ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Humans were meant to be social beings and this can be traced back to ancient times where the Homo sapiens organized themselves into groups for survival. When individuals come together they develop similar habits from their lifestyle to the way they address various issues in life. These common behaviors include beliefs, customs, languages, rules, social activities, and group identities which are collectively defined as culture. Catholicism fits this definition because it is not only a denomination for worship gatherings but a society with specific traditions which have been followed by believers since its establishment. Like any other widely-practiced culture, Catholicism has an elaborate history. Its origin can be traced back to the Roman Empire and the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the 1 st century. The difference between Catholic and other Christian denominations is that it follows extra traditions which are not drawn from the Bible. Over the centuries, the church has adopted complex theologies and a distinct organizational structure led by the papacy which is the oldest existing monarchy all over the globe (Féich and O’Connell 239). Since Catholicism is one of the oldest Christian cultures, it spreads and is recognizable in all parts of the world. Consequently, Catholicism has several characteristics which define its members. First, as any other Christian culture, its religious practices are centered on Jesus who is recognized as the believers’ messiah. However, unlike other denominations, Catholics also base their faith on Mary, Jesus’ mother who intercedes on their behalf whenever they pray (Isacco et al. 330). Secondly, the church has an overall leader known as the Pope who is not only a link between God and the members but also the head of Vatican City. Additionally, the organizational structure of the community is top-bottom with bishops and cardinals in charge of various regions. Finally, Catholic churches widely use crucifixes in the places of worship and members can also have them as necklaces to symbolize Christ’s presence. Aside from these traits, the Catholic culture has distinct beliefs and traditions. The church believes in the immortality of the soul and the accountability of one’s actions during death. Those who are right with God go to heaven while the unrighteous are punished. As a member, it is an individual’s obligation to attend masses every Sunday to have an experience with God (Féich and O’Connell 240). Another significant tradition is the observance of the fasting and abstinence laws during the Good Friday and Ash Wednesday celebrations. Finally, the church also encourages celibacy in service for God and has priests and nuns who do not marry and stay in convents (Féich and O’Connell 245). Everybody must follow these beliefs and norms to be acceptable members of the Ca
From the first chapter of the book, the authors explore how the world politics have been bureaucratized through the establishment of international organizations. To a large extent, the authors are quite categorical that international organizations have indeed evolved and become highly bureaucratic in the sense that they have the power to exercise their ideals over independent states across the globe (Barnet and Finnemore 6). While such an assertion may imply that international organizations have become autocratic in their operations, the authors should have emphasized that these organizations usually seek some form of authorization from individual states. It is also worth to mention that the degree of bureaucracy mentioned in the book may not be common across the board especially when all the global states are put into consideration. From the book, it is evident that international organizations have taken a center stage in influencing global politics and governance policies. Although not all of these organizations can be judged the same way, the common emerging trend is that these organizations are turning out to be special bureaucratic bodies. Initially, international organizations were mainly known to execute pacts between international states. Such pacts were meant to forge a common benefit among partner states. In other words, the guiding principles were drawn from the affected states. The latter had the sole mandate to decide the best governing or regulation policies that could be used. Even productive rights are being controlled by some of these organizations. A case in point is the World Health organization that has the authority to issue restrictive birth control guidelines to specific independent states. Such restrictions are usually issued in cases when some of these states need international aid. Another typical example is the European Central Bank which is currently influencing monetary policies among several states across the globe. The authors highlight that it may not be a fair practice for an organization such as the European Central Bank to influence the fiscal policies of sovereign states since it directly amounts to a high level of bureaucracy and autocratic form of leadership. Nonetheless, the authors have failed to develop a clear-cut difference between being authoritative and autocratic especially in regards to elements of bureaucracy that have been witnessed in most of these international organizations. Perhaps, aligning the roles of individual international organizations with the enforcement tactics that have been put in place may shed additional light on the bureaucratic performance of the aforementioned organizations. It may not be justified to label all the activities of these international organizations with negative attributes of bureaucracy. In any case, there are several states that often acknowledge the operations of the so-called bureaucratic international organizations. Even though these organizations are often discredited and harshly judged in public dis
