ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Outline and discuss the product map of one luxury car brand mentioned in the marketing highlight The main idea of the product map is to create a map where the competing products are mentioned in the relation to key characteristics (Vashisht 2005, p. 103). Having considered the prices and the quality of the cars, it can be concluded that Mitsubishi is a Japanese brand of high quality with a relatively middle range of prices. Which brand strategy has your selected company adopted to compete effectively on the market? The main strategy Mitsubishi has chosen is a product mix directed at differentiating the car’s names in different countries (Kotler, Adam, Denize & Armstrong 2009). A product mix is defined as a “set of all product lines and items that a particular seller offers for sale” (Kotler & Armstrong 2010, p. 258). Considering a case study, it can be identified, that Mitsubishi tries to be acceptable in the cultural and language-related to different countries, so, its 4 x 4 model is called Pajero in Australia. Trying to meet the demands of the United Kingdom, another name was chosen, Shogun. The United States knows this model as Montero. Being one line of a product, different countries are offered various names that create a kind of confusion. Trying to make the car names easier for pronunciation and more cultivated, with simple and familiar sounds for the citizens, the luxury car brands have also tried to adjust the cars to the countries they are going to be distributed. Mitsubishi is threatened to make confusion in the name of the problem for customers. Having been distracted from understanding whether the car they are looking for is exactly the one they try to consider (the country difference is meant), customers may refuse from buying the product and reduce the income the company gets. Do the product mix decisions of the top marques, such as those mentioned in the highlight, seem to differ? If so, how? The product mix decisions are used not only by the Mitsubishi brand but also by other top marques, like Jaguar, BMW, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, etc. The main reason to change the names is to try to adjust the cars to the environment in the cars are going to be sold. The presence of some specific attributes in the same car line may be explained than in one case, the car is going to be used in a hot environment while another one will be mostly driven in rainy and foggy weather. The economical situation in the country should be taken into account as well. The economical and political environment and the market demand are deeply researched before deciding to deliver the cars to the country. If the country is in a bad economical situation, the car manufactures may remove some functions from the car to make it less luxurious, but still comfortable and of high quality. Moreover, the above-mentioned factors, like cultural significance and language peculiarities remain highly important for product mix decisions luxury car manufactures have to make. The competition also plays a vital role as when a car brand has to combat another one in the specific local car market, the differences may be very ap
Making judgment is a crucial aspect of life, given the fact that this judgment determines how one interacts and engages with others within society. For instance, I have to evaluate my groupmates, work colleagues, and neighbors to establish those who share similar insights and perspectives on life. I primarily assess individuals based on their activities and intentions, considering these two factors are vital. It should also be noted that I am a substantially socialized person, which implies that I have a plethora of various relations and constantly launch new ones. In this vein, I have a particular self-developed concept called “presumption of fellowship”. According to the latter, each individual worth to be treated as a part of my close societal environment until he or she proves the opposite. Such an approach allows me not to lose valuable and significant people that further may become my close fellows. Judging other people through their intentions means I will be kinder and more tolerant towards others, taking time to understand their perspective and why they did something using a specific value scale. For example, I will not be harsh towards a person who is overbearing and willing to put in the effort to achieve the best in a given undertaking – I achieve this by juxtaposing my own value scale with the others’ ones. Then, the ability to differentiate people based on their actions and intentions provides me with the opportunity to understand them, ensuring I am not unfair to anyone (Göke n.p). To conclude, in the framework of judging people, I adhere to my own concept – “presumption of fellowship” – which, in essence, means that I try to be kind and reasonable to everyone by respecting and evaluating their value scales through the lens of their actions and intentions and juxtaposing them with the values of mine. Works Cited Göke, Niklas. “There Are Two Ways To Judge People — Both Are Useless.” Medium . 2018. Web.
