ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Kindergarten English Language Proficiency Standard 1 is the primary standard that lays the foundation for the future students’ learning. As to the listening and speaking domain, the first level is limited to a small number of skills and strategies a student can use during learning (CCSSO, 2014). Therefore, the range of needs of English learners increases in accordance with the increase in their proficiency. After the learners’ proficiency in the level reaches the ‘proficient’ mark, then learners transfer to the next level (TESOL International Association, 2016). Addressing the needs of students at various levels in the classroom is important for helping every learner reach and exceed the expected standards. However, one of the key implications is the fact that each English learner enters the classroom with a wide range of abilities, personalities, as well as learning styles. Thus, it is the duty of educators to make sure that all students are successful in meeting the standards, mandated by their programs. By using a differentiated set of instruction and education strategies, teachers will be able to help their students reach the standards and transfer to a higher level (Levy, 2008). It is important to develop an appropriate set of ELP standards for English learners at the kindergarten level in order to create a solid background for basic learning and the linguistic demands that will be expected from students in the future. The systemic implications for addressing the needs of students at various levels in a classroom are widespread; however, they are crucial for making sure that every language learner is able to fully realize his or her potential in acquiring English language. An ELP kindergarten teacher should possess deep knowledge about the language students will learn, and help them grow and expand their knowledge. The domain of listening and speaking is very important at this stage since it encompasses a range of key skills and competencies students will use in other domains such as writing and reading. Furthermore, it is crucial to account for the changes in the number of skills and strategies English learners employ for identifying key themes and words
Introduction Competition has increased and this has forced managers to look for innovative ways of enhancing competitiveness of organizations. There is a general trend of change in management and leadership from simple leadership to more complicated leaderships. This change has been prompted by changes in the business environment and increased competition. The environment in which businesses now operate in are quite complex and this requires more than a single minded approach (Porter, 1985). Managers in organizations have been searching for ways to beat survive in the complex business environment and to cope with the increased competition. Multidimensional and non-integrated approaches to management have come up and they are more preferred to the single minded approach. Evolutions of styles of management progressed from the basic management that simply comprised of planning, organizing, directing, staffing and coordinating to behavioral management to management by objectives (MBOs) to Total Quality Management (TQM) to excellent companies approach to business re-engineering just to mention but a few (Porter, 1985). Value Driven Management The new approach is the Value Driven Management (VDM) which provides a more holistic approach to management (Pohlman & Gardiner, 2000). The concept behind this method is that whenever employees have to make decisions in an organization, they must consider the impact of the decisions on the impact of the organization. Employees must therefore have an understanding of the facets of values of the organization. Cohen & Warwick( 2006) points out that “these facets or sets of values are developing world culture, national cultures and subcultures, organizational culture, value of employees, suppliers, customers, competitors and third parties and then the owners of the business employees” (p.87). All employees in an organization must be leaders and they must work hard to maximize value of the organization over time. Value Driven management is thus a leadership style that takes a multidimensional approach to the organization. It involves considering the effects of an action to the value of an organization from the perspective of different groups. It is important to note that Value Driven Management does not replace other management styles but seeks to work together with them. There are several assumptions behind the Value Driven Method. These are the suppositions that formation of value or worth is imperative to the institute; “what are valued-driven action and that value creation and appropriate use leads to value creation” (Cohen & Warwick, 2006, p. 97). The other assumptions are that value is subjective; there are value adders and destroyers; markets provide basic information; opportunity costs affect value; order is spontaneous; values can compete or be complementary; for every action there are unintended consequences and all employees are employees. All employees must understand the eight faces well and apply them
