ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Pharmacy primarily entails gathering, preparation, and standardization of different types of medicines; hence, at all times practitioners in this field must be ready to dispense all types of drugs that have been prescribed by doctors. To achieve this, the pharmacist must have updated records of a patient’s medical history, as it is their responsibility to formulate, store, and give correct drugs, which in most cases are in form of premeasured tablets and capsules. Executing all these duties in most community pharmacies sometimes can be a very daunting task, considering the huge numbers of members that community members must serve, as they are also not exempted from doing procurement, storage, dispensing, and recording of all drugs that have been given out to patients. Although this has been the case for a while, the introduction of prescribing innovations such as E-prescribing has revolutionized the entire system, because it has reduced the volumes of paperwork that these practitioners are supposed to do. Electronic prescribing primarily entails the sharing of prescription information between computers that are on a network, among prescribers, medical practitioners, and clients. This methodology requires no paperwork; hence, it provides a mechanism of linking healthcare providers with their clients and drug dispensing community pharmacies at the same time. This networked system will have all information that pertains to patients including their medical history, any drugs that they have received throughout their sickness, and any cancelations or changes that were made, in terms of the drugs that patients have been receiving (Spiro and Webster 35-42). Considering this, E-prescribing has not only improved the efficiency in dispensing drugs but also has improved the levels of safety involved in the process of prescribing and giving out drugs to patients, because the system contains all data that pertains to a patient’s drug history. Benefits of E-prescribing When using the E-prescribing method all that doctors are required to do is to enter drug prescriptions in a computer that should be in their offices, after which this information is relayed to the pharmacy computer; hence, all that is required of pharmacists is just to check the drug history of the patient, dispensing of the specified medicines, and giving patients the required advice on their progress. One primary advantage of this method is that, in addition to making the transfer of information very easy between doctors and pharmacists, this method provides an interlinked channel between different pharmacies; hence, individuals are not forced to attend specific community pharmacies with their medical pharmacies but they can get their drugs from any pharmacy that is a member of this
The reading by Mark Roth describes the hidden historical truth behind pirates and their deceptive view by the modern society. While cartoons, movies, and popular narratives about pirates portray them as cruel robbers, Roth (2006) disagrees and proves that pirates avoided violence and joined the group out of economic despair. It is remarkable how the truth about these historical figures was twisted to position them as a villainized “Other.” Although their actions were illegal, they had the social justification to act that way, and their modern portrayal in media reflects their misrepresentation in an attempt to silence past concerns and societal issues. Destruction of the Indies This historical document depicts one of the earliest accounts of the mistreatment of Native Americans by the Spanish. While the author empathizes with the sufferers of colonization and expresses regret about the sinful abuse that Christian newcomers imposed on the natives, he also reveals a fair share of bias (Casas, 2020). This discrepancy between the intent and the way the author voices his concerns is contradictory. While he acknowledges that cruelty is evil, he also classifies Native Americans as “Others,” demeaning their value as individuals. Groundings with My Brothers Among exploring other issues, the reading refers back to the historical sources of racism. Rodney (2019) claims that the racism we experience now originated in Western Indian society due to the deeply embedded slave-master relationship. The consequences of these actions can be observed now: white people are unconsciously considered superior “humans,” while black people are culturally and socially repressed “non-humans” who serve them. The God-Given Order of Nature The classification of humans by Linne is what amazed me the most. Linne (2020) regards Europeans as “governed by laws,” while other races are “governed by caprice, opinions, and customs” (p. 43). This difference shows that before the concept of racism became a widely discussed issue, Europeans positioned themselves higher than any other race. Such historical evidence serves as proof and foundation for modern, less overt rac
Introduction A hotel distribution channel is an independent platform that provides inventory services to companies operating in this industry. An efficient channel should allow for room reservations and payment within itself (Christodoulidou, Brewer, Feinstein & Bai, 2007, p. 92). The hotel industry has undergone tremendous changes in rate management and room allocation. The changes can be attributed to, among others, the application of distribution channels. The growth of the digital platform has prompted hoteliers to scramble for a share of the online market to sustain their growth into the future (Kaufman & Horton, 2014, p. 7). In this paper, the author provides a critical analysis of a chapter from a guide published in this field. The chapter is titled “ The Evolution of Hotel Electronic Distribution Channel Strategy” . It is the first chapter in the guide “Managing Hotel Electronic Distribution Channels: A Technology Primer”. The guide is authored by Christodoulidou, Cobanoglu, and Berezina (2012, pp. 1-4). The aim of this analysis is to provide a review of literature related to this field. A Review of Literature In the article, Christodoulidou et al. (2012, p. 2) describe how catering managers had to rely on supply and demand in the market to determine rates of room occupancy. The approach was unreliable given that it lacked empirical backing. According to Hensens (2015, p. 70), this trend is changing rapidly as more people embrace the internet. According to a Google Travel Study conducted by Ipsos MediaCT on June 2014, the internet is one of the major sources of information for travelers. Eyeball tracking is a study carried out to help hotels understand how online consumers make choices. It is based on technology that tracks the pupil, collecting information on how long a person stared at a certain item. As such, it determines the interests of a person towards an object. Based on eyeball tracking, researchers determined that consumers usually browse a list of available hotels. They click on specific hotels only when they are interested in them (Noone & Robson, 2014, p. 8). The study classified the things that made consumers view an individual hotel into two categories. The first was firm-generated content. It includes names of hotels, offers made, prices, and stars. The other category is user generated content. It includes other consumer rating and reviews. The researchers were interested in the reviewers’ profile, text, and their rank in the society (Noone & Robson, 2014, p. 10) The number of consumers consulting online review websites, such as TripAdviser, has increased over time. The online review platforms have also increased the number of comments a consumer views prior to booking. According to Anderson (2012, p. 7), it is estimated that 1% increase in online popularity of a hotel translates to 0.89% increase in price. The reports are based on measures of the hotel’s average daily rate (ADR). The 1% also leads to an increase of 0.54% in the occupancy of the hotel. It also leads to 1.42% increase in revenue p
Abstract Buddhist philosophy has always been a mystery for people of different religious confessions. It must be admitted, though, that Buddhism is not only a religion but also a specific philosophy that can possibly lead one to the stage of ultimate cognition of the world and one’s self. Taking a closer look at some aspects of Buddhism, one can understand the specifications of the teaching better. The eight-fold path, the trail to the ultimate cognition, is a perfect target for exploration. Helping to understand the way the Buddhist philosophy works, it can become a key to the Buddhist teaching and Buddhist vision of the world. Introduction: Blazing the Trail to the Ultimate Enlightenment One of the three major world religions, Buddhism is the belief that everyone talks about, yet hardly anyone knows well. Exotic ad mysterious, the path of the wise is one of those phenomena which are worth considering a bit closer. Analyzing the ideas offered by Kinnard 1 , one can possibly see the key aspects of the Buddhist religion and understand what makes it stand out of the rest of the numerous existing beliefs. The Eight-Fold Path as It Is: A Ladder to Heaven Is Hard to Climb According to Kinnard 2 , there is a specific eightfold path that helped Buddha reach the stage of complete Enlightenment and cognize not only the world around him but also his own self. One of the key notions in Buddhism, the eightfold path, can be considered a “ladder to Enlightenment,” which makes it a worthy thing to consider. What wise men say: concerning the eterne As Kinnard explains 3 , the eightfold path can be split into three key ideas, which are wisdom, ethics, and mental development. Defined as wisdom, ethics, and mental development, these three stages are bound to lead to understanding the essence of Buddhism and can embrace the eight steps towards cognition as Buddha interpreted it. Starting with the aspect of wisdom seems logical since it envelops the first three folds of Buddhist development. From a bird’s-eye view: see it the right way According to what Kinnard says 4 , right understanding is the first of the eight keys to becoming a true Buddhist. As Kinnard explains, this is the first step towards a Buddhist vision of the world, and the essential one: “understanding the dharma 5 , as Kinnard calls it, is the first step to cognizing one’s self and, therefore, the element which opens the gateway to cognition in general. Closely related to the issue of the Four Noble Truths, the idea of the right understanding presupposes taking the things the way they are, without giving them some qualities which they are not supposed to possess or imagining them the way they are not supposed to be. According to Kinnard, the Four Noble Truths can be defined in the following way: “One of the most basic distillations of the Buddha’s teachings; they are (1) suffering ( duhkha ) exists in the world; (2) suffering arises, or has a cause ( samudaya ); (3), suffering has an end ( nirodha ); (4) there is a path […] (Margot)” 6 . Hence, the idea of understanding presupposes realizing that there is one and only l
