ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Successful development of health care in any state is considered to be a very important issue. The way of how health care systems are organized identifies the quality and conditions under which people are able to get the necessary treatment. To understand better what challenges may appear with the representatives of health care, the decision to interview different health care administrators is made. The Mount Sinai Medical Center and the Hospital for Special Surgery are the two organizations that are chosen. In the medical center, the nursing administrator is eager to answer a number of questions, and in the hospital, it was the health care administrator of the finance department who agrees to communicate in the form of the interview. The main theme of the communication is a variety of economic issues and the possible effects on health care. The location chosen for the interviews could be forecasted: both administrators are busy people, this is why it was allowed to spend some time in separate rooms of both hospitals and put the questions for the investigation. The duties of the nursing administrator vary considerably: frequent organization of nurse activities, evaluation of the situation in the medical center and appropriate assistance for patients, consultation, and leadership. Taking into consideration the experience of the interviewee, it was not very difficult to explain the question and possible expectations. This is why the tone of the interview was calm and confident: the interviewer knows exactly what to ask, and the interviewee realizes what types of questions are more appropriate. In the second case, the interview is conducted with a person who has an as good portion of knowledge about the financial situation of the hospitals and the challenges which may appear with time. This is why when the theme of the interview that is economic issues and their effects on health care is announced, the administrator is eager to share his ideas and propositions. The tone of the second interview is official and more educative. In general, each interview lasts about 30 minutes. This time is enough to build clear answers and evaluate the questions. During some period of time, a number of introductory phrases and questions are posed to comprehend the nature of the interviewees. In spite of the fact that these two people take rather different positions in their organizations, there is one question that is similar for both of them. It is interesting to know what economic issues they may distinguish among the rest due to their considerable impact on health care and its development. The point is that two administrators give rather different answers. The one who works directly with nurses at the Mount Sinai Medical Center defines the following three issues: healthcare costs which have been increased dramatically during the last decade, healthcare financing problems which are caused by employers’ inabilities to provide appropriate health care coverage, and, finally, very expensive promises which are given but still not followed. This identification of economic issues is based on the administrator’s personal experience and the necessity to face
In light of the current political climate, do you feel that Plato is right that people who go into public office for motives of financial gain (or power gain) actually destroy the republic? Why or why not? Comment, by using current candidates (of either party,) if possible. Personal involvement among the public offices have serious and complex consequences to a Republican Government. Persuading, inducing or influencing a public officer is considered as a great offense. The current political culture had changed. Instead of classical Republicanism the fair and comfortable Commercial Republicanism is replaced. Public involvement in Government affirms became a curse in many countries. Bribery, use of public offices for personal gain and money are the major aspects of current political corruption. People who go in to public offices create problems for the entire system of a public office. People usually approach public offices for gaining something not in an acceptable manner. So they accept the above mentioned ways such as bribing, influencing and giving money. All these involvements are harmful for a structured community. This may be considered as an ethical offence and it has harmful implications for the people’s observation of good governances. People use public officers for their private need caused in the total destruction of political or administrative system of a country. In the light of the current political or social system one can see that Plato’s comments about the involvement of the people in the public sector to destroy the republic is absolutely right. In the field of political corruption a public officer seeks illegitimate personal gain with the help of patronage, graft, extortion and bribery. People’s involvement in conflict of interest is harmful to the electoral affluence of elected officials. After the result of these involvements the state suffered with poor quality of service and misuse of state funds Medias published a number of stories about severe crime. It is very common in third world countries criminals escape with the help of politicians and other officials. It may be a great challenge for the credibility of an administrative system. In their joint effort Arnold J. Heidenheimer, Michael Johnston defines corruption. They say: “Yet the prevailing definitions of political corruption by recent political scientists have firmly consistently defined corruption in terms of transactions between the private and public sectors such that collective goods are illegitimately converted into private –regarding payoffs.”