ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The determination of the profitability of business project needs thorough analysis and study. The decisions made are vital through defining whether the risks accompanying the project justify the benefits and the advantages. This paper is going to consider a particular case of opening a fitness Gym “Elite Personal Training” in London in giving general basics on analyzing effectiveness of business. The case considers the idea of opening a fitness club by in the city of London, Ontario. The main concept is involving the idea of personally training individually the clients of the gym. The idea of the gym belongs to Martin Menard and Mirella Craciun, personal trainers who in their current work have a client base of 40 people. The primary money investment is approximately 14.000$ held by Craciun, and Menard contribution would have to be in de form of managing and growing the business. The financial objectives of the project were decided to be as following:   * Monthly salary of 2500$ each. (Could be possibly gave up in the first 2-3 months)   * 10 000$ in the first year for re-investment.   * Register four to eight new clients every month starting from the second year. The guarantee of the commercial success of fitness clubs are many, to mention a few, clear and adequate concept, objective information about the demand for the sport services in the region, the unique style, the creation of the competitive advantages, the effective marketing measures. Furthermore, the detailed planning of investments makes it possible to accurately determine the necessary sum of investments and to plan the profit of the sport club. Measures of effectiveness of business projects can be divided into two groups:  1. Measures of the effectiveness of the operating activity of enterprise, which realizes project in our case it is fitness club activity. The plan (report) about the profits and the losses and balance is used with the calculation of the indices of this group. Here are involved the measures of profitability, solvency, liquidity, effectiveness of the turnover of entering, average rate of profit on the investments.  2. The measures of the effectiveness of the investments, whose calculation is, produced on the basis of the plan (report) of the flow of cash resources. In this group of indices is examined the payback period project, the clean given cost of the flow of money, the index of profitableness, internal net profit ratio, and other The groups given in this division makes it possible for the owners to answer the following questions.   * How rapidly will the initial capital be paid off?   * How will be correlated the profit, obtained as a result of the realization of project with the initial investments?   * To what extent is the result effective with the given investments? The index period of compensability characterizes sufficiently well the risk of project; however, it does not reflect the effectiveness of project after the period of compensability and cannot be used for determining the profitableness of project. This method makes it possible to give only the crude estimate of the
Health care management is an area that covers different aspects of health care providers either directly or indirectly. “Hospital corporate restructuring is the segmentation of assets or functions of the hospital into separate corporations. While these functions are almost always legally separated from the hospital, but their impact on hospital policymaking may be far more direct”. (Jeffrey, et al 1988). We think that management system dealing with doctors, nursing staff, the main building of the hospital, pharmacy, laboratory and all of this makes a health care system but in fact, it is far more than this and it is far more extensive and complicated than what is normally thought and felt. “Healthcare organizations often employ multicorporate structures because of their many financial benefits”. (Jeffrey, et al 1988). The example we will be discussing here examines “the effects of corporate restructuring by community hospitals on the structure, composition, and activity of hospital governing boards An effective Quality-Utilization Management Program requires a contemporary and clinically relevant information system. Involvement of the medical staff and support of hospital personnel is critical to implement such a program. Equally important is the commitment of government and community representatives to address hospital quality and utilization issues in the context of the full range of community services” (Jeffrey, et al, 1988). There is been limited work done on this concept of corporate restructuring and health care system through hospital policymaking.” Based on a review of the literature, we identified two basic board types: philanthropic and corporate. “The philanthropic model is based on descriptions of boards of not-for-profit organizations, while the corporate model is derived from descriptions of boards of directors of non-healthcare, private sector corporations” (Johnson, 1986). There are a number of positive aspects of multicorporate structure which are as follows. “It tends to distinguish more sharply between policymaking and operations of the organization (Mace, 1976; Vance, 1968). “It is more likely to see its own role as that of formulating institutional policy and strategic decision making, with a delegation of responsibility and authority to the CEO for day-to-day operations. This model works through a strategy which is aimed to emphasize their role also in establishing overall policy direction along with preserving the assets of the organization and fulfilling fiduciary responsibilities.” (Prybil and Starkweather, 1976; Kaufman, 1979; Ritvo, 1980). A small structure or as every hospital has a small human resources department in any hospital actually lemmatizes the utilities of a system but having a corporate structure increases the usage of a system and more way to increasing income and stabilizing the internal and external consistency. “In the current health care climate, for example, they are more likely to be concerned with the hospital’s competitive position; proposals for diversification, mergers, and joint ventures; and strategic planning. Several factors will drive the restructured hospital to adopt a m
