ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological Effects There are several pathophysiological effects that are associated with smoking and a majority of smokers are at risk of suffering from one of these effects or the other. Mobascher and Wintere (2008) point out that the pathophysiological effects of smoking are usually brought about by the many harmful chemicals that are contained in tobacco. According to Mobascher and Wintere (2008) these chemicals have been shown to have adverse effects in the smoker’s body and even those people who are exposed to second hand smoke. The chemicals normally adversely affect most of the body’s principal organs including the heart, lungs, kidneys and brain. Starting with the heart, smoking has been shown to result to damage of the arterial walls. This consequently compromises the arteries capacity to transfer blood to the heart effectively. This implies that the arteries capacity to supply oxygen to the heart might be compromised with resulting to heart related medical complications such as heart attacks or strokes. In addition to the heart, smoking also might result to adverse effects on the lungs and indeed the entire respiratory system. Mobascher and Wintere (2008) assert that smoking can result in reduction of the lung capacity consequently leading to breathing difficulties. Some of the specific ways through which smoking can result in reduced lung capacity include; reducing the size of airways and increasing the rate of accumulation of mucus material in the lungs. These effects have the impact of increasing the lungs vulnerability to infectious diseases including lung cancer (Mobascher & Wintere, 2008). Dependence on Nicotine In addition to the effects of smoking on the various body organs including the heart and lungs, smoking has also been shown to have adverse effects on the brain resulting to a compromise of the entire nervous system. According to Porth (2010), nicotine, one of the chemicals contained in tobacco, is responsible for the brief “feel good” feeling that is usually brought about by smoking. This feeling, as pointed out by Porth (2010), is usually directly as a result of stimulation of a specific part of the brain known as the mesolimbic system. It is this stimulation that results to the fell- good effect of nicotine. However, Porth (2010) notes that the stimulation and the resultant effect brought about by nicotine is short lived, and this aspect is what is behind the addictive effects of tobacco. This is because, in order to experience this effect the smoker needs to ‘light up’ many times. In doing so,
Introduction Pregnancy and parentage are not very easy. At first, an individual feels a strong urge to have a child. The couple would make a deliberate attempt to get a child. When the pregnancy fails to come at the expected time, some form of despair may fall on the couple, especially the woman. When the news about pregnancy is revealed, the woman is always thrilled about it, though there are always some fears. The woman would be happy that she would be a mother soon. The thought of having a bouncing baby boy or girl is very thrilling. However, when one imagines the process of delivering the child, some form of fear sets in. this is especially so when it is the first pregnancy. Many people always talk about labor pain. An imagination of going through labor pain may make the women feel uncomfortable. However, this fear is always easily eliminated by the thought of being a parent in a near future. When the pregnancy is well planned, it makes the whole process less complicated, as both parents would be ready for the pregnancy and the expected child. In this case, the parent who was interviewed was 28. She got pregnant when she was 26 and the spouse was 29. This was a relatively young family. They did not take long in the marriage before getting the pregnancy as they had been together for only seven months. The conception was very normal and there was no attempt by the couple to use any form of medication to help in the conception. Main body The mother was the first to learn of the pregnancy. She had noticed that she had missed her menstrual periods and had developed some nausea that was not usual. She visited a doctor who, upon conducting a pregnancy test, confirmed to her that she was pregnant. She was thrilled with this news. This was specifically so because they had decided that they were ready for the child. She felt that the child cares at the right time and that both of them were able to give the child good care. When she gave the news to the husband, he was overjoyed. He was very happy to be a prospective father. He always noted that the child would be named after one of his parents. He grew more caring towards the mother and always ensured that she did not engage in any physically demanding jobs. When the news about the pregnancy reached the parents of the man, they were so happy. They sent their youngest daughter to take care of the expectant mother. They would visit frequently, bringing in gifts to the expectant mother and her husband. When the parents of the woman were informed, they too were happy with the news. They also sent gifts and grew closer to the young family. Life was generally good for the couple, especially due to the support from the extended family. The expectation of the man was that the child would be a girl. He wanted to name her after the mother who took good care of him when he was a child, until his maturity. On the other hand, the woman wanted