Introduction Background of Coca-Cola Company The Coca Cola Company being one of the most known companies in the world was established in the year 1886. Like most business ventures, the company did not get an immediate success during the first year of its operation having reported a considerable loss. Consequently, Mr. John Pemberton, the inventor of the drink, had to sell the formula of Coca-Cola to recover the losses. He sold the formula to Asa Chandler. By applying his aggressive marketing skills, Asa increased the net sales of the company by 4000% in a span of ten years. Since then, the company has grown to be the most popular company in the world (Hess, 2010). Mission The mission of the company consists of “refreshing the world, inspiring moments of happiness and creating value by making a difference in the society” (Goodman, 2009). The company can be considered people oriented as its products are tailored towards the needs of the customers. Vision The Coca-Cola Company has a broad vision which focuses on making the company sustainable in each operation. Its vision is to inspire workers to contribute to the company’s success and achievement of goals through employing their maximum efforts. Strategic goals and objectives The company is committed to nurture strong relationships between suppliers and customers. The company aims at maximizing the share ownership over time to enlarge the company’s production as well as providing a wider range of production. Its strategy is to manufacture the products locally and market them globally (Goodman, 2009). Business model analysis of Coca-Cola Value proposition The Coca-Cola Company is one of the most recognized multinationals in the global soft drinks industry across the world. The company is steered by its main values which help in making the company and its products satisfy its customers. Its values include integrity, leadership, collaboration, quality, passion and diversity. One of the best value propositions of the company in the economic sector is its affordability of products. A remarkably large number of people today can access and buy the drink regardless of their income or social status, hence, giving it a competitive advantage over its competitors. The company is well known for its brand across the world. All brands of the company are unique in their test and are highly acceptable by customers. Core facets of the Coca-Cola business model The Coca-Cola Company has opened its operations across all regions of the world. The company has set up subsidiary firms in over 200 countries worldwide. Therefore, it produces from within the countries and sells the products internally. This is the main mode of operation which has served the company in a massive way. The company combines these values in their operations, which help in best serving the needs of its customers through continued production of quality brands. The company gives a lot of promotional advantages to its customers, a tactic that gives it an added advantage over its competitors (Coombs & Holladay, 2012). The company has an extremely stron
Calvin believed that salvation of man is predetermined by God only. A human being does not receive salvation based on deeds or piousness. Calvin urged that even before God created the earth he had already elected people who would receive salvation. The people not elected can do nothing to escape the damnation (Robinson 1). On the contrary, Loyola believed that salvation required confession and atonement for sin. Salvation depends on one’s deeds. It can be achieved by practising the spiritual exercises for deliverance from sins. Some were drawn to Calvin’s teaching because they felt it was comforting, as they did not have to do anything to earn salvation but hope that God had elected them. Thus, no need to work towards salvation as that is God’s choice (Clendenen and Waggoner 185). On the other hand, people were drawn to Loyola’s teachings because they did not feel hopeless about not having control of their future as they could choose salvation and go to heaven or decline and be damned (Matlak, Randall, McMullin and Royce 1). The beliefs by Loyola seem fair in that one had a free will to choose either to accept salvation or not. It shows that God is fair to all and gives them an equal chance to receive salvation. However, Calvin’s teaching leave me more confused because I cannot understand how God can create some people, elect them for damnation, and give them no chance to escape and give salvation to others for deliverance despite their deeds. Works Cited Clendenen, Ray and Brad Waggoner. Calvinism: A Southern Baptist Dialogue . Nashville, Tennessee: B&H Publishing Group, 2008. Matlak, Gabby, Lisa Randall, Stockton McMullin and Pierre Royce. Ignatius of Loyola and the Society of Jesuits. n.d. Web. Robinson, Martha K. “Calvin, John.” In Mancall, Peter C., and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History : Three Worlds Meet, Beginnings to 1607, Revised Edition (Volume I). New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2010. American History Online. Web.
