ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Why Services for Special Needs children with Autism should not be cut Children health should be one of the nation’s priorities in its healthcare provision policies. Autism in children has been of recent concern in the United States. The effects of autism in children are long-term and its effect influences children’s growth and development (Benson & Haith, 2009). It is the objective of the state to ensure that its future human resource is full of well-matured adults, who are healthy and can contribute to the wellbeing of the society under minimal expenses. However, such objectives of the health policy may be underachieved if the necessary facilities and funds are not allocated with confidence. Perhaps the reason the American children might be suffering in future is the recent cut in state budget in healthcare budget allocation. The reason the state budge allocation in healthcare was to be sliced can be owed to the economic meltdown that was experienced in the year 2008. However, children with autism require extensive and extra care (Mesmere, 2008). Precisely they are patients with special needs and with or without the economic recession, the quality of their health depends on special treatment. By cutting down of budget allocation of healthcare in this case is illogical. This means that the quality of healthcare provided to autistic children is lowered. What about children who come from poor backgrounds? The same children will suffer more, considering their parents depend on jobs that they risk losing because of the economic recession. The plea of the majority of Americans for the reverse of healthcare budget allocation is well because it is wrong to interfere with services offered to children with autism. However, there are alternatives that may help in solving the current problem. One of these alternatives is the childcare assistance program. Considering the nature of autism, child care program can play a significant role in ensuring children benefit in the long-term with good health and the same time, the healthcare program do not suffer from lack of funds. Childcare program in United States is an industry on its own estimated to be worth $500 billion (Schulz, 2006). A number of childcare clinics can be made available to communities that are worse hit by the recession. In this case, parents of children with autism can work in the clinics and in return gain the support of their children care. Not only will the parents benefit from the above dimension, but the child care industry is less likely to get bankrupt and lose its reputation. The childcare assistance initiative will achieve its core objective of ensuring children are taken care of, and special needs for the children are catered for. With childcare initiative in place, the quality of healthcare offered to children with autism is less likely to be compromised (Smith, 2005). In conclusion, the America healthcare policy should put more emphasis on the healthcare provided to children with autism, by first acknowledging that the future of the country depends on a healthy society and people who act with clear conscious. America healthcare policy makers should understand that the c
Introduction After-school programs are prearranged course of study which request the participation or presence of the students to be involved in an occurring, encountered, experienced and observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure outside the classroom programs. However, such programs are implemented by tertiary institutions while some are outwardly financed by non-profit or an organization relating to commercialism. Consequently, the after-school programs take place in either the school premises or within the community, for example the community hall, recreational park, playing ground etc. Nevertheless, the activities are the fundamental assumptions from which the program is begun, developed, calculated or explained in a parental approach which is patent by the effort of the parents to cultivate the youth’s talents through pre-arranged free time activities, thereby affording the youths with knowledge of the ability to lead and the act of transacting within or between adults (Mahoney, Larson, and Eccles 45). However, to so extreme degree the children are thought by advocates to be more productive and fortunate later in life. On the other hand others believe excessive activities to give evidence of over parenting. This research paper substantiates and proposes that the board of education with the town of Cheshire CT should offer more after-school programs free of charge to kids from 1st grade – 8th grades due to the benefit which the program has on the children positively and how it helps out the parents. The research carried out in Connecticut showed that, of the 622,445 school-age children in the state, 172,417 children are responsible for taking care of themselves, while the other 112,663 children in the state participate in the after-school program and the last batch of 168,228 children would like to participate in the program if only there was a free program of such (Afterschool alliance, “A
