ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino is located on the eastern side of Las Vegas. The hotel is one hundred and forty five meters tall with forty stories standing between The Palazzo and Harrah’s. The sumptuous hotel is the headquarters of the Las Vegas Sands company, which happens to own and manage the hotel. Most of the Venice city landmarks have been reconstructed on the outdoors of the hotel. They include a section of St. Mark’s Square, the Campanile, a section of the Doge’s Palace and a canal. To match with the buildings in the Venice city, the stones used in construction, have a weathered look. The guards of the hotel wear Venetian police force uniforms, while the statues in the resort are copies of the originals. Inside the resort, the Venice look continues, especially in the foyer and the entrance to the shops. The Venetian fine art is painted on the ceilings, and the lobby is decorated with plenty of marbles. The presence of high ceilings, archways and spectacular pillars has completed the Venice look. Navigating through the various sections of the resort is easy, since their entrances are located on the outside. On the thanksgiving of 1996, the Sands hotel was brought down to create space for the building of the Venetian resort. The construction of the hotel and casino was estimated to cost 1.5 billion dollars. The construction began in 1997 after the management had secured a financial package worth1 billion dollars. After one year of construction, the casino and the hotel were open to the public in the summer of 1998. Later that year, the Venetian announced the employment benefits package and a powerful group-booking to the Wall Street. In the month of May, the following year, the first phase of the Venetian hotel casino was open enabling it to offer a fully incorporated resort. Between 2001 and 2003 the Guggenheim Hermitage Museum, had an opening of four exhibitions. Each one of them had a different theme. The remarkable Venezia tower was officially open during the summer of 2003. The hotel has been rated 5 diamonds by AAA, this means it is among the best 5 diamond resorts on the planet. It has also achieved a number of diversity and community awards, making it a terrefic place to work. The resort offers an excellent benefit package to their employees, including an option of customized benefit plan to suit the employee’s needs. The hotel also has policies that offer equal opportunities in employment and frees employees from harassment and prejudice. Throughout the year, they offer awards appreciating outstanding employees and team work. The hotel is committed in offering the best service to both customers and employees. Employees are given a superb benefit package which consists of medical treatment, free meals while on duty, public and personal holiday leave. The medical coverage package extends to laboratory tests and surgical fee. Included in the benefit package is the provident fund which is a sum of offerings made by the company
The process of body building does not involve lifting heavy weights only. It also involves building the mass of the muscle by doing the right exercises. Muscle building requires bodybuilders to take in special types of food that assist in the process. In addition, it is important to receive good training on weight as well as having enough rest. The process starts when body muscles are exposed to intense stress as it happens when they are forced to lift substances that are heavier than usual. Exposing muscles to more work than they normally do leads to small ruptures and tears. These ruptures often bring about sores but they are cured after taking enough rest. After the healing process, the muscles become larger and able to withstand the stressful activity that caused the tears. Muscle building process is maximized by increasing the stress exerted on the muscles. This is achieved by forcing the muscles to lift heavier weight than they are used to, exerting the stress on muscles more regularly, and varying the exercise types performed on particular muscles. These processes result in new tears which consequently increase the size of the muscles and make them stronger. The first important consideration to be made in the process of muscle building is paying attention to the type of food eaten by bodybuilders. Remarkable muscle growth requires them to use specific foods and develop nutritional plans. Bodybuilders should take in food rich in complex carbohydrates and proteins. These types of food are burned during exercises and assist in building the mass of the muscles. The nutrition plan should be followed without alterations since altering it disrupts the whole process. Carbohydrates and proteins provide the body with recommended quantities of building materials required for muscle growth. The intervals at which the foods are taken are also an important issue to consider. It is advisable that bodybuilders take in small quantities of meals five or six times every day. This ensures that the foods taken in are well metabolized. Taking in food stuffs frequently is essential for them because when they stay for about four hours without food, the muscles are lost and fat is accumulated. The feeling of starvation causes the body to eat away the lean muscles and accumulate fat. It is therefore crucial for a bodybuilder to eat after every three hours in order to enhance the muscle building process. The second important aspect in the process of building muscles is workin
