ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The presentation of appealing and attractive products to customers is a factor that cannot be exempted in the marketing norms. Essentially, these attributes are facilitated by appearance and its segmentation through the use of a unique feature that targets customers with a distinct taste. There are various concepts and methods applied to reach organizational marketing goals. This essay will explain the following concepts and methods; semiotics, signs, denotation, and connotation. Then, I will analyze my advert on the quality. Following this, I will explain how I subverted this advert and how it criticizes the problem of quality in society. Theories Marketing can be applied through the creation of meaning to a product using semiotics, signs, denotations, and connotations. These four techniques are imperative to the advertisement strategies as they form a baseline for marketing products. The idea is instilled into the target customers who make purchases basing on the signs and meaning delivered by these products. These styles of advertisements lead to the high overall growth of product sales. Bitoun defines semiotics as the study of symbols, signs, and significations (112). In advertisements, it applies where these factors are applied to suggest aspects to the customers. Signs are the entries placed to represent the existence of another (Gallant 107). They are used as short indications either to enhance customer remembrance or act as a trademark. A connotation is an idea invoked by a word together with its real or basic meaning. The suggested and literal meaning might equivalent. On the other hand, denotation is the real or basic meaning of a word as contrasted to the ideas it proposes (Tanaka-Ishii and Ishii 398). Denotation can be exemplified through the icon presentation of the product through its image. For instance, a coke image is used to advertise a coke beverage. It can also appear as an index representing through relationships. Finally, denotation can involve conventional representation like logos, visual camera effects, fonts, and angle of pictures (Woodall 1291). Original Advert Figure 1 shows the brand name Coca-Cola written in a similar and unique way. The writing of this word serves as a logo for the company selling the product. The image of the coke beverages in the advertisement is a direct representation. They have also been packed together and in multiples as part of the denotation styles. However, the connotations inform that these drinks are biased in line of gender and relationships. The use of the male name and female name might develop the habit of dislike from people. They might tend to understand that coke is for couples. Otherwise, they may seek relevance through becoming choosy. In this regard, customers can search for beverages with their names so as every aspect of the suggestion is true and practical. In essence, the figure shows the names Dan and Laura as huge words. Therefore, a person assu
The very concept of populism is referred to be a contested one in the relevant discourse of social sciences. Some social scientists view it as a multifarious occurrence that is historically specific; however, others see this concept as being a sociological phenomenon that basically an economic policy and involves political strategizing. As such present interpretation of populism and neo populism in Latin America is highly dependent on how history unfolded these concepts. Thus we see that in Latin America political movements were traditionally seen as of populist approach; these movements were led by a leader who led masses of the lower class in a personalistic manner. However, these movements were multi-class because people from almost all classes joined hands together to push the pressures of such movement ahead. The major time span of such movement is from the 1940s to the 1960s and prominent leaders are Argentina’s Juan Peron, Brazil’s Getulio Vargas, and Peru’s Victor Raul Haya de la Torre. This is where history reveals the emergence of the concept of neo-populism. It was in this scenario that in the 1960s and the 1970s military might try to eradicate or push to the wall these expansionary movements that focused to substitute imports for industrialization. In the 1980s, however, populism made a comeback and hence was called neo-populism which in major outlook stuck to its traditional predecessor: populism. However, this concept did change in certain ways. For instance, the leaders of this face did not merely s
Introduction The global oil and gas sector plays a central role in facilitating the operations of all countries. Economies rely on resources that are manufactured and supplied with the help of this sector to enhance their productivity in virtually all other industries. Considering the increasing global population growth, the need to increase the production capacity has led to the mining of more fossil fuels, some of which pose health and safety issues to human beings and other living organisms. Hence, the extraction of oil and gas in challenging environments implies that nations need to establish laws that guide and protect the health and safety of all stakeholders in the oil and gas sector. Oil separation and purification processes are potentially harmful to the environment. To protect the natural ecosystem and biodiversity, this paper emphasizes the need for implementing laws that define the standard safety and health practices to be adopted during the separation and purification of fossil fuels in the oil and gas sector. Health and Safety Laws in the National and International Domain Different national authorities adopt diverse regulatory frameworks and laws to guarantee occupational health and safety in the oil and gas sector. Each nation has different regulatory approaches, legal regimes, management systems, and institutional frameworks that govern the operations of oil and gas companies. Such systems and approaches are either performance-based or prescriptive (Antonsen, Skarholt, & Ringstad, 2012). For example, while Norway employs