ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cancer is a severe life-threatening condition that occurs due to a deterioration of the body’s genetic and immune machinery to fight against a variety of infections. There are a plethora of mechanisms predisposing individuals to this health assault. Cancer is strongly involved in causing mortalities irrespective of age and sex. Various therapeutic interventions have been in progress to circumvent the metastatic lesions at their initial stages. But to date, no satisfactory drug medication was believed to provide a complete remedy to the malignant disorders. However, nutrition was considered reliable in contrast to all the available therapies. There is a need to explore the role of nutrition and therefore the present description deals with highlighting its impact on oral, breast cancers, and colon cancers. Previously, it was reported that approximately 35% of cancer deaths in the United States were reported to be managed by the modification of diet (Willet 1995). This is because of issues relating the consumption of red meat to the development of colon cancers. Here, physical activity was also reported to strengthen the pivotal role of nutrition (Willet 1995). Although, there is a controversy regarding the connection between certain foods like a fat-enriched diet and breast cancer, the intake of fruits and vegetables was shown to confer resistance to wide a range of cancer-causing agents (Willet 1995). Hence, data indicating the lessening effects of diet modification on the incidence of cancer deaths provides better supporting research where the methodology involved retrieving the prevalence indices accumulated so far (Willet 1995). However, there seems to be narrow information on the effects of fat on the metabolism that may play role in the episode of cancer. Later studies were feeble in supporting the compelling evidence obtained from animal and ecological concepts regarding the nutritional aspects of breast cancer (Hunter and Willett, 1996). Although the risk was attributed to the intake of fat in low amounts or early life, it was hypothesized that fat enriched food, childhood and adolescence growth rate could serve as risk factors (Hunter & Willett, 1996). Olive oil may have some benefits where a low intake of vegetables and increased alcohol consumption were considered risky (Hunter and Willett, 1996). This study has better addressed the issues of food intake and the risk of breast cancer with special emphasis on early age in contrast to the previous evidence on mid-life involvement (Hunter & Willett, 1996). Next, the trends in dietary style might influence cancer incidence. In Spain, breast cancer mortality (BCM) rates have increased dramatically from the lowest rates over the past 30 years (Fátima Prieto-Ramos et al. 1996). This was revealed when a study was conducted at the ecological level to determine the past and current dietary patterns associated with breast cancer mortality (Fátima Prieto-Ramos et al. 1996). The methodology was significant as it involved a reasonable sample size in various p
Though not well studied or defined in historical and social research, the contribution of the Japanese filmmaker Kon Ichikawa to the country’s post-war history remains significant. Born around 1915 in the Japanese region of Southern Mie Prefecture, Ichikawa was initially interested in painting and drawing but had a passion for films. After graduating from a technical school in Osaka around 1930, his first jobs was animation at JO studios in Osaka 1 . In his later years, Ichikawa contributed significantly to the development of various films, with some like ‘The Burmese Harp’, ‘They Key’, ‘An Actor’s Revenge’ And ‘Fires on the Plain’ becoming some of the most widely viewed Japanese films 2 . Of the few film directors from Japan who have obtained international reputation, especially in the west, Ichikawa was the least known as well as the least studied 3 . Nevertheless, most of his films featured Japanese soldiers and activities in the region, Japanese social system and the aspects of modernization in the country 4 . Arguably, his themes have contributed to the development of Japanese history, especially by depicting the Japanese culture, military activities, and social system in films and presenting them to the world. According to some literature, it is worth noting that Ichikawa was in his early adults’ days when Japan was involved in the Second World War 5 . Perhaps his observation of the country actively taking part and later experiencing one of the most humiliating defeats contributed to his thematic approach in film work. It has been argued that he worked under relatively different conditions from most of the renowned Japanese filmmakers. For instance, he faced strong financial pressures during his first years in film work. Also, it is believed that he was imposed on working on certain films such as “An actor’s revenge” by his employers that were out to make profits. His prowess in filmmaking has contributed to the world perception of the Japanese culture, thereby contributing to the history of postwar Japan. Ichikawa’s main contribution to the history of Japan lies in his ability to emulate western ideas, which contributed to the revolution of the Japanese perceptions of their society. For instance, it is on record that he was influenced by western filmmakers, especially in the US and France 6 . For example, Ichikawa divided his films into categories like ‘dark’ and ‘light’ to instill a sense of justice in the minds of the viewers 7 . Specifically, he focused on the Japanese ideas of sexes, the battle of sexes, and thematic obverse of action movies. It is believed that these ideas and styles were obtained from Howard Hawks and other western filmmakers. According to researchers, Japanese perceptions and view on sexuality and gender differences changed significantly after the Second World War 8 . After th
