is broad, but there are a few very significant areas in which the law enforcement manager’s ability to communicate is paramo
Conceptual and Operational Definitions of Equity Regarding the concept of equity, different opinions and theories can be taken into account, and scholars’ views concerning the characteristics of this phenomenon may differ. The opinion presented by Alexander (2013) that focusing on the issue of equity in education “is a necessary but not sufficient step in policy analysis” is logical since a series of innovations is required (p. 58). It is impossible to achieve an identical approach to learning without additional reforms, for instance, ensuring free access to educational resources, which indicates the multiplicity of possible measures. Bulkley (2013) considers that there is no any opportunity to provide the clear framework of what can allow achieving the equation of educational outcomes. From my point of view, the conceptual definition of equity implies ensuring a fair approach to education, regardless of individual characteristics and views. An operational term may include the definition of this phenomenon as a set of measures aimed at overcoming differences and the effects of constraints. Technology and Equity Using the achievement of technical progress in the process of achieving equity is possible. However, according to Tawfik, Reeves, and Stich (2016), the implications of innovative development can be both intended and unintended. In the first case, the application of modern technologies contributes to improving people’s literacy and gives equal opportunities in obtaining knowledge. Nevertheless, the authors also mention the poor groups of the population and argue that the inability to afford technological innovations reduces their chances of equal opportunities with others, which happens unintentionally (Tawfik et al., 2016). As Rogers (2016) remarks, technological innovations are the means that can both promote education among the population and limit it, and the Internet makes it easy to implement it. Hardesty, McWilliams, and Plucker (2014) also note “the potential relationship between lack of availability to technology and widening excellence gaps” (p. 71). Therefore, the problem in question is ambiguous and requires consideration from different angles.
Ernist Junger explores various experiences he underwent during World War One in his book The Storm of Steel. Junger’s book, written in form of a personal memoir, highlights how thousands of individuals were affected by the horrors of World War One. When the Storm of Steel was published, it became a favorite in Germany since it adored the greatness of war and the huge sacrifices made by the Germany warriors to end the war victoriously. Junger believes he was lucky to participate in such a great war that will undoubtedly enter Germany’s history. Despite the fact that Junger’s book is very detailed, it is easy to follow since it is divided into chapters regarding various times spent at different locations during the war. Also, the language used in the book is not limited to those in the military, and hence, any reader who understands English can easily read through the book. In addition, the book explores the extent to which soldiers disregard life while at war and the various approaches they use in adapting to the deadly environment. Though the book glorifies the greatness of World War One, it also covers some subtle anti-war elements (Junger, 1996). Accordingly, the book is in depth with several parts that are informative and interesting. For instance, Junger writes that he found so much pleasure when he adventured into war. This situation sounds unrealistic considering the consequences that war presents. In 1912, his father managed to retrieve him from the French Foreign Legion where he had joined voluntarily. However, Junger’s father failed to contain him when he voluntarily joined another war that started in 1914 believing that trench fights would glorify his true nature. Here, it is crucial to emphasize that it is unfamiliar for someone to volunteer into war. By the fact that Junger willingly volunteered himself, a sense of concern is developed. Apparently, Junger was sane when he made his decision. Besides, he believed that Germany soldiers had all the strength needed to win in that war. Even after he underwent the battle of Somme, Junger believed he needed to fight on alongside his friends who fought to death beside him (Junger, 1996). This part of Junger’s book informs us of the determination that Germany soldiers had during World War One. Besides, it is so interesting and absurd at the same time that some soldiers like Junger
Introduction Facebook Glasses are an emerging technology that might appear useful and appealing to several consumers worldwide. However, in business ethics and strategy, it is unclear how companies should interact with such technologies, particularly the ones presented by an industry giant with a hefty deal of controversies under its belt. As with any other step an organization might take, it is exceptionally important to consider the decision of purchasing Facebook Glasses for a team in terms of its ethical implications. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the potential harm that such a decision would generate. The following paper examines multiple perspectives yet ultimately argues that buying Facebook Glasses for the IT company would be unethical since it would lead to more negative outcomes than positive ones. Main body There are numerous ways to regard morality and what it entails. In order to present a clear and concise solution to the conundrum posed in the question of whether the company should purchase Facebook Glasses for the team, it is crucial to select one ethical theory to apply to the dilemma. In the context of this paper, it seems reasonable to choose a utilitarian perspective to examine the issue. In a business environment, enterprises need to make profits and survive. Hence, morality is not simply a question of producing happiness or satisfying needs. It should “ultimately be decided by consequences” (Tavani, 2016, p. 56). Therefore, the following discussion prioritizes the assessment of the positive decisions (to purchase) positive and negative outcomes. Firstly, it is important to acknowledge that as
