ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract and Background There has been an increase in the number and frequency of complains concerning the poor allocation of federal funds in the United States. The issues raised include funding of NASA and spending a lot more on space technology. Highlighted herein, are the health issues as pertaining to the astronauts and critics are demanding for possible solutions to these problems. These issues have over the years escalated to worrying levels due to the governments neglect to impose strict policies to these corporations so that they can yield expected results. This is partly due to their need to protect their status as pioneers of space explorers and to save face among rival governments. Consequently, an increased interest by policy makers has developed towards the transformation of the rules and regulations that govern the implementation, sustenance and protection of these workers (Miller, 2007). Statement of the Problem The space exploration program has been in existence for a very long time but the results from the same have been disappointing. As such, debates from different concerned groups have ensued regarding the extent to which these programs are applicable. The “naysayers” contend that these programs are a waste of valuable resources that could otherwise be useful in addressing other more pressing issues here on earth. These issues include but are not limited to crime, hunger and diseases. Those in support of space exploration insist that it is a way forward. They claim that space mission’s gears towards safeguarding the future of the human race. This study sets out to investigate to what extent this statement holds true with regard to the Chinese workers. Introduction Space exploration may be regarded as one of the most ambitious projects of the humanity, as it requires essential human, financial and time resources. People study the surrounding space, observe the space objects, try to find out whether we are alone in the universe, or whether there are other planets that may be suitable for life etc. The actual aim of these researches may be explained only by the natural curiosity of the humanity, as practical use of these knowledge is highly doubted by some researchers. On the other hand, people have an opportunity to study the processes which could be useful for understanding the origins of planets, galaxies and the universe in general. Miller defines space exploration as “the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space” (2007, p. 49). It is one of the controversial topics in America because it is a very expensive affair with little progress recorded each year. Arguably, it is a venture worth undertaking because it is all about the future of the human race. Origins, History and future of Space Exploration The process of space exploration was started in the ancient times, when people were observing
Synopsis The movie is about World War II and it is also about a love story. In fact, it is a love triangle between two men and a woman. The name of the first one is Rafe and the younger of the two is called Danny. They grew up together in the same rural area and because Rafe’s father is a crop duster they had the chance to learn about airplanes. Thus, when they were older they became licensed pilots. Their love interest is a woman named Evelyn and they met her in the army because they became Army Air Corps pilots. Evelyn is Rafe’s girlfriend but not for long. Their individual and intertwined stories became complicated when Rafe volunteered to fight alongside British pilots over in England. At the same time Danny and Evelyn were sent to work at Pearl Harbor a U.S. Naval facility located in Hawaii. While they were there they received news that Rafe was killed in action. As Danny and Evelyn mourned his death they fell in love with each other. After some time Rafe returned home to the surprise of Danny and Evelyn. The conflict between all three intensified in the exact moment that the Japanese fleet was on its way to destroy Pearl Harbor and everything it contains. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and the high casualty rate forced former best friends Rafe and Danny to put their differences aside so they can avenge what the Japanese Imperial Army did to America. The eventually volunteered to become part in a suicide raid deep into Japan. Their mission under Col. Jimmy Doolittle, was to bomb Japan by using modified bombers forced to fly out of a aircraft carrier. Their daring mission proved to everyone that Japan is vulnerable but Danny sacrificed his life to make that raid a success. The United States eventually vanquished its enemies. The Context of Interpersonal Communication The main characters interact with each other because Rafe and Danny grew up as if they were brothers. They were neighbors but they became so close to each other – Rafe acted as if he is the older brother of Danny. Their relationship was intensified because Danny had an abusive father who treated harshly. Rafe always had to come to his aid. When it comes to Rafe and Evelyn the strong interaction requires no further explanation. The pilot fell in love with the nurse. Their relationship blossomed because they were far away from their true families and they were in the midst of a brewing war. But when Rafe was presumed killed in action, Danny was placed in a difficult position with regards to Evelyn. He realized that from the very beginning, when they were still children, Rafe has always been there for him and it is time to repay the favor. He has to take care of Evelyn. In the process he fell head over heels over her and that is one big problem when Rafe comes home to find his best friend acting like a traitor to him. The conflict begins in the lives of these three people as the conflict of war intensifies around them. Types of Listening There are various types of listening such as for enjoyment, to get information, to help others in need and to evaluate something that was said (Kanu, 2009, p.59). When
