ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In a healthcare setting, conflicts can happen between different types of people and be based on a variety of reasons. However, the strategies for disagreement resolution are similar in each situation. Johansen (2012) finds that five main approaches to managing conflict situations exist, including “dominating, obliging, avoiding, compromising, and integrating” (p. 51). Each of these methods has its drawbacks, although integration is considered to be more beneficial than others (Al-Hamdan, Norrie, & Anthony, 2014). Nevertheless, people often approach such stressful situations using their personal experiences and characteristics without evaluating the outcomes of their behavior (Higazee, 2015). Thus, conflicts are not solved effectively each time they arise. In my practice setting, an interpersonal dispute between a patient’s family and a caring nurse occurred once. It quickly escalated because one of the parties failed to exercise an effective resolution strategy and focused on personal needs. In the mentioned above conflict, the patient was a young woman, whose parents wanted to visit her often throughout the day. Moreover, they wanted to actively participate in the decision-making progress without the consent of their daughter, although she was fully capable of making choices. At one point in time, parents came to visit their daughter outside of visiting hours and asked to see her. A nurse who was responsible for the patient at that time stated that she is currently occupied and cannot talk to them. Moreover, the nurse noted that they should come at a suitable time to see their daughter without any problems. The patient’s parents became frustrated and started raising their voice while saying that their daughter could not be busy because they were not aware of any treatment being established. The nurse attempted to respond politely to state that the patient was an adult who was fully capable of agreeing to all types of procedures. Only her consent was necessary for undergoing treatment. The conflict, however, was not resolved, as the family demanded to see a physician, who would be “more knowledgeable and trustworthy.” Upset with their comments, the nurse withdrew from the conversation and said that they had no other choice but to leave immediately. In this conflict, the nurse employed a number of management styles. First, she attempted to interact with the patient’s parents and present a solution – returning at a different time. However, upon being ignored, she utilized her position and used a dominating strategy, asking the family to leave. Here, her behavior can also be interpreted as avoidance of conflict, as she dismissed their negative comments. Nevertheless, another party in the
Introduction Major reforms were introduced to the Companies Act in 2006 and the Companies Act 2006 has been christened as a ‘historic bit of legislation in U.K. The CA 2006 pursued the significant principle of preparing shareholders to be the chief controllers of behaviour of corporate rather than the government. A company is required to have adequate flexibility and freedom mainly to create wealth as they being managed for the advantageous of its members collectively. To achieve this objective, it was felt by the U.K government to restructure both the governance and corporate law so that it promotes and facilitate companies to frame internal controls and structures that would strengthen transparency and trust and direct to achieve better performance. The CA 2006 preserves the primacy of the main goal of companies namely the maximisation of profits for the advantageous of the company shareholders. The CA 2006 has introduced new provisions in the act to safeguard the interest of the shareholders as a whole. Thus, under Part 10, s.172 of the CA 2006, directors have been imposed with a moral duty to work for the success of the company for the advantageous of the shareholders as a whole. (Sheikh 2008:3). This section notifies that the director’s obligation to work for the success of the company for the benefit of its shareholders on its entirety and may not be for the advantageous of other constituents or stakeholders. This approach repudiates the “multiple approach” and peruses the “enlightened investor’s value “as recommended by CLR and Law Commissions. The main reason for this option is that the multiple approach thereby facilitating directors accountable for nobody, since there is no unambiguous benchmark for measuring their performance. Thus, s.172 gives prominence to long-run aspect rather than short-run aspect, approach in corporate decision making process under s.172 (1) (a). (Searly & Worthington 2007: 293). Thus, this research essay looks into the various aspects of newly introduced s.172 of CA of 2006 and arrives at conclusion whether the director of the company has moral duty to shareholders only or to other stakeholders like employees, creditors, society and environment also. Analysis It is wrong to assume that maximisation of profit is not the sole goal of the companies. Rather, a company has a conscience and soul and is exercising its corporate social responsibility in society and carryout the philanthropic activities also. Other than its shareholders, it is caring for its suppliers, customers, environment and the wider community. Though, corporate’s sole objective is to maximise its shareholder’s wealth but it has to be more benevolent now. Its directors are the custodians, trustees, guardians and gatekeepers for the probable claimants of the corporation. Thus, CA 2006 makes an arousing of social awareness in corporate directors. Thus, the section 172 (1) of the CA 2006 now demands directors to use their corporate social responsibilities towards groups larger than shareho
