ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The meeting took place at the San Dimas’ Council Chambers. The people who were present at the meeting included Mayor Curtis Morris, designate-Mayor Denis Bertone, and three other council members. Besides, several members of the council staff were also present including City Manager Blaine Michaelis, City Attorney Kenneth Brown, Director of Public Works, Director of Parks and Recreation, and Deputy City Clerk among other officials. Several citizens were seated at the audience’s gallery. Most of the people in the audience were present as mere observers, although others had come to push for certain agendas. During the meeting, there were no absences that could have derailed the council’s business. The meeting began when the mayor called the council to order and led the rest of the attendants in the flag salute. The items that were on the agenda on that day included the usual pre-planned businesses such as the addressing of the items on the consent calendar and recognitions. Right after the meeting started, the California Parks and Recreation Society (CPRS) presented an award to the Senior Centre International Cultural Club (SCICC). The award was presented by Erica Rodriguez (of the CPRS) to Victoria Lopez (of the SCICC). When accepting the award, Lopez took the opportunity to recognize Roma Dhingra, an honorary member of the SCICC. The next part of the meeting involved inviting members of the audience to address the Council on any matter that was not covered on the day’s agenda. According to the council’s laws, such a matter cannot be discussed, but it can be fixed as an agenda for a later date ( City of San Dimas Website ). The audience member who rose with a matter of this nature was Amy Crows, the manager of San Dimas Library. Miss Crows were just giving the Council Assembly updates on events that had earlier been planned for the library. The council’s business moved on to the main agendas. The first order of business was an acknowledgment of the positive work that the council had earlier done on the San Dimas Dog Park. Afterward, the council sought to enact all pending resolutions using a single motion. Nobody was opposed to this strategy, and the council proceeded to vote for these resolutions. All the resolutions were unanimously passed with a ‘yes’ vote from all the voting members. The meeting then moved to agenda five, which covered ‘other matters.’ The first of such matters involved a discussion concerning the appropriation of funds for conducting preliminary works on the construction of two crosswalks within San Dimas. This discussion involved the council’s employees, the mayor, council membe
Presenting problem Marceline is a frustrated female aged 19 years of age and she needs counseling because she has become indecisive. She is the person to interview in this therapy because she presents high level of stress (Sprenkle, 2003, p. 85). The woman has been facing challenging times first having lost her first love to another woman. Her boyfriend Leon lost his job and her working hours were reduced. She and her boyfriend even had to leave their house and move to a one room studio apartment. She says she feels that her boyfriend Leon is acting weird because of his drinking habits and that is threatening. She also admits she has been seeing her ex boyfriend Michael who is the father to her son, Michael Jr. They have even been intimate with each other. Besides, she and Leon have been drinking a lot though they claim it is just meant to calm their nerves. She also says that her son is not just normal because of the way he acts, throwing tantrums, crying and not talking. Family background Marceline is still married to her high-school sweetheart, Michael. The two got married in Las Vegas when they learnt that she was pregnant with Michael’s child. Michael was her first love involvement. The two eloped because they thought that things were alright that way. And they were for their first year of marriage. However, things changed and Michael eloped with another woman. Now he has come back and he feels that they should get back together and move in with their son. Michael Junior is so hyper active according to Marceline and she usually takes her to his Grandmother’s day care whenever she can. Grace’s Junior’s grandmother runs a day care. Currently Marceline lives with her boyfriend Leon whom she wants to leave for Michael. Significant counseling history This is a very important section. Basically this is set to interview the person who initiated the session (Sprenkle, 2003, p. 85). The strategy is designed to ask the individual why they feel the family needs therapy. Marceline feels that Leon needs to be taken through the therapy so that he can understand the reasons why she is probably going to make certain decision. According to her, Leon is losing his personality or the zeal to su
