ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the middle of the 1800s, slavery and interpersonal relations between people with different social conditions were considered to be one of the most burning issues for consideration. Different families introduced absolutely different attitudes to the idea of slavery and owner-slave relations. The vast majority of rich people did not find it necessary to respect their slaves and introduce appropriate treatment. However, there were many cases when families took unbelievable care for their slaves and realized that human questions should go first if it was necessary. Nowadays, it is very hard for modern people to imagine how it is to be a slave and to be dependent on other people’s wishes and demands. It is impossible to comprehend what made people demonstrate their power over other people. However, it is also difficult to believe that many people were eager to protect their slaves and provide them with necessary treatment in respect to their assistance in house keeping or other duties. Slavery has to be regarded as an obscure question in the Civil War that divided people into groups, made them fight against each other, and forgot about the amenities of human life that was given to everyone; and in this paper, an attempt to evaluate slavery and to define its strong and weak sides under different conditions will be made. The question of slaves’ role in society turned out to be crucial in the development of interpersonal relations and played an important role in the history considering as one of the main reasons of the Civil War. In one of the letters written during the times before the Civil War, there was mentioned a true nature of slavery: it was said that “each & every difficulty now growing out of the subject of slavery” (Estill 4). From other letters, it becomes clear that the vast majority of people could not realize a true essence of slavery and properly define the reasons of why people had to be divided into slaves and free. “I can never subscribe to the doctrine that Congress must protect slavery in the Territories; never. We must repudiate that vagary” (Stuart 2). Unfortunately, such attitude to slavery was not inherent to all representatives of society. People could not define what position they had to have, this is why numerous discussion concerning slavery and conditions under which people should live took place. The general state of affairs was of double nature in all states before the war, this is why there was a need to evaluate slavery and make it similar in all states. This dilemma was hard to solve even from a religion perspective according to which all people were equal before God: Southern representatives could not support an idea of preaching gospels in those states where slavery was spread because these people did not deserve the right to have any kind of connection to God; and Northern representatives in their turn tried to support this idea unanimously ( Staunton Spectator 2). The development of slavery ideas touched upon numerous people in different ways. Slavery existed, and it means that there were enough people who supported this idea and tried to create appropriate condition
The main features of the Grameen project are the availability to the poor people who have no credit history and are not able to borrow a loan from a bank because of the lack of stable job to give the loan back. In this respect, the Professor Muhammad Yunus who was concerned about the poverty level in Bangladesh invented a strategy and labeled it a ‘microloan’ which enabled the poor population of rural areas to borrow loans and pay them back in a period of time agreed upon by the parties. Women were not willing to join the project at the beginning of its implementation because they were threatened by religious and political leaders of their villages that the Grameen Bank workers would convert them into Christians or give into prostitution. However, the idea of involving women into this project was beneficial as they were considered the most right-lacking category of population. They could not find jobs or have certain financial opportunities; so, arranged marriage was the only way out of poverty, if any. Besides, women could persuade inhabitants of villages to take loans because of their soothing features. Pramila Rani Ghosh was one of the female members of the Grameen project and was able to operate her own grocery store and have a cow to receive milk. However, different events in her life such as enteritis and operation, unknown disease that kil
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls are a family of chemicals regulated by the United States Environmental Agency due to their high probability of being carcinogenic to humans and other animals. PCBs can enter the human body through direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation. Among the adverse effects of exposure to PCBs include disruption of normal baby development, impairment of the thyroid gland and inducing cognitive disorders such as attention deficit disorder among other illnesses. How it All Begun It was in the year 1929 when an American company by the name of Monsotano Corporation began manufacturing in their factories a yellow fluid by combining carbon and chlorine atoms. The formed fluid could not burn nor could it conduct electricity and it made it possible for other profitable electric products such as the capacitors to be produced at that time. They named the new fluid Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl (a combination of carbon and chlorine atoms). The General Electric Company invested heavily in producing the product but as early as 1938, health problems associated with the fluid started emerging and being discovered. This