ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Every city in the world has its foundation stones, often enfolded in legend, conjecture, traditional beliefs and odd truths (Hollis 21). In an attempt to scrutinize these stones for evidence, this essay aims to outline how London looked like during the Roman age, particularly in terms of possible layout, mode of business, size, religious orientation and other variants. Historians are of the opinion that London emerged out of a river crossing, when merchants following the Roman soldiers fighting under Emperor Claudius settled on the Thames northern bank in AD 43 (Hollis 21). It is imperative to note that the Roman age covers the period AD 1-200. In attempting to digest how the city of London looked like during the Roman age, extant literature demonstrate that the “…trail trenches dug in 1985 revealed distinct evidence of timber-built workshops and houses built in the period AD 60-100” (Williams 3). Other accounts demonstrate that London was built as a planned Roman town, with major public buildings, including a substantially large basilica, temples, bath houses, and a large military fortress. Indeed, it has been claimed that the Romans transformed the city from an open commercial meeting place into an administrative centre and a military stronghold (Nicholas 58). However, this description serves to demonstrate the layout of London during the Roman age. As reported by Roman historian Cassius Dio, the section where the merchants settled during the AD 43 war had a bridge even before it had a name (Hollis 21). It was this settlement that later came to be called the town of Londinium, but the bridge that had been constructed prior to the town’s existence, specifically in AD 55, had been build using long poles (piles) made of wood. These piles were hammered into the soft ground until they reached the hard surface underneath to achieve stability, after which more wood was used to strengthen and reinforce the bridge (Morris 45). Historical and archeological accounts of discovered coins demonstrate that the Roman-era merchants conducted business using currency as is normally done in present-day London. However, other accounts demonstrate that barter trade was used during this era for trade and commerce (Morris 64; Hollis 22). The popular view among historians is that the currency trade subsisted hand-in-hand with barter trade, where people of high social standing and soldiers normally traded in currency while people in the lower echelons of society exchanged goods. The Londinium was home to one of the largest basilicas ever to be built by the Romans (Morris 27). The presence of the basilica, along with other buildings of worship such as temples and bath houses, serve as vivid pointers to the presence of religiosity among the inhabitants of the city of London during the Roman age (Hollis 22). Archeologists have discovered tessellated pavements and roman tombs suggestive of the fact that concrete was used to pave the streets of London during the Roman age. The great London wall built by the Romans in the 2nd century is also suggesti
Nowadays, the healthcare industry seems to be going through a number of changes at once, some of them positive, while others are considered rather controversial. However, the purpose of this paper is to determine whether the lack of staff involvement is a stressor, which affects the quality and safety of care. The efforts related to increasing work engagement in the healthcare industry are the latest addition to the Triple Aim, which is now known as the Quadruple Aim (Jacobs et al., 2018). In 2007, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement decided to issue a set of objectives to guide each and every healthcare organization in the U.S. in regard to system optimization (Fitzpatrick, Bloore, & Blake, 2019). The Quadruple Aim adds improving the work environment to the initial set of goals, which includes “improving the patient experience of care (…), improving the health of populations, and reducing the per capita cost of healthcare” (Fitzpatrick et al., 2019, p. 185). The issues of employee shortages, work-related stress, and high turnover rates in clinical settings are all ultimately tied to the lack of organizational initiatives targeted at increasing staff involvement. In order to fully grasp the scope of the problem at hand, it is imperative to examine the latest statistics. First, it is crucial to acknowledge the fact the healthcare industry has more workers than any other sector in the United States’ economy. After all, even during the finical crisis of 2007-08 and amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the rates of employment in the medical settings continued to rise (Reed, 2019). However, despite employing millions of employees, research demonstrates that the healthcare industry only has around 40% of highly engaged employees (Reed, 2019). This explains high turnover rates in the industry as well as a constant need for competent medics. The nation’s hospital executives, including one of the board members at Premier Health whom I have had a pleasure to converse with, express their concern over the increasing demand for workers after the retirement of the baby boomer generation workforce. Therefore, it is apparent the medical sector is facing the problem of specialist deficiency, including nurses and clinicians. In terms of the impact of employee shortages on my hospital specifically, I have uncovered that the issue is more dangerous than ever. Only in the last year, I have witnessed 5 nurses retiring and a dozen more quitting after a year or two of working. One of the primary causes has been the COVID-19 pandemic although some stated personal issues and a general lack of interest as their reasons for leaving. As a result of shortages, our directors have considered merging with another local institution in the hopes of creating a big medical center in Ohio. Another problem, which originates from the absence of lack of staff engagement, is high turnover rates. According to Reed (2019), the American Health Care Association reports unfortunate figur
