ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In contemporary society, motivators, values, and styles of communication differ among employees. Diversity is brought about by differences in ethnicities, levels of education, ages, and gender among others. By definition, a generation is a cluster of persons sharing similar birth years or periods. Different generations are often defined by experiences, tastes, and sometimes attitudes. In relation to the Dubai Municipality, the main generations of employees belong to the Traditionalists (born before the Second World War), Baby Boomers (born between the late 1940s and early 1960s), Generation X (born between the mid-1960s and early 1980s), Millennials (born between the early 1980s and 2000s), and Generation Z (born after the Millennials) (David 51). This paper reviews the aspect of generational diversity and its impacts on the current multigenerational workplace. Specification, the analysis is based on my workplace within the Dubai Municipality, which is an ideal example of a multigenerational workplace. In relation to workplace communication at the Dubai Municipality, the Matures seems extremely loyal to the employer and have served for the longest time due to the solder mentality at the time when they were growing up. The Matures are much disciplined and respect the hierarchy and ranks in the organization. On the other hand, the Baby Boomer prefers teamwork and a consensual leadership approach. Besides, they hate conforming to the status quo and are often the change agents (Gandhi par. 4). The Baby Boomers are the most workaholic employees in the Dubai Municipality. Generation X-ers are very autonomous and prefer self-reliance in executing their duties within the organization (Bustin 35). They have limited trust in the management and very skeptical when communicating or passing down instructions to others. Their loyalty and commitment are carefully selected for fear of disappointment. Interestingly, Generation X-ers are the most causal employees when approaching or communicating with those in the higher ranks at the Dubai Municipality. This group also hates bureaucracy with a passion, especially when they feel that the long chain of command is needless (Bowman 8). Employees of the Dubai Municipality who belong to the Millennials tend to value opportunity and autonomy when engaging those in higher ranks and other coworkers. This group has internalized the habit of mul
Introduction The pregnancy phase is an important period for all mothers. As the new life grows within the womb, the pregnant woman’s body undergoes changes. To ensure that the pregnancy occurs in an ideal manner, women are encouraged to eat healthy foods and engage in exercise. Research into the relationship between exercise and pregnancy provides clear evidence that properly designed exercises are beneficial to the mother and child (Stephens 326). Many pregnant women, therefore, seek out exercise programs during their pregnancy. One form of exercise that has appealed to many pregnant women is yoga. Practicing yoga leads to the overall conditioning of the mind and body of the yoga student. This paper will provide informative research into prenatal yoga with a focus on the Blossom yoga studio and its services. Classes offered to Pregnant Women at Blossom Blossom offers a wide range of yoga programs for various groups of individuals. There are fitness classes specially designed for all pregnant women, regardless of whether they are experiencing their first pregnancy or have been through pregnancy before. The classes offered to make it possible for expectant mothers to enjoy the significant benefits that yoga brings to the mother and baby. In addition to this, the classes present a good opportunity for connections to be made as to the various pregnant women in the yoga class practice together and socialize after the class. What are some of the benefits of yoga? Another significant benefit of prenatal yoga is that it reduces the levels of stress and anxiety experienced by pregnant women. Stress has become a defining characteristic of modern society where many people experience varying levels of psychological stress. Women experiencing pregnancy are exposed to even higher levels of stress than the rest of the population. If unchecked, maternal stress might lead to a number of undesirable results. Narendran (2005) documents that pregnant women with high stress and anxiety levels are at risk for spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, malformations, and asymmetric growth retardation. These declarations are corroborated by Rakhshani (2010) who asserts that maternal stress not only negatively affects maternal immunity but also is also linked to many hypertension-related complications of pregnancy. Due to the significant adverse effects that stress has on pregnancy, numerous efforts have been made to come up with ways to alleviate stress during pregnancy. Yoga contributes to stress reduction by the practice of deep relaxation, slow controlled breathing, and mind-calming techniques. Narendran (2005) documents that the gentle stretching and impro