Identification of Purpose This report seeks to assess the impact of regulation on BBA as a company following the competition commissions directive that provides that the firm should sell two of its airports. Through the analysis of economic literature, the paper explores the costs and benefits associated with regulation. In particular, the paper evaluates the likely disproportionate effects that regulation may have on BBA as a company. The burden of business regulation is a major concern for businesses. According to Grant Thorton/ ICAEW (2012, p.2), business professionals often rank regulatory intervention or requirements as the main factor posing serious challenges to organizational performance. In the latest survey in the United Kingdom, 41 percent of businesses in the United Kingdom highlighted regulation as a serious challenge to their operations compared to a year earlier. Regulatory issues were ranked first among all the challenges identified. This evidence highlights the need for further research in the area of regulation because it is an important economic issue that companies are worried about. Critical Discussion of Current Literature Regulation in general is very broad in meaning. Regulation can basically be defined as a specific set group of commands such as those enacted through the legislature. It may also refer to a deliberate attempt by the state to influence social and business behavior through incentive instruments (Baldwin, Cave & Lodge 2012, p. 3). Regardless of the definition adopted, regulation is viewed as limiting behavior or freedom. According to Baldwin, Cave and Lodge (2012, p. 3), through its restrictive mechanism, regulation intends to prevent negative outcomes to the society as the regulated activity is considered valuable by the society. In the modern context, regulation is better understood as a an umbrella where various stakeholders collaborate to achieve desirable outcomes such as best sharing practice, transparency, public participation and data provision (Solomon 2008, p. 819). Need for Regulation According to Dobos (2007 p. 330), regulatory interventions are situation dependent. They depend on the political and economic institutions in place that call for intervention measures. The effects of regulation most certainly interfere with business activities, and this interference has the potential to benefit some segments of the population and harm others including the whole industry, individual players, and the market. Because of this, it is important to assess why governments (Competition Commission) regulate and identify who they wish to profit from the regulation. As Baldwin, Cave and Lodge (2012, p.15) note, one of the major reasons for regulation are instances when the market fails. When the market fails, regulatory intervention is justified because under market failure, the market cannot produce optimal output that matches the interest of the public. From economic theory, markets aim at achieving Pareto efficiency; that is, markets should allocate resources in such a manner that it makes one player better off with
Background The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is one of the world’s most controversial topics that have lasted for over 60 years. According to Amirav (2009), over 90% of Jews were living in Europe by 1890. However, the growing anti-Semitism in Europe convinced most of them to consider moving back to their ancestral land in the Middle East. They moved to British-controlled Palestine. The movement was facilitated by the colonial masters but rejected by the local Arabs. The holocaust led to the mass movement of Jews from all over the world, especially in Europe, to present-day Israel. The United Nation’s decision to petition Palestine to create a state for Jews led to the creation of the Israeli nation in 1948 (Abu-Amr, 1995). The territorial conflict between the Palestinians and Israelis, especially the ambitious plan by Israel to expand its territory to include West Bank and Gaza, has led to massive loss of lives and displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. It is important to find a lasting solution to this problem as a way of restoring peace in the region. In this paper, the researcher seeks to find a compromise that will please both Palestinians and Israelis. The study will respond to the following research questions: What is the possible compromise that can please both Palestinians and Israelis and end the six-decade armed conflict? The recent announcement that was made by Donald Trump declaring Jerusalem as the Israeli’s headquarters has worsened the Palestinian-Israeli territorial conflict in the West Bank and Gaza (Shehadeh, 2017). The Palestinian authority trusted that the United Nations and the United States will support a resolution that is favorable to all the parties involved in the conflict. However, the declaration made by the current United States administration was a clear indication that Palestinians may not rely on the foreign powers to solve the conflict. Beauchamp (2017) says that the most worrying problem with the recent announcement is that Palestinians, supported by other Arab nations, may consider using military means to fight against the Israeli forces in the occupied territories of the West Bank and Gaza. Such a move may worsen the already bad situation. It would lead to the loss of more lives and the displacement of thousands of families. Before looking at the best way of addressing this problem, it is important to briefly discuss the source of the current problem and its nature. The Territorial Conflict According to Amirav (2009), Arabs have been opposed to the creation and recent expansion of the Israeli nation in the Middle East. As Jews moved to the region in mass during and soon after the Second World War, the local Arab population considered them instruments of colonial masters (mostly Britain) in the region. When the regional countries gained independence, Arab nations viewed the Israeli nation as neo-colonization of the Palestinians. That is why Egypt, Syria, and Jordan planned attack on the nation with the primary goal of liberating Palestinians who were under the control of the Israeli forces (Abu-Amr, 1995). However, the Six-Day
