ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background In his book The Shame of the Nation, Jonathan Kozol speaks about educational issues. Chapters 4 and 7 are devoted to the comparison of urban and suburban, public, and private schools. The author underlines that the deprived student population faces a range of problems that prevents it from receiving the desired education and getting it made. The school environment is full of work-related themes that are promoted by teachers and local corporations. The lack of resources leads to limited learning opportunities and poor offering of further education, so students have no other opportunity but to take such courses as sewing or hair braiding (Kozol 181). “Industry Embedded” Schools In these chapters, Kozol refers to the term “industry embedded” school. In his point of view, this is a school typical for poor and segregated districts. Children who study in them are supposed to identify their future careers before entering a high school. These rules differ but the decision is to be made during the last year of the elementary or middle school. The thing is that students do not have a wide range of offerings as they decide what they are going to do in the future. Even those who are willing to enter some universities have no other opportunity but to take courses and become one of the team players (Kozol 106). Students say that their schools are extremely influenced by local corporations and business people who promote different managerial themes. A lot of these educational establishments are in poor condition. They are not cooled or heated, lack space and resources. Students often do not have enough classrooms as schools are overcrowded. They do not receive required textbooks and desks, saying nothing of nutrition (Kozol 162). Still, the buildings are covered with posters that promote some brands and spread managerial topics. Analysis Personally, I believe that those students who attend “industry embedded” schools have very limited opportunities in the future. Their career path is, in general, connected with becoming one of those team players that are demanded by local corporations and businesspeople. These students are not likely to enter some university. They are expected to follow the career chosen when being a freshman. Many will turn into blue-collar workers, and almost no one will receive an opportunity to “wear a white collar”. From the very elementary school, teachers tend to implement different work-related themes into the educational process. As a result, being kids, students are already encouraged to work as managers and maintain earning-tracking charts. In this way, their future is determined without their will, which is a great drawback of such education. In addition to that, the physical environment of such schools tends to have an adverse influence on students and the way they perceive the world. First of all, the fact that “industry embedded” schools are full of those things that promote brands and spread managerial topics, d
Business Summary Target Corporation is a large retailing company that was established in 1902. It offers a wide range of products such as everyday essentials, fashionables, and differentiated merchandise at discounted prices. The majority of general merchandise in stores owned by Target Co. are edited food assortments, perishables, dry grocery, dairy, and frozen items. The company also has digital channels that include a wide merchandise assortment: many items found in company-owned stores, along with a complementary assortment. The company also makes a regular contribution to the local communities since 1946 in the shape of 5 percent from the profit. In 2020, the company achieved various breakthroughs in terms of profitability. The sales grew by more than $15 billion, which is the greatest peak prior 11 years. The total market share across five core merchandising categories reached approximately $9 billion. The company also peaked at a record-breaking $9.42 of adjusted earnings per share. Strengths   * The company demonstrates high standards of business conduct due to its fame and positive reputation with regards to social responsibility and trendiness.   * Strong brand image, which is the merit of the corporation’s exceptional marketing and advertisement departments.   * The company’s mobile application contributed to the development of digital channels and increased measurement and reporting of online sales.   * The culture within the corporation illustrates concern for the safety and well-being of employees, which ensures loyal, long-term motivated employees.   * Partnership with minority professional societies for recruiting.   * Special onboarding and new hire programs to prepare and train employees.   * Typical customer includes educated adults in mid-40s who are financially more stable than customers in another age segment. Weaknesses   * The market competitors such as Amazon and Walmart offe