Identification of the specific standard, guideline, or criteria The process of hospital accreditation is rather controversial, due to its effects and involved costs, but still a necessary element of the health care system in the United States (Morrissey, 2004, p. 8). Accordingly, the huge importance of hospital accreditation makes scholars and specialists argue about the best way to control and supervise this process. The two alternatives are the independent and the government agencies entitled with the accreditation powers (Federal and Industry Regulations, 2010; IMTJ, 2010). The analysis of the scholarly findings in the area of health care advocates the independent accreditation of hospitals. The exact standard, guideline, or criteria details Thus, the exact standard selected for the analysis in the current paper is the independence of the major health care accreditation facility in the United States, i. e. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). The very standard can be formulated follows: “An independent, not-for-profit organization, JCAHO is the nation’s predominant standards-setting and accrediting body in health care” (Federal and Industry Regulations, 2010). Thus, being an independent non-profit organization (the fact eliminates any financial interest and associated bias for this organization in its judgments), JCAHO works together with the governmental health care agencies and the Congress to provide the objective accreditation standards. Facts and data supporting the standard, guideline, or criteria The data that support the necessity of the independence standard for a health care accreditation organization can be generally divided into two major categories. The first one includes the critique of the possible governmental accreditation. These data focus on the potential increase of governmental regulation in health care and use of accreditation powers for achieving political goals (Federal and Industry Regulations, 2010). The second category of data consists of arguments presented by Roth and Taleff (2002, p. 41), Morrissey (2004, p. 9), and Snyder (2005, p. 135) regarding the already controversial character of the accreditation procedures offered by JCAHO. These scholars argue that the usefulness of JCAHO accreditation is rather doubtful, and the governmental regulation of this process might consequently complicate the state of things further. Analysis of collected data In more detail, the major controversy that surrounds the independent or governmentally controlled hospital accreditation focuses on the use of the process for the actual improvement of hospitals’ service quality. The independent accreditation agency, JCAHO, provides services whose effect is doubted for the main goal, i. e. service quality growth. Accordingly, if JCAHO becomes a governmen
Adam Smith proposed that the value of a commodity should be equal to the amount of labor required for its production. This theory was further developed by David Ricardo that introduced the principle of a comparative advantage and suggested that laborers were empowered to exchange their best commodities. Later on, the WTO adopted Ricardo’s ideas. It used them even more efficiently than Ricardo could expect because the process of trade has become simpler throughout the centuries. In the meantime, the key problem that exists in the modern market is that a laborer is no longer empowered to allocate the labor; as well as the cost of a commodity is no longer determined by the amount of power necessary to produce it. The latter statement can be illustrated by stockbrokers’ activity. According to Ricardo, the power of labor is its inherent characteristic. In other words, laborers were not initially supposed to face any challenges in the market – in case their labor could not be exchanged into the target commodity in this country, it could be naturally exchanged in another. However, the experience has shown that the win-win theory does not work in real terms. The most vivid evidence of its invalidity is the current crisis with the growing level of unemployment. The latter is a particularly persuasive illustration of the labor’s powerlessness. Thus, the question arises regarding the miscalculations made by Ricardo and Smith in their theories. In other words, a few centuries ago, it seemed to be evident that labor possessed inherent power that ensured its exchanging capacity. Hence, it is unclear what factors deprived labor of this intrinsic quality. It might be assumed that the economists overlooked the possibility of the capital’s mobility. Hence, they relied on the assumption that the capital of a particular state cannot be invested in the labor of another state. At this point, it becomes clear that the power of labor determined by Smith and Ricardo cannot be achieved in the modern reality where trade has become not theoretically but literally global. Meanwhile, the lack of labor power that is enhanced by the unlimited capital’s mobility is likewise inadmissible because it leads to overall unemployment. Therefore, it might be assumed that the power of labor should be determined by the state that is obliged to take up the responsibility for ensuring its exchange capacity.
