ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Many young people are yet to realize what the importance of getting educated is. The benefits of education are profound. Lack of education has led to joblessness and increase of crime in our societies. However, education has improved our lives and societies. These benefits improve our societies and individual lives. This article explains the benefits of education to individual and to the society. Societies are today grappling with the fact that, without educational, they cannot function and have development. The benefits of education are observed through social-economic development. On individual level, education benefits those who acquire good education. Nowadays, those who acquire good education get good jobs and enjoy trendy lifestyle. This context lays bare the issue of good education and quality education. Learning platforms provide varying skills especially in life skills and citizenship. This explains the benefits of getting educated in good institutions. It also explains why, good institutions produce successful graduates. These graduates take up lucrative posts in governments and in the private sector. The benefits of education can be viewed from the social-economic perspective. A society with educated individuals experience rapid social economic growth. The learned in such a society inspire and create opportunities for the young people in this society. Apart from making a society functional, education benefits the society through fostering development. This is through creation of economic structures like factories, establishment of companies, and improvement of infrastructure. In fact, an educated society is free of crime and dissidents making it a secure society. The benefit of education on individuals has been a subject of empirical research. Experts verify that, success is unlimited to those who acquire good education. Good education guarantees well paying jobs and a luxurious life. If you acquire education, the benefits of education are unlimited. You develop skills, improve skills and can change careers and even start up your own business. Education is a platform for success. It is a good insulation against job loss and impending financial storms. Educated people are always finding better jobs. This clearly explains why having an education is essential.
Introduction Decisions made by organizations have an effect on the environment the organization operates in; according to action-based theories of morality, an action is considered ethical or unethical after considering its outcomes. Deontological, teleological, and virtue ethics are three classifications of normative ethical theories where actions are judged morally right or wrong based on their consequences; generally, normative ethical systems assume that morally right actions should conform to some ethical standings. When organizations are following deontological and teleological theories of morality, their focus is on what they should do and the outcomes of the decisions made. Tesco is an international retail outlet with large discount stores and warehouses in different towns in the United Kingdom; the nature of the company’s business calls for adherence to high moral actions (Crane, Matten, and Spence, 2008). This paper discusses the deontological and teleological theories with reference to philosophical antecedents using Tesco as a case study company. Deontology and Ethics When Tesco is making decisions on the kind of products to stock and the companies to procure products and services from, it considers the moral position of stocking such commodities. In the event that the commodities will harm customers, the company finds it morally right not to have the goods in-store. In the current globalizing world, there are high chances of getting substandard goods sold at relatively lower prices; such substandard goods are likely to have a high-profit margin to the company. However, it is the policy of the company to consider the effect that the product will have on the people or customers rather than considering the financial gain that the company will derive from such a transaction (Jones, Parker and Bos, 2005). In 1997, when Terry Leahy took the overall leadership of the chain of stores he made the slogan “The Tesco Way,” to be used when marketing the company’s goods, the slogan was aimed at creating the framework of operation where the company aims at following its independent moral rules or duties. Some of the independent moral rules that the company has enacted include ensuring that the prices set for the commodities are competitive and portrays value for money. When it comes to the greengrocery, the company is sensitive to offer fresh produce, and those are produced in a way that cannot harm their customers. For example, when shopping for grocery, the company has banners that indicate whether the products that are displayed are either nationally produce or is genetically produced foods. Such moves assist the buyer make a rational decision on whether to buy a certain product (Moon, 2001). Tesco has moral duties and responsibilities towards its customer’s people and the environments it operates in; it is the policy of the company to assist when disasters occur and have a robust and active corporate social responsibility team. In 2006, the company had
