ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Company overview HP is one of the companies that provide wide range of products that include personal computers (PC), software solutions, personal digital assistants, portable music players imaging and printing related products and services. HP provides printers, digital cameras, servers, consulting services, IT services, computers and calculators (Hewlett Packard Company (a) 1). The company is the market leader in most of the computer hardware market has rapidly grown and it edged Dell Company in the global PC market in 2006 and was able to manage the lead in 2007. The company is currently expanding to new markets and also venturing to manufacturing graphic recorders, medical electronics and other instruments. Due to the good market conditions, the company is able to maintain its brand image and also enjoys economies of scale. Despite the company‘s huge success, it faces stiff competitions that could adversely affect its long term profitability and revenues. Dominant Economic Traits Market size and growth rate: The computer and peripherals industry has very many competing companies. As at 2011, the market had $12.01 billion dollars. The market has been experiencing fluctuations but the 10 year compounded interest is about 9% and 10% in the expected unit growth. The computer industry is affected by the business and technology forces that control the products that are available and also the profit share that the company has. The market is quite competitive and most of the companies compete for the same market share. Buyer needs and requirement The market for home personal computer (PC) has attained its maximum growth in the United States as well as in other developed nations. This market is currently driven by the need for replacement. There is an increase in the need to have several PC within a given home. This trend will however not affect the market growth by a large margin. The main market now lies with other areas of the world such as Asia and the developing nations. Corporate clients may also want specific computers that suit their needs. Most of the needs for PC have reduced as the buyers have other products with computing functions such as the mobile phones. The buyer’s market is increasing relatively and is fully penetrated with about 111 million household owning a computer in the USA. Due to the saturation that exists in this market, it is difficult for new entrants to join the industry. Number of rivals: The analysis indicates that there is intense rivalry in this industry. There are approximately 1500 companies that deal with PC, software’s and other computer related products. The biggest share of the market is taken by Dell, Acer, Apple, Lenovo and HP. The remaining share is taken by the other small companies. Due to this intense rivalry, the ma
Overview This document is a proposal to design a manual to explain the approval processes on fire protection emergency services on proposed developments on bush fire prone land. Introduction The aim of this document is to describe the nature of a bush fire prone land and the fire safety measures desirable to prevent any accidental occurrences of bush fires. Areas designated as bush fire prone are classified as vegetation areas and buffer zones. The former are typically divided into class 1 and 2. This classification depends on a combination on the vegetation type’s bush fire hazard and the proximity to any proposed development. Furthermore, these vegetation classes can be further divided into twelve sub-categories that are crucial in the determination of the building construction levels and the establishment of property protection zones. On the other hand, the buffer zones are classified beyond the vegetation classification areas and constitute land, which may be directly affected by bush because of an exposure to radiant heat. In most cases buffer zones may be 30 meters or 100 meters in breadth depending on the type of vegetation. Bush fire prone areas are gazetted on a map prepared by a relevant authority in collaboration with the fire protection agencies. These lands are identified on a planning certificate issued under the environmental planning and assessment legislation. Approval processes required if a property is identified as bush fire prone areas Any project, activity, or development on bush fire prone areas requires two distinct development processes. These types of assessment processes will depend on the type of the proposed development activity. For example, an integrated development will need the Bush Fire Safety Authority from the relevant institution to become an integrated development under the legislation governing environmental matters. In addition, there are developments that do not require the Bush Fire Safety Authority. Bush fire safety authority should be obtained for developments such as a subdivision of bush fire prone land that can be utilized lawfully for residential purposes. Other developments on bush fire prone lands for fire protection purposes includes public utilities such as schools, medical facilities, restaurants, sheltered workshops and any other purpose prescribed by the relevant authority such as student or staff accommodation and respite care centers. The relevant institution will be required to forward an application for an integrated development to obtain an acceptance or rejection of the application and the relevant terms for the approval or refusal. In case of refusal of an application, the local authority must al
