ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Staffing is the act of sourcing for the most qualified or suitable person to work with them. Staffing entails comparing an individual’s competencies with the requirements of the job he or she is expected to take. Before any organization embarks on staffing, the individuals recruited to fill vacant positions are taken through a rigorous exercise to determine those that best fit the job description and those who shall be dropped. First, an organization conducts a recruitment process for potential employees. Here, an organization selects the most competent persons by taking them through an interview or tests. In other words, the staffing process entails numerous steps which includes strategizing, forecasting for the required number of staffs, and manpower planning, amongst others (Asiko, 2009, para. 2). It also entails managing the existing staffs by relocating or deploying them to various departments within the organization based on their skills, competencies and experience. At times, organizations may outsource their staffing exercise to other firms. This helps a firm to acquire the most competent employees as these staffing firms have the knowledge of selecting the most competent employees. For staffing companies to give their clients the best employees, they conduct intensive analysis of clients’ organizations to identify the different job requirements. This helps them in selecting staffs that best meet these job requirements. Despite these companies supplying their clients with staff, nonetheless, the final decision on whether or not to staff rests with the clients. In this regard, the staffing group comes up with a co-employment relationship with their clients. The staffing group assumes the responsibility for all conformity issues, administrative matters of the selected employees as well as human resource issues. For different organizations, there are numerous stages passed in the staffing process. This paper shall explore the staffing process within Bank of America and highlights some of the stages that are involved in the staffing exercise (Asiko, 2009, para. 3-5). Staffing process in Bank of America In order to acquire the most competent staff, Bank of America employs various strategies in its staffing process. Some of the strategies employed include defining the crucial staffing issues that affect the bank, identifying staffing surpluses and gaps, coming up with staffing strategies, and establishing staffing plans. Identifying critical staffing issues The effectiveness of staffs recruited in the bank depends on the ability of the bank to recruit the most suitable employees. To ensure that they have managed to recruit the best employees, bank of America ensures that it has concentrated on a small number of specifically critical staffing issues or job groups. As opposed to analyzing the entire organization to determine its employee needs, the bank focuses on individual department within the organiz
Communication in business is a highly important aspect (if not the most important one). I agree that different concerns can arise with regard to business communication, for example, language issues or misunderstandings based on culture. I would like to add technology as a possible mediator of communication. As Ivanovski and Gruevski (2014) point out, mediators that allow synchronous communication (chatting, video or audio communication) are more likely to enrich and facilitate the process of negotiations than tools that support asynchronous communication (e-mails, for example). As business communication can be dependent on language barriers, it is preferable to choose such tools that will help both sides overcome these barriers. Another important aspect of communication is the ability to understand others and to present oneself accordingly. Addams and Allred (2015) point out that business students need to know not only how to present themselves to senior managers or other executives but also how to use one’s language to do it successfully. Thus, I agree that it is essential to research background information about the company or executives, both when communicating with domestic and international stakeholders or colleagues. As businesses grow, so does the network that includes various business clusters around the world. The influence of culture is unavoidable in this case. Communication with representatives of different cultures can help us understand others and move beyond our perspective on a particular culture. It is suggested to involve students in international communication more often to help them understand how “to cope within the intricate context of international communication” (Goby, 2007, p. 435). Corporations also need to ensure that multicultural components are used in their training to make such communication more effective in real-life situations and challenges.
