ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Starbucks was started in 1971 and since then, the company has expanded very fast. It now has over 15,000 stores in over 44 countries. Starbucks seeks to sell experience, and not just coffee. The company had previously relied on word of mouth and a strong global brand as part of its marketing efforts However, with competition getting stiffer by the day, Starbucks has had to employ various promotional strategies such as the use of loyalty cards. Although Starbucks was very successful in the United States, this success was not replicated in the Australian market. This is because by the time the company ventured into the Australian market, smaller boutique-style coffee shops in the country had already gained popularity with coffee drinkers since they offered personalized and services. In addition, the discerning nature of the Australians, along with the fact that they had already developed sophisticated palates meant that Starbucks did not appeal to the locals as the management had anticipated. Some of the lessons that other aspiring companies who want to venture into the international market can borrow from the failure of Starbucks in Australia is that it is important to study, adopt and embrace the cultural differences in a given country. The report further recommends that Starbucks should consider forming partnerships with local companies in the coffee industry. In addition, the company should consider diversifying to other food products besides coffee in a bid to cushion its revenue collection during harsh economic conditions. Report Purpose The purpose of the report is to examine the external and internal analysis of Starbucks. In addition, the report shall also explore Starbuck’s failure in Australia, and the reasons behind this failure. Also, the report shall endeavour to provide recommendations for the case study in view of the marketing issues raised. Brief overview of the company The history of Starbucks dates as far back as 1971 when Starbucks opened its first coffee store in Seattle’s Pike Place market (Patterson et al. 2010). In 1992, Starbucks became a publicly-listed company. By this time, the company already had 140 stores in operation. By 2008, Starbucks was opening 8 stores per day. At the moment, Starbucks is ranked as the leading global coffee chain operator. It has operations in 44 countries, with over 15, 000 stores in operation (Patterson et al., 2010). Starbucks has also been successful because it has managed to create an atmosphere that enables customers to relax away from home. Organisations make use of marketing communication as a strategy to differentiate, position, as well as tangibilise the service. In this case, brand is vital to convey the company’s image. The branding symbols should be easily recognised. In addition, the brand image should also have appealing attributes. In the case of Starbucks, the company’s logo still retains the mar maid image that was adopted upon its inception in 1971. However, the mana
1st Prompt The end of World War significantly shifted the balance of power in Europe and globally, leaving a void that both the United States and the Soviet Union sought to fulfill. In the months and years after WWII, both countries attempted to establish their presence and influence in continental Europe. While the United States did this through political and economic means such as the Marshall Plan that fueled economic aid to countries that were friendly to the US. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union used force, increasingly building up military presence in Eastern Europe and attempting to isolate it from American influence. The biggest heated point was based in politics. The United States adopted the Truman Doctrine, aimed specifically at limiting Soviet and Communist expansion. Meanwhile, the Soviet ideology was strongly anti American as well. This clash of values, economic and military provocations, and failure of political resolutions led to the postwar heating of tension and ideological warfare known as the Cold War (Moss and Thomas 2012, 20-22). Towards the end of WWII, both the United States and the Soviet Union restructured their industrial capabilities towards the production of military equipment. Furthermore, significant technological developments were made in the arms industry, particularly the creation and detonation of the nuclear bomb by the United States. As tensions escalated soon after the end of the war, both countries continued to expand their military capabilities, effectively beginning an arms race. The Soviet Union, threatened by nuclear weaponry, began to develop its own nuclear and hydrogen weaponry, soon matching the United States nuclear arsenal. The primary strategy of the Cold War was nuclear deterrence, a p
Introduction Leadership is mainly associated with an individual’s behavior, traits, and role relationships. Therefore, leadership can be described as the behavior of an individual in directing employee’s activities towards an organization’s goal. According to Yukl (2010, p 4), a leader is the individual with the responsibility of the leadership role, while the rest of the member are followers. Nevertheless, leadership falls in different categories, including direct vs. indirect leadership, with direct leadership involving engaging employees in communication via memos, reports, emails, or meetings and indirect leadership involving cascading that follows a channel, from the CEO to the manager down to employees. Indirect leadership may involve an executive changing the organizational structure or rewards systems. According to Yukl (2010, p.7), “leaders value flexibility, innovation and adaptation; they care about people as well a economic outcomes and have a longer-term perspective with regard to objectives and strategies.” This creates a difference between managers and