ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction There is an overtly politicization of Google and its functions. Google and its search engine have absolutely changed people’s way of thinking. Google’s search engine has enabled efficiency and immediacy of everything. Whether it is a difficult word, a research topic, a difficult subject, a social or emotional issue, Google’s search engine has answers to everything (Stross 2008). According to psychologists, Google has ruined and weakened people’s capacity to think deeply (Beer 2009). Psychologists argue that the way people read, and whatever they read affects the brain’s intelligence level. In essence, the earlier technologies of printed books made work complex and extremely involving, but the technology played a significant role in enhancing the brain’s intelligence capacity. This paper analyses whether Google’s activities and actions are evil or not. Describing evil According to the oxford dictionary, evil is a morally wrong action (Borden & Bowers 2009). Evil people are wicked, and they live an evil life without the sense of compassion. If we try to describe Google using the above definition of evil, then it is evident that Google’s activities are not evil. Google sympathized with the researchers who would spend hours in the library trying to fish information from written books and journals. A researcher could take ages trying to find the solution to a problem in earlier days, but nowadays, any information needed is readily available through the Google search engine. Google and the entertainment and social network industries Google went ahead and enhanced the entertainment and social network industry (Flew & Liu 2011). The artists who could never reach some of their customers sell their music, movies and lyrics to Google, and Google acts as the agent to sells the artists’ works to customers in need. The online sell of music and movies saves people from the agony of crowding in movie theaters to watch the movies. A customer only needs to subscribe with Google to access digital television services, latest music and latest movies from anywhere in the globe. Google has enhanced networking, where, Google+ is a one of the best social networking site offered by Google and Gmail is one of the most efficient productivity software offered by Google. Google and the business industry Google has played a great role in the business and marketing industry. Businesses are able to advertise their products and services through Google. Google even goes ahead and does an online business of selling and delivering products and services globally. Google has played a key role in upgrading the business industry by linking producers with the international market (Eriksen 2007). The Google Corporation operates data servers for several companies and connects businesses through cloud computing. Google and the technology industry Google plays a great role in the technology industry. Google deals with operating systems, hardware and software products. Google produces automobiles
Social change is basically a structural alteration in a nation’s politics, the community, its economic system as well as institutions in creating better, equitable and just societies. Supporters of social change aim at the fundamental causes of significant social setbacks; these are homelessness, inequity and poverty. This paper therefore aims at showing how life in the United States will change after ten years, explain how the internet might be involved in these changes and finally name three ways in which sociologists can use the internet to study life in the U.S. There are a number of ways in which the social life in the United States can change in the next 10 years. Among many other ways which include discrimination, gender rights, technology, and rights for the disabled, sexual issues in the next ten years will be dominant. The rights of gay and lesbians will be widely accepted in the next ten years. This will be to an extent where it will be viewed as something common. On gender issues, there are expectations of having a female president at the same time as having women in key posts in the government. There are even expectations of women making up more representations in the house and possibly the Senate. Technologically, there will be great advancements which will enhance security, make work easier, and improve communication (make communication cheaper and readily accessible). Because of this again, transportation will be made easier, individuals will have the opportunities to learn and even work from the comforts of their homes. On areas of energy, there will be even better technology that will boost the use of alternative energy. “These will include the use of solar energy and the wind and subsequent decrease in the use of oil and electricity” (Harper, 2003). Technology is a major constituent of social change. Without technology there will be very minimal realization of this. The internet is one technological division that is essential in social change. Security wise in the near future, controls and checking will most likely be stricter. The internet, Information and Technology will be employed to work against any risks. “New hardware such as image scanners, body scanners, fingerprint ID images and other identity records such as permanent cards will probably be brought in and implemented as new research and invention come to the fore” (Wright, 2007). With the internet, there will be easy access of information concerning any perceived security threats. The internet is a major constituent of any social changes because it has a major impact in communication. This is through cheap exchange of information and the ability to work and study from anywhere. The internet again is responsible for creating a world where people from anywhere can hook up for almost any reason in any given timeframe. This allows incre