There are a number of physiological differences between the female young/middle-aged population and the male young/middle-aged population. Although the males have bigger muscles than the females, the latter have better blood flow during exercise, and use one hundred percent of the fibers in their muscles as compared to the former who use only eighty percent. In terms of energy metabolism, females generally utilize more percentage of fat as compared to males during exercise. This difference is because the estrogen hormone improves the mobilization of fat from fat reserves such that it is easily available for use during exercise. Since males in general have a bigger and stronger heart, lungs, and more blood volume than females, they have a stronger cardiovascular and respiratory systems with increased capability of pumping blood faster and effectively. The males have a higher oxygen transport capacity and superior energy consumption capacity for fueling the skeletal muscles during exercise; thus, these attributes create in males an increased ability of consuming and processing oxygen, referred to as VO 2 max (Wilmore, Costill, & Kenney, 2008, p.155). The VO 2 max is important in determining the level of endurance of someone during sustained physical activity. As a result, since males have a capacity that is about ten percent greater than the females, they do not get tired faster as their counterparts. It is important to note that female young/middle-aged population and the male young/middle-aged population have identical muscle tissues. And, they tend to adapt in the same way to resistance physical training. Even though the women generally have fewer muscles, their muscles respond to progressive resistance training similarly. The majority of both males and females adapt to sustained physical activity by building tougher and slightly bigger muscles in the same way. When one is engaged in either aerobic or anaerobic training, several physiological adaptations are usually witnessed. However, males and females vary in their response to aerobic and anaerobic physical activity. Because of the differences in VO 2 max, men generally adapt faster to training under such conditions and they exhibit the physiological changes must faster than their counterparts (Wilmore, Costill, & Kenney, 2008, p.429). When exercising in the heat and cold, males and females regulate their body temperatures differently. In general, because females are better in conserving heat than males, in extreme environmental conditions they dissipate heat much slower. Females posses a much more evenly distributed fat layer t
Have we ever thought of the major sources that bring about a change in our lives? There are many things that surround us and then imbed into our subconscious, and the television is one such major source, that becomes an addiction with passing time. We cannot blame the television for being a negative influence on us, because of its positive aspects; similarly, television commercials are necessary for marketing, but on the other hand, they may be harmful because of the elements portrayed in them. Not all advertisements are harmful, or show images that may be detrimental to viewers. Because people find the tube the easiest way to entertain themselves after a long day’s work, children often automatically get used to the same, and in their free time, sit in front of the television with full enthusiasm. Since advertisements take up about fifty percent of the time of any serial or program that is being aired, they pl
Innovation is the establishment of new or improved equipment and processes that are often driven by information technology, among other key factors. Product innovation comes with many benefits to both the supplier and the consumer. Companies can only prove their responsiveness to customers’ demands through improved product quality and design. The mobile phone evolution is a good example of the role played by innovation in today’s business world. This paper compares and contrasts the innovative abilities, successes and failures of Nokia, Motorola and Apple. Nokia Nokia is a multinational communications company based in Keilaniemi, Espoo. The company produces mobile devices for all major market protocols and segments. Nokia continues to attract users of its exclusive multimedia devices from every part of the world. The quick technological progress and transformation which has imbibed the mobile phone industry has greatly contributed in making Nokia what it is today. Through high end innovative abilities over the years, Nokia mobile has succeeded in creating a niche amongst the users. This has seen the corporation come to rule the robust communication industry with their huge-spectrum of quality mobile phone products. Innovation in the mobile phone industry has been stipulated by the increasing demand of these devices in the contemporary world. The graph below indicates the growth of mobile phone usage in the world since 1987 – 2006. Nokia has always proved its ability in innovation by designing their mobile devices in a more desirable, functional and sustainable manner that satisfies the needs of the customers. The company has made great advancement in the modification of its mobile devices from the NMT-900 series of the 1980s, to the sophisticated modern day series. According to Nokia, Inc., the company is known for its agility to change with the times, to match the competitive trend of the market, where changes in customers’ preferences is the key determinant (T
Nigeria is a developing country that has a number of problems where health care is not the last one. Here is an agenda for enhancing public health care in Nigeria from the most important issues which should be considered immediately to the last important, but which should also be considered in the nearest time.  1. HIV/AIDS. This is one of the main problems in Nigeria as the testing programs are not spread and many people even do not know that they have problems. Only 11.7 % of the population received the results of their tests. Sex education is not developed (20% of schools provide this information). The problem of condoms exists, 5.9 condoms per man per year was delivered to the country from 2001 up to 2005 (World population data sheet, 2009; HIV and AIDS in Nigeria, 2009).  2. Immunization from measles, polio, diphtheria, or tetanus (at least). Only about 20% of children are vaccinated. The absence of appropriate vaccines and the staff for providing vaccinations is a problem (Paulson, 2001).  