Soldiers adopt a new culture the moment they get out of the country for war. It is believed that soldiers develop a new set of beliefs and values while they are away and therefore completely depart from their original cultural orientation (Rubin, 2012). War veterans completely feel out of place when they return from combat with most of them remaining in a state of despair. The majority of these veterans roam on the streets because they do not have somewhere to stay. This kind of situation makes them feel as if they are no longer true citizens of their own country (Rubin, 2012). The culture of veterans is normally associated with soldiers returning from combat and a lot of effort is needed to accommodate this group of people back to the society. Homeless veterans have their own gathering places, language, symbols and are completely united because of their similar experiences (Lauter, 2010). This paper will discuss the cultural immersion of homeless veterans. The most surprising statistic is that veterans form one third of all the homeless people on the streets (Lauter, 2010). These are patriotic citizens who put on service uniforms to serve and defend their nation. Homeless veterans suffer from post-traumatic stress syndrome that subsequently leads to depression. Substance abuse is part of the culture of veterans and this poses a great challenge to the health care system (Lauter, 2010). All veterans appreciate the value of basic necessities because of the difficult conditions that are associated with war. Veterans do not take things for granted especially when it comes to basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing (Rothman, 2007). Veterans value their country and therefore the Department of Veterans Affairs should make an effort to ensure that the lives of all veterans are improved. Homeless veterans feel as if their country has abandoned them and this is normally exhibited in their sense of hopelessness and low self-esteem (Rothman, 2007). The fact that veterans are left out in the cold makes them to communicate with a lot of hatred and anger. Homeless veterans struggle in settling down socially because it is not easy for them to form close relationships back at home after staying away for a very long time (Rothman, 2007). Homeless veterans associate with fellow servicemen and this makes them feel isolated. Physical and emotional isolation frustrates homeless veterans and this can lead to mental disabilities. Many veterans can not remain in any job for long because of substance abuse. It is very difficult for homeless veterans to completely have stable lives without employment (Miller, 2010). Most companies require their prospective employees to have a permanent address and this completely locks out homeless veterans. Cultural immersion is necessary for homeless veterans because it a way of h
Definition of property management Property management systems is a computerized system that deals with all aspects of the hotel from booking, online reservations, point of sale and various amenities depending on the way the system is set for example, some PMS can be set to include processing of payrolls, back office operations and also in accounting. The hotel industry is a very dynamic and sensitive industry and it highly emphasizes on satisfying the customer demands and therefore, it has to come up with new ideas every time in order to be able to attract them. Also, the hotels must be able to embrace technology to the comfort of its customers and hence, it has to install the necessary software. Clients want to be able to book hotels in the convenience of their homes or offices. The role of PMS in the hotel: The PMS speeds up the process of reservation and consequently checking in by a mere click of a button at the comfort of the guests. It helps in reservation by showing the availability of rooms. PMS is effective in reservation as it does not allow false allocation of rooms as the guest is able to give all the information through the hotel’s website including the credit card details and therefore saves on the time that would be wasted through manual processes. It maintains a standard discount rate and therefore, there is no room for deep discount rate that can lead to loss. PMS allows the manager to always be in control of the hotel’s daily progress by just going through the system. It helps in the elimination of errors by the staff. The elimination of manual processes can reduce or eliminate errors and speed up access to important information for decision making. Introducing a friendlier user- interface can improve staff effectiveness thereby increasing productivity and staff satisfaction (UniDevCo, 2004). It helps in good maintenance of guest’s records. Maintaining guest’s preferences allows the hotel to be able to provide higher standard services and consequently being able to customize marketing efforts (UniDevCo, 2004). The PMS can also be useful in billing whereby, for every service or goods enjoyed by the client, it automatically bills updates the account and therefore making checking out easier and eliminate errors of the over or under billing. It can also facilitate quick check out through quick processing of the credit cards. PMS helps in controlling hotel resources such as electricity by the use of Scientific Control Systems like Energy32 that is able to switch off light when not in use. The PMS also helps in the key locking system by the use of key cards that a
Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone or Masaccio is an outstanding painter from the Italian Renaissance period. Masaccio is first of all known for his unique talent in depicting true-to-life figures and motions combined with realistic three-dimensioned perception. His great painting “The Holy Trinity” is a unique combination of classic art conception and scientific approach including the use of mathematical proportion, linear perspective, and the conception of three-dimensionality. In the following paper, I have my goal to discuss the way three-dimensionality in Masaccio’s Trinity conveys a precise relationship between the viewer and the divine. Looking closer to the picture it becomes evident that three-dimensionality in the picture creates an illusion of unlimited space thus involving the observer into the depicted reality and meditating on one’s connection with the divine in it. The Holy Trinity with the Virgin Mary, John the Evangelizer, and donors is located in the Dominican church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. The picture is believed to be created in 1427 though there exist other opinions about the date of its origin. The Holy Trinity painting is considered to be the greatest masterpiece by Masaccio with its unique depiction of three-dimensioned space involving the observer into meditating about its meaning. This great Masaccio’s fresco is one of the earliest efforts to use linear perspective to position the groups of painted figures in such a way that coveys precise relationship between the picture’s viewer and the divine shown in it and thus to arrange a relation between them. Speaking about the picture its numerous peculiarities and details should be considered. First of all, the picture plane is divided into ascending and descending triangles and has an intense clarity of geometrical forms based on a pyramid. There are two prospective points of the triangles in the picture: one is at the top of the ceiling and the other is behind the dirt mound at the foot of crucified Jesus. Focusing on these prospective points unconsciously makes the observer have a feeling of volume space. Using linear perspective Masaccio created an Illusionary chapel: in the lower part of the picture we can see a memorial tomb and in the upper part we can see a barrel-vaulted ceiling; there is God, Holy Spirit in the form of a white dove, crucified Jesus, Mary, John the Evangelizer and two donors between them. In the level of the observer’s eyes, there appears to be an illusory hole. The artist pictorially created depth and recession into a flat surface with a one-point perspective. Jesus is depicted in the very center of the fresco with a vanishing point behind him which also adds the painting’s illusionary depth. Using linear perspective also enables creating an illusionary impression of space. Thus the picture organization creates the feeling of a three-dimensioned space. Ev
Atopic dermatitis can be described as a kind of eczema or allergic disease resulting in a pruritic, non-contagious, inflammatory and chronically relapsing skin disease. If a baby has atopic dermatitis then he should be exclusively breastfed during infancy since this has been found to relatively reduce the development of atopic dermatitis. Those families with history of atopic dermatitis must breastfed the baby since he might have allergic reactions to cow milk or soy milk. Breastfeeding insures that no allergies can reach the baby protecting him from developing any allergic diseases. Those babies who are not artificially fed have to face lesser allergies then those who are fed special baby food formulas. (Meduri, 2007) Infants with atopic dermatitis should be breastfed by their mothers till they are at least 6 months old since if it is continued after that then there may be a rise of atopic dermatitis as breastfeeding gets combined with other food habits. Infants with a family history of the disease need to be exclusively breastfed since through the breast milk they are able to not only meet their daily nutritional needs but are also protected from other food allergies. Breast milk also increases their immunity allowing them to fight away allergies. Even after solid food has been introduced mothers can continue breastfeeding but not for too long. (Diepgen, 2006) Normally, a new mother does not need to avoid any specific foods in her diet whilst she is breastfeeding. However mothers having a family history of food allergies or with babies with atopic dermatitis should avoid only those food materials which may cause infectious diseases or allergies. Some of the foods materials a mother can avoid include shellfish, egg whites, food additives, soy or cow milk and nuts. If the mothers eat these foods then the babies may develop sensitivities towards them too. Mothers should consume a lot of healthy food including fruits and vegetables and try to avoid foods towards which her baby has an allergy. (Bergmann, 2008) Babies who suffer from atopic dermatitis and other allergies should start to intake solid food only after they are 6 months old since a delay in the starting of solid food in these babies may delay and even reduce occurrences of allergic reactions. If possible mother’s can also delay the introduction of solid food to up to a year. The less solid food they consume the safer will they be from allergic reaction. Mother’s should never give their babies solid food to which they have allergic reactions. Foods which trigger allergic reactions in the baby should be completely avoided and only be given to the baby after 2 years. (Henriksen, 2008) Environmental allergens, like dust mites, must always be removed from a baby’s immediate environment so that dust mite allergy can be prevented which might fasten the onset of the baby’s a