ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Definition of a Strategy Various scholars have produced diverse views on what constitutes a strategy. From the business perspective and integrating the views of various scholars, a strategy can be defined as the determination of long-term objectives and purposes of a given venture. The strategy also involves taking up the courses of action as well as the allocation of resources that would be required to attain the objectives and goals (Grant, 2010). The key elements in the definition are the long-term goals and objectives as well as the allocation of resources. The elements distinguish the business strategy from the approaches normally applied by the enterprises to attain a particular goal. In fact, the strategy is the overall long-term plan through which resources are allocated to establish a better firm’s position (Grant, 2010). Strategy as a plan of action The strategy is the plan of action, the business perspective, the firm’s strategic positioning as well as pattern and direction the firm would like to follow in order to attain the desired objectives (Mintzberg, 2009). The definition is a combination of diverse views and perspectives of a strategy. In essence, a strategy connects highly ranked objectives or the guiding principles with concrete actions (Kane & Lonsdale, 2012). The strategy fills the gap that normally exists between the cause and the results. As such, short-term strategy can be described as the multifaceted network of considerations, views, approaches, understandings, aspirations, capabilities, reminiscences, discernments and prospects that make available the wide-ranging direction for precise procedures in pursuit of an exact goal (Morrill, 2010). In fact, the strategy is the general framework that offers direction on the kind of actions the business should take and is normally shaped by the very act. In other words, the precondition for formulating a strategy is the acknowledgement of the objective and goals to be attained (Mintzberg, 2009). In the circumstances that the business lack objectives, there is a likelihood of missed opportunities, disjointed efforts as well as pursuing diverse purposes. Therefore, the strategy is closely linked to the aims, vision and mission of the firm (Smith & Grimm, 2005). In fact, all the decisions involved in the strategy relate to all activities as well as the operations of the firm. The strategy is an efficient and logical way of undertaking the decisions. Strategy as a source of competitive advantage The major aim of a business strategy is to achieve a competitive advantage (Kippenberger, 2006). As such, the elements of a successful business strategy include long-term, simple and agreeable objectives, the increased knowledge of the competitive environment and the a
The article “Ways Women Lead” vividly portrays the main methods and ways followed by women leaders in management. The author states that these values are needed to ensure that entities in institutions perform as one unit. These shared values are entrenched in the culture of organizations. Women’s leadership style can be characterized as transformational leadership. Women leaders try to use personal charisma and traits to persuade people and change the self-interest of subordinates. The culture being followed in companies act as a consolidator of the beliefs, goals, assumptions, and values of the members. The intense sharing of makes values accustomed to members hence creating a strong organization. In most instances, strong organizations provide the best results. These outcomes are critical in ensuring the existence of firms in competitive industries and markets. The superior performance of firms described with strong cultures has been developed through socialisations and other communication techniques. In this case, women use a so-called “interactive leadership” based on knowledge sharing and critical analysis of the success of the organization. The process of socialization attempts to allow individuals to accept the values necessary in building strong organizations. Leaders reinforce these values through the promotion of behavioral norms and other important aspects. Employees are believed to demonstrate a higher level of commitment in organizations that exude strong cultures. Some personnel equates their personal values to the values maintained by firms before setting the commitment. Employees with inconsistent views compared with the companies are expected to leave before their first year. Despite the broadness of firms’ strength, most perception of culture leads to the performance of the firms. Rosener underlines that the main difference between men and women leaders in human relations with employees. Women leaders always try to create a positive climate and relations during a meeting (Rosener 1990). They use such tools as encouraging, power, and information to influence a subordinate. Some women leaders address problems through rules and procedures instead of values. Organizations that prefer this mode are often considered as the determinant of weak culture. The development of leaders is often equated with their ability to go along with the growth of their subordinates. This is a crucial part that most successful leaders have undergone. Women leaders are more interactive than men le
