ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Arbitration in relation to the United States of America law is considered as an alternative means of resolving disputes, rather than the use of legal litigation. Arbitration gives the parties involved in a dispute a chance to submit complains to a neutral third party. Parties opt to resolve their indifferences through the arbitration process due to some of the weaknesses that are associated with current judicial systems such as being considered as very expensive, slow and often biased. In some regions that do not have formal law, arbitration is taken as the next substitute means of resolving disputes. Arbitration has been noted as being a very effective optional to strikes as a process of resolving disagreements. There are two forms of labor arbitration which are; the interest arbitration and grievance arbitration. Interest arbitration acts as a platform that disputing parties use to solve their disagreements pertaining to the terms to be included in a new contract. On the other hand, grievances arbitration provides a method that enables disputing parties to resolve their indifferences by helping them interpret and apply collective bargaining agreement. Labor arbitration has been used in the United States for more than a century. The discussion that follows highlights the history of the labor arbitration in the United States. It also demonstrates the difference and functions of the two types of labor arbitration, interest and grievance. History of Arbitration There are various forms of arbitration which include international, commercial, grievances and interest arbitration. International arbitration is used to settle disputes between two nations so that to prevent war and thus help to achieve world peace. Commercial arbitration is considered as the oldest of all and was/is used to resolve disputes between national and international firms. The grievance and interest arbitrations came later on when it was realized that there was a need to have some alternative means of solving disputes and mostly for the welfare of the workforce. This was considered important so that to ensure existence of a motivated workforce and avoid occurrence of low morale which may decrease productivity. In united State Unionization, it has been noted that the number of collective bargaining agreements that contain arbitration as the form of settling disputes have greatly risen. This has been associated with the high efficiency that is associated with arbitration as the means of solving disputes. For example, by 1944 the Bureau of statistics reported that 73% of entire United States labor contracts contained arbitration clauses. The success of the arbitration as
Introduction Numerous things connect families and the concept of inequality. This study will, however, analyze the connection between social inequalities in education for different types of families based on income earned. It is important to note that there are studies that suggest that there is significant difference between cognitive ability of children raised in low income households compared to those in high income. Bernardi and Ballarino (2016) argue that there are research studies that support the argument that children in high income homes are often cognitively supported by access and ability to acquire anything money can buy. However, children brought up in hardship are projected to be more cognitively superior (Pfeffer, 2018). Regardless of what various studies have shown, one thing is clear, there are cognitive and social inequalities in different families based on their income. Research Question(s) The study will be guided by three research questions.  1. Are social inequalities in education for different types of families based on income earned?  2. Is there a relationship between family inequalities and future success of children based on quality of education received?  3. Is privilege a determining factor in shaping perceptions on inequality among families of different incomes/wages? Significance of Study There are four main significances of the proposed study. One advantage is attached to the furthering of the discussion for academic purposes. It is expected that the researcher will not only be able to fill gaps that will be identified in the literature review, but also further the discussion to promote specific research in the future. Critically, as Mijs (2016) notes, one of the things one has to consider when doing an academic study is its impact in the progression of the field of study. It is, therefore, important to note this as a significance of the study. Importantly, the study is significance as it will relay information that affects policies. It is prudent to mention that numerous policies appear to favour students who come from middle and high income families. Jacobs and Struyf (2015) argue that the education system favors students who do not have to worry about other things such as food and shelter. This argument is reinforced by the assumption that children from poorer backgrounds are less intelligent than those from more successful families. Further, a key significance of the study is its projected impact in the field of education as a whole. Pfeffer (2018) notes tha