Dealing with the ideas of rhetorical theory is a rather interesting subject of study, especially if we take into consideration the fact that the proper use of this theory and the practical skills it gives helps people get the benefit. This science presupposes finding unknown meanings of some symbols and using them to indicate the phenomena they actually do not indicate. So, the aim of this essay is to examine the essence of the rhetorical theory, its methods, and the results it gives to its user. Another point of this work is to critically assess the efficiency of the rhetorical theory, its theoretical and practical usefulness. In order to avoid any kind of ambiguity in this essay, I think it is necessary to define the terms we are going to operate within this work. Firstly , let us find out what rhetoric is. Rhetoric is persuasive communication that aims at making your opponent take your side in the argument by means of language units’ use. Advertising, thus, can be called a kind of rhetoric as its purpose is to convince a consumer to buy certain goods. To achieve these goals advertising uses certain socially accepted codes and conventions, called signal systems, which are known to the consumer who can interpret them and make respective decisions. Advertising today is actively making use of the rhetoric theory and it in fact became a trend in creating advertising campaigns. In this article, a specific kind of advertising is examined: visual advertising. As stated in the article and can be seen by all of us, as active consumers, for the past years the visual advertising and its scales have grown with enormous haste. The rhetoric theory in visual advertising is being actively exploited by companies all over the world. The article narrows down the effect of the theory on ordinary consumers. White space – is the advertising tool discussed in the article; the usage of white space in visual adverting. The meaning of this tool is literal: leaving a blank space on the page/cover/big board, etc. It is originally an art tool that is broadly used in advertising practice. Advertising developed a lot from simple and basic: if you want something to sell, put it in the most visible place, so that all of the people could see it, to modern logical and perceptive advertising. Of course, this primitive explanation does not explain the historical background of “white space”, but it somehow resembles the attitudes
Introduction The airline industry is affected by environmental, economic, political, and social factors. These factors dictate the expenditure of the airline, the spending power of the passengers, legal, and policy issues that determine the overall operations of different carriers. Many operational dynamics have to be addressed at regional, global, and airlines’ management levels if success is to be realized. Taking into consideration the different factors, this paper evaluates the national and international policies and planning issues in Emirates Airline and their implication on the profitability of the company. Therefore, the paper centers on the macro factors that affect the aviation industry. External Environment Change and impact on PEST Analysis For any business to succeed, it has to put in place strategies that will ensure that the internal and external environment does not curtail operations. Therefore, in relation to the case of Emirates Airline, the evaluation of the external environment focuses on political, environmental, social, and technological factors (PEST). Political The UAE has been politically stable for a long time, which has resulted in an excellent business environment that favors the aviation industry. Besides, Emirates Airline plays a great role in the economic development of Dubai. For instance, it is crucial to market the region as a destination point for tourists. As a result, the policies of the UAE have been in such a way that they do not affect the airline’s operations negatively. However, due to business dynamics, the main contributor to the region’s GDP, which is the oil revenue, has drastically reduced, and it is likely to influence fiscal policies of Dubai; hence, changes take place in the economic outlook that may negatively affect the operations of the airline. For example, the need for sustained government functions may lead to increased taxation and levies at the airports that will have both a direct and indirect effect on the airline’s performance. Economic Economic factors dictate the nature of business operations at any given time. (Team FME 2013). In the case of the travel sector, a good economy both at domestic and international levels implies that many people will have disposable income that they can use for leisure, such as touring the world. In the case of the UAE, there has been considerable economic growth, mainly supported by oil export and increasing the number of tourists visiting the country. This presents a mixed scenario on the operations of the airline. For example, there have been reductions in the prices of oil, which means that the operational expenses of the company have declined. However, the oil drop implies a possible economic downturn in the region that
Introduction Of late, cases have been reported where people have suffered from unknown illnesses. Such patients have died because of a lack of available medications for these illnesses. In addition, people; especially those from poor countries have died due to lack of proper medical facilities and the cost incurred in treating the diseases. This has spurred the desire by different local doctors to look for ways and means of curing these diseases at a cheaper price. This move has not been received well by qualified doctors with some terming it as unethical and illegal. Such doctors fear that more lives may be lost in the name of trying to treat the affected victims. Today, the issue of using unproven methods in treating patients has been hotly contested. This paper aims at giving some reasons as to why it is morally upright to promote unproven treatments. Reasons for promoting unproven treatment Speak with people from poor backgrounds and they will tell you that catering for medication has become a nightmare to most of them. For instance, people suffering from cancer and HIV/AIDS require a huge amount of money to cater for medical services and buy the necessary drugs. This has led to most of such victims succumbing to these diseases as they can not be treated without money. Despite medical practitioners terming the use of unproven treatments as unethical, it would be wise to try some of the unproven methods that are said to cure specific diseases. It would not be wise to act ethically at the expense of the less fortunate. After all, most of the unproven treatments have no side effects to patients (Vaughn para. 2). Consequently, if the methods prove ineffective they would not have adversely affected the patients. It would be imperative to give these people a chance to try the method. In case the unproven method turns out to be effective, we will have significantly helped the patients. This is because their hope for a good future will have been rejuvenated. One of the major reasons why scientists are against unproven treatment methods is the conviction that those diseases that qualified doctors have been unable to treat are incurable and can not be treated in any other way. As a result, those people who claim to have the capacity of treating them are taken to be quack and their claim overlooked. This has been detrimental to patients as they have ended up dying. It would be wise to try the methods as some may turn out to be effective. One of the better pieces of evidence of the effectiveness of the unproven treatments is one where people have been cured of cancer in China. Doctors in China are using chemoembolization to cure different varieties of cancer (Isahak para. 5). Despite the method not having been proven, some doctors in China have claimed to