Introduction Nine years after the U.S. invaded Afghanistan, the country continues to be overwhelmed in mayhem with no noticeable reduction in insecurity, bloodshed and casualties. With no apparent signs of development and steadiness, Afghanistan continues to present the biggest challenge to the U.S. and its NATO allies. The war that was originally waged to seek and destroy Al Qaeda and its Taliban handlers has taken a new shape after ally and nuclear power Pakistan has been victimized by an extremist insurgency in territory along its border with Afghanistan. Before vacating office, former President Bush promised to rebuild Afghanistan, revive its economy, and free the masses but these promises have turned out to be only empty words. Today, close to 90% of Afghanistan’s budget comes from international help. As the situation in Afghanistan continues to become more volatile, analysts are trying to suggest what should be the realistic policy goals for President Obama to pursue in Afghanistan. Whatever decision Obama takes, he will first have to consider how other regional hotspots like India, Pakistan, Kashmir and Iran will be affected. As Obama, continues to weigh his options in Afghanistan, he should be careful not to lose public support that doomed previous wars in Vietnam and Iraq. (Khan) As the years go by, the situation inside Afghanistan continues to become more unstable. Afghanistan has been termed as the country with the most ineffective and corrupt government in the world. The country has also been termed as having the most thriving narcotics trade in the world accounting for 90% of the world’s marijuana. The U.N. has placed Afghanistan 174 th out of 178 countries on its Human Development Index and is also the last country in Transparency International fraud opinion index. Although the U.S. and its NATO allies have dispensed trillions of dollars to help the country rebuild its dilapidated infrastructure and financial system, most of the money has found its way into funding military operations. This has relegated reconstruction and rebuilding into second place and the littl
Introduction: On the Immigration Issue Because of their specific labor force or, to be more exact, the large quantity and the peculiar source of their labor force, the Gulf Cooperation Countries have developed a unique and rather non-flexible approach towards its legal immigrant population, which has resulted in a complicated situation in such countries as Doha and Dubai. Focusing on the issues of immigration in general and the complexities which the GCC countries have in relation to the issue of immigration in particular, the given paper provides a detailed account of the current state of affairs within the above-mentioned states, as well as suggests certain measures which can possibly improve the existing situation. Indeed, if taking a closer look at the above-mentioned states, one will notice that they share a number of common features, such as the fact that the native representatives of the Doha and Dubai culture are only in the 20 percent isle (Facts on File, Inc. 210), while the rest are immigrants. It is also important to add that both Doha and Dubai are ranked pretty high on the list of the states with a relatively high complex index on the efficacy of law as compared to the rest of the states all over the world. Taking a closer look at the two above-mentioned facts, one can possibly find a relation between them; to put it simpler, it can be theorized that the immigration into the countries of the GCC has had its impact on the existing laws in the Gulf countries. The given discovery raises a lot of questions, among which the concern for the laws in the countries where the native population is fewer than the number of immigrants can be mentioned. To start with, it is necessary to keep in mind that there are a range of similarities between Qatar and the UAE. With immigrants making the bulk of their population and their capitals, Doha and Dubai, being among the world’s leaders, these two share a number of similar features. However, there are also a couple of differences between the two megalopolises, especially when reconsidering the driving force behind them. While Doha remains the cultural heart of Qatar, Dubai bets on its technological advances; and, to their credit, with this approach, both cities benefit from their actual assets. In addition, the economical progress of Doha seems somewhat slackened, while Dubai, quite on the contrary, rushes at a very fast pace. However, there is not much distinction between the cities to be made when speaking of the economical approach which they undertake – both seem to have chosen a more globally-oriented type of economical policy to run the state. In the light of the globalization, the given approach seems more than reasonable; once the GCC countries meet the standards of the European countries, they will be able to enter the world market easily. The key topic of the given research is to figure out whether the increase of the number of immigrants and the fact that the current labor force in a lot of the GXX countries is practically made of immigrants has anythin
Introduction This essay investigates the impact of globalization on the strategic behavior of cement manufacturing companies based on the concepts of globalization and the supply chain management concepts and focuses on how HeidelbergCement and JK Cements operate in the industry in India. The paper studies the strategic responses of local companies including JK Cements to the forces of globalization and the influence on their strategic behavior (Carrillo, 1994). Govindarajan and Gupta (2001) define globalization as “the process of integrating different societies into an immediate relationship” (p. 34). Smith (1990) defines strategic behavior as “the specific response of a certain organism to a specific stimulus or group of stimuli “(p.25). Smith (1990) defines supply chain management as “the sequence of processes involved in the production and distribution of a commodity” (p.2). Smith (1990) agrees with Carrillo (1994) who defines globalization as the “creation and growth of globalized activities, that is, phenomena that transcend national borders, extending