ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease that is characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood (NCBI, 2010). Currently, there have been increased incidences of diabetes in our communities due to the modern sedentary lifestyle that has been predisposing people to obesity and failure to exercise regularly. For example, in America, diabetes affects over 20 million people and over 40 million Americans have early type 2 diabetes (NCBI, 2010). Hence, there is great need to educate and sensitize the community about this disease and initiate measure that can be taken to reduce and control it. An overview of the Community Health Diabetes Plan Diabetes is a major health issue that affects over 180 million people globally, and with its prevalence increasing steadily, it is responsible for approximately five percent of all deaths globally (Massey et al, 2010). Due to this awareness, there have been increased national and international interventions by giving diabetes a high priority area in healthcare provision. These interventions have been quite difficult to implement in rural communities due to hindrances such as distance from health clinics, high rates of poverty, cultural barriers, mistrust, limited access to health insurance, and minimal exposure to diabetes education (Massey et al, 2010). These hindrances make prevention, detection, and management of d
Whenever the Civil Rights Movement is mentioned, only a handful of names come to mind. It is now apparent that the Civil Rights Movement was a concerted effort orchestrated by a group of individuals. The only difference is that some of these gained “celebrity” status while the others slipped into oblivion. Besides Dr King and Malcolm X, other various individuals made substantial contributions to the modern Civil Rights Movement. These people have come to be known as the silent voices of the Modern Civil Rights Movement. Among this group, I find the life and work of Ella Josephine Baker to be worthy of recognition. This is the why she gets my nomination for recognition in the “Museum of Silent Voices of the Modern Civil Rights Movement”. Ella Baker was a native of Norfolk, Virginia. From an early age, Baker was exposed to the injustices faced by African Americans. As a young girl, her grandmother used to tell Baker stories about slavery and slave revolts. Baker served in many capacities during the years she was active in public service. However, her tenure as the head of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee is what should warrant Baker a place in the Museum. When studying at Shaw University, Baker began working with organizations of social activism. After completing her education, Baker’s first active Civil Rights Movement contribution was with the NAACP. She entered the organization as a secretary but she eventually managed to be the highest ranked woman in the organization. She was an outspoken contributor who advocated for the inclusion of women and young people in the NAACP. She also managed to form a network of southerners who later became major contributors to the Civil Rights Movement. Her splendid organizational skills were again manifested when she helped organize the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Her argument was that the conference would build on the momentum created by the accomplishments of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. During that 1957conference, the leaders pushed for voter registration. Her activities at the time covered Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. When she was working with the SCL
Introduction Global marketing can be defined as worldwide marketing which involves the movement of goods and services from one country to another. It is a form of free trade whereby there are no protective measures which are imposed on trade. Trade takes place globally without any restrictions to trade. When a country becomes a world trader, then it involves a common market for the selling of these goods. There are ambient conditions that affect marketing. Ambient conditions are environmental factors that affect the production of a product. There are several ambient conditions to the environment and some of them include ventilation, thermal conditions, noise and vibration, indoor air quality, outdoor air quality, lightning, scents among others. (Camuffo, 2003). The research investigates that the physical environment of the service delivery can have so much impact on the customer’s evaluation of the service experience and behavioral intentions. The physical environment is thought to have a wide impact on the consumer’s demand for certain goods and services. (Camuffo, 2003). Scents Most of the retailers have been using scents in most of their marketing activities. These scents are used to attract more customers to buy your product. For example, the air from the in-store bakery is usually blown into the store and this is meant to attract consumers’ attention and increase their interest in that product. This scent is supposed to market their product and its quality hence making the consumers buy more of this product. Recent technologies have come with diversified ambient scents which are usually used by retailers in the retail environment. Contrarily, ambient scents are thought not to originate from specific products and some people view them as environmental cues. These scents have a great impact on the consumers. Their influence on consumer behaviors goes beyond the signaling of this product. (Ghemawat, 2004). Many retailers usually use these scents to attract more customers and this condition is seen to be one