Introduction An Intranet is a personal computer network which uses the Internet for allowing the employees of an organization to securely and effectively share the operational systems and information of an organization. Our health care organization consists of a network of 3 doctor’s offices, 15 physicians and 100 staff members who service almost 2000 patients. There are 3 computers in each office out of which 2 are used by doctors and the 3rd is used for scheduling and other administrative duties. A dial up service provides us Internet services and presently we have no Intranet. Building a secure and effective Intranet For our organization we need a small yet secure and effective Intranet connection since it is a powerful business tool. Access to information and applications through the Intranet will be restricted to only a limited group of authorized personnel and should employ proper authorization, authentication and secure communication schemes. We can implement non-trusting domains that will make it complicated to flow the identity and security context of a caller all the way to our system’s back-end resources. Sensitive data transferred between the database and web server, and web application and the original user needs to be secured. Since our employees can be entrusted with delegation, we can set a homogenous Intranet connection by using a common authentication mechanism. Since the intranet connection will take place between few computers, we can use inexpensive or free software with our existing hardware (Zedtwitz, 2003). Legal and regulatory compliance Legal and regulatory compliances for our health care organization are complex since most of our business operations are governed by state and federal laws. We need our health care attorneys to devote a considerable amount of their practice to the Stark Law, Anti-Kickback and False Claims Act. Legislative and regulative risks have an impact in almost every area of our health care service. Thus, our senior managers, doctors and directors need to be aware of the fact that they are accountable and responsible for managing all types of risks in our organization. One of the best ways to achieve legal compliance is by carrying out Policy Health Checks and Compliance Audits of our business. Our Compliance program should also include private and public reimbursement and billing issues. It should be able to help the clients with hospital outpatient and inp
Introduction In his book “What does it all mean?” distinguished author Thomas Nagel reflects on how meanings come to be associated with words. Sometimes words by their very pronunciation seem to refer to the meaning such as ‘whisper’ and ‘bang’. But generally, words do not carry exact references to what they mean. There are many types of words: nouns, adjectives, prepositions, etc. All words in general, have meanings that contribute towards the meaning of sentences or statements. There are words that can be explained by some other words and those words, in turn, may hold other meanings. But finally, there must be some words that have meaning directly. Main body “Tobacco” is generally spoken of in the context of cigarettes and cigars though it is actually the name of a plant. Everyone in the world no matter what language he speaks understands that tobacco smoking refers to cigars and cigarettes. This seems to indicate that there is a universal idea or concept behind the word “tobacco”. The relation between the word and the idea and between the idea and the stuff needs to be explored further. Is the relationship caused by the working of the human mind? The mind does conjure up an image when the word ‘tobacco’ is used. It could be of a plant or some dried leaves or a cigarette. Each person sees a different image in his mind for the word ‘tobacco’ and yet the meaning the word holds is the same for all persons. To quote Nagel: “The mystery of meaning is that it doesn’t seem to be located anywhere — not in the word, not in the mind, not in a separate concept or idea hovering between the word, the mind, and the things we are talking about. And yet we use language all the time, and it enables us to think complicated thoughts which span great reaches of time and space” (Nagel, p. 43). One can talk about fantasies and dream trips to faraway galaxies using words that contain complicated facts that may be true or false. Language is mostly a system of signals and symbols. Pictures of ladies and an arrow mark can indicate that it’s the way to the ladies’ room. Words are used as tools during interpersonal relations. The use of language to describe worlds that are unknown to us shows us something about how it is used on a day-to-day basis. A simple statement such as “There’s salt on the table” can be used in different contexts. The same meaning exists in different contexts – which could be practical or descriptive or hypothetical. But to get the meaning in other complicated contexts, it is essential that the statement must refer to something general in the practical context: “Whatever is going on in the ordinary, practical case must be something general enough also to explain these other, quite different cases where it means the same thing” (Nagel, p. 45). Language is a social phenomenon that has been passed on to us across generations. Hence meanings of
Victims of bullying are helpless to an assortment of negative results. Encountering any kind of bullying exploitation compared with more elevated levels of wretchedness and self-destruction ideation for youngsters. Adults who were bullied in their youth experienced higher paces of sorrow than the individuals who were not harassed (Singham et al., 2017). Studies have shown being a casualty of a bullying occurrence relates to inadequacies in scholastic achievement and school participation, enthusiastic prosperity, a lack of ability to concentrate consistently jumble, relationship with freak peers, inclusion in savagery, mental manifestations, levels of sadness and self-destruction ideation, and endeavored suicides (Singham et al., 2017). Tormented teenagers are bound to encounter long-haul harm to confidence and feeling of depression. Victims may retaliate with outrageous, unexpected viciousness. Since bullying is horrible for everybody concerned, it is essential to address it as ahead of schedule as could be expected. Guardians and instructors can attempt to guarantee security and forestall future harassment. Stress the executives and unwinding procedures can likewise help.