performance-based mechanisms, the U.S. adopts prescriptive regimes to regulate its oil and gas sector (Coleman, 2014; Blanchard et al., 2014). Performance-based approaches encourage operators to innovate mechanisms for enhancing occupational health and safety in the oil and gas industry. In contrast, prescriptive regimes call for compliance with the established laws, procedures, and guidelines on people’s health and safety. Prescriptive regimes invest the power of specified health and safety requirements incompetent authorities while performance-based regime advocate for dialogue and negotiations between industry players and proficient authorities. In prescriptive governments, authorities engage in frequent comprehensive inspections to enhance compliance (Brousseau & Siebenhuner, 2012). This strategy opposes the performance-based approach in which operators adopt a health and safety culture in the oil and gas sector. Although no system is superior to the other, the increasing concerns of corporate governance have led to the shift towards performance-based regimes to steer the regulation of health and safety in the oil and gas sector. Some nations such as Canada have adopted a hybrid system that was developed through the integration of performance-based and prescriptive approaches. Indeed, in 2014, the Canadian government developed the Of
This article describes the position of incumbent judiciaries during political transitions, the interventionism by the new regime’s authorities into civil law, and the influence of American constitutionalism in the countries of Latin America. The authors state that the change of any political regime affects judiciaries, and the level of the new government’s distrust of former judiciaries will determine the new ruling elite’s degree of interference (Garoupa & Maldonado, 2011). The new regime may subsequently replace the majority of incumbent judiciaries or use impeachment without the loss of the law’s power or constitutional crisis. This option was used in Chile and Argentina, where military regimes were changed to democracy in the 1980s and 1990s (Garoupa & Maldonado, 2011). Other potential ways of interference are the recodification of laws, promoting the ideology of a new regime by the judicial council, court-packing or purging, and the creation of new courts. To some degree, a civil judiciary is protected by a formalism that limits the influence of judiciaries by the sphere of law and disclaims their responsibility for absurd laws with potentially immoral consequences. Although Europe and Latin America share a tradition of civil law, Latin America is characterized by a higher level of interventionism into the judiciary during political transitions. The most peculiar trait of Latin American judiciaries is “the influence of American constitutionalism” that is characterized by the judiciary’s politicization and the reduction of strict formalism, influenced by the US Constitution and civil law (Garoupa & Maldonado, 2011, p. 612). The authors describe the examples of political transitions in several Latin American countries from authoritarian regimes to democracy and from low-performing democracies to dictatorships. The changes of regimes in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Mexico were marked by a high level of political intervention into the judiciary. Reference Garoupa, N., Maldonado, M. A. (2011). The judiciary in political transitions: The critical role of U.S. constitutionalism in Latin America. Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law, 19 (3), 593-644. Web.
Amazon.com is one of the most recognized company, known primarily for its online retail business throughout the world. The growth rate of the firm is substantial, and it is not coming from a single source. The company has an effective strategic plan to ensure a sustainable growth rate. For this reason, the firm uses merger and acquisition as a tool for growth. The Ansoff Growth Matrix analysis of the firm’s activities shows that the company is intensively diversifying its portfolio. It is well known that diversification reduces operational risks and optimize profits and therefore growth of a company. From the history of Amazon.com merger and acquisition operation, it is found that the company is actively acquiring new firms from different industries. In the year 2013 Amazon.com acquired a software production firm named Ivona Software, afterthat it gained Goodreads, which is online based bookselling company. Liquavista and Tenmarket Education companies were also purchased by Amazone. The same sort of acquisition practices can be seen in the following three years (2014, 2015, and 2016) when the company acquired 13 new companies from different industries such as gaming, books, and online television, etc. The most interesting thing can be noticed is that Amazon.com purchased 11 companies during the year 2017, which is very rare. This evidence is clearly stating that Amzon.com is growing through merger and acquisition, which is having a positive impact on its growth strategy. According to Xu (2017), assets reallocation process through merger and acquisition activities has a significant positive impact on growth rate and productivity of firms. Hence, it can be concluded that Amazon.com has been following an effective strategy to grow its business over the time. The company also tried a market development strategy to grow in number, they have taken its services and products in different countries of the world. Amazon.com is consistently expanding its business operations in different countries of the world. From the sales data it is seen that the company has been generating a significant growth in its international sales in 2014, 2015, and 2016 (14%, 21%, and 26% subsequently). Along with the merger and acquisition technique, it was another great way of expansion. In addition to that, a product development strategy was also followed. The company kept offering new products with the help of its acquired production facilities and businesses. It has also helped the firm to increase its domestic and international sales. From the financial statements of the company, it is seen that the firm has invested 5.1 billion dollars in 2014, then 6.4 billion in the year 2015, and it increased to 9.9 billion dollars in 2016. The company had to finance around 4.4 billion in 2014, 3.8 billion in 2015, and 2.9 billion in 2016. These particular points shows that the firm has been performing great
