ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, the possibility of wolf population’s restoration in the Northeast districts of America draws significant attention. The researchers continue to evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of the idea, and, in the state of New York, the public opinion is gradually shifting from negative to positive attitudes towards the reestablishment of the wolf population (Enck & Brown, 2002). The recent findings in the wildlife populations’ research demonstrate that the restoration of wolves in the Adirondack Park may positively influence regional development and may contribute to the improvement of the environmental condition. The Adirondack Park The Park occupies a massive part of New York. The territory of the Park comprises a few cities and yet the surroundings of the Adirondack Mountains are in the preserved zone ( The Adirondack Park , 2016). It is one of the favorite holiday destinations for many people who love nature, and the initiative for the gray wolf population restoration has the potential for the acceleration of tourism development. Ecotourism is a promising trajectory in the industry, and many people can be attracted by the opportunities to encounter wolves (Enck & Brown, 2002). In this way, economic growth may be regarded as an indirect consequence of animals’ restoration, and economic development will contribute to the enhancement of local infrastructures and increase in life quality. Wolf Population When the Americans first commenced the settlement in the Northeast of the country, the wolves were perceived as deleterious and dangerous animals. As a result of such prejudiced attitudes and lack of objective knowledge about wolves’ behavior, the animals were completely expatriated by 1874, and at the moment of the official establishment of the Adirondack Park, there were no wolves on its territory (Enck & Brown, 2002). Nowadays, gray wolves are protected under the Endangered Species Act, which remains in force in forty-eight states. And the further expansion of wolves’ living environment will contribute to species conservation. Ecosystem Balance One of the biggest environmental challenges in the Adirondack Park is the large and uncontrolled population of deer that significantly harms the environment and raises the issues of deforestation. Deer eat the young shoots
Communication Competence Organizational communication plays key functions in the attainment of organizational goals and objectives. It is important in the development of relationships, facilitates the coordination planning, and control of organizational operations, and allows employees to accomplish tasks in areas such as sales and marketing (Miller & Barbour, 2014). It is also important in the creation and maintenance of organizational policies, regulations, and procedures. In that regard, it is important for all organizations to have competent communicators. Studies have shown that successful organizations are characterized by effective and efficient communication. There are several ways of encouraging the members of the organization to become competent communicators in order to enhance the corporate communication strategy. First, I would encourage them to take personal communication competence seriously (Miller & Barbour, 2014). This would involve clarifying their communication ethics by being committed to certain moral behaviors regardless of the context. For instance, it would be important for employees to determine their most important values and decide how to communicate ethically in all kinds of conversations. Second, I would urge them to practice a lot in order to improve their communication skills (Miller & Barbour, 2014). This would be achieved by talking openly to other colleagues when they act unethically, participating in discussion meetings, and talking to new acquaintances. I would encourage employees to express themselves clearly using appropriate language during conversations with their supervisors and colleagues. Third, I would encourage them to embrace communication ethics and apply them to all conversations (Solomon & Theiss, 2012). Communication ethics involves considering what is right and wrong as well as what is ethical and unethical (Solomon & Theiss, 2012). For instance, an employee would be required to think about whether spreading propaganda or rumors regarding a colleague is ethical or unethical. Sexual Harassment According to Caritas Christi Health Care culture, sexual harassment comprises acts such as sexually charged looks, and unnecessary touching, and sexual gestures (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2012). In that regard, unnecessary hugging and touching are forms of sexual harassment. Based on the definition of the policy, the president of Caritas Christi Health Care is guilty of sexual harassment and should be fired. The sexual harassment policy clearly defines sexual harassment and outlines acts that are not allowed in the workplace. Ten complaints of harassment against the president are proof beyond a reasonable doubt that he is guilty. Handling of sexual harassment cases is considered complicated because in many cases, there is a lack of witnesses to substantiate the information given by victims (Ivancevich & Konopaske, 2012). In addition, most companies find it very difficult to define sexual harassment and prove that it actually happened. More importantly, cases of sexual harassment are usually subjective (Vardi & Weitz, 2016). Therefore, investigators depend o