leaders; however, managers are concerned about how tasks are done while initiating performance. Leaders are mainly concerned with what things mean to employees and thereafter coming to an agreement on the most important things that need to be done. The author further adds that leadership effectiveness is determined by the performance of a team in the attainment of goals. Therefore, a leader is expected to contribute to the team by enhancing cohesiveness, cooperation, confidence, problem solving, decision-making, and commitment. Leadership Styles Leadership styles can be described as the methods through which leaders demonstrate the motives, plans, and influence on employees in pursuit of predetermined goals. These styles include authoritarian, participative, and delegative style. According to Robbins and Judge (2011), successful companies will need to have level-5 leaders, who posses essential qualities such as individual capabilities, teamwork competence, and managerial competence Authoritative leadership occurs when leaders give orders to their employee without consulting them first. Hence, leaders have no concern on the employees’ opinions, as they are expected to do exactly as the rules and regulations demand. An example of such a leader is Donald Trump (Dubrin, 2008, p350). Participative style involves allowing employees to take part decision-making, despite the fact that the leader will have the last say on the most appropriate course of action. In this style of leadership, employees are able to contribute their ideas that may be helpful in making better deci
Background The phenomenon of the social anxiety disorder, also known as the social phobia, is typically interpreted as one of the numerous social communication disorders. In addition, according to the Diagnosis and statistical manual of mental disorders (5 th ed.) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), the subject matter is easily confused with some of the social communication disorders (Sureka, Desai, & Gupta, 2013). While admittedly having a range of characteristics in common, the above concepts are rarely interrelated. Therefore, the effects of the subject matter should be evaluated on their own merits as opposed to driving parallels with the social-communication-related issues (Sinacola, 2015; Yeun & Han, 2016). Primary Objective The efficacy of the intranasal Paroxetine as the SSRI tool (Hoang, Ha, & Quy, 2016) that may supposedly help address the issues related to the further development of the social anxiety disorder (SAD). The study is aimed, therefore, at proving that the use of the specified medicine allows for managing SAD efficiently as opposed to the use of placebo (Doobbs, 2013). Secondary Objective The research also seeks to locate the possible side effects of using the given medicine. Design and Methodology Design Since the study focuses on the identification of qualitative relationships between the key variables, the adoption of a qualitative design seems a sensible approach to adopt. For example, the study may be conducted as a participant observation (Clarke, 2015). However, one must also bear in mind that the research seeks to quantify the outcomes as well (Phillips et al., 2015). For instance, the location of the numerical correlation between the use of the identified types of medicine and the subsequent identification of the outcomes can be viewed as crucial to the assessment of the drug efficacy (Bryman, 2015). Participants In order to carry out the study, one will have to include two types of participants. The information necessary for the qualitative analysis will be gathered from the patients of the local healthcare facilities.
Introduction to the Organization Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. is an entertainment company located in Burbank, California. The original company was created by four brothers Warner. While the company was one of the lesser-known movie studios in the 1920s, it quickly gained the attention of the wider public. Over the next few decades, the company pioneered sound and dialogue in the film, expanded into music publishing, was one of the first companies to start filming movies in color, and created a series of highly successful cartoons. The company experienced a lot of changes due to various historical events, internal struggle between the owners, and a multitude of failed projects. Nevertheless, Warner Brothers is a company name that is known worldwide due to their involvement in movie adaptations of such franchises as Harry Potter , Batman , The Hobbit , as well as a number of highly successful and syndicated television shows. The wide reach and power of their brand can be seen in its international presence, including a highly successful branch of the company in China, which provides a large portion of the company’s revenue. Currently, the company is a division of the Time Warner Corporation and is considered one of the largest American movie studios (“Company History”). It is possible to say that their brand as a division is more popular than that of the parent organization. Brand Name The brand name of Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. has more than a hundred years of history attached to it. Since its inception, the company was extremely vocal about self-promotion. During the studio system in Hollywood, it was almost impossible to create a new brand that could rival large studios such as MGM. Since theatres were owned by the studios t
