ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nike, a leading brand name in athletics shoes and other apparels, has been facing serious legal, cultural, and ethical challenges in its overseas establishments. Although its marketing slogan “Just Do It” has continually become recognized in popular cultures, with the company making billions of dollars, its operations have become a target for critics especially human rights organizations and anti-globalization protesters. The company has been dogged for a long time by accusations that its products are made in “sweatshops.” An example of the criticisms against Nike is the Global Exchange Special Report titled: “Nike Just Don’t Do It” from an extract published by the Global Exchange. According to the report, “majority of its shoes are manufactured in countries, such as China, Indonesia and Vietnam, where governments outlaw independent unions and have set very little wages, posing ethical and legal challenges to the company” (as cited in Hill, 2009) For instance, the Indonesian government has admitted that the minimum wages paid could not financially support an individual, even worse in Vietnam, the pay is much lesser. On similar counts, young women at a Vietnamese subcontractor work with toxic materials for long hours under excessive heat, noise and foul air. For this, they are paid only 20 cents an hour while the living wage there is at least $3/day, an income that has to be achieved by working for exceptional over-time. Instead of Nike addressing the ethical, legal and cultural issues facing it, it confronted them. The company could have evaded these challenges by offering a wage rate that was sustainable. Hill, 2009 notes that, “the living wage is a cultural expectation which Nike failed to meet that led to protests.” Hill (2009) also observes that “workers with skin or breathing problems had not been transferred to departments free of chemicals and that more than half the workers who dealt with dangerous chemicals did not wear protective masks or gloves”. Nike was portrayed as forcing “children to slavery away in hazardous conditions for below-subsistence wages” (Hill, 2009). Thus, protesters have criticized the company for taking advantage of the child laborers in foreign countries and putting them in harsh working conditions. It’s unimaginable that at the time the company was earning billions of dollars, its laborers were living in deplorable conditions. Even after Nike realized that it was under criticism, although it tried to create a safer work
Abstract The problem of concussion among athletes is not new due to its high prevalence. Still, concussion among high school athletes is of particular interest due to certain reasons. First of all, there is a reporting problem because many students fail to inform a coach or another adult about trauma due to the fear of exclusion from the sport. Secondly, recovery time in case of late reporting takes more time and leads to complications. Thirdly, athletes with multiple concussions are likely to demonstrate worse outcomes than those with a single concussion. The purpose of this research is to analyze recovery periods of high school athletes and compare recovery times of individuals with a single concussion to those with multiple concussions. The study will use a survey for obtaining factual information about participants. Data for analysis will be extracted from medical records of participants. Statistical analysis will allow analyzing variables and compare outcomes for two research groups. Research is expected to reveal disparities between recovery time of athletes with a single concussion contrasted to multiple concussions. The study findings will contribute to further research in the field of high school athletes’ trauma and recovery. Introduction A concussion is a highly prevalent form of traumatic brain injury and a frequent cause of referring to an emergency department (ED). For example, in 2013, there were nearly 2.8 million TBI-related ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths registered in the United States (Taylor, Bell, Breiding, & Xu, 2017). For the period of six years from 2007 to 2013, rate the s of TBI-related ED visits grew up by 47% (Taylor et al., 2017). During 2012, 329,290 children aged 19 or younger need treatment for sports and recreation-related injuries, which comprised a diagnosis of concussion or TBI (Coronado et al., 2015). The situation is threatening because from 2001 to 2012, the rate of ED visits of young patients aged 19 other younger for sports and recreation-related injuries with a diagnosis of concussion or TBI increased more than twice (Coronado et al., 2015). One of the possible reasons for this tendency is that athletes are monitored more closely than they have been in the past (Register-Mihalik et al., 2013). One of the peculiarities of concussions is the recovery time, which is different for each student-athlete and depends on a variety of factors such as post-concussion return to play or multiple concussions (Marar, McIlvain, & Fields, 2013). Thus, student-athletes who receive multiple concussions are expected to have longer recovery time than those students who have only suffered one concussion and the side effects such as post-traumatic headaches are likely to affect those patients more frequently. Discussion A concussion is defined as “a complex pathophysi