across, leveraging, and moving between many locations around the globe simultaneously” (p. 25). Globalization is a force that works within a network of firms. The response to the forces that exist in the network influences the strategic behavior of companies including JK Cements in India and HeidelbergCement. The stimuli are based on the supply chain management systems, challenges, and competition existing in the cement manufacturing industry and distribution networks. Carrillo (1994) defines a supply chain as a “system of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer” (p.3). According to Carrillo (1994), supply chain “activities transform natural resources, raw materials, and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer” (p.6). According to Smith (1990), the system theory of thinking regards globalization as the composition of entities interlinked in a network, which interacts to achieve a certain goal. The entities in the network include local and international companies operating in the cement manufacturing and supply industry. Globalization is a concept that enables speedy interconnection by transforming the spatial relationship between entities of a system to relate with higher intensity and velocity. It is a social process, which removes geographic and social-cultural constraints and allows for interactions between different entities to transform them based on a shared behavior (Govindarajan, Gupta, 2001). Globalization integrates powerful transformative forces, which has led to a massive shake-up of the internal and external organization, structures, and economics of the local and international firms (Winch, 200). Such supply chain systems are complex and span the entire globe, which consists of different companies interacting to achieve a common goal (Xueming& Bhattacharya, 2006). It is the complexity of the global supply chain network and the strategic techniques of managing the network that
Background The United States leads the war on terror and works hard to ensure every American and people from different parts of the world enjoy their freedoms. The war on terror has seen Americans die or get injured as they struggle to maintain peace within and outside the territories of this country. Gold Star Children is a movie produced and directed by Mitty Griffis Mirrer after experiencing the challenges of the effects of terrorism. She has done other noble activities and organized events that help victims of war to recover from the shocks of the losses they experienced. This discussion explores how Mitty Griffis Mirrrer has portrayed the tribulations that children experience and how they manage them after their parents are killed in wars. Summary This movie portrays the lives of two generations that experienced war during different times. The main characters include a woman and young girl that lost their parents during the war in Vietnam and Afghanistan respectively. They meet and interact and this enables them to share their experiences and realize that there is life after the death of their loved ones. These characters demonstrate the challenges women and children experience when men leave their families to go and fight for their countries. The woman experienced serious challenges and the effe
Review of the Utah and Minnesota Incident reporting mandates Hospitals throughout the United States have ubiquitous incident reporting practices, with those in Utah and Minnesota, as well as many other states in the United States having particular mandatory reporting structures and systems that they follow. Those covered by Utah’s mandatory reporting rules are licensed hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers located in the state. In Minnesota, hospitals are required to disclose any of 28 specified events as defined by State Statutes. Different states have different criteria for determining whether an incident is ready to be reported. The criteria focus on the level of harm caused to the patient. In addition, there might be guidelines about reporting the same case in other states. Overall, all states will report incidents, according to the event, the patient involved, the result coming out of the root-cause analysis, and corrective action plans intended or taken, as well as any qualifying risk reduction strategy. Both Minnesota and Utah use the National Qualify Forum (NQF). The NQF has a list of serious reportable events, including surgical, product, or device events, protection events, care management events, environmental events, and criminal events. Utah reporting rules call for a description of the incident, the root cause analysis, and action plans. Institutions make reports annually. Thus, there is an aggregation process taking place throughout the year before the hospitals compile the final reports. By extension, nurses and physicians in charge of patients will report incidences. While other practitioners may contribute the information collected and eventually reported, only the nurse, pharmacist, or physician in charge of a patient will certify the information given (NAHSP, 2013). States motivate hospitals to report their incidents by ensuring that reported data remains protected from improper disclosure. In addition, there are monetary penalties imposed on institutions that do not comply with state guidelines on reporting. The legislation ensures that patient information and the identity of the professional who is reporting remain confidential. At the same, when hospitals are dealing with patient safety, they set limits on the extent of sharing information by putting appropriate restrictions on voluntary sharing (Healy, 2011). There is also the use of standardized formats for reporting to ensure that only the necessary information is collected and disseminated. With standardization, it is possible to code information appropriately to maintain its confidentiality. In Utah, reporting involves root-cause analysis, which focuses on staff education, new or revised policy, and communication among the members of the healthcare team, physician education, and new or revised procedures (NAHSP, 2013). Discussion of whether a voluntary or mandatory incident reporting effort is the best Mandatory reporting is rigid. For example, in Utah and Minnesota, the required NQF list may not capture all the events worth reporting. On the other hand, the mandatory nature of report
