ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The issue of equal rights between women and men over the years has become a debating issue in the society. This is in respect to the involvement of both men and women in social, political and economic aspects. This issue has now become of debate internationally just like “HIV and Aids”, “Terrorism”, and “Global Warming”. The subject being; women have been the fewer beneficiaries of the social, political and economic goodies that come with it such as holding top positions in offices, making decisions as their male counter parts, and the notion that women are viewed to be just homemakers. However these discrepancies are apparent, it seems that this is beyond equality rather, it is superiority verses inferiority between male and female which has influenced one sex to be on the higher or lower receiving end in terms of tasks and role undertakings. To this point, it bring out a discursive topic whether women are equally able to do any task, fulfill any role just like men, and whether any unequal abilities suggest that women are inferior to men. Body To start with, I quite disagree that women are equally unable to do any task or fulfill any role just like their male counterparts. By nature men and women are created physically and even physiologically different; men are masculine making them physically stronger, aggressive and outwardly oriented. In contrast, women are usually not masculine and they embody the ideal of internal dignity which makes them not to carry some tasks equally as their male counter parts. Take an example of a woman who is a carpenter. It’s rare to find one and if there is any, it’s just a few. This doesn’t mean that women are inferior to make good carpenters; only to a few talented women who can make one as compared to virtually all men who can be carpenters. In line with this, it is wrong to interpret the Bible that a woman is second to man merely because man was created first or because the woman was created from the man’s limb. The hierarchical relation with the man being the first to be created and then the woman, is not justifying that men are superior to women in any undertaking, rather each sex must be themselves, know that God created each of them with unique abilities with which they should take advantage on and complement each other in doing the tasks which the opposite sex is not able to carry (Rabbi Para. 2-6). Aristotle argument that men are superior to women probably might not have led to the interpretation that male dominance in the rule of society to be as a result of women being inferior rather it’s that act of dominance which makes one group to look superior to th
Age The lesson is targeted at children that belong to the age group of toddlers. According to the existing taxonomy suggested by Piaget, the infancy stage lasts toddlers are aged 1-3 (Swim 465). Therefore, the age of the target audience ranges from 2 to 3 years. Topic The topic of the lesson is colored, starting with the primary ones (particularly red, green, yellow, and blue). Learning to discern different colors is critical for learners since it allows them to study the properties of the environment around them and explore them in depth (Nilsen 322). Therefore, the ability to identify basic colors should be seen as essential in toddlers. Objective The key objective of the lesson is to teach learners about colors and the means of discerning them. The objective currently includes providing information about four primary colors (red, green, yellow, and blue), while the information about the rest of the colors will be provided to students later. Goals The goal of the lesson is to teach students to differentiate between four basic colors (namely, red, green, yellow, and blue) and be able to name them, respectively. Moreover, by the end of the lesson, learners are expected to be able to identify and name the colors of various objects. Activities The teacher prepares a small area in which objects of the specified colors (red, green, yellow, and blue) are stacked and invites the children to sit in a circle around these objects. The teacher picks an object and tells the students about the red color. Afterward, the students are suggested to select other objects and name them (for example, a student may pick a red ball). The same procedure will be repeated for each color individually. After a short break, the teacher encourages the learners to revise the information. Then, the students are asked to sort objects based on their color. At this point, a teacher may notice that some of the students are already familiar with the concept of basic colors, while others struggle with grasping the concept. Thus, the teacher will need to focus on scaffolding the latter, simultaneously keeping the former invested by providing them with more complex task and even suggesting them to support their peers in learning. The final activity will involve singing a nursery rhyme about colors. Using the song “If You’re Wearing Something Blue,” a teacher will check whether the students have learned the colors. Specifically, as the children sing, “If you’re wearing something red, clap your hands,” the students wearing red will clap their hands; the same will appeal to the parts about “blue,” “green,” and “yellow.” Thus, the teacher will be able to see whether students have learned the basic colors. After the lesson, it will be reasonable for the teacher to collaborate with parents and encourage them to ask their children about colors. It is desirable to continue the activities involving naming the colors of objects and similar tasks at home so that the students could b