EEG & Neuroimaging Techniques Phineas Gage Technique   * How it works:       + Phineas Gage survived brain injury after a catastrophe with an iron rod.       + This technique scrutinizes the behavioral pattern of an individual after some brain damage caused by an accident (Nevid, 2008). This method is a case study of Phineas Gage who survived a brain injury. It has very minimal control on experiments. However, circumstances that cannot be quantified in the laboratory can be handled using this method. Besides, the connection between the structure and function of the brain can be studied. Lesions Technique   * Mode of Operation:       + The behavioral characteristics of an individual is examined especially after undergoing damage of the brain owing to infections, psychosurgery or factors related to genes ( Pinel, 2007).       + Entails removing or destroying a section of the brain (Baars & Gage, 2010). Some parts of the brain structure is destroyed or lesion and then after the recovery of the individual, the degree of the damage is assessed against behavioral patterns. EEG & Neuroimaging Techniques Electroencephalogram (EEG)   * How it works:       + The electrical activity taking place in the human brain can be recorded and then amplified for easy monitoring.       + The sensors are placed right on the scalp of the brain.       + Electrodes or sensors are used to capture waves emanating from the brain (Baars & Gage, 2010). The resolution of this technique is temporarily high. Besides, the method is not invasive since the procedure is relatively painless. However, this brain study method has a poor spatial resolution. Computerized Axial Tomography scan   * Mode of operation:       + The three dimensional (3D)
Social media has become a big part of people’s lives in the recent years. Due to this fact, it is essential for a company to have a social media presence as a communication channel with prospective customers. According to Patel (2018) “it’s no longer just a place for your family and friends” (para. 1). A company can benefit from social media presence as it will allow it to have a communication channel with its customers. According to Lindsey-Mullikin and Borin (2017), the critical aspect of creating a social media strategy is understanding how potential clients behave online. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the competitive advantage a company can achieve when utilizing social media, in particular, live streaming services for video content. The fictional organization in this assignment is a clothing brand the primary distribution channel of which is its online shop. The company can decide to utilize social media, spesifically, video sharing services to engage more customers. Patel (2018) states that 95% of brand executives plan on including live video streaming into their marketing strategy for the following year (para. 10). Thus, the brand should utilize the opportunity of exploring a new marketing strategy to be able to achieve a competitive advantage. There is a variety of options that can be used to stream video for the company. As research suggests, consumers are becoming more interested in visual content, such as videos (Patel 2018). Therefore, many existing social networks have included the option of video streaming into their interfaces, for example, Facebook and Instagram. Additionally, services solely dedicated to the purpose have emerged, such as Periscope. According to Patel (2018), Facebook and Instagram are the two most popular streaming services; thus, the company should utilize those channels. According to Quesenberry (2018), it is essential to not solely focus on the numeric data from social media (amount of likes, shares, and comments), but to identify how the business model will be connected to it. It will engage potential customers and will help introduce the brand to the people. The usage plan for the strategy is to create a social media account in one of the platforms and advertise it through paid ads and social influencers to gain followers. The company can utilize the tool to stream different aspects of its operations that will help build a connection with potential customers. According to Patel (2017), people are interested in being engaged in the streaming process by commenting, which is another advantage of this strategy. Firstly, the videos can
Introduction Casablanca is a thrilling film that combines archetypical situations and several genres to acquire extraordinary status as the quintessential Hollywood film. It contains dramatic conflicts of politics and love giving it a tasty flavor through mixing the foreign mood settings and style together with Popular American Tunes (Eco, 1987). Casablanca has included many quotable lines that no one can ever look down upon them. More so, popular music has been included in the film. It is a wonderful idea that it can match with other styles in the movie. It is due to the wonderful combination of style and song together with dialogue that this paper intents to discuss at a greater depth. Development and Origin One can simply identify the name Stein at opening of most films of early 1930s up to 1940s. He is considered as one of the greatest composers of over 150 films of the Hollywood films. Hollywood movies has used several popular tunes including As Time Goes by , which was composed and written by Hupfeld Herman and appeared on Broadway in 1931 which feature in everybody’s welcome (Field, 1984). This particular play never went on stage but provided a basis for Casablanca. The director of the film acknowledges that the song stayed on radio as “ Hit Parade ” for around twelve weeks although not in a different version as found in the film. However due to the ban of the recording musician union, the Rudy Vallee of 1931 became a hit (Jørholt, 1989). It has a verse that is not found in the film. According to Steiner in the interview of 1943 says that song attracted most of people who had a change to listen to it. Popular tunes circulation between movies and movies came from as far as the early 20 th century (Langkjær, 2000). The inventions also include the radio and the records. According Peatman’s survey, Hollywood had