The gas cut-off by Russia has given rise to tremendous hue and cry in the European world. Russia’s being gas supplier Gazprom’s decision to cut off its supply to Ukraine led to serious controversies regarding the decision of this company which was argued as an injustice but all efforts went in vain as Russia held its supremacy. In this paper we will discuss the main conflict between the two nations Russia and Ukraine leading to European gas crisis and put forth an opinion regarding the issue. Once again Russia, taking advantage of its geopolitical position stands strong and its decisions regarding gas supply policies have impact not only the neighboring countries but left the European union clueless about how to deal with the gas crisis. Although it is uncertain whether it is a political or business move, it is marred Gazprom’s reputation as a reliable gas supplier. My opinion is not based on the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine only but it is the outcome of considering the events that led to the second cut-off of gas to Europe through Ukraine in the past three years. A state of emergency was declared in many countries in the Eastern Europe as they are totally dependent on natural gas for heat and electricity and Russia is the biggest in the region which in fact dictates its foreign policy through gas price mechanism. For example, in Bulgaria, the lack of sufficient gas reserves brought industrial activity to a halt and this lead to contemplate reactivating decommissioned nuclear reactors. Finally, the crisis came to an end when a successful agreement was reached. The two nations Ukraine and Russia agreed on a fixed price of gas for Ukraine which was 20% percent more than the price offered to the European nations. This was not a favorable outcome for Ukraine, as it would now pay more than twice as it previously did. I believe Europe should conduct a thorough reevaluation of relations with both Russia and Ukraine and establish a stable energy policy. Alternate supply channels should be considered like the Nabucco Pipeline project which would provide an alternative to Russian gas. The United States should play a crucial role and provide the international support to the weak Russian neighbors like Ukraine. If not, Russia will continue to use its gas reserves as a wedge to isolate Ukraine. A key element of U.S. policy should be international energy security and solidarity. Ukraine should be able to demonstrate that closer ties with the West will benefit its independence and foreign policy. A well-planned financial structure is also needed in order to secure loans for the billions of dollars of investments to help Ukraine to develop alternative sources of energy and increase efficiency in consumption (Hutchins 2009). In the conclusion it could be clearly understood that repeated incidents of Russia halting its gas supply to the Eastern Europe could be devastating in the long run if Russia decides to impose its foreign policy on these countries. Therefore, as long as Russia remains a dominant energy supplier, it will
The development of information technologies (IT) has given numerous benefits to various areas of human life. Healthcare is not an exception, as effective use of IT can significantly increase the quality of care provided in hospitals and other medical institutions. Healthcare IT is one of the fastest-growing areas in the job market, as it allows the health care providers to improve the system of collecting, analyzing, and storing information involved in the process of communicating with the patients (Hein, 2013). Clinical application analyst is the best choice for me as it is one of the healthcare IT roles requiring appropriate knowledge and experience to sustain the effectiveness of the use of healthcare technologies. Clinical application analysts collect and analyze data about the use of application software at healthcare units and ensure that appropriate applications are used effectively by medical workers and function properly. The position requires knowledge and experience with SQL based applications, HL7 Interfaces, disaster recovery and backup procedures, ITIL standards, LAN, DNS, networking, etc. The job requires appropriate qualifications enabling the person to solve technical problems. Clinical application analysts need to have appropriate knowledge in microcomputing and understanding of information systems and the way they influence the customers. Many employers prefer candidates with a master’s degree in computer science or any healthcare discipline and several years of experience in a clinical environment. Clinical licensure is the credential strongly preferred by employers. I am sure that I am a good fit for this job becauseI hold a bachelor’s degree in computer science and healthcare management. Moreover, I can perform appropriate educational activities to maintain professional licensure. The work setting of clinical application analysts usually includes different parts of medical institutions using IT applications in the process of delivering health care services. Job responsibilities include troubleshooting application issues to resolution, assisting in the management and processing of clinical information and providing outcome reporting ( Clinical Application Analyst , 2013). Besides, clinical application analysts perform analysis, development, and testing of documentation screens used by medical workers and maintain the functionality of clinical applications. The responsibilities also include providing quality surveys, independently leading application grades, collaborating with other analysts to provide system integrations, and guidin
