ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction This paper presents a summary of land ethic as an approach to conserve the environment. According to Leopold, land ethic serves to change people’s perception of their relationship with biotic community from being “conquerors” to being “plain member and citizens of it”. Leopold contends that land ethic hasn’t been developed or achieved by the American environmentalists. If it is developed and embraced faster, success in conservation of the environment will be realized. He suggests that proper education based on the right content, that seek to create obligation on the part of the human community and the devaluation of the primacy given to economic determinism are the ultimate gate-passes to the realization of the land ethic. The proposal can be used to develop land ethic that supports economic relations with the biosphere. In this case, a cognitive picture of land as a “biotic mechanism” is developed. There is also a need to adopt “biotic pyramid” image instead of the “balance of nature” view which according to him did not capture accurately the little we understand about the soil, waters, fauna and flora. Leopold’s view of humans and of biotic communities According to Leopold, man is part of an interdependent community whose actions have ramifying effects on biotic community. He is contended with the fact that man is self-centered/selfish and is only motivated by economic gains. He adopts a pessimistic view of human being and regards them as being deficient of the requisite social conscience necessary for the formation of land ethic, and therefore man appropriates land on the basis of benefits to be accrued regardless of b
In the first case study, a 60-year-old female patient presents to the office with the complaint of greenish discharge from her left breast. The patient’s discharge is also often followed by pain and burning sensations in the breast. The last mammogram does not show any abnormalities, but the patient’s physical examination reveals the presence of a 1cm module in the breast. These symptoms and diagnostic tests can lead to a variety of diagnoses from non-cancerous to malignant conditions (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). However, the differential diagnoses, in this case, involve fibroadenoma, mammary duct ectasia, and intraductal papilloma. The first differential diagnosis is mammary duct ectasia (MDE) – the blockage of the milk duct. The symptoms of MDE include a nipple discharge that is greenish, black or white, tenderness near the place of discharge, redness of the nipple, and nipple inversion (Song et al., 2018). Moreover, in some cases, MDE can also cause the development of a breast thickening or a mass located near the clogged duct. The patient’s symptoms, as well as the examination, show a resemblance to the description of MDE. It should be noted that MDE often occurs in older women in their postmenopausal stage (Song et al., 2018). A repeated diagnostic test of mammography should be performed to support the diagnosis. The second possible diagnosis is fibroadenoma, a solid benign breast lump. Although it is usually found in younger women, older patients may also develop a fibroadenoma in their breast tissue (Kovatcheva et al., 2015). They are defined as firm, mobile, and round modules that do not present with any other symptoms. The description of the patient’s lump fits with the symptoms of this condition. However, the symptom of greenish discharge is not included, thus making this diagnosis less possible than others. Finally, intraductal papilloma can be reviewed as a potential diagnosis. It is a benign tumor that grows is the milk duct. Its symptoms include the presence of a lump located near the nipple as well as discomfort and white or bloody nipple discharge (Dhull, Sen, Yadav, & Drall, 2017). It should be noted that the majority of cases involve the occurrence of one large lump near the nipple or multiple smaller lumps farther from the nipple (Dhull et al., 2017). Therefore, the patient’s examination does not appear to support this diagnosis fully. Additional tests are necessary to eliminate the diagnoses of fibroadenoma and intraductal papilloma, but it is possible to suggest that MDE is a likely diagnosis for the patient. It should be noted that MDE does not always require pharmacological treatment as it can get better by itself (Schuiling & Likis, 2017). To eliminate or lower the presence of symptoms such as discharge, the patient may consider antibiotics to treat the infection of the mammary duct. For example, Amoxicillin can be used with the dosage of 500 mg orally every 12 hours (“Amoxicillin,” 2018). If the patient’s diagnosis is confirmed and her symptoms are persistent, she may unde
America is dealing with the problem of over crowded class rooms for the past few decades. Much of this has been attributed to the flexible immigration laws that allow foreigners to immigrate to the country and thus causing serious problems of various types. A large number of foreigners from neighboring countries have been entering the country in search of a better future for the past three decades. The report prepared by Fair Horizon Press (2002) states that immigration is the direct cause of over crowding at schools. The statistics indicate the bitter truth that one in every five students has an immigrant parent. About a quarter of these children were themselves foreign born. Future projected score indicates that immigration will cause 96% increase in the school age population in the next fifty years. If immigration problem is not solved amicably it will result in further over crowding of the already existing class rooms. This will also deprive the children individual attention, quality education and some of them may not get a place in the schools at all. A prominent example in this regard is the case of Miami Dade County Pubic Schools in Florida. The county has long been considered as a gateway community for foreigners. According to the fact sheet prepared by the Federation for American Immigration Reform (n.d.) the total population of the county in 2006 was 2,402,208. The statistics show that the strength of immigrant population in 2006 was estimated to be approximately 1,343,545. Let us begin with the basic statistics of the foreign born population in Miami Dade County as is mentioned in the report prepared by the Migration Policy Institute (2000).   * Approximately 51% of the Miami Dade County is foreign born.   * Where as the total population of the county increased by 16%, the population of the foreign born increased by 31%.   * Approximately 21% of the immigrant population entered the USA from 1995-2000.   * The top five nationalities of the foreign born in Miami Dade includes Cuba (525,841), Nicaragua (86,108), Columbia (81,377), Haiti (71,054) and the Dominican Republic (36,870). These five groups constitute 70% of the immigrant population. At present Miami Dade schools are facing the problem of over crowded class rooms due to the immigrant population. A report prepared by Diane Weaver Dunne (2002) states that approximately 41 schools of Miami Dade County are 150% over crowded. Immigrant population is increasing at an alarming level. In the past six years approximately 88,000 immigrant children were enrolled in the Miami Dade County Schools. Thus the immigration population occupies twenty two percent of school seats consisting of 360,000 students. Majority of these immigrant students have little or absolutely no knowledge of English language. Duune (2002) further states that the Miami Dade County school system is considered to be one of the largest in the country and is at par with the New York City, Los Angeles and California school systems. It has been estimated that since 1994 approx
The article on Two insects threatens Louisiana citrus describes insects that threatened Louisiana citrus in the year 2009. The insects diaprepes root weevil comes in various colors; that ranges from glossy black to yellow-orange scales and causes numerous problems in different plants according to Dr. Natalie Simpson an entomologist (Grimaldi 23). The article states that the weevil has a wide host range of approximately 270 different host plants that include ornamental plants and trees. The report also states the symptoms of the disease being massive damage on the young trees and Louisiana crop. This happens because the weevil feeds for several months on the roots. Adult Weevil feeds on the foliage but the larva does most damage especially to the foliage. Plant death result from destruction of tap roots that lead to deprivation of nutrients and water hence, opportunistic micro-organisms gains easy entry. The environmental factors were blamed for causing the disease (Penton media Inc 3). Insect identification Again, Grimadi (32) suggested that the identification of the insect at first was not properly identified. According to Raga, the disease was first suspected to be caused by grasshoppers. Later he discovered that it was something more serious than the grasshopper when die bark of the trees continued. It was this time that the insect was discovered to be the cause of the disease. The Diaprepes root weevils, Diaprepes abbreviatus reported in Florida in 1964 in citrus. An ornamental plant imported from Puerto Rico caused the establishment of the disease. The insect belongs to the kingdom-animalia, Phylum –Arthropoda, Class-Insecta, Suboreder-Polyphaga, Family- Curculionidae, Subfamily-Entiminae, Genus –Diaprepes and species-diaprepes abbreviatus (Weissling 1758). Biology of the insect Tripleholn suggests that female diaprepes root weevils lays around 5,000 eggs in their life span. “The eggs hatch into larva that feeds on the leaves, finally falls, burrow in the soil they then feed on the roots of the plant” (Triplehorn 2). Simpson suggested three lines of defense, through expensive. He said that the egg stage, the larva stage and the adult should be controlled (Simpson 43). The life cycle and the biology of the weevils were correctly known after correct identification. The growers were alert of the insect that transmit the disease that can kill citrus trees immediately after discovery. The story scared the readers as the author advised the growers to be on the lookout because the pest could be a potential problem for other crops such as sweet potato and sugarcane. He also advised the growers to keep an eye on the psyllid. The state did not hav
Introduction Corporate social responsibility for most businesses has been reduced to focus on business ethics. Every company has coined its core values, hence these values have spiraled every aspect of its core functioning including the investors the business deals with. To enhance the business image, ethics have formed a core of business functions. This paper addresses pressures that ensure a business operates ethically. Besides, the paper addresses three major ways in which terrorists may alter the usefulness of the internet and spell out the negative impact of their activities on cyberspace. Lastly, the paper addresses how balance can be established to enhance private communication and measures the governments’ has to institute in monitoring cyberspace for any potential threat. Business and Ethics The roles of investors in relation to changing nature of businesses