ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
23andMe was founded in 2006 by Anne Wojcicki, Paul Cusenza, and Linda Avey with the aim to offer genetic testing to their customers. The company set two primary goals, the first of which was empowering individuals to control their health by gaining access to their genetic information. The second purpose was accumulating data from genetic tests into a single database with the help of which healthcare professionals and researchers could create cures for illnesses. Also, 23andMe hoped that their option would be beneficial for government health agencies which could identify the population groups most threatened by some diseases and would encourage preventive measures. In 2007, 23andMe expressed the intention to sell single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip genetic testing kits straight to consumers. Two other companies announced such a plan: deCODE Genetics and Navigenics. The message was accepted with concern on the part of physicians since they were worried that there could be many cases of false positive and false negative results. Another issue was that customers might misinterpret the DNA tests, particularly when evaluating their risk of specific illnesses. In a few years, both deCODE Genetics and Navigenics had been acquired, but new competitors entered the market, such as Pathway Genomics, BGI Shenzen, and Gene by Gene Ltd. In 2013, Angelina Jolie took the test and shared her results and apprehension with the public. Her example inspired millions of people to perform the test, find out about any serious genetic predispositions, and prevent their development into diseases. The company’s funding came from several sources: Google Ventures, Johnson & Johnson, and venture capitalists. Apart from that, 23andMe won three grants from the National Institute of Health to investigate asthma and allergies. The organization collected $125 million by 2013. In December 2012, a new investor, Yuri Milner, added $59 million of financing, which allowed decreasing the test’s price from $299 to $99. As Wojcicki remarked, such a price opened a door of access for many people who wanted to live healthier lives. The company’s customer acquisition was comparatively slow, with only 35,000 individuals buying kits by 2010. In 2013, the numbers grew, and research indicated people’s intention of performing the test in the nearest future. As of April 2013, 73% of the US citizens who had not purchased the test expressed the desire to take it soon. 70% of the survey’s participants expressed the desire to obtain data on health condition risks. 55% reported the willingness to change their lifestyles on the basis of results. At the end of 2013, the FDA sent a warning letter to 23andMe informing the company that under the agency’s regulation, the kit was qualified as a medical devi
Introduction Being a professionally responsible person is quite a challenging task as it requires a lot of hard work and certain inner qualities necessary for the successful fulfillment of varied tasks set by the executive management. It often happens that the employee’s willingness to be a professionally responsible person is challenged by some serious difficulties such as moral conflicts, someone’s incompetence, and so on. In the following paper, important points which are to be taken into consideration in order to be a professional and responsible employee will be examined. Overall, after evaluating varied facts it appears that to be a professionally responsible person one is to acquire due knowledge about one’s work, combine it with good discernment and under sense, and support all of that with great teamwork skills (in case the work is to be done as a result of cooperation with the other people). Main text First of all, discussing important points which are to be taken into consideration with regards to being a professionally responsible person, important skills and capabilities are to be addressed. Employees are to be skilled in accomplishing their professional tasks. Among the other important skills and capabilities of a professionally responsible worker is the ability to be trained including self-trained skills. This is very important as the working process is closely connected to progress which never stops. To be able to go step in step with technologies and working strategies applied in the area of one’s work the employee is to engage in the process of constantly enlarging the body of one’s knowledge. In addition, a professionally responsible person is to have excellent communicating skills applied with due respect to his/her fellow workers; and the better these skills are, especially in terms of his/her speech clearness, the better results in the work and maintaining healthy working climate will be achieved. This is explained by the importance of mutual understanding between the team of workers. A professionally responsible person is to know how to gain his team’s trust as trust is another vital condition for the success of any business relations. Besides, a good worker is to be able to create and support a positive atmosphere in the collective body. Such a positive atmosphere will add to good communication between all the participants of the working process, thus, establishing a firm ground for successful cooperation. A positive atmosphere is very important because it guarantees better acceptance of managerial directions. Further, the professionally responsible person understands that he/she has certain moral responsibilities at work. With regards to this fact the following comment appears to be very interesting