Rousseau’s views on religion are worth deep consideration, as he challenged the ideas of traditional Christianity and offered a completely different approach to practicing theology. The philosopher believed that it could significantly contribute to the unity and progress of any nation. He promoted the essentiality of the shift from a religious society to a secular one where the general will play the most important role. Rousseau devoted much time and effort to outlining the criteria for an ideal state, and there certainly was no place for traditional religion in it. However, the philosopher emphasized the significance of civil religion, which means the adoption of common values by all citizens. It can bring lasting prosperity, encourage everyone to unite towards shared goals, and establish law and order within society. Even though his ideas appear to be incredibly appealing, it is evident that it is impossible to apply them in the real world, where multiple people strive to stick to their beliefs despite their flaws. To begin with, it is essential to review the concept of the general will, which can be found in many works of Rousseau. It gives a better understanding of the place of religion in the philosopher’s system. He noted, “Each of us puts in common his person and all his power under the supreme direction of the general will, and in return each member becomes an indivisible part of the whole” (Rousseau 164). The general will can be described as the will of all people, aiming at the common good but not their private interests. Therefore, everyone can benefit from it almost equally, and it is extremely advantageous for the state whose citizens practice it. The philosopher was convinced that the general will is always right and considered following it to be one of the most crucial elements of civil religion (276). If people hold shared values focusing on the common good and stick to them, they practice civil religion, which can positively impact a state and citizens themselves. In contrast, traditional Christianity takes a different approach, which Rousseau viewed as destructive. Christians believe that God is the only one who can always be right, and they are more concerned about his guidelines than the common good. It contradicts the philosopher’s idea about the general will as the best tool to determine whether a certain action is moral or not. Rousseau stated that traditional religion misguides its followers and creates a multitude of threats to solidarity and progress. The problem is that “Christianity preaches only servitude and dependence” (Rousseau 254). This method cannot nurture any unity among citizens and contribute little to the developm
Abstract The aviation industry is at risk of attacks from the terrorist and extremists. In the article, issues affecting aviation safety and security have been highlighted. Introduction Currently, the civil aviation industry acknowledges that security issues pose a serious risk to the sector. Use of ranged weapons, vandalism of aviation infrastructures, hijacking are the major threats to the industry. Rationale and significance Advancements in technology have made it easy for terrorist or other radical groups to target the aviation industry. Based on this, it is apparent that more study should be conducted on the topic. Through this project, up to date mitigation measures will be identified. In this regard, the project’s information would be of benefit to all the stakeholders in the aviation industry. Literature review The literature review will rely on five articles related to the aviation industry. The literature recognizes that the aviation industry is facing several challenges concerning its safety and security. The recent loss of a Malaysian airline is a wake-up calls to the industry players to step-up their security systems. The literature focus on modern cases where the aviation industry has been attacked. After that, the literature highlight measures to be adopted to ensure that the safety and security in the industry are enhanced. Methodology The methodology is an important aspect of every research. For this study, the researchers will collect their data from aviation stakeholders, employees, and clients using interviews, survey, and questionnaires. Conclusion In conclusion, the research paper would summarize its findings and recommendations. As such, several security measures to be adopted to enhance aviation safety and security will be highlighted.
