ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction International trade has enabled nations to get raw materials and finished goods from other countries. Economic, political, and social activities have been enhanced through trade relations among countries (Sourdin 2012). America trades with almost all countries in the world in terms of importing or exporting goods or services. The America Defense Force import shoes from Asia, and this has led to debates that would lead to the improvement of local industries to ensure these products are sourced from American companies. This essay presents an analysis of an article about the military shoes and local manufacturers and the economic effects of promoting local shoe manufacturing industries to supply the products. Article Analysis James R. Hagerty and Ben Kesling argue that America has the potential of manufacturing missiles, nuclear submarines, and fighter jets, but it surprises most critics that the military that uses this equipment but find it difficult to trust local companies to supply safe sneakers. However, the Department of Defense has come to the rescue of local industries and agreed to consider their bid to supply these shoes (Hagerty and Kesling 2014). The local manufacturers did not have the capacity to produce some shoes; therefore, there was an amendment in 1941 (the Berry Amendment of 1941) that allowed the Defense Department to buy items that were not manufactured by American companies. The comfort and safety of soldiers’ feet were the most important aspects that were given attention when selecting the quality of shoes for the military. These authors argue that lawmakers from Massachusetts, M
The search for newer, faster and smaller computers has been on for many years. In 1804, Joseph Jacquards, a French man, invented an attachment to the mechanical loom for weaving clothes. He realized that the design found in a woven cloth followed a fixed repetitive pattern which was a program. By punching holes at specific patterns and intervals in cards attached to the loom, he was able to control the threads, reducing desired patterns and hence storing information by punching the cards (Chronology of personal computers, 2010). In 1833, Charles Babbage designed a steam powered device which was called an Analytical Engine which was a special purpose machine that could perform specific calculations. The Analytical engine was a far more sophisticated general purpose computing device which included five of the key components that performed the basic of modern computers. These are:   * Input devices that were used to punch cards that contained instructions or data.   * A processor/Calculator/Mill-this is where all the calculations were performed.   * Memory unit also called a store where data and intermediate calculators could be stored.   * The control unit which controlled the sequence in which operations operated.   * The output devices-this is where Babbage got his results. Charles contributed by developing the problem solving instructions that the engine would follow while doing calculations (The history of computers, n. d). Hollerth’s Census Machine Hollerth developed a machine that automated the tabulating process. The machine combined electricity with Jacquard’s method of storing information on punched cards. Whole representing census papers information was punched on stiff paper cards. Burroughs Adding and Listing Machine Burroughs invented the 1 st adding and listing machine. It had a full numeric keyboard and was operated by hard crank. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) It was large in size and complex. It was a room sized machine that used 1800 vacuum tubes as internal components. It had independent cutis for storing program instructions and numbers. Several mathematical functions could be performed at once by modern standards. It had limited storage capacity, limited memory and did not store instruction as modern computers. Each new programme required rewriting its program circuit
Introduction The film, If these walls could talk 2, is a chef-d’oeuvre narrative highlighting the evolution of challenges that have been bedeviling lesbianism from the 1960s, through the 1970s, to the 21 st century. The film is divided into three sections with the first one occurring in 1961, the second one is 1972, and the last one in 2000. Every section underscores the challenges and issues that surrounded lesbianism at the time. In the first vignette, which occurs in 1961, the representative issue is the ridicule, scorn, and illegality that surrounded lesbianism during this time. In the opening scenes, some kids scold Abbey and Edith for walking hand-in-hand across the streets, which shows that society was intolerant of such behaviors at the time. After Abby dies, Edith destroys any evidence that they lived as a couple. She does not want Ted to realize that his aunt, Abby, lived as a lesbian and this aspect shows that lesbians had to live under the constant fear of reproach from society. In addition, Edith cannot claim part of their house as it is under Abby’s name even though she contributed equally towards the mortgage. The law at the time could not allow Abbey and Edith to register the property as spouses, and thus Edith loses her property. This aspect underscores the illegality that surrounded lesbianism in the 1960s. Main body The second section, which takes place in 1972, highlights the conflict that arose between feminist groups and lesbians in the early 1970s. At the time, feminist groups felt that lesbianism was not part of their agenda, which created conflict between the two groups. In addition, at the time, lesbians were against the butch and femme roles, and this aspect explains why Linda’s lesbian friends cannot stand Amy’s attire at the bar. Apparently, Linda’s lesbian friends are ironically homophobic, as they cannot stand one of their own wearing masculine clothes. As lesbians became vocal and bold to express who they were in the early 1970s, they had to deal with some sort of homophobia, which comes out clearly in the way Linda’s friends treat Amy. In the last section, the challenges have changed and the pertinent issue is how to have babies as lesbians. Fran and Kal do not face the issues that surrounded lesbianism in the 1960s and 1970s as society has become tolerant of the issue. However, Fran and Kal are torn between choices on how to get children. The legal framework surrounding the aspect of having and raising children at the time is complex. Therefore, the two do not know whether to go for a sperm donor or sleep with their male friends. In addition, they do not know where to have the kids. The connection between Lorber’s book and