Introduction The concept of unknown unknowns has been gaining increasing importance within both scholarly literature and empirical efforts on risk management within the recent decade. In essence, unknown unknowns refer to the situation when certain types of risks that are not readily predicted within the project management plans and therefore represent a fraction of risk which cannot be effectively quantified. For more clarity in conceptualizing unknown unknowns, it is important to mention that this term implies unknowns unknown specifically by the one or a group of decision-makers of a project, as the same risks can be identifiable by either outsiders or some other stakeholders. In the recent news, we can see the impact of unknown unknowns on a wide variety of topics –from the detrimental effects of hurricanes and the events on stock exchanges to political election results. In each of these cases, one single unidentifiable event can challenge the well-being of countries and regions and undermine the course of trends which are commonly considered to be determinate. One of the good examples of the unknown unknowns is the 2014 plane crash in Brazil which killed one of the most probable presidential election winners of the time Eduardo Campos (Bonato, 2014). As a result, the local financial markets suffered a temporary downturn, and the level of political volatility was increased. This specific unknown might also be having an impact on the course of political and economic development of Brazil in the subsequent years. While the majority of the existing models are not reliable in handling unknown unknowns, there exist methodological solutions suitable for finding them out in specific situations. These methods and tools are mostly project-specific and should be therefore applied to the risk management process on an ad hoc basis, taking into account the operating environment of the project and each of its elements. The structure of the subsequent paper will be as follows. First of all, some of the traditional models of risk assessment and management will be explored to set the context for further discussion. This will help to see how the case of dealing with quantifiable risks is different from the handling of unknown unknowns. Secondly, the concept of the unknown unknowns will be explored in details, with a further section explaining the key two types of such risks – the knowable and unknowable unknown unknowns. Then, a short section will highlight how the majority of the traditional models are not suitable for identifying unknown unknowns. The largest sixths section of the paper will be concentrated on the variety of methods and tools from the literature which were found
Introduction The United Arab Emirates is globally known for its technological prowess and the application of the same in various sectors. Consequently, the country has made significant investments in Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is the future of technology. To ensure that industries and citizens are ready for the full implementation of the innovation, UAE has created the National Strategy for AI. The plan acts as a foundation listing all objectives crucial in achieving related milestones. Moreover, it supports the UAE centennial 2071, which ensures that the region is ranked as the best country in innovation by 2071 ( UAE National Strategy , n.d.). It is also important to note that this AI strategy will significantly impact UAE’s economy, education, and government development. One objective of the national strategy is to build a reputable name as an Artificial Intelligence destination. The other important listed goal is training talents in preparation for future jobs that will be AI-enabled. This implies that all industries in the country are supposed to fully embrace the plans meant to make AI an integral component of UAE’s operations. The Fourth Industrial Revolution Strategy The Fourth Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant milestones in securing future developments in the UAE. The component presents exceptional opportunities and numerous issues that should be evaluated, improved, and implemented. Consequently, the country aims to become a technology hub where interested parties worldwide can visit and collaborate in innovation-related experiments ( The UAE Strategy , 2021). The strategy’s vision is to become a global lab for exper
The following is a comparison of two characters, Ulysses and Gilgamesh. Both are characters of epic stories where Ulysses is the main character of the Homer’s epic, who is one of the most famous heroes of the Greek epos. He is also known to the general public as Odysseus. Ulysses is shown as a brave warrior who participates in the fight against the Trojans, in the Trojan War. Gilgamesh on the other hand is a character of Andrew George’s epic, which is a translation of the Sumerian mythology so that people in the modern world can understand it. Gilgamesh is an adored icon in the Sumerian society , he was a hero and many perceived him to be a god (George 56). The following is a brief comparison between the two characters on their similarities their differences with ea
Jon Gray, the co-founder of the Ghetto Gastro in the Bronx, challenges the public’s perception of his home. Being born during hard times, Gray could have easily become a victim of economic oppression and the lack of social policy. Despite the environment he was born in, Jon Gray created the Ghetto Gastro , which idea was to bring people to the Bronx. All of this was created because people should embrace and be proud of the place they were born in. Sinéad Burke wants to give people a new perspective on the world they live in. Being born 105 and a half centimeters tall, she quickly noticed that the world was not designed for her. The design impacts all the simple things such as chairs, coffee shops, and bathrooms. Everything that seems ordinary to people inhibits her autonomy and independence. Sinéad Burke challenges the idea that the design is just a tool for function and beauty. Contrary, design affects people’s everyday lives and inhibits vulnerability in those whose needs are not considered. Greta Thunberg explains why the world today is in high need of changes. Just at 16 years old, she noticed how much the world is in danger. Rich and developed countries have all the resources needed to change the world and prevent disaster. However, these same countries keep being ignorant and continue to invest in constructing roads or factories rather than developing environmental policies. The problem is that the climate crisis has already been solved, and the only thing left to do is to take action. To change the world, people need to educate one another on the issue of climate change. Simple actions such as investing in education and developing climate science might positively impact the climate crisis. Various teaching methods such as debates, group projects, and field trips have already been proved effective (Monroe et al. 801). Children and teenagers are the future, and only they can influence the outcome of the issue. That is why the education and engagement of the children in the climate problem are so important. Work Cited Monroe, Martha C., et al. “Identifying Effective Climate Change Education Strategies: A Systematic Review of the Research.” Environmental Education Research, vol. 25, no. 6, 2019, pp. 791-812.
