ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Most feministic writers view the institution of marriage as a deliberate creation by the society to oppress women, as revealed through their works, which always have characters that represent their views on the issue. The writers are mostly radical in their view of the norms that shape the marriage institution. Women are exposed to unbearable situation in their marriages, only because the society requires them to be married. The works of Kate Chopin, Mary Wilkins Freeman, and Willa Cather, exposes the nature of marriages, suggesting deliberate attempts and positive attitudes towards reforms encouraging women to have second thoughts when joining the institution. Views on 19 th century marriage norms The 19 th century marriages remain hit by problems ranging from infidelity through pretence to oppressions as the paper unfolds. In Mary Wilkins, “A New England Nun”, the woman character Louisa is compelled to wait for her suitor for fourteen years in order to get married. This is quite oppressive considering the fact that Joe has another girlfriend and wants to Marry Louisa because he has promised so. Louisa has to leave her solitary life of happiness to go and live with Joe in his place as dictated by the marriage. She is to sacrifice her happiness at the altar of the marriage institution (Wilkins 9). When she gets the opportunity to dismiss it, she does so without any regrets recovering easily. Through satirizing the marriage institution as one shaped by the governing norms, the women writers are advocating for a system that is more flexible for women to pursue their happiness beyond the confinements of marriage. Willa Cather has her males portrayed as weak since the women have to work in order to support them (Cather Para.33). Louisa in Wilkins story, associates the presence of the man around her and having to do some roles shaped by the norms within the oppressive marriage institution. She has to wipe his muddy boots as well as placing a chair for him. These are some of the duties that the woman is compelled to undertake that these writers seem opposed to, hence their campaign for reforms. Kate Chopin’s “The Storm” gives a description of the events of infidelity that take place during the storm. The story portrays the marriage institution as fake and full of pretence. Through the description of the sexual encounter between Alcee and Calixta, who are both married to different people, Chopin satirizes the serenity that appears from outside when viewing the marriage institution as bogus. The two characters seem to satisfy each other best feeling restricted by the rules of their marriage, which they keep stable by simp
Walmart Walmart is an international organization that deals in a wide variety of merchandise with outlets in many countries. The company started from a very humble beginning and managed to expand by increasing the networks of outlets. The company has already captured the American market and has now been expanded in order to be able to sell its products to customers who reside in other parts of the world. Walmart has a culture of establishing good working relationships with its employees and customers. This is a key process in managing quality of its products. Total Quality Management (TQM) is seen through hospitality and cost efficient products. Walmart employees are motivated by the appreciation they get from the company such as the health care services that are paid for by the organization. This incentive and many others in make the employees to be bonded with this company and hence they work as if they own the company. Kenneth (2005) argues that this is very important because you cannot expect employees to work diligently towards customer satisfaction when their individual needs have not been met. There are various strategies that are used by this company to build confidence and trust in its customers. Walmart has a return policy that states that customers can return items that are not fitting accordingly, such as fabrics and other items. But the customer must not use an item if he/she feels that the item does not meet his/her needs. However, there are items such as funeral items and medicine that cannot be returned. The items that were bought virtually can be taken back to the outlets but the ones that were bought from the market place should be handed over to the retailers. The return policy states that the items can only be accepted within ninety days from the day the purchase took place (Mujtaba & Maxwell, 2007). Incase an error occurs during the process of dispatching an item whose shipment fee has already been paid for the customer will be paid the full amount of shipment fee. When customers place an order virtually they are able to know the progress that is being made in delivering their shipments. This is done through follow up calls and email notifications that are sent to the customer to let him/her know that the shipment has already been dispatched and the duration it might take for it to be delivered. Walmart has a customer rewarding system that awards points to customers who purchase from both the Internet portal and as well as the physical outlets. In this program the customers are issued with credit cards that store the points they earn while shopping. When customers who shop online refer their friends they earn monetary points for the purchases made by their referrals. The customers can then check the monetary value of their points and thus make purchases that are equivalent of those points. In the reward system the more a customer shops the more points she/he gains. This approach aims at enhancing customer loyalty to these stores, hence quality assurance (Walmart, 2011). The company is very concerned about i