Discussion August Wilson’s Fences displays the struggle of African Americans to attain their ambitions. Wilson explained clearly how men in African-American struggled to be victorious in achieving their dreams. Literary scripts can contribute greatly as historical articles which express social actualities that are creatively displayed by the Wilson. Hence, literature may not be disconnected from society and the analysis of literature must be associated to society. August Wilson is well-known in American literature as a writer of plays of African-American who usually narrate about African incidences in the past societies in U.S. The attempts of African Americans to attain their ambitions, as well as its challenging social matters like discriminations are portrayed in his play called Fences. This play narrates about a black family in 1950s who attempted to live among the people in the American urban regions (Bogumi 34). The author himself stayed in African American slum society during his early age, which he went on to portray in several dramatic writings. The play, Fences, gives an appealing case of the way both metaphysical and physical expressions of particular African retentions joint to enhance existing African American culture. The Africa which the author revives in Fences portrays itself through different levels and in both explicit and implicit ways. Normally, such ways may not be comprehended if American sense exists as the only standard. These African links come out in unspoken policies which shape everyday rituals of such characters and instill the play on several stages. Through analyzing Fences within African American cosmology, instead of depending only upon Western models of examination, the play produces a greater important interpretation of how black Americans settle the issues of their “double consciousness” in the America (Steffens 5). That African cosmology turns into an important section of the play’s sub textual tale, a tale which opposes America’s disruptive discrimination with Africa’s ability to cure, reunite, and empower. All through the play, the search of dreams has contributed greatly in the characters’ self-achievement. Nevertheless, Fences mainly focused on the men characters and their goals; the author did not talk much about the characters of women. As Wilson portrays the characters of men in detail, the dreams of female characters stay undeclared. Furthermore, just one female, called Rose Maxson, who represented his women characters, while the rest of women protagonists only existed after they are cited by other women characters participating in the play. It appears that the author merely provides opportunity to Rose
Summary of Project For this project, 16 people working in the AUE in the fields of administration and education were interviewed to gather the information about AUE student recruitment policies and possibilities. The interviews show that the key competitive advantages of the University include its friendly environment, affordability, and flexible schedules among with many other positive features. The advantages can be demonstrated to the undergraduates through social media. It is also proposed to reach the graduates through the Alumni Department. Introduction For this project, the focus group of 16 people who have been working in the AUE for a prolonged time have been interviewed to glean information concerning the AUE student recruitments policies and possibilities. The interviews were meant to gather the data concerning the following outcomes:  1. To find out what media of advertising is especially successful in promoting the AUE.  2. To discover the specifics of the AUE student recruitment strategy.  3. To discover the competitive advantage of the AUE.  4. To find out the opportunities of the AUE in the field of student recruitment. Participant Demographics Of the 16 people who have been interviewed:   * 5 people have been working at AUE for three months;   * 2 people spent there between 2 and 3 years;   * 9 people have been working there for 3 years or more. In relation to their occupation:   * 4 respondents have been working in the division of registration, 1 in the call center department, 1 in the student affairs division.   * 3 respondents are from the Administration.   * 7 respondents are teaching in the fields of business administration, computer technology, and diplomacy.   * 8 respondents have never participated in AUE student recruitment.   * 8 respondents participated by: by inviting students from a Dubai school (1 person), presenting the University programs at schools (1), and other activities (6).   * 4 respondents worked at another university before AUE,   * 1 respondent participated in student recruitment for another university. Worker Perspectives Outcome 1: What Source of Information Promotes AUE More Efficiently? 10 of the interviewees learnt about AUE through the Internet. 3 of them learnt about it through the LinkedIn site. One of the interviewees learnt about AUE during a con
Disease Model Versus; Positive Psychology Worksheet Introduction The paper focuses on developing a disease model worksheet by using the case of William. The concepts of traditional and positive psychology are applied in the case to aid in solving psychological issues that the patient experiences. Traditional psychology focuses on identifying patients’ psychological problems and appropriate means of solving them directly. Conversely, positive psychology strives to help patients to find their inner strengths and encourage proactive techniques among patients to rely on their own abilities in order to overcome their challenges. William’s Situation: Traditional Psychology Perspectives From traditional psychology perspectives, the psychologist would focus on the problem by dwelling on William’s past problems and then focus on the most suitable intervention to treat his problems using different traditional psychology techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychodynamic theory, and family systems therapy among others. The psychologist would look at the past, current, and potential future beh
