ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The new religion established by a man named Mohammed is stirring up the hornet’s nest in my hometown of Makka. There are so many questions that linger in the air. It is a challenge to reconcile what Mohammed said in comparison to the current events of the 7 th century. However, there is something about what he said that attracted people to his cause. A close examination of his teachings will reveal that although his ideas were patterned after Judaism and Christianity he said something that captured the attention of the people. This was achieved when he made a connection to Islam and the Kaabah a major religious structure in the city. Contemplating Islam One of the problematic issues that I had to contend with is the fact that Mohammed patterned his teachings to that of Judaism and Christianity. Judaism is an ancient religion established hundreds of years before Islam. It can be surmised through the study of Jewish sacred scriptures that Abraham founded Judaism. But it must be pointed out that Moses was the one who was instrumental in creating the religion that became the foundation of the Jewish nation (Forta, p.13). The distinctive feature of this ancient religion that makes it stand out above the rest is the notion that there is only one God. But just like Abraham, Mohammed said something that captured the imagination of the people because he also taught that there is only one God. In ancient times this assertion is a radical idea. It is more practical and even more prudent to worship different idols. In a superstitious society it is better to have all the bases covered so to speak. Polytheism is the answer to the fear of sea travel, mountain spirits, crop failure, famine, accidents, and the unknown. It is a ridiculous idea to suggest to ancient fishermen that there is no need to worship o
Introduction The world is increasingly becoming competitive due to the emergence of new firms in various industries. According to Phipps (2011, p. 275), firms are finding themselves under increased pressure to deliver products of very high quality, but at subsidized prices to attract customers. Delivering products of high quality at reduced prices is not an easy task. This is because the cost of production has consistently been on the rise. Firms are finding themselves at awkward positions where they have to pay for the increased processes related to acquisition of raw materials and labor. It is not an easy undertaking for a firm to deliver products using inputs that are more expensive and still afford to charge competitive prices. However, there is no option for these firms. They must find ways through which they can maintain their competitive prices while at the same time increasing their products’ value. It is through this that they will be assured of an increased market share in the industries they operate. In order to achieve this, firms have realized that they have to maintain high efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. The process of delivering products to the market must be very efficient. In this case, the efficiency involves ensuring the process takes place at the least possible cost within the shortest time possible. Effectiveness will be ensured by making sure the factors of production deliver output as expected. The management must be in control of these factors of production in order to deliver the desired results. There has been an argument that the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness in the production process comes at the expense of the welfare of the workforce. Those who support this line of thinking argue that when the management emphasizes on production efficiency and effectiveness, it would always come at the expense of human resource. This is mainly because human resource is a factor of production. In order to enhance efficiency, there must be a reduced cost of production in the firm. This means that in the quest to lower this cost, the management will make an effort to cut the cost of labor in the firm. This would result into a scenario where the management will try to make maximum use of labor force at the least cost possible. This means that the management will try to exploit the workforce. This exploitation is what is referred to as lack of consideration for the welfare of the workforce. This research examines the claims that management’s pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness has been at the expense of labor’s welfare. Management’s Pursuit of Efficiency and Effectiveness Comes According to Bowey (2005, p. 19), the human resource is the most important asset in the organization. The above scholar argues that for a firm to achieve its objectives, it must find a way of making employees part of the objectives. The workers are always responsible for the implementation of projects in the organization. The main input of employees is directly proportional to the overall output of the firm. When they work with motivation, their efforts will always be transferred to the ove
In the 1990s, the people of Australia were living in fear of their lives. The beginning of the war with Japan made them afraid of a soon invasion. Citizens were evacuated from Darwin, but some of them refused to leave their native town and became randomized victims of the attack. Those who were going to the south of Australia met discontent with the government, as the Prime Minister told that he did not want any of half-caste Aboriginals (Smith 2011). In 1942 first two air raids from Japan mounted on Darwin. This target was chosen in order to render out of commission the most important and powerful position that could have repelled Japanese aggression. It was prepared to protect not only Australia but also Indonesia and Timor (Grose 2010). All defense strategies were designed, taking into account the forces of Darwin harbor, so its destruction let to a great panic. The demolition of the major naval base left the country without their main weapon against the invaders. People who survived and stayed in Darwin lost their homes and had no place to go. The feeling of vulnerability settled in the