ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Whether one is an employee or an employer, showing exemplary practice of ethical and moral behavior is indispensable to achieve an ample business environment. It is well known that morals and ethics are linked to personal character. Nevertheless, ethics and morals play a pivotal role in how people carry out business activities. Though business ethics is one of the broad categories of ethics, philosophers categorize ethics into three groups namely meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics (Allhoff & Vaidya, 2005). Normative ethics are guide people on how they ought to act. There are two major normative ethics theories namely utilitarianism and deontology. These are the theories that are going to be discussed in this essay and how they can be applied in a company or business set up. Before discussing how these normative case theories can be applied in a business or company set up it is essential to discuss the fundamentals of each. Utilitarianism is the first theory to be discussed. This is one of the most canonical ethical theories. It has along history that stretches as far as the era of the Epicureans of classical Greece in 300 B.C.E. Nevertheless, it was popularized by such philosophers like David Hume, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. The main thesis of this case normative theory is that actions are right when they capitalize on total summative happiness (Allhoff & Vaidya, 2005). As such, going by this theory, one should choose the act that is bound to fetch the most happiness into the world. Since utilitarianism tries to predicate the right action through experimental results, it has been termed as a scientific approach to ethics. This poses a challenge of how to measure happiness. Nevertheless, this puzzle was solved by one of early philosophers who advanced the theory, Jeremy Bentham who developed seven basics contained in the famous hedonistic calculus. Apart from utilitarianism, the second case normative theory is deontology. Etymologically, this word means the study of rights and duties. This means that the primary consideration in determining whether an act is moral or not is to consider its one right or duty to do it. Though this approach is not opposed to happiness as the final product, a deontologist does not consider this as the primary concern. One of the early philosophers who advanced this theory is Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) who believed that actions should be guided by maxims or simply put, a rule of action. Going by this rule, every action that one does should be base on some backdrop conditions which are particularly relevant. The above discussed normative case theories have many applications in the business set up (Smedley, 2008). For purposes of this essay, reference will be made a general electric and engine fixing company. In this type of working set up, there are a number of moral problems that one is bound to encounter be whether they are employers or employees. This essay will only sam
Abstract In the ordinary course of carrying out business, a firm exposes itself to various risks. One key risk among the myriads of risks is the legal risk. A business firm runs the risk of being sued in courts of law either in breach of contract or in tort. Torts are civil liability claims that arise from a breach of a duty that the business firm owes to its customers and indeed to the rest of the world. In this paper, I analyse the legal risks that face Canadian Steamship Lines (CSL) which is one of Canada’s biggest shipping companies. The analysis of this company shall look into contracts and tort risks that the company faces and find out how this company is facing the many legal risks that it runs. Introduction Canadian Steamship Lines (CSL) was incorporated in Canada East in 1845 as a provider of freight services along St. Lawrence River. The company had a small fleet of river boats that ferried goods for commerce purposes along the St. Lawrence and later, the Welland Canal that opened up to the Great Lakes. Over the years, the company became a major shipping line in the Great Lakes region mainly due to the industrial booms that followed after the two world wars. Coal and steel were the major contributors to the success of the shipping line especially due to the huge demand for both in Ontario, Quebec and Pennsylvania. Today, CSL forms part of the Canadian CSL Group that includes CSL (itself) based in Montreal, Quebec and CSL International based in Beverly, Massachusetts in the USA. As a conglomerate, the CSL group manages the world’s largest fleet of dry bulk self-unloading vessels and is estimated to handle bulk cargo shipments of over 30 million tonnes in capacity. The company prides itself in having the most modernized fleet with the latest cargo handling technology. Recently, CSL invested an amount of over $ 200 million Canadian dollars to upgrade its fleet to utilize the latest in self-unloading technology (CSL Group, 2011). The Company considers itself as being versatile, flexible and reliable in its service provision and has poised itself to provide quality service that meets customer’s needs. CSL has a dedicated team of 500 employees who have ensured that the Company remains competitive in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway. Over the years, the Company has asserted its position as the dominant player in the shipping sector in these two markets and handles a significant share of the coal, iron ore, gypsum and grain ca
