ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary The article, ‘Betwixt Safety and Shielding in The Academy: Confronting Institutional Gendered Racism’ by Cobb-Roberts presents an experience of cultural diversity of one African-American lecturer who teaches in a white student-dominated institution. According to Cobb-Roberts (2012), the story is about a white student who complains of disapproval with the way the lecturer and his fellow students comment on racism. This student fails to meet the American-African lecturer. The student only meets her in the company of another lecturer. A policy of addressing the whole class in debates is devised. He later complains of harassment by his lecturer and fellow students. The situation pushes him to seek security. Cobb-Roberts (2012) asserts that the lecturer and her department refuse to approve a security guard in the classroom. However, the office of the senior academic administrator provides another African-American lecturer as an observer during his presentation. However, the white student does not trust the new African-American lecturer. He is only contented when a white lecturer is assigned. The whole story brings out the theme of cultural mistrust and racism in educational institutions. Significance and implication of the reading to education and power and agency in classrooms This reading is significant in education, power, and agency in classrooms since it explores how groupings of learners who have similar ideologies can intimidate students who uphold a contrary view. Based on power that comes with unity, teachers should discourage learners from personalized debates, especially on issues of racism and culture. If such debates are allowed, students with divergent views will feel intimidated by popular ideas. Such students fear expressing their conflicting views on such matters. Strengths and weaknesses The strength of power and agency in classroom in this story is portrayed by the way this white student is able to prompt the lecturer to change the policy of students’ response in class and the provision of an observer of his race by the senior administrator’s office to ensure his security. However, the reading presents a weakness since the given scenario does not offer tangible evidence of discrimination that can warrant the fear and security demand by this learner. Contribution to my understanding of multicultural education This story enriches my perspective on diversity. I have realized that race and gender can be a basis of discrimination. I have also realized that perceived or real racism can result in fear, role-conflict, and mistrust in schools. Summary Herrera, Holmes, and Kavimandan’s (2012) reading, ‘Bringing Theory To Life: Strategies That Make Culturally Responsive Pedagogy a Reality in Diverse Secondary Classrooms’ paints a clear picture of cultural diversity in American schools. It also presents what it deems an appropriate teaching pedagogy. Herrera et al. (2012) confirm the wide variation in languages and culture among students and teachers in most
People with disabilities face significant challenges while looking for a place for recruitment. Not many companies are willing to take an individual with impairment due to increased responsibility for their safety. Career counseling in such occurrences may become helpful to facilitate faster work acquaintance. Multiple journals offer a variety of articles that help disabled people cope with job hunting and recruitment issues. To sufficiently research, the issue of career counseling for individuals with disabilities in the academic press, a list of journals that offer such information was developed. All journals were located through a search in the Public Libraries a specific search. Additionally, journals were found through a Google search and by examining specific articles on the theme of employment with disabilities. Upon the exploration, the following journals were identified:  1. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation – a peer-reviewed journal from IOS press, featuring articles on supported employment.  2. The Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counseling – is a peer-reviewed journal that includes supported employment and rehabilitation counseling articles.  3. International Handbook of Career Guidance – is a professionally developed book aimed to help various groups of individuals, including people with disabilities successfully find employment.  4. Journal of Employment Counseling – a peer-reviewed journal featuring articles on employment advice, which frequently features pieces aimed to research and helping individuals with impairments.  5. The Career Development Quarterly – the official journal of the National Career Development Association that fosters job development, featuring articles for all types of individuals, including people with disabilities. Working as a family and marriage counselor, I cannot identify a single journal that is the most relevant for my occupation. Each journal provides readers with unique topics and themes applicable in particular cases, concerning employment counseling. Perhaps the Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation would be the most helpful, as it is aimed specifically at psychologists to identify and solve particular issues, including recruitment among people with disabilities. To give an example of a relevant article, I chose “Empowering the Career Development of Persons With Disabilities (PWD)” from the International Handbook of Career Guidance. The piece gathered essential knowledge for providing practitioners with professional development advice for people with disabilities. It features self-determination theory, career advancement interventions, and recommendations for professionals on the practical application of these interventions through comprehensive research (Dispenza, 2019). The work recommends scholarship, which marginalized individuals may use while providing primary barriers in career seeking and ways of overcoming them. Therefore, t