Introduction I have chosen the article by Kim, MyungHee. “Bilingual Education for Minority Language Students in the US: Lessons from the Case of Elementary School in California.” Advanced Science and Technology Letters 101 (2015): 106-109, which was found using the following keywords ‘education’ and ‘learning’ in Google Scholar. According to Kim, the aim of the research is to underline the significance of the bilingual approach and determine the trends in this field in American society (p. 106). The research questions are ‘What are the potential trends in the bilingual learning environment?’ and ‘How the classes can be improved?’. The methodology used is a case study and literature review. However, it has irrelevant methodology and analysis as it lacks a sufficient qualitative approach. In this case, relevant and suitable techniques and analysis will be proposed in the discussion section and as a suggestion for future research. The paper is meant for educationists and teachers who are interested in this field. Problem Statement Kim states that the primary problem is to focus on is the fact that the effects of bilingual education have not been studied precisely (2015, p. 106). Consequently, the paper focuses on the analysis of recent educational trends in this area (Kim, 2015, p. 106). Several researchers also identified and described the significance of this issue in their studies. This problem is vital for American society, as an increased immigration rate questions what is the best way to educate newcomers (Garcia and Lesley, 2007, p. 1). It is evident that bilingualism, which can be defined as using major and minor languages simultaneously for educational purposes, is one of them. In this case, the dominant language is English, and the minor one is the one, which is spoken by a cultural minority in the USA. The necessity of the bilingualism improvement remains high due to the high immigration rates and positive influence on the development of the students. As for the theoretical framework, the research suggests that bilingualism is beneficial for students, as it positively affects their cognitive skills (Kim, 2015, p. 106). Bialystok, Peets, and Moreno claim the positive development due to bilingualism are true as children have the ability to participat
Introduction/Thesis There can be only a few doubts that the Confucian concept of Xiao (filial piety) did play an essential role within the context of defining the main postulates of Zen Buddhism. Nevertheless, there appears to have been a phenomenological quality to the development in question, because during the initial phase of Buddhism’s expansion into China this concept used to be commonly regarded contradictory to the religion’s glorification of one’s willingness to indulge in social withdrawal, as well as to the Zen Buddhist outlook on the theological significance and practical implications of monasticism. In this paper, I will expound on how it was possible to the virtue of filial piety to end up being considered an essential part of the Zen Buddhist discursive paradigm. I will also outline the scope of the most powerful effects that the mentioned concept has had on the development of Zen Buddhism as we know it. Analytical part It is now assumed that Buddhism began expanding into China through the 3 rd century BC. By this time, Confucianism has already been enjoying the status of an established religion throughout the country. Just as it has commonly been the case with humanity’s other ‘early’ religions (the ones that derived out of people’s animistic/primeval beliefs), Confucianism had a strongly defined utilitarian value to the sounding of most of its provisions, concerned with encouraging people to adopt a socially integrated mode of existence – the central precondition of socio-cultural progress. In this respect, the Xiao principle stands out particularly illustrative. The reason for this is apparent – according to Confucius, one’s life can only be considered virtuous for as long as the person never ceases to apply a continual effort into maintaining strong ties with his close relatives. As the Master pointed out, “The noble person concerns himself with the root; when the root is established, the Way is born… A young man is to be filial within his family and respectful outside it. He is to be earnest and faithful, overflowing in his love for living beings and intimate with those who are humane”. 1 It is understood, of course, that to be able to live up to the mentioned Confucian ‘commandment,’ an individual must be willing to lead a relatively secular (worldly) lifestyle while keeping in close touch with his/her close relatives and prioritizing his/her social duties above everything else. Therefore, there is nothing too odd about the fac
According to the Companies Act 2006, minority shareholders have now been given more legal rights to undertake derivative actions on companies as a result of actions by the management that can be regarded not to be in the best interest of the company. However, to advance a derivative suit, a shareholder is required to certify two things. One, provide evidence that such actions were undertaken without the best interest of the company, and two; provide evidence that the management had done nothing to resolve the issue (Dignam and Lowry 221). Regarding the first condition, Charles has a chance of proving that the company director Mr. Alan had not acted in good faith by choosing to transact business with a company he owned. Indeed Charles can advance the same argument towards the Easyways Company board members for approving a decision that was clearly in a conflict of interest and which therefore could not be said to have been in the best interest of the company. A court of law also requires another key step to have been covered by the plaintiff when determining the grounds for derivative actions brought by a shareholder. This is petitioning the company management to take corrective actions, and which for some reason did not rectify the problem. From the outline of the case, it is clear that Charles also met this condition when he initially lodged his complaints with the Easyways board members. The b
