ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In this article, the behavior of a school going child (Chad) would be evaluated in order to understand his communicative behavior. The child is a Kindergarten child being brought up by a single mother. The academic performance of the child has been affected since he lacks communication skills that would help him cope with the challenges of the academic environment. In the case study, the child suffers from a serious problem related to poor academic performance and lack of turn-taking in discussions. This implies that he lacks the verbal communication skills. The child tends to interrupt others when they are talking because he does not give others time to express their ideas in class. The child does not have sufficient skills that would help him do his homework meaning that he lacks the self-concept. Moreover, the child does not associate well with others in class. His peers tend to shy-away from him because of the antisocial behavior. This is caused by negative perceptions towards others. The problem is serious because it has affected the socialization of Chad in many ways. He does not have friends since all of them would avoid him because of his poor communicative behavior. During class time, he does not take time to listen to the views of other students or even the teacher. He interrupts the teacher meaning that he suffers from inferiority complex, which is associated with lack of self-concept. The child does not have confidence because he believes that he should contribute in every discussion for him to be seen as an able individual (Seon-Kyoung, & Doohwang, 2010). In other words, the child is suffers from guilt since he believes that keeping quiet and listening to others would subordinate him. This is a sign of lack of communication skills. Characteristics of the Child’s Communication Behavior A child is able to cope well with the challenges of society in case he or she is able to define his role in society. This entails learning relevant communication skills that would allow him or her interact freely with other members of society. The self plays an important role in development and acquisition of necessary skills needed for survival. Children who are able to define their positions in society have high chances of excelling as compared to those who are confused as regards to self-definition. Research shows that the social-cognitive development of a child starts from the understanding of the physical world before it moves to the comprehension of the theoretical world. This implies that children would first understand the noticeable characteristics surrounding them, including those of their friends before they become aware of the internal processes. The internal processes include the existence of wishes, viewpoints, aspirations, capacities, and outlooks. The way an individual express these internal process affects his communicative behavior. In an attempt to understand how self-understanding
Problem Statement The case study of Crescent Pure reveals that since its acquisition of PDB Beverages, the company suffers from the evident absence of clear positioning in the market. This makes it challenging for Crescent Pure to determine how to communicate the advantages of its products to the audience and compel people to take action (Percy 58). A new effective positioning strategy would help company leaders identify in which segment it is going to compete and what opposition it is expected to meet. Effective redefining and segmenting must be performed in the nearest future to avoid losses of profit. The cost of decision implementation should not exceed the budget of $750,000, which implies that no room for errors is left (Smith 124). Thus, Crescent Pure has to solve its positioning problem to stay competitive and generate revenue. Analysis of the Problem A closer look at the indicated positioning problem reveals that there are several complicating factors (Smith 133):   * The drink is already sold in Oregon and has its audience. This means that the company should refrain from dramatic changes in order not to scare people off.   * The initial goal of the company was to create an organic drink with stimulating herbs and electrolytes, which cannot be ignored when deciding what kind of positioning should be used to achieve maximum effectiveness.   * The majority of the state population stands with a healthy diet. Their commitment to organic food should affect the choice of a positioning strategy.   * The current target audience consists of people aged 18 to 25. The choice of further policy should be predetermined by the peculiarities of these consumers.   * According to various surveys, functional, natural, and refreshing are the major qualities the product features. The problem is that sports drinks positioning would be centered on refreshing while energy drinks strategy would emphasize functionality neglecting natural components. Evaluation of Potential Solutions The first possible solution is to position the company as a producer of an energy drink. It has the following benefits (Campbell 14):   * the market of energy drinks has expanded by 40% from 2010 to 2012;   * their average price is $2.99, which will allow the company to have a competitive advantage as it sells the products for 2.75 per item;   * the major group of energy drinks customers consists of men – the same as the current target audience of Crescent Pure;   * another competitive advantage the company will get is its organic certification. However, this decision also has several drawbacks
