ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel/ The Novel as History is a 1968 award-winning book by Norman Mailer combining the characteristics of several genres. By fusing the journalistic methods, historical account, photographic images and fiction tropes, Mailer provides a uniquely interesting and original narration of the 1967 anti-war march on Pentagon which he witnessed as one of the protesters. Mailer fuses the journalistic methods with tropes which are usually used in fiction for creating the unique account of the historical events. The author uses the genre of the so-called new journalism, including the critical analysis, portrait series and description of his individual perceptions of the events into his reportage. This original experiment allows combining the inside and outside views for looking at the discussed events under different angles. Mailer speaks about himself in the third person singular, not changing the name of the main protagonist: “Mailer never felt more like an American than when he was naturally obscene” (Mailer 61). By the way, from this citation it can be seen that the author knows the feelings and thoughts of the main protagonist which allows getting an inside view of his inner world and the processes taking place in the soul and mind of a participant of the anti-war demonstration. Mailer offers his readers to take part in the process of creating a book and intentionally makes some mistakes in his narration for making it more natural and reliable. Moreover, the author shows how the narration about the 1967 march could turn into an ordinary fiction book. History as a Novel/ The Novel as History is a subtitle of the book which proves that Mailer intentionally mixed the two genres for enriching the content of his work and experimenting with the manner of presentation of the materials and the readers’ perception. The genre created by the author is uniquely interesting and beneficial for making the narration of the historical events subjectively rich and imaginatively complex. The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel/ The Novel as History is valuable not only because it was one of the first accounts of the events written by one of the participants, but also it provides opportunities for original and unexpected interpretations. Mailer seems to be sincere when describing his immediate reactions to separate fragments of the march which is a rather chaotic event if described in details. For example, depicting the scene of random attack of the police on the participants of the demonstration, the journalist/writer explains his first response of not recognizing the surroundings and not knowing how to act. “Mailer knew where he had seen this before, this posture of men running in charge , yes it had been in the photographs of Mathew Brady of Union soldiers on the attack across the field” (Mailer 126). Making comparisons with the photographs which are obviously widely known among the readers of his time, Mailer tries to familiarize the unfamiliar and appeal to the readers’ prior experience. Mailer uniquely combines the methods of estrangement and familiarization which seem incompatible, but surprisingly compl
Introduction The article “Synchronous optical and electrical detection of biomolecules traversing through solid-state nanopores” is a 2010 publication in the Review of Scientific Instruments journal volume 81 from page 014301-7. The article is authored by Soni Gautam V., Singer Alon, Yu Zhiliang, Sun Yingjie, McNally Ben and Mellera Amit. Soni and colleagues discuss a new way of integrating “total internal reflection microscopy and electrical detection of biomolecules using nanopores” (p. 1) with both techniques being recognized as modalities of measuring single-molecules. This integration enables visualization of DNA and DNA-protein complexes while they undergo translocation via a nanopore. A good temporal resolution of about 1000 frames is produced while an excellent signal to background is enabled. Complete citation Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIR) method, it is possible to do probing on SiN membrane which is of nanoscale diameter and put in-between to liquids (CsCl which acts as a buffer in the trans chamber and KCl in the cis chamber of the flow cell). This eventually gives way for low-fluorescence probing and detection of electrical signals and single fluorophores happens when the biomolecule is moving through the nanopore. SiN membrane images are collected and upon illumination with a laser beam and the images indicate a conjugate of biomolecules and fluorophores. The ionic current that passes through the 4 nm pore is measured by immersing Ag/AgCl electrodes in the chambers, in a cis and trans chambers for Ag and AgCl respectively. Main point of the article The authors argue that this method is preferable since it can be used in current sequencing techniques which are dependent on nanopore technology. With that in mind, Soni et al (p 1) illustrate this possibility by probing double-stranded DNA as well as DNA-protein complexes using optic means while passing through a pore of approximately 4 nanometers. It is suggestive that this experiment showed that when electric force accts on protein-DNA complex, it at the nanoscale pore results into the duplex DNA unzipping. It is for this reason that the method is possibly applicable in the DNA sequencing methods that are composed of single molecules and these are viewed as belonging to the “next-generation”. Soni et al (p. 7) describe their new method of customizing TIR illumination as one that acts as a complement to the well known ion-current measurements applied in nanopore-based sensing. The ability to having optical detection working simultaneously with ion-current measurement is shown to enable cause molecules to be excited and a nanoscale pore of approximately 4 nm which is put between two fluids helps in threading image molecules. Using necessary hardware (for both electrical functions and optical cap