did not deter the electric company from dropping the production level of the compound but rather even increased the use of the compound still in the wake of all these associated health complications. GEC later occupied a former paper mill at Hudson River to build ball turrets for World War II fighters. After the 2 nd World War, the United States economy began rising again, new power lines were erected everywhere and the vast production of new petroleum products promoted the much-needed fast economic growth. Hudson River was not an exception as the General electric company built more and more capacitors and the PCB fluid was more preferred. Sooner than later building codes were using PCBs transformers and no one was concerned about the safety or the health challenges that could occur in later years due to the use of the chemicals. After years of heavy investment in the PCBs, the public pressure made the government realize the dangers its citizens were posed to and in the year 1976, the regulation of PCB production was introduced but by that time, millions of pounds of this dangerous compound were already deposited in leaky landfills. With more than a million pounds of PCB in the Hudson River and almost similar amounts under the two plants which were constructed in the river. The Leakages While the company maintains that all the dischar
The USA is recognized as the second largest citrus importer in the world. Taking into account the financial impact of the Florida citrus industry upon the economy of the country in general, the recent decline in crops and increase in the prices box, more attention should be paid to the strategies of restoring the industry. The disproportional distribution of citrus industry throughout the world can be explained with the climate conditions of particular regions which are not always appropriate for cultivating citrus trees. The native tree was carried by men to different countries from Orient, but it not always can adapt to the climate conditions of new countries (McGovern 342). Columbus is believed to bring the first citrus seeds to Americas. When the early settlers came to Florida, they found wild citrus tress all over the territory of the state. The production of citrus reached more than 5 million boxes a year before the Great Freeze of 1894-95 killed the greatest part of these trees (McGovern 342). However, by the years 1909-10, the citrus industry has been restored to the same level. In 1930s Florida produced about 46% of the country’s citrus production. “In 1980-81 the Sunshine State was producing 61.9 percent of the nation’s supply” (McGovern 342). After the freezes and break of citrus canker disease in 1980s, most citrus trees were replaced to the south Florida for taking advantage of its warmer climate. Disregarding all the challenges of the citrus industry, by 2000s Florida produced about 80 percent of citrus for the USA, one of the world’s leading importers which is second only to Brazil. Florida citrus industry has been developing and changing within the course of time. For instance, prior to 1940s, consumers could get orange and grapefruit juices by squeezing the fresh fruit by themselves or from canned juice. In 1940 in their attempt to create a product which would have the same qualities as fresh juice, but will not spoil too quickly, the Florida Citrus Commission and the United States Department of Agriculture created a type of frozen concentrated juice for the purpose of supplying it to the European allies during the Second World War. The invention of concentrate became a significant even in the history of citrus industry because its convenience appealed to many families and accelerated the development of the citrus market in general. With the growing demands for the concentrate, the question of processing the fruit arose and required improving the processes and technologies. Prior to 1980 Minute Braid and Tropicana remained the major US orange juice brands. “Proctor and Gamble (P&G) evaluated this situation and determined that there was an opportunity for a third major branded marketer” (Morris “The US Orange and Grapefruit Juic
Introduction Childhood obesity has been on the increase in the United States with negative implications on the health of children. Toledo, Ohio has not been spared of this obesity crisis and rates of obesity continue to rise in the region. The high prevalence rate of obesity among children in Toledo is a cause for alarm and it requires direct action aimed at coming up with effective strategies and programs to prevent or alleviate the problem among the population. Owing to the fact that obesity reduces the quality of life and shortens the lifespan of the person, it is of importance that solutions be developed to deal with this problem in children. In recognition of this fact, Toledo Mayor Mike Bell led a delegation of high-profile leaders, earlier on in the year, to a meeting in Washington where they sought solutions to the childhood obesity epidemic that the Toledo area faces (Boyd-Barrett 1). This paper will propose feasible solutions for the obesity problem that Toledo faces. The paper shall begin by highlighting the major causes of childhood obesity in Toledo. Solutions which include: healthy eating, dietary education in schools and increase in physical exercise will be proposed as the best ways to counter childhood obesity. The paper will make use of authoritative sources on the subject to reinforce the proposals made. Childhood Obesity: Causes While there are a number of causes of obesity, Jelalian and Steele declare that overindulgence in unhealthy foods and limited physical exercise are the major causes of the problem (23). This assertion is reinforced by the fact that obesity is mostly limited to people who