Introduction Renaissance is translated from Latin as rebirth or rediscovery, in fact, the period was marked with the revitalization of Antiquity in social sciences and art. Renaissance painting, on the one hand, originated from medieval depiction of religious themes and stories as well as from Ancient Greek and Roman patterns of human beauty, freedom and value, clearly demonstrated by the Renaissance artists Therefore, I would expect to find in the capsule Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” and Rubens’s “Venus at the Mirror”. Both paintings are close-knit with the social ambience in the Renaissance era; due to the rapid popularization of humanism among the so-called bohemia circles, the view on human nature substantially altered: human-beings were no longer viewed as basically sinful, moreover, human body was regarded not merely as ‘flesh’ (Ackerman, 1991, p.38), physical substance, but rather as an embodiment of beauty and harmony. The proportions of human body were also reviewed: for instance, Rubens increased the width of human body, implying the permissiveness of hedonist lifestyle and the beauty of woman’s natural shape, whose glorification was prohibited in the Middle Ages. Another important element of the Renaissance art is the depiction of nude characters – such as those from ancient myths: Venus, Mars, Proserpine and so forth. The appearance of naked body no longer seemed shocking, as the artist skillfully manifested its harmony as well as the balance between ‘flesh’ and ‘soul’ (Ackerman, 1991, p.53; Land, 1994, p. 118). Renaissance also stressed human personality, the inner world, given that the studies of human nature, or psychology, began to progress, so the artists of this epoch depicted unique human-beings with mysterious emotional worlds just like “Mona Lisa” by Da Vinci. Main body With regard to the weakening of religious influence over secular community and the decline of the reputation of the Catholic Church, secular music awakened during the Renaissance. Therefore, I believe I will find the book of Claudio Monteverdi’s madrigals and chansons by Josquin Des Prez. Given that the poetry was developing very dynamically, madrigals were viewed as the most suitable and appropriate form of vocal performance of verses, so they were normally polyphonic and unaccompanied by music. Chansons had similar nature and were widespread in French secular music. Due to the fact that the bohemia, artistic circles had formed by the 16 th century ad a separate group, madrigals and chansons often served as the accompaniment of private en
Introduction Filial piety entails the following among Chinese children: “respect to parents, taking is of them, burying them properly after death, bringing honor to the family and having a male heir to carry on the family name” (Reese 2003). It is also as per the expectations of the parents that protection will be provided to them as well as the children who fail to offend them. Saving one’s mother in reference to filial piety In a family set up, the idea of filial piety relates to the obligation of subordination of the members of the family to the head of the family. This subordination does not only relay to the head of the family alone, but also to the brothers and the sisters and ultimately to the children to their parents (Spielvogel, 86). The Mulian story of how he saves his mother relies on this concept, the fact that the son is a subordinate of the parent and in this case the mother is the parent. The story is about a son who goes into a Buddhist hell in an attempt to save his mother from the suffering and manages to do it. In the Mulian’s story, the responsibility of the son to the mother is highlighted in reference to the filial piety concept. The indebtedness to the mother is what made Mulian to launch a rescue mission of his mother in the Buddhist hell. The kindness of giving birth and breast feeding by the mother portrays mothers as loving souls and sometimes sons feel hard to accept that their mothers are languishing in hell or in purgatory. The son’s anxiety of repaying the mother who is suffering from unspecified sinful conduct in hell leads to the son trying to save the mother (Cole, 2). The evidence of mothers kindness which is profound and difficult to repay is clearly shown as the son may go to any extent to try and repay it since there is no exact method of payment (Cole, 223). The story brings about the horror that Mulian was feeling for his mother who was suffering in hell and his desire to substitute himself for her own sake. One of the main principles of Filial piety is that human needs and desires of whoever you are subordinate to are observed. in this case Mulian mother was enduring pain in the Buddhist hell which wasn’t her desire so it took the responsibility of the son to find a way to get his mother from the enduring suffering in Buddhist hell. Mulian”s action to cut a part of his body in this case the finger for the sake of the mother alludes to Confucian idea among Chinese filial poetry of the son’s body is a gift from the parent. (Young, 93). Mulian’s action of d