Introduction E-learning is a concept comprised of any and all forms of electronically supported methods of learning and teaching; most students have experienced it one form or another either by watching a video in class, participating in a computer lab-based exercise, or even by learning a few lessons either from the internet or via a CD provided by the school. Suffice it to say; it is a flexible and inherently prolific method of education since it can encompass a wide variety of methods and practices to educate students in any number of ways. It must also be noted that unlike other methods of education, E-learning can actually be self-paced in that a student can learn independently from an instructor through their own means and methods. As such, this method of learning has thus given rise to new methods of teaching of which online and hybrid courses are the direct result. In this paper, what will initially be done is an examination of online, hybrid, and on-campus courses in order to give a background into the factors involved in this paper’s examination. After which what will be examined are the different perceptions in performance between online and hybrid courses, and as such, what will be investigated is the perceived impact of predicted performance versus actual performance and the churn rate (referring to the number of students that are retained versus those that leave a course) of distance courses versus on-campus courses. It is expected that through this examination, sufficient benchmarks in performance levels can be determined in order to properly determine the overall effectiveness of either online or hybrid courses in terms of either method’s ability to educate and retain students. Online Courses Online courses are one of the latest incarnations of the E-learning method of teaching wherein all course subjects, including readings, tests, class discussions as well as teacher input on various questions, are all handled via the medium of the internet. This particular method of teaching was devised as a direct result of both advances in internet technology and the fact that many students who wished to enroll in a particular University either didn’t have the time to attend full courses or were in locations so far away that commuting would have been impractical. There are also financial difficulties to consider in regard to several students who just can’t afford the steep tuition fees that come with a course load at a prospective university. This was where online courses came in since most of the course material could be replicated and distributed to students en masse, and the fact that the students aren’t physically there is the University itself enabled schools to charge far less for particular online courses. As a direct result of such actions, one of the current trends in education within the past three years has been a shift towards online methods of learning due to the
Critical Evaluation of Workload Methodologies The workload is an essential notion in the discipline of human resource management; in the field of aviation, this notion gains critical importance because it is one of the factors upon which the safety of airport and aircraft personnel depend. Inappropriate levels of workload may inhibit the performance of pilots, dispatchers, or security personnel, leading to mistakes in aircraft control and air route management or increased risk of terrorism. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that airport staff are assigned an appropriate amount of work which does not cross certain acceptable limits of workload (both upper and lower ones). The workload can be defined as a “required demand for the human” (Wise, Hopkin & Garland 2009, p. 14-4); in other words, it is the amount of work which needs to be done by a certain employee. However, this definition only depends upon the external source, the one that requires the work to be done and largely ignores the state of the employee. Therefore, it might be recommended to use a different definition of workload—for instance, one that identifies it as the ratio of human resources available for performing a certain task to the amount of the resources needed to perform it (Wise, Hopkin & Garland 2009). According to Stanton et al. (2010, p. 127), both excessively low and excessively high levels of workload can lead to adverse consequences including stress, fatigue, mental saturation, high rates of mistakes, boredom, complacency, and lowered vigilance. To avoid such problems, it is crucial to make sure that the employees’ levels of the workload are appropriate. For this purpose, there exist several ways to measure workload. Three types of workload assessment, in particular, have proved to be of the greatest utility, specifically when considering human-machine interface design; these are the measurement of performance, the assessment of subjective ratings, and the estimation of psychological parameters (Wise, Hopkin & Garland 2009). Three main types of performance measurements are offered: primary-task measures, which assess reaction time, speed of performance, and so on; secondary-task measures, which assess an employee’s performance on secondary tasks when the employee is also engaged in the execution of a primary task; and reference task assessments, which estimate performance before and after executing the primary task and compa