Aim The essence of performing this experiment was to ascertain the degree of infestation of Staphylococcus aureus in the general public (students). Introduction Our bodies form a natural habitat for pathogenic strains of staphylococcus aureus. The degrees of infestation vary on our body surfaces with much concentration biased towards the nasal cavities (Toshkova 19). Even with their presence, their effects remain insignificant not unless their threshold capacity, which depends on one’s occupation, is exceeded. As such, it has been established that their concentrations per population fall within a bracket of 10-40% and 50-70% for the general public and hospital staff respectively (Lonneke 14). For these groups, excess of these concentrations represents a health hazard in their respective areas. For food handlers, it may result in food poisoning thus calling for microbial screening as a precaution. Also, screening is done on hospital staff to avert any secondary infection. To investigate their presence, sterile swabs are used to collect them from their respective areas of habitation. This is followed by a recovery procedure using Mannitol salt agar (MSA) which is later followed by a series of isolation and confirmation tests. This method is vital in unearthing the root cause of disease in case of an outbreak. Materials/ reagents Hydrogen peroxide, nutrient agar plate, coagulate tube, specimen (students), a streaking loop, Mannitol salt agar plate, sterile swabs, and incubator. Method Taking the nostrils as their most probable location for their presence, sterile swabs were used to collect the strains after which they were cultured in MSA (selective media). This was then followed by streaking of dilute using a flamed loop after which it was aerobically incubated for 36 hours under temperatures of 350 C. A microscope was used to observe the presence of opaque colonies encompassed within bright yellow zones were investigated. For the student (s) whose test would turn out positive, gram staining and catalase test were to follow. The ultimate test would be the plate coagulase test which would be performed only when the previous test would turn out positive (Toshkova 20). A nutrient agar would be used as a sub-culture to obtain enhanced pure colonies in case of insufficient colonies. All the positive results were later recorded for analysis to determine the concentration of the group tested. Results Table 1: of concentration of Staphylococcus aureus in student population from the year 2010 to 2012. year          Bundoora Campus  City Campus   % S . Aureus concentration Bundoora Campus  % S . Aureus concentration City Campus No. Positive  Total No.        No. Positive  Total No.                                  Students      Students         Students      Students                                   2012          40               104           47                                          135                                     38%    34.8% 2011          14               80            32                                          140                                     17.5%  22.9% 2010          16               71            52
Introduction McDonald’s in Germany is a part of the successful chain of fast-food restaurants that closely follow the other American and the European model. There are more than 1211 McDonalds restaurants in Germany and the restaurants cater to millions of customers. The business model followed in Germany is a mix of company-owned restaurants and franchised restaurants. This paper provides an analysis of the McDonalds restaurants in Germany with special emphasis on the advertisement features and campaign that the company uses. ich liebe es (I love it) The ‘I love it’ campaign was launched on September 22, 2003, and this was a global campaign targeted at Mcdonald’s customers across all countries. The German advertising company, Heyes designed the campaign. The budget for the campaign was 100 million Euros. The campaign was aimed at the 15 to 24 age group and included a number of print, TV, and banner Ads. A public casting call was announced for people to participate in the Ads and over 15,000 applications were received out of which 24 were chosen to appear in the Ads. Sample images of the Ads are given in the following table (ich Liebe es, 22 September 2003). Table 1. Sample Ads from the ich Liebe es Campaign (ich Liebe es, 2003) Figure 1. Sample Ads from the ich Liebe es Campaign (ich Liebe es, 2003) Figure 2. Sample Ads from the ich Liebe es Campaign (ich Liebe es, 2003) Schro¨der (Schro¨der 2005) has argued that McDonald’s is the single largest fast food