Introduction The family attitude towards the issues care has a long history in the area of giving care. Parents of any family are usually regarded as a part of a socio-cultural surrounding of a child, as they prepare there child for the future, often independent life. Their assessments are grounded on the purposes of bringing up the child, and often depend on the life experience of both parents, and on living conditions. Families offer the emotional security which a constantly changing workforce of professionals cannot offer (McConkey 2003). A family care approach to assessment and bringing up could mean that much of efforts that parents apply to bringing the child up usually can not be documented, and may outline in various consequences. What is documented now is what is considered to be relevant to the “child” in a family context. All family experiences are seen to affect each family member. Helping the family to reach solutions could solve the problems of individuals. A family care approach study could be a useful additional parental skill which would help to provide psychological assistance; to better fit needs with what resources are available; to provide research information about what resources are needed and how they should be structured; as well as to provide a resource, at the discretion of the family, for interdisciplinary work. It may be able to ensure that families are supported in the ways that they choose to manage their lives (Williams, 2002). Nolan and Grant suggest that parents require a relevant practice in order to address all the needs of their children (the needs is meant the bringing up requirements, and the purposes), but first that nurse education will have to change. A family care model could be a suitable practice model but students studying pedagogics would also require counselling, health education and self-care techniques (Nolan and Grant 1998). If families initiate and/o
The data exercise entails collecting and analyzing interest rate data for Estonia. The analysis is carried out for a period of nine years that is, between 2002 and 2011. Interest rate in a country shows the average rate charged on money borrowed. In most countries the interest rate is regulated by the central bank. The bank sets the base lending rate and provides a margin which commercial banks can charge customers for money borrowed. The lending and borrowing rates are different in Estonia. The borrowing interest rate will be analyzed since it has a number of significant impacts on the economy. First, it is a vital tool used by the central bank of Estonia to control the amount of money supply in the country. When the money supply in the economy is high, the central bank can reduce the amount of money in circulation by increasing the interest rate. This is possible since when interest rates are high, investors would choose to invest the money at hand thus, reducing the amount of money in circulation. Thus, there is an inverse relationship between interest rate and money supply as shown in the graph below. Graph of interest rate and money supply Also, interest rate is used by various central banks as a monetary tool to control inflation. Thus, changes in the interest rate can be an indication of money supply and the state of inflation in a country. At a high interest rate, the money supply is not responsive to changes in interest rates. The paper will analyze inflation adjusted interest rate (that is, the real interest rate) for Estonia. Data The table below summarizes the real interest rate for Estonia for the past nine years.                     2003  2004    2005     2006     2007    2008   2009    2010    2011   Real interest rate  1.41  1.15    -1.07    -3.44    -4.64   2.98   10.89   6.99    3.17   Percentage change         -18.4%  -193.0%  -221.5%  -34.9%  164.%  265.4%  -35.8%  -54.6%  Analyzing the data For the past nine years, the interest rate has been erratic and in some years negative. The interest rate declined from 1.41% in 2003 to 1.15% in 2004. This could have an impact of increasing the money supply in the economy since investors would prefer to hold money instead of investing. Also, it will have an impact of increasing money supply in the economy since people will be encouraged to take loans at lower interest rates. Such initiatives may be taken by the central bank of Estonia to stimulate economic growth. Further, such reduction in interest rates creates an inflationary pressure since consumers will be holding plenty of cash that chase fewer goods. Such inflationary pressure caused by an increase in supply in the economy can only be offset by a subsequent production of more commodities so that there is plenty in the market. This will result in real economic growth. The interest rates were negative between 2005 and 2007 and the absolute values of the negative were increasing over the three years. The negative interest rates imply that the banks were paying the borrowers some money. Thus, it will appear like the banks will compensate
Introduction This essay summarizes three chapters 2, chapter 3, and chapter 4. These chapters illustrate various stages of child development. Summary of chapter 1 Chapter 1 deals with different fields of child development and different development issues with the help of different theories. It also discussed the influence of biological and environmental factors on child development. This chapter broadly discussed the various child development studies conducted in the history, in the last century, and recent studies. In the last century’s study about this topic was discussed with the help of social learning theory, Erikson’s theory, and Freud’s theory, Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory. Recent studies were discussed with the help of information processing, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, and Ecological Systems Theory., which discuss the influence of the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and