Photography, as a genre of art, took over Europe and the United States of America a long time ago. Famous photographers started to appear one after another as soon as photography gained its popularity. After that, various types of photography emerged, talented artists began to show and sell their most amazing works from the exhibitions. New and new tendencies and fashion took over the generations of European and American photographers, while for the photographers of Arabic and Middle Eastern countries the art of taking pictures was still new. During the nineteen nineties, the first Arab photographers started to participate in the exhibitions and festivals of photography, yet they did not even have a category they would fit in. Arabic photography as a stream was non-existent back then. (Estrin, 2014, par. 6). Though, according to the first findings, photography in the Arabic countries started to develop from the end of the nineteenth century. This was the time when the first photo studios began to appear. Tough the first people that were involved in this kind of business were non-Muslim. Islam did not approve of photography and the idea of taking a picture. Basically, having any artistic occupation as a profession and a source of income was considered to be not noble and embarrassing. This is why not many young people would develop an interest in the art of learning photography. Though photography was not completely banned out of the region, the studios did exist. Back then, in Arabic countries, photography was not used as art, and it was not viewed from the esthetic point of view, it had other, more materialistic functions. For example, the salesmen would photograph their goods, the engineers or constructors would take pictures of their buildings and sites, doctors photographed bodies (Estrin 2014, par. 9). Earlier all the photography of Arab countries, people, landscapes and buildings was taken by the travelling photographers, not by actual Arabic people. These days the situation is very different. The art of photography has taken a serious leap through the last several decades. This is why nowadays there are many talented photographers of Arabic origin, both males and females. Arabic photographers, who specialise in taking photos of the locations and people living in the region, suggest a view from the inside of the Arabic society, the Arabic life the way no one normally sees it (Smith 2014, par. 10). On the photos by Samer Mohdad, we can see the children smiling at each other surrounded by the signs of destructions brought by the war and children gathering to learn Palestinian national dance called Debkeh. “Children of the War” In the modern world, there is a big interest in the development of contemporary arts in Arabic countries because there is
Introduction: The Tata Group and Its Story The Tata Company, whose headquarters are based in India, deals with the steel processing and production. According to the existing records, the company started its growth after purchasing the shares for Corus, an Anglo-Dutch steel company (Freeman, Gopalan, & Bailey, 2009, p. 2). The Current Strategy in the Global Context: Taking a New Course At present, two major tendencies can be observed in Tata, i.e., the tendency for growth and acquisition. Concerning the benefits: stretching worldwide There is no doubt that the acquisition through growth strategy opens a whole pool of new opportunities for Tata, one of which is joining the world market. To start with, the Tata Group’s authority is going to grow increasingly with every new acquisition (Trivedi, 2012). Another obvious advantage that the chosen strategy involves being able to analyze the chosen market closer and learn more about what customers demand. After processing the data concerning customers’ demands obtained from different affiliates of the Tata Group, one will be able to provide the products that will satisfy the needs of the majority of the target population (Vora, 2013). The last, but definitely not the least, the power of such brands as Jaguar, whose shares Tata Group has recently bought, will also add to the profitability of the company. It is worth mentioning, though, that Tata should As Bajaj explains, “Tata Motors appears to have succeeded in large part because it did not seek to run Jaguar Land Rover from Tata headquarters here. Instead, it has left day-to-day management in the hands of executives in England” (Bajaj, 2012). Assessing the risks: financial policy and the related issues Among the most obvious obstacles that the company is likely to face in the course of adapting towards the specifics of the world market and, more importantly, merging with the companies that exist in differently cultural settings. The PEST evaluation will be required to represent the issue more graphically: Political      The Tata Group is likely to face a number of issues when negotiating with the companies set in different countries and, therefore, following different principles and laws                                                                                                                                                                               Economic       When choosing its new partners, Tata risks greatly. Since the Tata Group budget cannot stretch far enough to get the most influential steel companies to join it, Tata has to invite less influential firms, whose potential is not quite clear.                                                                                                         Social         The members of the Tata Group will have to deal with unavoidable misunderstandings that will inevitably appear in the course of communicating with the Tata’s subsidiaries.                                                                                                                                                                              Technological