Introduction The Vietnam War is a resistance against the US that happened in 1955 and it involved three countries including Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The war emerged from the antagonism between the South and North Vietnam. The southern divide gained its support from the communist allies like China and the Soviet Union while North Vietnam got back up from the United States and the Philippines along with other non-communist friends. After the war, several documentations have been made to account for the experiences of the American soldiers during the Vietnam War. This paper is a book review of Kyle Longley’s Gr unts: The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam . Bibliographic information of the author Kyle Longley is a distinguished professor at the Arizona State University and heads the school of Philosophical, Historical and Religious Studies as well as the School of Politics and Global Studies. The author did his bachelor’s degree at Angelo State University, the master’s at Texas Tech University and the Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Kentucky. Kyle Longley has served multiple administrative positions including heading the Faculty of History, directing graduate studies and becoming the Dean’s faculty fellow at Arizona State University. Longley focuses on research activities especially in areas of modern American politics and United States foreign relations thus making remarkable contributions in reviewing and publishing journals and articles. Longley has published six books that include the United States and Latin America, Ronald Reagan and conservative mythology and Costa Rica and the United States during the rise of Jose Figueres, among others. The professor undertakes a variety of leadership roles that comprise of hosting and organizing the inter-American conferences at the national level and communication information about the U.S foreign relations in ABC News, Newsweek, Los Angeles Times, and others. Currently, Kyle Longley is co-authoring a book with David Coffey and Gene Smith regarding the military history of the United States. Chronological scope and topics of the book “Grunts: The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam” presents the story of the encounters of soldiers beginning from the initial decisions to join the military to the final homecoming of the warriors who survived after the termination of the Vietnam War. The topics in the book provide systematic accounts of the different phases in the war including the American Infantryman that spanned in Vietnam between 1961 and 1968. Besides, the encounters during the fall and withdrawal of the Saigon and the eventual commemoration of the soldiers are well depicted in the book. The scope of the topics touches on all the locations used in the event of
Introduction Canon EOS Rebel T3/1100D is a high-performance, digital single lens reflex camera. It is fitted with a fine-detail CMOS sensor with a megapixel of 12.2. The camera has a DIGIC 4, high precision and high speed 9 point AF. It addition, it has approximately 3fps continuous shooting. More features of the camera are live view and high definition (HD) movie shooting. Getting Started This section explains the necessary steps to be followed before you start using the camera. Figure 1: Canon EOS Rebel T3/1100D Fastening the Strap Fix the strap to help you carry the camera around. Insert the end of the band through the strap mount hole. You should do this starting from the bottom. Then hook it into the buckle as illustrated in the figure below. After that, pull the strap up to tighten it to the buckle. Figure 2: Attaching the strap Charging the Battery Follow the steps below when charging your battery: Figure 3: Charging the battery Note: – It takes approximately 3 hours to fully recharge a completely exhausted battery. Recharging in low temperatures (6 o C – 10 o C/ 43 o C – 50 o C) will take up to 4.5 hours.   * When fully charged, the charge lamp with turn green. Turning on Power Table 1: Turning the camera on and off ON   The ‘ON’ button is at the top right side of the camera.      When on, the camera turns on.                           OFF  The ON button is still the off button.                   Note: To reduce power consumption and increase battery life, the device is designed to go off automatically after 60 seconds of non-use. To switch back on, flip the shutter button once. Attaching and Detaching Lens   * Remove the caps. Start by detaching the back lens lid and the body cap. Do this by turning them to the left as shown in the picture below. Figure 4: Removing the caps   * Step 2: Attach the lens. Match the lens’ red or blue index with the camera’s index, making sure to match the colors. Turn the lens to the right until it snaps into position.   * Step 3: Set the Auto mode on the lens If the mode is manual focus (MF), autofocus feature will not work.   * Step 4: Remove the front lens cap The figure below is a graphical representation of the steps: Figure 5: Attaching and detaching lens Basic Operation Adjusting the Viewfinder Clarity   * Turn the knob left or right until the viewfinder points appear sharp to the eye. Holding the Camera To obtain a sharp and clear image:   * Put one hand around the device and hold tightly.   * Grip the underside of the lens with the other hand.   * Flip shutter button lightly with the index finger.   * Maintain a stable stance to stabilize the camera and the image.   * Press the camera against your face and look through the view finder. Taking a Picture Follow the steps below to take a picture:   * Flip the shutter knob all the way to the end.   * Please note that pressing halfway sets the camera on autofocus mode. Safety Warnings Follow these safety warnings to use the equipment as required. The safety warnings help to prevent injury or harm to the user.   * To avoid leakage, excessive heating, and
