ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Economic growth is dependent on a wide array of factors that range from technology to capital. Of particular interest is the rate of population growth vis-à-vis economic growth and development. Various economic models have attempted to establish the relationship between different demographic dynamics and economic growth (Barro 1991, p. 87). While some economists postulate that economic development slows down in periods of high population growth rates, others argue that high population growth boosts economic growth. This paper discusses such factors as age structure, level of economic development, population density and rates of poverty in addition to their impacts on economy. Besides, the paper utilizes various theoretical frameworks that establish the correlation of population dynamics and economic growth. Relationship between Population and Economic Growth The relationship between population and economic growth has many perspectives. Various economists have developed models to explain the correlation between population and economic growth (Gonzalo 1994, p. 67). Malthus was among classical economists who attempted to explain the relationship. He claimed that increase in population could surpass the level of production in an economy leading to poverty (Jones 2002, p. 45). The rationale is that population grows in geometrical way while productivity improves in an arithmetic rate. This does not only lead to poverty but also inefficiencies and diminished productivity. To that end, it is important to highlight that the relationship between population and economic growth has elicited heated debate (Weil 2009, p. 71). Some schools of thoughts believe that there is a positive correlation between population and economic growth. Opponents argue that population growth complements the economy in the sense that there is a high number of skilled and talented laborers in an economy (Jayati 2013, p. 81). This in turn leads to increased productivity and production of goods and services across entire economic spectrum. Other theorists have attempted to distinguish economic growth and population dynamics. Neo-classical theorists such as Solow differentiate various aspects of societies in order to establish accurate correlations and relationships (Thirlwall 1994, p. 132). In particular, Solow claims that high population growth in a steady state is likely to reduce disposable income and income per capital. Nonetheless, population growth does not affect the rate of economic growth in steady states (Jayati 2013, p. 76). Consequently, Solow argues that the rate of population growth will be equal to the rate of economic growth in steady states. While neo-classical theorists classify states and nations in order to understand interplay between demographic dynamics and economy, other models use age structure of a nation
When planning to expand to a new country for a global business venture, it is crucial to carry out both internal and external environmental analysis to evaluate threats and opportunities in the market. Organisations that appraise market scenarios in targeted business locations before expanding to the markets often become profitable (Guy, 2009). Coffee Roasters the largest supplier of coffee roasting apparatus and the leading training centre on how to roast and grind coffee in Australia and New Zealand needs to carry out market analysis before expanding to India. The organisation should evaluate the country’s business environment, the level of competition in the market and the impact of cultural and ethical factors. Moreover, it should determine the most appropriate market entry strategy and marketing plan. Coffee Roasters’ decision to expand to India is based on the finding that the country’s demography, economy, geography and political structure create a conducive environment for trading. India is the second populous country in the globe. According to Roche (2013), the country has a population of more than 1.21 billion people. The population growth rate of the country is 1.41%. As a result, experts project India’s population will match that of China by 2028 (Roche, 2013). The country’s residents appreciate diversity. India has more than 2, 000 ethnic groups living together peacefully. Besides, almost all world religions are represented in the country. The major languages used in India are Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Tamil and English. English is widely used for national, commercial and political communication (Official and Regional Languages of India, 2011). The India economy is also productive. India’s economy is one of the largest and fastest growing economies. Unfortunately, the country’s level of poverty is significantly high. Experts point at poor policies as the cause of the high poverty rate. They say past governments created laws that limited foreign investment. The laws also created numerous processes that those wanting to start businesses had to navigate through before getting accreditation. However, due to change in political leadership, the country’s economy has been growing steadily. The growth has been mainly in the service and manufacturing industries. The India government is investing in the agriculture industry to continue enhancing its economic growth. One of the country’s great strength is its effort to develop its economy by investing in an efficiently education system. India has become a leading actor in the field of high tech due to its greatly educated labour force (The Indian Economy, 2013). India is strategically located near China, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan. These countries produce high tech labour force and have well established econ