more than eighty percent of their songs performed as early as 1942. Intermingling techniques According to the film Casablanca, sound is much dependent on visual effects together with the scenes that appear on the screen (Eco, 1987). The major theme of Casablanca is extremely well known and has had several rerecording in various ways. The main factors in this context are shooting and screening. Shooting in movies is done then editing follows to remove any unwanted pictures or sounds from the film. This is a crucial job done by dialogue editors. They ensure that the film has the required flow of events and scenes follow one another as desired. They also ensure that the sound is correctly attached to the sound effects consistently. Some sounds maybe trapped in the process of shooting. There are soundproof blimps that prevent this form of sound so that the images can match with the desired sounds during editing. A keen study of the movie indicates that there were several challenges in shooting and editing movies in earlier developments. More so, matching of sound and images was a great disaster (Jørholt 1989). According to Casablanca, the audience does not interested in all that is happens during shooting p
Introduction This report discusses the strategy of Nestlé, a multinational enterprise (MNE) with a broad brand portfolio in the processed food industry. It is structured in four main sections. The first part provides a brief background to Nestlé, its product offerings, market share, and position in its industry, among others. An analysis of the company’s external environment in its home country and suggested corporate-level strategies are presented in section two and three. In the next part, business-level strategic proposals for Nestlé are described followed by a conclusion summarising the findings and suggestions. Background to Nestlé Nestlé is a multinational corporation that manufactures and markets about 10,000 household brands across 130 countries worldwide (Varma & Ravi 2017). It was founded in 1866 with the launch of infant formula. It owns local subsidiaries – factories and research centres – in 80 nations. Nestlé’s headquarters are in Switzerland, but its multinational strategy development involves collaboration among strategic business units (SBUs) spread across three market zones: European market, the Americas, Asia, Oceanica, African region, and the Middle East (Nestlé 2017). Each SBU concentrates on a specific product line, e.g., coffee and beverages, and cooperates with the firm’s R&D department to ensure consumer-driven strategy and innovation. Nestlé has implemented some innovative ideas in its product development; therefore, the company was selected for this analysis to provide insights into its strategic capabilities and responses to outer-organisational forces. An abridged version of Nestlé’s vision is “to bring consumers foods that are safe, of high quality and provide optimal nutrition to meet physiological needs” (Nestlé 2018, para. 2). This statement shows a pledge to offer superior nutritional products. Its mission is to “make better food so that people live a better life” (Nestlé 2018, para. 1). Its objective is to offer tasty and healthier food choices conveniently to consumers. Nestlé’s market share and position in the fast-moving consumer goods industry are illustrated in Figure 1 and 2 below. It is found that coffee is the best performing segment (27% market share) of Nestlé (Figure 1). The firm is a market leader in instant coffee, infant formula, and baby food (Figure 2). Figure 1: Percentage Global Market Share (Schneider 2017). Figure 2: Market Positions in Different Segments (Schneider 2017). Outer-Organisational Environment of Nestlé Porter’s Five Forces Model gives a framework for analysing a firm’s internal and external environments and strategy development (Hitt,
Netflix, through Mr. Tom Dillon, worked on improving the software. Netflix developed a distribution system in San Jose. Dillon used the data he had to design a software program that helped Netflix to determine the best locations for Netflix distribution centers. The program continually evaluated and adjusted the best locations for distribution. Netflix also assisted the customers to develop the habit of online rentals. The online technology contributed to reaching the new clients quickly and even influenced the referencing of new customers. The fulfillment operations enabled the customers to rate and list the movies. The organization was able to cluster the customers depending on their desired movies. It could also assemble movies and recommend them to the client. The software could help marketers to know their target market and how to tackle it. The operations became cheaper. The customers could rent and stay with the movies as long as they wanted. The mathematicians formulated the algorithms that came up with Cinematch. It was an electronic matchmaking concept. Membership subscriptions grew to over 100,000. Netflix came up with the home rental library program. The Serialized Delivery Program was an automatic way of sending movies to customers. The Queue also came into being a part o the serialized delivery. The record DVD release also entered into the market by the year 2000. The Cinematch program created customer clusters. It involved the people who had rated the same movies similarly. It also helped the organization know the number of copies that were available before doing a delivery. A company like Netflix could not launch today. The original business model of providing classic films to customers could be a setback in itself. The entertainment industry has advanced greatly. One must launch on the platform of online ordering and supply. But there would still be stiff competition.