Job satisfaction has a link on individual’s characteristics where there are employees who are satisfied by the job than others. This contentment results from an appraisal of what someone does in contentment, with great influence of factors such as payments, promotions at work, class relations and the job that one does (Murray R. Barrick 173). There are models that relate to job satisfaction, which include, situation model that was comprised of the job features due to the similarities in individuals needs. Disposition model, which argues that individual traits relates to the job satisfaction while interaction model considers the environment that one is, happen to influence the job satisfaction. Personal traits have a substantial connection with job satisfaction. In relation to gender, there is no much difference on contentment. High level of education decreases the level of satisfaction especially, when there are no extrinsic remunerations. Age differences have considerable influence on job contentment, due to the change in an individual’s needs and technology while, at the same time, job level has its part to play too. Personality differences play a highly significant role on job satisfaction. Self-efficacy on an individual’s beliefs affects the contentment either to be high or low while the proactive, leads into taking action in advance and ability to persevere until the attainment of best results. Affectivity, which is either positive or negative, leads to high or low satisfaction respectively. Other factors, which also have, a role in job satisfaction include openness, extraversion among others. Research, was done in Republic of Czech on job satisfactions to evaluate how individual’s traits, disposition factors and the state of affairs do affect the same. Methods used include participation, taking of measures on surveys, self-efficacy evaluation and focusing on personality dimensions in the study. In the compiled results, gender does not have a notable difference on job satisfaction but age difference had an impact on contentment. On education level, the results concluded that depending on which level one is, the satisfaction is directly related. On the other hand, job level either high or low also affects the satisfaction at work and the ownership of the company ant its size. In addition, individual’s correlates have an enormous impact on the contentment such as the agreeableness and extraversion. There were similarities in this study with those conducted in USA. However, there was also some dissimilarity, due to cultural diversities. Personal variables do affect the ones job satisfaction in reference to the study conducted in Republic of Czech. In this study, age, education level, gender, companies’ size, personality model and the individual’s self-efficacy were considerations. Different factors influence the contentment that includes working environment, salaries, personal rapport with his supervisors, the nature of job and the social class at work (Murray R. Barrick 174). Employee commitments and the motivations that in many cases lead to positive achievements in any organization do influence job satisfaction. Individual’
HSBC – the World’s Local Bank The concept of marketing segmentation implies that the business or the company will evaluate the market and segment it in the groups of those who are most likely to become their customers. Compared to the mass-market strategies, marketing segmentation does not treat the whole market as potential clients (Weinstein 7). If a company chooses segmentation, it needs to develop unique techniques that will be used to attract the target market (Weinstein 7). In the case of HSCB, the bank needed to review their target market carefully, segment it according to variables in each country, choose the right techniques that would target the consumers efficiently, and position itself according to its slogan “the world’s local bank”. HSBC is not the first company that adjusts itself to the local features and culture: other corporate giants such as Google, Starbucks, McDonald’s, etc. have also used this approach to implement target marketing efficiently. Segmentation strategies can vary and include undifferentiation (no targeting), concentration or focus on a single niche, differentiation (several market arenas), and atomization (one-to-one marketing strategy) (Weinstein 8). It is evident that the company could not use undifferentiation because mass-marketing strategies would not apply to the specific “local” approach that the bank aimed to use. Therefore, marketing segmentation and targeting were the only options that the bank could use. Nevertheless, there is a risk in the HBSC’s position as “the world’s local bank” as it has to deal with thousands of various markets in tens of different countries. Segmentation of each market in every country where the bank operates can easily fail if the bank does not review the target market with the greatest attention. Moreover, each of the markets will require specific targeting strategies that can be completely opposite in two different countries. Moreover, even if the bank selects a successful strategy, it is quite possible that some consumers will find it unappealing. At last, market positioning of the company will also require serious investment and understanding of the local markets, which can be very challenging if one has to advertise its business in more than 85 countries. Nevertheless, the bank seems to have a profound approach to target market because it implements completely different strategies depending on the city (New York vs. Hong Kong). As to the question about the HBSC’s recent campaign, it can be said that it reflects the bank’s aim to establish close relations with its international customers and, at the same time, stress the multiple viewpoints that these customers might have. Nevertheless, the pictures printed as ads might not be as successful as it appears. Since the bank’s customers can only