Executive Summary This paper is a business plan for a small-scale winery that will be located in the Hudson River region of New York. The plan proposes that the business will produce about 1000 bottles of wine in the first year of operation. After five years, this plan projects that the business will produce about 4000 bottles of wine, yearly. As a special product category, vinifera wines will be the main product category of wines that the proposed business will focus on producing. The business expects to cash in on the sale of this premium brand of wine by selling it from its tasting room. However, as the production volume increases, the business will exploit other distribution channels to increase its sales. This business proposal pegs the success of the proposed business on premium branding. Therefore, the proposed business strives to maintain a premium brand that should appeal to many wine lovers in the country. This business strategy stems from the fact that many traditional wine lovers are deviating towards premium and quality wines. The proposed business therefore strives to capitalize on this consumer trend. Through this understanding, customers should be able to distinguish the proposed business’s products from other wineries in the region because few wineries in the Hudson River region produce vinifera premium wines. The initial capital investment of the business will pay for a five-year lease (subject to renewal), equipment, supplies, workers, and the plant. Through the adoption of elaborate business plans, this business plan estimates that it will be easy to realize the business’s mission – to produce the best quality wines in the Hudson River and to enrich the customers’ winery experiences. Company Summary This business proposal seeks to introduce a wine business in the Hudson River region of eastern New York. I have chosen this business venture because of my knowledge in the wine industry, the rich history of wine making in America, and the existence of a rich wine lifestyle in the United States (US). My experience in the wine making industry stems from my close relationship with a friend who worked as a cellar rat in a local winery. Albeit the proposed wine business will be located in the Hudson River region of New York, other wine making businesses exist in the region. Nonetheless, most of these existing wine making businesses produce wine from native varieties and other varieties that native producers have developed through the mixing of French and American wine varieties. Most of the existing wineries have an established market, locally, but I believe there will be an increased demand of premium vinifera wines in the future. This intuition stems from previous research, which say as traditional wine consumers develop more sophisticated tastes of wine, they gravitate towards premium wines
Introduction Code of ethics is one of the integral parts of the health care components enabling health care professionals to act in accordance with defined algorithms while patients have their rights and may enforce feasibility of codes. Even though the institutional codes of ethics may differ based on the communities they serve, they all are aimed at providing professionals with guidelines for dealing with health of people correspondingly with regard to the “rapid advances in medical and biological sciences” (Larijani and Zahedi, 2008, p. 192). Codes of ethics applied to healthcare reflect the priority of the patient’s dignity against the advancement of medical practices and economic issues. The concept of contemporary healthcare ethics has been in use since the mid 20th century giving originated from the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) that was ratified by almost all nations, and is also supported by major religions (Breen et al., 2008; Montoya and Richard, 1994). This paper will focus on the code of ethics belonging to the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, often shortened to The Jewish General Hospital (JGH). JGH is an acute-care McGill University teaching hospital based in Montreal with branches on the international arena. Clarity of Goals Created in 2003, the JGH code of ethics is intended to set up a structure for collaborative liaison among the institution’s patients, their families, and the JHG’s staff. As a caution, the document mentions that the code is not a complete list of its patients’ full legal rights. Besides, there may be exceptions to the rights mentioned in the document. The goal is clear outlining the collaborative relationships between the staff members, patients, and their families so that no prone to misinterpretation occurs. Due to variations in cultures of the communities served, the code cautions that the information contained therein is not conclusive (Jewish General Hospital, 2003). Identified Ethical Principles Respect . The JHG code of ethics lists though is not limited to the basic ethical principles that are supposed to be followed by caregivers, patients, and their families. One of the most important ethical principles in this document is the respect for one another, to which the code affirms that all persons including patients, families, visitors, personnel, volunteers, and students in the health premises have every right to be respected and to be handled in a civil and helpful way. The concept of respect has also been extended to include the respect for culture: The caregivers must be responsive to the patient’s cultural needs. Non-Discrimination . Another important ethical principle identified in the document is non-discrimination. The paper emphasizes that every patient must be treated fairly and impartially. As such, “language, race, religion, ethnic origin, political affiliation, social status, gender, sexual orientation, age, or health status” are aspects included into non-discrimination policy of the health care institution (Jewish General Hos