ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Criminality is influenced by diverse social factors and reflects the social situation in a particular country. Also, critics and researchers underline that rates of criminality depend upon economic influences as drivers of antisocial behavior patterns. The relationship between economic and social characteristics and the life consequence of criminal behavior is observed for other events: life expectancy, mobility, automobile accidents, and suicide. Economic influences on criminality are evident in differences between rich and poor. In many cases, the sex of a person makes it possible to experience various life consequences. The belief that females, who are supposedly physically weaker, are mistreated more often is also inaccurate. Aside from rape, the only individual crime for which women are victimized more than men is robbery with contact. Men are twice as likely to be the victim of an assault or a robbery and 50 percent more likely to experience some crime of theft. Men are also the victims of strangers more than females. Therefore, the idea that physically weaker people constantly fall prey to the criminal has no foundation. Neither females nor older people are particularly prone to criminal victimization. On the contrary, they are considerably less likely to be victims than their counterparts. But, the lifestyles of these community groups may explain this fact better than their actual vulnerability to criminals (Wright et al 2008; Beaver, 2008). The decrease in official statistics is accomplished by simply changing the techniques for recording complaints (Jacoby, 2004). When the same departments are faced with budget cuts and fierce competition for scarce resources with the fire department, sanitation workers, and other local agencies, indications that crime is increasing and law enforcement are imperative becomes socially advantageous (Wright et al 2008). We live in a world where everything is connected with money. Nothing can be done without it. Everybody wants to be rich, to earn a lot, to live in luxury, not even thinking about poverty as well. Some millionaires try to help poor people by charging some new charity projects, but countries can not help everybody who struggles with poverty. General Assembly fights with poverty, and every year on the 20 th of December people all over the world celebrate the day of solidarity in a struggle against poverty. In Africa lots of people starve, they haven’t got homes, they even do not know what are the living conditions, such as clean water, hot water, bathroom etc. These African countries do not have medical care in the necessary volume and many people still try to cure the patients using special herbs, poisons of wild animals etc (Jacoby, 2004). Poverty is a type of injustice; it is the main world’s problem of today, but it is also a main cause of crime. Of course, nobody knows, when the overworld will live without material problems, when eve
Introduction The patient’s family member should answer the following additional questions: Has the patient experienced incidences of anxiety for the past years? Has the concentration of the patient decreased in the past years? Has the patient’s appetite increased or decreased (Sadock & Sadock, 2011)? Have you noticed signs of reduction of physical movement and slowing down of thoughts of the patient? Has the patient made any suicide attempts? The patient should answer the following additional questions: What has made you come to the hospital today? What are you most interested in doing? Has the urge of doing what interests you reduced? Do you feel any form of guilt? Do you still feel energetic in your daily chores (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)? Diagnostic tests I would recommend the conduction of an electrocardiogram (ECG) test about the previous history of hypertension and mild heart attack. The test will detect incidences of cardiac system abnormalities through measurements of electrical activities of the heart. The female client is under medication for hypertension and diabetes. It is essential to conduct additional testing such as ECG to determine the safety of the medication and other non-invasive procedures to the client. The test will detect heart abnormalities by recording the patient’s heart electrical activity of systolic and diastolic rate on an electrocardiograph. The medical practitioner interprets the electrocardiograph results through comparison from healthy or normal ECGs and notes the deviations. A healthy heart has a characteristic rhythmic shape, and any irregularity from the norm gives a characteristic of the damaged heart muscle (Sadock & Sadock, 2011). A CT (Computerized Tomography) scan is an essential laboratory test for a psychiatric assessment of psychiatric patients. The female client requires a CT scan to establish the initial steps for her treatment. A CT scan is a brain scan that detects some abnormalities that influence patient diagnosis, and treatment. The recommendation of a CT scan is due to the patient’s increased rate of forgetfulness, slow speech, and her increased rate of agitation and irritation (Sadock & Sadock, 2011). According to her mini-mental status exam, the patient has mild cognitive impairment and the brain scan can determine where some of her disorders such as mood and personality disorders can be reversible. The CT scan can detect the presence of brain lesions and whether these lesions have a major effect on the patient behavioral and personality disorders. The total psychiatric possibilities that can be easily detected through a CT scan on the patient are dementia, mood disorder, schizophrenia, behavior disorder, personality disorder, and anxiety disorder (Appelbaum & Gutheil, 2007). Renal function tests are also