Introduction Fraud is a serious unethical and illegal problem that some individuals or companies have propagated to acquire an edging advantage in the market by avoiding the set legal standards and regulations. In the United States (US), the Clean Air Act empowers the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate and set standards for vehicle emissions (Beene, 2016). The regulations and standards are tough for many vehicle manufacturers to comply with. Beene’s (2016) article provides a good case of the violation of the legislation due to the fraud scandal involving an automotive Germany manufacturer. Volkswagen (VW) engineers manipulated vehicle engines to cheat the US on the emission levels of the company vehicles, a move that was revealed, and proper legal action taken to impact the stakeholders and the company as a whole. The Fraud Scandal, its Cause, and the Culprits The Violated Law and Underlying Cause of the Scandal The fraud scandal was done intentionally to violate the EPA regulations and American environmental law. According to Beene (2016), engineer James Robert Liang together with his team deliberately planned to violate the American Clean Air Act. The fraudulent actions further violated the EPA vehicle fuel emission standards and regulations since the authority and the country as a whole were deceived. The strict and harsh American laws and regulations together with the uncompromising EPA compelled the engineers to think of and implement this illegal and unethical strategy. Liang and his team of engineers realized that the company would not meet the strict US limits on the emission of nitrogen oxide that were implemented since 2007 while increasing the customer demand for the vehicles (Beene, 2016). Consequently, they developed and installed software that could cheat on the emission tests so as to comply with the environmental laws. Mouawad and Jensen (2015) explain that upon testing the car engine emission levels, this software could sense and activate installed equipment to reduce emissions. However, the software could turn the installed equipment down when driving, resulting in high emission rates that surpass the legal limits (Mouawad & Jensen, 2015). This strategy was the only feasible way to ‘complying with the strict laws in the mind of Liang and his engineer colleagues. The Culprits Liang, who had worked with the automotive company begun the fraudulent process years early before it was noticed. From the beginning of 2006 to September 2009, this engineer and his colleagues deliberately agreed to defraud the American government, the company customers, and most importantly, violate the Clean Air Act together with deceiving the agencies that enhance its implementation (Beene, 2016). All the victims were deceived about the vehicle complies with the US emission standards. The EA189 2.0-liter diesel was at the center of this case, and Liang was in the team that manufactured it at the diesel engine department in Wolfsburg, the company headquarters (Beene, 2016). This shows that Liang and the team he led were
Summary The article by Rankin discusses a complex situation before the upcoming elections to the European Parliament due to disagreements among individual parties regarding the current policies of power control and, in particular, the labor market. The disputes of the ruling elites have become a serious problem prompting different countries’ leaders to pay close attention to the issues of trade relations, migration, employment, and other aspects. Some leaders have already lost a significant portion of their rating under the influence of changing trends and attitudes concerning labor and migration. Political dialogues on these topics have become an integral part of any summit meeting. Finally, Rankin argues that populist ideas may lead to a situation where the Parliament is blamed for all the mistakes made, causing it to be difficult for politicians to prove their innocence. Responses to Questions EU trade policy is built on the principles of promoting relationships among countries and stimulating the advancement of government procurement. Also, specific research programs are developed based on mastering the market of third countries in order to strengthen foreign economic partnerships and help states with a weak financial base. Trade unions are formed, which contributes to obtaining more freedom in commodity turnover and customer acquisition. According to Rankin, in order to boost employment, the EU deliberately expands the labor market and enables migrants to participate in the economy. Also, based on the author’s text, it can be noted that the ruling elites allow the possibility of engaging outside assistance to obtain appropriate conditions that could stimulate employment, for instance, the interaction among countries (Rankin). However, this is one of the controversial aspects of the dialogue that different parties’ members hold. Work Cited Rankin, Jennifer. “How Rising Populism Could Shake up European Elections.” The Guardian . 2018, Web.
Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of leadership. It is based on three business leaders namely Ingvar Kamprad (founder of IKEA), Mohammed ben rashed al-Maktoum (ruler of Dubai) and Jeff Bezos (founder of Amazon.com). The discussion starts by looking at the concept of leadership and related concepts. It then goes on to discuss the three leaders named above by looking at their background, their leadership styles and how their leadership styles compare. Discussion The Concept of Leadership Leadership has been defined as the ability of a person to influence other people to do things, which they would not have done without the influence. People with this ability are referred to as leaders. Leaders are found in different settings and contexts ranging from the family, school, government and organizations; formal and non-formal, as well as profit and nonprofit organizations. In an organizational setting, leaders are responsible for showing others “the way”. The leaders may have or may not have executive powers in the organization and they may be or, may not be managers (Northouse 45). Leading in an organizational context entails the leader consolidating the efforts and resources of the organization and focusing on the future by setting up a vision for the organization, which it intends to achieve in a given period of time, using the consolidated efforts and resources. According to Russel Consulting, leading entails some distinct elements which include building and sustaining teamwork, strategic thinking, managing conflicts, coaching, inspiring a shared vision, problem solving, performance management and accountability, decision making, delegation, systems thinking, leading change, dealing with ambiguities, developing trust, employee development, customer service, innovation and creativity, emotional intelligence, servant leadership, quality and productivity improvement. Effective Leadership This is the ability of a leader to consolidate, maximize and utilize the available resources both in the internal and external environment to the organization so as to attain the objectives of the organization or of the society. Effective leadership therefore aims at realizing results which are extra ordinary, in a consultative manner and with minimum utilization of resources. Effective Decision Making This is the ability of a leader to make decisions which are sound, consultative, participatory, inclusive and timely. Effective decisions have impacts both in the short term and long term and are also highly acceptable by majority of the stakeholders and those affected by the decisions.For a leader to make effective decisions, he or she must do a cost benefit analysis, consider the effects of the decision on the organization and who should be included in the decision making and who should not be included. Self-Managing Teams These are also referred to as self-directed teams. It refers to a group of people who coordinate, oversee and manage the work they do on a day to day basis. They collectively handle assignments; make decisions related to the production of the o
To be a successful leader in business perspective is one of the most challenging tasks especially in the modern dynamic world. To achieve substantial results in the current world given the many challenges that come with leadership must be handled not only strategically but also with much consideration of the prevailing market condition. A strategic leader according to Cannella (2008) is a leader capable of embracing both humanistic and analytic approach in ensuring a successful business enterprise. The chosen business leader and his attributes The most successful business entities in the world are normally attributed to good and strategic leadership that embraces different fields of leadership in ensuring that the business achieves its visions and missions (Leavy, 2009). This essay is going to take a closer look at one of the most influential business leaders of our time, Bill Gates. Bill Gates is the one of the founders of Microsoft Corporation which is indisputably one of the most revolutionary software companies in the recent past. The successes of the company cannot be questioned, the measure of the company’s success can be vividly answered by one question, how many people use or own a Microsoft product? From Microsoft operating system to Microsoft office software’s among other revolutionary software products that the company has managed to design and offer to the market. Gates contributions of the world of business leadership and strategic positioning coupled with clearly stated and achieved company’s visions and missions cannot be overemphasized. Gates is one of the founders of computer programming and it is through his strategic leadership did the software industry grow to the intensity currently experienced in all the industry sectors in the world. It is through Gates visions and leadership that we currently enjoy the experience of the computing world. His visions in the early days after dropping out of Harvard were not challenged by one of the most dynamic and inventory leader Gates to ever meet in his way, Steve Jobs. The business direction and leadership of Gates landed him in the wrong path of the law. In 1998, Gates had a sequential and contentious court issues that accused him and his company of abuse of monopoly. His achievements despite the court decision afterwards were a great show of what a strategic leadership and strong corporate business effectiveness Gates had almost single handedly build. It is on the shoulders of Gates that other computer programmers have developed, nobody can question the contributions of Gates to the modernity and technological innovativeness that we are experiencing. Gates visions were enshrined in his strategic and all inclusive leadership styles. Gates knew when to make decision at the right time, this made Microsoft become of the most successful software companies in the world. Despite the challenges by Steve Jobs at the onset of software programming, the br