The antiterrorism effort is one of those themes that is widely distributed both by the mass media and the scientific community. In other words, it is the point of concern of the entire global society. In the meantime, the question arises regarding the value of the active social discussion in terms of problem resolution. Thus, the articles under analysis are devoted to the examination of the factors that determine the longevity of the terrorist groups. Hence, Phillips and Jordan offer their theories aimed at raising the effectiveness of the common anti-terrorist effort. On the face of it, the articles might elucidate different problems, and no parallels can be possibly drawn between them. However, a closer analysis shows that they have more common traits than it may seem at first sight. The first article under discussion is devoted to the problem of the interconnections that exist between terroristic groups and the impact they have on the longevity of the latter. Thus, Brian Philips tries to fill in the gaps that the relevant scientific knowledge has in terms of analyzing the role of the interconnection between terroristic groups. The author offers a series of critical insights into the framework of this theme. First and foremost, it should be noted that the author is probably the first to apply the social network theory to the examination of the collaboration between terrorists. Besides, he puts a particular focus on group collaboration rather than the individual support that terrorists might provide one to another. Hence, according to the author, this collaboration contributes to prolonging the longevity of terroristic groups by facilitating access to the resources essential for their survival (Philips 337). Generally speaking, Philips’s speculations rely on the four main hypotheses. Thus, his research is designed to check the correlation between the size of the network and the longevity as well as the interconnection between the type of the state’s regime and the longevity. As a result, the two principal conclusions are drawn relying on the research findings. First of all, Philips finds empirical proof for the beneficial role of the collaboration between terrorists in assuring a longer existence (343). Secondly, the author points out that active cooperation and support between terroristic groups are more significant in authoritarian regimes where terrorists experience more powerful pressure on the part of the government. It should be necessarily noted that the core value of Philips’s article resides in his complex and scientific approach in addressing the analyzed problem. Hence, the article has a consistent structure, and all the author’s assumptions are accompanied by relevant statistical data or case studies. The second article is devoted to the analysis of the same problem that Philips discusses – the factors that determine the resilience of terroristic groups. In the meantime, Jenna Jordan addresses this problem from a different per
Introduction The problem of insufficient patients’ compliance to the medication regimens remains a burning health care issue in Australia. Millions of patients miss their medications on a regular basis that leads to the worsened patient outcomes and increased costs of care. The following project will observe the scope of the problem along with its causes and will provide the IT solution applicable to the needs of both patients and health care providers. The Issues of Medication Compliance in Australia Patients’ incompliance with medication is as dangerous and costly as the majority of illnesses (Currie et al., 2016). Medication compliance in patients in Australia is connected with the following major issues:  1. missing medications in case of relief;  2. poor knowledge of certain medicines storage rules (Grover, Armour, Van Asperen, Moles, & Saini, 2013). One of the health issues that illustrate the situation is asthma. Since asthma is a chronic condition, it cannot be fully cured but it can be significantly improved if properly managed with the help of medications (National Asthma Council Australia, 2014). In Australia, asthma is getting a health issue of special concern given that over two million people are already affected by the disease (National Asthma Council Australia, 2014). Moreover, the rate of asthma incidence in the country is one of the highest in the world (National Asthma Council Australia, 2014). Asthma is also a huge concern in the youngest age category since one of eight children is likely to be diagnosed with this disorder at a certain moment of their lives (Grover et al., 2013). According to National Asthma Council Australia (2014), over fifty percent of patients having asthma reported to have over one case of medications missing a week during the periods of relief. Over thirty percent of these patients stated that they lacked knowledge on proper storage regimen for keeping their asthma drugs (National Asthma Council Australia, 2014). The example of asthma medications demonstrates that patients with the chronic illnesses tend to forget to take their medicines quite often. Research conducted by Currie et al. (2016) supports this conclusion by stating that patients with acute illnesses have higher adherence rates to the medications they have been prescribed. Overall, insufficient adherence to medications in Australian people causes further problems decreasing effectiveness of the country’s healthcare system including complications, poor therapeutic outcomes in patients, and low degree of care cost-effectiveness (Hatah, Braund, Tordoff, & Duffull, 2014). The problem is especially the case in the rural southern territories of Australia (Hatah et al., 2014). Description of the System Design In order to provide a solution to the problem of insufficient compliance to the medication regimen in Australian residents, this project aims to offer the IT system application for the use by both patients and health care professionals. This application will target the main problems and barriers that prevent patients in Australia from being fully comp