Introduction The World Bank is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that there is sustainable development in almost all nations of the world. It has acted as the world’s leading development agency for the past six years. However, during this time, the bank has received both criticism and praise from the various member states across the globe. There are times when this organization has been able to meet the development agendas of specific countries, whereas there are those countries that complain that the World Bank has been incompetent, fulfilling its promise of poverty eradication. Most of the states that criticize the activities of the World Bank quickly complain about its hypocrisy. Catherine Weaver, therefore, stipulates the difficulties encountered in trying to resolve hypocrisy in a complex institution such as the World Bank. The difficulties are more intense if resolving the hypocrisy issues within the organization threatens its survival and legitimacy. Weaver has therefore looked into the cultural and political environment of the World Bank in order to expose any tensions that propagate organized hypocrisy. She also sheds light on the various sources of hypocrisy as well as how hypocrisy trap enables people to understand the behavior, culture, and the various transformation that take place in international organizations. In order to gather sufficient data on the activities of the World Bank, the methodology that Weaver used was conducting ethnographic research on various operations of the World Bank. She also made use of published data and leaked information regarding the different scandals associated with the World Bank. This review will, therefore, demonstrate whether hypocrisy should be associated with the various scandals that have become so rampant in the Bank. Book summary Today, the World Bank is said to be inefficient in terms of the decisions and the actions that it takes. Leadership scandals are some of the most critical issues that have made the public to develop a negative perception about the services that the World Bank offers to its member states. Weaver says that the World Bank is the one that is supposed to guide other international financial institutions on how they can practice sustainable development. However, with the various leadership scandals that have been observed in the bank, experts now doubt whether the World Bank has the capacity to address the various development challenges that are facing the developing nations. The book stipulates that the World Bank should engage in wide-scale reform processes to enable it to reinstate the confidence of its members as well as ensure that its development
Introduction Health physics aims at safeguarding the population from the damaging consequences of ionizing radiation whilst permitting the advantageous use of this radiation in a number of fields such as science, industry and medicine. The discovery of information on consequences of ionizing radiation on biological systems and risk of exposure necessitate the establishment of radiation protection measures. The original limits aimed at preventing obvious effects of exposure such as skin cancer. However, with the increase in knowledge on the effects of radiation these interventions have shifted to averting the delayed outcomes of radiation such as cancer. The general method in the evolution of protection standards depends on risk approximations with minimal likelihood of miscalculating the effects of radiation exposure. Since the majority of observed radiation effects happen at elevated dosages and dose rates, the information obtained from affected populations is reduced to low doses. This enables the approximation of hazards that happen in occupational surroundings. The creation, transport, consumption, and circulation of electricity produce power frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) (Stam 1). The alternating current and the resultant electromagnetic field (EMF) is 50 hertz in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and South America (Stam 1). The remaining parts of the world have an EMF frequency of 60 hertz. Facilities such as radar equipment, microwave ovens, specified medical applications, mobile communication systems, and broadcasting transmitters spawn radiofrequency EMF (Stam 1). As much as radiation has immense use in technology and development, the health risks associated with exposure to radiation are lethal. Therefore, government agencies need to set rules that protect its citizens from the detrimental effects of radiation. This paper compares the radiation regulations between Europe and the United States. It pays attention to occupational and the public standard limits of exposure as well as the safety measures put in place in these two regions. Regulatory Authorities in Radiation Protection Regulations are constituents of independent secondary legislation and are exclusively implemented by members within a specified jurisdiction. Regulations are binding and need to be applied completely by the affected member states. The European Union, for example, covers several states in Europe and has a set of regulations concerning radiation protection. Some of the regulatory authorities on radiation protection in Europe are National Council on Radiation Protection (NRCP), Council of the European Union, and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (Stam 1). The Heads of European Radiological protection Competent Authorities (HERCA) are other authorities that seek to establish and sustain a group of key radiation safety supervisory bodies in Europe. The United States of America, on the ot
