ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nutrition, as an integral part of the health care paradigm, has been frequently associated with various socio-economic factors that contribute to people’s access to nutrition and behavioral patterns. In order to define possible regularities in terms of the population’s nutrition, socio-economic status, health conditions, and perceived health status, various researchers conduct empirical studies with the help of specifically tailored surveys and assessment tools. The study discussed in the present paper will concern the notion of nutrition in the context of the elderly population in the slum dwellings of India (Khole 353). The primary research focuses on the link establishment between Indian older adults’ nutrition and weight and their poor financial and social environment. According to the author, the primary objective of the study was to analyze and assess the health and nutrition status among the urban slum-dwelling elderly population (Khole 356). To meet the identified objective, Khole (356) formulated two major research questions focusing on the overall nutrition level among the population and their average level of perceived health status (PHS). One of the major strengths of the present research is the author’s explicit introduction to the matter of malnutrition among the older population regardless of financial status and location because every person, with age, loses the abilities of proper metabolism and accessing meal with no external support. Having presented the relevance of the topic, Khole (356) gradually moved to the tangible aspects of the research. Thus, when speaking of the methodology, the author decided to dwell on the survey method, the results of which were eventually interpreted through the prism of a cross-sectional descriptive study design. The study sample comprised 431 people aged 60-104 (185 males and 246 females), with mean age constituting 68.5 years (Khole 358). The data was gathered with the help of an exhaustive structured questionnaire, encompassing such notions as gender, age, education, diseases, perceived health status, anthropometry (weight, height, and BMI), and nutrition status. Each of the categories obtained an extensive list of variables. On the one hand, such a variety was beneficial for the overall research and establishment of relevant tendencies in the field. On the other hand, such an extensive category list makes it confusing in terms of responding to the two central research questions presented earlier. In the result discussion section, the author presented the findings of a similar study conducted in the rural area (Khole 360). Considering the fact that the results of this study indicated a strong connection between one’s health status and nutrition, Khole (362) was willing to either criticize or justify such a hypothesis with his study. The co
Background Usually, franchising has been marketed without carefully analyzing the legal implications behind franchising. In this regard, there has been a proliferation of websites enticing people to consider franchising. This study selects an article by Brooke (2011) in the website and asks the most important legal questions about franchising. Expected answers are also provided. Should a franchise lawyer be hired once I sign the franchise agreement? After signing the franchise agreement, it is expected that, the new franchise owner will devote a lot of time, finances and energy towards the new franchise. Since such sort of input is expected, it would be unfair to such an individual if he or she is unfairly treated in the franchise agreement. It is therefore important to hire a franchise lawyer to deal with any legal issues which may arise. Will the small business franchise act apply to the franchise agreement? The small business franchise act was introduced by the federal government to ensure businesses adopt fair practices in franchise agreements; most franchise agreements are subject to this law and it is therefore inevitable to be covered by the law. Which individual or institution will ensure that all parties within the franchise agreement live up to their obligations? Since the franchise agreement stipulates different obligations for all parties in the contract, it will be difficult for either of the parties to enforce the contract on its own. In this regard, stipulations governing the enforcement of contractual obligations under the small business finance act will apply. Say the franchise agreement involves a giant corporation like McDonald, will individual guarantee and obligations be enforceable, and what kind of obligations apply to a franchise holder in such circumstances? In instances where the franchise agreement involves a giant corporation, individual guarantees may not be required because such franchises involve public limited companies, which recognize the company as a legal entity, separate from its owners. The obligations of the franchise holder under such an agreement revolve around ensuring the franchise standards stipulated under the agreement are adhered to. If the franchise holder is not a corporation or company, does he or she hold the right to transfer the franchise to a company he or she owns? Transferring the franchise to a company that, the franchise owner holds, amounts to a breach of the franchise agreement because during the formation of the partnership agreement, it was agreed that, the franchise would fall in the hands of an individual and not a company. If the franchise holder desired to run the franchise under a company, that he or she owns, he or she should have done so initially, and refrain from taking the franchise under a personal name. Moreover, if the franchise is run under a company, while it is registered under an individual, it may be difficult to realize damages if a legal proceeding arises because the company running the franchise may be a separate entity form its owner (legally). This may therefore cause a lot of problems in the franchise agreement. What sort of limitations do a