Method of Evaluation Learning as a function in any institution or organization is a systems level phenomenon that is implemented by the organization and remains on a perpetual basis in the organization despite the changes in the organizations structure. This research will therefore embrace learning as a task with equal regard as other tasks such as manufacture production or delivery of commodities. This however does not suggest that learning be allocated its own time at the expense of all other organizational activities but rather the organizational activities be considered as learning processes and systems. This will ensure that the learner develops and maintains the central competencies that form the foundation of new products tools and services. It will also serve to ensure that the learner maintains a continuous margin of improvement in as far as business value added can is concerned. Learning has been associated with an organizations ability to renew and revitalize its products through creative learning and development. The extent to which the learner meets these objectives will be the measure of the extent to which learning has occurred. The results of this research will be deployed to the learner through an integrated learning system that involves actionable learning. The information will also be disseminated through collective and collaborative learning (Rosen 2004 p 130-150). Development Plan Development of a projects plan involves formulating the foundation of the project. Development of the plan is an interactive process that involves testing and examining various theories of design and development. The research will therefore involve a five stage development plan that will provide the client with e complete learning module. The function specification This is the general definition and description of the product. It provides for the specific requirements features and performance measures as per the client’s specifications. The specific related features of the client are identified and documented at this stage. The non-technical aspects of the program are therefore redefined at this stage. The technical specification This is the process of restating of the clients functional specifications in engineering terms. It will therefore defin
Introduction Nigeria has plans for increasing the production of oil to about 40 million. Nigeria is the chief oil producing country in Africa and is ranked the seventh internationally (NNPC 2004).The federal government aim at achieving 50% of the constituents in oil by 2010.Oil and other natural recourses are seen as national assets. However, research indicates that this is not true in case of Nigeria. Birdsall and Subramanian (2004, p.77) explain that many developing countries rich in natural resources and oil have a per capita income that is less than 1 dollar per day. Such countries have poor health indices, high infant mortality rates, low life expectancy and high levels of literacy. They further explain that the fluctuations in international prices result in dangerous economic cycles that make it difficult for the government to plan for development especially, if they use their money wisely during times of economic boom and run dry when there is a fall in oil prices resulting in an economic bust. According to Birdsall and Subramanian (2004, p.84), there is a Dutch disease when resources are discovered that makes the economy strong. The currency becomes strong which results in products being expensive in the global market that leads to less revenue and low export. This makes the economy suffer from economic slump. There are inadequately strong political and economic institutions in countries rich in resources. Researchers further show that countries that have resources like oil should adopt marketing strategies to improve on their performance (Obadina 2003, p.11). Petroleum is the leading mineral produced in Nigeria. It is largely established in the Niger Delta that is made up of Ondo and Imo states, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa and Delta states. Oil exploration in Nigeria began in 1938. Today, Nigeria is the chief oil producer and exporter in Africa. Petroleum provides 70% of Nigeria’s foreign exchange. Nigeria accounts for 25 billion barrels out of the 66 billion barrels reserved by Africa. However, Nigeria has more oil and gas deposits but this has resulted in negative impacts consequently making the exploration of oil a curse rather than a blessing. This study has an intention of expanding the use of marketing strategies to improve on the performance of oil industry in Nigeria. To achieve objectives and goals that have been set by the organization, an organization should implement and design various marketing strategies. Various authors view marketing strategies in various perspectives for instance: It is seen as a matrix to plan, promote, produce, and mega market ideas, services, and goods that are applicable to clients and customers. It has been identified that Nigerians oil producing companies were not entrepreneurial and this was attributed to several factors: Inadequate trained manpower, poor development of infrastructure, and inadequate capital to employ marketing strategies in their oil co
