ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Purpose of Charity and expected outcomes The concept of charity has always been one that was close to my heart. The social and economic inequalities between the rich and poor continue to grow with no end in sight to this trend. I consider giving the underprivileged as a balancing act to curb this trend. I could not have put it better than Anne Frank, who succinctly said, “No one has ever become poor by giving” (Frank, et al., 1989). The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflection on the experiences highlighting the learning and process of achieving it (Hinett, 2009). Personal experiences It was with this concept in mind that we attempted to raise funds for a charity. The initial plan was to go to Alton Towers and organize a talent show, and then end up on Broad Street to sell liquor on the street to the people waiting in line for their chance to enter bars. However, this plan did not materialize due to a lack of organization on our part as it was unclear who was willing to participate and whether individuals would back out at the last moment. To me, it also signaled a lack of commitment towards charity from certain members of the group. I realized at that moment how difficult it would be to motivate people for this task of raising funds for the charity as the concept does not appeal to everyone. Maybe, it was not that; it could have been for the sole reason that people were not simply willing to participate or be part of a team. A properly functioning team is a rare experience as I witnessed later. After the Alton Towers fiasco, if I may call it that, we decided to book Martin Luther King to host a talent show, but it did not work out as the platform size was not sufficient to cater to what we had in mind. We, then, thought of selling popcorn and smoothies with a chocolate fountain and photo booth. The photo booth idea was cost-prohibitive so we ended up posting photos on Facebook and allowing people to vote, but that act elicited disappointing results. So, we ended up with food and drinks. Although results were mildly satisfactory in terms of funds being raised, I was left with a guilt-ridden feeling in the pit of my stomach that we could have done better. Henry Ford was famously noted for saying the following, “Coming together is the beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success”. By that definition of success, it is clear in my mind that we did not gel as a team to achieve the desired goals. To dwell deeper into the mystery, I asked myself two questions: what were the actual goals? And Were the goals of individuals the same as those of the group as a whole? I subjected myself to this scrutiny and can safely say that our personal goals from this exercise were not in coherence with those of the group. The goals and thoughts of a person, who chooses to conceal them, can remain obscure to every other mortal being (Tracy, 2010). So, the only way to make assumptions about the other team members’ goals is by observing their actions first hand. Initially, everyone who took part in this event seemed excited with the idea of having a fundraiser for charitable purposes. Ideas were s
Introduction Netukulimk is a concept applied by the Mi’kmaq living in Canada. Netukulimk concept involved Mi’kmaq sovereign law that encompassed the culture, beliefs and practices of the community. It provided a system that controlled resources and ensured sustainability of wealth of the community. Mi’kmaq began their dominance in the 16 th century. They sold fish and enjoyed supreme control over Atlantic fishing grounds. However, their dominance ended up by the arrival of settlers in the region which led to the destitution of its inhabitants. As a result, they lost control over Atlantic fishing ground; they had to refer to hunting and gathering as a means of their survival. Despite Mi’kmaq’s alienation of Atlantic fishing ground by the settlers, they remained independent until 1960s. Mi’kmaq regained their supremacy in 1960s, when a federal licensing regime emerged and propelled the rise of Mi’kmaw nationalism. History context of Netukulimk Mi’kmaw treaty gave the Mi’kmaq exclusive rights to expand their rights on the fishing boundaries (that included the onshore and offshore rights), trading and hunting rights. This enabled Mi’maq to expand their fishing territory and rapidly increase their sale of fish. In 1970s Mi’kmaq grew significantly as a result of the commercial sale of fish. They became powerful and started to confiscate fishing territories of small fishing communities in Atlantic fishing ground. However, Mi’kmaq dominance faced severe resistance from other communities that led to civil wars among the fishing communities in Atlantic fishing ground. As a result of the constant war and mismanagement of the Atlantic fishing docket, Mikmaq economic power declined rapidly in the 21 st century. They lost the sovereignty they exercised in fishing and selling fish, and thus they failed to dominate the fishing industry. Mi’kmaq Concept of Resource Stewardship Mi’kmaq had a strong stewardship; they believed in interdependence of the environment, namely, land, water and all wildlife. They also believed in free interaction of human beings and all animals without breaking the circle of interdependence. Mi’kmaq allowed killing of animals only for food purposes. Mi’kmaq had many cultural practices that ensured interaction of people and animals prevailed. They held festivals on various occasions as a sign of respect to all animals inhabiting the area. Mi’kmaq had laid down strong rules and regulations that ensured their culture, traditions, beliefs and practices were maintained among members of the community. Colonization The French and the British colonized Mi’kmaq. They exerted their influence in beliefs, culture, economic and political systems of the Mi’kmaq. As a result of colonization, Mi’kmaq gradually lost their economic, cultural and political dominance and became assimilated by the French and the British. The French confiscated the fishing ground and the market that Mi’kmaq exercised control over, and led to the decline of Mi’kmaq until the 21 st century. A case in Point The residing of the Frenc
