ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The purpose of this essay is to assess the marketing mix of the crest toothpaste brand, and also make possible recommendations for changes to the brand. Background The Crest toothpaste brand is manufactured by Proctor & Gamble and was first introduced into the United States in 1955. The brand is sold globally, with a majority of the European countries such as Russia, Germany, Poland, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Ukraine selling it using the Blend-A-Mend brand name. This is the brand name is a renowned toothpaste in Germany, and it was acquired in 1987 by P& G (Toothpaste industry market report, 2007). The product line of the crest brand consists of toothpaste, dental floss, mouthwash, toothbrushes, and whitening products. The depth of a product line is used in reference to the various product versions that each line has to offer. In the case of the Crest toothpaste by P & G, the brand is normally offered in two formulations (gel and paste), and three sizes (economy, medium, and large) (Neff, 20004). With respect to the target market for Crest toothpaste, P & G has thus far identified a total of six different segments of the market for the toothpaste, on the basis of ethnic differences and age. For example, there is a segment for the children, the African Americans, as well as one for the Latinos (Neff, 2004). In addition, P & G has also developed appeals for the various segments by way of using various distribution, promotion, and strategic positioning of the product to suit the needs of the various segments. The toothpaste market could be differentiated on the basis of the benefits sought by the customers. For this reason, there are variations in the use and packaging, seeing that some of the toothpaste brands are normally dispensed via a pump, while others still rely on the conventional tube. Additionally, there are those that whiten teeth, others assist in the control of plaque, removal of stains, as well as cavity prevention. The children’s toothpaste market is often targeted by such manufacturers as P & G by the use of toothpaste that is flavored with, for example, vanilla flavor. As such, both the benefits feature of a product, as well as the attributes of such a product, is a useful pointer to the positioning strategy of such a product (Michman et al, 2003). In the case of the crest toothpaste, the product is able to position itself on the basis of preventing cavities. On the other hand, Aim toothpaste employs the positioning strategy of fighting cavities and a pleasant taste. Aquafresh has positioned itself on the basis of fighting cavities, while at the same time also offering fresh breath as an added benefit (Toothpaste industry market report, 2007). Marketing Mix Analysis Overall, the Crest toothpaste brand has not been doing as well as it ought to. Between 1987 and 1997, the market share for the product plummeted by 12 points, from 39 percent to stand at 27 percent (Neff, 2004). This has been attributed to an overextended strategy of the benefit sought. In light of this, Crest has for far too long banked on cavity prevention as the only main strategy to help retain its market share. As such, the brand has failed to
Executive Summary A leader can create milestones, transforms people, or change history. What motivates a leader to do one of these, or all of them, can be examined in the internal and external environment of the leader, the characteristics of the people, events that are happening, and the characteristic traits of the leader. The leader capable of doing these has also the characteristics distinct from others. A leader should have the cognitive and emotional intelligence to achieve what Gandhi has achieved as an effective leader who led the independence of India. The story of Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most fascinating stories in the history of colonizing countries and human rights. Gandhi wanted independence and to free India from the clutches of the British Empire without resorting to violence. He used humility and fasting instead of force. Fasting was his most effective weapon against the British rulers. He was, in the words of Howard Gardner (1999), “a creator with superlative interpersonal intelligence”. Gandhi popularized the idea of peaceful resistance. He fasted for days until he gained sympathy from a great number of people, forcing the government to give in to some of his demands. He was an effective leader because he had the characteristic traits of a leader such as self-confidence, humility, trustworthiness, extraversion, enthusiasm and sense of humor. Moreover, his leadership was effective because of several factors. The internal and external environment chose his leadership; he did not only volunteer for his leadership, but the people chose him to be their leader. India waited for his homecoming so he could lead the people to fight for their independence, without violence. The Film Gandhi Scene 1 – The assassination