Legal principles and dogmas are often important facts of life. Now, lawmakers and political leaders create a unique understanding of drug abuse, addiction, or dependency which influences social policies and medical principles. Heroin is one of the most dangerous drugs as this substance affects the human brain and ruins nervous cells. The legalization of heroin is one of the controversial questions in many countries based on the discussion of medical usage and the benefits of its legal status for society. In Switzerland, the legalization of heroin should be prohibited because this drug will have a negative impact on the health of people and can lead to further popularization of the drug in society. In order to support this argument, critics would say that heroin is one of the most dangerous drugs which lead to psychological and psychological changes in the brain. The drug legalizers’ opposition to the drug prohibitionists is so unprincipled that this drug makes the differences between the two parties illusory. Like all governments, the government in Switzerland has always had the authority to prohibit certain behaviors. However, the government has had and still has only limited power and legal rules to do so. Because the state owns no rights, the government cannot give us any rights or “legalize” any acts, whether the state is practicing a religion or using a dangerous drug. In other words, Lawmakers can enact prohibitions and can repeal prohibitions, but they cannot legislate permissions. As heroin becomes associated with illness, and its strict control with treatment, the people caught up in this situation madness-as anyone familiar with linguistics might expect–lose not only their common sense but their sense of humor as well (Hummel n.d.). In order to refute these arguments critics would mention taxation issues and illegal black market operations which have a negative impact on the state and economy. The legalization of heroin could reduce black market operations and increase the financial income of the country obtained from taxes. But some tragic conditions can arise. In some cases, heroin is used for medical purposes and is required by medical staff (Marneffe 34). Thus, these policies can become a slippery slope for the state as they permit drug abuse and popularize heroin. These policies will have a negative impact on society and young generations. The fact that drug critics are so fond of resting their arguments on this image of abused children related to temptation shows that they are unaware of the legal and medical issues of the problem. The dangerousness of heroin justifies the medical-political relations of both drug sellers and drug users–of the former, in terms of law enforcement and in terms of drug treatment. All this requires strong relations between branches of power in the state, which costs money that must be confisca
Introduction The purpose of the research is clearly stated in the “background” section. According to the authors, studies of investor behavior can benefit not only the parties directly involved with the segment in question but can also be effectively extended to other products and markets (Thomas and Matthews 250). In addition to improving the robustness of existing knowledge, the research may offer new insights. In particular, studying a retirement savings scheme such as KiwiSaver allows extending the findings to other fields and providing new contexts (Thomas and Matthews 251). The scheme is relatively new and, therefore, unexplored, for which reason the background of the research provided by the authors focuses on previous studies of investor behavior and principles of fund flows. With this approach, the authors aim to correlate the findings with the results of other researchers in the field, verify the relevance of the findings, and detect new insights by observing similarities and differences. Therefore, the provided background is relevant to the research study. Literature Review Since, according to the authors, no previous research existed on their topic at the time of the study, the literature review explores similar themes in related fields. The literature review targets two categories: investor behavior affecting fund flows and variables that can significantly alter the results. While the former evidently bears a direct relation to the research, it is only briefly covered in this section of the article, citing the findings of one previous study. The latter, on the other hand, is covered exhaustively and includes investment return, the convexity of flow, timespan factors, and search costs, among other topics. All of the variables are extensively covered and supported with exact and precise quotations from original authors that ensure complete understanding and offer justification for the methodology of the study. Finally, the authors point out several inconsistencies that suggest the need for a more in-depth inquiry. Therefore, despite scarce coverage of previous studies on the matter, the literature review can be considered moderately broad and sufficiently focused on the issue. The literature review uses a theoretical framework since it establishes the fragmentary nature of the current understanding of the problem and the lack of a unified theory (Sekaran and Bougie 80). Research Design The authors have chosen a simple panel data regression analysis as the method for the research. Their rationale for the choice is the suitability of the said method for describing the impact of multiple independent variables on a single dependent variable (Thomas and Matthews 253). In addition, they appeal to the extensive application of the said method in a significant number of other studies, confirming its compatibility with the formulated research questions. Since the study uses six independent variables, with each pair of hypotheses using one variable and each regression using all six independent variables, the chosen method is appropriate for the research question (Wooldridge 404). The data