With over 200 subsidiaries across the continent, Samsung has devised a powerful business model in order to remain profitable ( Samsung Global Strategy Group 2015). The firm uses innovative strategies and practices in order to produce new products. The concept of research and development (R&D) is also taken seriously. Such changes include eye-catching electronic devices and superior smartphones that can address the needs of more consumers. This paper analyses Samsung’s business strategy. The findings are used to recommend the most appropriate strategy that can support the strategic needs of this organisation in Asia. Current Strategic Position of Samsung Understanding Samsung’s Strategy Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Samsung was manufacturing and marketing cheap television sets and microwaves. According to history, the firm was struggling due to lack of superior products. The level of competition was extremely high thus making it impossible for Samsung to achieve most of its business goals. Many people believed that ‘the firm was also struggling with financial uncertainty’ (Lee & Lee 2014, p. 4). Experts believe strongly that things have changed significantly for this giant company. The company’s products are superior and admirable. Many people ‘purchase Samsung’s products because they believe that they catch the pulse of the consumer ’ (Singh 2012, p. 4). Samsung Group has understood how to focus on the buyer’s emotion. It achieves this goal by offering elegant, superior, and attention-grabbing devices. Such devices are designed in a professional manner in order to remain competitive in the global market. Within the past two decades, Samsung has been combining various business strategies in an attempt to address the changing expectations of its global customers. It has focused on the power of innovation in order to achieve these goals. The company’s products are designed to meet the needs of every high-end market (Jung, 2014). However, competition has always remained a major challenge for Samsung. That being the case, the firm focuses on powerful approaches in order to deal with the increasing level of competition. After producing its first Samsung Smartphone, the corporation conducted a thorough market research in order to understand the major issues facing different consumers. The firm realised that ‘most of the existing competitors were using high prices to market their devices’ (Bouman 2014, p. 8). This observation encouraged the firm to lower the prices of its smartphones by around 20 dollars in various nations. This move was aimed at attracting many potential customers. More people realised that such smartphones were affordable. The move made it easier for Samsung to market more smartphones than ever before. The same business strategy was adopted for every segment and product (Singh 2012).
Introduction Festivals have been part of our culture since time immemorial. Every community in the world has a variety of festivals whereby its members celebrate a unique occurrence or happening. In modern times, several annual festivals are celebrated in different communities all around the world. Different festivals are usually carried out for different reasons. Therefore, the manner in which they are carried out are different. However, unlike the traditional festivals that were usually carried out and attended by members of a specific community, culture, or background, festivals of modern times usually attract people from different cultures, backgrounds, religion, and nationalities. Sonar Music Festival is a prime example. This festival has been carried out in the month of June for the last 17 years in Barcelona. It usually attracts people from different cultures, backgrounds, and nationalities. The event not only embraces art but is also acts as a major tourist attraction earning the city of Barcelona millions of dollars in the three days in which it is operational. This paper shall therefore conduct a micro and macro analysis of the festival industry and determine its stakeholders. In addition, a SWOT analysis of Sonar Music Festival shall be conducted. This will bring a clear understanding of the festival industry and the impacts that Sonar Music Festival has. Macro Analysis of the Festival Industry To understand the external factors that affect the operations of the festival industry, it is essential to conduct a macro analysis. To achieve this, a PESTEL analysis shall be conducted to determine the political, economic, social, technological, and legal factors that affect the industry. This shall bring out essential information that surrounding the operations of festivals in their external operating environment. Due to their nature, politics and society have always been inseparable. It is due to this fact that politicians get involved in almost all societal and community events. Festivals are one of the events in which politicians attend to get in touch with the people. At the same time, it is through such events that individuals get to learn about the political norms and ideologies of a given community, society, or nation. As a result, festivals have always been regarded as one of the ways in which politics of a given region can be developed from. Traditional festivals did not have a lot of economic impacts on the locality in which they were held at. This was because most of the people who attended such events were locals hence they used locally available materials to sustain the function. However, festivals of modern times are different. These events not only attract people from one locality or region but they also attract fans from all around the world. Therefore, at the time when such events are in progress, there is always a high influx of non-locals into the region. Through their expenditures, these individu
