ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the recent years, much focus has been directed at the impact of technological change on the workforce. Such technological change or innovations include industrial robots, CAD (Computer Assisted Design), manufacturing systems that are very flexible, CAM (Computer Assisted Manufacturing), and communication systems that are highly advanced to mention but a few. These technologies often sell-out in low cost and yet powerful microelectronics devices capable of increasing productivity both in industrial production as well as office tasks. The appeal of such technologies is widespread and is being used throughout the universe (Caselli, 1999, p. 102). Even so, there are differing views about the implications of technological change in regard to employment. A number of analysts are of the opinion that there is an unprecedented acceleration in the pace of technological change. This rapid change according to some experts has culminated to loss of jobs for thousands of workers both in offices and plants, especially the introduction of innovations that are geared towards laborsaving. There is a consensus among these experts that the recent technological changes represent a sharp contrast from changes that took place in the past, adding that there is an urgent need to design measures for purposes of upholding job security. Other analysts, on the other hand, emphasize that there are numerous benefits that are brought about by technological change to all groups within the general public (Katz & Murphy, 1992, p. 35). To them, changes are not revolutionary but rather they are more evolutionary in nature and as such technological change and technology in general generate more jobs contrary to beliefs that technology reduces job opportunities. It is without a doubt that technology and technological advancement have had the most profound consequence particularly on varying the duties and responsibilities that human beings perform in their professions. There has been a long speculation by economist on how technological changed affects both the relative demand for various types of labor force as well as the total demand for labor force in general. It has become a consensus among economist and commentators in the recent years that the demand for labor has been greatly affected by technological changes. Such technical change has resulted in a decrease in the demand for unskilled and less-skilled labor, and an increase in the demand for skilled labor. Consequently, future prospects of employment opportunities for the less skilled labor force are buried (Levy & Murnane, 2003, p.43). It is worth noting that there is a general consensus among commentators regarding the current technological changes that such changes has opened up better possibilities for the future. As a matter of fact, the change in technology especially at workplaces has increased productivity which in turn has added enormous value to various states. Even though technological changes have brought with it numerous benefits and value to different states, such value has been achieved at a cost. Discussion It is worth noting from the
Perhaps one of my most captivating books is The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman. The three introductory chapters enlighten the reader about the Hmong’s childbirth customs and traditions . It was fascinating to learn of their belief in ghosts and the placental role in childbirth . Anne Fadiman did an excellent job portraying the Hmong’s distinct autonomous culture and deep religion . The author wrote the preceding three chapters to demonstrate the necessity of understanding Hmong culture to comprehend what Lia’s household was going through. Reading the book was enjoyable for me since the author drew similarities between birth in Hmong traditions and birth in the United States. It was fascinating to learn about childbirth as someone who had never heard of the Hmong community. It was particularly moving to witness Foua deliver several of her babies by herself (Fadiman, 1998). This tradition, in particular, shocked me since, in Western culture, it is almost unheard of. Being born and raised in a family with three doctors, they frequently cautioned me about the dangers involved in delivering outside of a hospital. As a result, I was skeptical about natural births in homes facilitated by midwives. Therefore, learning about Foua’s delivery method was not only surprising but also breathtaking. The introductory chapter sparked my interest and increased the desire to understand more regarding Hmong traditions. I did not entirely love reading the middle chapter since I believe the author placed it in an incorrect position in the book. It should have been the opening chapter since it focuses on the Hmong’s origins and history. Based on the text, I believe scholars may develop a new multidisciplinary medical approach. Conjoined therapy may assist in minimizing cultural disparities. Intercultural reliance would eliminate most of the obstacles, which would perfectly ease Lia’s situation if the Hmong had implemented them. Reference Fadiman, A. (1998). The Spirit Catches you and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, her American doctors, and the collision of two cultures . Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Terrorism is the action taken by an organization or individuals seeking to bring about political and social change using widespread fear. This tactic is typically used by groups who feel neglected and undermined by an existing method of governance. An example of a terror group is Al Shabaab, a radical militant group that surfaced in 2006. The organization is an affiliate of Al-Qaida and even though it hails from Somalia, it has orchestrated attacks in Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia. This paper will discuss the group’s underlying incentive and identify its purpose and objective. Then, the paper will elaborate on how the group was established and how it continues to evolve while probing some of the factors that facilitate the organization’s existence thus far. Finally, the paper will develop and examine some counterterrorism options that the Somalian government can adapt to bring to completely end the terror group. First, it is crucial to understand Al-Shabaab’s underlying motivation and objective to comprehend their reason for existence. A closer look at the group’s terror activities suggests that it is a highly nationalist group whose values are deep-rooted in the Islamist ideologies. For example, an article in the Guardian reveals that after the 2013 September Westgate mall attack in Nairobi, Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility on Twitter stating that, “Somalis have been in distress since the start of the military operations in Kenya, and the mall attack was revenge” (Walker, 2013). The group’s primary targets were non-Muslims alongside five Americans who were also wounded in the attack. Another instance that reaffirms Al Shabaab’s nationalist and Islamist agenda points towards the 2010 bombing of bars in Kampala, the Ugandan capital. One of the group’s representatives during an interview said that “Al Shabaab wants to rid Somalia of anything that does agree with its strict version of Islam” (Al Jazeera, 2010). This idea is further reinforced by an incident in 2010 when Al Shabaab desecrated a gravesite and destroyed a Mosque belonging to the Sufi Muslims whose religious beliefs they did not agree with (Al Jazeera, 2010). Having defined Al Shabaab’s intentions, the next section will examine the organization’s history. Al Shabaab was established in 2006 as a fraction of a larger group referred to as the Islamic Courts Union. The term Al Shabaab is an Arabic phrase meaning “youth” (Alexander, 2013). Al Shabaab would later become a troublesome radical organization after expanding its recruitment drive as far as the UK, Turkey, and Iraq (Pflanz, 2019). As of 2017, Al Shabaab had an estimated 7000 and 9000 members responsible for 1,457 deaths, a 93% increase from the previous year (Dudley, 2018). The group is made up of people from different backgrounds, a majority of whom comprise expatriates that return home to fight as Al Shabaab militants. The large numbers have enabled the group to control large areas of Somalia and carry out attacks throughout the country and the neighboring countries of Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia. The
The literature review shows the effect of media on adolescent females and the way they get an interpretation of the world around them. The messages presented show how women are supposed to be submissive to men and should not be taken seriously. Women know that their outer look is very important than their character and try to believe what they watch in the media about remaining thin in order to appear attractive. Media in this case portray women as the weaker sex compared to men and that they are not able to hold high positions in authority in workplaces due to their irrational character. Therefore, sexism in media portrays women as the weaker sex because; they are influenced by what they see on television to make a conclusion about their self-identity. Introduction Sexism is the belief that one sex is less valuable or inferior than another which leads to different treatment of people depending on the gender. According to research, there is a major role played by media where it influences the way women perceive the world that is around them and how they define themselves. Also, media influences the feeling of adolescents and the way they are taken by society, their body image, and sexuality. (Nichter, 2000) Adolescence stage During the adolescence stage, young adults feel unsettled and confused because of the changes that occur in their bodies. They engage in social relationships that make them have many questions about how they can adapt to the changing world. They have many questions about the way they are perceived by their family, friends, and teachers due to increased self-consciousness, self-awareness ad social acceptance. This is the stage where there is a desire to make discoveries and know their role in society. According to Durham (1999 p27) “Adolescents have both emotional and psychological stresses which are severe, together with valuing self-worth and gender identities where topics on sexual attitudes are contemplated seriously”. Since adolescence is the stage between childhood and adulthood, as they move into adulthood, they understand their new ideas, feeling, and roles. As they explore themselves and become independent, they develop anxiety and become uncertain of themselves and the world around them. Although these changes occur to both sexes, that is, females as well as males, research shows that, during this transition, females have a difficult time more than males. Adolescent girls tend to have decreased self-esteem, feel less attractive and ashamed due to change in their appearance which makes them feel insecure. In boys, the adolescence stage is taken as a reassuring time where they feel satisfied in their body and have a sense of self-assurance. Even if both boys and girls increase in size and their body shape changes, boys appreciate the change while girls tend to dread it. Nichter (2000) During this time when introspection is extreme, females rely on the media more than males so that they can be helped to get an explanation of the