This paper forms an analysis of the government pharmacists entitled the responsibility to give the final verdict on the issue of approving new drugs into the market. In-line with Buerki and Vottero, (45), the framework for decision making procedure in pharmacy entails the process of assembling a judgment to supports professional actions towards valid choices that are based on reflection and reason. The first step ought to involve recognition and analysis of any dilemma that may exist. The systematic identification of the problem is the foundation for analysis of any department in accordance to the law. Problem identification ought to be a clearly defined procedure to reduce uncertainty or ambiguity. According to Buerki and Vottero (45), the critical process of problem identification in pharmacy involves the distinct steps of gathering or identifying the technical facts, identifying moral parameters which may exist, analyzing the legal constraints involved and identifying relevant human values. By having the required facts at hand, the pharmacists are in a position to analyze the ethical implications and moral dilemmas associated with the problem. Today, pharmacists face the issue of weighing between possible economical losses or obstructing government’s reputation over the patients care in provision of medicine such as newly released strong antibiotics. Their conscious have to question the action they decide to take. Will they be reacting ethically if they endorse or recommend newly approved drugs regardless of effects? In relation to Buerki and Vottero (46), on identification of moral parameters, it is important to engage a personal debate over the extent to which the decision made have on the reputation of the government and involved firms for instance, to what extent would the high pricing affect segments of the clientele? The process of problem analysis and identification should also involve analysis of the effects of legal constrains that are involved. Other ethical issue involve invoking conscience clause in relation to the law. Sometimes pharmacists prescribe expensive drugs due to the influence of firms involved in sales. The management of such firms may have different perspective over new drugs because they are being driven by their consciousness of profit making. Pharmacists therefore need to analyze their consciousness and validate them against the laws governing people against malicious pharmaceutical companies. The decision they make ought to enhance the relationship between the pharmacists and the patients rather than conform to unprofessionalism or unethical organizational cultures. Some governing regulations are internal bureaucratic rules crafted to enhance efficiency of the involved firms at the cost of good patient care. Ethically these are third party constraints. Pharmacists need to understand that they are ethically entitled to other options other than remain confined to delivery of the final rule. Relevant research based on the past experiences assists in finding reasonable grounds for decision making. The research finding
Every country has a very high percentage of illegal immigrants, all of whom moved into the country for various reasons. Most immigrants move into a country for economic reasons, commonly referred to as “looking for greener pastures”. Refugees are not classified as immigrants. Each government has the liberty, according to its constitution and current legislative system, to take an action towards its illegal immigrants. Some may choose to create a system that will enable them to track them down in order to evict the immigrants, while others may choose to grant immigration amnesty. This simply means that the government grants them ‘pardon’ and allows them to stay, hence giving them equal treatment with any other legal immigrant. A great percentage of immigrants have a positive significance to a country; amnesty, therefore, may be a solution to problems that the government has never regarded serious before. Seemingly, immigration amnesty is the way to go for every government. Research indicates that there is no accurate measure of establishing the portion of foreigners in any given country who are illegal immigrants. This means that any decision, be it granting amnesty or having an eviction, made by the government concerning illegal immigrants will affect a huge population of people (Razack, p 34). It may be true to say that every nation in the world would like to be almost free of any immigrants, legitimate or not, residing in it. But, the benefits that immigrants may bring to a nation outweigh the liability that they may be (Cohen, p 27). Economically, eviction of illegal immigrants would cause havoc in a country, because most of these immigrants come into a country for economic reasons. They make a great contribution to a country’s economy, because of the economic activities they get involv
Introduction Most people may not differentiate between a jail and a prison. In fact, some people use the two terms interchangeably. When a person is said to be in jail or prison, they are denied the freedom to move freely. Life in prisons is characterized by restrictions that avert the occurrence of crimes. Further, there is a range of rights and freedoms that inmates are deprived. However, there exists a significant difference on the detainees in the two places. Comparison of jail and prison inmates Jail inmates are sentenced for a remarkably short duration. This would range from a few weeks to months but, less than 1 year. In most cases, during that time, inmates await trials. Jail inmates have temporary housing and are always transferred to other places after their trials. Jail inmates are entitled to housing, safety and food requirements. In addition to providing basic needs, a jail has fewer amenities than a prison. Inmates in a prison are already convicted for crimes. Their sentences are usually longer than those of jail inmates. Prison inmates are convicted for doing or taking part in felonies (Ruiz, Strain & Langrod, 2007). Prisons inmates may take a few years to many years in prison. They serve for more than one year depending on the intensity of their crimes. More to the point, jail inmates are not divided according to their crimes. Prison inmates are under tight security and have access to many amenities. In addition to the provision of basic requirements, prisons provide areas for exercise, socialization and education. Prison inmates have acce