Introduction Due to economic related challenges or opportunities and need to establish strategic competencies, companies often resort to outsourcing. This report considers the outsourcing options to be explored to ensure Travel Magazine is up and running despite budgetary constraints. Outsourcing involves subcontracting or giving third parties work that would otherwise be done within the organization (McIvor, 2005, p. 7). Many organizations especially in the developing world are tending towards outsourcing. Outsourcing is an easy option but it all depends on organizational characteristics. Considerations in Outsourcing There are many reasons why institutions choose to outsource their operations. However, at the core of the outsourcing decision is desire to develop a competitive advantage or edge. The competitive advantage is gained through being able to focus on core business, enjoying expertise that is not available in the organization, use of technology that would otherwise be expensive investing in, or benefiting from economies of scale enjoyed by the outsourcing partner. Travel Magazine plans to outsource so as to cut start up costs due to limited capital. Outsourcing will enable the company to share assets or use the assets of other companies thus it does not have to invest in the assets. Secondly, outsourcing will enable the company to produce high quality magazines by relying on already established expertise in another company. The company will seek out only vendors with prerequisite experience and expertise for each given outsourced service or activity. The outsourcing process will enable the company to invest the available capital in the core of the business. Outsourcing comes with a number of benefits but there are also numerous challenges or demerits that the company has to consider in making the outsourcing decisions (McIvor, 2005, p. 23). One key concern is the capability of the company to which Travel Magazine processes are outsourced to deliver quality. Unless considerable care is taken, outsourcing could compromise the final product i.e. quality of the magazine. Secondly, control of business of processes should be designed into the outsourcing contracts. This measure is taken into consideration because Travel Magazine as a company could easily loose control over the Magazine if all the core functions are outsourced. The outsourcing contract has to be designed in a way that it secures the company’s independence in the future. A magazine publishing company has to control its information sources. Business Processes to Outsource The outsourcing process starts with analyzing organizational processes to determine which ones are worthy outsourcing. Travel Magazine as a company has a number of functions that it can outsource. The functions include accounting, editorial, photography, publishing, distribution, printing, layout, advertising, editing, articles, etc. due to budget constraints; the company has to outsource at least five functions. The guiding principle for outsourcing any of the processes or functions is its relative contribution to quality for customers, cost reduction and competitiveness of the magazine. The pr
Age, Ethnicity, And Family Types In Astoria, Queens, NYC Astoria is a multi-ethnic middle-class neighborhood with an abundance of Greek taverns and great views of the Manhattans skyline. It has a racial and ethnic composition of Asians, Blacks, Hispanic, and whites. As of 2019, Astoria had an estimated number of 154,400 people. A larger percentage of the population identifies as white, while a minor portion of the population is Black. The neighborhood is a hotbed of international culture with fine dining and a film-related history. It has many small businesses, including restaurants and bakeries owned by Greek. The median age of the current population is 36.1, with a larger population having the ages of 18 to 64. Fifty-one percent of the people are female, while forty-nine percent are male. Astoria is a family-friendly neighborhood that offers everything my heart could desire, including eateries that are good for families. Many family households in the community have no children, and every home has an average of two people per household. Forty-five percent of people in the community are not married, while the rest of the percentage is distributed between married, separated, and divorced individuals. In the community, area residents are entitled to the right to live in a safe and pest-free household. Poorly maintained houses are highly associated with poor health outcomes like asthma and respiratory illness. In Astoria, landlords adequately maintain rent-occupied homes, meaning the houses are free from peeling paint, water leaks, cracking, and other defects. Modes of Transport In The Community The most common modes of transport are by subways, railroad, bike, and walk. Astoria is biker-friendly, and using it as a mode of transportation is a bit faster and more fun. Fourteen percent of the roads in Astoria have bike lanes, and the pedestrian injury is lower. This access to bike lanes makes it easier and safer for bike riding. With the help of CitiBike, traveling has become super fun. Bike trails are clean, nicely paved for the locals to use. Astoria Park is a good place for bike riding having great waterfronts views. I was fascinated by Socrates Sculpture Park; it was perfect for a bike adventure and suitable for taking a walk to unwind. I encountered incredible neighborhoods and diverse restaurants while seeing excellent views without the insane crowding of Manhattan. Walking is the easiest and cheapest form of transport in the neighborhood. Astoria Park, for instance, was super easy to explore on foot, and I was able to see a lot of incredible and beautiful architecture. Boulevard Trolley Line path was a good walk trail with scenic views that is good for kids. The Bohemian Beer Garden is a fantastic place to hang out with friends and family under the leafy trees while enjoying meals. I preferred walking on the trails rather than being in a taxi or on a subway. For public transport, BMT Astoria Line services the whole neighborhood. It runs from 39 th Avenue to Ditmars Boulevard and is now open to the public after years of reconstruction. It is serviced by the N train at all times and W train on weekdays. The locals use these means of tra
