ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The United States of America is one of the world’s leading countries in terms of the development of science, research, technology, and medicine. The citizens and residents of the United States have access to multiple high-quality services and procedures helping them address the existing health problems, prevent the potential ones, and minimize possible risks. However, as advanced as the US healthcare is today, it has some weaknesses and overlooked aspects compared to the foreign healthcare systems. In particular, the state’s northern neighbor, Canada, seems to have a better-organized healthcare system that is in some ways superior to that of the US. To be more precise, the Canadian post-abortion care policy (PAC) offers services and takes into consideration problems that seem to be ignored in the United States. One such issue is the provision of post-abortion counseling to women (and sometimes men) experiencing the need for emotional support and facing mental health risks. Public Health Problem Identification Following the definition provided by the World’s Health Organization, abortion refers to “the termination of pregnancy from whatever cause before the fetus is capable of extra uterine life” (ALARM International Program, n.d.). Moreover, there exist two kinds of pregnancy termination – the spontaneous one (caused by the anomalies and pathologies preventing the normal development of a fetus), and the induced one (initiated due to a deliberate decision) (ALARM International Program, n.d.). Abortion is widely recognized as one of the most controversial issues in health care all around the globe. In some countries, abortion is prohibited by law unless the pregnancy is a threat to a woman’s life; in the others, there are laws restricting abortion. In Canada, there is no abortion law, which means that the procedure is legally unrestricted; in fact, it has been legal for over three decades (Prasad & MacQuarrie, 2015). When it comes to the history of the abortion policy in Canada, before the 1980s, for a woman to undergo the procedure terminating a pregnancy, the permission of a four-member committee of doctors was required determining that the pregnancy was a threat to the woman’s life (Cohen, 2013). However, at the end of the 1980s, this regulation was struck down by the Supreme Court of Canada as restricting the women’s constitutional right to liberty and security (Cohen, 2013). Various provinces of Canada may have different rules as to the period of gestation when pregnancies can be terminated; also smaller areas and islands may have no clinics performing abortions, and so the women seeking the procedure can be sent to another location; yet, there is no place in Canada where abortions are prohibited by law. Also, in the article by
Introduction The portrayal of the Irish Diaspora in major films, tales or other literary works bears a sense of resemblance, whether the work is factual or fictitious. This follows a number of stereotypes connected with it. While some hold true, others are mere speculations founded on negative ethnicity and racism. One cannot neglect at this point, the creation of characters in the Irish Diaspora, as holding some of the values that make sense in their ancestral homes. These include a seeming sense of celebrating lawlessness and violence motivated by a struggle to overturn the social order. The Irish are identified through certain things as being Catholics, a tendency that opposes anything to do with modernity as well as certain things like the celebration of rites as those of marriages. There are different art works used in the defense of these arguments. These include a movie such as John Ford’s “The Quiet Man” produced in 1957, McDonald’s book “All Souls”, among others such as Peter Carey’s “The True History of the Kelly Gang”. As the paper unfolds, ‘Irishness’, defined by poverty, is more than just a matter of genealogy. [1] Adverse poverty in the Irish Diaspora Ford’s “The Quiet Man” Considering that John Ford is of an Irish origin, his portrayal of the Irish Diaspora can be seen as really appealing to the Irish –American’s, whom they share the same sentiments about their lives in the Diaspora and the ideal life they consider to be like in Ireland. In this movie adapted from Maurice Walsh’s short story “The Green Rushes”, Ford seems to be giving a sentimental and rather nostalgic tribute to Ireland considering the manner in which he romanticizes everything in the film to achieve his agenda. Comparing the life in the Diaspora with the actual life in Ireland makes the viewers share a sentiment with the main character in the film, Sean Thornton, testifying that he regards Ireland as his heaven while he suffers in the Diaspora. [2] Based on this movie, it is clear that overt poverty characterizes the life of the Irish in Diaspora exposing the Irish immigrants to living life in ways that they would otherwise have avoided if they lived in their home country [3] . For instance, Sean Thornton in this movie is compelled to become a boxer where he kills an opponent unintentionally while involved in a pay fight to sustain his life in Pittsburg. He decides to hang his gloves and return to Ireland to live a peaceful life without having to fight anyone for a living. Ford exposes the capitalistic nature of most of the host countries and more so the USA, where Irish immigrants find themselves in difficult situations that force them to employ life threatening measures to ensure that they survive. Even though this aspect of violence seems to reappear after returning to Ireland, it is clear that Ford intents to contrast the situations as they are in Pittsburg to those in Ireland for the simple reason of preferring the rather traditional setting to the more industrialized capitalistic scenarios in the host cou