Breast cancer is today one of the severe diseases and might serve as a cause of death for women of different ages. One of the risk factors associated with the given issue is the inability to discover the illness at its initial stages. The breast self-examination practice (BSE) is nowadays considered an insufficient measure because it does not provide a complete image of the problem and gives a false feeling of security (McConnell, 2013; Milosevic, Jankovic, Milenkovic, & Stojanov, 2018). For this reason, even females with a high level of health literacy and awareness of breast cancer, such as Anne H., might still belong to the group risk and discover the issue at its late stages. Anne H. was a pediatrician, which means that she was informed about breast cancer, and she performs BSE regularly. It helps her to discover the tumor and address the gynecologist, who insisted on the mammogram, consultation with a breast surgeon, and needle biopsy (McConnell, 2013). However, after the successful treatment of the discovered carcinoma by chemo and radiotherapy, the patient died five years after the diagnosis because of liver and brain metastases. The case evidences the need for reconsideration of recommendations related to breast cancer as only women after 40 are recommended to begin mammography if no risk factors exist (Milosevic et al., 2018). For Anne H., the absence of the negative family history provided her with a false feeling of safety and prevented her from asking for mammography. In such a way, it is possible to conclude that breast cancer remains a serious health concern even for young women with a high level of awareness as there are some genetic factors that might impact the appearance of the tumor. The reconsideration of recommendations for the beginning of mammography might help to improve the state of the problem. Reference List McConnell, T. (2013). The nature of disease: Pathology for the health professions (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: LWW. Milosevic, M., Jankovic, D., Milenkovic, A., & Stojanov, D., (2018). Early diagnosis and detection of breast cancer. Technology and Health Care, 26 (4), 729-759. Web.
As a part of the assessment of Big-League Group’s work on the problem of autism, an individual report will be used for evaluating the performance of the group and its members. The present paper is an individual report on the meeting held on Monday, June 21 in Fawcett Hall, led by S.A. Evaluation of Peers Based on the purpose of the formation, our group can be categorized as a task group. Accordingly, the functions performed by the members of the group are task functions. The role of B.N. in the meeting can be seen as a summarizer, providing a summary of the minutes of the previous meeting. Such a role contributes to the group, by putting previous work performed in a pattern (Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning, 2010). Such a pattern can be acknowledged in the context of the work planned at the beginning of the meeting. Accordingly, it can be stated that B.N. also took the role of the initiator, as she got the team started by providing information on what was already done. It should be noted that according to the tasks distributed between all team members that all the peers took the role of a summarizer at some point, providing a summary of the work that was performed. My role as the leader of this meeting can be described as oriented and direction giver (Learning World, 2010). During the discussions, the team might wander into conversations that are not related to the specific tasks assigned for the agenda, where my role was to return the discussion to the topics assigned in the agenda. Thus, my role can be seen in helping keep the discussion relevant (Clark, 2003, p. 69). In that regard, such a role can be seen as a part of my role as a regulator and evaluator in the meeting. As many of the tasks in the agenda were reviews of the responsibilities assigned in previous meetings, B.Z. and B.C. took the role of information giver. B.Z. provided information on the work performed for the sub-group to which the task was assigned B.Z, S.A, and A.S. B.J. and B.N. was not emphasized individually, and thus, their contribution was as a part of the team. In that regard, such roles can be seen as opinion givers, participating in brainstorming and decision-making activities in the meeting. Group Evaluation Evaluating the group performance. It can be stated that the group was in a working phase. The group already practiced open communications, and accordingly, some topics were summarized and objectives that were established from previous meetings. Group members summarized and volunteered ideas for the next meeting, which can be considered as a signal that the group already moved into the working phase (Clark, 2003, p. 63). The interaction patterns in the group can be described as free-floating, i.e., all the members took the responsibility for communication. In that regard, the interaction patterns can be stated