Introduction The choice of an institution of higher learning such as a university is significant in the lives of a student because it shapes the future of the student. It is therefore important that the choice is made carefully and after considering all factors. This study established the factors that are considered by most students in the choice of the university. Using a sample of 30 students, the researcher collected data on the factors that were considered in the choice of university using a questionnaire that contained likert scale questions as well as open ended questions. The study established that while most students considered financial costs, some considered availability of financial aid and loans for higher education. In addition, parental guide, help from friends, reputation of the institution and the quality of education in terms of availability of favorite majors were some of the factors considered. Study Objective Although universities offer significant value to the life of students, it is important to determine the best university for the student in order to maximize future success. For this reason, this study aims at establishing the factors that students consider while choosing the University for higher learning. Literature Review Educational institutions are important in the lives of children and especially young adults that seek to be successful in their lives. It is for this reason that the institutions that a person chooses for his/her children are significant. Many people and students consider many factors in the choice of college or university to join. According to Collis and Hussey (2009, p. 94), there are many factors that students consider before choosing a college or university of choice. To begin with, most students consider the size of the institution they want to study. Although small universities or college is considered to be academic oriented, they are usually established in residential places and may have few courses to offer. Similarly, such universities may have few options of extracurricular activities than larger academic institutions. In a survey conducted by Sevier (1992, p. 34) to establish the factors that affect the choice of college among students, questionnaires were developed and sent out to a sample of 3325 juniors form various colleges. The questionnaires asked the students to rate the factors on their significance in determining the choice of college chosen. The findings of the study indicated that most students consider the reputation of the college, the cost of attending the particular university, and the availability of aid in form of scholarship among other in choosing the university. In another study that was conducted by Wenglinsky (1996) to establish reasons for attending a given college, it was established that African American students chose colleges and universities based on availability of substantial financial funding of their majors. In ad
Racism has been a prevalent issue in many work places and organizations. Racial discrimination is an imbalanced treatment of people or groups on the basis of their background or race (Pager & Shepherd, 2008). On the other hand, racial discrimination in an organization entails a differential treatment to workers based on their race. It has become clear to organizational decision makers that discrimination in the work place is a serious and expensive problem that needs to be addressed. The financial costs connected to discrimination settlements have been found to be extremely high as compared to other contingent costs (Pager & Shepherd, 2008). Even though there has been some improvement in the promotion of the status of the racial minorities, major disparities still remain. According to research, white people are twice likely to be employed than black people. Additionally, the salary of the blacks has in most cases been found to be lower than that of whites. An experimental audit study focused on equality in employment strongly brought out the existence of racial discrimination, with the estimation of the number of whites getting employed ranging from 50% to 240%. Evidence presented indicated that black men use significantly more of their time looking for work, acquire less steady jobs as well as less working skills as compared to the whites (Pager & Shepherd, 2008). A research on wage differences based on different attributes indicated that, among the applicants who were given various job positions, the salaries given to the white applicants were more than that of the equally qualified black applicants by fifteen cents each hour (Pager & Shepherd, 2008). According to Gelfand et al. (2007), organizations should eliminate the glass ceiling concept; the unseen barriers that prevent racial minorities from progressing to the senior leadership positions in organizations. Substantial evidence shows that racial minorities are always underrepresented in the upper administration. A good example of this is Southern California Edison, where a group of black workers accused the company of denying them promotions, not paying them fairly and having biased job assignments. Without the full commitment of the upper level leaders in an organization, different schemes are likely to fall apart, and the practice of discrimination is likely to continue. In addition, it is important to examine the performance of the mid-level management and supervisors, and to find out if they may be perpetuating racial discrimination (Mor, 2010). Organizations need to always provide equal chances of employment to people of all races, as well as enforce stringent punitive measures on employees who discriminate on the basis of culture or race. Organizations should ensure that they wo