an ever-changing system in child development. This chapter further dwells on a comparison between various child development theories, and different methods for collecting information related to child development. It also mentioned the cultural influence in child development and different social issues related to child development and their health. Summary of chapter 2 Chapter 2 broadly focuses on the biological and environmental factors that influence the development of a child. The process of a child’s development starts right from the stage when it is cocooned in its mother’s womb. In other words, it begins from the formation of a zygote. A zygote is developed as a result of the fusion of two sex cells – the sperm and ovum. As a result of meiosis occurring in the sex cells the normal chromosome number reduced to half. After fusion, however, it regains the normal chromosome count, which is 23 pairs. A human chromosome contains 23 pairs. One is inherited from the father and the other from the mother. The basic element of a chromosome is DNA and gene is the major component of the DNA. Chromosomes are multiplying as a result of mitosis. So each cell in an infant body contains an equal number of chromosomes and the same genetic information. Genes give instructions for the development of proteins, which help the character development of a child. After the formation of a zygote, chromosomes begin to pair up and multiply. Then the chromosomes next to one another exchange the segment through a process called crossing over. As a result of this process, new genetic combinations are formed. This is the reason why offspring of the same parents display both similarities and dissimilarities. The 23 chromosome pairs contain 22 similar pairs called autosomes, and the remaining pair determines the sex of the child. Two forms of the gene inherited from mother and father placed at the same place on the autosome are known as alleles, whose relationship determines the traits of a baby. Among these two forms, one is domin
While most enterprises are established in an exclusively capitalistic setting with the sole aim of reaping as much profit as possible, there are those that target the neglected poor in society with an aim of uplifting this section of society while others still end up profiting form them. Some economists say that social entrepreneurship has creative destruction activities since it breaks all the previously set capitalist rules of defining business like conventional methods of production, market and product structures, and consumption patterns. They then replace them with social and environmental products and services that are of superior quality. This case study is meant to discuss the underlying ethical issues in social entrepreneurship and bottom of the pyramid business enterprises. It investigates these ethical issues in light of particular real life enterprises and their adherence to ethical issues. Business ethics is the philosophical or moral appropriateness of the conduct of individuals running a given organization or the organizations set principles (Prahalad a , 2010). From a normative perspective, it is defined as appropriate corporate practice. This case study seeks to answer three ethical questions in respect to these enterprises, namely:   * Is the enterprise a dependable corporate citizen?   * Does the enterprise conduct any harmful business or unlawful business? This is in regard to both the environment and the society.   * What is the impact of the enterprise to its intended customers? Social enterprises A social enterprise is a business venture that employs capitalistic business skills to achieve social and environmental goals. These are some times referred to as philanthropic goals. They are set up to satisfy a certain social need in a given society. However, this does not mean that social enterprises are not meant to make any profit. Social enterprises are said to be almost similar to non-profit or
Questions                                                      Effectiveness                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      How are you, Jonathan? (B)                                     This is a rather bad question, as it is very generic and does not invite the patient to share his emotions with the specialist. On the surface, the question itself is rather harmless; however, when considering it a bit deeper, especially in the given context, one must admit that asking a suicidal person about their wellbeing may trigger a major backlash. It could be suggested that the person asking questions should be more specific in their query, e.g., “Are you feeling better today, Jonathan?” The aforementioned question invites Jonathan not only to express his current emotions but also to analyze them.                                                                                                                                                                How are you doing with the winter?                             Much like the question provided above, the given one does not do much to forward the conversation between the patient and the social worker; instead, it makes both foci on meaningless trivial. Since the question is very vague, the patient will be unable to focus and, therefore, may become easily irritable, which is highly undesirable for the outcomes of the session. Also, unlike the previous question, it can hardly be improved, since the question already presupposes asking the patient about their plans, i.e., it places the patient into a specific context.