In a coup d’état of 1970 Hafez el-Assad gained control over the Baath party and declared himself president up to his death in 2000 after which his son, Bashar Al-Assad took over. For the length of both regimes until 2012, did not support a multi-party democracy. Declaring that it was at war with Israel, Syria was under emergency rule. This allowed for sweeping presidential powers and arrests without grounds among other human rights abuses, in the effort to quell discontent against existing regime. The results of this political stance include the Hama massacre of 1982, which left between ten to forty thousand Syria Sunni Muslims dead. Before the Arab Spring, unemployment was widespread among large portions of the youth because of non-productive economic policies. In addition to this, Syria experienced a drought of astonishing proportions in 2008 especially in the northern regions; with effects including seventy percent of livestock and eighty percent of people living in these regions moving below the poverty line. On January 4, 2011, death of Mohammed Bouazizi of Tunisia set of the beginning of Tunisian revolution and by March 15, 2011 protests against the incumbent leadership of Syria had begun. The Syrian government clashed with protestors on the cusp of Syrian revolt. The excessive use of force by government agents led to soldiers defecting, who joined civilians in the process of arming themselves. The Syrian movement has continued over a long time, unlike other revolutions of the Arab spring, where over 70,000 Syrians have met their premature deaths. Alawite Muslims, a struggle for the status quo Defense Minister Hazer al–Assad declared himself president of the country in 1970. Assad was an Alawite muslim, a Shiite sect that makes twelve percent of the Syrian population. Therefore, to protect himself from a rebellion, fellow Alawites were chosento populate the military. This army make up has been a prime source of discord among Sunni masses and as a concession: Sunnis to joined the army, but only in the junior army ranks. The dream of an all-inclusive democracy rose after the death of President Hazer al –Assad in 2000; that his son who became the next president at a relative age of 34 years, would herald a new era of democratic and financial freedom. At the time, he was quite powerful considering his wife being a British born and educated Sunni. A relative phase of democratic space where people carried out political discussions within their homes with friends spread within the country. Furthermore, early on in his presidency, President Bashar Al-Assad announced moving changes to his government. This did not see the light of day; reform implementation did not happen. Further disturbing Syrians President Bashar Al-Assad want to follow his father’s regime undemocratic policies.
Introduction This report highlights the measures that have been taken to address the dangers posed by the dodge ball game in the school. In compiling the report, the main hazards were identified. The report also gives the strategies put in place to control hazards to reduce the risks of playing the game. Hazards The main hazards in the dodge ball game may include aggression between participants which can result to serious physical injuries. The aggressions not only cause injuries to players, but also to members of staff. The aggression can also arise from the spectators or the general public. This form of aggression has the potential to cause psychological and physical problem to participants, spectators and members of staff in the school. Physical obstacle in the school compound can also be a source of hazard to all participants with a potential of causing serious physical injuries. Poor preparations by players such as lack of warm up before engaging in the game potentially poses a risk of physical injuries to participants. To add to this, regular collisions between participants and injuries from equipment such as balls are a threat to both the players and officials. Wrong footwear, jewelry, glasses and poor behavior by players are also hazards that may risk the safety of the participants and the spectators. Risk management strategies Students need to be supervised at all times when they are playing dodge ball. Proper preparation before the game should be done and all players should ensure thorough warm up. No student should be allowed in the field of play without proper clothing and particularly the footwear should be right. All balls should be thrown at a height below the chest. Any ball aiming the head should be prohibited. According to Keyes (14), to avoid injuries from the balls, soft balls should be used. All aggressive players should be removed from the field of play as a punishment. Officials should not condone any unruly behavior from the crowd. Any member of the crowd with such behavior should face a ban from attending future matches. Officials also have the duty to ensure the field of play is free from obstacles that are potentially dangerous. First aid kits should be available at all times. Together with this, a team of well trained volunteers should be made available to administer first aid to all injured players. No jewelry should be allowed in the field of play. Each player should also be made aware of the disciplinary action th
