ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In all of these op-ed pieces, the author very convincingly expresses his or her opinion through the use of something that can be called personal rhetoric. That is what makes most of these op-ed pieces similar. The differences stylistically are of device and method, and can be expressed simply by citing directly parts of each article side by side. First, here will be covered the use of personal rhetoric , as it has so been named. It is not but before the first few lines of each piece in which the author establishes a personal foundation for the rest of the article to be built on. Anna Quindlen begins her article “In a Peaceful Frame of Mind,” with this expression of subjective experience: “It was the part about reading that got to me” (Quindlen, “In a Peaceful…”). In a piece designed to express the inhumanity of outlawing euthanasia, Quindlen here established what would be her grounds for considering the politically volatile option. Without getting into lofty intellectual rhetoric, she appeals to the humanity of us all—hoping we will think of that thing we do that makes the arduousness of life bearable being taken by some biological twist of fate. Here, like in all op-ed pieces, there is a high risk of losing audience out of an inability to relate with what has been asserted by the writer. If people just cannot identify with wanting to die because of losing the ability to read , then the rest of the article may not stand firmly on that shaky ground. Staple’s style in “Editorial Observer; Why Colleges Shower Their Students With A’s” is much more formal. He does not use a personal rhetoric, is informative, and uses strictly the third person throughout is piece. His assertions are factual, not subjective. His conclusion reads as follows: “Addicted to counterfeit excellence, colleges, parents and students are unlikely to give it up. As a consequence, diplomas will become weaker and more ornamental as the years go by” (Staple, “Why Colleges…”). Though the rest of his performance is without personal opinion—here is where his pieces editorial nature is exposed. He is using the example of college superficiality to make a broader statement about America’s “addiction to counterfeit excellence.” Though using a contrasting diction of a tone informative and factual, he indeed is attempting to convey a personal belief, much like Quindlen, with more of a veneer of absolute truth. Brooks is much more like Quindlen. In his article “The Gender Gap at School” he begins ingest: “There are three gender-segregated sections in any airpo
Writing a business plan is crucial for every enterprise because it allows operating more efficiently, especially with cashflows. Without a clear strategy, it would be hard to distribute costs in a way that, eventually, will generate a profit. In that way, the business plan is especially important for successful financing, as it ensures that all funds will be appropriately used, decreasing the chance of their wasting. One can specify four main ways for financing a small business, each of which has various approaches and characteristics: investing, bank loans, crowdfunding, and using of retained funds. Investor fundings and bank loans have many similarities: in both cases, an entrepreneur obtains some sum of money that is expected to be returned, but banks and investors have different intentions. Bank officials simply give the money at the specified interest rate, which should be returned in terms (Bellucci et al., 2016). They usually do not require anything except the guarantee that the money will be returned in time. In times of financial crisis, banks are usually unwilling to provide loans due to mutual mistrust (Wille et al., 2017). In general, it is better to use bank loans only in the case of clearly defined and already tried business plans. Unlike banks, which are interested solely in their money’s return, private investors seek profit in the enterprise’s success: they will own a part of it. Business angels, for example, are successful entrepreneurs themselves, who have extensive experience in business planning and launching, and are willing to help new business people whose they find promising (Lueder & Cadden, 2012). They offer funds and support new businesses in various areas, helping them develop and implement their business plans and strategies. On the other side, venture capitalists are large funds that offer significant sums of money to startups they find promising and watch for them, directing them to success. Those are primarily new companies operating in a high-tech industry, such as IT, robotics, biotechnologies, or AI, by young and active people (Giudici et al., 2021). In that way, finding and attracting the investor is one of the most common business funding methods. Crowdfunding is similar to investing somehow, but in that case, there are many investors, and each of them invests a relatively small sum of money. It is the alternative funding strategy: crowdfunding platforms flourished with the development of the Internet and became extremely popular in times of financial crisis when traditional approaches such as bank loans became less available (Wille et al., 2017). The main objective for a successful crowdfunding campaign is that the entrepreneur’s project must be interesting and useful for people: for example, solving their problems or being exciting for them. It is one of the bes
Introduction Having considered Uber’s history, it is possible to conclude that the company became successful worldwide due to the following reasons (O’Toole and Matherne 561):   * The company’s appearance coincided with one of the biggest problems in San Francisco in 2010: sometimes it was very difficult to call a taxi, and Uber suggested an adequate alternative – a mobile app that is easy to use and accessible to every smartphone owner;   * From the start, Uber was not going to be a cab-owning company. It has always been serving as an intermediary between drivers and their customers.   * At the beginning of its history, Uber was not afraid to sell its services at higher costs than San Francisco’s local taxi companies. Its main goal was convenience. Way to Success However, Uber had obstacles on its way to success. The founders of the company had to overcome the following difficulties before they became a worldwide service:   * Doubts about Uber’s future in the investing community;   * People publicly questioning the service’s safety;   * Conflicts between drivers and passengers;   * Criticisms concerning personal information security;   * Conflicts with the government;   * Lawsuits initiated by drivers against Uber. Despite the fact that Uber had difficulties from time to time, those were the company’s growing pains. While functioning in the world market, the company had shown its readiness for development and expansion. According to O’Toole and Matherne, since 2013 the company realized its potential not only as a taxi service but also as a delivery company (562). It is possible to conclude that Uber’s services will become increasingly diverse in the future. The company has the potential to grow both intensively and extensively. Work Cited Ketchen, Dave, and Jeremy Short. Mastering Strategic Management. Flat World Knowledge, 2011. Lafley, Alan George, and Roger Martin. Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works. Harvard Business Review Press, 2013. O’Toole, Jay, and Brett Matherne. “Uber: Aggressive Management for Growth.” The CASE Journal , vol. 13, no. 4, 2017, pp. 561-573.