Introduction Merchant of Venice was written during one of the high points of English supremacy and prosperity (1594 – 1597). In this context, it is evident that William Shakespeare would narrate the story from the context of the riches. The central characters are all wealthy personalities and this depicts the overall psychological aspects of the state. This state psyche indicates a trend of religious polarization that was come full circle during the mid 20th century with the rise of Nazi Germany. However, Shakespeare, being the absolute genius of an artist was able to conceptualize the basic norms of this sentiment and presented his villain of this play as a monster, for the jingoistic mass, and a victimized individual, for the more humane part of the society (Dos, p. 338). Main body Though Shylock is indeed the villain of the story it has been made quite obvious though being an oppressor it is seen that he is also the oppressed at the same time. This was made obvious when it was seen him commenting the most poetic and sensitive parts of the play by saying “ Hath not a Jew’s eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs/ dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with / the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject/ to the same diseases, healed by the same means,/ warm and cooled by the same winter and summer/ as a Christian is? ” (Shakespeare, Act III, scene I) This part shows the genius of the writer while he sketches the villain with enough sympathy and in different shades. Even if the entire play is spitting hate against the Jew a single act of this dialogue changes the whole perspective of religion and culture in the same context and ultimately becomes humane documentation rather than becoming a religious scroll. However, religion was going through a hard time due to the effects of occasional plagues on one hand and prosperity on the other. This was a vital problem, and England was undergoing a socio-political change then. There was a basic change in the area of the feudal system and religious piety. With the rise of the middle class, there was the environment of a freethinking society where it was noticed that the wealth was accumulated under certain limited hands of the nobles and the church. With the chance of the church falling apart, Shakespeare presents an environment that represents the principles of Christianity that defies the existing rigidity of the previous church
Engineers Shall Hold Paramount the Safety, Health and Welfare of the Public in the Performance of Their Professional Duties As an engineer, one has to adhere to a plethora of standards that ensure the safety and welfare of the general public. Therefore, complying with the existing set of ethical standards is a critical requirement. When selecting the ethical standards that hold particular importance for an engineer, one will need to pay attention to the statement that claims engineers to be responsible for the “safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties” (“Code of Ethics”). The described code is crucial to compliance with the set ethical standards since it embraces the specifics of an engineer’s tasks and functions, recognizing some of its aspects as potentially dangerous to bystanders (“Code of Ethics”). The lack of awareness among the general public concerning the threat that engineering tools and exposure to key processes may entail makes the specified audience very vulnerable. Therefore, as an engineer, one has to shield people that are not aware of the threats that engineering may pose to them from the described threats. Engineers Shall Perform Services Only in the Areas of Their Competence Another essential rule to which engineers have to adhere to comply with their code of ethics concerns the extent of their responsibilities. The decision to “perform services only in the areas of their competence” and work only on the problems that are related directly to one’s fields of competence is mature and crucial to ensuring a proper disaster management strategy and ensuring that none of the stakeholders involved will suffer adverse consequences (“Code of Ethics”). Moreover, the specified rule was selected as one of three primary ethical standards that an engineer has to meet due to the impact that it has on the long-term outcomes and the safety of an engineer. Without extensive knowledge of the problem that an engineer attempts at resolving, the threat of failing and delivering poor results persists. At best, the quality of performance will be unsatisfactory and will not yield the expected results, thus causing disruptions in the performance of equipment. At worst, the well-being and life of an engineer and people that will use the appliance in question afterward will be in peril. Furthermore, the failure to meet the described ethical requirement may have a profoundly adverse long-term effect on the performance of the equipment that an engineer endeavors at managing. The expenses that an organization to which an engineer provides their services will suffer are expected to be immense due to the range of processes that will be