Multi Country Strategy Compared to Global Strategy Any business entity requires expanding its territory and especially venturing into international markets to increase its market share. In entering new markets, a firm has to choose the best strategy to use in order to win the confidence of customers. In this regard, a firm can choose to use either global strategy or multi country strategy. Global strategy means that a firm uses one single strategy for every country that it ventures into. This strategy is based on the assumption that the world is a global village and demand trends are more or less similar (Porter & Kramer, 2006). On the other hand, a firm may also decide to implement a multi country strategy which means that a firm comes up with a new and unique strategy for each country in which it operates. The strategy is based on the principle that each country has a unique cultural background and therefore demand trends cannot be the same in every part. Airasia is one such company that implements multi country strategy where it partners with local investors whenever it ventures into a new market (Ko, 2009). Implementing a global strategy gives a firm chance to benefit from economies of scale since it does not have to set up new factories and production as well as other operations can be centralized. On the contrary, production in a multi country strategy has to be customized which means that a firm implementing this strategy has to set up new production units and headquarters in every location. Evergreen natural markets apply a more or less multi country strategy a reason as to why it maintains management of any shop it acquires (Kanter & Myres, 2012). In global strategy, a company produces standardized commodities while in multi county strategy products are produced according to the local demand specifications. In this regard, Apple Inc uses global strategy given that its products are standardized (Yoffie & Rossano, 2012). Global strategy is applicable in cases where goods have a high global demand thus making customers less stringent on specifications. Moreover, this strategy works well in markets that are globally competitive. On the other hand, multi country strategy is applicable where local responsiveness to a product is essential (Bingham & Davis, 2012). In this scenario, multi country competition is intense and therefore each firm has to struggle and meet customer specifications as accurately as possible to remain in business. Models of Business Level Strategies When a firm enters into any market, it has to decide which strategy to use in driving its sales. In this regard, a firm can choose to use cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy or integrate the two strategies. In cost leadership strategy, price is the main weapon that is used to woo customers to buy a firm’s products (Greer & Van Klee
Executive Summary The universal laptop industry is very competitive, and firms that cannot with stand the level of competition are forced to leave the market. In the upcoming years, variations in the new-fangled expertise and marketplace orders will transform the PC business standing. The demands for low-priced laptops will increase the number of market competitors, hence forcing laptop producing companies such as Apple Inc and Samsung to change their marketing strategies and business models to be successful. The commonly used IMC mix include direct marketing and personal selling, e-marketing, sales promotion, and advertising. This paper offers a literature review on the integrated marketing communication (IMC) mix, as well as a review of the laptop industry market. Finally, the paper compares the IMC strategies used by Samsung and Apple Inc to market their products to dominate the laptop industry. Introduction The universal laptop industry has become very competitive over the last few decades. To the computer manufacturers, a laptop is a moveable small mainframe that an individual can place on the lap and use. Whereas the industry for PC (personal computers) started in the fiscal 1970, Osborne 1, which was the earliest portable commercial computer, became feasible in the year 1981. The successive full-size affair in laptops narration materialized in the fiscal 1995. After that, Intel and Microsoft were accredited as the traditional makers of Intel laptops (hardware) and Windows (software) that are still being applied in personal computer production. In the last fifteen years, the increased hardware life, consumer mobility preference, and the escalating performance-price ratios have made laptop growth rate to surpass the number of desktops. The market value for the universal PC industry is anticipated to rise by 5.40% annually from the fiscal 2007 to 2012, and laptops are projected to be the key contributing segment for the PC industrial growth (Dalal & Shah, 2009). While the slow economic growth might hinder the growth rate for the PC industry, the laptop sector faces stiff rivalry from technologies and novel devices (See graphs and tables in the appendix). Laptop Industry Market Review In the universal laptop industry, novel technologies including HVDs (hosted virtual desktops) and cloud computing have emerged and altered the laptop industry requirements. Currently, th