Introduction With the world turning into a global village, interactions between people in different geographical locations have been made easier by technological advancements. There has been increased internet usage and many people irrespective of their ages have been using it as a medium of communication and source of any information one may need. However, with the ease of accessing it, many people especially minors have turned into using internet for other purposes which sometimes are threats to their own existence. One of the negative uses of internet which is a matter of concern to many parents is Cyber bullying (Byron, 2009). The use of information and communication technologies to support a deliberate and most of the time repeated hostile behavior by an individual or groups of people with the sole intention of harming others, one is said to be engaging in cyber bullying. Others define it as any form of cyber communication posted or sent by a minor or a teen online whether using an instant messenger, website, a profile diary or even by use of a phone or any device which is interactive with the main intention of frightening, embarrassing harassing or target another minor. Cyber bullying therefore has to involve a minor against another minor but when adults become involved it is referred to as cyber harassment or cyber stalking (Hindunja & Patchin, 2009). Most of the times, cyber bullying is not a one time communication unless it involves death threats or bodily harm. Sometimes cyber bullying may rise to the level of cyber harassment or if the child is young enough it can also translate to juvenile delinquency if the child is too young. Cyber bullying takes place in many forms and they include: Methods of Cyber bullying Those who engage in cyber bullying use different tactics with which they inflict harm. The following are among the methods bullies use: Flaming involves the use of angry confrontation messages by the bully to the victim. Most of the people who use flaming as a bullying method are total strangers who threaten their targets by using vulgar and explicit language. Harassment is the other method bullies use and it is usually inflicted by use of emails, text messages, and instant messages or in chat messages. It involves sending harassing and offensive messages repetitively. Denigration is the other method and it involves using of derogatory statements and then disseminating them electronically. The aim of these derogatory statements is usually to tarnish the target reputation among his or her peers. Masquerading is another method though it’s not usual as it requires advanced skills since the bully pretends to be the target and thus sends offensive messages that appear to have originated from the target. Finally, outing and trickery involves the bully tricking the target into releasing personal information or making statements which the bully later releases to the public through the internet in order to harass the target. This method is usually prevalent among former friends who release secrets and embarrassing photos they used to share and releases them with an aim embarrassing the victims (Galloway, 2007). E
Introduction Obesity has been recognized as a national problem in America affecting well over 50% of the population. This condition has been blamed for many a medical complication as well as death in adults. Owing to the prevalence of obesity there have been calls for action to be taken so as to alleviate the condition. These calls for action can broadly be categorized as government driven initiatives and the personal driven ones. There is contention as to whether the government should be allowed to directly intervene on a person’s eating habits as eating is deemed to be a hugely personal matter. This paper shall compare two essays; one that opposes government intervention and another one that supports government intervention. The claims advanced by both essays shall be discussed and support offered on behalf of the claims analyzed. This shall be in a bid to ascertain which argument is of a higher quality. Argument against Government Intervention The essay by Balko Bradley proposes that each person should be held accountable for their own diet and lifestyle and that government intervention only serves to absolve a person from taking responsibility for his dietary decisions. The author traces the origins of the problem to the move towards a nationalized health care system which leads to the whole American population collectively bearing the burden caused by the obese population. Balko insists that this government intervention only serves to “remove the financial incentive for making healthy decisions” since the law dictates that health insurance premiums be kept uniform. This leads to a situation whereby a person who practices a healthy lifestyle is forced to subsidize the cost of the unhealthy lifestyle person. In my opinion, Balko is not fair in his arguments against government intervention. He begins by somewhat ridiculing the government efforts and takes on a skeptical note as to the success that government interventions would have in reducing obesity prevalence. The author also fails to credibly back up his claims that the current health care system is responsible for the obesity problem and the reader can therefore not able reconcile the health-care system and the obesity problem as the author proposes throughout the essay. Argument for Government Intervention Brownwell and Nestle theorize that the government is responsible for creating an environment in which healthy diets and lifestyles are promoted in the interest or all. This they argue is the only way that the prevalence of obesity in recent years can be curtailed. The authors begin by stating that the food industry is a profit making enterprise and as such, the industry’s primary objective is increased sales even if at the cost of the public’s health and subsequently proceed to draw parallels between the increase in obesity through the years and the increase in the marketing efforts by the food industry. Brownell and Nestle also perform a deductive reasoning in their counterclaims against the personal responsibility argument. The authors assert that irresponsibility cannot be on a constant uniform increase across the world as is the case with obesity.