Executive Summary The principal aim of this study is to seek out and identify the main factors that underpin gender receptivity and reactions to persuasions of advertisements and messages. The research hypothesis- various aspects that determine criteria for appreciating or deprecating textual/ visual measures differ between men and women and has provided food for thought for many research studies. Besides the impact caused by differences in physiological, psychological, and perceptual build-up between men and women, a host of factors including feminism, use of verbal/ spatial skills, reactions to cues, and even sexual aspects could produce different responses among men and women. This study has also considered several robust empirical studies and various findings, interpretations, and results that have emerged from such studies. Introduction It is found from empirical studies that the attitudes between men and women in advertising persuasions are different in terms of approach and acceptance. Independent studies conducted reinforce the belief that the women are more affected by the initial, or first advertisement, in a sequence of advertisements that are shown to them and men by the last advertisement. In the survey conducted regarding grant of donations for cancer research, showing the need for manifestations of both self-help and help other attitudes, it is found that the sequencing of advertisement, being on help others first, appealed to women rather than the self-help, in which the support and interest of men were noticed. “Thought-listing data revealed that females continued to exhibit primacy effects regardless of message appeal, but the recency effects with males disappeared when the advertisement (help-self) matched their values.”Brunei, Fr. D Ric F & Nelson, Michelle, R: Journal of Advertising Research.Vol. 43 (2003) This gives an indication that women are more altruistic and helping others in need rather than men. However, in the second study, it is seen that men did not show so much self-help as women. This reinforces the belief that while men are more aggressive and demanding when it comes to responding to advertising appeals, women are more ca
The study of natural history is, perhaps, one of the most fascinating activities, as it helps understand how nature functions. Though locating the role and niche of every single element of flora and fauna is hardly possible, developing the consistent interest in the processes that occur in nature and the connection between them, as well as the effects that these processes have on people. Since the movie titled The Guide: A Biologist in Gorongosa sheds some light on the specifics of the Gorongosa nature and helps understand the connection between its key elements, it can be considered a rather solid example of how a study in natural history is conducted. Much to the credit of the movie director, the significance of human culture has not been left out of the picture, either. The film displays the significance of keeping the natural balance by using natural resources reasonably. The Guide , therefore, can be interpreted as a rather basic, yet very graphic representation of the key principles of sustainability ( The Guide: A Biologist in Gorongosa ). Moreover, the analysis of the ecological units of the park, which is carried out in the course of the movie, evaluates the impact of various natural processes, which occurred to the park over the history of its existence. The movie, therefore, provides ample opportunities for learning about natural history in depth. By providing acute and ample observations of a range of specimens of flora and fauna in Gorongosa, the movie can be viewed as a guide to the concept of biology. By exploring the key natural processes, tracking down the connection between the human factor and the changes in the environment, the species and their population, the movie provides a deep insight on the parks ecosystem, therefore, being a specimen of a study in natural history. Works Cited The Guide: A Biologist in Gorongosa . Ex. Prod. Jessica Yu. Coimbra: Center for Functional Ecology of the University of Coimbra. 2012. DVD.
Introduction The drug market is the most violent among the sectors in the illegal economy. Understanding this economy is complex because they happen in distinct social contexts, like how some elements of the crack-cocaine market accelerated violence in poor communities. It happened between the late 1980s and mid-1990s, when there was a rise in drug market violence, especially in New York City. Dr. Randol Contreras gives a gripping ethnographic account of the violence in this particular period in history through decade-long field research on the “stickup kids,” Dominican nationals who lived in South Bronx. The stickup kids were brutal robbers specializing in torturing drug dealers who stored large amounts of cash and drugs (Contreras, 2013). Contreras applied a complex multilevel analysis linking biographical, historical, social-structural, and situational factors surrounding drug gangs and the development of robberies. The book is in three parts explaining specific vital and pivotal details that demonstrate how the participants became “stickup kids” and executed their violent drug robbery. Historical context helps the reader grasp the social, political, and structural factors that lead to the 1980s New York crack cocaine epidemic. In the first part, Contreras (2013) situates the participants in the historical context of New York and the South Bronx, the epicenter of the rise of the crack-cocaine trade. The structural factors are varied and include political marginalization, rising unemployment, inadequate educational and economic resources, and the disenfranchisement of the residents of South Bronk due to neglect by the local government. Contreras managed to infuse the biographies of the participants into the particular historical moment and the rapid structural shifts to show how they became crack -cocaine dealers, just like the other disenfranchised youth across the nation from the urban ethnic and racial minorities. Next, the author showed how the declining fortunes of the crack-cocaine trade spelled economic doom to the participants who had become very successful as crack-cocaine dealers. At this point, the study participants felt an economic “strain” and morphed into violent “stickup kids,” creating an economic niche entailing robbing drug dealers of their drugs and cash. They began to commit brutality and violence that surpassed their days as drug dealers. In this section, the author lays out the structure of the drug robberies using theoretical concepts like Goffman’s Systemic Violence. The last part of the book focuses on the effects of the crack epidemic on Dominican participants. One of the book’s strengths is the participant-observer perspective that gives the reader a vivid descrip