Through experiential learning, educators cannot only ascertain the presence of certain abilities in students but also develop specific skills purposefully while achieving a particular level of quality. Crucially, learning affects almost all processes including the genesis of perception, memory, attention, and mental and psychological processes, and a variety of activities can have a diverse impact on students. The main aim of experiential learning is the variation of the content and forms of teaching and student activities to determine the effect of these factors on the rate of development and formation of specific skills in children (Kolb, 2014). By observing the manifestations of experiential learning, a teacher can identify conditions or activities that are more favorable for the development of children, stimulate their involvement in the educational process, and increase their levels of motivation. Many researchers point out that the level of intellectual activity that students manifest when they are involved in experimental activities is impossible to reach with the help of any other type of teaching. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the latest academic resources on the topic of experimental learning and to pinpoint the issues and questions raised by the theoretical framework. Literature Review Davis and Arend (2013) emphasize that children are inquisitive explorers of the world and that the need to explore the phenomena of reality is a natural manifestation of the child’s mind. Indeed, children’s experimentation is not only a way of practical cognition of reality, but it also creates conditions for the child’s educational development, as he or she will be able to discover the essence of reality by identifying causal relationships. Moreover, such an intuitive way of learning is more natural for children. The authors note that an important condition for the formation of essential skills in students, especially younger children, is the availability of factual information and ideas that they receive by interacting with a variety of objects and phenomena (Davis & Arend, 2013). Thus, to understand the phenomenon, a child needs to establish relationships and connections through experimentation. The researchers stress that through experiential learning, students learn the relationship between cause and effect and can comprehend spatial, temporal, and other relationships, which further take concrete forms. It is known that young learners can understand an abstract notion better if their understanding comes from concrete forms; indeed, young learners gain a general understanding based on specific concepts. Therefore, it can be concluded that experimental learning can assist young learners in establishing logical connections and relationships while maintaining the students’ motivation to learn. However, as stressed by Beard and Wilson (2013), not all teachers comprehend the importance of experiential learning because the opportunities and capabilities of children are often underestimated. Students of this age group have specific features such as emotionality, sensitivity, responsiveness, and imitation, all of which allow them to
Introduction I agree with the assertion that the athletic team’s name requires a change because it is highly offensive towards Native American minorities. Although the majority of people do not intend to use the name to offend someone, it is still inappropriate, because if Redskins was changed to White or Black people, no one would support it. Essential Objectives Ferdman’s inclusion model or a multilevel analytic framework consists of five main layers, which are societal, organizational, leadership, group, interpersonal, and individual (Northouse, 2017). The influence of inclusive practices moved from mostly up, whereas the social backlash slid down. The primary reason is that the issue began with a Native American person demanding the change of the name, but the problem was escalated to a national or societal degree. However, the general acceptance of the new name gradually transitioned from top to the bottom of the model. The biggest barrier experienced by the community and school board was the issue of ethnocentrism. The local town was reported to be 95% white, which meant that Native American minorities are vastly outnumbered (Northouse, 2017). The following sequences of events after name changing were mainly focused on claiming that there was nothing offensive and the majority of people were proud. However, it would be highly disrespectful if numerous Native Americans called an athletic team as a racial slur against white people, thus, it is a clear example of ethnocentrism. The Native American residents in the town of Springfield would be placed in the Exclusion section because they were not considered as unique, and they certainly felt low belongingness. However, Native American students at Springfield High School would be put in the Differentiation section because the entire population was proud of them as players or participants (Northouse, 2017). These teenagers were appreciated for their uniqueness, but they were not included in the main group. The school board was showing inclusive practices towards Native Americans by allowing them to feel safe, involved, and respected (Northouse, 2017). However, there was no authentic appreciation because it is difficult to identify one’s intention. In addition, the members might have