Research topic The research statement assesses the level of hygiene awareness in Saudi Arabia and delves into how well prepared in terms of hygiene are the people of Saudi Arabia. The argument for the choice of topic Bern et al. (1992 p. 712) suggested that micro-organic pathogens cause the spread of food poisoning, and therefore the preventive approach is the best way to combat food disorders (Green & Tillotson 1997 p. 158). Most households are free from governmental inspection, and according to Mishu (1991), there is a need to upgrade the hygiene standards in families (p. 192). Furthermore, the authorities should make it mandatory for all food vendors to comply with hygiene standards. The topic is inspired by the fact that while most literature is concerned with the effects of hygiene, there is little that has been studied in terms of how hygiene awareness helps in the prevention of food contamination. Importance of the Research The research is crucial as it seeks to uncover ways in which public health in Saudi Arabia can be improved. In order for the Ministry of Health to be able to deliver its services properly, it is essential that the problems facing public health are clearly understood. The research also forms a benchmark from which regulations applied to available restaurants can be reviewed for the purpose of safeguarding public health. Furthermore, it seeks to bring out issues that need to be changed in the public health sector. Background There are different factors that call for hygiene concern in Saudi Arabia, and it should be noted that seasons play an important role in determining when the hygiene levels drop (Oni et al. 1991 p. 254). For example, during Hajj, the level of hygiene reduces typically, and this could be due to the upshot of the population in the area. The hot weather that exists in Saudi Arabia is also a contributing factor because, when the weather is hot, the pathogens get optimal breeding conditions (Guthrie 1992 p. 50), which in turn leads to the multiplication and high rise in infection level. The primary aim of the research The primary aim of the research is to establish the extent to which hygiene awareness in Saudi Arabia helps in the prevention of disease. Major objectives The main objective of the research is to find out the extent to which Saudi Arabia is hygienically prepared. The study will also seek to determine the policies and the measures to be taken in order to keep up with the standards of hygiene. Proper hygiene is a preventive measure to food poisoning disorders (Rowe et al. 1997 p. 108). Major findings Hygienic food handling is essential in ensuring that germs do not infest the food, bearing in mind that germs are transferred via different means (Green & Tillotson 1997 p. 158). In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Health is responsible for checking the hygiene standards in public restaurants (Pelto 1991 p. 257); they do this through inspection and education of the members (Frost et al. 1996). Some studies have shown that hot seasons offer a favorable temperature
Abstract The successful deployment of a given geographic information system (GIS) work demands extra care to be taken while designing spatial databases by using conceptual data modeling. Such projects require an in-depth understanding of the fundamental spatial data model. The traditional database technology sees entity-relationship diagrams as a restricted form of depicting the system’s data model because these diagrams tend to clutter various types of spatial relationships. With research conducted on spatial databases and networks, this paper aims at highlighting the details of Spatial Database and the systems which are developed and based on Spatial Databases. The detailed conception of spatial databases and the roles of such databases in developing a proper geographic information system will be evaluated. The major part of the research study will focus on the review of the three primary papers namely “Preference Queries in Large Multi-Cost Transportation”, “Locating Mapped Resources in Web 2.0”, and “Approximate String search in Spatial Databases”, documented by an independent team of researchers. The emphasis is mainly given on how spatial databases are helpful for the systems and applications built for geographic information systems. Overview Spatial database management applications and systems are intended to effectively and efficiently manage geographic data. This geographic data consists of images, points, geometric shapes, lines, the topological connections between them, as well as attribute information. Recent years have witnessed the application of spatial databases to a vast array of diverse application domains such as agricultural domain, forestry, urban infrastructure, mining, resources and energy allocation, transportation, land management, and so on. The data represented by spatial databases is getting more diversified with advancements in several fields such as remote sensing, GPS (Global Positioning Systems), etc. Much attention is paid to the spher