minds for a long time. Civil infrastructure also suffered from air raids and made life in the town even more repugnant (Knightley & Crawford 2013). Another Pearl Harbor All those terrible events that took place in Darwin harbor are now considered to be the strongest attack after Perl Harbor. It not only ruined the harbor itself but destroyed airfields. More than 300 citizens were not able to survive, and even more of them were injured (Knightley & Crawford 2013). The events that happened during the period between 1901 and World War II were not only negative. Under the influence of such a dangerous situation, the sense of security formed in the conscious of Australian people. It was the thing that took its place in the foundation of not only the defense policy but also diplomatic and trade ones (Turcker 2011). Creating the Danger The unexpected bombing of Darwin was thought to be the beginning of the invasion of Australia by the majority of the population. However, this assumption was wrong. At that time, Japan also threatened other countries, and as it soon became known that bombing was meant to invade Timor. Still, Australian people were very influenced by the catastrophe, and since that theme, they felt vulnerable to some degree, which made them an easy target (Grose 2010). The attack led to the destruction of a great number of crafts and weapons that were supposed to be used for defense. With the help of dive bombers, the Japanese ruined eight ships in the harbor, and almost all other gained deteriorations. Only one of ten planes that were in Darwin and protected it survived the attack. They were even not able to crash Japanese planes, as only a couple of them were lost. The Royal Australian Air Force Base was the target of the second attack, but at that time, there was nothing that could have protected it. The Hudson light bombers, 6 Am
The US economy and position in the world have greatly developed during the last century. This turn-off started at the very end of the 19 th century. The reestablishment of the US army and navy performed the main part of the success in the Spanish-American War and World War I, which predetermined further progress in the development of the country. The person, who performed the most essential part of the transformation and reorganization of the Navy was a United States Navy flag officer , scientist, and strategist Alfred Thayer Mahan. “He invented a concept of the sea power, which was based upon the statement that world would be controlled by the country with the most powerful navy. His work resulted in the professionalization of the diplomatic corps and improving communication between Washington and diplomats” (Oakes, 573). Besides, the following three international events are also a manifestation of Mahan’s concepts: the annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War, and the building of the Panama Canal. During all its history the US accepted the most ambitious representatives of the European nations who were not able to fulfill themselves completely in the Old World. Thus, America proposed to them wide possibilities for self-affirmation. In that way, the American “tremendous surge of national self-confidence, debouching into super-nationalism”(Lukacs 2) was born. By the end of the 19-th century, the epoch of the world predominance of Great Britain had finished, and the world needed a new powerful leader. The American nation, which had already become a prime power on the American Continent, grew up enough to manifest its rights on the leadership in the world. The successful wars in the Western Hemisphere with the former sub counties, like Spain and the UK, showed the power of the new world leader. But the long American way to world supremacy started on the Pacific archipelago of Hawaii. During a few centuries, this island was a monarchy, till 1891, when the last powerful king Kalākaua died. His sister, Liliʻuokalani , succeeded him on the throne but was betrayed and overthrown by the Committee of Safety . This organization sought the US annexation. Thus, in 1893, the United States Government Minister John L. Stevens ordered U.S. Marines to land on the island. The abruptness of the annexation showed the aggressiveness of the US international affairs course. Then the conflict shifted closer to the US borders in the Caribbean Sea. Cuba was the last of the Spanish colonies, and the people of Cuba started their war for independence. Soo
Reflection Interview Techniques It is critical for a nurse to develop an understanding of external factors that may shape a patient’s health. Social determinants of health help to build a profound assessment of the key phenomena that influence a patient, as well as create an effective tool for managing current threats to their health. In the case under analysis, the interview techniques such as active listening, a combination of empathy, validation, and reassurance, adaptive questioning, and collaborating and summarization were utilized. According to Corcoran and Roberts (2015), the selected strategies allowed setting the environment in which the patient (PR) would feel encouraged to share his experience and be empowered to change his attitude toward self-care. To assess each of the social determinants of health (SDH), five questions were modeled (see Table 1). These questions allowed identifying the problems in the patient’s environment and deigning the approaches for managing the threats to which the patient was exposed. Each of the questions encouraged the patient to identify key factors shaping his health and build awareness about them to encourage further self-directed care. Questions                                                                                                                                                                            Response                                                                                                                                                                                                                                SDH                                Is your current neighborhood environment friendly? Are there any issues that you would like to change in terms of infrastructure? Do you have access to all the necessary services?  