The best product one could get for the elderly is the elixir of youth. Despite scientific advancement in the field of medicine, man has not succeeded in developing a product that can reverse the aging process and hence eradicate problems prevalent with old people like: loneliness, frequent illnesses due to reduced immunity, the need to feel loved, protection from minor accidents and security. The writer proposes homecare as a service that will greatly improve the quality of life of the elderly. In this paper it is proposed that an ‘adoption service for elderly people’ be put in place to place old people in need of home care with families that are ready and willing to care for them. Such a service is possible because according to National Institutes of Health (2010), the organization “Program of All Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)” already offers homecare to the elderly and in return “receives a monthly payment per enrollee from Medicare and Medicaid.” Commending on the Australian government’s attention towards the elderly, Doyle (2008) observes that it is possible to obtain “government funding [for] respite care.” According to the U.S. Department of state (2007), the US government has put in place many points called “Area Agency on Aging” as part of the infrastructure meant to care for the elderly. Just the way a small defenseless infant would need care and protection, old people who have grown physically weak need similar attention. While Izzo points out that “homecare focuses specifically on the care provided for the elderly in their own dwellings” (2009), this view can be expanded to include taking the elderly to the families that can take care of them. How will living with a family improve the quality of life of an elderly person? Just like other human beings, the elderly have physical and emotional needs. Due to failing physical strength an elderly person living alone will find hard to perform daily house chores like dishwashing, laundry, cleaning the house and so on In contrast a family setting will have younger persons who are energetic enough to cook well, run errands and assist an old person. Not only will the elderly person eat well, there will be attentive people to reminding them of when to eat, take a bath, go for medical check up, walk the dog and take any prescribed medication. A child’s laughter, the opportunity to play, talk, and joke and offer adv
Case study reflections From the given case study, it is evident that inventory management in the context of an industry usually refers to the management of material resources that can help an organization to generate revenue both at present and in the future. The person responsible for this part of management is the Operations Manager. For example, a retail store that sells various items such as packaged foods, groceries, clothes and electronic goods does not usually store all the products in the store. Part of the product inventory is kept in a warehouse or depot (Kontus 249). Hence, inventory in this case refers to the sum of products in the store and warehouse. Inventory management Inventory management is such an important undertaking in organizations. A case in point is the management of materials within the aerospace industry. Companies that act as manufacturers or assemblers in the production of goods depend heavily on a well-managed stock due to several reasons. Ultimately, a company that relies on production cannot survive without a good inventory management system. Principles of inventory management It is crucial to investigate some reasons for instituting a good inventory management system. Although the case study explores the undesirable effects in material management, it fails to point out that inventory management assists in meeting steady demand both at the stage of production and consumption. The demand for specific goods and services can hardly be the same throughout the year. For instance, the sale of air conditioners has peaked during the summer and goes down when winter strikes. Clothing materials are also affected by seasonal demand namely short summers and long, warm winters. A well-planned stock will allow a company to fulfill market requirements. We ought to appreciate the fact that the key to increasing revenue relies on meeting the demand. Second, continuity of operations is an invaluable role played by effective management of inventory in organizations. Articulate inventory ma
The law of value of a commodity refers to the total number of person-hours used in order to produce a particular good or service, under the normal working conditions, with the provision of the necessary equipment or machinery. This also takes into account the work force input, the raw materials and the tear and wear of the machinery used in production. Surplus labor is also that labor that was not a necessary input in production. Karl Marx argued that the amount of input in the production of goods or services should be equivalent to the amount of monetary returns. Therefore, the amount of person-hours used in production and delivery of these commodities determines the value of a good or service. Marx continues to argue that capital originated from trade with the aim of making a profit. The labor ought to be equally distributed, and so were the profits from the labor. Simulating this in the economy where approximately two percent of the population control about ninety-five percent of the nation’s wealth, clearly demonstrates Marx’s argument. They insisted that all employees within a company should get an equal share of the company proceeds generated monthly. This would ensure fairness and equal distribution of resources across the entire staff and, therefore, act as an incentive for everybody to work harder and together to achieve more. Marx had a profound understanding of how capitalism cripples its own societal foundation. He anticipated a change in the current economy and the way of life. His conclusion was that capitalism would push the middle class into a situation comparable to the shaky existence of the hard-pressed workers during his time. Currently, the growth and build up of fulfilling careers are no longer a focus point for the minority alone, but rather a broader group. People have revolutionized from struggling month-to-month and living on insecure wages. They have devised a way of cushioning themselves from economic shakeups in terms of savings, owning a house and even a decent pension, which enables them to plan their lives without fear. The wealth spread across working class, and the vastness of democracy, everybody can remain middle class with contentment. The argument that labor is the sole creator of wealth was obstructed by the existing system of unequal exchanges, where the owners of the economic power and advantage appropriated part of the labor. According to Marx, the development dialectic started from man and nature where man was initially an integral part of nature. Man being a dynamic being had the distinctive capability of struggling with and against nature of ultimately transforming nature for his own purpose. The clue to the labor conditi