Introduction Tailor-made work programs are working schedules or programs that are aimed at a specific category of people or workers. For instance, workers need to have certain qualifications and skills to handle various tasks. Most of these work programs are developed based on close cooperation with organizations aiming at providing human resource development strategies (Stuttgart Institute of Management and Technology Para. 1). The programs focus on specific needs of an organization. Production systems represent knowledge in the form of rules and facts. Employment arrangements refer to the nature of working schedule. In illustrating the effects of these programs to young people, the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley provides a working basis of the paper’s arguments. These programs are categorized as either full time, casual, part time, seasonal, contract, or self-employment among many others. As the paper reveals, these programs have affected young people, students for instance, in a negative way. Effects as Revealed in the Novel There are many negative effects that tailor-made work programs have had on people specifically the youth. Therefore, many people, authors, playwrights, and even filmmakers have sought to address the effect as a strategy of communicating to the youth on the need to make proper use of the available resources that governments are providing them with since they are all made for their benefit in the future. Aldous Huxley is an epitome of such people who have had a fair deal of the negative effects that the programs on study have had on the youth. Therefore, in his novel, Huxley writes about various aspects that affect the lives of young people. Technology has shifted the behaviors of people and society at large (Aiman Para. 3). Technology has become engrossed in the lives of people to the extent that it has changed the society by making its people happy and less concerned about their freedom. For instance, as the play reveals, Mustapha Mond used to be an independent scientist, but now he only reads the Bible and Shakespeare. He is of the view that humankind’s ultimate goal in life is to be stable and happy. Therefore, this kind of life has led to his to loss of morals, dignity, values, emotions, and loss of humanity in general. Huxley says, “And if ever, by some unlucky chance, anything unpleasant should somehow happen…to make you patient and long-suffering” (12). Therefore, according to Huxley, tailor-made work programs have negative effects on the society especially the young people. The society gives the youths discretion to choose what they want to do. Technology has made young people acquire new ideas that sometimes affect their morals. The author uses soma drug in reference to the freedom that the society has provided. The young people
Globalization has come with an immense impact on how we manage our political, economical, social, and cultural differences. With globalization, companies have no option but to go global as well. There is always a need to have some employees from mother country to foreign land to help in laying the ground for the company’s operations. The expatriates’ relocation to foreign land comes with associated risks such as a change in culture, political situation in the foreign land, state of the economy, health, and education of the associated family members, and housing. The other headache to the expatriates is how to get information to address their concerns about the country they are relocating to work. According to Mead & Andrews, (2009), health and safety are of utmost importance to expatriates when traveling overseas for duties. The persons going overseas should liaise with their foreign affairs offices to get vital information about their health, safety, and emergency preparedness before they travel to the foreign country. It is also imperative that the expatriates get country-specific information in-order to get up-to-date facts on local food, water safety, and recommended vaccinations. One can access information from Center for Disease Control (CDC) website. Another source of information that can be of great help is the “study abroad safety handbook” normally used by students but can as well serve the same purposes to expatriates (Mead & Andrews, 2009). Concerning safety while traveling, there are flight safety tips that passengers should always know. They advise on safety measures while on flight and even when they reach their destination. Another source of information is the Regional Security Officer (RSO) stationed at the embassies that guide expatriates and their families on personal safety and provide them with required resources. Therefore, it is advisable that upon arrival to your host country, make sure you meet the local RSO to discuss your new place of residence and seek his/her advice on safety. Fellow expatriates and local colleagues can be of great help, as you can seek vital information and direction as to matters concerning personal safety. The person traveling to the foreign country can enhance his/her safety by seeking information about the new destination through internet and persons who in the recent past visited the same destination (Mead & Andrews, 2009). Aswathappa & Dash (2007) advises that some of the basic steps before leaving for the host country are: One should make sure their insurance policies are up to date and make solid arrangements for the payments of premiums. Writing a “will” which may help in case the unexpected happen in solving property disputes. Make efforts to acquire cell phones that allow access to the most commonly used systems in your home country and provide number through which the relatives can contact you. Expatriates should take insurance policies for equipment that they will use while abroad such as laptops, binoculars, camera