of the ways which most retailers are commonly using to increase their sales. Research is been taken on how the ambient scents affect the products sold in the market by these retailers. Many researchers argue that most of the ambient scents have positive responses and are thought to influence these products so much. Other ambient conditions like increased temperatures affect the consumer’s response to the service environment. For example, disinfectants on certain fruits affect these products. They have an effect on the packaging and the storage environment on the quality of these fruits. You find that these fruits have storage temperatures and when these temperatures are increased or decreased, the quality of the product is affected hence have an influence on consumer demand. For example, the shelf life for mangoes kept in the evaporative cooling unit when increased for several days when compared to the ambient conditions, these temperatures affect t
Introduction Medicaid is a state program providing some low-income American citizens with low-cost or even free health coverage. The categories of the population usually eligible for Medicaid include the elderly, people with disabilities, some families and children, and pregnant women. Although the coverage differs from state to state, it allows the people below a certain income level to feel secure and receive care in case of necessity. However, a new initiative of Trump’s administration introduces Medicaid work requirements which are already supported in 10 states throughout the country (Goldstein, 2018). Although they are positioned as a positive change, many vulnerable population categories are under the risk of staying unprotected. Fact Presentation The fact that work requirements are to be imposed to be eligible for Medicaid is disturbing a great part of the American population. Some people refused to believe it was true, but the letter prepared by Medicaid directors left no doubt that changes are real. The letter provides states with an opportunity to reduce Medicaid benefits to some citizens who were previously eligible for this state program. Medicaid coverage is expected to be available for those people who “have a job, are in school, are a caregiver or volunteer, or participate in other approved forms of “community engagement” (Goldstein, 2018, para. 2). At present, ten states are ready to implement the innovation immediately after federal permission. Definition The suggested change in Medicaid coverage eligibility requirements means the following. States will have to restructure their Medicaid programs “to force individuals who would otherwise be eligible for Medicaid to work” (Chen, 2018, para. 2). A person is expected to work for about 20 hours a week to stay eligible for coverage and have a guarantee of medical care in case of necessity. Another disturbing issue is that the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provides states with significant flexibility in the ways and conditions of the implementation of the new requirements (Gleckman, 2018). It means that people cannot be sure if they are eligible for Medicaid until all conditions are settled and announced officially. Value of Change Imposing a work requirement on citizens in order to be eligible for and receive Medicaid benefits is an important issue that causes many arguments both in political and social spheres. On the one hand, it is expected to stimulate people who want to receive Medicare coverage and related benefits. On the other hand, it would leave a great part of vulnerable populations unprotected, and without the necessary access to healthcare services. Anti-poverty and healthcare advocates claim that the planned changes are cruel and lack rationality. They support their claims with facts that at present, eligible Medicaid recipients already have a job except for people with di
The Journal of Hospital Infection is a broadly acknowledged journal that significantly contributes to the studies in medicine and particularly infection. It may serve as a perfect platform to distribute any scholarly works related to the current COVID-19 pandemic. I strongly agree that the journal focuses on a wide variety of topics, and its scope correlates with the scope of the capstone project. According to Gray (2021), the Journal of Hospital Infection also covers such topics as infection outbreaks prevention and control, decontamination, and disinfection. The wide variety of topics should attract researchers and medical workers from different fields and regions. Such a diversified audience may play a significant role in distributing the capstone project. Moreover, medical employees and scholars from all over the globe may highly benefit from the key findings of the paper. The work may also represent great value not only in terms of educating the employees about the current pandemic but also for future infection outbreaks. I also agree that the Nursing World Conference may provide a great opportunity to present the findings of the capstone project. It may also introduce the key suggestions of the research to medical workers who may implement them in practice. Another aspect that I strongly agree with is the fact that the Nursing World Conference may bring the project to the international level. According to some sources, that more than 50 world leaders in the medical area and particularly nursing will participate in the conference ( 5Th edition of Nursing World Conference, 2021). Therefore, it may be possible to increase the scientific contribution of the capstone project to the international nursing community by providing translations of key findings.