(Page-6)- ( P
What attempts has Diageo made in the past 15 years to enter the Indian liquor market? How successful was each of these attempts before the current one? Diageo PLC has tried to enter the Indian scotch and whiskey market twice. On the first occasion, Diageo introduced Gilbeys Green Label into the Indian market in 2002. The main target group for this brand was middle-income drinkers who cannot afford expensive liquor but have a desirable disposable income to afford the drink. Gilbeys Green Label was a local brand. Due to its slow pick, Diageo felt that it was wise to concentrate more on international brands than local brands. Diageo, in a joint venture with Ridaco Khaitan, an Indian based company launched Masterstroke into the Indian market. This brand did not take off. This may have been because the Indian liquor market was already flooded with several brands some of which may have strong brand names and huge market shares. All these attempts were not successful. What have they learned from their past failures? or less-than-desirable-results’? What do they plan to continue doing, or discontinue doing this time? What else do you recommend them to do, or not to do? Diageo has learned a lot from its past failures. First, they have learned that packaging is an essential aspect of marketing. Due to this fact, the packaging of their new brand, Rowsons Reserve is better than that of Masterstroke. Diageo also realized that it is essential for this product to meet the tastes and preferences of the local consumers. With this regard, Rowsons Reserve is much sweeter than Masterstroke. Furthermore, it is of higher quality. Thus, the new brand is a better whisky with superior packaging. However, the company has still maintained its target group; middle-income drinkers. Target market identification is essential, especially when entering a new market (Gaillard 45). I would, however, advise the company to ensure that the taste, quality, and packaging of this new product conforms to the culture of the Indian market. Recognition of the local culture is essential especially when entering a new market with a different culture, morals, and beliefs (Keegan and Mark 122). What would be their reasonable goa
German ideologists contend that the country has undergone incomparable revolution characterized with the decomposition of Hegelian philosophy, sweeping of the powers of the past, subjection of mighty empires into immediate doom, and hurling of heroes into obscurity. With respect to German Ideology, it is befitting to note that German criticism did not quit the realm of philosophy. German criticism of body of enquiries sprung from the Hegelian philosophical system, and this explains why the Hegelian System has been criticized widely. These modern critics majored on substance, self-consciousness, the ‘unique’, and man. Many of the German philosophical criticisms were confined to religious conceptions. It is a common notion that the existence of man is the foundation of human history. Men are different from animals in that they embody consciousness and have a religion, besides having social organizations whose basic unit is the family. On a national scale, the relations of different nations depend on how a nation has developed its productive forces, division of labour, and internal intercourse. Division of labour resulted in a split-up of industrial and commercial labour from the agricultural labour. Various stages of development in division of labour are envisaged in clannish ownership, shared and state ownership, and feudal or estate property ownership. Division of labour gives rise to the separation of society into individual families that are opposed to each other hence the unequal distribution of labour. Latent slavery thus arises in circumstances where wife and children become slaves of the husband. Division of labour makes the interests of individuals and those of community to conflict. Individuals become entangled in power alien to them – the world market. When the current state of society is ousted by communist’s revolution, the power becomes dissolved and the institution of the private property done away with. Single individuals will become liberated and history transformed into world history. All sided production will thus result.
