ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Children should be exposed to relevant books in order to inculcate appropriate values in their life. Teachers and parents should play an active role in helping their children to identify the most appropriate literature (Brace, Brockhoff, Sparkes &Tuckey, 2006). Thibault (n.d) posits that children possess diverse experiences and circumstances. By helping children to choose appropriate literature, teachers and parents would also be helping children to overcome their difficult situations, transcend their challenges, teach them to accommodate other people’s viewpoints, and also appreciate and respect their differences. In order for the teacher/parent to be more effective in helping the children overcome their challenges, they should also be in a position to help children select appropriate literatures. For instance, Shell Silverstein’s book, ‘The Giving Tree’, is a good example of a suitable children Literature. The author uses the relationship between a little boy and a tree to communicate to the children on the theme of giving. The author has outlined the plot tactically in order to make it easy for children to understand the relationship between the boy and the tree. This is a book that children would find very interesting to read and at the same time, it is also very educative. Main Body More often than not, children are generally considered to be selfish and always desire everything should go as they wish. Therefore, parents and teachers should use this book to teach their children on the importance of giving. It is important to note that the tree did not tire of giving the boy, even if it meant sacrificing its comfort in order to make its friend the boy happy (Silverstein, 1964). The teacher or parent should read and brainstorm about this book together with the children in order for the children to effectively understand the relationship between the tree and the boy. The teacher/parent should ask the children to identify the character that inspires them most. Since most children are generally selfish, majority of them are likely to identify the little boy who is receiving everything. The teacher/parent should take this opportunity to teach the children on the importance of giving. As a matter of fact, it is more blessed to receive than to take. Through this process, the teacher/parent will help the children to accommodate others. Subsequently, this accommodation will greatly enhance the children’s social life. Conclusion ‘The Giving Tree’ is a book that parents and teachers can use to encourage early reading. Jennings (2004) opines that children should be encouraged to read while they are still young. She further emphasizes on the need for parents to guide and motivate children when they are learning to read in the same way that they would assist them when they are learning how to speak. Winch (1993) states that, parents and teachers should encourage children to tell stories. For this reason, the teacher should encourage children to read ‘The Giving Tree’ in order to share the theme of giving with other children. Saxby (1997) explains that children should be exposed to literature with appropriate themes and well defined plots.
Summary An Equal Employment Opportunity regulation provides workers with equal employment opportunities. It protects workers from unlawful discrimination on account of color, sex, race, and religion. The laws of EEO also protect workers from acts such as harassment and retaliation against a person filing a charge in relation to discrimination. This facilitates good working relations between employers and employees. There are 5 main EEO laws that guide and protect the workers. The Equal Pay Cut of 1963 (EPA) prohibits the establishment of sex based wage rates. It demands that men and women are paid fairly in regard to their experience and qualifications. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) protects certain age groups of people (Buckley, 2012). It protects employees that are more than 40 years old. The fourth law is based on The Disabilities Act. The law protects people with disabilities working in the state and local government or the private sector. There is also the Civil Rights Act that requires people practicing discrimination to be fined by a court of law. There is also the Title VII that serves the interests of entrepreneurs. ADEA addresses the interests of organizations with more than 25 people. It encompasses government agencies and other firms within the United States. History President Lyndon Johnson contributed a lot to the issue of equality in employment. His activities can be traced back to the 24th of September 1965. He facilitated issues that saw the establishment of fairness in employment. This formed the foundation of the EEO administrative order. It was on August 8th, 1969 that President Richard Nixon signed the Executive Order 11478. The Executive Order required the State Government to prohibit discrimination based on race, nationality, disability, religion and sex at the workplace. At that moment, the EEO laws were enforced. The EEO Commission is an organization entrusted with the task of overseeing that the EEO regulations, policies and practices are properly coordinated. In 1964, the Congress created this commission to enforce the same act. The authority of the commission was to establish gender equity in organizations (Connolly & Connolly, 1979). The main purpose of the EEO laws was to prevent employment discrimination based on race, sex, nationality and religion. EEO laws ensure fairness in employment practices. Employers should follow these policies strictly. They should educate themselves and know their roles with regard to the EEO laws. The workers should also know about these policies and regulations. The employers can facilitate this by providing information material to the workers. This will help in conflict resolution in the work environment. Employers and employees will be aware of what the law expects them to do. Impact EEO laws have implemented chan