Utilitarian Theory Utilitarian theory is one of the commonly used and analyzed theories by ancient and modern philosophers due to its universal nature in application. Modern philosophers have made several changes in the theory in order for the theory to fit and address the changing needs of the society. The theory has been supported by politicians, economists and the general society since it teaches morals and ethics to the three sectors. Objectives of the Study This study aims at investigating the emergence of utilitarian theory of justice, its criticisms, and its effects to the society. The investigation is meant to unravel and clear out all the controversies associated with the theory, including giving a deeper insight of the theory, what inspired its emergence and learning its strengths and weaknesses. Study Material In this study, the researcher will use research materials used by other researchers, books written by the modern and ancient philosophers, online sources and case judgments by the courts of law. These sources will provide the researcher with information to understand the application and nature of the utilitarian theory of justice. Problem Statement With utilitarian theory being one of the theories of justice, the need to know how the theory offers justice to people, how it determines the conduct between individuals and the challenges the theory is facing in the modern world has made the researcher to undertake the research. Introduction Justice determines just conduct of individuals through moral principal. According to John Rawls, theories of justice emerged from political philosophy and ethics. There are several theories of justice that
Following the unprecedented growth of the economy, increased per capita income and literacy levels; the mass among the Chinese and other communities in the world was spurred. Most importantly, opposition nationalists who pushed for democracy as well as growth of urbanization and urban life played a critical role in the development of mass media (Blumler & Nossiter 1991; Kaufman 1966). Furthermore, liberalization of civil society which arose in 1977 sensitized media monopoly so as to calm down the situation or rather to strengthen national identity. The politics of the chief economic powers was the key center of competition that restructured the telecommunication sector (Blumler & Nossiter 1991). Exchange of knowledge, information and communication were essential in the balance of power as well as economic activity in the world (Li & Lee 2000). The scope of international communication has been greatly improved by the advances in communication and information technologies in the late 20 th century. The communication has advanced beyond business to business, government-to -government and people-to-people interactions across the world; which occurs at an unparalleled speed for a long time (Chan 2000). The international communication particularly continued expanding during the 20 th century with the help of broadcasting technology and wireless communication. Most notable was the invention of communication satellites and the optic cables, which were successfully improved into global networks (Gregory & Stuart 1999). These networks were foreseen by organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union and Intelsat Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press (Huang 1994). The phenomenon of the global information flow has been dealt with by Wei (2000) in his book “information and world communication”. The book deals with information flow in the contexts such as cultural, technological, legal, economic and political aspects. He shows how varied communication systems and strategies led to the formation of strong interests and how it has impacted on the global arena. Key developments in the telecommunication industry have most importantly been as a result of inter-jurisdictional com
Introduction According to majority of the authors and scholars, The Great Depression is the worst economic downturn in the history of the United States of America. The economic slump is attributed to a number of factors. These are both domestic and global conditions. It led to several consequences thereafter. This paper unfolds the causal-effect relationship of the Great Depression, in a bid to uncover some of its causes and impacts. It proceeds from the ground that the economic recession had an array of causes, as well as several negative impacts on the US and foreign nations. Causes and Effects of the Great Depression Stock Market Crash of the Year 1929 October 29, 1929 is a day that will linger in the minds of many Americans for several years. The stock market crash that occurred on this day (commonly known as Black Tuesday), was a leading cause of the recession. The stock market had grown tremendously in the 1920s, prompting many people to invest in stock broking (Jakob 853). Following the stock crash of 1929, the stockholders had to pay on stocks that were less than their initial payment. Those who had borrowed to buy the stocks could not repay their loans, and the lenders bore the biggest brunt by losing vast sums of money. At the end of 1930, America entered the economic decline, which impacted heavily on stockholders. They lost more than $40 billion dollars of investment two months down the line (Robert & Feldman 860-862). Bank Failures Many of the small banks, especially in the rural areas, offered uninsured deposits to farmers. The leading banks had offered monumental loans to other countries. The banks that survived the harsh economic times were unwilling to give new loans, owing to the declining economic conditions. This threatened their survival (Stauffer 110-112). When the banks failed to lend the foreign countries, European nations defaulted on all their outstanding loans. Consequently, many banks were rendered bankrupt and others got out of business. The American Foreign Policy with Europe The sharp fall in international trade championed the depression after 1930. When businesses started declining, the US government introduced the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930 (Robert & Feldman 859-863). This was in an effort to safeguard American companies from the recession. The tariff worked by charging high taxes