EHRS or Electronic Health Records System is a technology tool that simplifies the work of healthcare providers by allowing them to work with patient data electronically. EHRS gives an opportunity to work with patient data in real-time, maintain their medical records, and monitor the progress of their treatment. Healthcare professionals use this tool for automated work with medical orders as well. However, there are significant risks to be considered when using EHRS in nursing. This paper aims to give a brief background of using EHRS in US healthcare, analyze the main risks and benefits of EHRS, and identify the role of the nurse leaders who are working with EHRS. EHRS has fast become an inherent part of daily workflows in many medical institutions throughout the US. Such technologies, like the Clinical decision support system, Computerized physician order entry, and Picture archiving and communication system, are also used in US hospitals more and more widely nowadays. State and federal governments, insurance companies, and large medical institutions all actively promote the EHRS introduction. These included the governmental system of significant fines and rewards for doctors. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act enacted as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 is the main legislative document regarding the EHRS. The 21st Century Cures Act slowed the system’s operability by prohibiting the blocking of information, while the “My Health E-Data” initiative of 2018 allowed patients to view the information in their health records. Working with electronic data is simpler and more efficient than working with paper medical records. However, not all US medical institutions have entirely switched to working with EHRS, as the adaptation requires further efforts of personnel and additional financial investments. Scientists recognize that the EHRS introduction process strongly depends on the willingness of the medical staff to change (Barrett & Stephens, 2017). Although the medical team may initially resist the introduction of EHRS, after the end of the adaptation period, most health workers show satisfaction working with these systems (Barrett & Stephens, 2017). Interestingly, the unhindered implementation of EHRS takes place when implemented as if in a hidden way, when the nurse leaders do not bring the issue of its application for discussion at the round table. The open access for patients to their data is a great advantage of EHRS. According to Mackert, Mabry-Flynn, Champlin, Donovan, and Pounders (2016), when patients have more access to information about their health, this positively affects their tendency to adhere to the prescribed treatment and have a healthier lifestyle. Scientists note that “Health information technology (HIT) make
About antitrust laws Antitrust laws were set up by the State to promote fair competition in the market. The laws prevent the creation of monopolies and price fixing. This aids in protecting consumers in the economy. The antitrust laws came to effect in the 1890s. Antitrust laws are used to determine cases that have a possibility of eliminating business practices. Antitrust laws aim at protecting the consumers from exploitation and protecting the integrity of markets. Discussion A scenario where a company receives lower discounts on goods purchased than its competitors may be regarded as an unfair trade practice and it is unethical. In such a scenario, it can be considered that Wal – Mart has an undue advantage over its competitors and is likely to hinder competition. The goal of rival firms is to increase profits, gain market share and increase sales using an appropriate marketing mix. The pricing adopted by a company shapes the market structure of an industry. For instance, a scenario where Wal – Mart receives trade discounts for purchases while its competitors do not receive the same discount is likely to have an impact on the prices charged by the company. The company may either charge lower prices than competitors thus driving them out of the market or the company may charge the market price and earn higher profits than competitors. The general effect of discounts is a reduction in cost of sales. This affects returns to scale. The aim of price discounts should not be considered as eliminating competition only. Discount on prices could be as a result of price discrimination practiced by the suppliers. Price discrimination is an economic practice where a producer charges different prices to different buyers of the product. The product is homogenous across players and the prices do not reflect differences in the quality, cost or quantity of the goods. For price discrimination to be successful, the buyers of the commodity should be in separate markets. Secondly, the buyers should have different price elasticity of demand. High prices will be charged to consumers who are less responsive to changes in price. Price discrimination is a common practice in many industries and companies use this practice