It is difficult to notice the work related effects that health care practitioners go through. Health care personnel who take care of mentally or physically ill patients tend to experience symptoms which resemble post traumatic stress disorder. This happens because of the trauma that employees develop as a result of investing long hours at the workplace and dealing with stressing situations in the workplace. Many employers think that by providing their employees with attractive benefits and services, they will be able to motivate and retain their workforce. This at times results in low morale, decline in job performance and high rates of employee turnover, absenteeism and taking of sick leaves (Cohen, Ruggie and Micozzi, 48). If all these setbacks occur even after employers provide work incentives, what could be the underlying problem? Most of the time, it is the welfare of victims that is taken care of when there is a disaster. Even during war, the injured are the ones who receive urgent medical attention. The priorities of medical personnel who work in military medical facilities are to selflessly devote their time and efforts towards saving the lives of soldiers who are injured during wars. They attend to soldiers who have had their legs torn off by landmines as well as those who received bullet wounds. The medical personnel also attend to those who fall sick while in the jungle and soldiers who are rescued from kidnappers. Medical personnel who attend to these victims and patients devote their full attention to their work so that they are able to help the wounded recover fully. The families of these victims are also taken care of by being accorded all the necessary support when they are bereaved or their members affected by disasters. The above findings indicate that victims of disasters and their families are often well taken care of. But what about the personnel who take care of them? The plight of this category of individuals is usually ignored since employers assume that their employees are well trained and capable of handling all kinds of situations. Employers however fail to remember that their members of staff are also human and that they also develop side effects from dealing with people who have undergone disasters (Leach, 402). It is not only the people that have been affected directly by disasters who develop traumas. Many medical personnel have developed work related secondary traumatic stress as a result of dealing with sensitive cases while discharging their duties. Is the welfare of such kinds of employees taken care of? Many organizations are slowly adopting the idea of providing on-site services such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for their employees. These investments are not a waste of funds since wellness clinics produce go
This research explores the subject of public awareness of the issues of climate changes. In particular, the research focuses on the issues of the impact that global warming and big concentration of carbon have on human health and what possible decisions of these problems are. The research also considers questions of the importance of media and public interaction to address global climate change. This research can argue that “lexical creativity and lexical framing” (Nerlich and Koteyko 206) can influence greatly on the propagation of terms related to environmental issues and explanation of them. For example, it can promote public interaction and “conduct public discourses on global climate change” (Inglis 500) and raise peoples’ interests to such issues as the influence of a greenhouse effect and carbon in the air on human health. This study aims at drawing attention to the importance of media in evolving questions of global warming and its consequences (greenhouse effect). A sustainable work should be led to “put the issue of carbon mitigation into the public spotlight” (Nerlich and Koteyko 208). Certain steps had already been done in this direction as “most scientists now accept that climate change is a reality” (Brook 253). However, this questions still deserves great attention because according to the work by Gautier, Deutsch and Rebich, a majority of people, students in particular, have some “misconceptions about climate” (387). Consequently, there is a “knowledge gap” as, “public health officials are aware of the growing human risk associated with climate change” (Akerlof et. al. 2561). Thus, media should pay bigger attention to inform and explain issues related to global climate change. One more important solution to the problem of peoples’ awareness of the global issues and comprehensive social changes is a “public interaction” (Inglis 501). Having analyzed the works mentioned above, we can come up to a conclusion that: one of the reasons of global warming is a big concentration of carbon in the air. As a result, we can observe a greenhouse effect that has a negative influence on peoples’ health. A major task of media and scientists is to join their forces and promote people’s awareness of these issues through different sources of information and public interaction. It can elevate peoples’ consciousness and encourage finding common solutions to the problems. Some steps have been taken to solve the problem. First, many the subjects concerning global climate change have been introduced to the curriculum of many educational establishments to raise students’ awareness of the climate change. Second, the Kyoto Protocol that aims at preventing climate changes was signed. Third, the production of newsletters concerning a greenhouse effect sent to e-mails was developed. Finally, media was involved in the process of fighting against global warming while producing specialized articles and educational TV programs. Our research reveals the problem of public awareness of the influence of global climate change and its effect on human health.