Minamoto Yoritomo was the chieftain warrior in Japan who formed the first military government in Japan. Japan was ruled by imperial courts that were made up of mainly the family members of the Fujirawa Courtier and was based in Kyoto. This family held most of the highest positions at the system of justice. Yoritomo was aged twelve when the conflict between Tiara and Minamoto that led to the defeat of Minamoto occurred in 1959. During this period, Yoshitomo his father who held the throne was killed. Yoritomo was spared death by the Taira leader Kiyomori but he was taken to exile. Kiyomori did not by any means improve financial administration and they failed to provide for the class of warriors that was rapidly growing. The feeling of dissatisfaction gave rise to a class of famous Minamoto leaders Yoritomo included who decided to fight against them. The war between Tiara and Minamoto lasted for five years after which Minamoto became the conquerors (McCullough 462). A group of highly skilled warriors known as the Samurai developed after Taika reforms in Japan. The reforms included imposition of heavy taxation and land distribution. The aim of these reforms was to offer support to Chinese empire. Small farmers resulted into selling their land. The large land owners became powerful and rich forming a feudal system of government similar to that of Europe during the medieval period. Feudal lords saw the need of having their wealth protected and employed warriors. This is how the Samurai group was founded. Some of the warriors were relatives of the landowners while others had been contracted. Out of the total number of warriors, relatives and financial dependants of the landowner seemed to be more loyal (Weston 130). According to Weston (131), the Civil War between the samurai clans of Minamoto and Taira in 1160 led to what the defeat of Minamoto in what was called Heiji rebellion. Taira warriors formed the first-warrior government. As a result, Minamoto were not allowed to visit Tokyo the capital city. Japan was under the control of Minamoto family after Gempei war that led to the defeat of the Taira clan. In 1192, Minamoto Yoritomo was appointed as the Shogan in the territory during which a new government known as Kamakura Bakufu was formed (Weston 131). The new government was simple and efficient compared to that of Kyoto. During the war, the warriors protected their bodies against injuries and deaths by putting on helmets to cover their heads, metallic armor, silk and leather plates. This was the second government to be founded by warriors. Minamoto no Yoritomo lived between 1147 and 1199 and his rule lasted up to 1333. He was the third born in a family of eight children. His mother died during when he was young after which his father remarried. He had three stepbrothers Yoshitsune being included who later in his life became a hero. Even though they were powerful, they did not rule over the northern and western parts of the country; he was the firs
In January 2015, two al-Qaida hostages were accidentally killed during U.S. drone attack in one of the border regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan as stated in the article Should the U.S. Rethink Its Drone Policy published in Debate Club section of U.S. News (The U.S. News and World Report par. 1). This issue caused the burst of discussions in news and social media. In the present essay, the application of different rhetorical strategies like ethos, logos and pathos, applied in the discussion of the U.S. drone policy is to be analyzed. Elizabeth Beavers, the legislative associate for militarism and civil liberties at the Friends Committee on National Legislation, claims that drone policy should be revised. She provides a structured analysis within three listed issues she thinks to be convincible for the audience. All the issues are supported by the references to the facts mentioned by official sources (the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, Stimson Center, Reuters) and people of trust (Retired U.S. Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal). She clearly applies “the rule of three” (a rhetorical principle that suggests that the arguments that come in three sound more convincing) in her reasoning list. Besides citing facts from the official sources, she turns to the audience’s emotional side by inserting the words of “a child from Pakistan whose grandmother died of U.S. drone strike” (Beavers par. 5). She applies to logos, ethos and pathos correspondingly. C. Christine Fair, an assistant professor at Georgetown University in her article, claims that the drone program should not be revised. She also lists her the arguments, but, unfortunately, in the less structured way than Beavers. In her analysis she also applies to official sources (the New York Times, Daily Mail, Dawn, PBS, International Committee of the Red Cross, the Atlantic) but she makes logical conclusions by operating the facts she picked. She also tries to analyze the importance of the reason the problem of drones was raised again: “the American identity of Weinstein is not a reason to structurally reconsider the program because it reveals nothing inherently flawed in the way in which drones are used in Pakistan.” (Fair par.2) Fair also uses some emotional structures that reflect her personal attitude to the problem that should get the audience into the sphere of this attitude: “ironically confirm” (Fair par.2), “elsewhere in Pakistan” (Fair par.1), “something genuinely sinister” (Fair par.3), etc. Thus, majorly she tends to apply pathos and logos strategies. Eugene Robinson, an opinion writer from Washington, D.C., claims against using drones in military operations. Robinson’s article r
