ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Firstly, the budget, income, and substitution has an influence on the current situation on the beef market and affect the grill’s popularity simultaneously. Firstly, the earnings and budget of the household control the consumption of the particular products and behavioral patterns (Pagoso, Dinio and Villasis 89). In turn, various meat substitutes are present including direct and indirect competition. Additionally, people can select other methods of the meat preparation such as cooking at home. Furthermore, the restaurant and cafes, which offer the various dishes with meat, can be considered as the potential threat to the beef consumption. In this instance, the presence of these matters can negatively influence the demand due to the inability to provide affordable prices for the current income and the lack of ability to minimize the threats from the substitutes. It remains evident that the beef and grill’s markets are interdependent due to the necessity to be used at the same time for some cases. In turn, the increasing popularity of the grills might be a core reason for the escalation in the beef consumption disregarding its high prices and rarity. Furthermore, the increased costs of beef are the primary drivers of the growth of the prices for grills due to the interdependency of the components. Additionally, the concept of marginal utility is applicable, as the positive marginal utility implies the increase of the consumption of the additional good maximizes the popularity of the initial product among consumers (Jain and Ohri 92). In this case, the amplified demand is correlated with the marginal utility, as the customers are highly satisfied with the consumption of the products, which are promoted by the celebrity. In turn, the demand for beef increases the demand for grills and vice versa. Nonetheless, the rationality of the customer’s choices is questionable, as it is highly affected by the psychological influence. It remains apparent that the companies use celebrities to modify the perceptions of the customers by using authorized views (Pringle 77). In this instance, the demand for the beef and grills is driven by the promotion of the products by George Foreman. In this situation, the actions of the customers are logical from the psychological perspective due to the high influence of the authorities on the process. Nonetheless, the rationality of the consumer’s desire to purchase beef is questionable, as the prices tend to grow. In the context of this case, despite the ability of the prices to have a significant influence on demand, the role it was revealed that various social and psychological factors tended to affect the purchasing abilities of the customers (Antonides 51). Lastly, it remains evident that the prices of the final product are dependent on the costs of the resources, which are vital for the production (Johanson, Lundberg and Ryberg 16). In turn, the natural hazards caused the dramatic loss of cattle due to the presence of the increased levels of death in its popu
Clearly State the Problem Various challenges in nursing practice are associated with cultural peculiarities. The Jehovah’s Witnesses, the religious Christian movement representatives, oppose blood transfusion due to the passage of the Bible that prohibits blood consumption (Chojnowski, Janus, Bliźniewska, Robak, & Treliński, 2016). In the given case, the parents of a 14-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) refuse providing chemotherapy since it may require further blood transfusion to eliminate the myelosuppressive effect of chemotherapy. From the social and legal points of view, the problem is associated with the potential guardianship over this patient, which is likely to help him to have a remission, while his parents will still be opposed. At the same time, it is an ethical problem for a nurse to decide on the best option that will be most relevant to the patient’s health outcomes and quality of life, considering the views of parents as well (Zhou, Mohsen, Khan, & Guthrie, 2014). This paper focuses on scrutinizing the specified case in a comprehensive manner based on the available scholarly literature and legal documents. Get the Facts ALL is a malignant lesion of the hematopoiesis system accompanied by an uncontrolled increase in the number of lymphoblasts. It is manifested by anemia, symptoms of intoxication, increased lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, bleeding, and respiratory disorders. The basis of the treatment is chemotherapy that has two stages such as intensive care and maintenance therapy. Along with chemotherapy, the alternative options are composed of immunochemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and other techniques. The treatment plan for ALL is individually tailored to the level of risk in the given patient who is in a critical condition. The social context is characterized by the moral right of parents and that of care providers to decide for the child. Since they are Jehovah’s Witnesses, their refusal of blood transfusion presents a challenge to healthcare practitioners. As for the plan of care, in order to come up with the best solution, a range of consultations is required with the patient’s parents, the haematologist, the chemotherapist, and the oncologist. It is essential to determine the most adverse and positive impacts of the chemotherapy and blood transfusion (Harding, 2013). Also, consistent with Grace (2018), it is important to identify the criticalness of the current situation along with the role of any protractions in the treatment. Consider the Fundamental Ethical Principles The paramount ethical principles that should be taken into account while considering the present case are beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy. The latter implies that decision-making should involve no coaxing or coercion to allow patients have the autonomy of intentions and actions (Cashin et al., 2017). However, the given patient is underage, which means that his parents are responsible for his treatment. In this connection, it is critical to make sure that they are informed about all the aspects of ALL, their son’s health state, and any other related issues. Even though the paren