3. Poor health care delivery (nefarious activities of quacks and fake drugs). About 20% of the drugs in Nigeria are adulterated. This leads to inappropriate health care delivery and the inability to provide necessary treatment. Moreover, “many health technicians, radiographers, nurses, laboratory scientists, and doctors are operating ‘hospitals’ where unwholesome healthcare are given to unsuspected patients” (Akinwumi, 2010, par. 6).  4. Water supply. The inability to get water good for drinking creates additional waterborne diseases, like river blindness (onchocerciasis), snail fever (schistosomiasis), elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis), etc. The absence of appropriate water supply systems makes people drink water from rivers. Problems connected with failure to follow hygiene norms also influence health (Paulson, 2001).  5. Appropriate education. Absence of the obligatory education in Nigeria leads to human ignorance in many questions including health care. According to the Population Reference Bureau (2009), only 32% of youth are enrolled in secondary education.  6. Maternal and child health. Bad services and health care connected with maternal and child health are supported by the fact that half of the Nigerian girls are married up to 15 and four of five are married up to 18. Ignorance and inability to deal with children because of young age make the problem urgent (HIV and AIDS in Nigeria, 2009; World population data sheet, 2009).  7. Statistics and surveillance system. Many problems are invisible as the country does not have a surveillance system that may record the problems, the number of people involved, and the actions which have been provided to conquer those problems (Paulson, 2001).  8. Funding and financing. Being a developing country, Nigeria’s government cannot finance health care appropriately. Present international funding and financial support from charity organizations are not enough (Akinwumi, 2010).  9. Non-government organizations. Some non-government organizations try to deal with some problems, but the nu
Harman argues for the three basic principles of morality, stating the contradictory nature of two of them:  1. Certain specific principles might be innate,  2. A less simple “principles and parameters” model might apply.  3. Innate biases might have have some influence over what morality a person acquires without determining the content of that morality. It is often offered in a rather vague way that there is something about principles which necessitate the being of a God. Arranged as an argument, the proposal comes in numerous forms. An ordinary version of the dispute from morality clutches that moral laws are controls from a law giver which dominate all human laws or teachings, and such controls can only originate in somewhat like God. But it has to be revealed that moral laws are inspirational authorities rather than individual discussions. Furthermore they have to be the controls of such a being as we suppose God is. Another case is to say that God gives an essential power to moral laws. But such power does not have to originate from a theistic God, nor from any actual god. The influence could be just the approval of the mainstream of humanity that convinced rules must be experiential (for whatever reason). The notion of the utilitarianism is that the first and most significant principle that is believed can be resulting from this ethical system is the key consequence of fairness and morality. Justice – defined as giving people what they deserve and not offering them what they do not deserve – is and must be a substratum attitude of universal utilitarianism. It is easy to note why: a society where impartiality is not guaranteed greatly enlarges both the actual and probable anguish of all its citizens, actual as of people who reasonably do not obtain the repayment their efforts merit, probable because all nations will have motivation to fear that the same will occur with them. According to one of the most prominent Utilitarianist Jeremy Bentham, the origin of morality lays in the balance between pleasure and pain. It is stated in his work “T he Principles of Morals and Legislation” : Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, on the other the chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think… Talking about possible agreement or disagreement between Harman and Utilitarianist, it is necessary to mention, that the agreement is incredible, as
Abstract This paper is in a position to discuss tort, which is defined as a civil wrong that is independent of a contract that is either contrary to law or an omission of a specific legal duty, or a violation of an absolute right. This will be done on the basis of the following case. Amy, a newly qualified oil-tanker driver with Express Way, arrived late for work on her second day. The roads are icy, but Amy is anxious to make all her deliveries on time and drives above the speed limit (something her contract of employment expressly forbids her to do). As she approaches a set of traffic lights that are turning red, she is traveling so fast that she is unable to stop the tanker. Amy swerves and crashes into a car being driven carefully by Bob. Bob, who is not wearing a seatbelt, is thrown through the windscreen and suffers a serious injury. The tanker crashes into the playground of a local school and bursts into flames. Luckily, the school was closed, and no children were injured; Amy was able to escape unhurt. Chitra, who was out walking her dog at the time, just escaped injury by jumping out of the way as the tanker mounted the pavement. As a result, Chitra has developed claustrophobia and refuses to leave her house. Dalia, who is four months pregnant and lives opposite the school, was watching the scene from her bedroom window and suffered a miscarriage as she was traumatized by the events. Bob’s wife, Elsie, is informed of the accident and rushes to the hospital. She arrives two hours after the accident and sees Bob briefly in the accident and emergency department before he is taken to the theatre. Elsie