ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Jane’s body mass index is 33.27 and it falls in the category of Obese Class I. This places Jane’s health at a high risk of getting other diseases associated with obesity. It is recommended that Jane should lose her body weight by at least 33 percent to enable her to attain a normal body mass index. Reduced body weight minimizes the chances of getting diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart-related diseases. For pre-diabetic people, the fasting blood glucose ranges from 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl while that for normal persons without diabetes ranges from 70mg/dl to 90mg/dl (Danaei et al. 32). Jane has various factors that expose her to a higher risk of getting chronic diseases starting from the genetic composition where her father died from a heart attack, and this increases the chances that she may have genetically inherited the problem from her father. Jane is also obese, and this is the major factor causing chronic diseases. Considering that Jane doesn’t engage in doing various physical activities on a daily basis, this puts her at risk of getting chronic diseases (Danaei 365). Her total blood cholesterol is at 250 mg per dl which is at the highest-risk class, and this puts her at the risk of getting illness such as cardiovascular as compared to someone with normal total blood cholesterol. Jane’s blood pressure is at 130/82mm/Hg which is considered to be higher than that of the normal person whose blood pressure is supposed to have 120/80mm/Hg and below (Danaei et al. 34). This also places her at a higher risk of getting chronic diseases. For a woman, the waist circumference should be 35 inches and below while that of Jane is 38 inches, and this causes overweight which will intern cause some chronic diseases such as diabetes. Metabolic syndrome refers to health factors that cause cardiovascular diseases and other health problems such as diabetes. Notably, Jane has metabolic syndromes including abdominal obesity or a large waistline causing excess fats in her stomach area and it is considered to be a major cause of many heart diseases. Jane also has high blood pressure and it indicates a metabolic syndrome symptom. Jane’s high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is at 35mg and for women; high-density lipoprotein should be above 50mg and this places her at high risk of getting cardiovascular problems. The low-density cholesterol for Jane is 162mg, this falls under the elevated category causing a reduction of blood circulation in the heart and may result in heart stroke and cardiovascular diseases (Ferket et al. 28). The current total cholesterol for Jane is very high and therefore, it is recommended that she should engage in activities to ensure that it drops below 200 mg per dl which is the ideal level for a healthy person. This will ensure that she is not at risk of having cardiovascular problems. It is also necessary for her to ensure that her low-density lipoproteins drop below 100jmg/dl from the current 162mg/dl to ensure that her health is stable (Kuklina and Keenan 2015). Jane should also
Introduction Organizations employ a vast range of social workers. These social workers are engaged in myriads of work within any organization. This work indeed varies from working in a large organization charged with production of goods to organizations that are predominantly engaged in desig
Although, formally speaking, Ray Bradbury’s stories The Veldt and The Rocket belong to the literary genre of sci-fi, they are not as much about exploring the theme of bright technological future as they are about exploring the effects of futuristic technology on one’s consciousness. The common thing about both stories is the fact that, in them, author strived to exploit the motif of parental/social alienation, which he thought was going to represent one of the most important aspects of futuristic living. At the same time, even though the plots of The Veldt and The Rocket revolve around the theme of how technology might affect the workings of people’s consciousness, they offer diametrically opposite views, in regards to the subject matter. Whereas; The Veldt implies a counterproductive essence of such an effect, The Rocket promotes an idea that the utilization of technology does not deprive people of their existential vitality, but on the contrary – endows them with it. In other words; whereas, The Veldt is best referred to as the story of ‘degradation through technology’, The Rocket is most appropriately defined as the story about ‘revival through technology’. In our paper, we will aim to explore this thesis at length. In The Veldt , readers are being exposed to the story of two comparatively well-off but overly decadent parents George and Lydia coming to realization of the fa
Eminent domain is the power of a government to seize private property for public purposes in exchange for payment at fair prices. A variety of property rights such as land and water rights is subject to eminent domain. Eminent domain is an area that seriously challenges the court. This is because many private owners of property complain terribly much about this government right. They also begin initiating actions against the government. History of eminent domain This idea of eminent domain did not start now. It still existed since biblical times. For example, when King Ahab offered Naboth compensation for his vineyard. In 1789, France was able to recognise private property owner’s compensation for taken property. Acknowledging eminent domain in the Fifth Amendment into the constitution occurs after this amendment. Just compensation is a requirement so as to ease financial burdens incurred by the property owners and for the benefit of the public (Bradley 96). Elements of eminent domain For a government to exercise this power of eminent domain, it must prove that the four elements set in the Fifth Amendment are present. They include: private property, must be taken, for public use and with just compensation. Private prop