Review of the Teaching Log The teaching log shows how I was able to plan my lesson in a way that helped eliminate racial/ethnic, gender, socio-economic and ability gap in reading, as well as, writing. Cheesman and De Pry (2010) believe that literacy instruction should be culturally responsive and involve effective instructional practices. The goal of my lesson was to help learners acquire reading skills that would be necessary to comprehend the text at a level that is consistent with their general English comprehension. What worked? During the lesson, I used several transferable skills which included explaining, asking questions, leading, organizing, convincing and assessing to help learners develop literacy skills. I lead the discussion on prior knowledge of learners’ background, and how their backgrounds affected their feelings, attitudes and experiences. This background information helped me assess how the learners received the information that author is communicating. I therefore helped the learners create a chart to assess their feelings. I also asked questions to help learners connect the learning content with the contents of the previous lesson. I also used the questions to stimulate critical thinking skills and expand responsive perspectives. The questions were used as exit card and for formative assessment. I used paper cards for formative assessment to help me understand the students level of comprehension and to modify our discussion (Cooper, 2003). I also explained to the learners about what cover page could mean, and used discussion to explain to learners the information being communicated in the book. I also used discussions to convince the learners on the meaning of the text and the author’s goal. The discussion groups were also meant to help me eliminate barriers between different cultural and socio-economic groups, to help learners learn from one another. What did not work? The questions I applied during the lesson were not very effective in developing critical and responsive skills in the students. I did not use the correct verbs and question format to better stimulate creative thinking and responsive perspectives in learners. Besides, my post-assessment was only qualitative, as it did not involve any form of quantitative assessment, thus, I was not able to make accurate evaluation on how learners from different cultural, and socio-economic backgrounds, achieved the objectives of the lesson. Solution In my subsequent lessons, I intend to modify my questions to make them more captivating so as to help the learners be more creative in their thinking and to expand their responsive perspectives. I will also conduct tests at the end of every lesson to help me understand the students’ level of comprehension of what has been discussed in the lesson. Diversity Practices Strengths of my diversity practices My strength in providing instructions that consider diversity among learners lies in my ability to ensure effective, uniform teaching, and learning activities across
Introduction There has been considerable dynamism in global trade patterns and areas in of development of trade in which countries invest worldwide. The most recent remarkable changes occurred during the financial crisis that has dominated the better part of the second half of this decade (Whelan 3). Exporters have thus been trying to look for means of escaping the harsh effects of the crisis by the use of a variety of strategies that have seen a major shift of trade patterns. Although the cause of the financial crisis that occurred across the world is not known for sure, global trade patterns also had its part to play as one of the causes of the financial crisis. This issue is faced with a considerable controversy but a deeper look into the economic standings of a variety of economies before and during the financial crisis has a myriad of revelations. The financial crisis It is common knowledge that the world is currently recovering from a major financial crisis that began after the middle of this decade. This crisis was remarkably different from the normal cyclical downs due to the fact that prices and outputs fell all over the world (Bernanke 3). Such a situation had not happened in close to eight decades since the last Keynesian mode, which could be compared with the stated financial crisis, happened in the 1930’s. However, there is an identifiable difference between the counter-measures applied in the 1930’s and those applied during the last four-or-so years. While countries raised tariffs in the 1930’s and consequently reduced trade, the recent financial crisis was characterized by a decline in trading activities brought about by a su