The violation of teachers’ rights is a very common problem that arises in both public and private schools. In its various forms, starting with violations of fundamental individual rights and finishing with unlawful dismissals of public humiliation, it becomes more and more disturbing. The major complication is that even when teachers realize that they are being bullied or humiliated, they do not necessarily fight for their own rights because of the fear of being fired, for example. This paper analyzes three different types of rights violations with reference to US legislation that can legally support the accusation in these cases. The First Case: The Violation of Teacher’s Individual Rights The first case study is taken from the book by Blase and Blase (2006), where the authors address the issue of workplace abuse, from its nonverbal manifestations like aggressive eye contact to various verbal behaviors such as public humiliation. Their study was aimed to find the prevalence of principal mistreatment of teachers, and the results turned out to be rather disturbing. The case I would like to pay attention to is the story told by an anonymous victim of principal mistreatment. The woman who works at Camelot School tells about a time when she has tried to tell the accreditation reviewer that “all is not well in Camelot” (Blase & Blase, 2003, p. 12). The very next day after the woman did it, the principal held the meeting when she told that there was a traitor among the teachers, and she would like to find out who exactly it was. Moreover, she threatened with dismissal everyone who “dared to speak up about anything that was negative about the school” (Blase & Blase, 2003, p. 12). Since then, as the woman tells, everyone has understood that if you say something the principal does not like, the repercussions will follow. The woman also realized that she gave the principal an extra reason to fire her at the earliest possible opportunity, but she did not fight for her rights because she was a single mom and did not want to lose her job. Surely, I understand the reasons why the woman did not want to fight for her rights. Still, if she had dared to proceed with the accusation, it would have been legally supported. First of all, the principal violates the First Amendment since she deprives the woman of her freedom of expression and the ability to speak freely ( First Amendment , n.d.). Secondly, this case also falls under the Fourteenth Amendment, which protects people from the infringements of government actors, including school administrative officials ( 14th Amendment , n.d.). Finally, teacher tenure laws that many states establish set particular legal parameters of relations between teachers and school officials (First Amendment Center, 2015). The Second Case: The Unfair Dismissal from Teaching Position The second case tells about the violation of almost the same rights as the first one; however, the man here decided to fight for his rights and faced unfair dismissal because of those efforts. Marvin Pickering, a teacher in one of the high schools in Illinois, once wrote a letter to the local newspaper to throw light on some of the local
Introduction Bahrain is one of the nations among the Middle East nations that are often criticized for lack of free journalism. The country lacks freedom of press and journalism because the governing authorities always monitor the sector in a pessimistic way. Bahrain is headed by the Khalifah family and has a British protectorate. The country has lacked freedom of press since the beginning of civil movements in the Arab nations, and has seen the rise of political movements seeking for freedom of press and democracy for the journalist and the public in general. The International Media Support is making efforts to promote freedom of press in Bahrain and ensure that Journalism is not suppressed (Freedom House, 2011). IMS has been present in Bahrain since 2005 collaborating with journalist defenders to ensure that journalism is effective in the country. This paper provides an analysis of journalism status in Bahrain. Violation of freedom of speech Bahrain journalists are insecure physically as well as in their work and careers in general. Close to 100 journalists in the country have either been sacked or arrested because of their work. Journalists are even calling for aid to end the blow that is affecting their work. The journalists initiated a political movement in May 2011 that was aimed at compelling the government to observe and promote freedom of movement and democracy in the journalism sector in the country. The government countered the political movement by ordering vicious security crackdowns including the deployment of Peninsula Shield forces into the country (Freedom House, 2011). The journalist covered the unfolding of these events through local newspapers and television networks via satellites. They also used other forms of social networking including facebook and twitter. Their actions provoked the government and consequently, close to 100 of the journalists were relieved of their duties while others were threatened of sanctions by the authorities and other powerful organizations in the country. This justifies the intensity of violation of freedom of press and the shaky nature of journalism as a whole in Bahrain. The country was consequently labeled as a dangerous place for journalists and journalism and is still as dangerous as it was in 2011. Some of the journalist have died at the hands of the authorities while several others are in police custody. The number of journalists dying in interrogation centers in the country has been increasing, in addition to close to 35, of them who perished during the demonstrations (Freedom House, 2011). Violent media intimidation Journalists in Bahrain are overly intimidated and harassed by the authorities without valid reasons according to the reports by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). The CPJ noted that Bahrain and Yemen authorities physically assaulted the journalists amid calls to end the acts. Several journalists have been unlawfully detained and harassed by the authorities and this has significantly affected the global efforts of promoting freedom of press.