The last few decades have seen a fundamental change in the way governments look at ascertaining the kind of activities to be implemented in bringing about transformation in the economic structure so as to bring rapid economic development. Such a process requires vast structural reforms in the economy, which are in the nature of proactive actions in keeping with the use of modern management techniques. Essentially structural reforms imply the taking of action in first identifying specific goals that are to be achieved in keeping with the reform objectives. There have to be partnerships with major stakeholders after an analysis has been made of the competition in the region in keeping with the advantages accruing from economies of scale. Since most of the actions will require a restructuring of the corporate setup, a review will have to be made of the economic, political and organizational situations in which corporatization and privatization will be introduced. A solution will have to be devised to balance the political, economic and social objectives in line with the ideology of the government that is initiating the structural reforms. Eventually a transparent system of implementing the changes has to be devised for bringing about the desired changes. The fact remains that structural reforms are essential for long term growth of any country and most countries in the Middle East region saw the necessity of realigning themselves on the basis of three requirements that pertained to shifting from a format of closed economy to open economy, shifting from public sector dominance to private sector-led economies and from dependence on oil industry to a more diversified economy. But unfortunately most countries in the Middle East, despite having realized the need to go for such transformation have not been able to do so in view of the inherent constraints in such countries. The region has not kept pace with the progress made in other regions of the world in bringing about structural reforms. The Middle East countries have not registered a growth in reforms in the fields of business environment, governance and trade practices. Hence there is strong need for them to follow an agenda of aggressive reforms. There is strong need for these countries to improve upon the levels of job creation and growth within the next two decades. Improvements have been made in bringing about reforms in trade resulting from trade agreements signed on regional and bilateral basis, and the countries have done fairly well in reducing barriers to trade by dismantling non-tariff barriers, particularly in countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Egypt. However most Middle East countries have been very slow in improving the business environment by way of their slackness in implementing financial
Events that happened in the Medieval ages are having a significant impact on the public perception of Arab civilization. One of the major issues is that Arabs’ achievements in science and technology are marginalized and undermined. Also, Islam, which is the religion of the majority of members of the Arab community, is being heavily criticized in media and by some political leaders. This paper will discuss how these adverse perceptions may influence the future of Arab civilization and the further development of Arab-speaking countries. While oil has allowed some of these states to achieve wealth, in terms of scientific and technological progress, the future is not as bright. The subject of the research was the Arab civilization and understanding why scientific discoveries made by Arabs are not known by the broader community and why technological progress is strictly associated with Western thought. To attain a detailed understanding, an analysis of the influence of the colonial era was conducted. Den Dulk and Oldmixon (2014) suggest that this controversial perception of religions other than Christianity may be partially connected to religious advocacy in the political context of the Western nations. Although European empires lost their influence as part of decolonization, some individuals believe that the effects of colonization will last much longer (Dülffer & Frey, 2011). Therefore, contemplating the future of Arab science is relevant in this context. The research has hinted at several potential future trends relating to the Arab world and Islam. First, major states, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, may intentionally exploit the image of the Arab civilization and Islam in particular in order to achieve their geop