The Church of the Palms is a Presbyterian church of very modern design, but with a Spanish Mission feel. The church offered a pleasant, light-filled performance space for the Saratoga Pops Orchestra’s February 12 concert entitled “Our Latin Heritage”. The crowd was at or near capacity, having waited in line for the chance to hear music with a Hispanic focus. The choices of Robin Wilkes, conductor and director of instrumental studies at the State College of Florida, Manatee-Saratoga campus, highlighted music inspired by the rhythms, melodies, and moods of Iberia (State College of Florida). This could have been an effort to reach out to the Hispanic community of the region, and familiarize the non-Hispanic residents with these musical themes. The conductor turned the experience into a learning experience for everyone with brief explanations of each piece Of The Cuban Overture , George Gershwin (1898-1937) [1] , wrote that the composition reflected his brief experience in Havana, and melded his own themes with decidedly Cuban rhythms (Los Angeles Philharmonic). Its score calls for claves, maracas guiro and bongos, in addition to the usual complement of symphonic instruments, and it clearly required a definite percussion section (Stovall). This is what Samuels calls ”the colors and the rhythms of Havana” created when Gershwin “exploited the unique sounds of Cuban instruments, and fused rumba and blues into symphonic overture form” (Samuels 154). Both the rumba and blues are audible. The piece starts with a syncopated rhythm, with an emphasis, as is common in Latin music, on the upbeat. The joyous outburst of the opening, with its frenetic melody (A), leads to more contemplative wind melodies (B). After an almost heroic, grand theme (perhaps C?), the orchestra returns to a clearly evident Afro-Caribbean dance rhythm and the simple, syncopated melody of the opening for the finale (A). The rumba rhythm allows the listener to the first/last sections to pick out the characteristic slow-quick-quick beat, two beats with one subdivided, with a swaying feel that keeps it from seeming repetitive [2] . One never forgets that this is Gershwin – his soaring woodwind
In the book Dynamics of Leadership in Public Service , the author, Val Mart, discusses different aspects of leadership and the ways people have to develop their skills in order to become good leaders. In this paper, the critique of one of the chapters of the book, “Leadership Theories: Charismatic and Transformational Approaches” will be developed. The goal of the chapter is to introduce and describe two major styles of leadership in terms of another style, transactional leadership, and five theories developed by different researchers in the middle of the 1980s and the 1990s. This critique aims at discussing the main points of the chapter, its value, and significance for the reader because the identification of a leadership style is crucial for any organization and turns out to be a problem due to the possibility of being overmanaged (Van Wart, 2005). Key Points of the Article In the article under analysis, there are several points for consideration. First of all, the author suggests investigating the historical background of charismatic and transformational leadership and introduces three main precursors, such as Weber, who talks about charismatic leadership as the gift of God, House, who uses domination and conviction as the main attributes of leaders, and Burns, who explains the importance of self-interested motivations. Another point of the article is the comparison of charismatic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles. The identification of the differences helps to comprehend the essence of the chosen styles in a proper way. Finally, five theories are discussed to investigate the peculiarities of charismatic and transformational approaches. Conger and Kanungo define charisma as the major attribute of any leader that makes a follow to trust in a leader. Meindl and Kets de Vries use the term extreme charisma which explains that followers have to identify themselves with their leaders’ beliefs. Tichy and Devana investigate transformational leadership as the necessity to promote and support changes in organizations. Bass offers to combine transformational and transactional leadership styles to achieve high performance. The theory by Kouzes and Posner shows that transformational leaders have to become models and change supporters and encourage the work of each team member. Main Contributions One of the main contributions of the chapter is the possibility to combine different theories and opinions on two styles of leadership. To become a good leader, it is not enough to learn the definitions and follow the examples. It is important to compare the ideas and investigate the weaknesses and strengths of different styles. The comparison table at the end of the chapter may help the reader to organize their thoughts systematically and get the essence of leadership styles in a brief and clear way. The only weakness of the chapter is the absence of powerful examples of real leaders and the ways how they could develop their skills and attributes. Effects on the Knowledge Base It is also necessary to underline the effects of the chapter on the knowledge base. In addition to the description of theories, Van