The study of human behavior and the role that attitudes play in its formation have long been an interesting task for scholars. Human beings display various behavioral patterns that some people refer to the context in which this or that pattern is practiced; others see free will as the moving force of behavior (Vohs & Schooler (2008). There are also opinions that rational choice makes people act in a certain way that they believe will be the most beneficial to them. However, social psychology finds out another interesting factor that influences behavior – it is attitude (Myers, 2008). Moreover, social psychology stresses the reciprocal relation between the two notions, i. e. attitude and behavior (Myers, 2008). In other words, the attitudes people have to dictate their behavioral patterns in some cases; in other situations, behaviors form people’s attitudes towards something. In the light of the social psychology theory, attitudes and behaviors are reciprocally related. Thus, attitudes, under the condition that they are already formed, guide the behavior of a person in a certain direction. There are two basic directions that scholars like Vohs & Schooler (2008), Myers (2008), etc., single out; they are the attitudes related to the person’s perceptions and interpretations, and the attitudes forming the person’s intentions and opinions about their consequences. Concerning the first direction of attitude-guided behavior, it can be observed in daily life because people seldom commit actions towards which they have negative attitudes (Myers, 2008). If people, for instance, perceive crime as a negative phenomenon, their interpretations of this phenomenon do not allow them to behave in a criminal way. As for the second direction, intentions make people behave in a certain way (Psypress, 2009). For example, if a person intends to buy a car, he/she first act so that to get a driver’s license. Thus, attitudes definitely influence behaviors. However, the reciprocal relation is also observed as behaviors influence people’s attitudes through two
The Glass Menagerie is a beautiful and appealing play written by Tennessee Williams in 1944. The story provides an insight into one unhappy family, in which each member feels lonely and wasted upon. Among the main topics involved are the beauty and its vulnerability, the balance between social obligations and personal freedom, parental authority, memories of long ago, and escaping from reality. The Play The most notable feature of the play is its symbolism, which is demonstrated by the author in a variety of ways. The glass is the most important symbol, as the name of the play suggests. Laura’s glass collection represents fragility and beauty, but it has no practical point. The broken piece stands for the broken heart of the girl. Another symbol for Laura’s ephemerality is her nickname “Blue Roses,” which Jim gives her in the following words, “They are common as – weeds, but you – well – you’re – Blue Roses!” (Tennessee 87). Laura strongly depends on her family and lives in isolation like a ghost. The fire escape symbolizes getting away from reality, and the narrator’s monologues take place there. Finally, the act of blowing out the candles probably means the end of all hopes for Laura and the end of the old life for Tom. The Characters Amanda Wingfield used to be the reigning beauty of a small town, but now she is an abandoned spouse living on the memories of long ago. Amanda can hardly accept her present position, and as a devoted mother, she is fully committed to her children. However, her efforts to make them succeed in life turn to unbearable pressure for both Laura and Tom. Laura is timid and unsocial due to physical disability. The outside world frightens the girl, and her way of escaping from reality is the glass collection. However, she is not dead inside and has feelings towards a young man. Tom is committed to poetry, but he has to work in a shoe warehouse to support his family. He feels imprisoned both at work and home. “I know I seem dreamy, but inside — well, I’m boiling!” he exclaims (Tennessee 62). Night movies are his escape. Amanda wants Tom to demonstrate “Spartan endurance!” (Tennessee 32), and to find a husband for Laura. Once her future is safe, he may have a chance to start a new life. Finally, Tom chooses freedom and leaves home. As abandoned Laura and Amanda could die in poverty, it must be a tough decision. Jim is the long-awaited potential husband for Laura. He is vivid, enthusiastic, and charming, but not willing to marry. After making advances to Laura, he confesses that he is engaged. The girl is hurt, of which the play hints: “Glass breaks so easily. No matter how careful you are” (Tennessee, 86). Maybe the engagement does not exist, but it makes an excellent excuse for Jim. One more character is the absent Amanda’s husband, who left his family years ago looking for freedom and life pleasures. However, he seems still to belong to the family, which “struggles against hopelessness that threatens their lives” (Nalliveettil and Sobhi 201). The ex-husband