eat unhealthily and exhibit limited physical exercise. Among the children in Toledo, unhealthy dietary habits are core to the increase in obesity. The home and school environments are some of the major causes of these unhealthy eating habits. In the school environment, many elements such as vending machines and the fast foods offered at cafeterias encourage unhealthy eating habits. These fast foods contain trans fats which have been linked to increased risk of heart diseases and have also been grossly implicated other health conditions including obesity and diabetes (Frary 56). There is also limited availability of healthy foods. Boyd-Barret notes that Toledo is aflicted by a scarcity of grocery stores. In the places there the stores are available, they seldom have any fresh fruits or vegetables to offer. This is in contrast to the high availability of fast food restaurants which are virtually around every corner. Another reason for the prevalence of childhood obesity in the region is a
When the word Great Depression is mentioned, we who had not lived it can only imagine how hard the period must have been, and how difficult life was. Books about the Great Depression tell us of bank runs, unemployment, hunger, economic crash, and a changing of outlook about life. In this essay, I will try to trace the effects of the depression not just on the people who lived it but also among the present Americans. I will show that despite the hardships of the people, they still believed in their government, in the American dream. In fact, I would go on to state that it was in fact due to the Great Depression that made the American people give their government a lot of power. Background It all began in the late 1920s. Life was doing well, everyday life was as normal as it could be during those times. Then, almost without warning, something went terribly wrong. The economy collapsed, the stock exchange crashed, banks failed, factories closed down, and millions of Americans suddenly found themselves out of jobs. The disaster caught everyone by surprise. In fact, even the economists had not seen it coming. No one could give an explanation as to what exactly had gone wrong; no one could foretell just how much things might become. Everything was uncertain, thus producing a sense of helplessness and despair in everyone. At first, the economists had thought it would not last long. They had been almost sure it would be a matter of time before things bounced back and everything would go back to normal. But normalcy did not happen. Soon, everything was going downhill (Collin County Community College, n.d.). The then-president, President Herbert Hoover, was being optimistic about the situation. He did not think of interfering with the economy. He wanted to wait things out, believing that interference would only result in slowing the economy from bouncing back, and in the return of things to normal. President Hoover believed that the most important need was to restore public confidence so businesses would be restored. However, business owners, seeing no reason to increase production when their goods remain unsold on shelves, were less optimistic (McElvaine, 2007). However, the people were not ready to wait things out. By then, there was already massive hunger, and a lot of people were already out of jobs. Few people actually died of starvation, but many were malnourished as there was not enough to eat. There were also those who searched garbage dumps for food or anything they could eat (McElvaine, 2007). People held a protest, demanding jobs and government programs. Below is an account by McCormick (n.d.): “In addition to tax protests, at least half a dozen demonstrations were held in Salt Lake City during the early years of the Depression. Typical were three in the Spring of 1931 when groups of more than one thousand unemployed men and women gathered on the grounds of the City and County building to hear speakers and then march
It should be noted that the research carried out on Shavasana Hammock Café has allowed detecting new trends and initiatives both in the industry and marketing in particular. Importantly, the restaurant business is developing rapidly, and leadership needs to react accordingly to ensure the company’s marketing practices are reflective of the changes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the main trends in the industry and anticipate the future of marketing. Restaurant Industry An analysis of the industry has shown that mono concepts and specialized restaurants, in particular, are gaining greater popularity. Visitors want to observe that the interior of the restaurant is combined with the overall concept of the menu (Pakroo, 2018). This creates a space with an immersive atmosphere in which clients can fully relax and enjoy the food they are served. Moreover, the mono concept is one of the main gastronomic trends in the industry. A restaurant can offer one specialized dish or serve only one type of food that will surely attract new visitors and make them come back again. Marketing Tendencies In terms of marketing, an interesting trend may be observed as well, which is an orientation at a holistic strategy. This approach implies shifting the focus from the product or service to the customer as well as from the sale of goods to customer satisfaction (Haines, 2016). Such an initiative requires the company to expand its understanding of the needs and lifestyle of its customers (Traitler, Coleman, & Burbidge, 2017). The study of Shavasana Hammock Café showed that the company decided to offer customers comfortable hammocks instead of the usual sofas to better reflect the philosophy of both the place and the clients. Thus, the holistic approach assumes that organizations can no longer consider buyers as consumers of goods and services, and they need to find new ways to serve clients based on their lifestyle. Apart from that, this trend affects not only the way the company perceives its customers but also how employees of each department contribute to customer satisfaction. Clients experience negative emotions and discomfort when the goods are delivered late, if they face poor service, when the invoices are written out with errors or when