is now suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Introduction According to the law of the land, an act that causes harm to a determinate person, whether intentionally or not, then this act is referred to as a tort; basically, it is a civil wrong that does not depend on contracts, and its remedy is normally unliquidated damages which are usually imposed by the court; therefore it comes the existence of a law of tort. Under this law of tort, we see that duties are imposed by law, such as we should not be negligent of others; therefore, this duty is owed to the community as a whole. Therefore, in this type of law, there must be an infringement on the civil right of an individual, through which the wrongdoer has to compensate the injured party in the community, this injured party is therefore supposed to obtain his compensation by taking action through which his legal rights are violated (Neuner and Carl, 1992). In this case of Amy, who is a newly qualified tanker, we find that there existed a number of torts through which there existed an act of negligence which, according to the law, is defined as a breach of a duty caused by the omission to do something which a reasonable man guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. Therefore negligence embraces a number of elements that enables an individual to maintain an action for negligence; thus, the plaintiff must prove that the def
Facts of the Case The employees of Hillsides were warned against watching and obtaining pornographic content using the office computers. The information was communicated by August 22, 2002. The policy also mandated Hillsides staff to log in to their computers using passwords and to always sign out at the close of the day. The computer specialist, Foster, would frequently check the computers and download a list of websites accessed by the employees. When checking the computers, the specialist found that the computer in the laboratory and one belonging to Lopez had been used in violation of the email circulated, as they had been used to access pornographic websites in the night after work hours. The administration did not suspect Lopez because it was used during the hours after she and Hernandez, whom they shared an office with, had left the office. In order to establish who had used the computer to access the pornographic websites, Hitchcock decided to install surveillance cameras in Lopez and Hernandez’s office without informing them to avoid gossip around the office that would alert the culprit. The cameras were switched on at the end of the day after Hernandez and Lopez had left and off by the time they reported to work. The cameras did not reveal anyone accessing the computer at night. The two employers noticed that they were being monitored by cameras when they saw one camera blinking and it appeared to have been on for a while. Hernandez feared that she could have been watched secretly while changing into her gym wear because she would change her clothes in the office. Hitchcock explained that it was switched on after they left the office and nowhere did they appear on the recordings. Procedural history: The trial court found no intricate intrusion on the part of the defendants and filed a summary judgment in favor of the defendants. The court supported the company’s position that it did not violate Lopez and Hernandez’s privacy. The case was dismissed. However, this decision was reversed by the Court of Appeal. Key Issues The company claimed that it did not install the cameras for purposes of spying on Lopez and Hernandez. However, the plaintiff claimed that the company did not respect their right to privacy because the cameras gave the company the advantage of secretly seeing and recording their movements in the office. This action violated the California Constitution, whose Art. 1, § 1 guarantee privacy t
For a number of decades, street crime remains one of the most volatile, persistent and an undoubtedly intractable issue in our societies. Despite this imminence of the issue significance attached to it is negligible. From a superficial perspective, the problem may sound criminological but the reality is that all stakeholders have failed to keep the menace within acceptable limits despite favorable conditions been availed 1 . Every age produces its public enemy though such enemies have a habit of changing. According to Hallsworth, the street robber was the public enemy number one in the United Kingdom in 2002 2 . Does this mean such people never existed in Britain before? The answer is a loud no. The only explanation to this is that they existed but they were never profiled with such vengeance as was the case later. Today nobody is preoccupied with street criminals. Its anxiety has been replaced by white-collar gangs 3 . Does this presuppose that there has been a decline in street crime or are the concerned parties playing the politics of the ostrich? This paper attempts to bring into the perspective the phenomenon of street crime, its causes and probable measures of presentation with Australia as the reference point. Before embarking on a journey to unearth the dynamics of street crime, it is paramount to understand the whole concept of crime. From a Marxian perspective, crime occurrence can be attributed to a set of social and economic conditions 4 . Therefore, the nature and extent of crime depends on the organization of the society. As such, it follows suit that crime, and to be specific street crime, must be analyzed in the context of how it is related to the society as a whole but not in isolation 5 . The root cause of all crimes may be pinned down as economic deprivation 6 As such, it is expected that crime rates should increase with a deterioration of economic conditions-at least from an empirical standpoint. However, this is not a blanket theory since it does not apply always. This is because not all people who are poor or unemploy