This article is aimed at examining the efforts of the American government to overcome the effects of the Ebola epidemic. In particular, the Department of Defense intends to send more troops to West Africa in order to limit the spread of this disease in the region. Additionally, much attention should be paid to the cooperation between Pentagon and the Health and Human Services Department (The Kaiser Family Foundation, 2014b). The soldiers and medical workers will operate in Liberia which is badly affected by this disorder. Overall, the outburst and spread of this epidemic can be attributed to various factors. For instance, it is possible about the lack of cooperation between the governments of different countries that have the resources and expertise to minimize the effects of Ebola. Thus, one can speak about the political aspects of this problem. Additionally, it is important to mention that the effects of Ebola epidemic can be attributed to significant social problems within Liberia. In particular, one should speak about the inability of many people to afford medical services. Apart from that, one should not keep in mind that for a long time, the dangers of Ebola have been disregarded. The attitudes of international organizations and policy-makers have changed only at the time when the number of people affected by this disease has increased dramatically. More importantly, at this point it is quite probable that this virus can be transferred to other countries as well. This issue can be related to Millennium Developmental Goals. In particular, one should speak about the need to promote global partnership that can eventually foster the development of many people living in developing countries. Overall, the cooperation between healthcare organizations representing different countries can be vital for the identification of possible risks as quickly as possible. For instance, medical institutions can join their efforts to assist patients affected by contagious diseases such as Ebola. Furthermore, one should focus on the necessity to promote universal primary education. By achieving this goal, policy-makers can increase people’s awareness about the risk of contagious diseases. These are the main details that can be singled out. Question: What strategies would you recommend to limit the spread the Ebola epidemic in West Africa? U.S. Health Officials Move To Calm Fears Over Ebola As Epidemic Becomes Political Issue This article highlights the efforts of American policy-makers to curb panic provoked by the spread of the Ebola epidemic. It should be noted that one case of Ebola has already been registered in the United States. To a great extent, this event has highlighted the need to take precautions against the possible outbreak of this contagious disease in the country. This is why many journalists have expressed concerns about this risk of epidemic and its impact on public health in the country. In turn, many public administrators note that medical workers have quarantined p
Like many other businesses, restaurant management encompasses a wide range of strategies which have to be implemented in order to realize profitable results. Some of these aspects of hotel management include but not limited to revenue enhancement techniques, dining trends, training and development and menu design. This essay analyses The Cheesecake Factory website with reference to these management elements. The first feature that is noticed on the website of The Cheesecake Factory is the identification with customers and visitors. Before the entire information on the site loads, the visitor is requested to identify his or her location. This implies that the factory values visitors knowing that they are potential customers. Through feedback collected from this question, The Cheesecake Factory can have an understanding of the need to improve website services and cover certain areas as it purposes to maintain high competitive advantage in the restaurant business. The overall view of the factory’s homepage is amazing and attractive. At a glance, a visitor can easily tell that the factory operates in the hotel industry. Apart from informative links displayed on this page, there are animations of sample meals which are breath-taking and attractive to eyes and appetite. These animations give a menu link which briefly describes the item together with accompaniments. On the same page, viewers are prompted to search their locations to view a “take out menu” (The Cheesecake Factory 1). This link gives a map showing all the regions covered with a further search giving the location of the restaurant, additional services like parking and hours of operation. As mentioned above, the homepage gives several informative links for customers and visitors. The menu link gives a welcome note and a list of foodstuffs offered as displayed on the menu. From the welcome note, the customer is introduced to the countless number of foods served (The Cheesecake Factory 1). Moreover, customers are allowed to give specifications of their order for those who require customized meals. Besides this welcoming in information, customers can view the menu which gives a summarized description of each item including some of their accompaniments and composition. The list is endless, giving a variety for customers to choose from. The site a