No doubt, war is an awful tragedy in the life of society; however, such atrocities occur and leave a painful wound on the body of society and in the soul of every individual involved in it. The analysis of the role of Canadian women in the most devastating war of the century presents special interest for us due to nontrivial results concerning the place of women in history that can be drawn from the analysis of sources. In the articles by Epp and Sugerman, the authors suggest their interpretation of the role of Canadian women in WW II. The articles’ novelty consists in the emphasis that is made on the “invisible” layer of the population, “non-English-speaking refugees” and Japanese Canadians. Both articles make the audience reconsider their point of view concerning female emigrants in Canada during the war. The life stories of heroines may be seen in two dimensions: as individual tragedies and the parts of large-scale tragedies of mankind. Epp’s article suggests an account of the life tragedies of five refugees who represent the fate of all Mennonite women during the war. The authors describe the atrocities that the women had to suffer during the war period in the territory of Ukraine. Epp stresses frequent cases of sexual abuse of women exercised by Soviet soldiers. The results of these cases of violence were deaths and unsuccessful abortions. The possibility of emigration was the way out for people, Canada “was the preferred destination” but the immigration criteria were very strict. In Canada, Mennonites faced poor living conditions, hard work, and bad nutrition. Many of them were helped by distant relatives, but this factor sometimes added difficulties, like sexual misconduct on the part of the employer; humiliation, and exploitation. Thus, the refugees had to earn their living, recover from past humiliation, and adjust themselves to Canadian society. The most frequently faced problem was the language that prevented women from appropriate jobs, forcing them to take up hard jobs. Women often tried to find refuge in marriage, but the outcomes were frequently unsuccessful, including abuse and violence in the family, reunited families faced the problem of incompatibility. Epp illustrates the life of the refugees in Canada as hard and complicated by numerous challenges, but rather stable in comparison with the period of war. The life of these five women is described as a heroic experience, especially if we take into account that all hardships were experienced by the representatives of “the fair sex” who have proved to be strong and heroic personalities. The article by Sugiman is also built based on the individual experience of women, but it analyses the personal experience of the author, the letters of Japanese Canadian women, and interviews. In short, the article focuses on “the loss of property, the indignities of Hastings Park, expulsion to ghost towns, and violation of human rights and principles of democracy”.
Introduction Collective bargaining is viewed by many theorists and labour studies experts to being the most significant aspect of industrial relations emerging from nearly all legislative schemes of labour relations. According to The court.ca (2007), the Canadian Supreme Court offered constitutional protection to collective bargaining. However, in the recent past, there have been attempts at reducing the protection scope offered to collective bargaining. In the United States, where the constitution does not offer any protection to collective bargaining, the concept of right-to-work has ended up reducing the rights of union and workers. Such attempts have also been experienced in the unfolding of events in Wisconsin. Nevertheless, Wisconsin is just one of the states that have been trying to pass legislation that illegalizes collective bargaining from workers union. In Canada, the recent bill of the Conservative Government (C-6) vis-a-vis the dispute at Canada Post has been seen by many as a similar dismissal of the importance of collective bargaining in Canada. As a result, this paper critically analyses the Conservative Government’s return-to-work bill. In doing this, the paper looks at unions’, employers’ and government’s perspectives and analyses each of them seriously. CUPW strike against Canada According to CUPW (Canada Union of Postal Workers) represents Post workers in Canada; advocate for better working conditions, safety issues and the push for new employees to receive better salaries as well as pensions. These are the major issues that led to their strike. Apart from making high profits, Canada Post has been increasing the number of casual workers while reducing the number of permanent employees. In addition, retirees pay for extended health care plan had been increased by Canada Post; the sick leave plan that had been proposed by the corporation to replace the plan that was in place was deemed complicated and far much inferior. Moreover, letter carriers were also being forced to accept delivery procedures that in one way or the other compromised their health and safety. The corporation had also introduced two-tiered payment systems under which the new employees will be receiving 30 per cent less, reduced benefits, lesser pensions along with weak job security (Psac-afpc.com, 2011). This strike affected people and organizations adversely because consumers and businesses stopped receiving mails, and most of the facilities were closed down. The stoppage also led to the accumulation of mails from other countries and unprocessed mails in the Post systems, hence affecting communication and delivery of mails in the country