Yes, the neighborhood is rather friendly, although it could use some improvements. However, the infrastructure is rather convoluted, which makes it difficult to access a healthcare facility whenever it is needed.                    Neighborhood and built environment Can you describe your community? Do you socialize with your community members often? Do you take an active part in the development of your community?                                My community is rather friendly, though we do not communicate often. I participate in key issues such as political concerns, yet I feel quite distanced from the rest of the community.                                                 Social community context           How do you define health? Do you have a physical regularly? How do you decide whether you need to see a doctor? Where do you get the necessary health-related information?           To me, health is not only physical but also psychological and emotional well-being. I see a doctor at least once a year. However, I get most of the required information from the Internet since it
Introduction The definition of a miracle in religious studies varies from one faith to another. In the Islamic faith, a miracle is believed to have happened when a set of events have taken place. In general, the Muslim faith believes that a miracle is an act of bone out of a supernatural act or involvement. This act must have happened to be experienced by a human being. Miracles in Islam are based upon three fundamental foundations: through the Quran (Muslim Holy book) which details Islamic history, through the prophet Muhammad and in relation through various disclosures. Muslim theologians have always argued that for an act to be considered a miracle, it must have followed some conditions i.e. the act must have been performed by a supreme being, God. The act should be different and must be unusual and cannot be explained using human knowledge. The act should be impossible to challenge and should also occur at the hands of an individual declared to be an apostle of the Muslim faith. The Quran as a Miracle The Quran is believed to be a miracle of miracles as it is considered to be a creation of the supreme maker, Allah. The Quran is believed to have remained the same and constant since the early days of Prophet Muhammad. The exact year has been estimated to be 610. Miracles have also been included in the Quran and fall under specific categories. Miracles are based on science, prophecies, and miracles based on exclusivity or matchlessness. Another reason that it is believed that the Quran is a miracle is that Muhammad was illiterate and had never written a book in his life. This has however been refuted by critics claiming that the Quran has been influenced by other religions such as Christianity and Judaism (Islam-guide.com). Muhammad Although there is no place or part of the Quran that mentions the prophet executing any miracles, he is associated with the miracle of how the Quran came to being. Scholars and traditions have credited the prophet with performing some supernatural acts. Such acts include the prophet “spitting the moon.” during the maltreatment of his followers. This incident is said to have happened in the full view and presence of the Quraysh (Islam-guide.com). This single action encouraged poets and artists. Another miracle action that is believed to have been orchestrated by the great Prophet is when he was approached by 2 men who dared him to prove that he was a prophet, he instructed them to go to nearby trees and ask them who was calling, it is believed that the trees elevated themselves and went to where the Prophet was standing and the trees bowed and stooped to him. Miracles based on Historical Acts There are also miracles that are based on historical times before the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad. One such act of a miracle was when it is believed that Noah, announced that the floods are coming and this was followed by torrential floods (Islam-guide.com). In general, there were acts that were done in the past that have been deliberated to be miracles but the same actions are criticized by other scholars and religions as not true. The act by Noah however remains to be described in the Qura
Susana involved in truancy, and it is necessary to develop a political strategy to address the case of Susana and other similar children and adolescents. A strategy in an agency setting is appropriate because it is reasonable to impact how the local family court interprets such cases. According to Jansson (2018), this strategy implies that it is necessary to organize a team, develop specific goals, and choose a suitable power resource to address the situation. This approach was chosen because it can help reach a condition when local family court judges give credence to social workers’ words regarding what the best interest for the child is. This condition was not present in Susana’s case study, which could adversely affect the girl because the judge ignored the social worker’s words and wanted to remove Susana from her parents’ custody. The Bradly family’s story demonstrates that Tiffany required assistance because she thought that her pimp would harm her, which denotes that she required protection. In this case, it is rational to develop a state-level policy proposal. In practice, it is significant to solicit support of the entire community regarding the need to implement a political change (Jansson, 2018). This information denotes that the strategy should be extensively broadcast to ensure that many community members are aware of and agree with it. This approach was chosen because a state-level policy is accessible and less intimidating compared to nation-wide campaigns (Sherraden, 2002). Furthermore, the rationale behind selecting this strategy is that massive community support can significantly increase the probability that the proposed decision will be finally implemented. Consequently, such an approach seems appropriate to the problem that affects the Bradley family.