An employee requesting a short-term disability leave is an expected event in any large company, and, in most cases, the administration is expected to satisfy such a claim. Therefore, managers should study the process and make plans in advance if any of their workers would require such accommodation. Overall, this demands knowing federal and state legislation that covers such situations and developing a companys benefits policy. Temporary disability at the workplace is regulated by two federal laws: the Federal Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The FMLA allows an employee to take up to a 12-week leave, unpaid, to recover from a health condition or take care of a family member (Managing disability benefits, n.d.). The ADA demands that companies make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities, including providing paid leaves (Managing disability benefits, n.d.). However, the details vary depending on many determinants. First, one should understand the terminology. Disability refers to a physical or mental condition that significantly limits ones abilities to perform major life activities, such as walking, hearing, learning, etc. (Managing disability benefits, n.d.). Temporary conditions like flu are not considered disabilities, but any associated disease may qualify as such. Summing up, temporary disability leave should be granted to an individual who cannot work due to an injury, illness, or pregnancy (Guerin, n.d.). Severe mental health conditions, such as depression, though typically subjected to more rigorous screening, are also included. When the condition requires a significant treatment time and is not job-related (since such are covered by workers compensation), an employee may apply for short-term disability benefits. Many organizations have contracts with insurance companies though some firms offer self-funded benefits (Guerin, n.d.). Also, several states (California, Hawaii, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island) make it mandatory for companies to provide disability income plans (Guerin, n.d.). Payments are rarely a full salary, but rather a certain percentage. The amounts vary depending on the state, a companys policy, and the length of the employment period. To sum up, when an employee asks for short-term disability leave, if the firm has a contract with an insurance company, the HR manager should begin by contacting their representatives to investigate the situation. If the company offers self-funded benefits, the conditions severity should be analyzed by the HR team. Apart from the companys internal policy, it is also essential to review federal and state laws.
In the poem “Theme for English B”, Langston Hughes, after being prompted by his instructor, tries to write a page about his true self and in the process wonders what his true voice really is. As Hughes searches for his voice, the reader also gets a glimpse of the true Hughes. Although Hughes is African American, I believe that his voice in the poem is not entirely colored. However, it is not white either. A careful reading of the poem shows that Hughes’ voice is heavily influenced by his surroundings which include his colored background and an all white school and hence it ends up being neither colored nor white but neutral. The poem “Theme for English B” tells a lot about Hughes and hence it is not possible to read to poem exclusive of the poet. As instructed by his teacher, Hughes sets out to try and discover his true self for his English B paper. He starts with talking about himself, his background and surroundings, but then feels that at twenty-two, it is not possible to know his true voice. As he starts thinking about all the things he likes to do, he realizes that he is not much different from his white friends. And so he starts wondering that since he likes all the things that “other folks like who are other races” (26), will it change his voice or will it remain colored. He realizes that because of his African American background, his voice cannot be white. Yet because of the influence of the white teacher, it cannot be completely colored. And it is here that we realize that Hughes voice is indeed neutral and not of any particular race. The theory that Hughes voice is not colored is supported by a number of critics including David Jarraway in “Montage of an otherness deferred: Dreaming subjectivity in Langston Hughes”. Jarraway’s article can be considered the most authoritative when it comes to Hughes work. In a comprehensive essay, he has tried to identify Hughes’ voice in his poems. According to him, Hughes even incorporated the voice of black female in his writings (829). As he points out, everybody needs relationship (833) and in order to be white, there have to be black. These relationships also affect a person’s voice. Another relationship affecting Hughes’ voice is his relation with the thriving black community of Harlem. This relationship is clearly visible in the “Theme for English B” as Hughes takes the pains to describe Harlem and juxtapose it to the all white “college on the hill above Harlem” (p. 9). Thus, all these relationships “explode the notion of a racially pure self” (833) and Hughes’ voice is affected by all these influences resulting from these relationships. According to Hughes, his voice cannot be white because he is black, but his relationship with the instructor does not allow his voice to remain black either. Not only is his voice influenced by that of the white instructor, but through this interaction, the white instructor’s voice also no longer remains racially pure. Even though neither of them wants to be influenced by the other it remains a fact of life that th