Commodity pricing and indexation can be defined as the process of designing an index to measure and monitor the performance of commodities over some time (Azhar , 2010). It is a speculative type of investment and anchors on the idea that investments are made based on speculative future prices and returns (Muhammad, 2002). Under Islamic law (Shariah), such speculative investments are prohibited since they involve the practice of taking money away from others to personally gain over a short period (Abdul-Rahman, 2010). Over the years, financial scholars of Muslim origin have come up with an Islamic commodities trading platform to be able to invest in the commodities market dominated by conventional commodity trading systems (Warde, 2000). The Islamic platform is referred to as Bursa Souq Al-Sila and allows investors to overlook the allowed principles of investment by the Shariah Law (Zamir & Mirakhor, 2007). It is important to note that the system is not very old as Islamic banking is a recent phenomenon that has developed and seen tremendous growth in the past few decades (Munawar & Molyneux, 2005). One of the major principles of Islamic finance is that commodities being traded-in must be real and not notional. This principle requires that the traded goods must be present at the point of sale and should be ready for immediate delivery after the completion of the sale agreement (Zahan & Kenett, 2012). Under the Shariah law, interest, referred to as Riba in Islamic finance, is defined as any amount over the initial amount loaned or given out. Conventional commodity trading is such that the buyer expects to gain in the future at the expense of the seller. This means that the buyer receives more in the future than the price agreed upon on the date of sale. In Islamic financing, however, this is not allowed as it leads to the receipt of interest (El-Galfy & Khiyar, 2012). It should be stipulated that under Islamic financing, it is assumed that commodities should be priced fairly based on their real market value. This is encouraged to avoid misrepresentation and deception. In the conventional commodity market framework however, the prices of commodities are set by the market and that speculating on future prices is profitable (Rosly, 2005). In futures contracts such as those used in commodity trading, allowing the market to set prices of commodities is what makes trading profitable as it is all a matter of speculation and nothing is certain at any point in time (El-Gamal, 2006). The Art of Islamic Banking and Finance (Tools and Techniques) by Dr. Yahia Abdul-Rahman gives a detailed overview of the fast-developing field of Islamic banking and Finance (A
Executive Summary The report focuses on nuclear accidents, their causes, and consequences with significant attention to Three Miles Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima disaster. The stress is made on the role of engineers in the accidents and the application of engineering ethics. The major finding of the report is that it was negligence in following the safety rules and procedures that led to the accidents. The primary recommendation of the report is that embracing ethical behavior might help prevent similar disasters and minimize their consequences. Challenges faced in providing the required information were mostly presenting it in a compact form without missing any details. It was overcome by producing only the key facts about the catastrophes. Introduction Purpose of the Report This report on nuclear meltdowns analyzes three differing industrial accidents from various countries to ascertain if the appropriate appliance of engineering procedures would have impacted these accidents differently. Through the examination of these disasters, this report aims to provide preventative recommendations through varying engineering practices that aim to alleviate the effect such disasters may cause. Background of the Report In recent times, the industrial revolution has seen a shift in paradigms, as many within the industry are opting for large-scale machinery and chemical production over the conventional hand production method (Landes, 1969). This poignant transition has contributed to remarkable increases in the rate of production and consistent growth in the economy; however, it has also increased the rate of industrial based accidents and the severity of such incidents (Lindert & Williamson, 1983). One of the accidents that have originated from this significant shift would be nuclear disasters. Nuclear accidents are considered one of the most severe industrial related accidents to have occurred as its effects surpass mere direct casualties to inducing more long term detriments to anyone within a large radius. Additionally, it also damages the environment and other life forms. A case study of previous nuclear accidents allows a richer understanding of the causality of such incidents and relatively aids in developing systematic procedures in preventing and mitigating the effects of such calamities. There are three nuclear accidents studied in this report, which, in chronological order, are:  1. Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania, United States of America.  2. Chernobyl disaster in Ukr