Modern scientific and technological processes are practically impossible without the widespread introduction and use of new powers and utilities. The sector of power and utilities is tightly connected with digital innovation, which makes it possible to solve many diverse scientific, technical and technological problems in the shortest time intervals. There are the speed and versatility that have made digital technologies so prevalent in modern branches of science and production, and the audience does not have to go far for examples. Digital innovation is a unique phenomenon that, over the past decades, has radically changed the life of each of the inhabitants of the planet. According to the article “Digital Innovation” by Deloitte Insights, the introduction of digital innovations will occur at a faster pace every year. For example, by 2050, electricity will become 48 percent cleaner, according to the experts. In the future, the introduction of power and utilities will allow scholars to completely switch to digitalisations of human life, conveniently combining in one device the unlimited functionality of many items necessary for a person. Industries that intensively use digital technologies are developing twice as fast as average organisations. Taking into account all the information discussed above, it appears logical to claim that the main benefit of the article is its focus on the practical outcomes of power and utilities. Experts suggest that disruptive forces transform the electric power sector, and leaders of power corporations plan their digital journeys, taking into account the impact of those forces. In the contemporary information era, humanity is preparing to take a new step in the development of digital innovation; thus, disruptive forces can make a significant impact on businesses in the power sector. Furthermore, the article appears to be highly useful for the field of electricity and water authority; primarily, it can be successfully implemented in the organisation where I work, SEWA (Sharjah Electricity & Water Authority). This company aims to independently, in financial and administrative way, supply and generate water, electricity, and natural gas to Sharjah Emirates’ nationals and residents. According to the article, opportunities prevail in today’s energy and utility market will open up as the future unfolds, characterised by three increasing trends, such as decarbonization, electrification, and decentralization. The authors also highlight that other than moving electrons, power and utility companies are likely to see increased opportunities to establish value based on insights, data, and services. Thus, implementing the data from the article into its activities, SEWA should have real-time situational knowledge of its transmission, generation, and distribution assets to become efficient power company. Moreover, the article emphasises that due to an increase in energy efficiency, the consumption of electricity in developed countries will no more grow in tand
Introduction Cultural differences can be explained using multicultural concepts that may include racial identity and religion. These two concepts can summarize the behavioral norms in both a single cultured and a multicultural society. Both concepts are important in enhancing the development of co-habitation in the contemporary fast growing world. Multicultural concepts do also come in handy in societal development especially when they tackle the subject in question on an interaction perspective. This is because development does not take place in single isolated variables. They take place in totality. This work gives a brief but comprehensive discussion of the two multicultural concepts which are quite significant in the understanding of cultural differences. Racial Identity It should be noted that the genesis of racial concepts is closely related to the classification of human beings. Many racial theories have attempted to demarcate and elevate one particular social group from others, thereby justifying the oppression and exploitation of certain ethnic groups who are presumed to be inferior. The inferiority concept here refers to the level of intelligence, degree of morality, physicality of the individuals in the social group and culture of the social group (Fedelina and Guido-Dibrito, 1999). As a result, there was the institutionalization of enslavement of Africans by the whites. Another act that is related to racialism is the terrorism committed against particular groups. Racial identity is the subjective sense of an invigorating sameness and continuity. The concept is known to interact closely with the social class, culture, gender and other biological factors. Racial identity takes on many forms. The concept begins during the early stages of childhood development and develops rapidly amongst groups so visibly recognized by race. Such messages are conveyed through metacommunications which are subtle and often unspoken messages that are learned early in life and reinforced without the aid of spoken words. Thus, it may not emanate from the teachings of parents. This is pretty evident especially in racially integrated schools. In such schools, there are racially homogeneous eating areas in lunch rooms. The unspoken rule in these lunch rooms is that boundaries must not be violated. Thus, whites eat with whites; blacks eat with blacks, Hispanics with Hispanics and so forth. This instance explains the fact that even without parents verbal teachings on racial orientations, racialism can still be conveyed implicitly in racially segregated housing patterns and socioeconomic relationships. As an individual matures, he or she develops a personality that is informed by social and moral attitudes, behaviors, and feelings. It should be noted that social and personality developments are strongly intertwined with racial presumptions that are learned through copying (Fedelina and G