Introduction The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a significant step forward that caters for improving the health care in the United States. President Obama signed the Act into law in March 2010. The Act is now consistent with the advocacy principles that are adopted in the AAFP Congress of Delegates as from October 2009. However, the implementation of the Act came amidst reactions from various states. Organizations together with other lawmakers came up with some opposing forces on the bill. The main idea behind their opposing forces was because of the key provisions in the bill. Some of the provisions within the bill claimed that individual fines from failing to purchase the insurance does not work within the scope of taxing powers of the Congress. Among the states that reacted over the act is Iowa, which used its legislators to sue the progress (DPC 3). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) also known as the Obamacare plan, has various provisions contained therein to cater for the health needs of the citizens. There is inclusion of a parent clause that deals with prior policies on health and makes the Act to be exempted from the policies (Pipes 5). The first provision is the guaranteed issue clause. This requires the health policies to be issued to the citizens without any discrimination regarding their medical condition. Pipes (161) further indicates that the law also requires insurers to exercise partial community rating whereby same premiums must be issued to applicants within the same geographical location or age (8). Gender should not be considered a discriminating factor or prior existing conditions with the exception of tobacco use. This paper will examine the reaction of some states notably Iowa and Virginia. It will also evaluate the differences in their reactions and implementation of the Act. Objectives The study seeks to establish the economic impacts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on the public and the various states. Specifically this study will seek to:  1. Investigate the impacts of the act on the public  2. To investigate the impacts of the act on the various states  3. To find out reasons why the states of Iowa and Virginia rejected the act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Act states that all citizens who are not insured by their employer, Medicaid, Medicare or any other public insurance program, must ensure that they are under a private insurance policy failure to which they will pay a penalty (DPC 5). This is however not applicable to members of religious sects recognized by the Internal Revenue Service or have been ignored due to financial hardships. The third provision requires health insurance exchanges to operate in every state in the country and ensure that citizens can choose from various policies a
Ethics refer to the formulated regulations and values adopted by a community and accepted as the expected code of conduct (Bayer 2007, p.7). Morality should not be mistaken for ethics, as it is itself a part of ethics. Public health ethics is the code of conduct that is accepted as the proper guide for professionals who affect public health in the execution of their duties. Since there are no set rules for all areas of public health, the code of conduct is defined through a consensus. This is because the diversity of the public health is difficult to confine within any set definition. Therefore, a moral code in form of public health ethics that professionals whose duty is related to public health should observe in the execution of their duties and responsibilities is necessary. Prior to the middle of the twenty first century, medical and public health practitioners thought that the best way to administer the practice of public health was through common sense and simple logic. This guide was not a standard parameter for every professional public health officer. Health officials depended on their professional judgment to make decisions, which they thought were best for the community concerned. After the Second World War, liberal practitioners and students began questioning the moral standing of some of the practices of German doctors during the war (Bayer 2007, p.4). The controversy regarding the issue led to the discarding of the classical dogma of the public health ethics. The new generation of practitioners demanded the setting up of a new set of standards for practice. In addition, the activists demanded ethically sensitive education that would endow the practitioners the moral orientation necessary for proper and beneficial public health practice. This argument emphasizes on the importance of public health ethics and the legality of the term itself. The word “public health ethics” is a term used to describe certain standards or policies. These standards cannot be given a reference term arbitrarily since this reference term denotes the existence of the said standards. Consequently, abolishing the term “public health ethics” means that the said standards and parameters cease to exist. Raising the argument on whether to abolish the term automatically refers to abandonment of the reference of the term. Furthermore, this raises another debate whether the term, which covers a wide field constituting of diversified disciplines, is appropriate to use in reference to the field. Another perspective is on whether there should be any governing ethics in the public health sector. Despite these varying interpretations, the debate lies squarely o