Challenge facing Mammoth Health System Barb Northrop realizes that Mammoth Health System (MHS) experiences challenges relating to patient satisfaction just six months after assuming the CEO role. It was clear that Mammoth Health System was struggling with patient satisfaction instead of other competing healthcare facilities. On the one hand, Aurora Health System has succeeded in increasing its market share and attracting talented employees from Mammoth Health System by utilizing its reputation as an academic specialty referral center (McAlearney, 2021). On the other hand, MHS continued recording 90 percent patient satisfaction which was considered low, while other health facilities recorded more than 90 percent. Northrop’s Current Options, Pros, and Cons As the CEO, Northrop may consider various options to overcome this challenge that threatens the existence of the Mammoth Health System. The first option that Barb Northrop would consider is hiring a national firm to conduct patient satisfaction surveys. This option would benefit MHS because it would provide critical information to enhance comparison with other health facilities such as Aurora (Irwin, 2019). Furthermore, it will enable Mammoth Health System to answer specific questions, such as whether nurses responded timely to patient’s requests or effectively explained all procedures performed on the patient and whether they undertook applicable processes to improve services offered to patients (Irwin, 2019). Nonetheless, the disadvantage of this option is that it may result in unintended consequences where physicians end up administering antibiotics as a measure to satisfy requirements. However, they could hardly treat the current signs and symptoms. The other option for resolving patient satisfaction issues was embracing organizational change, which is challenging to execute. Comparing patient satisfaction percentages among similar hospitals and health systems within the country revealed that only 11 percent of patients were satisfied with the services offered at MHS (McAlearney, 2021). The exceedingly low patient satisfaction scores fueled a sense of urgency to turn things around at Mammoth Health System. The first benefit of organizational change is that it will cause the Mammoth Health System to become more efficient in its service delivery. Additionally, organizational change will also help the firm’s bottom line by covering a considerable fraction of the uninsured costs. This will provide healthcare providers with more financial resources, hence necessitating a healthier population (McAlearney, 2021). The disadvantages of this option are that it is costly and fosters a decline in the s
Interview Summary Most nations Interviewed with Harib Alsheihi in the United Arab Emirates region are revamping their institutions and ensuring that they achieve the Expo 2020 targets set (Pynes 2013). This paper presents various issues discussed during an interview with Harib Alsheihi. He works in the human resource department as the head of learning and development in Harib Investments. This is a staffing company that interviews and recruits employees for other organizations. He is in charge of employees’ academic development and ensures that their qualifications are valid and relevant to the company. This role is very complicated and involves various stages to ensure that Harib plays his role effectively. First, he is responsible for recruiting staff and ensuring that they have the relevant skills required to fill various positions. This means that he evaluates job applicants and advises the recruitment board about prospective workers. Secondly, his role involves evaluating the existing employees to make sure their academic qualifications are important in helping the company cope with market requirements. He recommends employees for further training to ensure they are equipped with the necessary skills to enhance their productivity. This involves the identification of weaknesses in an employee’s performance and how their tanning impacts these issues. Therefore, he recommends additional training for employees that do not have adequate skills and knowledge in their jobs. Harib is also in charge of developing training programs that ensure employees learn new skills that are important in improving their performance. This includes organizing external and internal seminars and inviting experts from various fields to educate employees on how they can work better. He recommends and approves scholarships for employees that need training. He is in charge of ensuring that all employees have qualifications that will help them to offer better services. Those that did not complete their studies due to financial constraints are given scholarships until when they graduate. This helps the organization to have professional workers that are important in offering quality services to clients. This involves the preparation of training budgets to ensure learners have everything they need to succeed in their education. Harib studied human resource management and has experience in researching employees’ performance. In addition, he has worked with several other organizations as a human resource manager in charge of staffing, promotions, and remuneration departments. Therefore, he has adequate experience in this