The United Nations is one of the largest intergovernmental organizations in the world. It is not affiliated to any state but is supported by its member to ensure democracy, peace and global prosperity. This essay highlights the origins, objectives and fundamental principles of the organization. Origins In the early 1900s, the world experienced various kinds of interstate wars. Several regional organizations were formed to ensure that loss of life and property was minimized. However, the global leaders soon came to realize that despite the regional efforts, countries still went to war. After the First World War, the nations involved created the League of Nations, whose primary task was to oversee and resolve territorial disputes. Despite its efforts, the world’s superpowers did not fully embrace the League. Countries such as USA and USSR refused to join the League and would not respect its rules. In 1931, the League failed to prevent the invasion of Manchuria by Japan. Other countries noted the limitations of the League, and soon more attacks followed. Additionally, Adolf Hitler from Germany started to expand his territories, and this led to the Second World War. It is important to note that after the First World War, Germany was banned from taking over new colonies and some of their old territories were reinstated. Thus, expansion was a direct violation of the peace treaty formulated after World War I. After World War II, the then president of the US, Franklin Roosevelt, drafted the Declaration of the United Nations, alongside the British Prime Minister and the leader of the Soviet Union, as an attempt to bring together the countries that were involved in the Second World War. The Declaration gave responsibilities of global affairs to the US, USSR, China and the United Kingdom. It is vital to point out that countries that were referred to as the Axis forces during World War II were not included in the Declaration. The initial UN Conference on International Organization was launched in 1945 and included over 50 state governments. With counsel from other major non-governmental organizations, the UN Charter was drafted. Since the UN did not have any funding, the initial committee suggested that member countries were free to contribute any amount to the interstate organization. In turn, presidents that would donate money would have a chance to chair the organization. The first official meeting of the UN was held in 1946 after the structure of the organization was created and funding was received from several countries. At the time, the organization had 51 members representing the same number of countries. The organization came under scrutiny during the Cold War era. The US and the USSR deferred in regards to
Introduction Human beings are constantly developing and changing; psychological and biological heritage are an integral part of stages and changes people pas through. Life span development is a process of changes lasting from the moment of birth till the death. It is necessary to state that understanding change is considered to be the principle aspect in human development; thus, lifespan perspective can be identified as the changes understanding occurring in the development period being perceived as the product of specific culture and psychology. Main body Lifespan development is a genetic program contributing to the growth and mental alterations of every human being. The process of human development covers the following stages:   * Childhood and adolescence – 0-20;   * Adulthood – 17-45;   * Middle adulthood – 40-65;   * Late adulthood – after 65. It should be noted that the periods of lifespan development are characterized by special attempts and tasks aimed at modifying and building human life structure. One of the principle characteristics is considered to be the process of individuation identifying relationships between external world and individual in the development system. It covers the modifying and terminating process of a person with animate and inanimate objects; it is also characterized by mentor, occupational, family and love relationships leading to the development of “attachment concept”. Attachment in its broad sense can be identified as the concept encompassing the forces which link person and the environment he lives in. According to Levinson, the great rate of individuation development influences the separation from the world making the person more self generating and independent. (Smith, 1999) There is a number of characteristics identifying lifespan perspective concerning human development; first of all it is multidirectional and plastic. According to Santrock, 1999, the aspects of the development can decrease while others increase. Paul Bates, the specialist in lifespan perspective of development, states that plasticity or positive change in accordance with environmental demands can be observed during the whole lifespan period. Lifespan perspective is considered to be historically embedded being under the impact of the past. It is studied in various scientific areas such as anthropology and psychology; so, it is possible to call it multidisciplinary. Besides, lifespan perspective has contextual meaning; human beings usually act and respond to the contexts covering their biological makeup, social and historical contexts and physical environment. The periods in the development process are the following:   * Biological (the development of physical state and brain activities );   * Cognitive (it covers mental development and social, cultural and metacognition changes in lifespan process);   * Psychological (this stage covers inner psychological process influencing human socialization, environment perception and relationships with family). The lifespan perspective includes the following key domains in the development process: biological, cognitive and psychological: Biological do