The article describes the effects and benefits of wellness programs for older women and the impact of physical activity on Metabolic Syndrome. The article is written by a group of four researchers specializing in gerontology and wellness programs for the elderly. The aim of the article is to describe the benefits of the wellness programs for the elderly and evaluate reduced risks of Metabolic Syndrome. The authors state that the effectiveness of wellness programs will be evaluated on the basis of performance appraisal and comparison between old results and new skills. The advantage of wellness programs for women is that it provides them with a needs-based assessment. These tools and physical training methods provide older women with an inventory of lifestyle practices. The research is based on an analysis of thirty-two women (68.7 ± 3.4 yr) with the Mets according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). These subjects of the research took part in the psychical training programs. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the control group included 33 females with MetS. The qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to give the researchers specifics on the circumference, triglycerides, HDL-C, blood pressure, and glucose parameters. Anthropometric parameters helped researchers to access the overall effectiveness of the program. the selected research tools provide an overall look at the health practices of elder women as a separate social group. The evaluation of individual performance to determine physical deficiencies and related needs cannot be in the vague terms of degrees of “proficiency” in carrying out responsibilities or the generalized fa functions. The authors came to conclusion that multipurpose exercise program developed for elder women with MetS is effective and should be applied by medical and fitness centers around the country. The proposed reduces improve the levels parameters of MetS anreducesce cholesterollevelsl. Such appraisals, to begin with, are likely to be based on simple psychical training exercises considering such factors as efficiency, quality, and so on), which are highly suspect as outcomes genuinely within the control of first-line trainers. The main objective of including a physical activity component in a -site health wellness program is not to directly increase productivity by increasing their physical fitness. For a majority of elder women with MetS, the goal is for the exercise to contribute to the prevention of the clinical manifestations of various persistent degenerative disorders or to improve their general psychologic
Article Summary The article under analysis dwells upon the use of adaptive leadership in organizations during different stages of their evolvement. Gibbons (1992) states that the contemporary contingent business environment, as well as internal changes, require the use of different leadership styles. Moreover, it is emphasized that a leader can no longer utilize one leadership type with all employees and at different phases of organizational development. According to Gibbons (1992), the concept of leadership is closely related to the link between the leader and the follower who have certain roles and expectations. Employees having high growth needs require more independence and opportunities to come up with innovative approaches, so transformational leadership is the most effective choice in this case. Those who have low growth needs will benefit from the use of the goal-centered approach and transactional leadership as they necessitate more guidance and instructional efforts. Transactional and transformational leadership can become appropriate solutions depending on the situation (complexity and resources availability). Gibbons (1992) describes the peculiarities of the roles leaders and followers take up addressing various challenges. The increased scarcity of resources is associated with transactional methods use while high complexity requires the utilization of transformational leadership. It is stressed that effective leaders should trace the shifts that emerge, as well as identify the needs of their followers, in order to choose the most appropriate leadership style. Collaboration and communication are regarded as the foundation of the sustainable development of any organization. Article Relevance The article in question is important for the field of organization management since it explores the impact leadership styles have on organizations at certain stages of their development. Gibbons (1992) provides a detailed framework that can be employed by practitioners under different circumstances. Johnson and Johnson (2013) claim that situational theories of leadership have become widely used as they equip researchers and practitioners with the necessary tools to address the challenges and opportunities associated with divergent environments. The article under consideration is based on this theoretical paradigm, which makes it a valid source for modern leaders. It is noteworthy that the article was published in the early 1990s, so it can be regarded as rather innovative. It paved the way to other studies that explored the relationship between leadership styles and organizational change. Although the article under analysis appeared more than two decades ago, it is still relevant in the contemporary business environment. High competition and a volatile economic situation have a considerable influence on the development of organizations, and effective leadership tends to become critical for companies’ survival (Holten & Brenner, 2015). Transactional and transformational leadership styles remain the primary approaches to managing organizations, and the ability to employ the most appropriate paradigm