The evolvement of new emerging military-focused countries, including China, North Korea, Russia, on the international relations stage unfolded discussions about what kind of world order will be installed in the future. Researchers and policymakers stated that after the Cold War, the United States took leadership and created a unipolar world with a single superpower. This paper will discuss courses of action that the U.S. can choose to maintain its global military and economic power status, advantages, disadvantages, and costs. Considering the first course of action that the United States can undertake, namely retracting its powers from the forefront of the military scene, several essential issues should be discussed. From my point of view, the state cannot back off from world military supremacy entirely. However, it is suggested that hybrid warfare that other countries, for instance, Russia, started utilizing, requires the U.S. to change its strategy and develop a modern military defense (Chivvis, 2017). Therefore, the U.S. can retract from specific local conflicts, such as protests in Eastern Europe, that do not influence the state’s dominance. The strategy of withdrawing military dominance from the world military scene has both benefits and drawbacks. The benefits include avoiding supporting other countries or sending troops to fight against other states that involve capital and human investments necessary for operations (The U.S. Department of Defense, 2018). While drawbacks are the possibility of losing power that other states can use to influence the United States and the lack of protection from emerging military organizations and countries, such as China and Iran, that create new bases and weapons (The U.S. Department of Defense, 2018). The retraction course of action involves changes in costs, including the increase of financial costs to switch to other forms of warfare, a decrease of human capital, and possible political expenses. Talking about the second course of action when the U.S. continues to do whatever is necessary to maintain its military superpower status, several considerations can be mentioned. I believe that the U.S. should not do anything to achieve the military superpower; instead, I think that it is crucial to restrain other countries and organizations, so they cannot achieve the same level of power. Some researchers state that despite significant military landscape changes, the U.S. will hold supreme power (McNeil, 2019). The strategy to continue putting all efforts to support the military superpower has unique advantages, disadvantages, and substantial costs. The main advantage is preserving the U.S. army superpower that brings assurance that American resources and people will be protected, and political opinion will be valued. Analysts point out that the drawbacks of maintaining superpower status include the necessity to focus more on international relations (Congressional Research Service, 2020)
Introduction Red Bull is one of the leading energy drinks manufacturer and distributor in the world. The firm was started in 1987 in Thailand, and has since gained a global market coverage. According to Lehmann (2005, p. 138), this firm experienced massive success in 1990s because this industry was less competitive. The company chose a market niche that had few players. Most of the major firms in this industry were manufacturing and distributing fizzy drinks and other beverages. Coming with the energy drinks was seen as a unique trend, and this earned this firm a lot of market share during its early stages of existence. The firm has been able to expand to other international markets, especially in Europe and the United States. The report by Lehmann (2005, p. 140) shows that it is the world’s largest energy drinks manufacturer and distributer. The success of Red Bull in the market can be attributed to the three elements of marketing which include people, place, and physical evidence. Red Bull has been successful because of the employees involved in the firm at various capacities. The place element of marketing mix has also been very important in helping the firm achieve maximum success. Physical evidence has also played a major role in helping this firm to succeed. This research will analyze these factors in order to determine their relevance to the performance of this firm. Discussion Red Bull’s success in the market can be attributed to the three marketing elements mentioned above. According to Ewbank and Foulger (2010, p. 26), it is always important to analyze some of the specific success factors in an organization based on the marketing mix elements. Upon a critical study of Red Bull, the researcher has been able to determine that the three elements of people, place, and physical evidence have played a major role in helping this firm achieve success in the market. It would be important to understand how individual element have helped this firm achieve success. People Element People form one of the most important elements of marketing mix within an organization. Success of a firm always depend on the activities of its employees. According to Ewbank and Foulger (2010, p. 27), employees form the most important resource within an organization. They carry the vision of an organization, and their skills, talents, and level of dedication would always determine success of an organization. At Red Bull, the employees have played an important role in helping it achieve its current success. The firm has been on hiring competent employees with the capacity of meeting the demands of the dynamic market. The firm has been keen to ensure that its recruitment procedure is rigorous, and only passionate and talented employees are hired. The company has various recruitment processes that ensure they get the right people for various responsibilities within the company. Employees hired through such rigorous processes are nurtured by the company through in-service trainings and participation in relevant responsibilities in order to help them develop their careers. The company has put measures to monitor its sales team to ensure that they a