Introduction Rome is the capital city of Italy and the most populated city in Italy. Its population is approximately 3,300,000. The city is located in the middle of the Italian Peninsula along the Tiber River. It has been one of the most developed cities in Italy hosting most of the past rulers of Italy. It is significant to most Christians bearing in mind that it is the home for the Roman Catholic Church as well as the place where Vatican City is situated. Today Rome is contemporary and international being the third city that is mostly visited by tourists in Europe. It has varied political and cultural significance. Fiumicino international airport, found in this city is the largest in Italy. The city also hosts numerous offices for various Italian industries and three head offices for international companies. It is one of the European cities that were not adversely affected by the Second World War. The city remains basically regenerative and decorative in nature. Various factors, among them, economic, political, technological and sociological changes make this city a significant element in a world wide system of urban places (World Visit Guide, 2009, Par. 1&2). Economic growth in Rome After the Second World War, its economic growth rate started overtaking that of other cities such as Milan and Naples. One of the major contributing factors to its growth was tourism. Rome is the home of various heritages such as the Vatican museum and Musei Capitolini which sees a lot of tourists visiting them every year. Tourism has been an increasing source of income for local population within the Roman city. Cultural heritages form the major tourist attraction in the city. This has been facilitated by the advent of globalization. Many people from other cities and countries has learnt about the various tourist attraction cites in Rome making them travel there to enjoy these rare opportunities. Tourism has become a major economic sector leading to increased development of the Rome city. Availability of vast hotels providing varying services at different charges has also attracted many tourists as they can readily get a hospitable place that equates to their economic status. The city has been divided into different districts thus allowing the visitors have a variety of places to visit depending with their preference. Many stunning buildings found in the Vatican City leave every person yearning to visit Rome. Some of these include the Sistine Chapel which has wide ceiling containing the creation story and St. Peter’s Basilica which was build over 1,500 years ago (World Visit Guide, 2009, Par. 5). Currently, Rome is one of the Italian cities with vibrant economic growth. It has diverse economy which is made up of service sectors, communication and technologies. The city is said to produce up to 6.7% of the Italy’s gross domestic production. Its growth rate has been found to be at +4.4% per year which is the highest in comparison to other Italian cities. Its economic growth continues to appreciate at a very high rate. The city hosts various universities, national televisions and radios which a
Chapter 1 In the first chapter of Hard Core: Power, Pleasure, and the “Frenzy of the Visible,” author Linda Williams reveals the concepts of “speaking sex” as a feature of pornography and the “knowledge-pleasure” sexuality represented in films (2-3). Aiming to define the genre of hard-core films, the author refers to Foucault’s ideas regarding sexuality, power, and pleasure in the context of cinema and goes on to describe her approach to discussing hard-core pornography as feminist revisionism (5). In this chapter, the author presents a history of pornography and begins her analysis of the stereotypes related to this genre. She also discusses the attitudes of women toward pornography along with the views of anti-censorship feminists. This chapter provides the reader information that facilitates an understanding of the background of the controversial issue of pornography. Chapter 2 In the second chapter, the author focuses on the prehistory of hard-core films, defining them as a “frenzy of the visible” (Williams 36). Williams uses this term to identify how hard-core films began to represent knowledge-pleasure sexuality with the help of visual means. She also concentrates on the origin of pornography as a result of developing a discourse on sexuality while discussing the associated differences in depicting the bodies of women and men in these films. Even more important, according to Williams, hard-core films developed as an endeavor to present truths about specific bodily pleasure, and thus, these films became a representation related to this type of pleasure (50). Chapter 3 The third chapter includes an analysis of stag films associated with the primitive pornography of the 1910s to 1920s. In considering this early stage of hard-core cinema, Williams identifies its main features, providing a detailed analysis of several examples (63). She finds that maximum visibility for the act was the key feature of such films, and sexual relations were primarily addressed to the camera. Thus, these films are assumed to be intended for instruction rather than seen as works of art (Williams 59). Furthermore, in most cases, these films were illegal, silent, and primitive, lacking a narrative. In this chapter, the author pays much attention to examining primitivism and specifics of shots in stag films as the first examples of the hard-core genre. Chapter 4 In the fourth chapter, Williams focuses on the idea of fetishism with reference to Freudian views as well as those of philosophers (95). The author goes on to describe the transition from making primitive stag films to creating feature-length films with adequate plots and narrative coherence in the 1970s. In addition, the author discusses the idea of fetishism in relation to demonstrating the ejaculation of the penis as the “money shot” or key fetish and climax that this genre uses. Williams next turns attention to analyzing details and features of the film Deep Throat as an example of the first feature-length film including important fetishes (94). Specifically, the