The complex relationship between governance and Economic development in the Economic globalization has been a major area of study for researchers. This paper authoritatively inquires into the implication of political activities in the understanding of current Global Economic patterns. This paper attempts to answer this question: How does political Economy influence the globalization of Economy? Globalization can be described as” ….a widening, deepening and speeding up of world wide interconnectedness in all aspects pf contemporary and social life, from the cultural to the criminal, the fancies to the spiritual” (Held and McGrew 1999:2). The world economic system is patterned by the increasing dissatisfaction of people directed at the governments of the day. Economic governance dictates the distribution of resources, buying and selling and production in relations with law, custom and government. Alfred Marshall in his book principles of economics (1920) articulates the ideas of supply and demand of marginal utility and of the costs of production into a coherent whole. Policies on the distribution of the scarce resources are usually formulated and implemented by the political faces in the country. In the politics of the present- day nations and states, governments use the economy as their key campaign strategy. This trend is active in the most developed countries such as the United States of America and even in the developing countries in Africa and Asia. This is a global trend and no society is immune. The dynamism of the current international economy and politics have been shaped by two principle economic and social orientations i.e. capitalism and socialism. Capitalism is geared towards maintaining the status quo where the ruling class. The former is usually discriminative and under represented in key decision-making institutions such as congress, parliament and councils. The industry owners and business owners usually characterize the later; these are the employees. Capitalism is ripe in the west where population is absorbed in industry, commerce, communication and production processes. Whereas capitalism embraces the competition of resources for maximum production, socialism advocates for fairness, equality and equity participation in the development process. The society can never be divorced from its economy. All societies of the world design policies to ensure its citizens are involved in development. Political economy grounds its roots in the way the countries and states of the world delegate and devolve power to the units that form the governm
Plato’s interpretation based on Allegory of the cave Plato’s interpretation of the play is based on his allegory of the cave; in which he imagines a group of people who had lived in dark all their lives. People in the Oedipus play lived in the dark of the unknown meaning of the riddle; until Oedipus answered the riddle. People ascribed forms to the shadows formed when the light was projected on the blank wall. Philosophers come to understand that shadows on the wall do not constitute the actuality, hence they were like prisoners unchained from the cave. Plato asserts that only the facts of the forms constitute reality. The relation of Oedipus and Plato’s philosophical beliefs Oedipus was confused about his parents hence; the form he was taking wasn’t the real one. Philosophers and prophets have their places in society as explained by both Plato and the play; to which people take to be authentic, may be illusions. Oedipus took Polybus and Merope to be his parents, but his biological parents were kinged Laius and Jacasta. When king Lauis learned that he will be killed by his son, he decided to g
Quantitative Research Approach and Design Quantitative Research Approach   * Systematic analysis;   * Numerical data;   * Statistical data;   * Measurement;   * Test theories. Experimental Design   * Quasi-Experimental Research;   * Cause and effect relationship;   * 2 or more Variables;   * Subjects not assigned;   * Naturally formed;   * Pre-existing groups. Variables   * Independent Variable;   * Identified;   * Not manipulated;   * Control Group;   * Identified;   * Exposed to independent variable. Methodology of the Quantitative Research Approach The quantitative research methods are classified into four categories:   * Descriptive;   * Correlational;   * Quasi-experimental;   * Experimental. Our focus is on the Quasi-experimental method. Quasi-experimental determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions in predicting and controlling the outcomes desired for patients and families. Steps to Qualitative Research:   * Research Problem;   * Review of relevant literature;   * Study Framework;   * Research Objectives, Questions or Hypotheses;   * Study Variables;   * Study Design;   * Population and Sample;   * Measurement Methods;   * Data Collection;   * Data Analysis;   * Discussion of Research Outcomes. Research is a process, and it is similar in some ways to other processes. The background acquired early in nursing education in problem solving and the nursing process also is useful in research. A process includes a purpose, series of actions, and goal. The purpose provides direction for the implementation of a series of actions to achieve an identified goal. The specific steps of the process can be revised and re-implemented to reach the endpoint or goal. Appropriate Use of the Quantitative Approach and Design for Research Investigations The Use of a Quasi-Experimental Research Design Is Appropriate for:   * The Implementation of Interventions;   * The Evaluation of Interventions;   * Analysis of People’s Attitudes and Opinions. Quasi-experimental designs are often used to implement interventions and programs as well as evaluate their effectiveness (Grove, Burns, & Gray, 2014). This study design is also appropriate for the exploration of people’s attitudes towards or feedback concerning treatments or programs. This type of research design enables researchers to compare interventions’ outcomes in a control and experimental group, which can equip researchers with quite strong evidence concerning the effectiveness or certain flaws of interventions. The Use of a Quasi-Experimental Research Design Is Appropriate When It Is Difficult to:   * Select the Participants Randomly;   * Manipulate Certain Variables Associated with the Treatment;   * Manipulate Certain Variables Related to the Setting. One of the most common features of qua