Introduction One of the most prominent films about the race and racial issues is The Two Towns of Jasper by Whitney Dow and Marco Williams. Even the history of the film’s creation is significant in the first place. The documentary was filmed by the two producers separately in order to have the two different views from the white and black filmmaker. It is significant that the movie was shot this very way because it is the first attempt to make the documentary on race completely objective and unbiased. Evidently, the film gained huge success talking on the same exact topic from the perspectives of two directors that eventually flowed together for the sake of conveying the message to the viewer. That is why the documentary is called The Two Towns of Jasper. Brief Synopsis of The Two Towns of Jasper The story unfolds within the little town in Texas call Jasper. On June 7, 1998 the news shook the minds if its inhabitants. The cruelest racist murder ever was committed. A man named James Byrd Jr., was beaten, chained to the truck of the car, and trailed three miles through. It was an African-American killed by the white supremacists who considered themselves to be the Aryan Nation members, who were then arrested and charged for murder. James’ body was torn apart. Functionalist, Conflict, Symbolic Interactionalist Perspectives In order to analyze the documentary properly the three major perspectives of Sociology should be used here. The plot of the film can be perfectly implemented in the views of all three perspectives: Symbolic Interactionism, Functionalism, Conflict Theory. According to the Functionalism each member of our society has his/her own role within the society. Also, each aspect of the society is independent; however, it does contribute to the society as a union. The good example for that would be the school with children of the parents who pay taxes. The government in its turn helps raise the children and give them education. Hence, kids grow up and become the members of taxpaying society; thereby they can pay the government back. So, the social “inequality is not only inevitable but also necessary for the smooth functioning of society” as Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore claimed in their theory. (Kendall, p.245). The symbolic interactionist perspective presents the relations of people inside the society. Na
Introduction Breastfeeding is essential for ensuring positive health outcomes in newborns and infants. However, not all mothers are capable of breastfeeding a newborn for a period prescribed by their health provider. Many women consider early termination is unwanted, and they wish they could find ways to recommence breastfeeding. Those women would benefit significantly from gaining more information on techniques and adjustments, prompt advice, and psychological support. This paper will discuss how the issue of premature breastfeeding termination can be tackled with the help of nurses and provide relevant studies on the advantages of counseling. The essay also contains three questions structured according to the PICOT method. The Relevancy of the Issue for Nursing Practice Nowadays, nurses play a variety of roles as the field grows more complex and diverse. It suffices no more for a nurse to only follow a doctor’s prescriptions and conduct necessary procedures. Practitioners in the nursing field have become agents of health promotion: it is now their professional and moral duty to provide patients with the requested information and answer all their questions. Admittedly, if a nurse handles postpartum women in his or her daily practice, it is imperative that he or she possesses scientific and technical knowledge of the challenges and particularities of breastfeeding. For instance, a nurse can explain to a breastfeeding mother what a proper hold and position would be so that both the infant and the woman feel comfortable. On top of that, a nurse should use his or her communication skills to console a woman in visible distress. Moreover, some social groups are especially susceptible to early termination – overweight women or women after Cesarean section. When done correctly, counseling will help to prolong breastfeeding and result in better health outcomes in babies. A Literature Overview There have been a number of studies whose findings revealed a positive association between counseling and breastfeeding success. In their cross-sectional study with a sample of 3,840 respondents, Oakley, Henderson, Redshaw, and Quigley (2014) found that ongoing support decreased the odds of premature termination in postpartum women. Nabulsi et al. (2014) compared the outcomes in control and intervention groups at one, three, and six months after birth. The authors discovered that the women in the intervention group, who received phone counseling as opposed to their peers who only received standard care, were more satisfied with breastfeeding experiences. It is argued that breastfeeding counseling needs more promotion, and more research would be of great help. PICOT Questions Based on the conducted research, the three following questions on