Executive summary Government agencies, intellectual property units, and other law enforcement agents have made many efforts to stop practices aimed at violating intellectual rights, counterfeiting and pirating individuals’ innovations (Yang, 2002). Such efforts have been targeted to discourage production and trade of fake products. While trying to understand why some consumers choose fake or illegal products, it has become clear that the market demand side plays a major role in this issue. In fact, it is a complex task trying to understand why some customers decide to purchase fake products (Yang, 2002). However, there are a number of motivating factors causing consumers to choose fake products including factors such as affordable prices, easy access to fake products, predetermined perception, social acceptability, and weak government policies among other factors (Penz and Stottinger, 2005). The most important thing is that once consumers begin to understand the full repercussions of purchasing fake products it is only then that they will stop the behavior of choosing counter products (McDonald and Christopher, 1994). Additionally, it is only when the administration will fully understand the driving factors that make consumers to purchase fake products, that it will start training programs to educate and enlighten consumers in regards to counterfeit products (Hoe, Hogg, and Hart, 2003). This is because the government has a role to play in protecting consumers from the dangers of counterfeit and piracy. This research paper will make an extensive summary of findings from research carried out to understand consumer’s attitudes and behaviors towards counterfeit and piracy. The main objective of this paper is to institute change in regards to consumer’s attitudes and behaviors towards counterfeit products. This will help consumers to understand the dangers of purchasing fake products and hence deter such illegal purchases for social change. In a broad way, the paper will study consumer’s attitude towards counterfeit product in the market both in the present and in the past. Introduction Product counterfeit can be defined as illegal manufacturing of products, which have been protected by the intellectual property rights (Penz and Stottinger, 2005). In this project, customer’s attitude towards counterfeit goods has been observed closely to get a vivid picture of the crisis. Attitude “is a learned predisposing to behave in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object” (Penz and Stottinger, 2005). Despite the numerous efforts by the International Trade Organizations (and other trade agencies) to discourage counterfeiting practices, products counterfeiting has been a growing problem in the world. According to McDonald and Christopher (1994), counterfeiting is a major and growing problem in the society today. Product counterfeiting and piracy has increased in both developed and under-developed countries. This problem of counterfeiting has not only increased but it has also proved a major crisis that is hard to eliminate (Hoe,
Sun Tzu’s ‘Art of War’ is one of the most read books that guide military strategists and leaders on issues that relate to war and how they should be approached. In the book, Tzu insists that leaders should always make appropriate plans to ensure they can deal with different types of situations they are likely to face and which may weaken their power and authority. He proposes five main principles which should be made a part of the general military strategy before any war effort is undertaken by a state. These include moral law, heaven, earth, commander, and methods to be used. The historical application of this text focuses more on the traditionalist application of state formation in the past. Tzu’s ideas describe the realistic application of various ideas that can be used on the battlefield and how an army commander may apply his skills to subdue an opposing army. Machiavelli’s ‘Art of War’ advises that a leader should be ready to make new plans and adapt whenever he feels that things are not moving in a positive direction. He focuses on historical leadership battles to reinforce his arguments about the efficacy of various political strategies and tactics which leaders can use to maintain their strength. More importantly, Machiavelli insists that an effective political strategy should serve the needs of a leader and should not focus on making the people being ruled happy. Therefore, he insists that a ruler should seek to achieve only one objective: to acquire power and to maintain his position without showing any weaknesses to his opponents. Machiavelli’s work looked at the actions of the ruling elite in Europe when many territories were still administered as monarchies in medieval times. His work shows that he favored a monarchy system of government, but it is also a realistic portrayal of the competitive nature of power systems in both ancient and modern history. During that time, many monarchs ruled by decree and used violence to legitimize their claim on power when other peaceful initiatives failed. The point of focus between the two authors is the influence of time on their works. The application of Sun Tzu’s work is timeless and was not targeted at any specific political or military system. In his work, Sun Tzu insists that discipline and good organization are essential factors that enable a commander to either excel or fail in his mission on the battlefield. This shows that he wrote his work during a time when honor, sacrifice, and courage were some of the main principles that were cherished by people in oriental nations, mainly due to the influence of Confucianism. The main idea that comes out of Tzu’s text is that war should be treated as an act of necessity due to its disruptive nature and dam