Introduction With the advent of globalization, business enterprises have realized that they can no longer rely on domestic markets. In order survive, it is imperative for businesses to formulate strategies that enable them to sell their goods and services to customers across borders. Without a doubt, effective negotiation skills are critical for ensuring smooth operations in a multi-cultural environment. As the person in charge of a team that is negotiating a new employment contract with members of a multinational company, I am expected to design a negotiation strategy top deal with the negotiation issues involved with being a multinational company. The employees of the multi-cultural company are located in different countries including China and Indonesia. In addition, the members of my team are located in various countries. Issues that Influence a Negotiation within a Diverse Cultural Environment According to Chang (2006), the approach to negotiation varies from one culture to another. While some people may use a simple communication method, others use an indirect and more complex approach. Ordinarily, every culture is unique and how an individual acts in one culture may convey a totally different meaning in a different culture. As a consequence, it is very important for negotiators to take into account cultural traditions. To a large extent, the outcome of a negotiation process also differs based on the cultural background of the negotiator. Ordinarily, a negotiator thinks about an appropriate strategy after making the necessary preparations. While formulating a negotiation strategy, it is necessary for the negotiator to be aware of the challenges presented by a multicultural environment. The following negotiation strategy is thus recommended. According to Steers, Sanchez-Runde and Nardon (2010), the first thing that a negotiator must do is to ensure that a clear plan for meeting short and long term goals of the contract is in place. Generally, having a good plan eliminates any form of confusion. Secondly, it is important for the negotiator to be knowledgeable about the different cultures involved and how they work. In this case, the negotiator must take time to understand the culture of the Chinese and Indonesian people as well as that of the team members who happen to be from different countries. The negotiator must make every effort to understand the distinctiveness of each culture involved in the negotiation and what should be done to ensure success. Although the differences in culture can be of great benefit during the negotiation process, only a skilled negotiator can notice and take advantage of the possible benefits. Third, the negotiat
Social constructivism is a way of cognition that reveals how people participate in creating the reality they perceive. Christiansen and Fischer (2016) consider sexuality using the theory of constructivism. They believe that each person’s awareness of himself as a straight man or a member of a sexual minority can be an element of constructivism. That is, it can be either real or just a perception of this reality created by people. According to social constructivism, a social construct is an idea perceived as natural and evident by those who accept it. At the same time, it remains an invention or an artificially created cultural object belonging to a particular culture or community. It is implied that a person is selective concerning social constructs, accepting some and rejecting others. Social constructs, in turn, are not laws sent down from above or laws of nature. Nevertheless, the authors have different views on the theory of social constructivism. For example, Kinsman (2003) states that everything social has a material basis and is not static. That is, society is changing all the time, and people can see these changes. People construct the world with their own hands, not individually, but through agreements, conversations, and joint efforts. Various world constructions are closely related to an intra-group deal in multiple communities, for example, ethnic, professional, scientific, and religious, about what exists and what is valuable. Summing up, social constructivism is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the processes of socio-psychological construction of social reality in human activity.