Biracial people have many advantages that open many opportunities for the non-standard perception of the world. In this case, the reader is confronted with the story of a girl who has problems with the perception of her own identity. There are problems associated with the fact that the girl cannot detect her belonging to a particular group, which causes anxiety about the impossibility of having friends. This essay reveals various features of biracial people that allow them to feel their identity better. This is an opportunity to combine different cultural characteristics, which manifests itself in confidence and a decrease in the feeling of belonging to one particular group. Multi-racial persons can have better self-esteem than mono-racial people if they are nurtured to identify with both parents and comprehend their diverse racial ancestry. An important feature here is that biracial people do not depend on the stereotypes that society imposes on other people. An example here is a situation where a person may face uncertainty or fear of failure since others may judge him as a stupid or uneducated person based on their race. That is why being a biracial person is less influenced by someone else’s opinion. The girl needs to realize her main feature, which allows her to adopt the qualities and characteristics of different cultures. In addition, another important characteristic that allows people to develop their own confidence better is a more excellent range of interests and hobbies (Weaver, 2020). This allows biracial people to strengthen their self-confidence since they are also independent of stereotypical ideas. In this case, they open up many opportunities related to professions or other things that could be perceived negatively by society in a normal situation. The fact that multi-racial persons might inherit a more extensive range of characteristics is significant. Mixed-race offspring are more likely to inherit a variety of physical traits from both parents, allowing them to defy preconceptions. They can be brown-eyed blondes, fair-skinned tiny brunettes with various eye colors, or fair-skinned petite brunettes with various eye colors. There are many physical combinations for mixed-race children, especially when their parents do not look similar (Weaver, 2020). In reality, there have been reported occurrences of mixed-race twins that appear to be significantly different from one another, such as one who is fair-skinned while the other is brown-skinned. The girl needs to understand that various qualities do not limit her from belonging to a particular group, but the set opens up more opportunities. In this case, the feeling of dissimilarity should not become an obstacle, but on the contrary, it should be an advantage for the girl. The sensation of vulnerability that comes with feeling like a person is just a part of a small minority in society is fading. Mixed-race persons are tired of constantly defending their identification and a
Introduction The long-term vision that encourages young people to participate in sports led to the winning of the right to host 2012 Olympic Games. The evaluation framework that established the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) provides the guidance and creates a structure that assesses the range of impacts related to the preparation, delivery and the legacy of the games. Adams & Parmenter (2005) noted that this framework has been developed through extensive consultations in the last few years. This is by reviewing the then available strategies used and planning for the issues that were not achieved. This framework is to be adopted by all the organizations and the leading bodies in order to prepare for the effective delivery. Organisations will be encouraged to adopt the structures and used the framework for relevant evaluations. This study evaluates the importance of having a sustainable development strategy. It also evaluates the challenges faced by the ODA in ensuring delivery of employment and business objectives to creating new employment and business opportunities locally, regionally and nationally. Literature review Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) ensures the delivery of the Olympic park, other venues and infrastructure in preparation for the 2012 Games. These should be within the prescribed time in order to comply with the agreed upon budget. Airola & Steven (2000) shows the authority works in ensuring the achievement of a sustainable development and provision of value for funds used. It also leaves a lasting social, environmental and economic legacy for east London. In planning for public expenditure and policy, the activities and investments related to the 2012 Olympic Games and its legacy have to undergo a critical evaluation process. Evaluations form an important component in the public scrutiny, thus used as a tool for developing and designing systems of delivery. The ODA’s mission includes delivering venues, facilities, transport and infrastructure in time. In addition, it ensures maximization of sustainable delivery while accomplishing this within the desired budget. ODA works with other partners such as CLM in managing design, construction and procurement of necessary facilities. The funding needed come from grants given by the National Lottery, the London Development Agency, Media and Sport and Department for Culture (Barton 2004). According to London Assembly Environment Committee (2010), ODA’s evaluations provide a suitable content to different audiences including the public, the media fraternity, politicians and academic learners. Setting up a sustainable development strategy improves the policy knowledge through the assessment of the policy outcomes and linking them to their respective activities and resources. Balfousia-Savva et al (2003) noted that this strategy considers the effective and efficient policy development. Therefore, it enables organizations and stakeholders to gain a better understanding of designing and delivering policies i