Introduction Written in 1898, The Turn of the Screw is a tour de farce notwithstanding the many criticisms it received later in the 20 th Century. For long, this story has appeared like a story of ghosts and wickedness with the governess on a mission to save children. However, critics like Edmund Wilson and Harold Goddard gave another version of interpretation where they paint the governess as a sexually stifled creature who tries to imagine presence of ghosts while in reality there are no ghosts. Regardless of the interpretation, ambiguity comes out clearly in this novel. The greatest question remains, is this governess a gutsy woman who is out to save children from botheration or she is just a fanatic who hallucinates presence of ghosts. This paper tries to give insight to these issues surrounding the governess to establish her reliability as a narrator. The governess is only a fanatic who lets her emotions drive her crazy and assumes presence of ghosts that are not present. She is romantically empty, she does not know how to love, and she is looking for love in the wrong places. It is important to note that she accepted this job not because she loved it; but because she had feelings for her the employer, Mr. Douglas. Analysis Before analyzing three incidents where the governess purports to see ghosts; that is, Peter Quint and Miss Jessel, it is good to give an overview of the story. The Turn
Introduction Environmentists describe biodiversity as the disparity of biological organisms in their make ups, behaviors and their relationships, connections and interdependencies within the ecosystem. The value of biodiversity to human beings manifests is through the provision of basic essentials in life such as water, food air as well as the decomposition of wastes. Biodiversity hotspots therefore are regions on the earth’s surface characterized with numerous endemic species of biological organisms. Biodiversity hotspots usually tend to occur in areas where humans have significant interest; hence many of the endemic species in these hotspots face a great threat for their survival, as many human activities are prevalent in these areas. The Brazil’s Atlantic Rain Forest in South America is a perfect example of a biodiversity hotspot, being a home for more than 20,000 species of plants, over 1,350 vertebrates, and insect species which count to several millions. It is believed that, almost a half of these species are found nowhere else on the planet earth. The rainforests forests in Central Africa and the Serengeti region in Tanzania are other biodiversity hotspots harboring numerous endemic species. This research will attempt to explore the environmental ethics arising in the biodiversity hotspot region covering the Congo rainforest and the Serengeti national park in Central Africa (Travel Africa, n.d). Environmental ethics have not impacted much on saving the loss of biodiversity hotspots. Magnitude of Biodiversity hotspots loss, the endangered and extinct species The magnitude of the problem of losing biodiversity hotspots is too great, to the extend of extinction of various species from the face of the earth. Environmental philosophers are widely campaigning for environmental ethics among all the stakeholders around biodiversity hotspots to encompass environmental policies, geared towards emphasizing the value of conserving these hotspots and the environment in general. Conflicts between communities and others, people and wild animals and even wild species with their counterparts over natural resources are on the rise as a result of climate changes emanating from destruction of biodiversity hotspots. For instance the magnitude of the problem is so great in the jungles along the Congo River basin in central Africa (Newton, Dillingham, & Choly 2005, pg 99). Spinney (1998, p.18) observed that hunting and trading of Apes meat within the forest was so intense that if no conservation measures were to be taken abruptly, in fifty years time the population of these apes especially the Chimpanzees would totally vanish. The intensive illegal commercial hunting of the primates for food and export is intense in the tropical forests in Africa, Asia and Latin America, despite attempts of pr
Introduction Given the fact that we now live in time of political correctness, it comes as no surprise that the majority of contemporary historians adopt a very careful approach to the discussion of what were the metaphysical roots of Reformation, as the quasi-religious movement that produced a heavy impact onto Christianity’s doctrinal soundness – thus, creating objective preconditions for the decline of Christianity to become only the matter of time. According to conventional historians, the fact that the intellectual influence of Church became increasingly undermined, during the course of centuries preceding the schism of Reformation, was due to the spiritual and moral corruption, on the part of Catholic clergymen. As Gordon Leff had rightly pointed out in his article “Heresy and the Decline of the Medieval Church”: “Many historians continue to be endowed with deep-seated belief that the church became corrupt-politically, financially and in personnel – and the mere vehicle for privilege and private aggrandizement; and consequently that heresy was simply a rebellion against ecclesiastical degeneration or a reaction to ecclesiastical oppression. Such a view, implicit in many modern diagnoses, does not stand up to examination” (1961, 36). Apparently, one does not have to be overly smart to realize the conceptual fallaciousness of purely mechanistic approach towards assessing the true nature of historical processes, simply because historical events appear to be dialectically predetermined. Thus, we can say that it is namely Anthony Levi’s utilization of dialectical methodology, within the context of defining links between Renaissance and Reformation, which endows his book “Renaissance and Reformation: The Intellectual Genesis” with an acute intellectual value. In this book, author had proven beyond any reasonable doubt that both: Renaissance and Reformation, should be regarded as simply the different emanations of essentially the same process of Europe’s intellectual awakening, with the roots of this process being traced back to a so-called ‘Carolingian Renaissance’, when the philosophical legacy of antiquity had again come to public eye’s attention. According to author, the reason why introduction of Christianity to European barbarians did not bring about their spiritual demise, as it happened to Romans, is because these people’s inborn sense of existential idealism had allowed them to work out a semi-religious vaccine to this by-product of Asiatic religiosity – an early Catholicism, which had very little to do with the spirit of original Christianity, as one of Semitic suicidal cults: “The cosmogony of Plato’s Timaeus was fused with the narrative in the first chapters of Genesis to create a full Gnostic myth from which Jesus finally emerged as redeemer of humanity from the natural order in which, without him it would have remained. The fusion of Genesis with the Timaeus in a single creation myth, by harmonizing Plato wi