Enlightenment ideals such as liberty, equality, and fraternity had a considerable impact on the participants of the French Revolution leading to the introduction of measures such as the Law of Suspects. During different phases of the reign of terror, various measures such as the decree of Levee en Masse and decree of worshipping the Supreme Being were introduced. The political ideas of Enlightenment such as liberty, equality, and freedom influenced individuals who participated in the French Revolution and subsequent events that took place in France in the 18th century. The Constitution of 1793 comprised a declaration of the rights of man and citizen. The document clearly shows the influence of ideas of Rousseau who believed in the natural rights of human beings. The document believed in inequality between individuals as they were granted freedom. The document also insisted that citizens needed to respect the law as it represented “general will”. This implied that the rights of citizens were guaranteed, but a few restrictions were imposed on them (Lewis 388). The leaders expressed various views concerning the method of exercising general will and compelling citizens to submit to the same. The Jacobin club, a revolutionary group that believed in the use of brute force took advantage of the situation. As there was considerable confusion in France, there was a need for an agency, which could achieve unity of the country with or without the use of force. Members of the Jacobin Club unleashed a reign of terror. The initial period of the reign of terror is the radical phase when there was the domination of the Jacobins over the legislative assembly. In the second phase, the members of this club subjected large numbers of anti-revolutionaries to the guillotine, a new machine, which was discovered to kill enemies of the revolution. During this period, there was the rise of the leader Maximilian Robespierre. In the third phase, there was opposition to the views of Robespierre. In the last phase, there was a decline of the authority of Robespierre when he was subjected to the guillotine (Lewis 388-390). In the first phase of the reign of terror, revolutionaries had to deal with the problem of invasion by countries that sympathized with conservatism. To deal with this problem, a decree called Levee en Masse was introduced. The decree gave extraordinary powers to the administration controlled by the Jacobins. The decree implied that the Jacobin Club considered itself as representing the general will, and citizens were compelled to respect the orders of the administration. The decree allowed the government to compel citizens to become part of the army. The decree gave power to the government to recruit unmarried and widower soldiers in the age group of 18 to 25 years. Married men had to work in the factories that produced weapons. Women had to work in military hospitals providing services to soldiers injured in the war. The decree allowed compulsory recruitment of more than 700,000 soldiers. The measure allowed France to respond to the challenges of its enemy countrie
Marketing is an integral part of a company; after goods and/or services have been produced, a company needs to embark on massive selling campaigns using effective combinations of tools of marketing. In the 1970s, American express company had the highest market share in the credit card industry, it leadership in the industry had been attributed to its robust and effective advertising campaigns. It was using celebrities and well-known people in the society to sell psychologically its products. in 2007 the company position in the market dropped to position five despite its “My life, My card” campaign that had been effective for the last campaigns (Salkind, 2003). The major competitors that the company had to face were Trailing Discovery, MasterCard, visa and Capital One. This paper evaluated the turn of events as experienced by American Express; it will also recommend the way forward. The problems of the company The obvious problem that can be seen in the company is lack of a strong marketing and advertising tool that has resulted to the company loosing the market it had once dominated. Advertising is part of marketing whereby appropriate strategies are developed and implemented to create awareness and persuade customers to buy a certain company’s product/service; other than developing the advertising strategies to use, a company should understand that there is need for continuous improvement. The loss of competitiveness that the company is facing can b attributed to obsolete of its marketing/advertising campaign. The company used celebrities like Robert Deniro, Tiger Woods, Kate Winslet and Laird Hamiton; although these people are still prominent, they may have lost the influence they used to have some years back; the method was monotonous A product has three main stages; introduction, growth, maturity and decline, American Express is in the decline stages. From the 1990s, the company’s products were in the maturity and growth stages were it dominated the market. The emergence of other companies with similar products posed the greatest problem to the company. Another problem that the company is facing is the lack of aggressiveness, the company was comfortable with the success of “My life, My card” and the benefits it was bringing to the company and forgot to develop the campaigns further to tap emerging trend in the market. I