Introduction Norovirus is a genus of the Calciviridae family and it infects human beings, bovine, swine, feline, murine, and canine species (Hansma et al. 2010). Norovirus causes gastroenteritis and other related diseases in human beings (Jensen 2008). The main symptoms of norovirus include diarrhea, vomiting, low-grade fever, abdominal cramping, and nausea, as table 1shows (Giesecke 2002). Symptoms of norovirus Clinical symptoms are manifest between 12 and 72 hours, while the incubation period is between 24 and 48 hours (Giesecke 2002). In America, noroviruses cause about 23 Million infections every year and 90% of all viral gastroenteritis (Ayliffe et al. 2000). Symptom             Frequency % Diarrhea            66          Vomiting            69          low-grade fever     37          Abdominal cramping  30          Nausea              79           Table 1 Symptoms of Norovirus and their Frequencies Replication of norovirus is not well understood (LoBue 2008). The common belief is that genomic RNA functions as a funnel of making negative strands, which in sequence works as a funnel of transcription for a complete positive RNA strand for packaging as well as subgenomic RNA for protein manufacture (LoBue 2008). Modes of transmission Transmission of norovirus pathogen happens fecal-orally through food and water, directly from person to person, or through environmental contamination (Lundy & Janes 2009). Person to person as well as fomite transmission is prevalent in crowded areas such as evacuated shelters, cruise ships, nursing homes, and hospitals (Jensen 2008; Lundy & Janes 2009). Research shows that after Hurricane Katrina, many evacuated persons who sought shelter at the Reliant Park complex in Houston, Texas acquired norovirus infection. “Approximately 1150, or 5% of the 24, 000 displaced persons obtained refuge at the Reliant Park complex in Houston, Texas, ailed from gastrointestinal illness between September 2, 2005, and September 12, 2005” (Jensen 2008, p.7). Twenty-two stool specimens from the laboratory confirmed the virus. Another study by Lundy and Janes (2009) reveals that on November 20, 2002, cruise ship X reported an increased figure of persons with gastrointestinal symptoms. During a one-week journey from Florida to the Caribbean, 84 (4%) of the 2,318 passengers in cruise ship X had gastrointestinal symptoms. The trend continued in the subsequent cruis
Compulsory retirement age, is the age at which employees in particular positions, by law are no longer eligible to continue working. Since this practice is unlawful, many countries have instituted laws to discourage it. However, the truth is that despite these measures, aged workers continue to experience discrimination; for example, they are least preferred for job opportunities and are the most likely victims for retrenchment. Most people who retire between the ages of 65- 80 are still energetic and able to carry out their duties effectively if granted an opportunity to continue with their jobs (Wallace, 2004, pp.15). Their retirement is a loss of productivity not only to the country but also to the retirees themselves. The retirees lose a source of income and those who would not have developed an alternative source of income prior to retirement may face a financial crisis. The loss of income leads to the retirees cutting down their expenditure considerably in order for them to be able to manage financially. For instance, they may cut down leisure and entertainment expenses. A classical example is when a regular tourist overseas no longer tours his/ her favorite destination after retirement (Lynch, 2012, pp.12) Retirement also comes along with health repercussions. An increase in stress leads to hormonal derangements which may be fatal. There is also an increase in musculo- skeletal and cardio vascular diseases among retirees due to reduced exercise after retirement. Workers between the age brackets 65- 80 are still productive and this is the age at which they have gained enough experience in the field to offer the best services. Their continued employment will also ensure a continued supply of labor force to continue with nation building. Objectives for the study include: To find out whether the removal of the compulsory retirement age will lead to increased productivity and economic growth, to find out whether it is cheaper to recruit fresh labor force after retirement of previous labor force as opposed to maintaining the retired labor force. In focus of the first objective, some employers argue that elderly employees, especially 65 years and above tend to be less productive and less efficient and yet so highly remunerated. The elderly workers are less hardworking and equally less enthusiastic as a result of senescence. On the other hand other employers say that elderly employees are well experienced in the particular field and for this reason, they will be more productive in the same field. This study will shade more light on this issue and hence assist employees make inf