Introduction All people are different as they have different interests and needs. However, many things unite them. Culture is one of these things. People raised in some cultures share values, beliefs, and principles of morality. Sometimes people change their beliefs and principles, but they mainly stick to the rules they learned in their childhood. This focus on a set of rules often leads to conflicts. However, it is possible to explain your beliefs to people and live in peace with everyone around you. Moral and Ethical Principles Are a Product of Teaching, Influences, Experiences Some believe that the basis of ethics and morality is religion or laws. However, it is necessary to take a deeper look at this issue. A very brief analysis of moral and ethical principles shows that they are based on such things as assistance, love, hope, and so on. The feeling of right and wrong is always deep down in every person’s heart. However, not all people listen to their hearts. Of course, children are taught to behave, help others, be nice. At that, when people grow, they understand that these principles and rules are good and helpful as they help them live well in society. In simple words, moral and ethical principles are also rules of survival in human society. This Answer Is a Result of Teachings and Influences It is difficult to understand whether my answer is a result of some teachings or influences. I believe they are a result of both. My parents, teachers, and relatives, have told me what is right and what is wrong, what to do, and what not to do. Sometimes I felt peer pressure and had to act in a particular way. These experiences became the basis of my character and beliefs. Now, I can judge whether some behaviors and moral or ethical rules are good or bad. In many cases, I try to act ethically, but sometimes I fail to act right, which makes me feel bad. Explaining Beliefs to Others I have many friends, and some of them do not share my beliefs, which often results in some misunderstandings. I have a selfish friend. He believes that each person should focus on his/her own needs, and helping others is only a way to get something he wants. We often have arguments as I have opposite beliefs. Some people do not like him as they cannot communicate with him and explain their views. I have found a very effective strategy. I always try to use words and concepts he understands. I try to find benefits for him in every good action. For example, when I need his help to do some good things, I explain my view and find some benefits for him. This benefit can be a possible favor for him, a better image, and so on. I believe this strategy can be
Boundaries and dual relationships As a professional counselor, one should consider the following criteria as part of an ethical decision making model. First, the counselor should identify all the ethical concerns involved in the issue. Second, one should consider one’s values and skills with regard to the problem. Step three should involve knowing the code of ethics that pertains to the issue. Afterwards, the therapist should identify some of the probable entrapments that would result from one’s decisions. Thereafter, one should think about some possible responses. Sixth, the counselor should think about the consequences of his or her actions. Seventh, one should come up with a resolution. Eighth, one should consult with other therapists. The ninth step should involve taking action. Lastly, one should analyze the outcome of one’s decision (Hugman, 2003). A situation, which would solicit application of this ethical-decision-making model would be a counselor, who must work in a different country like Botswana. The local counselors request some of the recipients of the disaster relief program to participate in a televised recording of the program, but one of the clients claims that she does not want to participate. When applying the ethical decision making model, one would realize that the main ethical concern is involving a post traumatic victim in a program that she is not comfortable with; this fact exists irrespective of the positive outcome of the televised recording. As a second step, one must examine one’s values. If a counselor had a client who seemed so distraught, and he/she was going through something that the therapist went through, one should consider sharing the experience with the client. However, the need to remain professional and to limit personal issues in counseling would stop the
Introduction Fatigue prevents workers from doing their job effectively and might cause serious mistakes and overlooks. In such fields as air traffic control, such errors might prove lethal and disastrous (Kirwan, Rodgers, & Schafer, 2016). Therefore, it is paramount to be aware of risk factors and causes of fatigue among air traffic controllers, and use methods which would allow for mitigating these factors and causes. Both the risk factors and the possible techniques for their mitigation are discussed in this paper. Risk Factors for Fatigue in Air Traffic Control On the whole, there are many very general factors that cause fatigue. These include overworking and ineffective distribution of work, poor diet, stress; burnout; anxiety; age; disease, and many others (Australian Government, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, 2013). In addition, there are numerous risk factors for fatigue, which more specifically pertaining to the duties of air traffic controllers (Kirwan et al., 2016). For instance, these include the volume of the air traffic and the degree of complexity of its regulation; ineffective rotation and poor shift distribution; additional workload related to the need of on-the-job training (this is especially important for new air traffic controllers); and so on (Federal Aviation Administration, 2009). Depending on a particular combination of the factors present in a given case and their intensity, they may pose a considerable threat to many people, increasing the risk of air traffic incidents, and, therefore, should be identified and dealt with to negate the threat (Federal Aviation Administration, 2009). Potential and Existing Methods for Mitigating the Risk Factors for Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Depending on which fatigue risk management initiatives are used and in what circumstances, these may be effectual or ineffectua