Fig. 1. Michelangelo Buonarroti. Five Studies for the Figure of Haman. C. 1512, Teylers Museum, Haarlem. Michelangelo Buonarotti (1475-1564) was a famous Italian artist of the Renaissance period. His drawing Five Studies for the Figure of Haman represents one of the scenes of the Cappella Sistina (the Sistine Chapel), the crucifixion of the Jews’ enemy Haman (fig. 1). In the artist’s practice, drawings often preceded paintings because they helped him create the works of art faster and easier. In Five Studies for the Figure of Haman , the painter uses red and black chalk, three-dimensional structure, and anatomical images as parts of his critical thinking process that help him paint the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling. Michelangelo emphasized the importance of drawings because they were an essential part of the painting process. He often said that he “was never a painter or sculptor like those who make a business of it” (Sebregondi 9). This statement demonstrates his caring attitude to the process of art in general and drawing in particular. It also shows that he painted sketches and cartoons not to make his larger works better for the public but to prepare all necessary steps for himself. The drawing was as significant as painting and sculpture for Michelangelo; that is why Michelangelo’s sketches are evaluated as art today. The artist’s numerous pictures and cartoons demonstrate his well-developed critical thinking and imagination that helped him paint the greatest Sistine Chapel. By using red chalk, Michelangelo hoped to accomplish the drawing quickly. For many artists, sketches preceded paintings, sculptures, and works of architecture (Keizer 311). Michelangelo was not an exception, and his drawing The Figure of Haman was a draft of his great frescos for the Sistine Chapel. Red chalk was easy to use, and taking into account the huge amount of preparation for the main work of art, Michelangelo preferred to save time and reduce the work on preliminary sketches. Moreover, red chalk could create subtle and mid-tone variations on the paper. Thus, when the artist needed a darker tone, he could wet red chalk, and the necessary effect would be achieved. This material allowed the artist flexibility because he could take it with him and continue the process of painting anywhere. Therefore, Michelangelo’s critical thinking allowed him to save time and create an effect of lights and shadows, using the only material – red chalk. The drawing also contains some traces of black chalk at the right part of the sheet. These faint traces “could represent either the tree on which Haman was crucified or the outside of the pendentive’s frescoed frame” (Bambach 661). According to Bambach, the black lines on the image halt suddenly, which means that the drawing was obscure and incomplete (661). On the one hand, Michelangelo might use dark chalk to separate the image of Haman’s hand from his body image. However, taking into account t
Introduction The President and Congress, through the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP), has established and amended the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), or the act that addresses the issues of juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice. To be able to address the said issues more specifically, OJJDP was further divided into seven (7) components, which are the Research and Program Development Division, Training and Technical Assistance Division, Special Emphasis Division, State Relations and Assistance Division, Information Dissemination Unit, Concentration of Federal Efforts Program and Missing Exploited Children’s Program (Griffin et al., 1998). According to the amended act, there are some instances when a juvenile is sent for adult criminal prosecution. Their cases are transferred from juvenile courts to adult courts through different state transfer mechanisms, which are the Waiver, Direct File and Statutory Exclusion . Waiver provisions allow the decision to transfer the juvenile case to be made by the State’s juvenile courts. There are three (3) types of Waivers. The Discretionary Waiver , which depends upon the Juvenile Court Judge’s discretion of waiving the juvenile case (standards for this waiver are for the best interests of the child and the public), the Mandatory Waiver , which provides certain age, offence, or other criteria to be met by the case, and the Presumptive Waiver , which designates certain groups of cases that makes them rebuttably presumed as appropriate. Another transfer mechanism, the Direct File, allow the decision to transfer the juvenile case to be made by the prosecutor. Last but not least, the Statutory Exclusion allows the decision to transfer the juvenile case to be set forth by the State’s jurisdictions (Griffin et al., 1998). Juveniles (people below 17 years old) being tried as an adult is a long debate that would touch the issues of child care, the values and morals of treating a child who has done a wrongful act, and all the ethics related to it. When we say “to try a juvenile like an adult”, we mean having them be put on trial like an ordinary adult would be, with the possibilities of facing the same sentences, fines and other sanctions an ordinary adult being tried would have (Thompson, 2006). The nature of OJJDP, when it comes to ages and crimes, differ from one state to another (Griffin et al., 1998). Discussion Different perspectives on justice The first perspective or viewpoint that I would like to present regarding trying juveniles as adults are from the juvenile suspect’s end. In the juvenile’s end, there is a big possibility that in their time of being tried like an adult, they would have “…the stigmatization and other negative effects of labelling juveniles as convicted felons, the sense of resentment and injustice…about being tried and punished as adults, the learning of