Stress refers to the way the body reacts to demands. The demands can be external or internal. The body releases chemicals into the circulatory system in reaction to these demands. Many college students experience stress due to the study demands and social demands. I know I am under stress when I feel overwhelmed with schoolwork, feel fearful, loose concentration, lack motivation and feel tired. The symptoms I exhibit are headaches; isolating myself from my friends, mood swings, heavy drinking of alcohol and insomnia. The symptoms can be categorized into three groups. There are three types of stress symptoms- physical, behavioral and psychological. Physical stress symptoms are digestive upsets, headaches, insomnia, fatigue, colds, restlessness, increased substance abuse, increased heartbeats, and appetite loss among others. The psychological stress symptoms are anxiety, anger, crying spells, suicidal thoughts, depression, irritability, mood swings and others. The behavioral symptoms are resentment, loneliness, isolation, low sex drive, nagging, manipulation of people, lashing out and others (Stress and the College Student, 2004). I try to cope with the stress I experience by ensuring that I finish my assignments in time. This ensures that I have adequate time to finish the assignments and this gives me an apple time to research and organize my work. I also try to read for an examination way ahead to avoid the last minute rush that always left me feeling, as if I cannot make it due to the limited time left before the examination. I also make sure that I am at the top of my studies by attending all classes in time. This has helped me to follow what the lectures teach and I do not have to go looking for notes from my colleagues later. I also try to speak to my friends even if I feel the need to isolate myself. By speaking to my friends and doing things together with them, I realized I become more relaxed and worry less. I also started exercising, this helped me to feel more relaxed, and this helped me to concentrate more in class. This in turn has helped me to understand and improve my grades. I am now motivated to work hard and achieve the highest grade possible. I also try to get enough sleep. This is because most of the time I am up doing schoolwork or socializing which leaves me with less than three hours of sleep, most days. My desire to get more sleep is due to that knowledge that an adult needs about eight hours of sleep everyday. My overindulgence in alcohol has also contributed to my lack of proper sleep and so I have cut down on the amount I take during the weekend and cutting alcohol intake completely during school days. This has enabled me to ha
Introduction In the history of the Americans, agricultural pesticide use has been associated with the farmers that live in the rural areas. The rural community population has exhibited an increasing trend since rural farmlands have also increased throughout the nation. This has contributed significantly to the increased usage of agricultural pesticides that has been recorded by the various bodies in the agricultural sector. Most of the pesticides that are applied on the crops have the ability to diffuse in the atmosphere due to their relatively high volatility. Other atmospheric factors such as the movement of air cause the transfer of the pesticides from one region to another. Consequently, most people have been exposed to such pesticides. This has become a controversial issue not only in the American community but also in other regions of the world. Exposure to the chemical causes some health problems such as eye and gastrointestinal irritation. Other health problems that are associated with the exposure include frequent headaches as well as fatigue, a phenomenon that has been rampant among people who live in areas with high atmospheric pesticide concentration. This paper gives a detailed account of the usage of pesticides in California putting into consideration several aspects that are associated with the phenomenon. The aspects include the effect of pesticide use on the environment as depicted in human health and the economic significance of the phenomenon. It outlines the approaches that can be effective in reducing the use of pesticides as well as an economic analysis of the same. It also gives the factors to be considered when carrying out a cost benefit analysis of the reduction the usage of the pesticides besides giving the recommendations. Pesticide Usage in California The global crop protection market has recorded annual sales, which have been valued at nearly $31 billion. The United States accounts for 25% of the sales. Research has shown that between 1992 and 2000, there was no remarkabl
Introduction Edward has been referred to my facility by a judge. I have been asked to assess if the client is fit to stand trial in the court of law. For the last three months, Edward has been a patient in my facility. However, this time I have been ordered to undertake a competency evaluation on him. During February last year, the client had been arrested for murdering John Wilson and Jane Wilson. After he had been arrested, he was convicted of two counts of first-degree manslaughter. His medical records indicate that he had a history of mental health treatment. According to medical reports, Edward was not taking his psychotropic prescription at the time he committed the murders. Given the information provided, what else would you want to know about Edward? Based on the information offered in the case study, it is apparent that I should gather more information about the defendant before meeting him. In the case study, an arrest report, a witness report, and a behavior