The concept of consumerism is closely related to modern society, which is quite understandable given the abundance of goods and services thrown into the global market (Monod 176). The phenomenon of consumerism, however, could be observed a touch earlier. Because of the so-called consumer revolution and the following commercialization of British society, the latter began to develop distinct features of consumerism. In retrospect, it is really surprising that the social revolution, which led to the development of consumerist moods in British society, started with the import of Asian goods (Monod 175). The change, which the British society went through after the introduction of new and, therefore, desirable goods, is quite understandable when considered through the lens of Bernard Mandeville’s theory of the market. As Mandeville explains, the private desire for pleasure (Monod 174) was the key driving force behind the process of shaping the taste for luxury in British people. On the one hand, the idea of consumerism being born in Great Britain might seem somewhat odd, seeing that consumerism can be related to the desire of acquiring innovative products, which is contrary to the British tradition of cherishing the things that have passed the time test. On the other hand, a closer look at the phenomenon will reveal that the concept of consumerism aligns with the idea of the British conservatism rather well. As Monod explains, having luxury and exotic products soon became related to respectability and politeness (Monod 176) in British society. Despite the obvious development of consumerism trends in the British society of the XVIII century, it would be wrong to claim that the phenomenon of consumerism as an uncontrolled desire to acquire new goods without the necessity to do so can be applied to the British society on the specified time slot. It seems that the key reason for the British people of the XVIII century to buy new goods had a new experience; in other words, the products delivered from such exotic countries as China seemed an intriguing novelty, which was worth paying for. Such a need for new experiences contrasts sharply with the current definition of consumerism as buying the products merely for the sake of having ones. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned phenomenon admittedly gave vent to the development of consumerism as people know it nowadays. It is quite remarkable that the taste for luxury mentioned above was shaped by the introduction of exotic products and the necessity to maintain the status of a wealthy and, therefore, a powerful member of the British society. Speaking of which, the relationship between British society and the increasing rates of what was about to grow into consumerism was quite unusual. Though the phenomenon that took place with the introduction of foreign goods and services into the British market cou
Introduction to the Problem One of the most devastating features of the conflicts in Congo is the practice of recruiting child soldiers, under the age of 18. Though the majority of child soldiers were demobilized after the official end of the war, numerous children are still recruited by military groups. Global human rights NGOs have perpetuated a wrong belief that all child soldiers are kidnapped or forcibly recruited, when in fact (xxx% or #) join voluntarily. Most scholarship in the field of conflict studies and peace studies that considers these voluntary recruitments suggest that child soldiers who join voluntarily do so because of socio-economic conditions (cite, cite). These studies have not considered the role of social identity—including factors such as social isolation or cultural norms—in conditioning children’s motives to join armed groups in the first place. This research project studies the narratives of demobilized soldiers to understand whether or not their social identity was a factor in their volunteer recruitment as child soldiers into armed militias. The majority of these children come from societies where their self-identity is determined collectively, which makes them more vulnerable. They are trying to achieve honor and respect from their social groups, but they are not getting it because they are not being allowed to participate in a society, which now sees them as perpetrators and killers. Therefore, the hypothesis that is checked can be formulated as follows: Social identities to a significant extent affect the choice of children in DP Congo concerning the participation in the military conflict. Some essential questions have been addressed when completing this study. The questions can be divided into three major groups: construction of social identity, decision-making process, the role of the community. Construction of social identity What characteristics are attributes of the successful person as seen by the people or rather children of the DC Congo? What channels (TV, community, role models, relatives’ experiences, peers, and so on) mainly affect children’s understanding of social success? How important is it for a child to adhere to this or that group? Decision-making process How much time does the decision-making process last? Who participates in the process? What are the major reasons for joining the military groups as seen by the child soldiers? The Role of the Community Is there any peer pressure? Is the problem discussed in the community or is it taken for granted? This study is based on the descriptive research design that enables the researcher to identify child soldiers’ and other stakeholders’ views on social factors affecting the choice to join a military group. Importantly, children, their families, neighbors, and acquaintances participate (directly or indirectly) in the process of decision-making. This research method is the most suitable for addressing the questions mentioned above. Social identities of demobilized child soldiers, as well as their role in the decision-making process, wi