Health Problem The healthy People 2020 program strives to eliminate health disparities that currently exist in this country. Tuyoina (2008) defines a health disparity as “Gaps in the quality of health and healthcare across racial, ethnic, sexual orientation and socioeconomic groups.” According to this scholar, there is a big gap that exists in terms quality of health that Americans receive. Several reports have indicated that the minority groups in this country have constantly been subjected to inferior health services, either due to their economic status, or racial discrimination that had been common in this country in the past years. The government has been keen on fighting this disparity in order to create an environment where every American will be able to access quality health care without considering race, social status, gender, or religious standing. Some chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease have been common among minorities. This is because of the incapacity of these individuals to meet the cost of treating these diseases before they get to advanced stages. Healthy People program 2020 seeks to address this disparity with the aim of eliminating all chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease. Several legislations have been passed by the current government which has enabled the poor to access medication despite their economic status. This program seeks to identify the causes of chronic kidney disease among Americans with a view of finding a lasting solution to it. It is through this that the war against these chronic diseases can be fought successfully. Descriptive Epidemiology According to Jiene (2011), chronic kidney disease is one of the leading health indicators identified by Healthy People 2020. This scholar says that although there is a spirited fight against health disparities in this country, there are indicators that health disparities still exist. For a long time, chronic kidney disease has been associated with the African Americans, Native Americans, and other minority groups in this country. This has partly been at
Leadership in nursing implies dealing with a variety of concerns associated with health management, patient education, allocation of financial resources, and other issues. In their article, Denker, Sherman, Hutton-Woodland, Brunell, and Medina (2015) focus on the trends in nursing that have affected the choice of leadership strategies and the functions of a nurse leader. The results of the survey indicate that there is a propensity toward an increase in the average age of a nurse, as well as a drop in the nurse-patient ratio. The lack of diversity among nurse leaders leads to them failing to utilize innovative approaches in leadership. The article was written for both nurse professionals and general audiences to shed light on the present issue in Florida hospitals. Nurse leaders will find the article as an incentive for positive change, whereas nurse practitioners will gain insight into the strategies for managing workplace challenges. Patients, in turn, will learn about the main impediments to effective care. The study was performed with the help of the qualitative research method, which helped to build an understanding of the cause-and-effect relationships between the key variables. The cross-sectional exploratory research design has contributed to a multifaceted, exhaustive analysis of social, cultural, economic, and financial factors on the problem at hand. Overall, the strength of the study comes from its all-embracive, profound analysis, and multicultural perspective of the assessment. However, the research could use an overview of the strategies for overcoming barriers to successful leadership. The focus on patient-related issues and the cause of the nurse shortage observed in the Florida healthcare environment currently make the article relevant to the research topic and important as evidence for further research. Reference Denker, A.-L., Sherman, R. O., Hutton-Woodland, M., Brunell, M. L., & Medina, P. (2015). Florida nurse leader survey findings. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 45 (7/8), 404–410. Web.