operations have been altered. More perspective has been shifted on the way they “sees” business performance. In recognizing, the value of their indolent, ethics has formed a benchmark in assessing performance and aiding in decisions making (Jurinski, 2003, P.98). The competitive labor markets exert undue challenges and compel businesses to act ethically to remain competitive in their core businesses. Besides, most employees have shifted the attention of not recognizing normal benefits and paycheck. Nevertheless, they are emphasizing businesses whose beliefs and operative practices correspond to their own ethical needs. Hence, businesses are keen on retaining their skilled employees and encouraging prospective employees should embrace ethics in their operations(Jurinski, 2003, P.68). Further, the stakeholder tendency has grown largely hence they have increasingly recognized businesses activities and firms are making strides in the areas compliant with ethical standards. A code of conduct in relation to employees, suppliers, and the business itself is a sure alternative to retaining the unique image of a business entity. Patent, Trademark, and Copyright A patent is an authorization given to a designer or inventor as legitimacy to sojourn anyone from using it or for marketing purposes without his or her consent. Patents largely shield technical development i.e. new processes or products. For any product to be patent, it should meet three thresholds i.e. the product should be innovative, novel, and useful (Jurinski, 2003, P.109). To ascertain these thresholds, people or businesses applying for patents are obliged to publicize a depiction and information, which can facilitate anyone to make effective use of the product or invention. A trademark is a symbol, phrase, or word that is use
The home entertainment experience is about delivering media-rich content to the consumer which will involve giving consumers what they want at the right time without delays and the exact time when the services are required. But the consumer sector is facing challenges which are the competitions that result from the technologies that are very much complicated which will have a need to make changes to the services that have to be provided to consumers. This is because in the world there are new TV sets, HD, and game devices, which have been connected and led to the generation of home entertainment. There is the development of the Internet, hardware and software, and other services that come up so that they give entertainment to consumers. This will imply that it will not be possible to undergo such competition as the technologies are still changing therefore for this sector to overcome such challenges then it will have the need to know what the industries offer for people. The problems that have been brought by the change in technology can be done away with by coming up with new technologies that will have their concern on specific areas of entertainment this will mean that establishment of such institutions will be important because they will cater to the needs of the people in the right manner. ( Behrman,1999) The impact of science in entertainment in the country has been increased where the changes that are experienced in such entertainment are not right to the country. The impact of entertainment limited, which was established in the year 1985, provides the first trained professional products that are related to music, concerts, and films. These groups have well-experienced workers who are ready to provide services to people of all races. The film investment that has been done by this group has been to produce and distribute films, tile features, and other items that are related to music. The group is also active in providing partners that will be ready to have a co-production in the country and make a list of shows that will be important and will be able to pass certain information to the targeted group. The video impact is a division that was reorganized in 1993 so that it can be able to cater to the needs of people and it has been able to sell its products that is tile features for both local and overseas markets. This impact has been growing so that it can cater to the high demand of the market in the home video and have a strong and be highly potential in several areas. In the impact of entertainment then has been possible to have experiences in organized and production for both local and overseas shows and live concerts that will be used for the home entertainment. Such impacts are important because they cater to the basic needs of the people in dealing with home entertainment through the provision of services that will be important for passing creation information to the young generation. The need for the solutions to be achieved is because people are facing high challenges that result from the changes in technology that are taking place this will mean that ther