Introduction Over the last decade, there have been several advances in anesthetic and surgical techniques which have greatly impacted the work of postoperative care. These improved areas have seen many patients recover very quickly with minimal effects from an anesthetic state (Monda & Oesterling: 717). New and improved suturing materials have become available and thus have enabled more operative surgery to be performed (718). Because these techniques facilitate quicker recovery, the patient’s stay in hospital has remained quite short and the number of patients going through surgical wards has increased spontaneously hence drastically expanding the role of postoperative nursing care. However, challenges still exist among patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy and ones who have had a transurethral resection. This is because there are variables that enter treatment decision making such as age, accompanying comorbidities, and patient preference, and significant other demands and opinions (Merrill & Potosky: 1603). Furthermore, prostatectomy may result in serious side effects on the patient, hence treatment and care that seem equal based on disease response and survival may not be significant since most patients have been found to mostly suffer from localized prostate cancer. On the other hand, transurethral resection of the prostate (benign prostate hyperplasia) has become a common urological condition among aging males (1604). Studies have revealed that at least half of men above 50 years of age have some degree of prostatic enlargement even though the cause is unknown (Parker & Tong: 7). When the enlargement of the prostate occurs to the point where urine outflow is obstructed, transurethral resection of the prostate is one of the most commonly preferred treatments (12). Radical prostatectomy In most cases, radical prostatectomy is performed when there is a complete lack of evidence of metastases (Walsh & Worthington: 54). If such a scenario occurs, two types of radical prostatectomies are performed namely: retropubic approach or perineal approach. In the retropubic approach, an incision is made in the lower abdomen and there is a possibility that the surgeon may avoid removal of the nerves controlling erections and bladder muscles (54). If this happens, there is a likelihood of lowering the impotence risk as well as incontinence that is a common feature of many of such similar surgeries (55). However, it should be noted that this does not eliminate the possibility of such complications occurring. On the other hand, a radical perineal prostatectomy involves doing an incision in the skin between the scrotum and anus (Religio & Larson: 259). It is noted that in this type of surgery, it is not possible to do nerve-sparing surgery through the approach and again it does not support the removal of lymph nodes (260). In some cases, however, a surgeon may remove some lymph nodes by doing a small incision in the abdomen through the use of a laparoscope (261). The period for the surgeries may take in between two to six hours, but the perineal approach normally takes a shorter time as compared to the retropubic approac
The importance of a nutritional assessment can be explained by the need to investigate the existence of issues with malnutrition causing damage to the given person’s health. The majority of information can be collected by interviewing the patient and performing physical assessments intended to help patients outline any chief complaints or discuss the history of intaking medications and supplements (Correia, 2018). From the existing dietary habits to serum lab values, all evidence can be utilized to assess the patient’s current condition and decide on future steps. When developing a nutritional plan for a patient, the nurse could use subjective data to transform the patient’s health history into relevant recommendations. With objective information – such as BMI, anthropometric measurements, and body weight – the nurse could take a better look at body functioning (Stein & Hollen, 2020). Additional laboratory tests could help determine the best solution for malnutrition. Another important task for the nurse is to gain more insight into the impact of macronutrients on the human organism. For instance, carbohydrates enable metabolism and generate the energy that enables the central nervous system and muscles (Stein & Hollen, 2020). Proteins are required to prevent infections and diseases from spreading while also controlling fundamental body functions and transporting energy to every cell. Ultimately, fats regulate tissue functioning, protect organs, and store the energy generated by other macronutrients. One of the most impactful disorders affecting metabolism is diabetes mellitus. It occurs when insulin resistance develops within the organism, and the overall level of insulin decreases as well (Correia, 2018). The balance of insulin is usually attained through the interface of glucose transportation stimulation. The level of glucose remains low even after eating, so the patient gets exposed to long-term impacts on kidney reabsorption function.