History Citicorp was established in the 1800’s as a banking institution that was inclined to providing financial services to the merchants in New York and its environs. For a long time, this was the biggest banking entity in America and owing to this fact, it owned a large amount of assets, and in mid-1900’s, it was accorded the name of being the largest banking institution in the world. It was the first financial institution to initiate negotiable instruments, credit and master card schemes. On the other hand, Travelers group is made up of financial institutions dealing in all financial concerns. This includes the provision of insurance facilities. Besides, it also deals with real estate developments and offers asset management services as well. Citicorp and travelers group were merged in 1998 to create one large institution referred to as the Citigroup. Citigroup was expected to establish its operations globally. As a result, it obtained more than one hundred million clients from these locations. Reasons for the merge One reasons, as to why the Citicorp and travelers merger was considered important in the financial industry of the United States was because this merger would create “a financial supermarket hence increasing the economies of scale in both companies” (Walter 34). The other reason was the vulnerability of the travelers group to economic disasters. This merger would ensure that the company has the capacity to retain more financial shocks than before. Most people were also not acquainted with the idea of purchasing insurance premium directly from the company. This merger would therefore, propose this concept to the public. It was believed that, they would appreciate it more keenly owing to the credibility of Citicorp. Citicorp on the other hand, needed to venture into the insurance business, and this was a perfect option as it would allow them get into this business without the trouble of investing. Merger motives One of the motives behind the merging of Citicorp and travelers was to create a larger proportion of assets which would be beneficial to both institutions. After the merging, the total assets for what was now Citigroup amounted to about $700 billion while the total value of the firm exclusive on the assets was $140 billion. The second reason inclined to travelers group was that the company would be in a position to “market common funds and insurance to Citicorp’s retail customers whereas granting the banking units access to an elaborate customer base of investors and insurance buyers” (Federal reserve bank). The next reason for merging these institutions was to reduce the cost of adjusting to new technology, which is changing gradually. The other motive is to allow faster globalization of the institutions as was being experienced in the financial markets. How they work together and make money One of the elements that will be established in the merging of these two companies is the expansion of their operations to over one hundred regions globally. Owing to the merging of their operations, these companies are more likely to attract more clients. This is as a result of the fact that customers will avoid the situat
Barton, G., & Woolley, G. (2017). Developing literacy in the secondary classroom . SAGE Publications. The reading offers an insight into the meaning of literacy for today’s learners and suggests several strategies on how to teach it successfully. Beforehand, the authors discuss potential obstacles, including disabilities, a cycle of failure, and the absence of motivation, and provide a socio-linguistic background to the literacy acquisition process. One of the suggested strategies is problem-based learning that occurs while students collaborate with each other. It makes literacy teaching simultaneously personalized and cooperative, which is possible because one is able to contribute to the bigger task and take ownership of the process. The problems should be authentic and engaging; their completion should imply success, which requires certain discussion skills to be developed during the collaborative work. Those, in turn, will reflect the targeted areas of literacy the teacher wishes to develop. Thus, the reading highlights several strategies in context, and one of them is collaborative problem-based learning that can be used for reading and writing. Brunow, V. (2016). Authentic literacy experiences in the secondary classroom. Language and Literacy Spectrum, 26 , 60-74. Web. The author recounts her experience of teaching literacy and facing the absence of engagement from the students. She is a proponent of the workshop model, which involves student-selected materials and progress monitoring. It has so-called mini-lessons focusing on reading, writing, or both. Then, the author suggests several tools and strategies for developing reading literacy within the model. One of them is close reading, which is a written task aiming to deepen one’s understanding of plot and story elements. It implies that a student assimilates the obtained textual information with their previous experience, and the challenge is not to focus on the latter. As a result, learners become authentic readers with enhanced literacy in both writing and reading. Overall, the article presents a whole learning model to consider and several strategies, one of which appears particularly beneficial.