Astutopia is the name of the aspired New World Order. This world aims to end global warming marked by overpopulation, which has gradually depleted the environment and associated resources. The guiding symbol is shown below; this symbol represents the land envisioned by the ruling government. This land can only be attained if everyone works hard to support the cause. The New World Order aims at reducing the current population by half, and thereafter, it ensures balance is maintained by conducting IQ tests once in every 10 years to get rid of less smart people. The IQ tests evaluate the smartness of individuals using transmitters that are connected to the brain, and smartness is assessed based on three strikes: economic, logic and efficiency. Failure in either one of the strikes is an indicator of stupidity. The number of newborns each year is closely monitored by the government. This New World Order ensures that the little resources left can be salvaged and used to restore the environment. It also dictates that members of one district should not interact with members of another district to prevent a revolution. Ministry of Plenty The have-nots (not smart people) work tirelessly in accordance with the objectives of the haves (very smart). Upon completion of assigned work to the satisfaction of the haves, the have-nots are given some money, just enough to meet their basic need for food and hoping for a better future. This hope is enough to keep them working for the good of the aristocrats. Education and hospital needs are received by only those people who show their identification cards that are issued by the smart. The parent of any child spotted without the card is thrown into the dungeons of death. The dungeons of death are mining valleys where anyone violating the law works for the rest of his or her life until he or she dies. People in the dungeons are provided with water, and the heavy work here is intended to slowly suck all the energy from their bodies until they die. There is no communication with one another, and any slight sluggishness is met with several lashes. Ministry of truth The dungeon of death acts as a consistent reminder of the consequences of violating any one of the teachings approved by the Ministry. The Ministry develops teachings and doctrines in favor of the ruling government, and all institutions act as propagation media. The education system reinforces the essence of the dungeons, and the aim is to instill fear within the children so they can adhere to laid down teachings and doctrines. Teachers help in the selection of very smart persons, and the birth of smart people is controlled using tubes and the IQ tests. Individuals who pass the IQ tests are allowed to give birth while those who fail work in the mines or other menial jobs like farming and cleaning. Ministry of Love Anyone who tries to disagree with the objectives of the ruling class will be instantly killed while his or her relatives will be thrown into the dungeons of death. Research Stability of governance will be reinforced using su
The Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Perceived Performance The menstrual cycle (MC) phase has a significant impact on athletes’ perceived performance. Carmichael et al. (2021) indicate that menstrual cycle phases have adverse effects on training and competition for 50–71% and 49–65% of athletes, respectively. Additionally, certain phases of the MC, such as follicular and late luteal stages, change the apparent speed, power ratings, and strength of athletes. The decline of perceived performance in the mentioned phases is associated with menstrual symptoms like pain and concern about flooding. Serotonin production during early follicular and late luteal phases explains the augmented perception of fatigue and distraction, which are risk factors for reduced performance. Carmichael et al. (2021) note that low levels of estrogen during these phases reduce the amount of serotonin produced, leading to fatigue and impairing competition and training performance among female athletes. Effects of MC Phase on Anaerobic Performance The effects of the MC phase on anaerobic performance vary among female athletes. While few studies reviewed by Carmichael et al. (2021) show that anaerobic performance varies with the MC phase, most of them demonstrated that the latter has no effect on the former. Most performances that take a maximum of 3 minutes are rarely affected by any phase of the MC. However, Carmichael et al. (2021) found that sprint performance, peak power, and vertical jump height increased during mid-luteal, ovulatory, and follicular phases, respectively. Elevated levels of estrogen during the ovulatory phase raise force production, leading to increased peak power. Notably, tasks such as multiple jumps and sprinting remain as well as performances that demand rapid force production unaffected across MC phases because tissue stiffness does not change. Effects of MC Phase on Muscular Strength The MC phase has a varying effect on the athletes’ muscular strength. Carmichael et al. (2021) indicate that hormone concentration is an essential factor that can explain the change in muscular strength during certain phases of the MC. Estrogen and progesterone concentration during the early late follicular phase increases strength performance. However, other studies reviewed by Carmichael et al. (2021) show that muscular strength outcome is higher in the mid and late luteal phases than in the early follicular phase. The MC phase effects on muscular strength also depend on limbs. The dominant handgrip strength increases during the menstrual cycle’s late follicular phase. Additionally, changing the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio is insignificant in the dominant limb but is lower in the non-dominant one during the late follicular than in the late luteal phase. Effects of MC Phase on Aerobic Performance Menstrual cycle phases have varying effects on the athletes’ aerobic performance. While few studies reviewed by Carmichael et al. (2021) demonstrate that MC impacts aerobic performance outcomes, most of them concluded that it has no effects on the latter. For instance, th