The debate about beauty and its real meaning still rages. How to measure it, where it appears, the power behind it, its construction process, among other parameters, continues to be a puzzle. As a result, people have set out to unravel the truth behind this enigma. Among them are Danto and Tolstoy. While Tolstoy declares beauty a complete fiction, Danto views it as a catalyst that modifies sorrow into happiness. Where does beauty lie? The works of art serve as tools able to untangle the mystery behind the location of beauty. Some claim that art has the ability to reveal this puzzle but Danto sets to “…meditate on the relative scarcity of beauty in recent art” (281). This speculation is sufficient to tell that beauty bears no place in artworks, as it is misconceived. Tolstoy also comes in handy here noting that, beauty is not always a coincidence of what is good. This, to some extend, pictures it as being beyond what people see from art works. He says, “Beauty is the basis of all our predilections” (Tolstoy 13). In his quest to find out the reality of beauty, Tolstoy claims that beauty is the tool that judges art and since “art is the most important agent of social change, necessarily transmitting earnest and infectious emotional feeling” (Tolstoy 24), it stands out that beauty lies in emotions, rather than forms. Concurring with this judgment, Danto observes beauty as, “…transforming raw grief into tranquil sadness…marking the loss of a loved one” (Danto 364). These expositions attest that beauty, just as love, appears in emotions, but not in forms. Beauty is not a quality of the work of art, but a social construct. This stands out in Danto’s observations. In fact, he declares beauty as part of art works only on condition. “Beauty is internal to a work when it is…for such a work, beauty is part of the work’s content” (366). This occurs on rare occasions and that is why Danto gives the reason as to why beauty is inappropriate in contemporary artworks. To show how beauty is socially constructed, Tolstoy posits, “…is the same important observation: beauty, long considered the highest standard for judging art, is not based in anything natural, but rather emerges purely as a product of the social” (22). It is far from the quality of art works. Danto adds, “Our societal aversion to beauty…but beauty threatens to conceal them” (362). He shows that beauty is a creation of the society when he “…reminds us that what is presented beautifully is an inherent part of human experience” (359) and hence socially constructed. Attached to beauty is the healing influence especially when one is struck by a personal loss. This reveals some secret power in beauty that ensures the healing. Tolstoy says, “…it’s all in the mind” (16) revealing the sense in the saying that ‘beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder.’ It is driven by the mind as the power. Beauty is captivating. The reason behind the captivation lies not in the truths brought by the works of art, which are subject to being overlooked, but in the interpretations of the mind. In fact, Tolstoy says, “the beautiful is nothi
A landlord is an individual who leases a home to another who is known as; a lessee. It is an owner of the property who yields the right to use the property for a particular point in time in exchange for the reception of the rental fee. A tenant on the other hand is a person to whom a property-owner allows impermanent and restricted use of land or a division of a house or property, typically in substitute for payment. The agreement for this bargain is called a lease. Insurance can be defined as, “A system under which individuals, businesses, and other organizations or entities, in exchange for payment of a sum of money (called a premium), are guaranteed compensation for losses resulting from certain perils under specified conditions in a contract” (Glossary of Terms, 2007). There are certain responsibilities of the landlords as well as the tenants that need to be understood by the Greens before buying an apartment building. The first and foremost rule is to be clear about everything. This includes the limitations, the use of property, any sustainable damage and its consequences, etc. The expected regulation of landlord responsibility is that a property owner will be detained answerable for any goings-on on his property if the lessor at the time of the lease approved to such commotion or had an idea that it would be carried out, and the lessor also had an or idea had the motive to know that it would inevitably entail such a difficult to deal with a threat or that special safety measures that were essential to security would not be taken. In order to be apprehended as accountable for damage on the property, the landlord or property manager must have been neglectful in preserving the property, and that carelessness must have been the cause of the damage. Landowners in most states to a certain degree are held legally responsible for the safeguard of their tenants from the hands of probable attackers and burglars and from the acts of crimes being committed by fellow residents. Landlords should ensure the protection of the neighborhood from the illegal activities of their tenants, such as drug dealing. These legal duties stanch from building codes, decrees, rulings, and, most often, decisions of the court. The liability of the tenant is somewhat the same as that of debt. Most often than not landlords charge tenant liability for any harm to the property, which means that the charge of fixing something that they believe has been damaged by the tenant. The insurance papers of the house are usually kept by the landlords, but tenants also need Tenant Insurance. Tenant Insurance permits the tenant to restore their possessions including furnishings, garments, pieces of equipment etc if it is damaged, stolen or completely destroyed. It further envelops damages that happen to other people or their belongings for the time period that they spend at the tenants and then tenants are held responsible for it. Moreover, it takes into consideration the extra living everyday expenditure if the tenants are required to go a