Endocrine System is the controlling system that maintains the body in balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Endocrine systems are found in most animals such as mammals, non-mammalian vertebrates, and invertebrates. The endocrine system consists of a set of glands such as thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic, pineal, gonads, thymus, adrenal, and pituitary glands and the hormones they produce such as thyroxine, estrogen, testosterone, and adrenaline. These hormones and glands help guide the development, growth, reproduction, and behavior of animals including human beings. The endocrine gland cells release hormones into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the entire body. Hormones are molecules produced by endocrine glands. They are chemical messengers which can alter the activity of many organs at once. They only bind with the receptors to cause a chain reaction which changes the activities of the cells. There can be different receptors for the same hormone hence; the same hormone can have different effects on different cells. Different glands produce different hormones for specific purposes. The pituitary gland produces mainly tropic hormones. Others are growth hormones and prolactin. Growth hormones promote
Introduction The modern beauty industry is characterized by an extremely dense market space and continual growth largely supported by various product line expansion, product proliferation, and diversification strategies used by companies to meet consumer needs and increase profitability (Tournois, 2014). In 2016, the global cosmetic market grew by 4% compared to the previous year (“Cosmetics industry,” n.d.). Nowadays, it comprises multiple categories, whereas skincare, haircare, and makeup products are the largest ones (“Breakdown of the cosmetic market worldwide,” 2017). To succeed in this intensely competitive environment, brands use a great number of marketing techniques and strategic methods. It is possible to presume that in different market segments, these approaches significantly differ from each other. Compared to cosmetics presented in the mass-market, luxury beauty products “boast superior standards in terms of both packaging and quality” (Nagasawa & Irisawa, 2011). The emphasis on these values is core to product promotion campaigns for such brands as Chanel, Bobbi Brown, Yves Saint Laurent. However, to understand how these brands develop their competitive advantages, it may be useful to investigate other characteristics the luxury segment has. Which of them stimulate customer interest in premium products and contribute to the overall brand awareness most? Figure 1: Annual growth of the global cosmetics market (%), 2009-2016 (“Cosmetics industry,” n.d.). Figure 2: Breakdown of the cosmetics market (“Perfume market,” 2016). It will be appropriate to start the research with the identification of major psycho-emotional and demographic features of luxury brand consumers. Main Body Although not all potential customers n the luxury segment are the same, they still share some common characteristics. Overall, premium beauty items are targeted towards individuals with higher levels of income who value credibility and high quality of products and are interested in the authenticity and uniqueness of the things they buy. In this way, the customer seeks to elevate his or her social status and develop a personal identity and psychological well-being. Luxury cosmetics purchasers can be of any gender and age. It is observed that premium beauty and care products are especially popular in the Asia Pacific region and China, in particular. “Chinese consumers remain the top consumers by country with one-third of the global market” (Bonacina & Mazzucchelli, 2016, p. 4). Figure 3: Forecasted beauty and personal care growth by region, 2016-2021, premium beauty, and personal care (BPC) products vs. mass BPC (Micallef, 2017). It is considered that “beauty products appeal to the emotions and customers tend to choose based on the product image,” yet luxury brands, such as Chanel, usually emphasize the quality of cosmetics and the technology of their production (Nagasawa & Irisawa, 2011). It is observed that consumers are “willing to pay premiums of 20% to 200% for the kinds of well-
Introduction The aim of the research was to address engineering associated issues that could lead to a nuclear disaster, such as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Russia. The paper will address the possibility of applying modern technology to solve engineering issues that could lead to a possible nuclear disaster. The destructions and harm caused by the catastrophe is still felt to date. Lack of proper technical knowhow and ignorance were eminent in the Chernobyl case and it inflicted fear in people in the use of nuclear power plant. From the engineering point of view, several scholars have developed a platform of argument, where some argue that the civil engineering at the site, and in fact in the USSR, was caught unaware. Others have argued that the technology at the time could not have done anything beyond, given that the country was still developing its civil engineering from the analogue to modernised digital form. It is quite evident, however, that modern technology can be applied to solve such issues and thus prevent the occurrence of yet another nuclear disaster in the modern world. Statement of the problem From the discovery of nuclear science and its application as the main source of energy for both industrial and domestic use, there are few nuclear reaction associated disasters witnessed so far. In fact, the Chernobyl case can be said to be the only major disaster concerning nuclear energy. However, the world runs under heavy risks of disasters associated with nuclear energy. For instance, the recent case in Japan has shown that natural disasters may affect a relatively new form of disaster if nuclear power plants are adversely affected. Nuclear energy, being developed from the highly risky atomic reaction, is one of the most documented dangers to life. With these regards, it is important to consider the role of modern technology on the attempt to solve such issues associated with nuclear power. Significance of the study This study was developed with an aim of determine the potential of modern technology in finding a permanent solution to the possible nuclear disasters. The study results are important for civil engineers and scholars in engineering, as they may find it useful in the process of managing nuclear power plants in the world. In addition, the information derived from the study will be useful for the economic and civil strategists, as it could be used in the processes of developing guidelines for nations or corporations willing to develop nuclear power reactors. Study Hypothesis In the wake of the modern technology, human beings are in a position to harvest energy from the most risky sources, of which nuclear power is the most prominent example, and yet protect life from any harm associated with the power. Technology, together with innovation, are the best tools that modern civil engineers should apply to harness power, and yet protect human life on earth from any possible harm associated with radiations from such nuclear reactors. Study Questions  1. In the wake of the modern technology, are human beings in a position to harvest