Gun control has been a controversial issue for decades in the USA. Numerous mass shootings, church slaughters, and suicides – all of those are the factors that raise various disputes and divide the country into two camps: pro and against guns. The purpose of this paper is to observe and analyze the views of the organization Moms Demand Action (MDA) in contrast to the views of the supporters of the National Rifle Association (NRA). Violence caused by gun laws has raised many issues regarding the possession of firearms and its influence on the shooting rates within the country. The representatives of MDA actively fight for the implementation of gun control rules. They intensively oppose the laws that make it easy for individuals to buy guns and carry them. MDA highly support the regulations that will require background checks before a firearm purchase and red-flag laws. One of the organization’s representatives made an interesting comparison of a a possible influence with the changes that seatbelts and airbags brought to the rates of car crash deaths. Currently, MDA claims to be bigger than the NRA, gains more followers, and spreads awareness about gun control through numerous channels (Dvorak, 2019). MDA is a powerful player in the arena of the continuous issue regarding gun control policies. Although the MDA organization grows so fast, NRA still gets the support of different companies and states and they have more than five million members. This association promotes its activities by offering discounts and promotions to new followers. So far, the group successfully has managed to block the emerging protests and legislations that aim to tighten up gun rights. NRA representatives base their arguments on the standards of an individual’s freedom and everyone’s right to stand up for themselves, which makes “America the greatest nation in the world” (Lerner & Twitter, 2018, para. 7). Thus, the NRA keeps protecting its grounds and its beliefs in the necessity of having the right to possess a firearm. In conclusion, it is crucial to note that the disputes and controversies on the issue of gun control will continue to happen. The organization MDA is one of the most influential activist groups who are against gun rights, while NRA is a prominent supporter of guns. American history is full of efforts to toughen gun regulations, and the fight between the two opposing groups continues.
The case of Lionel Alexander Tate is a criminal case, in which a teenager was involved. The behavior of this murderer can be explained with the use of different theories. In this paper, it will be proved that Tate’s post-release behavior provides support for labeling theory. The author will explain how the behavior and the labeling theory are related and to what extent the theory supports the real criminal behavior in Tate’s case. The case of Lionel Tate and Tiffany Eunick occurred in 1999. Twelve-year-old Lionel Tate was left alone with six-year-old Tiffany Eunick by his mother. He killed the girl by stomping on her; however, Lionel Tate argued that he had killed his playmate accidentally when showing her professional wrestling moves he had seen on TV (Murderpedia, n.d.). Besides, it was proved by professional criminals that the actions of Tate were very cruel, leading to various serious injuries, such as fractured skull and broken ribs. This crime can be explained with the concepts of labeling theory. The labeling theory is applied to analyze criminal behavior and motifs of people. It is often useful to understand and study influential development in criminology (Sanderson, 2015). According to it, the probability of being involved in a criminal behavior for a particular individual depends on how a person looks at himself or herself. In addition, behaviors of people are determined by how other people label them: those with negative labels are more likely to commit crimes (Saydjari, Bunn, Kosloski & Ryon, 2015). Labeling theory also states that relationships and experiences in the childhood may impact the criminal behaviors of teenagers and adults (Abrah, 2018). Thus, children, whose parents committed crimes or were imprisoned, are more likely to commit crimes themselves (Besemer, Farrington & Bijleveld, 2017). The labeling theory may be appropriate to explain the murder committed by Lionel Tate, as well as his behavior during and after it. In general, Tate’s post-release behavior provides support for Labeling Theory to the high extent. To prove that, it is necessary to analyze the background of the murderer. At school and among his friends, Lionel Tate had a reputation of a bully teenager who was often a severe and cruel in his behavior (Murderpedia, n.d.). This reputation was likely to influence his criminal behavior because he had demonstrated violence before he committed the crime. Tate had a label of a violent teenager, and it influenced his behavior. One more factor that was likely to impact the behavior of the murderer was the fact that he was fond of wrestling and often watched it on TV. Wrestling is often violent sport, because wrestlers can act aggressively and make injuries to other athletes. Tate liked wrestling and, maybe, he associated himself with wrestlers and wanted to be similarly powerful. This self-identification was likely to commit a crime towards a child. It is stated that the behavior of Lionel Alexander Tate was much fo