Our staff is glad to announce the release of our first COVID-19 vaccine that goes under the title mRNA-1273. We started our work right after the Chinese scientists revealed the genetic sequence of this type of coronavirus. We succeeded in the development of the prototype that was ready in winter 2020. After all the necessary tests and clinical trials that involved 30,000 participants aged between 18 and 71+. The participants pertained to different ethnic groups, which shows that the vaccine is effective irrespective of such demographic features as ethnicity or age. The proven efficacy of the vaccine is more than 94%. The most vulnerable groups can finally feel safe as we have the medicine to protect them. Older people, patients with chronic conditions, healthcare professionals and other individuals who can be exposed to infection can be the front-line receivers of the vaccine. We all remember the shock of the first months of the pandemic, and the new infection made people see the vulnerability of healthcare systems worldwide. The outcomes of the disease may be serious for many people. Older individuals, as well as patients with chronic disorders irrespective of their age, tend to develop severe health conditions that can be difficult to cure. In many cases, the virus leaves no chances to patients, and we know the sad statistics of millions of deceased due to COVID-19. The devastating effects of the disorder on many patients’ health and their quality of life are also well-known. Therefore, it is pivotal to prevent rather than try to treat the new infectious disease. We offer our vaccine as an effective preventive measure that can save lives and improve people’s quality of life. mRNA-1273 is created on the basis of the genetic code of the virus, which makes it an effective instrument against the infection. One of the benefits of our vaccine is its usability as it is stable at 2-8 degrees Celsius for 30 days. This stability is critical since standard medical and even home refrigerators can sustain its stability, which can be critical for rural settings or lower-income communities. Any healthcare facility in the USA, as well as beyond its borders, can become a place where a person can be vaccinated. No specific equipment is necessary for transportation and storage. Hence, the cost of vaccination is also reduced significantly. Importantly, MODERNA implemented trials involving the most vulnerable groups in collaboration with the FDA and NIH. These institutions provided favorable feedback regarding the use of the vaccine and will initiate Emergency Use Authorization. The importance of the urgent application of an effective vaccine is critical for the USA and worldwide. We are ready to produce our vaccine that can satisfy the needs of the United States and other countries. MODERNA has the necessary facilities and c
The American dream influences the minds of the young Americans during the decades, and this idea can affect people’s dreams, intentions, and life goals along with their vision of the sense of living. In his True West (1980), Sam Shepard presents his vision of the American dream’s role in developing the society with references to the contradiction of opinions on the Old and New West. This opposition is accentuated with references to the characters of two brothers, Austin and Lee, who have rather different opinions on the sense of life, but their visions are incomplete because they cannot feel satisfaction in relation to their achievements or lifestyle. Furthermore, in his play, Sam Shepard also discusses the role of a family in developing the personality and in influencing the aspects of the person’s life. Differences in the behaviors and ideals of two brothers are presented in their combination with rather strict similarities because these persons were brought up in one family. The characters of Austin and Lee can be discussed as the opposite sides of one product of the American culture in its combination of old traditions and new tendencies. Thus, Shepard develops the topic of the American dream and variety of its aspects with the help of discussing Austin and Lee’s different attitudes to success, glory, wealth, and independence which are the reflections of one approach shared not only in their family but also in America. The characters of Austin and Lee are depicted as antagonists who change their roles and visions during the development of events in the play. Austin can be discussed as the rational and successful American screenwriter who knows what he wants in this life. This brother is the embodiment of the new America with its ideals and revised vision of the American dream. Wealth, success, and rationalism are the main concepts of this period, and Austin knows the rules of living in this reality. The problem is in the fact that he cannot accept the visions which are typical for his brother Lee who embodies the Old West oriented to the principles of independence and liberty. Lee does not follow any frames according to which Austin’s life is organized. Thus, Lee chooses the life of a thief, and he focuses on freedom as the main value in his life which is full of chaos. That is why, the brothers experience significant difficulties while trying to communicate after the years of living apart. Austin and Lee follow different truths in their lives, but their interests are traversed when they become to pay more attention to each other’s activities. Thus, Lee’s intentions to try the career of a screenwriter can be explained not with references to the idea of destroying the brother’s perfect life, but with Lee’s desire to play a new role which is perceived as the successful variant. Moreover, Austin begins to dream about the life in deserts because this lifestyle seems to be more real than his familiar life with planned projects and scheduled meetings. As a result, the brothers guess that their approaches to life cannot provide them with the real sens