The relevance and appropriateness of the article The researcher who is a specialist registrar with the Department of Intensive Care at the Royal Cornell Hospital explores the issue of withdrawing and limiting the life support interventions, which are available to patients in the intensive care unit. Here, the author notes that such decisions are common in many intensive care units, and in several occasions patients are not included in decision-making (Tillyard, 2007). Conversely, agreements reached between physicians and the close relatives of patients are normally known as advance decisions (ADs). Therefore, most advance decisions are bound to reflect the willingness or last wish of the patient as presented by their relatives. In addition, advance decisions can be legally-binding in that they are considered to represent the self-sufficiency of an incapacitated individual. However, some opponents of the move to legalize advance decisions in England and Wales are of the idea that legalizing advance decisions will be tantamount to euthanizing the patients illegally (Tillyard, 2007). Therefore, the article reviews available literature sources to assess the ethical issues involved in legalizing advance decisions a tos the last wishes of the incapacitated individuals especially the elderly persons who are under critical care. Discussions Relative to the impact of advance decisions on patients who are critically ill particularly the elderly patients; the author explores several salient points, which show the lack of ethical considerations when making advance decisions for critically ill patients. First, the author looks at the quality-of-life (QOL) considerations relative to advance decisions. Here, the researcher notes that the criterion used to determine the degree of survivability of critically ill patients is not precise and therefore, the QOL considerations should be based on the reasons provided by the patient for deciding to undertake certain medical interventions and not others (Tillyard, 2007). In addition, some advance decisions are said to limit the ability of physicians to make sound decisions. Secondly, the author explores the cost implications in providing intensive care as a reason that for the relatives and physicians to make advance decisions for their critically ill patients. Here, the author shows that most patients who are given end-of-life interventions based on their ADs are initially provided full medical interventions. However, when the costs go higher, the ADs are used to limit or end the interventions (Tillyard, 2007). Thirdly, the author looks at the number of the advance decision in the U.S. at a given period and notes that the number is relatively small; this will also be the case in England and Wales. Fourthly, the researcher is keen to note that legalizing advance decisions will also complicate the role of the Lasting Power Attorney (LPA) in helping incapacitated patients. Additionally, the author posits that it will be difficult for most patients and their relatives to interpret the legali
Abstract The research shows that Emergency Departments (EDs) in many regions of the country are short-staffed, and this fact influences the patient experiences significantly. The shortages in the nurse staff affect the waiting time for patients, and as a result, the level of patient satisfaction. In 2006, the average waiting time associated with the number of available staff in the ED was about 37 minutes when the standard time was no more than 15 minutes, and these numbers tend to increase because of inadequate staffing in most EDs of the country (Aiken, Cimiotti, & Sloane, 2011; Horwitz, 2010). Researches indicate that nurse staff shortages in the EDs are associated with the low-standard care caused by the extended waiting time and disproportionally high numbers of patients in the EDs (Aiken & Sermeus, 2012). The evidence-based solution to the problem of short staffing in the ED and decreased levels of patient satisfaction is self-scheduling which is an alternative to traditional methods of signing up for nursing shifts (Dent, 2015; Oredsson, Jonsson, Rognes, & Lind, 2011). While implementing the electronic tool for self-scheduling in the ED, it is possible to expect full staffing for all shifts and, as a consequence, positive changes in the patient experiences. In this context, the implementation of the self-scheduling system in the EDs can be discussed as an effective solution to the problem of short staffing associated with nursing staff shortages. The proposed intervention is also efficient to change the patients’ experiences while influencing the level of their satisfaction. Introduction Short staffing in EDs in comparison with full staffing can be discussed as a problem that affects the levels of patient satisfaction. The implementation of the self-scheduling system in the EDs as the solution to the problem of short staffing oriented to changing the patient experienc
Al-Qaeda is one of the most feared terrorist groups in the world. Al-Qaeda traces its origin to the Middle East. People often associate Al-Qaeda with extreme Islamism. This article reviews a book by Fawaz Gerges, “The Rise, and Fall of Al-Qaeda”. The book reflects on issues surrounding the Al-Qaeda. Fawaz uses his mastery and expertise to write a compelling and broad analysis of this terrorist group. Fawaz gives a detailed account of the origin, functioning, and decline of Al-Qaeda. He starts by explaining the origin of Al-Qaeda. According to him, this terrorist group came into existence in the early 1990s. He continues to document that Al-Qaeda officially united in 1998 after Bin Laden returned to Afghanistan from Sudan. Fawaz portrays Al-Qaeda as a less dangerous group compared to claims of the West. He writes that the group is losing power. He attributes the overrating of this group by Americans to the entrenched interests of the US. Further, Gerges points out that interests of the west coupled with fear lead to the exaggeration of issues concerning Al-Qaeda. In