Due to the rise of the globalization process, as well as development of social networks on the internet, there is a growing tendency of cross-cultural communication. People from various cultures engage into communication and, therefore, the emerging problems and barriers in communication is a frequent occasion. Cultural differences, ethical concerns, personal judgments, and theoretical approaches often prevent people with different backgrounds from communicating successfully with each other. In Australia, many people with diverse cultural origins have to communicate with each other. Within this context, it is often a challenge for people to find common topics because of different backgrounds and experiences. Moreover, a range of cultural groups located in one country might not share common historical experiences and outlooks on life. For instance, a person of Australian origin is ignorant of the importance of body language, as well as intonation, which is important in Chinese culture. Therefore, this person will face serious difficulties while communicating with a Chinese person. At the same time, Chinese Australians can face the challenges of adjusting to the dominant culture. The major barrier here is strongly associated with language learning because Chinese people experience great difficulties in mastering pronunciation, spelling, and grammar of the English language. With regard to the above considerations, the value of good interpersonal communication is extremely high; otherwise, people with diverse historical and cultural backgrounds will have problems with adjusting to a host culture. In order to conceive the main principles of successful interaction in a culturally diverse environment, it is necessary to learn several very important concepts. To begin with, the world community should be fully aware of the globalization process leading to multiculturalism in all spheres of life and, therefore, people should strive to adhere to ethical standards of global communication, as well as learn peculiarities of various cultures (Beebe, Beebe, & Redmond 2005). Second, the emergence of multi-cultural societies should be accompanied by the creation of new rules and principles of interpersonal communication. Finally, people should recognize and understand the actual importance of culture as a set of knowledge, experiences, beliefs, norms and values that is shared among a social group (Beebe, Beebe, & Redmond 2005). It also influences the lifestyles of individuals, shaping peculiar patterns of social behavior that develop over time (Lewis & Slade 2000). A variety of ethnic backgrounds in one country can create a number of challenges in terms of social interaction and communication. The point is that smaller ethnic groups living within larger ethnicity are regarded as minority cultures but this situation should not influence the attitude of the host culture to these groups. Greater respect and attention to various cultures improves significantly the process of communication (Lewis & Slade 2000). For instance, Chinese Australians living within the broader context of Australian culture should be provided with enough space
Situational Analysis Objectives Currently, I am a final year student undertaking a course in finance. After clearing my course, I intend to further my career by venturing into the finance field. This will contribute towards the attainment of my career objective- to be a financial analyst- by gaining a high level of competency. In order to achieve this, I plan to go to Dubai and work at the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). The decision to go to DIFC is due to the fact that DIFC is the ranked as an international financial centre with the highest growth rate. Going to Dubai will increase the chances of accessing NASDAQ which is classified as a world class financial and stock exchange market. In addition, the centre serves a wide range of countries in East Asia and Western Europe (“Your gateway to growth” para.1-3). This will contribute towards an improvement in my financial analyst skills by associating with a wide range of individuals in the finance field. In addition, DIFC will give me an opportunity to enhance my financial skills considering the fact that the institution deals with diverse financial activities. In order to exploit the opportunities presented within the financial field, it is my objective to establish a financial consultancy firm which will be located in Dubai. In order to achieve this, it is my objective that I will complete my bachelor degree in finance successfully. After graduatin
There are so many online communicators people may use every day in order to meet personal needs and achieve positive results within the professional sphere of life, for example. There are so many things people can do online and even do not leave the room; numerous innovations within the Internet technologies provide users all over the world with different abilities to develop their sills, exchange information, learn more captivating facts, and help the others to comprehend how wonderful and useful the web world is. Facebook and MySpace are the two most popular networking websites, where people get a chance to communicate, create profiles, share information, etc. Nowadays, it is hard to imagine that, at the beginning of the 21 st century, people had no ideas of what Facebook or MySpace meant and how people could spend so much time there. If a person has a chance to improve own work and communication, he/she is going to use one of these online community without any doubts and without taking into account that this use may be harmful. Such mediums for communication like Facebook and MySpace have lots of advantages and disadvantages; to comprehend the essence of their impact on people, it is better not only to know some general facts about these websites, but also be ready to analyze, compare, and realize their benefits and negative aspects. First of all, it is necessary to admit that a certain battle between Facebook and MySpace takes place for a long period of time. These two networking websites cannot clear up which one has more dominance nowadays, which one has more international page views, and which one has heftier traffic. In spite of the fact that MySpace is one year older than Facebook, the latter has a certain number of benefits and advantages and can easily compete with the former. Kleindorfer (2009) admits that numerous websites like Facebook have “risen from the primordial swamps of cyberspace to become major players based primarily on the power of their networks” (p.4). This is why it is not that surprisingly that Facebook and MySpace have advantages and disadvantages at the same time and have different impact on people and their online communication. Each of the above-mentioned websites has constant users and those people, who just visit it from time to time. The preferences of users for one of the