Constructing fictional worlds for characters, authors reflect particular moral, ethical, and social rules of proper behavior in the world. Hence, the heroes are expected to follow these rules. However, when some characters violate the expectations, the complication of the plot follows. Depending on the narrator’s reflections on the norms of the world, some characters are “punished” for their transgression of ethical, moral, and social norms, some are not. The “punishment” of the character, however, does not necessarily testify to the narrator’s support of the expected behavior standards pointing out a conflict between the author and the society in regards to ethical, moral, and social values. Comparison of The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne reveals the difference in the narrative’s attitude to the moral order in their fictional world. When Hawthorne describes his fictional world The Birthmark, he refers to “comparatively recent discovery of electricity and other kindred mysteries of Nature” (12). Besides, he chooses “a man of science” Aylmer who is an “eminent proficient in every branch of natural philosophy” as the main character (Hawthorne 12). Scientific findings are highly approved and encouraged in the society of that time. However, it is believed that “our great creative Mother, while she amuses us with apparently working in the broadest sunshine, is yet severely careful to keep her own secrets, and, in spite of her pretended openness, shows us nothing but results” (Hawthorne 18). Hence, the question is posed whether a human should only perceive natural laws, explain them, experiment with them or create as well. Hawthorn believes that Nature “permits us indeed to mar, but seldom to mend, and, like a jealous patentee, on no account to make” (18). It is not a question of capability or knowledge; it is an ethical dilemma. Besides, moral and social standards of the society disapprove sacrifice of a human to deeper comprehend Nature. Only after his dream Aylmer recognizes “the tyrannizing influence acquired by one idea over his mind, and of the lengths which he might find in his heart to go, for the sake of giving himself peace” (Hawthorne 16). The birthmark on Georgiana’s cheek represents “fatal flaw of humanity”, and the author poses the question whether Nature created a human as mortal and imperfect or “perfection must be wrought by toil and pain” (Hawthorne 14). Consequently, the moral, social, and ethical dilemma presents a choice: to accept and admire the imperfection of a human or to fight against it at any cost. Aylmer cannot consent to the human’s imperfection or Nature’s superiority, so he chooses to fight. At first, Georgiana doubts, she thinks it is possible that “the stain goes as deep as life itself” and asks Aylmer, “do we know that there i
The facts of the case There are a number of key players in this case. First, we have actuaries, Trowbridge Consulting. This was one of the major Australian actuarial organisation and with extensive experience consulting in cases of asbestos. Trowbridge had served James Hardie Industries Limited (JHIL) for a period of years when it estimated the future costs of asbestos related claims. Actuaries provide professional services to society. This implies that actuaries also have professional responsibilities to the public. However, actuaries still face challenges related to conflict of interest and independence and have serious challenges that should prompt a full debate (Gunz, McCutcheon and Reynolds, 2009). Actuaries’ main duty remains a service to the public. However, their employers are management. Still, their duties vary considerably based on a case-by-case basis (Gunz and Laan, 2011). In 1996, Trowbridge estimated that the cost of asbestos related claims would reach $ 250 million. However, following vague terms used in the report and that the company was only obfuscating and failure of JHIL to get listed in the US together with increasing numbers of claimants’ costs, the relationship between Trowbridge and JHIL became strained. Trowbridge report remained a draft and JHIL wanted to use it to convince future insurers. However, Trowbridge insisted that could only happen under an assurance of indemnity. Second, JHIL case is significant for this report. The company shows how conflict of interest and pressure on professional groups can occur. It also shows how organisations can resort to obfuscating reports for strategic goals due to financial difficulties. Further, it also shows how organisations can comprise vague and rarely actionable professional ethics and codes. JHIL case demonstrate how relying on actuaries that are prone to compromise can destroy the profession. We can also notice the aggressive tactics of the company, and its dependence on actuarial firm that wants to enhance its relationship financially and professional can challenge professional ethical standards. JHIL was the dominant firm in production of asbestos in Australia. JHIL emerged dominant in terms of exploiting asbestos mineral, useful commercial properties of the mineral, and realisation of asbestos serious and harmful health concerns. However, the company ignored such health problems till the removal of asbestos in the market. Most workers lodged claims for compensation due to asbestosis. However, JHIL remained adamant and denied any case of negligence. Third, the public is significant for this case. The company mined and processed asbestos under questionable circumstances that ignored health and safety concerns of workers. In addition, JHIL used primitive equipment in poorly ventilated environment for its operation. As a result, several workers demanded compensation due to conditions of asbestosis. However, JIHL denied any negligence in its operation. JIHIL hired Trowbridge to provide future costs and estimate for compensation and for potential insurers, and lis