Licensure Criteria: Illinois Obtaining a Registered Professional Nurse (RN) licensure is the primary step in the transition from a student to a BSN graduate. In Illinois, the major requirement for becoming an RN is the educational background. BSN or any equivalent degree is a must for passing the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLE). With a four-year university degree, I am eligible for obtaining RN which can be considered the basic type of license in nursing. Passing the NCLE is the second criteria for getting the RN license. It is a multiple-choice, computer-based test meant to check applicants’ knowledge in various areas including care environment, patient safety, health promotion, psychosocial and physiological integrity, and so on. In case a person fails the examination, he or she may use the performance report to fill the gaps in knowledge. However, it will be possible to take the NCLE again only after three months (National Council of States Board of Nursing, 2017). Before getting a license, a nurse should provide a completed fingerprint card and criminal history record which can be obtained in any local law enforcement agency. A background free of convictions, crime history, and arrests is an important licensure criterion in Illinois. The given requirement allows the Board of Nursing to ensure greater patient safety and quality of health care. Job Search: Chicago Newly graduated RN at Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (RIC) The RN will be responsible for performing an individualized, age-specific assessment of patients, and providing nursing diagnoses to them. Candidate should demonstrate a whole range of knowledge in safety, planning, implementation of interventions, patient education and communication, and so on. To apply for the position, RNs should have the BSN or an equivalent degree, as well as a valid RN license issued by the Illinois Department of Financial & Professional Regulation. Additionally, such personal qualities as flexibility, adaptability, and critical thinking skills are welcomed by the RIC. Dialysis nurse at Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) The nurse will be responsible for the performance of chronic hemodialysis therapy, compliance with professional standards and FMS policies. The basic job requirements include the BSN d
New department’s mission and objectives Different companies incorporate various business interactions with the third-party providers to a different extent. In such a way, depending on the level, at which a particular company functions, the scope of its projects, and the area or industry, in which it is involved, there are different nuances regarding the cooperation with the third-party providers. In the modern business environment, there is a growing need for a new institution in the corporate architecture that would provide a service of constant monitoring and control over the cooperation with the third-party providers (Fowler, 2002). It is important to note that for larger organizations, such as Netflix, Inc. which is the subject of this design inquiry, there are a number of crucial functions that a new department dealing with interactions with the third-party providers should administer. First of all, it would enhance the effectiveness of “customer service function, where customers with warranted or defective products would return them to their supplier” (Meade & Sarkis, 2002, p. 283). The mission is that the commercial value of a particular service should not be largely affected by the third-party providers since the company “will want to recover the cost of setting up the service from their customers” (Jefferies, Mitchell, & Walker, 1996, p. 99). Overall, the main objective of the new department is to oversee the third-party providers both in terms of the quality of goods and services they offer and in relation to the cost-effectiveness of their services to the company. Critical activities to ensure the continuous monitoring of risks One of the key activities that the new department will implement is to incorporate CobIT Framework that would help to maintain the regulatory aspect of risks monitoring at the level of the entire company (Whitman & Mattord, 2011). The second activity is to align the third-party oversight program with all the other major company’s objectives and goals. The third activity is to improve the overall data warehousing and information exchange at the corporate level. In addition to that, it is also important to make an account of all the risks that may be associated with the respective technology that is used in data warehousing, which is the fourth critical activity. The fifth step concerns the intermediate stage of the governance implementations, at which the goals of the department are already aligned with those of the organization on the whole. It relates to monitoring the response of the users and customers to the new modes of services, namely user testing (Abelson et al., 1997). The sixth activity also attends to the response of the users, and it is the pilot and parallel deployment activities that ensure monitoring of the working pro