Odysseus has often been regarded as the only hero in the famous Homer’s epic Odyssey . It is but natural as the epic goes under the name Odyssey and it focuses on Odysseus’s adventures. Nonetheless, there are many other heroes. It is important to note that males have been ascribed to heroic deeds, e.g. Odysseus and his men, or Telemachus (Clayton 18). However, women also play an important role in the story. Goddesses, shadows and living women help men in their activities. Of course, Athena, the goddess of warfare and wisdom, helps Odysseus in many affairs. However, the goddess should not be regarded as a heroine as she does not belong to the world of humans. As far as the heroines pertaining to the world of humans are concerned, one of the main heroines to be admired is Penelope, Odysseus’s wife who is faithful, wise and even as cunning as her husband. In fact, Penelope should be considered a hero as she manages to rule the kingdom (Ithaca), she is ready to sacrifice her entire life for the sake of her son, Telemachus, and she manages to remain faithful to her husband due to her wisdom and cunning. The Wise Ruler When analyzing the role of the queen in the story, it is crucial to remember about the role of women in the Ancient Greek society. Thus, Clark and Schwiebert point out that Penelope is to fulfill tasks which “must be relatively safe, can easily be interrupted and resumed, and must require minimal movement from home” (164). Penelope being a woman has to comply with these rules. However, the queen is in quite a specific position. She does not have her husband beside her to run the house and the entire kingdom. It is necessary to note that the epic does not focus on Penelope as a ruler. Nonetheless, it is clear that Penelope plays a very important role in her kingdom even though it is not revealed explicitly. Thus, Odysseus meets his mother and inquires her about Penelope. The woman describes Penelope’s position in the following way: Still with her child indeed she is, poor heart, still in your palace hall. Forlorn her nights and days go by, her life in weeping. But no man takes your honored place. Telemakhos has care of all your garden plots and fields, and holds the public honor of a magistrate, feasting and being feasted… (Homer 351) The first part of this speech suggests that Penelope is only weeping and doing some female job in the house. It may seem that Telemachus is the real ruler of the kingdom as he takes care of all public affairs, and he also runs their lands. Nonetheless, it is clear that the young ruler resorts to his mother’s help who gives valuable advice on various matters. The first line of the speech confirms that Penelope is beside her son helping him in any possible way. Of course, it is impossible to claim that Penelope is as powerful as any other ruler, or Odysseus himself, as she is still just a woman in the Ancient Greek society. Nonetheless, Penelope’s role is somewhere in between (Clayton 19). It is possible to claim that she is the ‘éminence grise’ of Ithaca who mana
Introduction The rapidly growing world of industrialization and globalization has witnessed a sharp growth of industries, which are substantial in economic and social growth. Technological advancement is probably one of the major characteristics of the industrial revolution in the postmodern world with virtually every important aspect of a technical profession, largely relying on technological support to operate efficiently. Notwithstanding their aptitude to integrate business ideas that support them through the rapid diffusion globalized economy, corporate organizations are facing unrelenting challenges in their operations. Since its advent into the corporate world, Microsoft Corporation has been arguably one of the prevalent corporate names in the technology industry, with its performance positioning it among the fortune 500 organizations. Analogous to other organizations, Microsoft has also been facing challenges that have marred its corporate growth. Fundamental to this notion, the purpose of this study is to analyze problems that Microsoft faces and provide possible alternatives and recommendation. Symptoms of the problems Notwithstanding its long outstanding performance within the technological business paradigm with unbroken performance track record, Microsoft is experiencing something different in the contemporary days. Several critical symptoms to its downfall in the technological consumer market are becoming more eminent in the current days. Dropping in Microsoft’s market value is one of the first symptoms that significantly demonstrate possible problems confronting Microsoft Corporation; hence, its fall in market prominence and dominance in the last two years before the advent of Apple, which has proved to be one of the world’s most honored technological companies. Another significant symptom to the problems marring corporate growth is the gradual loss of human capital that has been forming potential strengths to the initial success of Microsoft Corporation. As postulated from the case study, Microsoft is gradually losing a majority of its innovative human resources to the prevailing competition with many of its top executives withdrawing from the organization either through formal work retirement process or attracted by competitors. Microsoft third most possible symptoms to its current problems is technological eschew or stagnancy with the case study report indicating that Microsoft is steadily losing value and lagging behind its competitors as the company has failed to continue producing modern technologies including gaming devices, tablets, mobile phones, and other media. From its initial growth in productivity that made almost all its employees virtually millionaires, one of Microsoft’s significant symptoms of downfall is its low revenue generation as compared to its operating income. This performance trend started stagnating and fluctuating from the beginning of 2008