Introduction The national transport security branch is concerned with collection, assessment, and dissemination of intelligence information regarding transportation security. Aviation and Transport Security Act (ATSA) grants the transport security administration (TSA) the authority to take charge of security matters in all forms of transportation including aviation (Wadsworth, Pietra & Teufel, 2008). In addition, TSA is responsible for assessing threats that might possibly affects different modes of transportation. For effectiveness to be realized, officials of the national transport security branch are expected undergo well organized trainings to ensure that they are able to identify and report any suspicious activities as they do their work. To report any suspicious activities, members of the national security branch are required to submit surveillance detection reports electronically. These reports are later subjected to manual scrutiny to check the existed of familiar patterns or linkage to any other information affecting transportation security. National Transportation Security Branch with Respect to Aviation Law Under various Acts, the US Congress has given the national transportation security branch powers to deal with various security concerns. They include the Aviation and Transportation Act, Suppression of Terrorism Financing Act, and 9/11 Commission Implementation Act, among others. Drawing from a study by Parsons and Neuman (2014), it is the responsibility of TSA to carry out security threat assessments on any individual who is not a US citizen as well as other who would like to receive flight instruction or training from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certified flight trainers. A major undertaking of the national transportation security branch is to see to it that individuals seeking training from flight schools that are under the watch of FAA are not a threat to transportation security. As pointed out by Parsons and Neuman (2014), it is illegal for flights schools that are authorized by FAA to offer training to any individual who has not been cleared by the Secretary of Homeland Security. This is meant to ensure that all security loopholes are completely sealed. Ideally, security threat assessments have to be authorized by the Aviation and Transportation Security Act as well as Vision 100. By and large, security threat assessments encompass checks against law enforcement, immigration, and intelligence databases (Forest, 2006). The national transportation security branch is
Introduction The financial industry provides economic services to individual clients, organizations, and governments. It is composed of firms and entities whose sole mandate is to manage money. Some of these institutions are government-sponsored. The major aim of such firms is to improve the economy of the country. The institutions making up the financial industry include banks, insurance companies, stock brokerage firms, and credit and finance unions. Many companies and businesses have identified and focused on profitable segments in this industry (Tang and Zannetos 143). As a result, the industry is characterized by a large number of players. Each of the businesses operating in the sector works towards attracting as many customers as possible. A firm operating in the financial industry, as a result, needs to be competitive to remain successful. The current paper proposes how players in this industry can adopt technological innovations in a cost-effective manner. The trends associated with such adoptions will be evaluated about their advantages and disadvantages. Technology and Services in the Financial Sector Technological advancements are important in the promotion of global integration. Technology is also known to enhance deregulation in the financial industry. It enables customers to have better access to monetary services (Arasteh et al. 413). New businesses are also in a better position to compete for customers with existing firms. Research has shown that technology helps change the nature and structure of services provided by financial institutions. As a result of these transformations, customers’ access to financial services is widened. The cost of these services is also lowered, attracting more customers in the process (Tang and Zannetos 143). As stated earlier, there are many players in the financial market. Technological innovation is used as one of the differentiating factors concerning the services offered by these firms. Institutions that offer high-quality services can attract more clients compared to their rivals. Businesses in this sector are also able to broaden the breadth of their services with the help of technology. Innovations in the financial industry have also helped improve the quality of services provided by these businesses. Evolution of Technology in the Financial Industry Overview Technology is a dynamic phenomenon. Information specialists have continued to develop systems that help cater to the needs of the stakeholders in the financial industry. Such stakeholders include the institutions and their customers. Research shows that the use of technology in this industry dates back to 1918 (Dushnitsky and Lenox 951). At the time, banks used telegraphs to make payments within their network. At the time, the platform was referred to as the Fedwire Payment System. Over the years, information technology (IT) specialists have made improvements to the systems intending to attain better results. The introduction of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) marked a major milestone in the technological transformation of the financial industry. Computers have been used by institutions