Introduction The lack of knowledge about the laws of heredity, the genetic and ecological structure of species, and the lack of experimental evidence of natural selection served as the basis for the growth of critical attitudes towards Darwinism. Few scientific theories spread as quickly as the theory of natural selection, immediately called Darwinism. Its success was mainly due to a broad synthesis of facts and concepts from various branches of biology, carried out by Darwin based on the hypothesis of natural selection. Evidence of the existence of the evolutionary process was obtained from reliable data from embryology, morphology, paleontology, and biogeography. Embryological Evidence The striking similarity of vertebrate embryos drew many researchers’ attention long before Charles Darwin. Domestic and foreign scientists have deeply studied the similarities of the initial stages of embryonic development of animals. In the process of ontogenesis, many features of the structure of ancestral forms are repeated: in the early stages – more distant ancestors, in the later stages – close ancestors (Quammen, 2004). All vertebrates have a chord at a particular development set, and many insects have a larval stage. Such similarity of embryonic stages is explained by the unity of origin of all living organisms. Some scientists independently formulated a biogenetic law that describes ontogenesis, that is, individual development, as a brief and concise repetition of phylogeny, the historical development of a species. Morphological Evidence Morphological evidence of evolution is based on the presence of homologous, rudimentary, and atavistic organs in many living organisms. Homologous organs have a similar structure plan, performing similar and different functions and developing from similar rudiments (Quammen, 2004). The study of the anatomy of mammalian limbs allowed people to establish a similar plan of structure and formation. Rudimentary organs have lost their meaning and function in phylogeny and remain in organisms in the form of underdeveloped appearances. Rudimentary bones at the site of the pelvic girdle in cetaceans and rudimentary hind limbs of a python indicate an origin from typical quadrupeds. The rudiments of a person are coccygeal vertebrae, the nictitating membrane, the remains of the hair covering the body, the appendix – the process of the cecum, and strongly developed ear muscles that allow them to move. Paleontological Evidence Paleontology points to the causes of evolutionary transformations. The richest paleontological material is one of the most convincing proofs of the evolutionary process that has been going on the planet for more than 3 billion years (Quammen, 2004). Finding and studying fossils of transitional forms makes it possible to compile paleontological evolutionary series of organisms. Fossil transitional forms are forms of organism
Outline Rhetoric is how human beings present their arguments about different events occurring in society. There are two different types of rhetoric, namely; modern rhetoric and classical rhetoric. Classical rhetoric is the traditional form of rhetoric that is mainly aimed at persuading the audience. On the other hand, modern rhetoric is the contemporary form of rhetoric that exists to reexamine provisions of classical rhetoric providing a more cooperative form of communication between a speaker and his/her audience. Some differences exist between the two types of rhetoric as well as factors that influence the level at which different people value rhetoric. Introduction According to (Alexander, 1999), rhetoric can be defined as the art where language is used to give persuasion on various issues. Rhetoric is taken to be among some of the very old forms of arts as it was used in learning curriculums of most western countries as early as Ancient Greece. The kind of rhetoric that was used in those ancient times is known as classical rhetoric while the kind that is being lately used is called modern rhetoric. Their main difference is time though other differences result from their different uses. These involve differences that exist and ways in which arguments are presented as well as the relationship between a speaker and his/her audience. Characteristics of Modern and Classical Rhetoric Classical rhetoric is the old version of modern rhetoric and it’s the form that was used in the olden days starting from Ancient Greece. Classical rhetoric is characterized by the persuasion of the public where people assembled as others addressed them, justifying their views as the correct ones. Classical rhetoric expects people to be very good at convincing the public on their stand of things. Classical rhetoric is also characterized by distinct strategies which orators used to convince their audience. When used effectively, it was believed to allow disclosure of truthful matters concerning issues that could have proved hard to understand in the first instance. Classical rhetoric has a very orderly arrangement of arguments that allows it to disclose truths, thereby clarifying issues that could not have been previously understood. It is also more focused on persuasion rather than communication. (Alexander, 1999) On the other hand, modern rhetoric is the new form of rhetoric that has emerged with its main aim being to reexamine classical rhetoric’s issues and concepts. However, in the course of its reexamination, modern rhetoric has been found to differ from most concepts that were previously defined and represented by classical rhetoric making the two types very distinct. Modern rhetoric is characterized by distinct forms of conducting argumentations where persuasion is regarded as a means by which people try to hide the truth by convincing others. It portrays the value of persuasion in the modern world where a wide range of analyses is conducted in the political arena. Modern rh