Introduction A marketing system is an important determinant of growth and sustainability of any business venture. However, a significant number of business organizations make a mistake of ignoring important factors while devising plans of action. They, for instance, overlook the nature of their business, the availability of funds, as well as the target audience. When this happens, the blueprints could be invalid and unreliable. Marketing schemes have been sub-divided into two major categories (Padgett & Loos, 2019). They are horizontal marketing system (HMS) and vertical marketing systems (VMS), and although they both have the ultimate goal of increasing sales, the manners in which this aim is achieved vary. Vertical Marketing Systems A distribution channel is consisted of players such as manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. A VMS is an arrangement where primary partners in a distribution channel combine forces in the hope of meeting consumer needs as a group (Padgett & Loos, 2019). It can take such forms as contractual VMS, corporate VMS, and administered VMS. Corporate VMS include gas stations, breweries, and such a company as Apple Inc., whereby the single ownership constitutes successive stages of production (or manufacturing) and distribution. Contractual VMS is when independent firms which are at varied levels are contractually joined. Firms using this model include Domino’s Pizza, Inc., McDonald’s Corporation, and Pizza Hut (Choudhury, 2019). Examples of administered VMS are Sony and General Electric, which are powerful and large (Soundaian, 2019). Their influence places them in a position where they coordinate the other members’ activities without necessarily having ownership stakes. The benefits of a vertical system include having a direct control over every aspect of business, elimination of conflict and competition, as well as the provision of a clear chain of command. The span of control is also tightened, and this is because a firm may control every aspect of production and sale of a product. In that case, there is a much higher operating efficiency than it would be if there was no cooperation. One of the most significant challenges with VMS is the risk of having low level employees feeling undervalued, especially as compared to those in managerial positions. Additionally, VMS could complicate how executive decisions are communicated to the ordinary worke
The hospitality industry contributes greatly to the tourism sector because it acts as a source of tourist attraction for both local and foreign tourists. Social media denotes various technologically backed tools and amenities that facilitate easy communication and interaction through the internet. Social media has a unique ability to share resources and data across a wide geographical proximity through the use of several (Andrews 2007) modes of transmission. This can be through images, text formats videos, and other multimedia data formats. There are diverse means through which social media is taking shape. In today’s world, technology seems to be undergoing change within short periods. Thousands of applications and technical (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010) inventions are being introduced to various fields all over the globe. This research study mainly touches on the current trends in global hospitality industry with regards to ethics. Research shows that there are several dilemmas taking (Barrows & Powers, 2008) shape in various work settings. Conversely some of the most profound issues in business morality include corruption, extortion, facilitation recompenses, ecological complexities and human rights. Furthermore sexual and cultural bias, cost disparity and destructive items add on the budding list of business ethics. I, therefore, contend that for hospitality business to thrive ahead of the non-service industry, they need to study their customers to comprehend destinations they prefer, nature of information is vital to them to establish how they want to be in touch with their business operations and uphold moral standards. They will be required to employ the power of social media to develop a positive image to the global client. But simply putting up a Facebook (Andrews 2007) page is not adequate to the targeted population. However, changes in political position and Legislation have greatly impacted hospitality industry both negatively and positively. If there are changes in the political structures or there is political instability in the source country, then the tourism industry of the country will be adversely affected. In terms of legislation, if the source country introduces some travel advisories restricting its citizens from touring another country, the target country’s tourism industry will be negatively affected (Barrows & Powers, 2008). On the other hand, the removal of political constraints between countries will promote the tourism industry of both countries, a fact which will benefit the resorts and other tourist destination in the region. Nevertheless, society’s values and habits have also had some impact on the well being of the industry. The truth is, the hospitality sector will greatly benefit from efficient two-way informational cycle supported by such online masses to create and provide demand pushed preference for brands across various consumer classes. These online facilities will enable industries with such statistics like the hotel sector to incre