Introduction Norway is a modern Nordic country that is a neighbor to Russia, Finland and Sweden. The recent estimate puts its population to be about 4.78 million people, who habit in a 1,100 mile in length, thin, and hilly country. The extent of its rugged coastline is thrice its length. Although it is currently flourishing in other forms of trade, Norway is a traditionally fishing and shipping country. The country has vast oil and natural gas reserves that have propelled it to its status of financial stability. It is the fifth-largest exporter of crude oil and natural gas in the globe. Despite the current economic recession, its present unemployment rate of 2.6 percent is one of the least in the globe. Even though it is not a member of the European Union, it is connected to the economic block is by means of the European Economic Area (EAA) accord. This paper analyses the various political and cultural norms and value systems of Norway. Level of corruption Among the countries in the Nordic region, Norway is the most corrupt. It is at position twelve in the recent international comparison of level of corruption undertaken by Transparency International (Tisdall, n.d., para. 1). Norway has been sliding in the corruption list since the year 2000 when it was position six. It is hard to uncover corruption problems in the country since the media or the court hardly scrutinizes them adequately. Evaluation of the real level of corruption in Norway is complex because the individuals involved strive to cover their engagement in bribery and corruption deals. Because of the North Sea oil activity, deduction of the level of corruption is higher in Norway than in the other countries in the Nordic region. Public contracting of goods and services is the most prevalent area of corruption incidences in the country. Public workers disregard their roles and serve to fulfill personal interests or to satisfy a link of family members and friends. The money that the Norwegian government allocates for aid is another trouble spot as the support often is misdirected and fails to reach targeted area. A survey carried out by Price Waterhouse Coopers among the top leaders of ninety-five companies in Norway indicated that: “10% of top leaders have been exposed to attempts at bribery/greasing, 60% feel that corruption is necessary to get into markets or to win contracts in developing countries. Another 40% feel that private companies win contracts in the country as a result of bribery” (Clement, n.d., p. 5). This survey indicates that corruption is not a myth in this developed country. The negative effect of corruption to the Norwegian economy has triggered many companies in the country to be actively involved in fighting it. Payoffs for entry-business ethics In Norway, business ethics involves evading breaking the criminal law while carrying out business, evading
The Hay criteria was formulated around 1950 and it utilizes a points-factor as its basis for job grading. The points-system is also used by other job grading mechanisms. The Hay Criteria is used by several companies around the country as a job-grading tool. Recently, there was discontent in the country when it emerged that the CEO of Ford Motors, Alan Mulally was making close to $30 million in the year 2012. This sum is 343 times higher than the amount made by an average worker in United States. While some people understood the circumstances leading up to Mulally’s high salary, others dismissed it as morally wrong. It is possible to justify or castigate this high salary using Hay criteria. The Hay method of job classification groups a job using numerous factors that relate to a job’s particulars. Among the categories that dominate the Hay criteria include know-how, accountability, working conditions, and problem-solving abilities. These categories can be used to assess Mulally’s salary basis. First, Mister Mulally’s know how is unquestionable. Mulally’s level of know how is supported by the fact that he used to work for Boeing Corporation, a giant plane manufacturing company before he joined Ford Motors. This means that Mulally has more than the required level of know how when it comes to the manufacturing industry. Boeing is a fortune 500 company that has a global presence. Ford is one of the biggest vehicle manufacturing companies in the United States and the rest of the world. This means that for anyone to be at the helm of such a company, his/her accountability must be verified beforehand. In addition, Mulally is accountable for the actions of thousands of employees that work for Ford Motors. For instance, if workers at Ford’s engineering department produced a faulty car model, the CEO would be blamed for it. The threshold of accountability for Mulally is quite high because Ford has over ten thousand employees. When it comes to working conditions, Mulally has already qualified in this category because he took the job when the fortunes of the company and country were on the downward spiral. These tough economic conditions can qualify as ‘hostile’ working conditions. The last category in the Hay criteria is the employee’s