Introduction Romanticism is a movement in history that went against the established order, status quo, peace, ideologies, and beliefs of the time. Art was used to depict the manner in which individuals thought and believed as well as their orientation towards their surroundings in the olden days (Ferber, 2010). Art dealt mostly with issues of motive and realism while other forms of art dealt with the darkness of the community on one hand and its magnificence on the other. Romanticism was a form of art that strived to detach itself with Neoclassicism which was rife during the enlightenment period. Romanticism brought about a strong and extremely emotive form of art that took over most half of the 19 th century. It became the greatest art movement in most parts of Europe from late 18 th century lasting to mid of 19 th century (Beers, 2010). The Early Romantic Artists There are a number of artists who are considered popular during the movement. However they are dichotomized into The Early Romantic Artists and The Later Romantic Artists (Brown, 2001). John constable is one artist who falls under the first category. He is viewed as an expert in Romantic art. He developed art in form of paintings that mostly covered landscapes. His works portrayed an awesome sense of beauty and the greatness of nature. This marked a great difference when compared to the dull garden paintings that came from the Enlightenment period. John gave nature a huge sense of spirituality with the belief that it is obscure and cannot be seen by even the spirits. Another artist called Gericault Theodore considered nature as a great force that went against any motive and plan. He is associated with the world renowned painting called the The Raft of Medusa. This painting shows people who survive a very violent shipwreck. In deed, most painters of the Romantic era associated beauty with their arts. For instance, Eduard Gaertner is popular with the method of combining light and dark when painting Paris streets (Brown, 2001). The Later Romantic Artists Some other artists under The Later Romantic Artists are John Everett Millais and Edward Burne-Jones. John painted pictures that carried normal scenes. However, they contained much depth and color. His art, The Black Brunswicker is a tale of lovers and shows an in-depth feeling and nostalgia. Edward is credited with stunning Gothic revitalization pieces. Such forms of art were extremely popular towards the last years of the Romantic era. He accorded great honor to the olden times with the designing of Briar Rose t
Background This case was argued on March 2, 2005 at the Supreme Court of the US sitting in the state of Kentucky. It involved the American civil liberties union (ACLU) of Kentucky (the petitioner) and the county of McCreary in Kentucky. The petitioner had lost the case at an appellate court, where it had accused two Kentucky counties, McCreary and Pulaski, of displaying some excerpts of the biblical “Ten Commandments” in their courthouses. The petitioner had argued that the displays were against the federal constitution of the United States. The appellate court made a decision against ACLU arguing that the “lemon test” established under case law Lemon v. Kurtzman was supposed to be abandoned or reformulated. Facts After the court of appeal ruled in favor of the two counties, they went further and displayed large and readily readable excerpts of the biblical copies of the Ten Commandments. However, ACLU and others were unsatisfied. They petitioned the two counties at the Supreme Court. In this case, they decided to join the two cases together accusing the two counties of violation of the First Amendment. On their part, the two counties decided to adopt similar resolutions in their deference. Moreover, they argued that ethical backgrounds supported their actions because the state of Kentucky had some laws that indicate, “Christ is the prince of Ethics”. They further argued that they had modified the displays so that they included smaller historical elements such as the “endowed by the creator”, which was entwined in the “declaration of independence” in the US national symbols. The petitioners argued that the displays were invoking religious matters. For instance, they provided evidence that the state of McCreany had some religious citation from the Book of Exodus 20:3-17 Issue The legal issue was to determine whether placing the Ten Commandments or any other historical document on official display at the public walls by any authority amounted to a violation of the federal constitution, specifically the Establishment Clause. Rule The Supreme Court of the US sitting in Kentucky ruled that the cited displays amounted to the violation of the constitution under the Establishment Clause. On their part, the counties were not able to demonstrate that they had not violated the clause. The court ruled in favor of ACLU et al. Reasoning/argument The case was argued before Justice Souter and other judges of the Supreme Court. Justice Souter delivered the final opinion and judgment of