Sunk costs are those costs in the field of economics and business which are deemed non-recoverable once they have been experienced. Some people relate sunk costs to variable costs ad their incidence is dependent upon the undertaking of a certain action whereas others believe that it should be deemed a potential cost as it only occurs if and only if a certain action is undertaken. Now, if we look at the microeconomics, we see that only variable costs are considered to be the real relevant costs for a certain decision. This theory has been formulated by the basic notion that every executive business decision must be taken based on its value; a practice which would suffice to exist if sunk costs were allowed to play a pivotal role in the determination of business decision. Therefore, all business decision must be taken based on the cost/benefit analysis that is related solely to them and sunk costs of the business should not be taken as relevant costs for that specific business decision. Now, despite the fact that sunk costs do not affect the optimality condition of a rational decision maker, the actual process of the sinking of a cost can considerably affect this decision. This is because until a certain amount of supplies are essentially reserved for a specific process, the sunk cost becomes an unavoidable fixed cost as it has not been incurred till that point in time, which is why it becomes an essential part of the decision making process. (Bernheim et al, 2008) Let us look at an example which will help explain sunk costs. Let us assume the existence of a hotel which bears the cost of $500 per night for providing a room to its customers. Out of this cost, $250 is the cost of rent that is appropriated to the room i.e. the total rent of the building divided by the number of rooms. $100 is appropriated to the fixed expenditures of the hotel e.g. staff wages etc and finally $150 is the marginal cost which is incurred for renting out a room to one additional guest; costs which include electricity laundry etc. Now, if the hotel is only able to charge $250 per night, it would appear that a loss of $250 is being endured and the pragmatic decision for the hotel would be to shut down. However, in this case the relevant cost for renting out a room is only $150 as all the other costs have to be borne regardless of the activities of the hotel. Therefore, any price above $150 for a night’s stay in this hotel will secure economic profit for the hotel, and the $350 of the total cost is the non-relevant cost of the business as this comprises of the sunk costs of the business (assuming that the staff have to be paid their wages regardless of all circumstances). In this light, the reluctance of investors to sell their securities in the market if the market price of their securities is less than the price they paid for is another case of misunderstanding of relevant costs. Once investors buy securities, then the money which was used for this purchase becomes a sunk cost. N
The play presents readers with the world of royalty and the well-knit state; the world of Duncan, his two sons, Banquo, Macbeth and the whole of Scotland and England. This world must have been recreated on Shakespeare’s stage. It is seen; it is always present, and even when some parts of it are repudiated it is there by implication. In Macbeth, “hands” are used a symbol of wrong actions and justice: also, they have direct and indirect meaning depicting inner feelings of characters and real world. The motif of hands in Macbeth reveals friendship and warm relations between men. The sergeant’s extravagant account of the battle has its special point. In addition to his picture of two exhausted swimmers dragging each other down, the two contestants are described in almost similar terms. Macdonwald is aided by Fortune, an unreliable mistress; Macbeth is the minion or darling of Valour. Fortune, like the whore she is, deceives Macdonwald, while Macbeth rages like a spoilt child, for he behaves most ruthlessly and unceremoniously towards his foe. Which neu’r shooke hands, nor bad farwell to him, Till he vnseam’d him from the Naue toth’ Chops, And fix’d his Head vpon our Battlement (Shakespeare). The reference seems to stress the difference between noble courtesy, such as is expected of a host, and Macbeth’s actual treatment of the person he met. Of course, it describes the logical code of conduct in war, but the violent image and the pr
The issues of injustice and possibilities to follow the wrong conclusions during the jurors’ analyzing the case in the court can be considered as the most controversial aspects of the process which results can be irreversible. All these problems are revealed in the movie 12 Angry Men directed by William Friedkin which was released in 1997. However, in spite of the main theme of legitimacy discussed in the movie, some important aspects of the social psychology can be discussed using the examples of relations and interactions between the characters of the movie. The main two aspects which should be effectively analyzed are the problem of stereotypes and the question of the successful leadership. The plot of the movie is based on the story of a young Spanish-American boy who is accused in killing his father, and the main task of the jurors is to decide whether he is guilty or innocent. The jurors have their own personal vision of the case and are inclined to accuse the boy without paying much attention to the discussion of the case’s details. However, there is Juror # 8 who does not want to follow the viewpoint of the majority of the group and insists on the further detailed analysis of the case ( 12 angry men, 1997). The peculiarities of the manner to persuade the public and lead the persons’ to making their own right conclusions which is demonstrated by Juror # 8 can be discussed in the field of the social psychology with references to its main aspects along with the group’s inclination to follow the stereotypes and bias. The main difficulty which complicated the jurors’ clear vision of the problem can be discu