The author describes the structures that governments in the US should aim at achieving (Madison par. 1). The Federal Constitution provides the best platform upon which power could be shared between the state and national governments. The sharing of power is essential in the process of governance because government services are taken closer to the citizens and the citizens’ views are considered by leaders. The considerations are important in improving people’s lives through improved infrastructure and economic gains. However, complaints have been raised about unwarranted partiality (Madison par. 3). One of the main reasons for the concerns among the citizens is that the US governments are unstable. Due to the instability, many citizens do not benefit from the devolved system of governance. The instability is precipitated by rival political parties, which spearhead their interests without considering the interests of the citizens. Other issues that have led to unstable governments in the US are nepotism, corruption, unfair wages, and unequal distribution of resources that result in unequal development in different parts of the US. If the US Constitution is implemented as it was intended, then such complaints could not be raised. A faction is a collection of people with common interests (Madison par. 6). A faction could be a few individuals or the majority of citizens in the community who are united by their impulse of passion that they aim at achieving. Examples of factions in the US are the political parties whose members unite to achieve political interests. The political interests are only obtained when such members ascend to power. The existence of factions does not promote liberty of the majority citizens, but a few people who are members of such factions. However, liberty could be improved by removing factions. One of the ways of removing factions from the community is through the destruction of liberty that characterizes factions. However, it could be difficult to abolish liberty that is enjoyed by the political class, because it promotes factions. Second, it could be important to teach the citizens the demerits of factions in society. However, such a move could not succeed because of the different opinions that are expressed by people. For example, religion has promoted the formation of factions because people identify with different denominations in the US (Madison par. 7). A republican government that accepts representation of the citizens so that their problems could be addressed by the top leadership (Auerbach, Schrotenboer, Uthman, and Wolken par. 2). A republican government also delegates to a significant extent its duties to ensure uniform representation at all levels. On the other hand, a democratic form of government is characterized by a majority of elected leaders (Madison par. 8). However, democratic governments could be limited to a smaller geographical region than republican governments. Madison asserts that a republican government could be a better form of government if it is implemen
Introduction In the usual analysis held by many scientists explain that the immune system is self-sufficient. This is to say that it is self dogmatic and occupation split and autonomous for the rest of the body. In the midst of the mounting hub on the comparatively new science of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), these aged reports are becoming less justifiable. Psychoneuroimmunology was discovered by Dr.Robert Ader 1975 who was the director and psychosocial medicine at the New York University of Rochester. In his theory, he concluded that there is a connection among our thoughts, our wellbeing and our capability to restore our health. The theory by Dr Robert Ader gives the scientific field of study and the meaning of Psychoneuroimmunology. (Andersen, etal, 1994, p.389) In their theory, they commented that a person’s body and its operations has forever been the theme of enormous attention to many. This science effort was to study the consequences of intellectual and emotional issues in the healing method. Their research also clarifies the protection method of the human body and its resistance to different disarray as it’s mainly influenced by psychosomatic method. There after, Psychoneuroimmunology was extended explaining deep about the human physiology. During this stage, they now involved in the inspection of precise machine in brain which helped in to the immunity and resistance to harm. (Cohen, etal, 1991, p.325) These adjustments in the psychosocial actions have influenced the healthiness structure of people. It is believed that stress and diseases are profoundly associated. You will find that events in people like lose of loved ones or being in a natural disaster sternly influence the immune structure. In there theory, some changes like in hormonal balance, emotional and behavioral are variations of stress. The changes are believed to be important in preserving the operating accord of mind and body. Following a certain point, stress influences the stability in both the mental and physical status of the body. (Andersen, etal, 1994, p.389) The theory of Walter Cannon and Hans Selye explains a certain psychopathology. To start with, psychopathology refers to either the study of mind infirmity or psychological distress the sign of behaviors and occurrences which may be indicative of psychological infirmity or mental harm. If you look keenly, you w