Abstract The police accused Chimel (the plaintiff) of taking part in a robbery. They arrested him in his house, but had no evidence to prosecute him for the crime. Therefore, they requested permission to search his residence. The owner refused. However, they claimed they could use the “incident to arrest” clause to do so. Facts Chimel was a burglary suspect. Armed with an arrest warrant, the police went to his house to arrest him. Although they wanted to search it, they waited for Chimel to come home, arrested him, and requested to “look around.” The petitioner refused. However, the police said the arrest warrant allowed them to search the house without his consent. Chimel detested this fact, but the officers ignored him and proceeded to search the house anyway. They found the stolen medals and coins. The officers presented the stolen items as evidences in court, but the defendant argued that they did so erroneously because they illegally got the items. Issue Should the police use an arrest warrant to justify an unwarranted search? Decision Lower Courts: The lower court found Chimel guilty of burglary after relying on the contentious evidence presented by the police. All appellate courts in California refused to change this judgment. However, the plaintiff received a relief from the US Supreme Court, which allowed another hearing. Supreme Court: In a 7-to-2 judgment, Supreme Court judges ruled that the police made an error in searching the plaintiff’s house without his consent. Therefore, the pieces of evidence relied on by the lower courts were inadmissible. Concurrence: Justice Harlan concurred with the Supreme Court’s opinion by saying that law enforcement officials needed to abide by the principles of the Fourth Amendment. He also argued that the Fourth Amendment protected American citizens from state “excesses.” Therefore, law enforcement officers needed to get a search warrant if they wanted to search a person’s house. Dissenting Opinions: Justice White and Justice Black opposed the Supreme Court’s ruling by saying that the police would have obtained the search warrant after arresting the suspect anyway. To clarify their point, they said if the police had arrested the suspect at his workplace, they would have obtained a warrant to search his house afterwards. Furthermore, they believe
During the period of 1405-1433, the Chinese government then referred to as the Ming government under emperor Ming Chengzu had an intention of establishing itself as a strong yet friendly government. It intended to strengthen its relationship with the neighboring countries especially those located along the Indian Ocean. In order to achieve these objectives, it had to resort to trade with different countries, establish a Chinese presence in these countries, and astound foreign people around the Indian Ocean. In fulfilling these objectives, Zheng He, born in 1371 was chosen to lead the expedition into various countries and kingdoms (Hadingham, www.pbs.org). Zheng He, under the orders of the emperor, conducted seven expeditions to the West seas thereby visited countries such as India, Indonesia, East Africa, Arabia, and Thailand. Zheng He acted as an envoy of China and conducted his activities in a diplomatic manner and in situations where he was attacked especially by pirates; he dealt with them in a magnificent Chinese military-style thereby showcasing Chinese superiority both in diplomacy and battle. His first expedition was in the period 1405-1407; with him were more than 300 ships that carried soldiers to assist during an attack, medicine men, interpreters, and meteorologists. In addition, the ship carried precious commodities such as silk, gold, copper, utensils, and mercury to be given out as gifts to the kings and emperors of the various countries that he would have visited. In this expedition, he covered the following regions; Champa currently known as Vietnam; Java currently known as Indonesia; the city of Palembang in South Sumatra; Malacca in the State of Malaysia; Sumatra; Cochin of India; Kollam; Lambri, and Aru. The second expedition was during 1407-1409 that he made it to the same country as the first expedition. The third expedition was in 1409-1411 where he visited Kaya and Coimbatore in addition to his first and second expedition countries he had visited. The most expeditious and ambitious journey of Zheng was his fourth trip (1413-1415) where he traveled to the Persian Gulf. In this expedition, he met numerous merchants dealing with invaluable stones and metals where he was able to collect various precious commodities for the emperor. His trip went as far as Bangladesh, and Malindi, a town in East Africa where he together with his crew saw various wild animals and consequently came back home with a Giraffe from Malindi as a gift which acted as a symbol of lasting peace and prosperity according to the Court officials. His fifth expedition (1416-1419) covered Mogadishu, a city in East Africa, Pahang, Brawa, Aden, Maldives, Sharwayn, and Hormuz in addition to all other towns he had already covered before. The sixth expedition was around (1421-1422) and the seventh expedition occurred in 1430-1433. In total, Zheng has covered approximately thirty countries during his expeditions. Through these expeditions, China established a good relationship wi
Abstract An opportunity to explore leadership approaches to managing organisations at different levels is a valuable practice in terms of studying unique concepts that contribute to companies’ financial growth and determine their managers’ valuable qualities. In order to analyse the theory of successful leadership in practice, it is possible to evaluate the performance of Sergey Brin, one of the founders of the world-famous Google company that owns huge financial assets. As assessment tools, Brin’s leadership traits and skills will be considered, and appropriate justification will be found regarding the relevance of his approaches. It is assumed that effective asset management and competent innovations are significant factors stimulating the growth of the corporation. Google’s performance depends much on current leadership practices, and its founder’s work is the subject of this research. Introduction The role of competent leadership is considered to be the crucial aspect of work which much depends on the personality of the manager and approaches he or she uses. As an example of such a personality, Sergey Brin will be discussed, one of the founders and developers of the Google search engine. Creativity and hard work have allowed this man to establish one of the largest and most powerful modern corporations owning multi-million dollar resources and controlling a significant segment of the information technology market. The aim of this report is to identify specific traits and skills that significantly contribute to the success of Brin, as well as provide recommendations for him as a leader. The Choice of the Leader One of the main reasons why Sergey Brin was chosen for the analysis is the significant results of the work he has done. According to Rajaraman (2018), Google has developed into a modern and global corporation with huge financial opportunities from a small start-up project where only a few people were involved. Brin managed to create a high-tech search engine and find an investor who helped the company achieve the introduction to the international market (Mueller, 2015). At the end of the twentieth century, this search engine became known to the whole world, and its peculiarities were not limited to the capabilitie