Introduction For many historians, modern Brazilian history begins with the abolition of slavery. Talks of transition from slavery to freedom always take centre stage 1 . In most parts of America, the legislation to abolition slave trade was greatly opposed by big plantation owners who needed the services of slaves and knew that the legislation to end slavery was a major barrier to the success of their plans. Most of them hoped to expand their plantations further and the law to abolish slavery would bring this dream to a stop 2 . However, although opposed to the move to abolish slave trade, slave owners never resisted with military force. They instead chose to lobby support from other people so that together, they would fight against the abolition 3 . The Origin of Brazilian Slaves Various studies have indicated that the slaves who came to Brazil originated from African countries such as Congo, Angola, Benguela and the East African Coast. These slaves were exchanged between colonial masters and were chosen very carefully 4 . Even though a license to trade slaves between Mozambique and Brazil was granted in the year 1645, activities of slave trade begun when the Portuguese finally got rid of restrictions that once existed between the two countries 5 . Familiarity to English norms was one of the criteria used to select slaves. The slaves were imported mainly to supply the much needed labor for plantations 6 . Brief History of Brazil at the Time of Abolition During the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil for fear of being attacked. They later established their rule in Brazil 7 . Even though Pedro II was such a conservative ruler, he realized that slavery was hurting his subjects and started looking for ways to rescue them from the unfair treatment 8 . With this conviction, Pedro II slowly passed laws that sooner or later would lead to the abolition of slavery. Afraid of the repercussions of Pedro’s legislations, Brazilian land owners together with the military did not support his ideas wholeheartedly. They were very much aware that with abolition of slavery, slave owners would be required to spend quite heavily on production as their plantations were quite huge. While away on a trip, Pedro returned to find that his daughter, Princess Isabel, had already passed a law to abolish slavery on May 13 th 1888. Although the enactment of this law brought honor to the Brazilian royal family, the unhappy land owners started opposing the monarchy 9 . According to Liberal Brazilians the period between 1822 and 1855 marked an era of action, reaction and transaction and the subject of slavery was regarded as being an ethnic, racial, and cultural rather than a political and economic problem 10 . Reasons Why Brazil was the Last Country to Abolish Slavery The delay in ending slavery in Brazil is partly linked to the fact that Brazilians were in tight collaboration with the Portuguese. The fact that the British had
Mubadala is a company that was established in 2002 by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government. The company was established for the purposes of driving Abu Dhabi’s economic prospects and helping the UAE government meet its economic agendas. Mubadala’s focus is on several investments and businesses within the UAE and the rest of the world. Currently, the value of Mubadala’s asset base is in excess of fifty-five billion dollars. Mubadala is an active investment company that is involved in all sectors of the economy and pursues partnerships with various global organizations. Mubadala’s business prospects cover several products and services. According to the company’s website, Mubadala has business interests in financial services, aerospace, information technology, infrastructure, healthcare, stock investments, transport, logistics, mining, oil, gas, real estate, and renewable energy ( Mubadala ). Mubadala has set up operations in over twenty countries around the world. The company’s presence is felt in Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and South America. Mubadala Development Company is headed by a board of directors. Mubadala’s board of directors represents its shareholders and is responsible for the company’s corporate governance. Currently, General Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed serves as Mubadala’s board chairman. The board also consists of other six members including the company’s Chief Executive Officer Khaldoon Khalifa Al Mubarak. Mubadala has eight main business units and each unit is headed by a separate team that includes industry experts. Mubadala’s main trades can be found in several countries around the world. Most of these trades are concentrated in the UAE and they include healthcare, aerospace, mining, and oil investments. In China Mubadala has trade investments in mining through Suyadi Company. In Russia Mubadala has interests in financial investments through Moscow’s Verno Capital while in the United States the company has trade interests in real estate, semiconductors, information technology, and stock investments ( Mubadala ). In addition, Mubadala has several trade interests in Brazil, Spain, Algeria, Nigeria, and the United Kingdom. Masdar is a UAE-based company that was established in 2006 and it focuses on the renewable energy industry. Masdar’s operations are multi-faceted but the company’s main goal is to establish renewable energy sources in Abu Dhabi and the rest of the world. Masdar’s establishment seeks to broaden UAE’s horizons as a leader in world-energy production. According to Masdar’s mission statement, the company serves as a link between the current fossil-fuel economy and the future renewable energy industry ( Masdar ). Masdar’s business model combines research, higher edu