Introduction Nowadays, epidemiology is an interdisciplinary science that studies the “occurrence and distribution of health-related events” and applies the gained knowledge to manage related issues (Porta, 2014, p. 76). Disaster epidemiology uses epidemiologic tools to gain knowledge that can help to control disasters (Bissell, 2013; Guha-Sapir, Santos, & Borde, 2013). The present paper discusses the disaster epidemiology of Australia and three countries that are located in the Asian region (Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan, and Israel). According to Subanthore (2011), the region is prone to natural disasters, but the specifics differ for its diverse areas due to their “varied landscape and human geography” (p. 22). Therefore, it appears improbable that the epidemiology of Australia can be compared to that of the whole region. For this paper, the Asian countries were chosen randomly in an attempt to represent different areas. The data was retrieved from the CRED (2016) database (the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters). Australia Australia has been very prone to cases of natural disasters, and CRED (2016) provides the data on 228 of them that happened between 1990 and 2016 (see Table 1). The deadliest of the disasters include droughts, heatwaves, wildfires, and floods; apart from that, floods were occurring most often and caused the greatest total damage. The second most “common” disaster was storm followed by wildfire and drought. The cases of extreme temperatures were relatively rare, but they affected great numbers of people and caused many deaths; earthquakes caused relatively few deaths but result in significant damage. The relatively “safe” disasters included the epidemic and two infestations: none of them resulted in deaths, but the infestation caused noticeable damage. The landslides resulted in deaths. Table 1                                              Natural Disasters in Australia. Source: CRED (2016). Disaster                                              Count  Total Deaths  Total Affected  Total Damage (‘000 US$)
Access and compare the costs of different sources of finance There are various sources of finance that entrepreneurs can rely on. These sources can either be classified as equity or debt capital. There are various financial costs that refer to tangible costs associated with these sources of finance (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, 2010, p.1). For example, debt sources of finance like loans from a financial and nonfinancial institutions are linked to a predetermined interest rate. The firm is required to pay the interest amount periodically in line with the loan agreement. Failure to pay interest can result in the firm being placed under receivership. On the other hand, equity sources of finance which include issuing of shares (either ordinary or preferred) have associated costs. For example, by using ordinary and preferred shares as a source of finance, the firm commits itself to the payment of dividends to these shareholders. In addition to dividends, preferred shareholders are also entitled to interest. Retained earnings can also be a potential source of finance. By utilizing retained earnings as a source of finance, an opportunity cost is experienced. This arises from the fact that the firm loses on alternative projects. Over-trading Over-trading is defined as an imbalance that occurs when a firm is not in a capacity to finance its operation due to a shortage of working capital or current assets. Overtrading can affect the performance of a firm but the newly established and rapidly expanding firms are the worst culprits. Financial planning contributes greatly towards the efforts of a firm to overcome overtrading problems. Financial planning refers to the process of determining a firm’s surpluses and shortages. One of the financial planning techniques that can be incorporated includes the use of the Just-In-Time technique (JIT). Through the JIT technique, a firm is able to minimize the need for additional working capital. In addition, JIT reduces the amount of time that a firm holds its stock. Through financial planning and cash budgeting, the firm’s management team can be able to conduct cash flow forecasting in the event that the firm expects an improvement in business performance. Cash flow forecasting enables the management to project the flow of money in and out of the firm. This means that both cash budgeting
Purpose Intuitive understanding of science is an important element of the Saudi Arabian students’ motivation in learning, as well as the overall success in academic performance, especially in science. Seeing how science is a means to theorize and cognize reality, it is crucial that students should learn to tie in the theories learned at school together with the manifestation of these theories, which they can observe in everyday life. The purpose of the given study, therefore, is to prove that, with the help of activities that show children natural laws in action and, therefore, help students visualize the material that they have learned, it becomes possible to improve and increase students’ performance in science in primary schools and, moreover, provide the grounds for these students to be successful in studying science in the future. Literature Review It should be noted that ample studies have been conducted on the issue of young students’ cognition processes (Baek, Schwarz, Chen, Hokayem & Zhan, 2011). Wu and Tsai have considered the constructivist oriented instruction (Alshayea, 2012) for teaching elementary students in 2005 (Wu & Tsai, 2005). In addition, more recent researches on the issue have been carried out (Lange, Kleickmann & Möller, 2008) and