Introduction Imam Tirmidhi is one of the main Islamic evangelists whose contributions remain unmatched. Born during the reign of Abbassid Khalifa in 209 A.H., the imam countered the influence of the prevalent philosophical teachings in the Islamic world. Indeed, Lewis asserts that Tirmidhi was among the Muslims who were angered by the prevalent misinterpretations of Hadith by various rulers (165). The influence of philosophy had led to the weakening of the Hadith. The rulers interpreted the teachings of the Prophet (S.A.W.) in ways that favored their laws. Many Islamic scholars came forward to defend the holy Koran and the sanctity of Hadith. Imam Tirmidhi was among the six towering scholars who defended the religion vehemently. This paper seeks to explain the characteristics, science and contributions of Tirmidhi who compiled the Hadith. His mission lasted for half a decade. Tirmidhi and His Characteristics Imam Tirmidhi grew up in a context of religion and acquired impressive qualities. Coupled with love for the Islamic religion, he showed dedication towards defending the holy Hadith (Ernst 172). At the onset, Tirmidhi acquired substantial knowledge from his parents although he later travelled far to search for the great science that was a combination of reason and revelation at the time. Ernst explains that he studied the Hadith using the help of his colleagues who included Bukhari and Dawud (78). However, later narrations reveal that the two scholars were also students of Imam Tirmidhi. His great qualities and scholarly abilities enabled him to compile the Hadith in ways that even the non-scholars could comprehend it (Lewis 198). He later presented the compilations to the scholars at Hijaz in Iraq. His ability to interpret the Hadith in a precise and concise way elicited praise from the scholars. Indeed, they articulated that all people who had his compilations in their homes were lucky. The rationale is that the compilations reflected the exact words of the Prophet Mohamed (S.A.W.). The Imam possessed unsullied memory. In fact, contemporary Islamic scholars highlight that he never failed to remember anything he heard or saw during his evangelism. For instance, Tirmidhi was able to recite two chapters of the Hadith when he encountered Muhaddith on his way to Hajj. Amazed by his ability to remember the Hadith, Muhaddith challenged Tirmidhi to recite other parts of the teachings. He did it flawlessly. His remarkable memory assisted him to remember the entire Hadith. Another instance that depicted the Imam as a person with a brilliant memory was during his later years of his life. Since he had lost sight, his students accompanied him to Meccah. He told them there was a tree that was a obstruction to travelers along the way. This was due to its low hanging branches (Lewis 208). When they reached the point, he asked them to look out for the tree but they did not find it. Disappointed by his fai
Introduction Palliative care is a sphere of healthcare that is concerned with terminally ill patients (Kelley & Morrison, 2015). Medical workers play a significant role in the lives of such patients, as they provide the necessary support to people facing death. This paper will explain nurses’ functions in palliative care and describe search strategies for information seeking. The Issue According to Sekse, Hunskår, and Ellingsen (2018), the number of nurses in healthcare makes them one of the largest groups of medical specialists in the field. However, their roles in the lives of patients are not defined, which may affect their ability to care for patients. Sekse et al. (2018) note that nurses have to make important decisions regarding the well-being of patients and their families. Moreover, as palliative care deals with the terminally-ill, nurses working in this sphere have to possess unique qualities to adequately accommodate the needs of their clients (Low et al., 2016). The issue of establishing nurses’ roles in palliative care is also connected to the level of awareness that nurses may possess regarding their patients’ state (Siouta et al., 2016). Nurses need to be able to recognize when their patient is dying and in need of special care (Taylor, Dowding, & Johnson, 2017). The Search Strategy The search for appropriate journal articles about palliative care has to follow a particular strategy to find the best available research. First of all, it is necessary to establish keywords that directly pertain to the topic of interest. In this case, the central research question is concerned with palliative care. Therefore, the words ‘palliative’ and ‘care’ should be included in the search. As can be noticed in Figure 1, the first two keywords are ‘palliative’ and ‘care’ because their presence in the article is necessary. As these words have to appear together to eliminate papers discussing other spheres of healthcare, these terms are connected by a Boolean operator ‘AND.’ Other option also has these words together to ensure that they are next to each other in the title or contents of the article. Furthermore, this phrase can narrow the scope of the search. Other keywords are synonymous with palliative care. For example, the key phrase “recognition of dying” can be used to find articles that are concerned with the topic. Thus, such key terms are used to broaden the search. The Boolean operator ‘OR’ is also used to provide one with more results, as some articles may not have palliative care in the title or substitute it with other terms. The truncation symbols, shown in Figure 2, also improve the searc