Introduction Minimalism is a feature in architecture that calls for the use of the most fundamental features in the construction of an item or a building and should be seen in its design of it. A minimalistic approach to the design and construction industry has been influenced greatly by the Japanese traditional way of construction where the concept of little but optimum usage of materials is highly common. It calls for using what is at disposal, no matter how little in quantity it might be, to do more. The minimalistic concept can be seen in many ways in the design and architectural industry. The use of space in the ever-increasingly populated world is a headache to architecture. The use of materials in the construction industry in a bid to save costs and increase aesthetic feel it is paramount that the use of such ways is employed as noted by Holm (2006). He argues that the use of qualitative rather than quantitative ornamentations and designs that combine as little material as possible and at the same time enhance the beauty of the end product should be the cornerstone of building and construction (Holm, 2006). Minimalism is also helpful in the elimination of void spaces that are a result of the three-dimensional shapes of architectural design. It also focuses energy on the lighting, usage of colors in building, and the painting to create an illusion of space and at the same time increase elegance. Although it is hailed to be cost-effective, minimalism is expensive when looked at from the manner of finishing and the cost of building materials. They are a bit more expensive although they end up creating larger spaces and hence save eventually. Mies Rohe’s Contribution He was a German-American architect who was prominent in the world war period. He desired to make an architectural design that would correspond to modern society just like the previous architects had done in their time. His dream and ambition were pegged on the creative use of simplicity in the field of architecture and the need to improve on clarity and at the same time bring about similar elegance and saving on material use and hence cost (Puente, 2008). Having engaged in the stone carving business initially, Mies is hailed to have engineered the designs for many skyscrapers in the world in his later years. He changed the use of materials and this made him have criticism and love in equal measure. His mantra ‘less is more’ gained popularity when he famously stripped buildings of the traditionally known materials replacing them with space-saving ones (Puente, 2008). He referred to his buildings as ‘skin and bones’ since they lacked material baggage. The skyscrapers he designed in the 1920s were made of glass rather than stones. All these are great minimalistic approaches to architecture that were engineered by Mies and are widely used today. Ray Eames Contribution He was an American architectural de
Gentrification in such neighborhoods as Harlem in New York City is discussed as the significant social transformation process. The association between gentrification and race is supported by the public and researchers because gentrification is a result of the economic development of neighborhoods where African Americans traditionally live (Bernt 3045; Pearsall 2297). Thus, gentrification in Harlem is a result of the arrival of white wealthy residents to these territories (Pearsall 2298). However, the nature of gentrification is more complex, and many researchers state that the racial relations observed between whites and blacks are only the consequences of the politically stimulated gentrification (Bernt 3045; Freeman 2083; Redfern 2354). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the connections between race and gentrification with references to the review of the recent researches in the field. Although the issue of race is often discussed as crucial to influence gentrification, race is only one among many factors used to describe gentrification because this complex social, economic, and political process is directly associated with investment in neighborhoods, promotion of the districts’ productivity, and housing policies. Gentrification is initiated as the political process in order to improve the progress of concrete urban territories and affect them with the help of policies. In his article, Bernt supports the idea that gentrification is a mainly political process which is based on the promotion of different public policies oriented to developing the neighborhoods, as it is in Harlem of New York City. Focusing on the history of forming Harlem and on developing gentrification processes in the neighborhoods, the researcher applies Polanyi’s concept of a ‘double movement’ to the discussion in order to support the main hypothesis (Bernt 3047). According to Bernt, many public policies are designed in order to stimulate market forces in the neighborhoods and contribute to the urban development (Bernt 3045). The negative results of these processes are the changes in the social life of residents. That is why, African Americans living in Harlem become the first residents who are affected by the developing gentrification and who try to oppose the changes in the racial pattern of the districts. The local government of New York City pays much attention to investing into the development of Harlem in order to support different segments of the market in the neighborhood. The increased investment leads to gentrification in the form of social and economic changes in the districts. Blacks and whites become involved in the process, and gentrification is discussed in the racial context. According to Freeman, gentrification is the process which affects not concrete racial groups, but social classes. The author states in his research that gentrifica