Introduction Romanticism is a broad designation for the developments in European culture during the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century – so broad it would be hard to define it exhaustively. However, even if one does not attempt to provide such a definition, it is still possible to identify certain aspects of this phenomenon as they manifest in Romanticist texts. One such aspect – and a pillar of Romanticist literature at that – is the topic of the individual, society, and the relationship between them. With the focus on emotion and individualism, Romanticism was able to provide a new perspective on the interaction between a person and society at large. Both Frankenstein and Notre Dame de Paris depict exceptional individuals cursed by their uniqueness and rejected by the shallow-minded society due to their appearance despite their inner virtue and benevolence. Setting the Ground: Individual Uniqueness Before delving in detail into the depiction of the individual as related to society, it is important to explain how this theme became possible in the first place. Granted, the idea of an exceptional human being is nothing new in world literature and goes back at least as far as the first heroic epics. What was unique in the age of Romanticism, though, was the emphasis on the genuine uniqueness of an individual. Rousseau summarized this feeling best when stating: “I am like no one in the whole world” (Puichner et al. 487). For the first time in European culture, a person assumed principal importance not as a representative of or an example for the community but as an individual. The public attention shifted from the still acknowledged universality of human nature to the individual traits that could mark one as exceptional. This rise of personal uniqueness, as opposed to communal association, was the main reason why Romanticist literature focused so intently on portraying exceptional people in exceptional circumstances. Exceptional and Rejected: Quasimodo and Frankenstein’s Creature This exceptionality became one of the defining features of Romanticist literary characters and their interactions with society. Romanticist heroes are often unique to the point of grotesque, which is the case in both Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Victor Hugo’s Notre Dame de Paris . Quasimodo, one of the main characters in Hugo’s novel, possesses Herculean strength and, at the same time, is a study in physical deformities. In one observer’s words, “He shows himself; he’s a hunchback. He walks; he’s bandy-legged. He looks at you; he’s one-eyed. You speak
Slavery is a process or system where a person works under another person who treated as lord for the slaves. It is a social-economic process where slave is deprived from his basic rights, freedom and he is compelled to do any kind of work. It is one kind of inhumane behavior for slaves. In USA almost all the slaves were African and most of them were worked on the Southern part of the country. Slavery in USA starts in 1619 and continues till 1880. “Twenty one African chattel slaves were first brought to British North America in Virginia”. 1 Approximately 10-13 million Africans were seized by other Africans and also by Arabs and they are sold as slaves in Americas between 1620 and 1880. The slaves were tortured by their lords in different cases brutally. Slavery becomes a common thing on that time of USA. Among first 12 President of America 8 was slave owner. Slavery becomes legal in the time of 1654 to1865. They were not given any common facilities such as food, accommodation and medical facilities. So there was a necessity of abolishing slavery in USA and several protests starts against slavery during the time of slaving. There was gloomy situation on the time of slavery in USA. They were kept in unhygienic situation, supplied unhealthy foods and deprived from their personal freedom. In 1860 slave population in the southern states were shown by this graph. In the early age of 1790 the slave’s people in United States were 698,000 and it reached in 1860 at 3,954,000. Among all these slaves 15 percent were worked on domestic se
Introduction Trafficking can be defined as the undercover or secret exchange or transfer of any thing. Trafficking can be of any thing or even it can also involve the transportation of persons. Basically this transportation involves the transfer of goods or persons in illegal ways; in other words it can be said that the aim is to perform the transportation where it is not allowed to transport. Mostly the trafficking that is common in today’s world is drug trafficking, children trafficking, women trafficking and weapons trafficking. There are many reasons for which the trafficking has being done. The major reason is obviously for the financial benefits; as some times it is more beneficial to use goods, drugs and people from different countries or areas. Although it is beneficial but it is illegal as well so it should be avoided as much as possible. Trafficking is also being done in negative ways as there are people who do this act of human trafficking and then use the children for labor or begging or they also sell them out. Although we can’t decide which track we use to cope but it is certain. In such situations trafficking should be prohibited to the large extent. Trafficking also attracts the people in order to bring the items that are banned and also the high duties over some goods have made the people to do this illegal transportation just to avoid paying the high rates of duty. Another reason behind that trafficking is the need of some essential elements of life can be achieved only by using this technique as people are facing very much unemployment and economical issues these days. The main objectives of trafficking are the financial benefits, avoidance of taxes and to import the items that are illegal to import. There are many ways in which the trafficking ca be performed. Even false passports are also a common method for making the trafficking possible. Hidden containers, cars, trucks, inside the body, hidden under clothes and hidden in the luggage are also some other common ways for making this transportation. (What is trafficking, 1) Causes of Trafficking There are few reasons for which the people are performing the unlawful, unethical and illegal act of trafficking.   * Unemployment forces the people to perform this act.   * There are some times well organized crimes that are being done by the properly managed groups of people who are used to do such crimes.   * Regional cults or religious cults also force to do such things.   * Economic issues and problems also give rise to these acts.   * Social favoritism or unfairness   * Attraction of profit   * When the Government is not sincere with the interests of the country and does not take any preventive steps.   * Political problems in the country also give rise to such issues.   * When no