Professor Garrison starts off the essay “Why Am I in College” by capturing the attention of the reader with an eye-catching on the importance of education to one’s life. The use of keynote quotations from acclaimed persons holds the reader at captivity and heightens the interest. He goes ahead to incorporate his reader by giving him a role in the essay by virtue of asking him to shift from the first person to the second person. This is sustained by the rhetorical questions that the professor possesses as he introduces the main topic that he is tackling. By introducing his subject in question form, the writer acknowledges his readers’ knowledge of the subject matter. Furthermore, he makes the readers own up the topic due to their direct involvement and concern in it. Garrison’s first argument on education depicts his thoughts on the intention of education. He goes ahead to justify it by quoting a philosopher and, in the process, invoking the name of God (Whitehead 74). Roger then departs from the spiritual atmosphere he has created to bring in a real-life experience. This is a clear strategy to cut across his readers and accommodate all of them in his work. In addition to that, he gains ground by highlighting the keywords in his literary work and draws the line between them. The writer then takes away the essay from the reader and personalizes it by giving a personal example. However, this is after he has already colonized him into his work terr
Generally, as people tend to age, they are more likely to suffer from Parkinson’s disease. It is a brain disorder that makes the body of an individual become stiff and shaking. The condition comes as a result of poor coordination of motor movement leading to imbalance and walking difficulty. The illness affects both genders, with 50 percent dominance on males over females. Its signs and symptoms progress gradually and attain a critical level, which can alter the victim’s overall behavior. In some cases, Parkinson’s effect may be realized at the early stages of life before attaining the age of 50 years. The syndrome is linked to genetic mutation hence can be inherited from one generation to another (Blauwendraat et al., 2020). Early-onset of the disease, which has a low likelihood of occurring, is not connected to changes in gene thus not passed from one person to another. Critical analysis of Parkinson’s disorder that involves understanding its history, the process of pathology, clinical characteristics is important for proper comprehension of the condition and its implication on personal health. History of Parkinson’s Disease The history of Parkinson’s disease can be traced back to the ancient years of about AD 175. According to western medicine, a physician, Galen, described and named the condition “shaking Palsy.” Similarly, the early Indian medical system referred to the disorder as “Kampavata,” meaning tremor. In 1817, a London physician called James Parkinson developed an essay that entailed detailed information about the syndrome. The writing titled “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” recognized the illness as a medicinal situation. After some decades, a French neurologist called Jean-Martin Charcot improved the idea of James Parkinson and named the disorder Parkinson’s disease after evaluating and understanding the essential work done by the London doctor. In his role, Charcot and the students explained the clinical description of the illness. In the process of comprehending the disease, Charcot established two types of the condition. He categorized them into two distinct phases: the tremor and the rigidity stage (Li & Le, 2017). His work entailed a detailed explanation of the overall physical changes that an individual experiencing the sickness undergoes as the disease progress. Furthermore, William Gowers contributed to understanding Parkinson’s disease were on his work “Manual of Disease of the Nervous System,” he outlined his comprehension of the disease based on the study on over 70 patients. He continued to elaborate on possible deformities associated with the syndrome on the patients in his studies around the year 1880. In addition, Gowers’ involvement confirmed that men are more susceptible to Parkinson’s illness than women. The clear identification of the chemicals on a patient’s brain with Parkinson’s disease was discovered around the 1960s. During this essential finding, researcher
Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze SABIC Corporation. The analysis will focus on the firm’s external environment. PESTEL analysis will be used to analyze the macro-environment, whereas Porter’s Five Forces framework will be used to analyze the competitive environment. The firm’s internal environment will be examined with the aid of SWOT analysis. Based on these analyses, strategic management recommendations will be made to help the firm to improve its competitiveness in the industry. The Industry The global petrochemical industry is one of the major drivers of economic growth in the world economy. Before 1980, the US, Japan and Western Europe accounted for over 80% of the industry’s production. However, production and consumption has rapidly shifted from the western countries to Asia in the last two decades. By 2010, production in the US, Japan and Western Europe had declined to 37%. Asian firms have increased their production in the industry due to their ability to access vast oil and natural gas reserves. Currently, the USA, China, and India are the main markets for petrochemical products. Some of the top ten firms in the industry include BASF SE, BP plc, China Petro-Chemical Corporation, Dow Chemical Corporation and SABIC. The industry grew by 5% in the last five years. This growth is attributed to increased consumption of petrochemical products in emerging markets such as China and India. According to the 2011 estimates, the industry is worth $600 billion. The factors that are likely to reduce the industry’s future growth include high oil prices, environmental concerns, and poor global economic growth. The Business SABIC is one of the largest and fastest growing firms in the global petrochemical industry. It was founded in 1976 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where its headquarters are located. Even though SABIC is a public firm, the government of Saudi Arabia owns 70% of its shares. The company’s main products include