Introduction Various public health hazards became a significant threat for different populations throughout human history. The phenomena of a global pandemic, a fast-moving spread of harmful disease, has been discussed in numerous literary pieces, providing the later generations with the opportunity to compare and distinguish the diverse instances of contagious illnesses. Given the negative repercussions caused by the Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics over the course of human existence, and the development of COVID-19, some researchers outline similarities and differences between these afflictions (Morens et al.). This work will highlight the major similarities and differences between the Black Death and COVID-19, providing relevant evidence establishing the distinction between the two diseases. Prominent Contrasts Observable in Advanced Health Care and Government Structure The scientific developments achieved since the end of the bubonic plague considerably separate the response to this disease from the modern coronavirus handling. The availability of highly complex treatment systems and the provision of medical care to the majority of the population alleviates the potential negative effects of the virus, allowing sick individuals to receive necessary medications. Although a substantial amount of lethal outcomes still occurs, clinical assistance plays a vital role in reducing the number of deaths and avoiding adverse complications (Pradhan et al. 365). In addition to the improved care, the possibility of creating and distributing a successful vaccination is another crucial contrast between these contagions. According to the materials from Decameron, a 14th-century account of the terrible onslaught of the Black Death, it was virtually impossible to develop and administrate any serums or potential cures (Boccaccio 601). However, in the current environment, new vaccines and treatments are being invented, tested, and released to the public, establishing a certain immunity against the disease and securing the future victory over the pandemic. An imperative element for this discussion is the enhanced structure of the world’s governments, which aid in the battle against the virus. In comparison to the Black Death, where people perceived the plague as impending doom and the cause for anarchy, in the contemporary setting, the state provides its citizens with the necessary protection (Morens et al.). Numerous officials, with the support of private corporations, participate in instituting proper control over the infection, managing the public reaction, and confronting the consequences of the illness’ impact (Morens et al.). For instance, necessary laws regarding the necessity of face masks, gloves, and the use of disinfectants are being introduced worldwide, promoting the safety of numerous individuals (Li et al.). Therefore, although the mentioned measures are not perfectly effective, they significantly reduce the progress of the coronavirus. Another instance of governmental support is evident in the financial aid distributed by the countries officials in order to enforce the isolation strategy. In the medieval environment, the lack of knowledge regarding the plague and the economic state of the European governments did not allow