The twelfth chapter of Richardson et al.’s Texas: The lone star state deals with the political, economic, and social realities of the aftermath of the Civil War in Texas. There was significant political upheaval as the Democrats took power in the legislation in 1872, the governorship in 1873, and ratified a new Constitution after a state convention in 1876. Eventually, the judiciary was also overturned as legislative maneuvering allowed for judges to be replaced and a new state Supreme Court to be formed, with Democrats filling vacancies. Overall, it began a period of almost a quarter of a century of conservative Democratic rule, supported by the majority white, farmer population. Meanwhile, the Republicans were in the significant minority due to both their loss of identity as a party and association with African Americans as a prevalent supporting population for the party across the country. In the midst of the democratic leadership, Texas was undergoing various socioeconomic changes. In the context of the political and constitutional conventions, several issues were especially relevant to Texans at the time. This included economic growth, crime and public indebtedness, agricultural depression, railroad expansion and industrialization, use and sale of public lands, and financing of public education. The Democrats believed that economic entrenchment was better than aggressive reform, and this led to significant agrarian discontent. Some other policies such as attempting to sell public lands were largely a failure, unable to generate revenue to decrease public debt. However, with a frugal and effective approach, changes were made that improved that economic status, law and order, and public services financing across the state. In the years of democratic leadership, there were significant changes to the state economy. F
For many decades, ADHD has been treated using a stimulant medication. As far as its efficacy is concerned, medication is essential in controlling the symptoms of ADHD. However, if used alone, medication is not an easy cure; indeed, it will be unsuccessful. The assertion that medication as a method of transforming the behavioral patterns of learners suffering from ADHD in an inclusive setting is not only effective, but it also holds true (Smith et al. 2012). With this regard, this paper aims at deriving well researched and documented evidence to support this assertion. It is worthwhile and justifiable to indicate that using medication to modify the behavior of students with ADHD is essential. However, it should be used along with other non-medicated methods. The validity of this position is backed by the NIMH (2004) who conducted a study on Children with ADHD. From NIMH’s study, out of four groups of treatment; community support, medication only, behavior therapy and combination of medication and behavior therapy, medication and behavior therapy combined is the most effective. This is because it was found to decrease depression, lowering social skills problems, improving academic performance, and it was paramount in improving parental relationships. Similar inferences can be inferred from the findings of the research conducted by Reid, Trout and Schartz (2005) that revealed that medication is the most appropriate treatment of the symptoms associated with ADHD. Additionally, Reid, Trout and Schartz’s research also recommended that ADHD patients should never be kept in isolation. With these considerations, there is there is nothing wrong with placing students with ADHD in regular education classes. Gartner and Lipsky (1987) claims that the proposal to
Introduction Political events and the overall political climate affect many areas of economic and cultural spheres. The impact of political instability, for example, may pose a risk for a country’s relationship with other nations that need to make continuous decisions about which states do they wish to trade (Baklouti & Boujelbene, 2018). Thus, the economic growth of a state may also be interdependent with institutional quality (Aziz, 2018; Dkhili & Dhiab, 2018). Investment options, especially foreign direct investment (FDI), are evaluated by businesses that seek to acquire assets that will expand their opportunities and increase their economic growth (Abidi, Antoun, Habibniya, & Dzenopoljac, 2018). Therefore, a connection between one’s interest in FDI and the country’s political environment is also based on economic stability and the lack of apparent risks (Al-Samman & Mouselli, 2018; Fernandez & Joseph, 2016). In the case of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the link between political stability and economic growth can be reviewed as well. The existing literature presents many examples from other nations with growing economies. The analysis of the contemporary scholarship presents some arguments that support the need for countries to ensure political stability to attract foreign investment (Erkekoglu & Kilicarslan, 2016). This research paper will consider the nexus between economic and political stability of six countries – Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar. First, the paper will consider some previous research about these correlations to establish a theoretical base for further calculations. Then, the data and methods for analysis will be presented to show how political stability, RGDP, and oil prices are linked to each other. Finally, the research will demonstrate findings and discuss conclusions that arise from the available information. Literature Review The recent scholarship investigates the connection between political stability and foreign investment using examples from various continents. Developing countries, in many cases, have difficulties attracting foreign investment (Abbas & Mosallamy, 2016). They argue that any political risks and low or stagnating RGDP affect the outcomes of FDI flows. Moreover, their study shows that GDP does not have as much impact as political instability – the latter is among the most influential factors that attract or repel investors (Meyer & Habanabakize, 2018). To compare, the relationship between FDI and a country’s economic growth are bidirectional, which suggests that by changing the political climate, FDI flow increase could have a positive influence on the national economy. Thus, Meyer and Habanabakize (2018) suggest that countries should reduce political risks and demonstrate stability not only in economic growth but also in the political sphere. To continue the exploration of the South African economy, one may consider the effect of institutions o