chemicals, plastics, fertilizers, and metals. Since its inception, the firm has maintained a remarkable financial performance. In 2011, SABIC recorded a net profit of $7.8 billion (SABIC). As at 31 December 2011, the firm had assets worth $88.74 billion. Furthermore, it had more than 40,000 employees (SABIC). In the last ten years, the firm’s production increased by 197%. Consequently, SABIC has been able to expand its operations by joining over 40 overseas markets (countries). These markets are in Asia, America, Africa, and the Middle East. SABIC’s Vision and Mission The firm’s vision is to be “the preferred world leader in chemicals” (SABIC). In this regard, the objective of the firm is to increase its competitiveness by producing high quality products and services. Additionally, the firm aims at meeting the expectations of its shareholders by maintaining high financial performance. Hence, SABIC’s mission is “to responsibly produce quality products and services through innovation, learning and operational excellence while sustaining maximum value for the shareholders” (SABIC). In order t
Figure 1. The Work Breakdown Structure Description There is no use denying the fact that every new project needs a good and clear plan which will be able to take into account all peculiarities of the work of a new project and all variables which will be able to influence its functioning. That is why nowadays great attention is given to this question as it is vital to create a competitive and successful project which will be able to bring benefits. Under these conditions, the issue of the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) obtains great significance as it helps to create the project which can be rather efficient and, additionally, deprived of any unexpected variables (Meredith & Mantel 2012). First of all, it should be said that WBSs main aim is to provide control over different stages of a project and take into account different variants of its development. This tool decomposes any project into its phases and work packages (Collyer, Warren, Hemsley & Stevens 2010). Moreover, it can help to understand the problem which could appear during the course of development of the project. That is why it is possible to suggest the usage of WBS in all products for them to become more efficient and beneficial. Additionally, taking into account the significance of this issue, the creation of some WBS model for a theoretical project could be suggested in order to understand the mechanisms of its functioning better. There is a great number of different tools that help to create WBS for any project (Pinto 2013). For this work, the project of some theoretical research was created. It is possible to admit that there are several main stages and points connected with this issue. First of all, there are four main blocks which are equipment, investigation, supervision, and elaboration. These blocks reflect the main aspects of any research project and help to organize them better. The block equipment includes 3 points which are planning, budget and usage. It means that before the start of any project the cost of the needed equipment should be taken into account and the main aspects of its usage should be analyzed. The section investigation underlines the necessity of the creation of the main theory of research and additional hypothesis and research questions which should be proved or investigated in the course of research. The section supervision outlines the necessity of control over the research which is possible with the help of communication between all members of the research team. The last block includes elements connected with the calculation of data obtained in the course of research and underlines the necessity of data capture and analysis. With this in mind, it is possible to say that the given structure was chosen because of its simplicity and efficiency as it fits the best demands and conditions of the research project. The chosen approach decomposes the whole process of organizing a new project into several stages which are rather important for the final result. Additionally, such an approach can help to think of all possible variables and complications. That is why it seems to be the best choice. Reference List Collyer, S, Warren, C, Hem
The categories of FIFA prospective marketing partners FIFA (2010) categorizes marketing partners as, “FIFA partner, FIFA World Cup Sponsor and National Supporter”. There are unique challenges that limit the pharmaceutical industry to sponsor FIFA. The business dilemma of pharmaceutical products A pharmaceutical company risks coming out as too interested in its business objectives by becoming a FIFA sponsor. Quoting a WHO report, Dukes (2006, P183) says there is what WHO has described as, “an inherent conflict of interest between the legitimate business goals of manufacturers and the social, medical and economic needs of providers and the public to select and use drugs in the most rational way”. The ethical dilemma of research and development versus sponsoring FIFA Ethical concerns arise with sponsoring FIFA in the wake of greatly underfunded R & D. As Griffin (1993, P. 299) points out, “The sheer cost of research and development (R&D) for new pharmaceuticals demands active cooperation” of different entities. Milner (2005, p. 364) reports, “some are beginning to feel the nation’s pharmaceutical companies are becoming more concerned with marketing than with scientific research.” Also, Seiter (2010 p.98) states, “drug companies are very effective in generating high sales volumes for drugs that have only limited official indications”. The dilemma of ‘Exclusivity’ as provided by FIFA Secondly, FIFA (2010) promises “category exclusivity” for sponsors. This kind of advantage is a liability in the pharmaceutical industry. The particular company will acquire a reputation as a profit-driven entity seeking to profit from disease as opposed to the better-valued position as a