This report is an effort to compare and contrast two papers, namely Tyson (1998) and Frehse (2003). The article by Tyson (1998) tries to provide the basic idea about the way groups are formed and how to get along with the groups. On the other hand, the write-up by Frehse (2003) tries to figure out the importance of establishing one’s identity and purpose of being around. Frehse (2003) has made use of a number of case studies highlighting the importance of a career. The study on ‘Working with Groups’ appears to be academic writing as it explains the subject matter with the help of a number of theoretical perspectives and models framed by different writers (Tyson, 1998). While correlating the importance of groups, the paper also underlines the importance of groups in our lives in general, explains the life cycle of the group, and illustrates the patterns of group behavior in different stages of the life cycle. On the other hand, the paper ‘Discover Your Purpose’ is based more on how things shape up in our daily lives, with changing factors around. It’s more of a practice account with inputs from v
Introduction UNIX operating system is rarely used by beginners. This is mainly because it is not user friendly. Over the years, I have tried to use UNIX, and found it quite challenging. Moreover, the mere fact that one could execute functions in UNIX made him a computer guru. This is because UNIX is not user friendly and requires programming knowledge. We considered even mere beginners, gurus, if they conveyed knowledge of UNIX. This was quite interesting because it stirred more interest in UNIX. Fortunately, I was among the students considered, by the class, to know everything that regards UNIX; I was therefore popular in this regard and would be invited to help others. This propelled my desire to learn more about UNIX and even consider conducting a proper research on administering it in a user environment. One of the reasons why I had to make this a priority was the fact that a friend had requested (knowing fully that I was a computer expert) me to help him understand the workings of UNIX. To be sincere, I did not know much about UNIX, in fact, the little I knew was acquired from a friend who knew almost every bit of UNIX. I therefore had to research on this subject to be able to enlighten my friends and gain the much-needed knowledge on UNIX interface. This would place me in the league of gurus even though, practically, I still had a long way to go (Eckert, 2005, p. 21). UNIX I knew about UNIX right from high school. This happened in a period when whoever understood its usage was considered to be among the best in programming. My desire to know its execution and manipulation grew as development on UNIX progressed. Its usage, as an interface between windows and UNIX environments, was quite interesting as it offered more security and file sharing capabilities. The introduction of Linux was also very useful. I knew Linux to be a clone of UNIX since the basics of its usage fits that of UNIX. In fact, my knowledge of Linux usage led some people to think that I was a UNIX guru. However, all I knew was the usage of Linux, and a few elements on UNIX user environment. In essence, my knowledge of UNIX attested to the following: That UNIX assigns its user a home directory whenever one logs in. The directory makes a sub-tree of the whole memory construction, which UNIX assigns to the user. It is also important to note that UNIX system has three accounts, which I needed to know extensively. These are User, System and Root accounts. A user account provides access to the system through execution of two files. These are.cshrc and.login. These files entail commands, which set up user environment. I still needed to learn a lot on UNIX user administration, as I only understood it superficially. Moreover, I had very little knowledge on the other accounts of UNIX, namely Root and System account. In fact, I knew Root account to refer to a super-user account and that it controlled the UNIX system. This made me assume that it is the system administrator, which does not need any restrictions to execute commands. I ha
In his short story “Lying in Bed Together,” writer Richard Van Camp warns readers that the environmental disaster has already begun and can lead to terrible consequences. This theme is especially revealed in the characters’ conversation discussing that current events are set up for a future destined tragedy (Van Camp 236-237). The severity of the future disaster is conveyed in the expression, “Hell is coming and you’re a part of it” (Van Camp 236). To emphasize the threat, the author uses the metaphor of hell to describe it. Moreover, calling the narrator part of the disaster, Valentina appeals to all people, holding them responsible for the future. Van Camp also applies allusion, calling the real places “Muskrat Falls, Site C Dam, Standing Rock,” which the reader may know and thereby pay attention and tie events to the present (236). This part of the text is troubling and alarming, as it links the story’s disaster with reality. The lines following the conversation emphasize that people already know that an environmental disaster is coming. The impending crisis itself was transmitted using allegory – the event is embodied in Wheetago characters, monsters devouring people and becoming increasingly hungry. However, the narrator’s reflection lines are more critical: “Why did this feel real? Why did I already know this?” (Van Camp 237). In this way, the author says that people already know about future problems but prefer not to believe or ignore them since they do not want to be responsible or connect their destiny with the planet. Thus, the story’s central message is that although the disaster is foregone and has already begun, people are not doing enough to stop it. Works Cited Van Camp, Richard. “Lying in Bed Together.” Cli-Fi: Canadian Tales of Climate Change , edited by Bruce Meyer, Exile Editions, 2017, pp. 231-242.