addition, Gerges highlights the consequences, and implications of this exaggeration. Further, he documents that this exaggeration amplifies the problem. Gerges argues that the United States has continually interfered with the group. He explains that by sending troops to Saudi Arabia after the Gulf war, the US provoked the Al-Qaeda. Americans after successful scattering the Al-Qaeda and the Taliban did not leave Afghanistan but rather focused attention towards economic resources of the country, and the Middle East as a whole. He goes on to show how the US in their bid to remove dictators in Mesopotamia gave Al-Qaeda a chance to expand because the US removed of a section of leaders who hated this group. However, the Al-Qaeda started discording the Arabs instead of uniting them. This resulted to Al-Qaeda losing fame among the Arabs for orchestrating violence against Muslims. Fawaz continues to explain the factors that contributed to Al-Qaeda’s loss of power. In his book, Fawaz explains that the group fell after the 9/11 attacks in the US. Osama failed to listen to warnings issued by the Taliban. In return theTaliban refused to support him. The Taliban asked Bin Laden to concentrate on eliminating the enemies within Afghanistan borders instead of going after the US. Osama ignored this and continued with the planned attack. Osama’s hope of gaining support from the public did not actualize. Consequently, Bin Laden’s miscalculation and overconfidence saw him fall. The author continues to write that the group has not risen again. He says that there is a slim chance that Al-Qaeda will revive itself. Moreover, Al-Qaeda cannot get support from either the public in Middle East or the Taliban. According to him, the Taliban is still struggling to recover control over Afghanistan after losing it to Al-Qaeda. Obviously, it is unlikely that the Taliban will allow any other terrorist group to overpower them. Fawaz ends his book by commenting on the disjuncture b
Introduction The role of television is crucial for many reasons: people get access to a new source of information and decide to follow or argue the practices showed. Pfefferman (2013) admit that there are no new lessons or facts, just new faces that make people treat the same things in a different way. Some ethical dilemmas were developed around this show because there were no neutral opinions: people could love the characters and their styles of life or hate everything connected with Beavis, Butt-head, and their “huh-huh” and “heh-heh” conversations. The current paper aims at describing the ethical problems that can be observed in the case of Beavis and Butt-head and its impact on people of different age like propaganda of violence, wrong behavior, senseless conversations, and poor lessons given to young viewers and the possibility to explain that people are able to control the level of media impact and decide independently whether to take a lesson or use as an example. Central Theme The Beavis and Butt-head show introduces many lessons to be understood by people of different age; still, the most serious impact of the show is possible on young children, who are under a threat of repeating the ideas offered by Beavis and Butt-head, and parents, who have to consider the threat of Beavis and Butt-head and media in general on their children and try to prevent the threats and challenges associated with the show. The central theme for discussion is a human inability to create one particular opinion about something and define its role and impact on people: parents are not sure of how the show may influence their children, the creators want to believe in the power of their work, and appraisers/observers try to stick to some neutral still effective points of view. Ethical Root Causes The case of Beavis and Butt-head show proves that the way of how a show or other media source depends on the faces used and surroundings under which the content is delivered. Some people say that Beavis and Butt-head is a show about violence, rudeness, human stupidity, etc. (Newcomb, 2014; Portigal, 2012). Some people still enjoy the way of how human life is described in the show. Some parents are even afraid of the impact of the show their children may undergo. The root causes of ethical dilemmas are as follows:  1. Parents are not able to control their children behavior and decisions and blame television for promoting violent behavior or wrong solutions because they like doing the things more convenient and winning for them (Maxwell, 2005).  2. Inappropriate programming defines the level of human abilities to understand poorly the events around; the case study offered by Badaracco and Useem (1997) demonstrates how the Beavis and Butt-head show is declared as the bravest show in the history and the death knell of civilization because of the incessant cackle of the main character
Introduction The Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony case study was funded and developed with the help of a coordinated group following an urgent need to solve a shortcoming that befell the Kitchener-Waterloo community. The music lovers were worried sick after the Symphony’s principal conductor was fired without a properly defined reason. The case study was meant to look critically at what went wrong and how the new board would restore peace in the community and the symphony itself (Humphries, p. 1). Area of study The areas of study include Kitchener and Waterloo, which are both of medium size and are adjacent to each other. During the 19 th century, the Germans and Mennonites settled in these areas. Kitchener got its original name from some of the settlers who first settled in the area. The name was later changed to Berlin. However, the original name was restored during World War 1 due to some comments against the Germans. Kitchener and Waterloo are areas in Canada that harbor the technological unit. The musical heritage Both the areas of Kitchener and Waterloo have one thing in common – music plays a big role in the community’s lifestyle. The first musical group was started in mid 19 th century and was dubbed the Berlin Band. The band’s first official appearance to the public scene occurred 27 years after its initiation. The Waterloo Musical Society Band was also started and still exists at present. Choral music and orchestral music have both been adopted in the area and have played an important role in the area’s musical heritage. Various groups were established and they used both types of music, choral and orchestral. The Kitchener-Waterloo Chamber Orchestra, for example, sang orchestral music. The United Male Singing Society of Berlin, on the other hand, sang choral music. Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony, abbreviated as K-W Symphony, was established in 1944. At first, it was meant to give an accompaniment to the K-W Philharmonic choir (Humphries, p. 2). Kruspe was the first conductor of the orchestra and he led it for the next 15 years. Frederic Pohl later succeeded him and took over for another 10 years. Pohl had good management skills and that is why the orchest
Introduction The French philosopher, Michel Foucault, also being a social theorist, historian and critic, was one of the most influential critical thinkers of the 20 th century. His philosophical theories address the issues of power and how it is used in controlling social systems, knowledge, and how knowledge equally controls power. His theories are popular up to date in the academic arena; he is among the most influential postmodern philosophers (Michel 12). There are various boo
When negotiations are held, the main intention is to come up with an agreement that will provide a roadmap for an action to be taken (Howard, 1982, p.5). Negotiations have mostly been aimed at ensuring that existing conflicts are resolved amicably. They occur over a wide area and have no restrictions. In addition, negotiations can occur between organizations, businesses, governments and in other personal situations. There are many actual negotiation situations that have occurred in a global context. Examples include between international corporations and organizations, government to government and international acquisition (Howard, 1982, p.15). In international business there have been negotiations between the US and China (in relation to currency). China has been accused of manipulating the value of the Yuan. It has been agued that they have not moved towards a more flexible currency. On the other hand, the US has been accusing China of being a currency manipulator because it has kept the value of its currency unchanged to the dollar for almost two years (Stohr & Mattingly, 2010, p. 7). There has been pressure for a Yuan revelation so as not to put their exports ahead of others like America. Most of the public pressure has come from the US as they have felt more offended than anyone else. Chinas policies and practices have given most exporters an unfair advantage over their US competitors. As a result the US government through its Treasury secretary has been involved in negotiations to resolve this dispute once and for all. Some have been calling for immediate imposition of import duties to the Chinese. This is ultimately a global issue that pits the world’s largest economies against one another. In coming up with negotiations to resolve this dispute some US lawmakers have argued that Chinese leaders are not committed to this issue (Stohr & Mattingly, 2010, p. 3). Of course it is evident that problems between the US and China can be solved through negotiations. There has been a multilateral effort to ensure that this issue is solved through negotiations. Negotiations have been aimed at looking into the relationship between the two countries (that will define how they relate in business). Before these there has been a distributive bargaining where the US has urged China to try and correct the situation for better trade relations between the two countries. To resolve this issue China has been urged to move towards a more flexible currency. As a matter of fact, the Chinese president was able to visit Washington in a bid to ensure that trade ties are not severed. On the other hand, China has put in place good measures that allow for negotiations in an aim to resolve this issue. An involving negotiation process has been called for among the players to reach an amicable solution as this is a global issue. In a broader perspective, to give the negotiation process a professional approach many economic experts have been called in to ensure that the au
Introduction This is a marketing plan for the company’s new product – an intelligent refrigerator with a state-of-the-art digital application. We have baptized it ‘ intelligent ref’ . This is a revolutionary product – a digitally functional refrigerator. It is the first of its kind in the entire world, a refrigerator which can function as a personal computer, cellular phone, and television. It has a built-in central processing unit in which the owner can communicate via the internet; it can act as a cell phone, and it is remote controlled. Moreover, it can also act as a ‘central command’ to all the other appliances in the household where the refrigerator is located. This is the scenario intelligent ref can create. It’s quiet in the house. No human beings have roamed around in the past several hours, but there are the appliances, and the area is under control by a new kind of robot – intelligent ref . The telephone rings: the phone is not inside the refrigerator, it is outside the refrigerator, somewhere inside the house. But intelligent ref can communicate with it via remote, like an answering device. It hangs up. The door of the ref has an LCD monitor, which also performs the function of a cable television. When intelligent ref notices the seeming peace inside, it feels some music must be played. And so the mellow voice of Paul Anka can be heard inside the house, which is situated in the middle of a bustling American city. Now, here’s the catch. Thousands of miles away, a conference of executives is being