Even before the American revolutionary war, which occurred from 1756-1763, Britain had already begun maintaining its global openness. Great Britain began reducing its trade barriers during the 1820s. Its international supremacy rose during this time. Even though, Britain lost most of its colonies during the American Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, its economic policies rose above the United States as well as other European powers in the international affairs (O’Brien & Clesse 2002, p.352). In fact, the economic liberalization policies made it possible for Britain to maintain supremacy in the international affairs (Lance & Huttenback, 1986). Hegemony can be described as the liberalization of international economic and financial systems. Conventionally, the term was used to describe the imperial euphemism. It was used to describe the role of a leader of the economic unions or an alliance primarily formed for economic reasons (O’Brien & Clesse 2002, p.321). The major difference between hegemony and empire is that empires have absolute authority over the subjects. They control economic, political, and social well being of the subjects. In contrast, hegemonic powers do not go beyond borders. They majorly concentrate on the provision of international public goods (O’Brien & Clesse 2002, 321). The major question is how Britain managed to maintain its hegemonic powers even after the cessation of most of its colonies. That is, after the American Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. Britain lost these wars simply because of the economic constraints experienced in both debt and resources. However, the empire had good infrastructural facilities. The loyalty in most colonies were reasonably sound and stable (Bobbitt, 2003). During the American Revolution, a majority of the colonies maintained their loyalty to Great Britain. In addition, most colonies that were annexed appeared to be in the political and economic disarray. In fact, these colonies were not unified. The colonies’ governments were largely economic and political impotent to have total control over the world in terms of economic and political affairs (Bobbitt, 2003). The result was that Britain maintained their economic supremacy and political influence through alliances with its former colonies. America later came to have control over the international affairs. However, their relationship with Britain still suggested the role Britain played in the international affairs (Lance & Huttenback, 1986). The way Britain maintained its control over the international affairs was based on the intellectual change in commercial policies that took place immediately after the Napoleonic wars (Paul, 1989). In other words, Britain changed its economic policy from the mercantilist foreign economic policy to the revolutionary laissez-faire economic liberalism initiated by Adam Smith. This new trade policy played a crucial role in shaping the Britain hegemonic powers. This was after the loss of the American colonies and most of the European colonies during the Napoleonic wars. According to various scholars, Britain did no
Executive summary The modern constantly changing market environment might pose a significant threat to the functioning of any company which is focused on the acquisition of great incomes and improvement of its positions. For this reason, the investigation of the current market situation, its peculiarities, and the main features of the target audience becomes crucial. The given paper delves into the operations of a printing press company in the Philippines and provides readers with the crucial information needed to improve the comprehending of its functioning, pinpoint the problem, and provide the data that should be processed to create an appropriate solution and make a conclusion. Finally, the paper contributes to an improved understanding of the current market environment. Introduction The organization under the investigation is a printing company Millennium Printing Press that was founded in 1988. It is located in Galas Quezon City, Philippines. Since the first stages of its evolution a company had several customers interested in its services. It was headed by Mr. Stephen, and later his son Stanley took over the company and reconsidered its functioning (Kim 2014). However, at the moment, Millennium Printing Press faces some significant problems as there is a significant need for some improvement because new and more efficient equipment should be used. In this regard, the creation of the appropriate solution to this problem becomes one of the basic tasks of the companys heads. Target Market Identification Investigating the environment in which the company functions, it is vital to admit several basic aspects. First, the target market is rather complex. There are numerous competitors which also try to obtain a competitive advantage and continue their growth. San Miguel Yamamura Packaging Group (SMYPC) provides similar services and is characterized by a strong position. It also has the largest packaging firm in Australia, which makes it more powerful. Papercon Philippines is another rival that operates in the same environment and competes with Millennium Printing Press. Several smaller firms might pose a threat to the companys rise. F