conscientious health products provider. Negative image and association of a sponsor to other FIFA sponsors The image of the pharmaceutical industry is that of a bastion of health which is inconsistent with what most FIFA sponsors the project. By association, a pharmaceutical company that seeks to be a FIFA sponsor will encounter bad publicity. FIFA in 2010 came under fire because of the image of its main sponsors whose products are associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. BBC (2010) reported that “The World Cancer Research Fund criticised the governing body for partnering with the likes of Coca Cola, McDonald’s and Budweiser.” Ineffectiveness of the marketing strategy through sponsoring of FIFA Edlin, Golanty & Brown, (2000, p.19) point out that pharmaceutical “manufacturers continue trying to measure their return on investment in advertising”. Therefore, FIFA sponsorship may not meet the targeted needs of pharmaceutical marketing. It will appear too aggressive. Dukes (2006, pg 184) observes, “Over emphatic marketing matters rather more in fields related to health”. While Cassels & Moynihan (2005, p. vii) contend that, “the pharmaceutical industry is working behind the scenes to help define and design the latest disorders and dysfunctions in order to create and expand markets for their newest medicines.” In
Importance of Color in History Ever since the dawn of humankind, the color was regarded as something fascinating – an object of admiration and mystery. Every civilization associates colors with its history, nature, and landscape. Despite that fact, names of colors remained relatively few. When a study of color-naming was conducted in the 1960s, it appeared that many languages contained only two color terms – white for light, and black – for dark. Over 98 languages were analyzed during this study. The English language scored best in this color litmus test, providing 11 original color names – brown, gray, purple, blue, pink, green, yellow, orange, red, white, and black. The rest of the colors were not accounted for in this research, as their names derived from objects they are associated with, such as avocado, tan, or gold. 1 Over the course of two thousand years, plenty of thinkers and scientists dedicated themselves to studying and understanding of color. The Greek philosopher Aristotle made the first known contribution. He considered yellow and blue to be the base, primary colors. In his philosophy, they mirrored the antagonizing natures of white and black – representing the sun and the moon, day and night, male and female, yin and yang. Observing how the light changes throughout the day, Aristotle came up with a palette of colors, which progressed in a linear fashion: white, yellow, red, purple, green, blue, and black. While green seems out of place, many artists and photographers recorded green hues of the last dying rays of light observed during the late sunset. 2 Colors play an important part in all areas of human life. They have a practical, aesthetical, and symbolic meaning. In nearly every religion, colors were associated with something. For example, red, yellow,
Socialization from birth by family and community From a tender age, children realize their identity, either a male or female. This is made possible due to many factors in their environment, including what grown ups in their lives tell them, their interaction with other children, and everyday experiences at shops, school, church, and of course, in their homes. Other factors, like cloth choices made for them, color of items they receive as gifts, and even the shape and model of the gifts, are all factors that perpetuate socialization (Kendall 10). On the other hand, racial bias is introduced to children through their interactions with people in their lives, including parents, friends, neighbors and other children. Racial bias is an acquired state, brought about by experiences in an every day life. Religion, culture and geographic location also play a key role in the way gender privileges and opportunities are allocated. It is important for our children to understand the race and gender they belong to, however, these “notions” and understanding of self should not be misinterpreted, as well as misunderstood by children as an obstacle and denial of the opportunity to get the best out of their lives because of the gender or racial discrimination (Kendall 10). Toys and their influence on socialization Toys are colourful items that are made specifically for children of all ages, to entertain, educate and even build their motor skills. There are diverse types of toys, some made specifically for girls and others for boys. There are also others that can be used by both, boys and girls (Kendall 11). Toys could be black or white, and this brings about racial affiliations which may have adverse effects on the children and their socialization in the long term, depending on how the toys are acquired and communicated to the children. Toys which depict whites as superior and blacks as inferior, socialize the children negatively. They make black children feel inferior to the white children, and this affects their confidence and self-esteem. The white children, on the other hand, are made feel superior and this raises their confidence and self-esteem (Kendall 15). Toys and gender differentiation Toys acquisition is one of the ways which can easily form biases and uncall for differentials, in the way young boys and girls are socialized. For example, upon entering a major toys store, one immediately notices that toys have been separated in terms of gender and sometimes even race. Boys’ toys are mostly replicas of big cars, lorries and trains, mostly in dull ‘boyish’ colors, while those for girls would be in bright colors like pink, and consist of dolls and girly stuff (Kendall 17). This forms a perception in the children’s young minds that girls are caretakers, and boys are supposed to explore the outdoors and aim to work wi