Today there are many different problems related to the workplace. Some of them are more explicit than others; one of such problems is overworking and working with weak health conditions. Health disorders, exhaustion, poor energy, melancholy, lack of focus, anger, and anxiety are all symptoms of a chronic overworking habit or spending too much time at work. In order to address the issue, different types of research approaches might be used. Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-design methodologies give an opportunity to research, discuss, and analyze the problem from different perspectives. Quantitative denotes the use of numerical data, which is equivalent to the word quantity. Quantitative approaches rely on experiments and surveys to collect measurable data in order to apply statistical procedures (Hong et al., 2018). Quantitative methods have the advantage of being able to generalize their findings to bigger groups. Quantitative research methods aim for objectivity and generalizability of findings (Hong et al., 2018). Generalizations from tests of statistical hypotheses lead to general inferences about population features, and quantitative approaches are typically regarded as deductive in nature. Takahashi (2019) handles quantitative research in order to research the issue of overworking and its health-related consequences. The research question is related to the overwork-related disorders and deaths in Japan. The quantitative research design allowed the author to provide numerical data about different health disorders among employees in Japan and use these statistics in order to provide a strong analysis and conclusions. Another study conducted by Tominaga (2018) also uses a quantitative research method in order to refer to the labor issue in Japan. Different statistical data regarding labor was used, and a number of statistical and analytical and statistical models were implemented in the research. A quantitative research method allowed the author to compare data regarding labor in different countries and address disparities in wages. Non-numeric data is analyzed and evaluated using a qualitative approach. Qualitative research aims to understand intangible evidence such as emotions and behaviors. Qualitative approaches can be used in studies that include interpersonal relationships, motivations to drive individual behaviors, and individual environmental interactions. Unlike the quantitative approach, qualitative methods do not enforce strict rules or procedures (Hong et al., 2018). Qualitative research is usually defined as allowing researchers to use case studies, interviews, ethnographic studies, and other methods to conduct in-depth research on topics of interest (Hong et al., 2018). Explaining the interaction between participants and researchers in a less constrained naturalistic context is unique to this approach and provides a flexible and open research process (Hong et al., 2018). Since the results are formed by the participants and the researchers in a particular situa
It is evident that Seattle is one of the places with the highest number of homeless people. The government has used a large amount of money in trying to deal with this problem, but no significant changes are yet to be seen. However, the problem of homelessness in Seattle can effectively be addressed through two major steps. This proposal addresses the steps that can be taken to solve the problem of homelessness in Seattle. What the mayor of Seattle needs to do is increase the supported housing programs that are already going on in the city. This can be done through a number of ways. Firstly, the housing programs can be improved by adding supportive services, which should be done on a long-term basis. Secondly, the office of the mayor should avail comprehensive services that cater for special groups such as the poor families with physically challenged members and young children. Thirdly, the community partners who are interested in taking part in reducing homelessness in Seattle should be encouraged to team up. Fourthly, the cost of renting houses in Seattle should be reduced through vouchers and other ways that can allow the poor families to secure rental space (Cnare, 2005). An alternative to the program of increasing supportive housing is to enhance the supply of cheap and affordable shelter in Seattle. The problem of homelessness in Seattle is worsened by the lack of affordable housing units for the poor citizens in the city. The supply of affordable housing can be increased through a number ways. Firstly, this can be achieved through the creation of opportunities for building affordable housing units. Secondly, the currently available affordable housing units should be expanded to accommodate more homeless households. Thirdly, the office of the mayor should work toward ensuring that affordable houses are built and sold to homeless individuals who have access to some money. Fourthly, the existing housing market prices should be subsidized to enable these people to acquire houses (Calavita, 2011). The second way that the problem of homelessness in Seattle can be solved is through the removal of barriers that hinder people from acquiring residential houses. Firstly, the barriers can be reduced by enacting regulations that will prevent unnecessary evictions resulting from defaults in rental fees or mortgage repayments. Secondly, the people should be educated and counseled on financial matters to avoid cases of defaults in mortgage payments. Thirdly, the people of Seattle should be supported and assisted socially for them to lead a stable life. This may help them to view life positively and start working harder to make their lives better (Cnare, 2005). An alternative to the program involving the removal of the barriers that hinder the poor from accessing affordable housing is the creation of more job opportunities in Seattle. Unemployment is one of the major causes of homelessness in Seattle. Many people in the city are homeless because they do not have sufficient money to buy or rent a house.