Description of The Purpose Congestive or chronic heart failure (CHF) is a widespread issue among a number of groups, but it is especially prominent among older populations. Although there are an array of quantitative studies regarding the given problem, one might not find plentiful data on the qualitative aspect of the matter. Breathlessness is among the most common elements of CHF, which affects almost all individuals suffering from the issue. Therefore, the purpose of the article is providing an in-depth understanding of how breathlessness affects the selected group and what measures they are undertaking in order to limit its impact. Explanation of Research Design The research revolves around the extensive assessments of the people with CHF, which means that it has a descriptive qualitative design. Discussion of Sample The sample is composed of 25 people with reduced ejection fraction of heart failure. The participants were old with the mean age approximately equal to 77 years-old (Walthall et al., 2017). Description of Data Collection Methods The data collection method was based on the semi-structured interview format, where a more specific vers
Introduction Mental illness is a prevalent issue that many people struggle with. Almost everyone has encountered or knows someone affected by a mental health condition. This makes it a relevant topic in the film media format. Despite its commonality, mental illness remains a sensitive and uncomfortable topic for discussion due to associated stigma, and its portrayal in media may not be accurate for social or cinematic purposes. The film A Beautiful Mind depicts the impact of progressive paranoid schizophrenia on the mathematician John Nash and the burden that it places on social and personal relationships. Plot The movie is biographical drama following the professional life of Nobel Prize-winning mathematician John Nash. It begins with his stay at Princeton where he is a graduate student under extreme pressure to publish. There, Nash meets his roommate by the name of Charles who is emotional and laid-back. Eventually, John develops the foundations for his Nash equilibrium theory and publishes it which gets him a job at MIT. After a few years, Nash is invited to work for the Pentagon to serve as a codebreaker which he is talented at due to his mental abilities. Eventually, a mysterious agent by the name of William Patcher invites Nash to track Soviet spy communication through coded phrases in newspapers. At the same time, Nash meets and marries one of his students, Alicia Larde. As Nash works on the secret project, he begins to feel paranoid and endangered but is pressured by Patcher to remain on the project. Larde gets Nash to see a doctor who diagnoses paranoid schizophrenia and places Nash on medication. However, Nash stops taking the medication due to side-effects affecting his mental abilities. Eventually, Alicia becomes suspicious after Nash left their child drowning in a tub, believing that his old roommate Charles was watching. After packing her things and attempting to leave, Nash stops her in desperation and admits that he sees hallucinations of Charles, Patcher, and others. This realization came because Charles’ niece that Nash continuously sees, never gets older over the years. Nash does not want to take medication but attempts to control his disease. He continues to see the hallucinations but ignores their existence, even when they directly interact with him. Over the years, with support from Alicia, he is able to live a fulfilling life, succeeding in both personal and academic life ( A Beautiful Mind) . Psychological Issue Schizophrenia is a chronic condition that disturbs cognitive function and has a profound impact on perceptions and behavior which have a debilitating effect. It is common to experience delusions, hallucinations (both visual and auditory), and dementia. Cognitive function is impaired as patients struggle to organize thoughts, clearly express themselves, remember things, or even fulfill basic tasks. It may impact the emotional state and mood expression as the person will seem apathetic or lacking interest in life. The disease has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1% of Americans (“Schizophrenia”). The specific condition of paranoid schizophrenia is a subtype of t
Burden is something that is encountered by every individual in their lives. The definition of burden may vary according to the culture we have been brought up in and the family system that exists within our society. Burden as I think is something that can become a hindrance in our life and cause problems. It is something that sits on our shoulder and stresses us out. For some people small things can become a burden but for others major things can be an everyday activity. Burdens can be of many types, it can be emotional, psychological, physical, financial and social. Living in an Asian society, we bear very different types of burdens. As we all know that the family system that prevails within the Asian continent is that of a joint family. All people cannot adjust to this system. In a joint family, the kids usually bear the burden of taking care of their elderly grandparents with or without their will. Financial burden is something we all can relate to, no matter what part of the world we live in. we all want to make our ends meet and to have enough money to cover the basic necessities and then have some money left for other activities. There are social pressures on us to behave a certain way. Our society expects us to do some things and if we go against them, those acts or that behavior becomes a burden on our shoulders which we have to carry around. Emotional burdens are also faced by everybody but they differ according to the culture. For example: an emotional burden on an individual living in Asia might be to ensure that he gets his daughter married off to a good man as soon as she turns 20. This can also be referred to as a social burden. On the other hand, an individual living and brought up in a Western society may not face this burden; his emotional burden may be relevant to his girlfriend. Psychological burdens are not easy to define. This is relative to every individual and their experiences. Fo