report have been provided. For appropriate assessment, I should gather more material concerning the nature and quality of relations between the defendant and his counsel. Through this, I will interview the attorney of the accused to identify if Edward has been cooperative with him or her. I will also like to know more about Edward’s social history. More information about his academic background, substance abuse, and past criminal justice involvement will come in handy during the evaluation process. Whom would you want to interview for collateral contact about him, and what information could they provide you to help determine competency? I would like to interview his attorney, close friend, girlfriend, and relative for collateral contact about Edward. A meeting with the lawyer will offer more information about the defendant’s concerns. The interview will also provide crucial information about Edward’s cooperation. Through the meeting, I will be able to inform his lawyer about the consequences of the defendant‘s rej
Today, there are significant numbers of veterans who are homeless in the United States. The National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that homeless veterans are between “130,000 and 200,000 on any given night, which represent between one-fourth and one-fifth of all homeless people” (National Coalition for the Homeless 1). Also, many veterans still struggle with high rates of rents. This situation increases veterans’ risks of becoming homeless. Further, there might be possible concerns for veterans in other related areas. For instance, women veterans, veterans with disabilities, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and traumatic brain injuries face high risks of becoming homeless in the future. It is important to note that many veterans from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan already indicate such symptoms (National Coalition for the Homeless 1). At any given night, over 131,000 veterans are homeless while a significantly higher number may experience homelessness within the year (National Coalition for the Homeless 1). There is at least one homeless veteran among three homeless persons. In short, nearly 40 percent of homeless people are veterans. However, this figure fluctuates as different organizations provide different figures. Overall, the fact remains that the number of veterans is on the increase, and it is imperative to understand how heroic, daring, strong soldiers slip into retirement of homelessness. Therefore, this essay explores the underlying causes of homelessness among veterans. Veterans have to endure adverse impacts of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. In some cases, they may experience traumatic brain injuries alongside sexual trauma. War experiences drive veterans to lives of exclusion and isolation. Consequently, they are prone to outdoor and unsheltered lives. The drive to live outdoor lives could result in long-term, chronic homelessness among many veterans (Leatham 1). In addition to stress disorders and brain injuries, many veterans could also experience other mental conditions. Mental problems are partially responsible for homelessness among many veterans. In some cases, the need for seclusion may drive veterans away from home or any support. This results from traumatic war experiences. Also, veterans may fail to get any support from psychologists. Such mental conditions may also result in joblessness among veterans with the outcome of homelessness. A closely related risk to mental condition is substance abuse among veterans. The National Health Care for the Homeless Council notes that several veterans struggle with challenges of substance abuse and alc
Introduction Fight Club brings into perspective many issues that affect contemporary society. Themes such as consumerism, materialism, fatherliness, capitalism, rebellion, and conformity dominate the setting of the play. This study focuses on the issue of capitalism that is exhibited through the power struggle in the novel. The narrator highlights the issue of capitalism as the main problem in society. Other elements, such as rebellion, materialism, and consumerism emanate from the struggle to overcome capitalism. Project Mayhem Project Mayhem, as highlighted in the novel, is formed with the main aim of bringing down civilization in society. The main character in the novel has the idea of recruiting individuals from different backgrounds who have similar intentions to bring down civilization and fight the forces of the corporate world. Project is used by the members of the club to express the level of dissatisfaction with certain issues in the society (Palahniuk 78). This is exhibited by the destructive activities carried by the members of the project. In the beginning, the narrator tries to convey the fight as a mischievous behavior of the members. This indicated by the narrator’s quotes such as “I drive better when I’m drunk” (Palahniuk 102). However, as more people join the club, it graduates into terrorism. The members of the project destroy everything in society from cars to buildings (Palahniuk 79). The project is also portrayed as revenge against capitalism. For instance, the narrator indicates this in his sentence when he says, “I am Joe’s smirking revenge” (Palahniuk 78). Satire The events and themes in the plot of the novel enable the author to create satire in the story. He uses the characters to create an issue of discontent with the condition of masculinity. The male characters in the novel have been portrayed as individuals who are dissatisfied with their state of masculinity. The absence of fathe