Introduction Business experts have constantly criticized the inability of colleges to address the ever increasing gap of what the market needs and what is actually taught in business schools. Additionally, in a period of ethical lapses, moral and values uncertainty, selfishness of the free market economy and scandals connected to greed and unethical behaviors in organizations, business schools, as the main source of future businesspeople, are additionally blamed for much of the unethical behaviors in the market place. For this reason, business schools are under pressure to cultivate a strong sense of socially responsible management among their graduates and reconsider their position as a moral force in shaping future businesspeople with the capability of making ethical decisions (Baucus, & Caryn, 2005). The rising interest in the conduct of business students has been the subject of various studies. Indeed, recent research in this area established that the probability of business students engaging in academic dishonesty was higher than that of their non-business peers. An example of this is a survey featuring over 15,000 students which showed that business students formed the bulk of those who cheated to attain higher grades (Light, 2008). Additionally, studies have proved that most business students believe that they require unethical behavior for them to be able to effectively bring to completion their degrees. Ideally, the beliefs and values of most students are affected by the environmental background in which they grow up. Indeed, various countries and geographic regions and companies, develop different ethical values, principles, norms and individual moral orientations. An example of this can be found in the words of Light (2008) who in a study established that Americans responded to bribery cases in a more ethical manner than their counterparts from Greece. Business Ethics In this paper, ethics will be defined as the principles and values that determine satisfactory conduct in business organizations. Customers, competitors, government regulations, interest parties, and the society, as well as the moral principles and values of each individual determine the acceptability of behavior in business. An example of this can be seen from the example of Enron, which became one of the largest ethical disasters in the 21 st century. Two previous CEOs of Enron, Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling, were found guilty on all charges of colluding to hide the company’s financial situation (Ronald, & Johannes, 2003). While determining the case, the presiding judge said the defendants could be found guilty of consciously avoiding knowing about unlawful activity at the organization. Many other senior managers including Andy Fastow, the Chief Financial Officer of the organization were found guilty of misbehavior and are currently doing time in prison. Ideally, the collapse of Enron took many layers of management pushing the buttons and contentment on the part of employees who saw mistakes being committed but chose to do nothing about it (Ronald, & Johannes, 2003). Indeed, Enron is not a
The case of Global Communication (GC) represents the problem, opportunities and the harm that globalization and outsourcing creates. Many companies in the west have shifted their backend operations to the Asian and other countries as the labor costs are low. When jobs are outsourced from a parent company, it creates layoffs and this is bitterly rejected by the workers unions. GC has financial and operating problems. Its market share has been severely eroded and the market is highly fragmented. There is intense competition and the margins are very low. The management staff has come up with an aggressive growth plan that would target the small business segment. The company is also developing alliances and partnerships with other vendors for effective delivery of Internet enabled solutions. The management team has also made recommendations that to cut down on costs, the technical support call center should be outsourced to India and Ireland. Any moves to outsource the jobs will create layoffs and this is not acceptable to the workers union who has threatened to resort to any means to stop the outsourcing. Moreover, the outsourcing move will damage the company’s philosophy of “Our Edge Is People”. The union leaders are against any forms of outsourcing and its union leader Maria Antex has declared, “Global should look at the Union as a partner. Before making this move, all avenues should have been exhausted. Hiring foreigners to do Union jobs is not the answer.” The paper provides an analysis of various Issue and Opportunity Identification, Stakeholder Perspectives and End State Goals and Vision. It also provides a gap analysis between the end state vision and goals. Situation Analysis Issue and Opportunity Identification The case of Global Communication (GC) suggests that for the company to recover from lost sales through competition, it needs to enter new markets. Various Issues have been identified and the opportunities they present have been listed. Please refer to Table 1 for the details. There are The issues that are identified relate to the erosion of the share price from 28 to $11 in one year. The fall is inline with the performance of industry figures and it has been attributed to increased market fragmentation, increased competition and growth in the small business segment in Internet enabled technologies. Another issue is that there would be worker loss of motivation and the company image will suffer if employees are laid off. The opportunity for GC is it can expand in the small business s