The results of the research show that the key risk factors for developing type II diabetes depend on several variables. Even though weight and diet are generally considered the key factors that increase or reduce the possibility of having diabetes, the research shows that there are still many other variables to take into account. Splitting the key factors into three major sections, namely, demographics, clinical and dietary factors, one can see a more detailed picture. Speaking of such demographic factors as race, the white population suffers from it in the majority of cases (635, or 94.4%), unlike the rest of the races (38, or 5.4%), the remaining 0.2% belonging to the white population in the control group. As far as the family history goes, one must admit that type II diabetes is a hereditary disease since 46.3% of the tested had diabetes running in their families (323 people). Weirdly enough, smoking, the habit that is ranked as one of the most harmful ones, seems to have little to do with diabetes (99 people, or 14.2% of the total number). In addition, diabetes, type II seems to manifest itself in the women who are in the postmenstrual phase (65.8%, or 495 people). Finally, age seems to be the defining factor, since there are only 6.9% of young people (57) in the studied group. It is noteworthy, however, that the p-value for the given data is very high (.63 to.83 in 5 cases out of 6), which means that the given data is rather relative. However, clinical factors also seem to play a great role in creating the premises for diabetes development. In contrast to the demographic ones, the clinical data, reasonably enough, have a very low p-value rate (<0.01), which means that the given data is credible enough. Of all the factors, the crucial ones are the amount of ferritin and the ratio of transferrin receptors to ferritin (79.7 % (105 participants) and 41.8% (102 participants) respectively). As one might have expected, the subjects with lower transferrin concentration had more risks of developing diabetes. The above-mentioned seems rather predictable since soluble transferrin receptor levels are considered the early indicators of iron deficiency and, therefore, a threat of type II diabetes (de Block et al. 1384). Finally, the dietary issues also seem to matter, especially the percentage of magnesium (293 (55.3%)). It is also necessary to mention that the study has shown a clear link between alcohol consumption and diabetes. According to the research results, the increase
Introduction Organization Development (OD) is a set of methods and systems aimed at improving collective behavior, and therefore the culture and performance of the organization. This complex helps to better understand the organization, identify its goals, and develop certain values within the team. The methods used in the organization’s development should lead not only to group effectiveness but also to building trust within the team. Implementing such methods lies far beyond the boundaries of business processes and includes the psychological, sociological, and even political aspects of employee behavior. Career Path The OD field can be viewed as a career path itself, but as a part of it, that can be followed and guided. Organizational development is a set of values and cultural dimensions that dictate the behavior of employees in order to achieve corporate goals. The very work activity in organizations where there are collectives of employees is subject to the influence of the complex, but in its, essence it is an act of any profession. In other words, when choosing a profession, OD plays an important role, but the most important points in choosing a career path are the education received, interest in professional activity, the location of the office relative to home, the amount of salary, the availability of benefits, and much more. Nevertheless, OD is quite an attractive reference point when choosing your career path. Companies using OD approaches pay more attention to the climate within the workforce, try to create an environment for increasing interest in work, and create the opportunity for each employee to influence the working environment. This experience allows not only to increase interest in the activities of the company but also to improve qualifications in organizing their own communication skills. Many modern studies highlight the relationship between effective communication skills, resulting in leadership qualities, and implementing the theory of organizational development (Ballaro et al., 2020). Such a specific influence will be useful not only for the team of employees but also for the leaders. The trusting relationship of the team very often develops according to the example of communication with the management – the manager handles their words, trusts, and believes in each employee, comes to the rescue as their own, and clearly defines the goals of the company, communicates them in simple language to the employees. However, it should also be considered several nuances of this complex. First, an organizational development plan in a company’s strategy does not always mean its successful implementation. In the absence of positive results and negative moods within the team, additional activities that promote agreement and shared values will only exacerbate the situation in the company. Somewhere you will have to look for a balance between employee productivity and organizational development activities because the latter can take ti