retail chain in the world. The core brand philosophy is defined into three easy concepts: Food, people, and fun. The brand essentially stands for a combination of unique food products, customers, employees, and the atmosphere in which this happens. The brand stands for one of the easiest everyday pleasures in life. It conveys the philosophy that Ray Croc wanted to convey when he set up McDonald’s as a lifestyle brand. The author suggests that Consumer value plays a crucial role at the heart of all marketing activity of Mcdonald’s as it refers to things of value that have been created for a specific market. Product Levels Consumer value is a very complicated concept as it integrates a number of possible product quality attributes, process-related attributes and less tangible sources of value, and the brand image. The product level is defined at different levels such as nutritional, sensory, and hygienic. In addition, there are other attributes such as credence attribution, ethical attribution, and environmental protection (Dibb 2001). The standard McDonald’s menu of burgers and fries has been supplemented with chicken breasts, salads, fruit, organic milk, and free-range eggs for breakfast. The company distributes leaflets that promote the daily consumption of five portions of fruit and vegetables. The following table gives a broad breakdown of various product and menu items that the company provides. The offerings shown may differ be different in some restaurants and some of them may not have all the items that are mentioned. Main menu                                            Hamburgers
Introduction Business enterprises often seek to achieve market leadership in their respective businesses to enhance their chances of profitability. One way through which organisations gain such leadership is by adopting globalisation (Gomory & Baumol, 2009). This is a business strategy whereby firms focus their market activities beyond their home markets as they target to capture advantages present in foreign countries. These may include low labour costs, unexploited markets, cheap market supplies, or even diversifying against business risks related to domestic business cycles (Yip & Hult, 2012). The home appliance industry has experienced globalization immensely. Majority of the globally renowned manufacturers, including companies such as Bosch, Whirlpool, Siemens, LG, Samsung, and Indesit have all adopted a global strategy where they set up operations in foreign markets. This strategy has enabled the players to exploit the cheap labour markets in countries like China at low operation costs. Most organisations have shifted their production from the developed world to China and other developing nation due to their high labour costs in their home countries (Harrisson, Széll, Bourque, 2009). This paper seeks to elaborate extensively on the globalisation strategy adopted by business enterprises by referring to Indesit Company. Indesit is an Italian home appliance brand that is currently focusing on the global market. The Indesit Company: A Multinational Enterprise Indesit is headquartered in the eastern region of Italy in a city known as Fabriano. Its market operations, however, spread in different countries. These foreign markets include the United Kingdom, France, Poland, Turkey, Russia, as well as the Scandinavian countries. Indesit has established several affiliates in the foreign markets as a multinational enterprise (Indesit Company, 2013). The affiliates draw on resources that are commonly utilised by the company, including the patents, trademarks, company assets, information, as well as the human resources. The company also has a strategic vision that is common across the entire group of affiliates. The Internationalisation of Indesit Indesit mainly gained a foothold of the international market by way of acquisitions. Indesit acquired Stinol in 2000 after building appliance plants in Eastern Europe, as well as Asia. This was a Russian company that helped Indesit gain the opportunity to exploit the Russian market. Equally, the company acquired General Domestic Appliances (GDA) in 2002, which was the main manufacturer of Hotpoint within the UK. This also presented an opportunity for the company to set its presence and operations within the UK. Reasons for Indesit transforming into an MNE Indesit sought to diversify its operations as a means of cushioning against the risks, as well as uncertainties that abound its operations within the Italian market. The Italian market had other established home appliance manufacturers, such as the Indesit brand, Smeg, Philco, and STAR. These compan