Introduction The world’s stability in politics strongly relies on various factors. Although it can be conveniently stated that the adequacy, abundance and reliability of the global food supply has a major role to play in the enhancement of human life, in the long run, they influence the stability of the world’s politics. The globalizing sequence that has been witnessed in the sector of Agriculture together with the contemporary transformation of the world political economy is currently recognized by various policymakers as well as concerned citizens. New Zealand as my country has been part of the process. The increase of food and livestock production since the early nineteen sixties has led to sufficiency of the words food supply which is necessary to provide humans with the energy necessary for sustained humanity. However, about eight hundred and twenty million individuals have the challenge of accessing adequate food which in turn has led to hundreds of children becoming seriously underweight in respect to their age and generally led to massive morbidity and mortality in various parts of the world. At the end of the twentieth century, amazing scientific and philosophical advances in agricultural productivity have not translated into a planet free of malnutrition and hunger (Gepts, 2002). The recent vast development in modern science gives man kind a strong instrument that can bring to an end the current food insecurity. It is through increased knowledge and practice of better technologies in agriculture and food management that the world can substantially get rid of food insecurity. In the pursuit of addressing the above-mentioned problem and increasing the production of food for all, then there is a dire need for policymakers in agriculture and land use to reconsider the current status quo and change it for the better. Modern scientific practices which are proven and viable have to be put into use, one of this
Cocaine refers to a drug presented in most cases in crystal or powder form. The drug is sometimes combined with sugar, talcum, and corn starch. Cocaine is extracted initially from coca leaves and utilized as an effective painkiller. In many instances, the drug users tend to sniff it, and the powder gets through the nasal materials to the bloodstream. The drug is also rubbed and ingested into the gums in other cases. The drug is sometimes injected into the bloodstream to enhance its absorption rate, although the practice poses a significant danger of overdose. In addition, inhaling the drug also speeds the absorption with reduced health effects than injection. I consider the drug harmful and one of the most disastrous to human health. Once anyone learns to use the drug, it becomes impossible to free oneself from it both mentally and physically. The drug stimulates some of the primary receptors in one’s brain, leading to euphoria, which finally translates to a physical state of tolerance (Thornton et al. 753). Therefore the use of the drug makes it impossible for one to escape the dark path of addiction. The use of the drug is associated with various side effects ranging from moderate to adverse. When one first takes cocaine, the entire body becomes stimulated, resulting in the haste of energy throughout the body and mind. In this case, the heart races, and the body’s sensory organs become exceedingly sensitive. Excess intake of the drug floods one’s mind, resulting in a feeling of unusual pleasure, making an individual develop a sense of confidence, euphoria, and excitement. Continued drug use leads to total brain structure damage, premature aging, and a feeble immune system. Work Cited Thornton, Claire, Etty Grad, and Rami Yaka. “The Role of Mitochondria in Cocaine Addiction.” Biochemical Journal 478.4 (2021): 749-764.
Introduction After the economic crisis of 2009, many businesses across the world that enjoyed steady rates of economic growth have faced the problem of changing income levels of the general populace. Many people have lost their jobs, salaries were cut, and the prices for certain commodities rose exponentially. Many enterprises were unprepared for decreasing sales rates and the realities of the market, which dictated that continuing production and growth at the same rates as before the crisis was impossible. The purpose of this presentation is to examine the effects of national minimum wage levels, economic growth, and recession on changing income levels on a business enterprise, and provide recommendations on how to reduce operational and economic losses during times of crisis. The Effects of National Minimum Wage Rates on a Business There are two different conceptions surrounding the national minimum wage rates. Some researchers suggest that a higher minimum wage rate would increase the buying power of the customers, thus enabling them to spend money on products other than the bare necessities. This trend, in theory, is expected to bolster the market. Other researchers, on the other hand, observe that high minimum wages pose a danger to small business, which cannot afford to optimize the number of workers as much as large businesses do. They claim that an increase in wages would inevitably cause price growth, which would reduce the effects of any NMW increase. The data provided by the Economic Policy Institute, however, shows that increased NMW ratios do not necessarily lead to employee optimization. In the USA, the states with higher than the federal minimum wage rates show a higher number of business establishments, increased numbers of employees, larger annual payrolls, and higher average payroll per worker. The Effects of Economic Growth on a Business It is a general consensus that economic growth is beneficial for business growth. Economic growth is associated with decreased poverty rates, decreased unemployment, increased quality of life, and a greater willingness of the customers to spend more money on a variety of goods. However, not all businesses profit from economic growth in equal measure. During times of crisis, people become less choosy about the quality of a product, as the price and basic functionality become their primary concerns. In times of economic growth, customers are allowed to choose, meaning that competition grows as well. That competition could potentially force some businesses to lose their market share. In a period of economic growth, companies that produce premium-class products profit the most. Economic growth enables the middle class to afford luxury items that were previously available only to the wealthy, thus greatly expanding the potential market. Recession A recession is the o