In the novel called The Trial , Franz Kafka presents a metaphorical outlook on law and legality and reflects on the influence of modernity and bureaucracy on criminal justice system. The novel offers a distorted version of the court system, where the readers focus on the trial process, although the opening part of the story already focuses on the ambiguity of the situation (Kafka, 2005). More importantly, the story interpretation allows the readers to understand the current situation in the U. S. civil litigation, as well as criminal justice process. While drawing the parallel between successful metaphorical comparisons, Kafka manages to identify the ubiquity of the court system due to the increased suspicion and court’s inaccurate representation of facts. Interpreting the trial process held on Josef K. closely resembles the U.S. criminal justice process. In the novel, the readers could anticipate that the protagonist will be arrested and tried, but there is no accurate information on what he is accused of. Thus, while grasping the essence of the opening scenes and comparing them with the U.S. criminal justice system, specific attention requires the restrictions imposed on humble members of society who have been charged. In the novel, K lives in a totalitarian country, which contradicts the democratic principles accepted in the United States. Within the context of the story, this position is justified because the courts and their subsidiaries are located in attics, in the cathedral, and in even in the apartment. The ubiquity of the court facilities represents the relation between the court officials working within the court system and the actual legal procedures practiced outside it. Hence, there is a slight commonality between the inside and outside representation of the justice system. In the novel, the protagonist remains alone when he is outside his apartment, but he is under the pressure as soon as he is inside the judicial system. The outsiders persecuting K may hire lawyers whereas the accused are limited in his rights because of the absence of alternatives. Dominance of legal system over human faith is explicitly reproduced in The Trial. While representing the actual process of returning a verdict, there is no substantial ground for the accused. The only reason for accusing Josef K is premised on the agreement of the majority who consider it insignificant to inform the defendant about the crime he committ
Introduction Incorporating health informatics in anesthesiology is beneficial due to better patient data collection, storage, and circulation, which results in timely decision-making. Computer technologies embedded into anesthesia information management systems (AIMS) help Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) interpret patients’ physiological data and deliver appropriate care using the anesthesia workstation. Informatics applications collect data directly from the latter and transfer it to databases and documentation systems, improving other clinical functions and facilitating patient safety. Main body To incorporate the concept of patient health informatics, the Anesthesia Department should consider AIMS and its embedded tools. This system improves anesthesia displays due to better records, timely bedside documentation, and frequent bedside scanning and monitoring. As a result, health care professionals turn to less biased and erroneous intraoperative data during their work since the recorded data is more robust than the handwritten one. It also supplements the knowledge of anesthesiologists by enabling the “synthesis of large amounts of patient data, current literature, and clinical guidelines.” Clinical decision support (CDS) assists anesthetists in avoiding care omission by accurately displaying patient data. In addition, it provides prompts and reminders to them for timely intraoperative interventions. For instance, AIMS sends real-time visual reminders to health care professionals to remind them to administer antibiotics during surgeries. The system is also able to compare the performance of a particular provider to the facility’s standards. CDS was found to improve antibiotic administration and facilitate anesthesia billing. Implementation of CDS within AIMS addresses documentation and clinical weaknesses of anesthesia departments by enhancing practice changes that improve financial sustainability and quality of patient care. Furthermore, computerized physician order entry (CPOE), a part of CDS, assists clinicians in writing proper care and medication orders for their patients. Mastrian and McGonigle argue that “CPOE solves the safety issues associated with poor handwriting and unclear or incomplete medication orders.” It avoids typical mistakes associated with verbal orders and paper-based systems. RFID technology often accompanies CPOE to monitor medication circulation within medical facilities setting a system of checks and balances. The system warns about possible drug allergies, interactions, or overdoses and enhances collaboration between physicians, CRNAs, and pharmacists. It is very challenging for practitioners to remember how to adjust all drugs in the case of a specific disease; thus, CPOE contributes massively to patient safety by providing dosing parameters. Qualified Clinical Data Registry (QCDR) is a reporting mechanism that