deserve taking a closer look at, such as the research by Ang and Wang, which suggests using Active Worlds in engaging students in science and research (Ang & Wang, 2006). Students need more opportunities for learning to apply their new knowledge to real-life situations (Albro, Wagster, Carpenter, Cary & Gholson, 2007). Questions The research questions that are to be answered in the course of the given experiment are:  1. Is it possible to design the classroom activities that will help students understand the link between the theory studied in class and its manifestation in real-life phenomena, and if it is, what methods can it be achieved with?  2. Are there any specific pedagogic approaches that will strengthen student-teacher relationships, thus, encouraging students to be more inquisitive and learn new information faster, thus, developing the skills for analytical thinking and problem solving, and, if there are, what are they? Terminology Several key terms will be used consistently throughout the paper. These are:   * Cognitive skills (Martin, Jean-Siqur & Schmidt, 2005);   * Students’ self-esteem and self-image;   * Self-efficacy model (Bagheri, Jaafar & Baba, 2012);   * Personal agency belief (Tang, 2012);   * Knowl
The 1998 adaptation of Charles Dickens’ novel Great Expectations enables the audience to take a new look at the characters envisioned by the author. In particular, one should look at the personality of Estella played by Gwyneth Paltrow. In the movie, this woman is depicted as an individual who likes the idea that she can control the actions of other people, especially men. To some degree, she is the victim of poor education which was imposed on her. Nevertheless, she is more capable of displaying her feelings and recognizing the suffering of others. These are the main points that should be discussed more closely. There are several aspects that distinguish this character from its literary original. First of all, she is better able to express her emotions. She does not always suppress them. It is possible to mention that she kisses Finn, and in this way, she demonstrates her affection for him. In contrast, Estella depicted by Charles Dickens does not want to show that she has any feelings for his emotional suffering. It seems that she is a very callous person who does not want to think about the impacts of her actions. This is one of the differences that should not be overlooked. Additionally, the character impersonated by Gwyneth Paltrow is not very concerned about her social position and class issues. It should be noted that in the novel, Estella represents the upper classes of the society. She continuously emphasizes the idea that she is a lady who is not accessible to people like Pip. Moreover, she marries Bentley Drummle primarily because of his fortune. These issues are not of great importance to Gwyneth Paltrow’s character. To some degree, she simply enjoys her ability to manipulate Finn. Furthermore, the viewers do not learn her reasons for marrying another man who begins to abuse her. However, at the same time, she is able to empathize with the feelings of other people. To some degree, these differences can be explained by the fact that the action of the film takes place at the end of the twentieth century. In turn, Estella leaves in a society in which class distinctions are not as marked as they were at the time when Dickens wrote his novel. Yet, this screen version helps the audience to look at the inner world of this character. It is possible to say that these changes make Finn’s unconditional love for this woman more convincing. One can say that in the novel, she is depicted as a symbol of high social status that the protagonist wants to achieve. In turn, in the movie, Finn loves Estella because he understands that deep in heart, she is a caring person who is able to feel love. Furthermore, their final reconciliation appears to be an expected ending of the movie. Moreover, the viewers are prompted to feel compassion for the misfortunes of this woman whose moral values were not properly shaped during childhood. On the whole, these examples indicate that a film adaptation of the novel can throw a new light on different characters depicted by the writer. Estella, portrayed by Gwyneth Paltrow is a woman who appears to be cruel or at least callous. Nonetheless, the
PedalSpark is a small maker of high-end electric bicycles, and the firm considers an opportunity of whether it is suitable to start selling its products on Amazon. It is not an easy question, and specific research is required to get insight into the topic. That is why the given paper will present two questions that should be answered before moving ahead. The first issue is whether Amazon offers significant benefits for such companies, and the second one refers to whether e-bikes are popular on Amazon. Thus, one should begin by identifying the advantages that Amazon can have. Firstly, Breslin (2020) mentions that it refers to a global base of buyers. There is no doubt that when a company enters Amazon, its customer base increases significantly. Secondly, Amazon provides companies with a developed infrastructure, which makes distributing products more convenient for both buyers and sellers (Breslin, 2020). In addition to that, it is reasonable to consider how requested e-bikes are on Amazon. According to Taylor (2019), these products are relatively popular there, which can be proved by numerous discounts offered on e-bikes in 2019. The information above has presented essential information on whether it is rational for PedalSpark to start selling on Amazon. Furthermore, additional research should precede the process of making the final decision. In this case, it is necessary to identify whether Amazon offers significant drawbacks to direct-to-consumer companies and what margins will be implied. Answers to these questions will help the