This paper will carry out a biographical analysis of the play titled A Doll’s House by Henrique Ibsen and will focus on the main character Norah Helmer and the role of the other characters in her life. These characters are Torvald Helmer, Dr. Rank, and Nils Krogstad. The paper will make various references to the play and will conclude by giving an overall analysis of the characters that have been profiled. A Doll’s House revolves around a character called Norah Helmer who is the wife of Torvald Helmer and together they have three children. Norah is a complex person who builds her happy life through the adoption of the fantastic expectations of her husband which denies her the chance to reveal her authenticity. One of her popular comments in the play is “The children shouldn’t see this till dusk after it has been decorated” and this remark allows the reader to start understanding the nature of Norah Helmer. She allows her husband to have a perception that she is a down-to-earth, submissive and obedient wife and she entertains her husband through dance, recitations, and dress-ups. She uses her feminine charm to convince and influence her husband and pretends that she is submissive to his instructions. Later in the play, the reader learns that this is a childhood trait and she cannot allow her husband to feel obligated to her. She does anything she can to safeguard her illusions of a happy home. Norah is a criminal and a hero at the same time (Unwin 19). She saves the life of her husband by obtaining a confidential loan after forging her father’s signature. This brings a legal issue that can explore the place of a married woman in the family. In this society where the play is set, women were not supposed to get loans without the permission of the man of the house. She tries to pay this huge loan using her meager resources for years and hides under the veneer of arts and crafts which she practices. Her readiness to defy the law to save Mr. Helmer’s health illustrates that she is a courageous woman and debunks the perception that she is a weak character. She is not changed by Krogstad’s blackmail and the trauma that accompanies it and these challenges actually open her world to her potential which has not been fulfilled and appreciated. During the climactic encounter with her husband, she tells him “I have been doing tricks for you, Torvald” (McFarlane 34). This is when she realises that she has not been her authentic self all through her illusionary happy marriage. Norah has been faking identity so as to conform to the expectations of her husband and the society but she changes radically after being catalysed by the reaction of her husband after he learns about the loan obtained through forgery. She learns that her whole life is on a collision course with her real personality. She starts defying her husband in small but useful ways.she starts by feeding on the macaroons and cheating about it. She starts deriving pleasure from small acts of rebellion as her awareness about her true life continues to rise. This awar
Introduction Law comprises of established rules and regulations that govern human behavior and interactions. They are established ways of doing things which makes it simple for individuals to live with some sort of regularity. The offenders are punished by the law since law is legally binding implying that individuals have no option but to comply with its provisions. Laws are divided into two major categories according to their functionality, the basis of sub-division lies in their sources. The formal sources of law refer to authorized provisions of law contained in the constitution and are further general applications being permissively obligatory. Formal laws are created in accordance to specific procedures and methods, which should be acceptable by all affected parties. The material sources of law on the other hand are not applicable universally. The provisions and tenets of such rules should be proved beyond doubt before their application. Law making process in many countries is left to the legislative arm of government since every individual is evenly represented in it. Law in the international system is not applied the same way, as is the case with national law. This implies that national law is more superior as compared to any other law. Formal sources in the international system do not exist since parliaments do not consent to laws instead only states agree to implement rules of general application. In the international system, the laws that exist have their basis on the material sources. States agree to implement specific rules by providing evidence on how they can affect cooperation in the international system. Evidence in the international system is derived from interactions among states which sheds some light to the material sources of law. States agree to enter into multilateral treaties and consent some specified international laws to guide their behaviors. States are obliged to maintain and su
The issue concerning obesity seems to be the one of most urgent nowadays. There is a common idea that certain types of food, namely junk food, sweets, and Coke are responsible for the fact that the number of people with overweight increases every year. However, recent researches prove that the key problem concerning obesity is much deeper resulting in misunderstanding and following severe consequences. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people with overweight doubled compared to the twentieth century (“Obesity and Overweight” para. 1). The major reason for obesity and overweight is the higher calories consumption in comparison with the number of calories that an individual expends. According to the World Health Organization obesity is a notion for the “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health” (“Obesity and Overweight” para. 1). It should be pointed out that there is almost no connection between fast food consumption and possibly being overweight. The researchers stated that more than 90% of adults in America have a high body mass index, and it is not linked to their improper eating habits (Dockrill para 2). It means that fast-food consumption can lead to obesity; however, it is not the major cause (Dockrill para 3). The modern researches in the sphere of medicine prove that a connection between the body mass index and overweight is linked only with people who suffer from obesity or are underweight chronically (Dockrill para. 4). The main reason that causes obesity is much more complex and needs to be studied (Katz para. 4). Genetically modified organisms are believed to be one of the major arguments for the increased obesity index. It should be pointed out that the impact of GMO products on human health is commonly argued as the subject is controversial (Preuss and Bagchi 642). According to the recent research made in Norway, there is a link between appetite and GMO products consumption. People, who eat GMO products, are considered to have a higher appetite and consume more food than consequently leads to obesity (Wright para. 4). The Organic Consumers Association claims that almost 80% of food produced in the United States contains GMOs (Wright para. 4). Reducing the obesity index will be beneficial for the overall health of individuals. The major cause of the unbalanced quantity of calories can be connected to environmental problems or genes (Nass 10). The fat cells influence the production of hormones in the human body, and it may cause cancer. It should be taken into account that the overweight is believed to have a connection to certain diseases (Nass 10). The cells can affect the work of the body as obesity causes a higher rate of insulin that becomes a reason for cancer and diabetes. In conclusion, it should be stated that the issue concerning overweight and obesity gains momentum as the problem-solution
Introduction There are numerous definitions of the term ‘framing’ in social sciences. The many definitions arise from the fact that the term is used in various aspects of life. Framing is not only commonly used in social sciences, but it is also used in communication, marketing, business, and advertising. Hurlstone et al. (2014) explain that the most widely accepted definition of the term framing is that it is a way of creating, designing, and projecting messages in an attempt to communicate reality as believed at that particular moment. Thus, framing can be used in political communication, in mass media and public speaking, and in sensitization messages. This essay develops the concept of framing in an attempt to come up with a customized, yet applicable, definition of the term. In addition, the article discusses the impact of framing in various aspects of social life. Framing and Communication Xue (2015) explains that in order to communicate one has to draft the message in a way that can be received and interpreted in the way the sender desired. This is only possible if the sender has to frame the message to fit the educational level of the receiver and the channel being used. Therefore, the two aspects are also part of framing. The educationa
The Issue In September 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency in the USA made its findings public, indicating that Volkswagen’s vehicles from the “clean diesel” generation violated the Clean Air Act. According to the Agency, many of those vehicles had specific software (also known as “defeat device”) that changed the performance of diesel engines to improve their results during testing (Hotten, 2015). Volkswagen vehicles used specific software that allowed them “sense test scenarios by monitoring speed, engine operation, air pressure and even the position of the steering wheel” (Hotten, 2015, para. 5). During the laboratory tests, the software put the vehicle in a so-called safety mode, during which the engine’s performance lowered. However, engines did not use this mode during the testing on the road, and it led to the increased emissions that were 40 times above the standard rate of emissions allowed in the USA (Hotten, 2015). The initial testing of the Volkswagen’s vehicles began in 2014 when International Council on Clean Transportation and researchers from the West Virginia University tested Volkswagen and BMW vehicles to evaluate whether the clean diesel in those cars actually corresponded with the existing benchmarks. The tested vehicles (manufactured by Volkswagen) exceeded the emission standards by 20 to 40 times. Nevertheless, the Volkswagen stated in 2014 that these results could be linked to a software glitch in the vehicles of the company; a software patch was provided to eliminate the problem. The EPA tested vehicles with the fixed software and pointed out that there were no significant changes in the results of the tests (Gates, Ewing, Russel, & Watkins, 2017). In 2015, the company admitted that it deliberately installed the software into vehicles to change the results of the emissions tests. Approximately 11 million cars worldwide were affected, including AUDI and Porsche models that are also manufactured by the Volkswagen Company. Responsibility There were several persons in the company that took responsibility for the fraud. The company’s former chief executive, Martin Winterkorn, stated that he was accepting the responsibility for the fraud and resigned after the scandal (Hotten, 2015). However, some of the documents that The New York Times obtained indicate that the company’s executives, including the current CEO Matthias Müller, were aware of the fraud (Ewing, 2017). Despite the fact that the company denies any involvement of the current CEO in the diesel scandal, Ewing (2017) points out that the boardroom might be related to the scandal more closely than it appears. At the same time, it is not the first case where Volkswagen’s ethics are compromised. As Milne (2015) notices, t