Introduction Drugs and medications are used in the treatment of diseases and conditions in human beings, and so in the development of new drugs and medications there comes a phase, wherein these have to be tested in human subjects. The principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) come into focus at the time of conducting medical trials using human subjects. The purpose of the principles of GCP is to ensure that these trials remain with the required ethical standards and the results come from the scientific inquiry that upholds the standards of quality, irrespective of which part of the world these trials take place. Yet the principles of GCP are not the same worldwide. There are advantages and disadvantages in different countries implementing the principles of GCP in different ways. Pros of Different Countries Implementing GCP Principles in Different Ways The principles of GCP have evolved through the combination of the economic development and wealth available in the developed world on one side and through the prevalent culture in the developed world on the other side. Both these factors are non-existent in the developing world, which makes it difficult to conduct rigidly designed clinical studies in the developed world. Hospitals in the developing world may lack even the necessities and be overcome by the flood of patients they face. Hayasake 2005, p.1401, points out that in Morocco cancer patients have to wait for days for a bed to fall free so that they can be admitted, and in India between 60-70% of patients fail to get hospital support, because of the deficiency in medical resources. In addition, the availability of trained staff for the conduct of the trial in a developing country will be limited. This suggests that outside assistance will be required, but experience has shown that trials conducted with assistance from outside seldom provide good results (Hayasake 2005). By implementing the GCP principles in different ways it becomes possible to include the countries in the developed world in clinical trials. This is pertinent because many diseases are endemic to the developed world and in the case of other diseases the prevalence rate can be higher. Furthermore studying treatments of diseases in different environments gives better insight into the disease processes, and such studies in the developing world come at much lower costs than in the developed world (Hayasake 2005). Failure to develop new drugs for the developing world test them for actual translation into use in the treatment of diseases would mean denying a very large segment of the population of the world, the benefits from the advances in science and technology. Implementing GCP principles in different ways re
“…ethics and social responsibility can be seen as the moral obligation of the advertisers not to violate our basic economic assumptions, even when there is no legal obligation” (Arens, Weigold and Arens, 2011, p. 76) There exists a tendency in the contemporary world to blame advertising for many social evils ranging from low public manners to eating disorders. Yet, advertising is a paradox, which can petty and potent, trite and threatening, witty and mortifying depending on how it is perceived by the target audience. To be fair to advertisers, some of the blame borders on exaggeration, while some is justifiable by the mere content of the ads. The focus of this essay is the case filed against McDonald’s Aust. Ltd by a disgruntled adult who argued that their ‘ happy meal: mighty me, mighty us ’ advertisement featuring children was misguiding to both children and adults. Specifically, the complainant stated that the advertisement encouraged children and their parents to buy the advertised product on the pretext that the meal would help consumers become ‘a neighbourhood hero’. The complainant further stated that that kind of an ad was bribing ‘children and potentially adults’, into buying the product. Although the review board ruled that McDonald’s Aust. Ltd did not break any laws guiding the advertising industry in Australia, it is clear that the petitioner’s concern were genuine. After all, matters of ethics and moral responsibility are different from legal matters in the advertising industry. As Arens et al. (2011) rightfully argue, advertising has its good and bad effects on the society. However, the advertisers can moderate or completely wipe out the bad effects by upholding identified ethical and moral principles. Specifically, advertisers need to be truthful towards their audience, in addition, to upholding the dignity of the human person when designing the advertisements. Finally, the advertisers need to do their work with the knowledge that they have some responsibilities towards the societies they live in. But what exactly is advertising ethics all about? According to Arens et al. (2011, p. 10), “ethical advertisers… tell their story truthfully and creatively.” This suggests that in order for advertising to be ethical, the advertiser needs to truthfully inform or persuade their target consumers to take action. Consequently, the advertiser must avoid any deception when encoding, or communicating the advertisement. Ethical considerations that arise in the McDonald’s Aust. Ltd case study pertains to whether the advertiser had the right to advertise to the children and their parents in the manner that he did. Moreover, the petitioner was concerned that the some kind of deception was used to make children (and their parents) belief that consuming the product would make them some sort of a hero. Fortunately, for the advertiser, the ruling determined that no offense had been committed as far as Australia advertising laws were concerned (Advertising Standards Bureau, 2011). The ruling does not however mean that all a