Introduction Self-awareness is crucial in all human interactions. Understanding ourselves makes it possible for us to participate more meaningfully in groups. This paper presents the findings of a self-awareness exercise. I have collated the views of seven people who know me well as a means of finding out certain things about myself that I may be unaware of. In cases where I am aware, I believe that their feedback will strengthen my ideas about myself and provide me with a means of determining which areas of my group participation traits need improvement. The people who agreed to provide me with this information have interacted with me at the group level. Most of them have been members of shared workgroups and have had to deal with me on various issues. In some cases, I was the group leader while in others I was a participating member. The situations vary from group to group. Some of them are class-based while others are institution-based. I trust their views and take their opinion seriously. I collected the data in written form, all in soft copy. I have analyzed it using the five questions provided for the exercise. The five questions address the issues of personal strengths and weaknesses. They also address likable and alienating qualities. At the end of the paper, I have analyzed the feedback they provided to bring out my personality trait and behavioral tendencies. I have used them to develop a consistent view of my personality and my tendencies. I have to say that they have helped me to increase my awareness as far as my team working style is concerned. Primarily I have very strong relational qualities. I am also a feeler. My biggest weakness is taking things personally. I have identified this as serious enough to negate the achievements my relational strength provides. My Strengths I received valuable feedback relating to how I add value to my workgroup. One respondent stated that I seek consensus on issues even if the majority hold a view that is contrary to mine. The respondent reported that I seek to develop relationships before I set upon tasks. I also have a warm presence that makes people feel comfortable because they feel they can trust me. The second respondent identified my strengths as the ability to go the extra mile to ensure the successful completion of assigned tasks. The respondent also added that I can compromise to ensure that the whole group moves forward. This respondent included an example of a time when I took charge to get the group moving forward. We had a problem deciding on our meeting logistics. I offered my house for the group meeting and then we worked out a convenient time for everyone. The third response concurred with the second response that I have a strong sense of relationships. The respondent said that I concentrate on developing personal rela
The History of Criminal Justice The proposed paper will focus on exploring a historical perspective of responding to female offending that is also known as violence against women (VAW). Since ancient times, attitudes towards women’s rights were ambiguous and depended on males. Patriarchy was declared the pivotal issue that concerned offenses and punishment for criminals engaging in violence against women. In Ancient Athens, sex offenses against women were punished by a fine to their husband or father, providing no measures that might directly help victims (Chesney-Lind & Pasko, 2013). In Ancient Rome, men were polygamous, and it was documented by law. Thus, while women were deprived of the right to have several husbands, men were allowed to have several wives. The above issue meant that males could not be accused of adultery even if they did so. Several attempts were made to resolve the identified issue. For example, in the Anglo-Saxon period, it is possible to note Alfred’s laws that primarily focused on sexual intercourse which occurred without the consent of a woman. In particular, the above attempt increased the number of fines for rape and other sexual offenses. Another example is the Sexual Offenses Amendment Act 1976 that was introduced to protect women from such cases. Nowadays, there are several legislations that target equal treatment of women and adequate response to their offense. Therefore, it is essential to discuss this issue in detail, paying attention to its development in the course of history. The paramount goal of the proposed project is the investigation of the criminal justice system response to VAW from a historical viewpoint. Before the Civil War, there was a rapid increase in crime rates caused by the move of rural Americans and the influx of immigrants to cities. Urbanization promoted a situation conducive to crime, and socio-economic difficulties forced people to commit illegal acts. Among the most frequent ones, one may list homicides, rapes, and violence between White and African-American populations. The patterns of crime included riots of African-Americans struggling against slavery and resistance of Whites to this movement. For example, Ku Klux Klan may be noted as the organization that used terrorism against ex-slaves and activists of African-Americans (Mecklin, 2013). These patterns affected modern brutal trends by promoting violence in African-Americans, who are unjustifiably perceived by many people as more aggressive than others. In my region, sexual offenses and theft are the main criminal trends. As for international comparisons, one may mention the Civil War in France, when similar patterns were observed. Economic depression is the first event that impacted the criminal justice system in a post-Civil War period. Expressed in unemployment, low wages, and the overall downturn in economics, it caused negative attitudes towards the system. The second event is associated with Eastern European immigration to the US forced by the Russian Revolution and World War I (Jones & Johnstone, 2012). The mass transportation establishment is another issue that allowed p