The aim of this essay is to study current forms of Hip Hop music while comparing and contrasting them to the Civil Rights era of the 1960’s/70’s. In doing so, I will examine the social, political and economic aspects of selected song lyrics. The objective is to find out whether contemporary Hip Hop has managed to continue the political commentary of past events, or ended up creating an entirely different messaging system due to present-day cultural phenomena. The whole Hip Hop movement grew in itself to forge an entirely new identity for Blacks, both adults and young people, essentially those who were born after 1965 (Ginwright, p. 31). This generation is characterized by an “urban aesthetic” which is expressed through arts, culture, clothing and other trendy items which have far less political connotations than that, which not very long ago, used to reflect the Civil Rights generation (Ginwright, p. 33). The Civil Rights generation had the wherewithal to pull off astounding results that are spoken of even today with great reverence; the ending of segregation in school buses and cafeterias, tireless efforts towards achieving the Black citizen’s right to vote and similar accomplishments that have paved the way for the countless rights and privileges which the current generation of Black youth enjoy (Burnim and Maultsby, p. 51). The contemporary Hip Hop scene, however, has essentially rejected the pious, sanctimonious nature of the Civil Rights movement, as applied to “Blackness” (Brown, p. 90), while making the whole musical premise far less relevant to the political struggles of the Black community. Indeed, as far as their rights and struggles in facing up to systemic oppression are concerned, some of these songs would actually take our present generation quite a few steps backward in time. For example, a song by current rapper, Outcast, seems to mock the whole idea of the civil rights movement if one considers derogatory lyrics about Rosa Parks, such as “ Ah ha hush that fuss/everybody move the back of the bus/do you want to bump and slump with us ?” (Brown, p. 92). Compare it to lyrics of the 1960’s social change era that not only emboldened a benighted Black community, but also extended its solace to anyone who has to remain under the jackboots of an unchangeable system that is thwarting his progress in life. “Soul” was the key here. Those song lyrics radically call upon the oppressed to break free from the manacles of social oppression, and identify with self- empowerment. Let us examine a few more song lyrics to understand the apathy entailed in contemporary Hip-Hop. Public Enemy’s “Fight the Power” makes a cheap dig at “rednecks” and 400 years of oppression, ironically, without identifying the real enemy in their midst. “2 Live Crew” is another Hip-Hop song which glorifies crime. Same goes with “Banned in the USA” which only pays lip service to the sacrifices of Civil Rights campaigners without
Force Protection Requirements Military personnel deployed in enemy territories are often at risk from the enemy. They carry out their mission under harsh conditions. As a result of this, army commanders must strive to enhance Force Protection (FP). FP refers to dealings undertaken by military personnel to alleviate hostile actions directed towards them. 1 The acts may be directed towards the soldiers, combat facilities, or family members. Upon deployment to Somalia, ADF will provide six Force Elements (FEs). Each FE will be assigned a set of specific responsibilities. The components include Force Elements Headquarters, Task Force 21, Reconstruction, and Peacekeeping Task Force. Others are Medical Team and Air Wing. Force Elements Headquarters The force elements headquarters comprises three functional roles. The duties include command and control, logistics, and intelligence. In the military sector, the command and control unit is required to provide authorization and channels vital to the accomplishment of set missions. 2 Command and control ensure army officers carry out their operations while adhering to lawful authority. To ensure effective force protection, the logistics arm is required to plan and organize safe transportation of army troops and equipment. The intelligence is required to analyze, process, and distribute vital tactical information concerning enemy forces and high-risk battle areas. 3 Task Force 21 Task Force 21 is broken down into three primary functional roles crucial for force protection. The duties include long-range reconnaissance, direct action, and training and advising. Long-range reconnaissance is comprised of teams required to conduct surveillance patrols deep in the enemy grounds. 4 Besides, Task Force 21 is required to set up short and precise duration strikes on enemy territories. The operations are aimed at seizing, recovering, or destroying specific targets on the other side. To ensure proper force protection, Task Force 21 is required to conduct rigorous training and advise the army personnel before being deployed to battlefields. 5 Reconstruction Task Force (RTF) Reconstruction Task Force is charged with the responsibility of carrying out edifice activities, quick impact projects, and demining operations. The military department engages in such tasks as rebuilding and community-based activities. 6 The Quick Impact Projects take a maximum period of six months. Their primary aim is to help affected countries, such as Somalia, achieve a stable and secure future. Demining is a force protection component that involves detecting and removing land mines. The mines may endanger the safety of the soldiers on the battlefield. Peacekeeping Taskforce The Peacekeeping Unit will ensure force protection by monitoring peace p