In the present day, the minority market, whether African American, Latino, Asian, or mixed-race, may be regarded as the global market’s fastest-growing segment. That is why a substantial number of companies currently undertake efforts to reach it. This tendency would not exist if targeting minorities was not a sound business practice. However, first of all, it is necessary to admit that any discrimination based on race and ethnicity or the exclusion of particular groups of people concerning marketing is unacceptable. Nevertheless, those companies that pay particular attention to the needs of minorities have considerable chances for success. In general, targeting minorities will be an inevitable business strategy in the future as social sustainability that implies inclusion, non-discrimination, and human rights protection will be an obligatory part or even the basis of any company’s growth and development. Thus, when it recognizes that “diverse perspectives and backgrounds are a strength, rather than an inconvenience” and makes workforce diversity its overall brand identity and public image, targeting various groups, including minorities, will be right and fairly (Hyder, 2017, para. 4). In addition, the minorities’ buying power is subsequently growing all over the world, and this fact should be considered as well. It is already possible to notice how organizations that target minorities and tailor their offerings according to people’s needs succeed in the local or international market. For instance, Pizza Patrón offers a special menu, including the Frijolera pizza, on Mexican Independence Day and accepts pesos for payment (Hyder, 2017). Coca-Cola which has a marketing branch focused on Latinos and Blacks launched a digital cooking and health series aimed at African-American mothers in 2015 (Next America Staff & National Journal, 2015). In the same year, Procter & Gamble targeted Black girls and young women through the My Black Is Beautiful campaign (Next America Staff & National Journal, 2015). In turn, McDonald’s has a specific marketing branch for Black customers that sponsors community events and produces minority-targeting social media campaigns.
What is the primary and secondary issue/s? Primary Issue Poor Company Policies It is only after John, currently working in the Attractions Department, voices out his concern about the unjustified scheduling of vacations that this concern is recognized as a unanimous problem by all the departments. It is therefore apparent that the park’s policy dictates how the scheduling of vacation days is done. This policy does not act in favor of the park because it promotes discontent and inequity among the staff members. The policy to schedule vacation days is based on longevity; thus, it does not give all the staff members an equal chance for selection during the scheduling of vacation days. Secondary Issues Poor scheduling of vacation days The various departments of the park do their vacation scheduling based on seniority, and this has stirred up resentment among the workers. As a result, there is dissatisfaction within the departments and some of the staff members intend to leave the park. Resentment Five senior engineers out of the fourteen in the Attractions Department of the Maintenance Division are the only ones with the privilege to freely choose their vacation days, including the major holidays. The other nine engineers do not have the freedom to choose their vacation days. As a result, there is resentment among the staff members in this department, and this affects the turnover rate for personnel. High staff turnover John and some other colleagues were thinking of leaving the workforce already, yet they have only stayed for a relatively short duration. The park will lose important staff members like John, who was selected for the Costa Rica trip due to his exemplary performance. What should and can be done short-term and long-term to address the issue/s? Short-term Intervention Notifying the general manager The managers of all the departments will need to work together and inform the general manager about the plight of the workers about the poor scheduling of vacation days. Withdrawal of currently scheduled vacations The general manager should write a memo to the department managers, stating that the currently scheduled vacations should be revised to avoid further stirring up of trouble among the personnel. The managers are the best persons to address the issue at the moment within their different departments. This will give managers the chance to implement the various agreed-upon suggestions for a later ultimate solution. Reassurance The general manager should write a memo to the staff members apologizing for the irregularities caused by the current vacation scheduling system. This is a gesture of respect and appreciation for the staff members. It also means that their opinions are highly regarded; thus, creating a working atmosphere of peace and encouraging the staff to work hard towards a similar course. Deliberation Each department should deliberate on a better way to schedule for vacations during the usual routine meetings. Upon agreement, the calendar of vacation days will be prepared as agreed. This will not interrupt the dail