Introduction Possessing a gun for personal security reasons is not a problem, but sometimes the ownership poses a threat to other residents. Therefore, it is not clear whether the act promotes safety or compromises it. Rifle gun possession and control are among the most challenging matters in the American government. Several debates have been held to discuss an appropriate way of controlling gun ownership but reaching the consensus has not been easy. When there is an occurrence of a mass shooting, a significant number of people are killed. Hence, the event intensifies the antagonistic debates between the gun ownership and control argument sides. The increasing number of gun-owning individuals and its massive distribution presents substantial problems in formulating national regulations to curb the situation. In the USA, the implementation of policies to regulate gun ownership has remained essential amidst continuously heated debates on the issue (Vizzard 893). Assault rifles guns should be illegal nationally for all the residents to prevent mass shootings and homicides and provide a safer environment for all the residents. Mass Shooting Prevention A number of arguments have been raised on the type of guns resulting in the numerous killings and their implications. Assault rifle is amongst the military firearms designed with a chamber carrying ammunitions of propellant charge and reduced in size. It has the ability to change from semiautomatic to automatic during firing (Jacobs 3). The existence of such kind of guns poses a security threat to the residents and the security officers. It is time to use a different approach to prevent the mass killings of innocent people. If the spread of assault rifles and the increasing habit of carrying them results in innocent people’s deaths, they should not be legalized in the nation. Regardless of the gun types being used in a particular state or rather nation, it is sound to consider the fatal consequences when residents are allowed to own and walk around with guns. For instance, the United States tops in the list of the nations with the highest number of residents possessing guns privately (Pandit et al. 11). According to statistics, there is a distribution of approximately 101 guns amongst 100 residents, resulting in large number of deaths whenever such violence happens (Pandit et al. 11). Therefore, to lose fewer victims in such violence, private ownership of guns should be banned. Apart from the reduction of mass killings when assault rifles are banned in a nation, there will also be a reduction of injuries. Even after losing large number of people in gun-oriented combat, incidents result in another bunch of individuals sustaining severe injuries Pandit et al. 11). During gunshots, the scenario always creates tension and causes distress and mental problems to some victims. Such significant misery when reside
Seeking finances for a new business could be challenging considering that it could be difficult to convince financiers how viable an idea is and chances of success. One of the ways I would seek for financing is via visiting business incubators centers (Millette et al p57). The notion that business incubators only finance high-tech sector is not true considering that they also assist low economic development incubators that share services and offer job opportunities. Another way of seeking financing is via applying loans from banks and other financially viable institutions. I am planning towards establishing an online shoe selling shop. Some of the financial needs that I should satisfy are included herein. Firstly, I need at least $1000 to pay for a website designer, which is extremely vital for an online business. Furthermore, I need $1500 to pay for advertisement ads and other promotional platforms that would likely be viable. While that is not enough, I need $3000 for the initial stock, and $500 for other expenses that could come along the way. I believe that my local bank will lend me at least half the total budget, which is roughly $3000. I have been thinking and planning for this business for the last three years. Working under busy shifts, I have managed to save $2000. In case the incubation centers fail to fund the remaining amount, I am sure that my loving family and friends would help. Under the unforeseen circumstances that I am unable to meet all the required amount to kick start for the project, I am sure amongst my colleagues, I can get a partner who we can be shareholders with and run the project. Overall, I am optimistic that all the financial needs will be met. Work Cited Millette, Sherwyn, Clyde Eiríkur Hull, and Eric Williams. “Business incubators as effective tools for driving circular economy.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 2020, 121999.
Psychiatric Diagnosis and Patient Types Depression is one of the most common mental health issues in the modern world. Ghaemi (2013) notes that various factors including but not confined to job-related stress, urban setting, socioeconomic status, limited access to health care contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in people of different ages and backgrounds. Chronic depression may affect people many times in the course of their life. Craddock and Mynors-Wallis (2014) stress that psychiatric diagnosing is imperfect and impersonal practice, but it is an important element of care provided to patients. When diagnosing the disorder in question, one of the major instruments is the conversation (Hurt, Reznikoff, & Clarkin, 2013). The healthcare professional should pay attention to such symptoms as sadness, loss of enjoyment, sleep patterns impairment, fatigue, concentration difficulty, thoughts of death, or suicide. If these symptoms are apparent every day or most of the day, the patient can be diagnosed with chronic depression. It is also necessary to pay attention to the physical state of the patient, so some tests and the discussion (or review) of health history are critical (Mischoulon, Dougherty, & Fava, 2014). Finally, certain medications can cause the development of some depressive sympto