Atlantic City Community The Atlantic City community is an urban area located in Atlantic County, New Jersey. The region’s population decreased from 39,552 in 2010 to 37,743 in 2019. The racial/ethnic composition of the community comprises Black or African American (35.5%), Whites (31.3%), Hispanics (31%), Asians (16.9%), American Indians and Alaskan Natives (0.4%), and individuals of two or more races (4%) (“ QuickFacts ,” 2019). About 37.7% of the individuals in this area live in poverty, with an estimated median household income of $27,786 (“ QuickFacts ,” 2019). The community is family-oriented; the living arrangements or organization exist as family units with an average of 2.46 members in each home. The region’s largest economic industries include accommodation and food services, retail, healthcare, and social assistance industry, wholesaler sales, public administration, educational services, arts and entertainment, and merchant wholesaler sales (“ QuickFacts ,” 2019). The area’s unemployment is 7.8% compared to 4.1% of the state’s unemployment rate. Approximately 73.5% of the community aged 25 and above have attained a high school diploma or higher. Only 16.4% of the community have achieved a Bachelor’s degree or higher (“ QuickFacts ,” 2019). Despite the socioeconomic differences, the city is diverse and has a broad range of languages and religions. Community Resources The availability of community resources is critical in providing adequate community-based care to poor and vulnerable health populations. Atlantic County offers a wide range of resources to the residents of Atlantic City. The services provided by the county office include supplemental nutrition assistance, general assistance, temporary assistance for needy families, housing assistance, and family care and Medicaid help (“ Department of Family ,” 2020). The family care and Medicaid program provide free or low-cost healthcare services to low-income individuals and families. The program is funded by the federal government and covers bills from medical care, doctor appointments and prescriptions, dental care, substance use, mental health services, and vision services. The adscititious nutrition assistance project offers food aid to families and individuals by covering food and grocery costs in any approved stores in the community (“ Department of Family ,” 2020). The General Assistance program provides monthly cash assistance to individuals without child dependents. The homeless in the community can receive social services and rent and housing assistance support from the County office. Apart from the family care and Medicaid help program, the above programs are funded by the Atlantic Human Resource Inc agency. It is a non-profit organization aiming to eliminate poverty and help the needy, the elderly, and the vulnerable population in the Atlantic community to become self-reliant. The agency heavily relies on government grants and donations from the public; hence, the resources provided are limited (“ Department of Family ,” 2020). Through
Tan begins the essay by explaining her qualifications because it allows her to demonstrate to the audience her interest in the topic and how her personal experience is connected with the ideas she describes. This approach helps her make the readers more interested and involved in the analysis of the theme. The narrator considers that most of her readers will be Asian Americans or understand the context and be aware of the specifics of this community culture. It can be observed in explaining the peculiarities of the simple language the immigrants speak in their daily lives. Her introduction of the examples of these words signifies that she expects that people might comprehend this type of speech. Tan focuses on her mother, using the language as an example of immigrants’ experience. Although the topic of the narration is language, the writer emphasizes its role in her mother’s life and finishes the text underlining the value of her mother’s opinion. Quoting her mother, the writer intends to demonstrate the specifics of the mother’s speech. This part of the text can make the impression that the mother is not educated. However, Tan does not plan to make such an impression on the readers. In particular, her explanations of the mother’s qualifications and level of knowledge reveal that Tan desires to prove that the quality of language does not coincide with the intelligence level. The expression “mother tongue” usually means the native language, which a person uses from birth. However, in this essay, the writer uses this phrase referring to the tongue her mother speaks. Tan decides to quote the line from one of her stories to display how she desperately desired to prove her proficiency in English earlier. This story language is different because she feels free using the language understandable to people from various backgrounds.
Introduction Business organisations should support the idea of equality in the workplace. Diversity is critical because it promotes the level of business performance. Business firms should provide a powerful working environment to its employees. Such an environment will ‘empower, mentor, support, and address the needs of different employees’ (Kirton & Greene 2012, p. 36). A proper mentoring program ‘will increase the opportunities for professional and personal development’ (Kirton & Greene 2012, p. 36). A diverse working environment increases an organization’s performance ( Employees’ Health and Safety Responsibilities 2014). The employees will also present adequate competencies in order to improve the level of performance. This approach will ensure every workplace becomes innovative, creative, and successful. Managers should therefore work hard in order to improve the level of diversity. Responsibilities of the Employer Use of Proper Managerial Functions to Promote Diversity and Equality Many employers work hard in order to support their employees. According to Kirton and Greene (2012, p. 42), ‘every employer should embrace the best