The depictions of Christ in modern artworks are not irregular, yet they are often not accurate in favor of dramatic effects and viewers’ interest. By taking an in-depth look into these artworks, scholars can gain an insight into how the majority sees the events described by Biblical sources. One of these movies – The Passion of the Christ by Mel Gibson – presents a challenging case due to several factors. Being one of the most controversial and one of the highest-grossing films of all time, The Passion of the Christ is a piece of art worth analyzing. This essay overviews this film, examines how the writer adapts the Gospel accounts into his work, and discusses discrepancies with the source. Mel Gibson decided to focus the entire length of his movie The Passion of the Christ, which was released in 2004, on the last day of the human life of Jesus. Gibson’s portrayal of Jesus as a human being that experiences inhumane torture is one of the key aspects of this film. Jesus Christ experiences multiple temptations that promise the avoidance of the inevitable gruesome demise, yet he refuses them stoically (Gibson, 2004). This stoicism serves as a basis of the message that the author intended to deliver with this film. Jesus experiences flashbacks that bring him back to the time when he was spreading the word of God, and they give him the strength to endure his lot (Gibson, 2004). In turn, his torments and eventual death help others to accept God’s truth and defeat the devilish figures behind this treacherous act (Gibson, 2004). The suffering of Jesus plays a crucial role in this film, which has drawn numerous negative reviews (Calvain, 2017). However, this focus has been chosen by the author due to his belief in the fact that suffering can be the key to redemption (Calvain, 2017). In The Passion of the Christ , the depiction of Jesus aims to portray him as a relatable character who endures great pain to provide salvation for others. While the events depicted in the movie have been described by all Gospels, there are differences that can help viewers to trace the origins of the film to a particular Gospel. Specifically, many images invoked by the author are linked with the Gospel of John. For example, Jesus’s flashbacks during his flogging take him back to the moment when he washed the feet of his disciples, which replaces the Last Supper in the Gospel according to John. This scene in the film bears a unique context, as Jesus distances himself from the pain inflicted on him to remember the closeness and intimacy of the Christian community that gives him endurance (Lundberg, 2009). There are scenes that point towards the presence of other Gospels as the sources for Gibson’s work, although they are less prominent than the Gospel of John. For example, the scene of Pilate, who washes his hands in a futile attempt to distance himself from the guilt of prosecuting Jesus Christ, is taken from the Gospel of Matthew (Holderness, 2014). The depiction of viole
Salespeople are agents who work on behalf of their principals to promote and sell the latter’s products. There are several options for motivating the salespeople in their work. A commission-based compensation program is one of them, where the salesperson receives a percentage of the number of sales made out of his efforts as compensation. Sometimes the salespeople receive a fixed amount of salary plus the commission. In other cases, the commission is only received for the number of sales that exceed a predetermined threshold. Commission-based compensation is useful in motivating salespeople, especially in industries whose sales cycles are not characterized by uncertainty. Stock options are also incentives that motivate the salespeople by enabling them to share in the long term success of the companies. Increased levels of sales translate into increased profits, hence increasing the firm’s value. Hence, the salespeople are motivated to increase the sales levels to increase their worth in the companies. The use of bonuses is another way of motivating salespeople, where additional compensation is given to them after hitting a predetermined target sales level. Quotas are set by the companies, and salespeople become entitled to bonuses for exceeding the quotas. Ratcheting of quotas should not happen as it demotivates the salespeople. Ratcheting is the act of raising the previous quota levels once the salespeople attain them so that they only get the additional compensation for reaching the new targets. The use of cumulative quotas motivates salespeople as they can add more effort during subsequent quota periods to attain cumulative sales targets and become entitled to bonuses. The timing of rewards is an important factor in motivating the salespeople. The shorter the payout periods, the more motivating the compensation plan is for the salespeople. Another motivating factor for salespeople is the use of non-monetary incentives such as recognition, such as gift cards or skiing trips. A company that uses a combinati
Introduction For the world to be sustainable in the short run and in the long run, resources have to be distributed equally among all people.Ideally, the concept of equality is effective in ensuring that the resources that are available within a given societal setting are utilized in a sustainable manner hence meeting the needs and requirements of every stakeholder. However, this is not always the case within our societies. The concept of segregation has always been applied in the utilization of common resources within a given societal setting. In the contemporary world, segregation is based on gender, race, culture, religion, and background (OTV, n.d.). As a result, there are individuals who believe that they are more superior to others due to their race, religion, or family backgrounds. In this respect therefore, this paper will focus on race and the effects that it has within the society. Race When travelling by bus, eating in a restaurant, watching a football match in a stadium, attending a lecture or stuck in traffic, we are always surrounded by other people. Despite our differences, we always notice one inevitable distinction; race. We always tend to classify people based on their skin color, hair form, the shapes of their bodies and as well as the shapes of their eyes. As a result, we end up classifying people as African Americans, Asians, Latin, or White. Moreover, people have always linked race with other internal differences within individuals such as intelligence and athleticism. It is due to such beliefs that some individuals believe that there are races that are more superior as compared to others bringing about social stratification based on race. The United States of America comprises of many races. To ensure its sustainability, the constitution of the United States of America aims at achieving equality for all. However, given the high rates of racism within the