Clement Greenberg (1909-1994) was a renowned American art theorist and critic whose concepts and viewpoints had considerable influence over the development of modern art. Greenberg’s theoretical insights can be traced back while observing today’s visual art masterpieces (Skinner, 2014). In his publication “Modernist Painting,” Clement Greenberg (1988) proves that the deficiency of figurativeness inherent in the contemporary modernist painting is the result of the art self-development instead of impacts made by social and historic factors. Greenberg one of the first fundamental theories of Modernism and determined the relationship between avant-garde art and society. One of the strongest arguments provided by Greenberg for the self-development of painting is the self-criticism specific to Modernism (Greenberg, 1988, p. 5). Asserting the self-criticism of modernist painting, Greenberg refers to the Old Master and Kant. Furthermore, he identifies Kant as the first real Modernist due to the philosopher’s self-criticism. The self-criticism of modernist painting is apparent in its ability to admit the flatness as its unique medium. The flatness of painting is another argument in favor of modernist painting. According to Greenberg, every art has its own unique characteristics and medium. Regarding painting, this medium is the flatness. Greenberg rejects painters’ aspirations to visual three-dimensional space; he considers the three-dimensionality to be a unique characteristic of sculpture. Although one of the primary goals of the Old Masters was to overcome limitations of the flat surface and insufficiently expressive pigments, modernist painting acknowledges these factors as positive. Manet was the first who did not try to create the illusion of three-dimensionality in his works and openly declared the flat nature of pictorial art. The Impressionists also refused to add sculptural elements to painting. Therefore, according to Greenberg, the first modernists were Manet and the Impressionists who designated a new period in the history of painting, abandoning attempts to create a three-dimensional illusion. Nevertheless, there are some contradictions in Greenberg’s theory. Taking into account the flatness of painting and other pictorial arts as their unique feature and medium, works of graphic designers can be considered modernist. However, varying letter spacing, using properties of colors (the contrast between complementary colors, color stretching, simultaneous thermal contrast, and so forth), and applying zooming in their works, graphic designers seek rhythmic architectonics. Moreover, graphic design is associated with technological innovations and the development of computer-assisted editing. For instance, posters designed by Müller-Brockmann in the 1960s – early 1970s clearly demonstrate the principles of the layout based on modular grids (see Fig. 1). Asymmetric font compositions featured on the geometric color fields generate s
The development of industries created a modern understanding, experience, and opportunities for the disabled. The disabled are generally regarded as a minor group of persons in society. In the past decade, this group of people was considered less important in the industrialization sector; the historians studied the importance of having the disabled in the industry. According to Arbuz (2019), the less advantaged group, “the disabled,” were to be included in industrialization for industrial capitalization to be created. This paper will explain the importance of industrial development on the rise of the disabled as a social group. The economic changes of industries provided a remarkable difference in the living standards of people with various disabilities. Before industrialization, many disabled people experienced isolation, discrimination, stigmatization, and high levels of poverty (Arbuz, 2019). The society was organized in a way that did not allow them to take part in their day-to-day activities. Most of these people never had equal opportunities as the rest of the members of society. The nature of industries was structured in the way that only the people without disabilities had jobs; this is because they were more flexible than the incapacitated. Although the disabled faced many challenges initially, the development and change of structure of the modern industries allowed them to take part in productive activities in different sections of the economy. The rise of industrialization brought up many advantages which forced the incapacitated to level up the status of their daily lives (Barnes and Mercer, 2016). They had the opportunity to work as other individuals and distinguish themselves from poverty, stigmatization, and isolation. However, most of their work in industries involves those that require minimal movement to make it easy for them to handle. Industrialization has changed that perception and experience; it has allowed people with different types of impairments to work. The ones with a challenge in hearing are trained and allowed to work in the manufacturing industries. The conditions for working, the working environment, and the type of work assigned to them highly favor them. They can work effectively without any healing protective gear and bear in mind that they are not at any risk. The pre-existing workers’ attitude also determines if the disabled workers are actually accepted in the industry or not (Patterson, 2020). These have enhanced the creation of sectors for people with flexibility issues available in industries and workplaces. Those with the inability to move around and with less flexibility are allowed to work in production industries, such as the textile industry, with minimal movement to sit down and work efficiently. Workers with disabilities benefit from the diversification of the economic setting (Patterson, 2020). Through the interaction and working with people with disabilities, the workers who are not disabled have become more aware of how to communicate with them. They have learned ways and necessary rules on ho