Do men and women communicate differently? The variation in communication between men and women indicates how the two sexes are different. Communication of a particular sex to the other greatly differs as compared to same-sex communication. Men and women always have diverse differences in the meaning of what right entails. The differences that emerge between the two genders are based on the fact that what is perceived as a mutual benefit by one gender might seem the exact opposite to the other. The distinctive socializing experiences of the two sexes create separate rules and realities for each gender (Caplan, J (1994). The aspect that should be taken into consideration in the communication between the two genders is how people behave and speak to one another. The tonal difference that entails between the two clearly gives a distinction on the communication perspective. Though they may give the idea of using the same words, a difference in the emphasis of the same words is attained and the implication of this aspect might result in the misunderstanding that usually crops. On matters concerning sensitivity, women are more affected than men and this is the solemn reason that a disrupt usually emerges tending to the breakdown the communication.this is so because the way men communicate is laid on the basis that they have to take time to analyze what they have to give attributes to before communicating. This by far shows how communication is greatly different between the two genders. In many occurrences, men consider the outcome of their communication as they speak as compared to the females who start communicating and gain the insight of their communication later. Does it make a difference in the workplace? In the workplace, when women enter a hierarchical workplace, they frequently try to balance power, talk about relationships and share power equally (Fleishman, E.A. 1953). This is perceived differently with men in that they consider themselves as the dominant gender and when a woman is in the leadership, position in the workplace, most men seem inferior. This aspect is what deters them from effectively laying down the pressing issues that surround them thus hindering the effective communication between the two genders. The sensitivity aspect in the workplace when taken into serious consideration can clearly break the communication between the two genders in that when women take their anger towards men attitude develops therefore leading to communication barriers that might result in incompetence within the workforce (Caplan, J (1994). Tackling work by men is usually perceived in a rather different perspective in that they built an accord with the task in hand when they are already in it as compared to women who build a relationship first in the task. In the work setup, this might result in a conflict of interest between the two parties in that a consensus will not be attained unless the
The nervous system is a part of an organism that coordinates its activity and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of the body. It works in coordination with the endocrine system, which is a chemical messenger system that comprises a number of glands that make hormones (Tortora & Derrickson, 2016). The nervous and endocrine systems work together to initiate and control movement, coordinate body functions, and react to changes in the internal and external environment. The nervous system consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS), which comprises the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves. Nerves transmit information to and from different organs, and the CNS integrates information and coordinates the activity of all parts of the body (Moini, 2019). The endocrine system consists of a number of glands, the major of which are the thyroid gland and the adrenal gland. Glands produce hormones, which are signaling molecules that regulate physiology and behavior (Tortora & Derrickson, 2016). The neural control center for all endocrine activity in the human body is the hypothalamus, which is a part of the brain that connects the nervous system with the endocrine system. Nervous system problems are common and include several types of disorders: infections, vascular, structural, functional, and degenerative disorders. The most common neurological disorders are stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease (“Overview of nervous system disorders,” n.d.). The diseases of the endocrine system are primarily caused by misregulated hormone release, inappropriate response to signaling, lack of a gland, or structural enlargement of a gland. They include diabetes, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome.
The most effective of all Winthrop’s advice is his emphasis on love within a community. He calls upon the “brotherly love” and the collective bearing of “one another’s burdens.” Winthrop claims that society will prosper only through the achievement of unity. It does not mean that individualism should be completely put aside but striving for diversity and connection with other people, and not only with the people within one’s community, would lead the society to equality. Equality is important because it ensures sustainability and adequate distribution of resources. Making empathy the priority will relieve the community from conflicts. America may consider itself a model for the rest of the world, and it probably does. Its domestic and external economies are strong, and they supply the globe with its media and entertainment such as news, movies, music, and literature. The USA boasts about its democracy and freedom of speech; however, its justice systems suffer from racial bias, and its public image in the global arena is hypocritical. The campaign “The War on Terror,” announced in 2001 after the September 11 attacks, has changed the millions of not only American lives but also the lives of people in South Asia. Even though this event was a great tragedy for all American society, the response to it, initiated by the American government, was of the most violent degree. Hundreds of thousands of people in Iran, Yemen, Afghanistan, and Syria have died from American military actions. A significant part of these people were civilians, including children, women, and older people. The racist bias against the immigrants from Arabic and Muslim backgrounds is still present in American society because of “The War on Terror” narrative.