Through the years, a large body of knowledge has been attained on what the Bible and other naturalistic and scientific disciplines teach about creation. Although many people, especially Christians, do not want to engage in the often heated debate about creation, it is imperative that such a topic is discussed since it not only enlighten the faithful about the purpose of God in creation, but it also serves to separate the true theological doctrine from science and other dogmas. It is imperative to note at this early stage that creation theology is undoubtedly evident in the Holy Bible, but the doctrine of creation was nurtured in the early centuries of the church (Russell para. 1). It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate creation theology as expounded in the book of Genesis, with a view of understanding what God meant for us. The theology of creation as reflected in Genesis presents the Church’s thinking and views about the relationship between the almighty God and the physical world as it is informed by our own comprehension of the Holy Bible coupled with the observations of nature (Lienhard 23). According to the author, Genesis 1 teaches that one omnipresent God summoned the world into existence, and that all of creation, created by the all-powerful God, responds to His call. Of fundamental importance is the fact that God’s creation as seen in the Book of Genesis has order and structure, and is inarguably transfigured to reveal God’s presence. However, the creation is natural, not divine, and Adam and Eve’s sinful nature at the Garden of Eden reveals just that. According to House, it is in Genesis “…that the fact that God is the only creator, indeed the only deity, begins its key role in biblical theology” (6). In more than one way, other successive doctrines flow from the truths in this Book, and all are founded on the principle and understanding that God is the creator. Christians must therefore receive and process the knowledge through the art of human reason, but ultimately, they must accept the knowledge as true by faith. The fact that the church of Christ has long confessed creation as a key ingredient of faith is undeniable. Indeed, Genesis 1-2 bears one of the guiding principle of all Biblical Theology – that the true “living God of the Bible is the maker of heaven and earth, of all things whether seen or unseen” (House 6). It therefore follows that the creation, according to Genesis 1, is inarguably dependent upon the Creator for all of the authority and capacities under its possession, and for its continuous existence in the universe (Lienhard 27). The creation must honour and pay tribute to the Sabbath, the almighty God’s chosen day of celebration and rest since this very special and holy day is anchored in the act of creation, that is, after God created all
Information is always a key component for an economy to function by acting as medium and ingredient of propelling economic growth. Information, unlike other components of an economy which their use leads exhaustion and eventual replacement, is more regenerative in that its use leads to development of new ideas. The source remains intact and there is room for modifying the information to new level. Thus, information is a commodity that is always increasing compared to other limited resources of an economy. With the ever-advancing high bandwidth digital networks technology, information is being reproduced and improved in millions of ways from place to place at every available time (Rowland, 2006. P. 401). With this advancement in technology in this information age, information is very accessible and it is not a scarce resource. In economics, all commodities used in the production of a substance are generally viewed as scarce, and are priced and reflect in the final cost of the final substance. Although initial generation of the original piece of information may be high, reproduction and sharing of information is less costly or even free. These conditions make it very difficult for the economist to price the value of information in marginal cost of a product. Due to availability of information, placing restrictive ownership on information is hard, though with applications of copyright or patent laws the information can be made scarce and available only to those who have paid for it (Rowland, 2006. P. 402). The copyright laws normally are devised to help in pricing efforts and they create unusual scarcity of information. Considering that, in the existing competitive market, economies having informed customers have a competitive edge, revealing whole or part of the product information is important in order to win loyal customers. This necessary revealing of information makes the marginal cost of information to be greatly reduced or even tend to zero. Fundamental changes in society due to discourse of information economy First, the debate on use of artistic or intellectual property has been extended from economical scope to political and other avenues, with one group favoring promotion of just the arts and writers interest while the other favors creating scarcity by enforcing copy right laws, to further their profit motives (Rowland, 2006. P. 403). The first idea would involve making the public pay some amount, which is generally small when accessing the content through download or other means. When this idea is applied, it might not be successful due to availability of related materials free in other web pages. Secon