Introduction The state legislature has an important impact on healthcare and general public health since it can help to address issues leading to health problems. Hence, it is crucial for nurses to understand the legislative process in their state in order to influence policymaking and support legislative decisions that will have a beneficial effect on public health. The present paper will discuss the legislative process in New Jersey and provide information on the recent A1264 bill. Main Part The legislative branch of New Jersey consists of the Senate, which has 40 members, and the General Assembly, which is the lower House with 80 members. Bills can be introduced by both senators and members of the General Assembly. Once a bill is introduced in one of the two chambers, it is then sent to the appropriate committee, where it is reviewed and amended as needed. After the committee approves the bill, it is re-introduced in the Senate or the General Assembly for the second time. Then, the voting takes place in the House where the bill was first introduced. If the bill receives the majority of votes, it follows the same process in the other House before being sent to the Governor. A bill becomes the law upon the Governor’s signing, although a vetoed bill can still pass if it reaches the 2/3 majority votes in both Houses. On the whole, the legislative process described above is effective because it prevents the enactment of bills that could harm the state’s citizens. The reviewal process in both Houses is also beneficial since it ensures that the bill is not biased or unfair and can be applied successfully. The main difference between the state and assembly versions of the bill is that the state version is usually broader in its scope and more detailed since it has been reviewed and amended multiple times. Through the reviewing process, the bill usually becomes more practical and effective in achieving its purpose. The bill selected for the review is the New Jersey Assembly Bill 1264, which was introduced on the 1st of September 2018. The bill has been referred to Assembly Women and Children Committee and is currently pending approval (“Bill text: NJ A1264,” 2019). The title of the bill is “Establishes a public awareness campaign concerning the dangers of leaving children unattended in and around motor vehicles” (“Bill text: NJ A1264,” 2019). Hence, the bill aims to address the problem of child health and safety. The bill was chosen because of its potentially beneficial effect on child health. Being left unattended in and around motor vehicles poses a significant risk to children since they can suffer an
Is using technology an unfair advantage? Sportspeople are gradually embracing technology as a way to improve their performance. Austin (2007) stated that competitive advantage matters in sport. Hence, each sportsperson or team has the liberty to enhance their performance at all costs. For decades, athletes have not been able to adopt technology due to strict regulations. Austin (2007) posited that using technology in sports does not make an athlete to gain an unfair advantage. If an individual or team is in a position to use technology, they should be allowed (Konig, 2003). Nevertheless, there must be rules to ensure that athletes do not use technology to gain unfair advantage. If technology does not make an athlete to drift from the skills involved in a particular sport, then it should be acceptable (Austin, 2007). In some instances, athletes use technology to train, but not in competition. The technology helps them to identify their weakness and work on them. Such application is reasonable and does not amount to unfair advantage. In other words, athletes should be allowed to use technology as long as it does not eclipse their primary skills. Is technology turning sports into entertainment? Technology is turning sports into entertainment. People are using technology to enhance the appearance of sports grounds. In the United States, event organisers use massive light-emitting diode screens to augment the ambience of sports arena. Technology has led to inception of in-arena entertainment (Tamburrini & Tannsjo, 2005). In the past, teams used ribbon boards and video to project their playing grounds. However, technology has enabled teams to go a notch higher and improve the display of their playing grounds. For example, teams are turning to “companies like Quince Imaging to convert their entire playing grounds into a three-dimensional (3-D), jaw-dropping highlight displays” (Tamburrini & Tannsjo, 2005, p. 45). Tamburrini and Tannsjo (2005) claim, “Brooklyn Nets, Kentucky Wildcats, and Miami Heat use the 3-dimension technology to entertain their supporters” (p. 46). The teams use technology to change the appearance of the basketball courts. Is the technology turning sportspeople into slaves? Baker (2000) asserts that human inquisitiveness, inventiveness, and cleverness have combined over a long period to develop increasingly superior technologies. The technologies have helped humans to conquer numerous hurdles that they could not have managed. However, the primary challenge is that technologies are gradually eroding human’s capacity to do things naturally. If no action is taken, it will be hard for people to discharge even minor duties without technology (Konig, 2003). Today, technology is turnin