ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nowadays, the success of the American Lunar mission Apollo 11, which resulted in the landing of a man on the Moon, is commonly regarded as an important milestone in the way of humanity’s technological advancement. Therefore, it indeed makes much sense to reassess, again and again, the significance of the mentioned historical event from different perspectives. This paper aims to do just that. In the aftermath of having researched the subject matter, the author expects to gain a better understanding of what was the main driving force behind the development in question. When it comes to reviewing the thematically relevant literature, concerned with the US-led Moon landing mission, it can hardly escape one’s attention that most authors make a point in explaining what were the specifics of the political climate on this planet at the time. That is, the fact that during the late 1960s-early 1970s, the Cold War between the US and USSR has reached the peak of its intensity. Therefore, back then the space exploration programs in both countries primarily served the cause of increasing the emotional appeal of Capitalism and Socialism, respectively. In 1961, the Soviets succeeded in launching the first man (Yuri Gagarin) into space and returning him safely back to earth. Thus, it is fully explainable why America decided to embark on the Lunar mission: this country needed to show to the whole world that it was still ahead of the USSR, in the technological and economic sense of this word. On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy addressed Congress with the message “On Urgent National Needs” while proclaiming that the country’s national priority was to land an American citizen on the Moon before the end of the decade. Throughout the next eight years, the nation continued to apply an extensive effort into ensuring that this objective will be achieved as scheduled. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was put in charge of organizing the Lunar mission and overseeing the project’s sub-sequential phases. The German-born aerospace engineer Werner von Braun was appointed to be in charge of designing the Saturn-5 rocket, which was to provide enough thrust to propel the Command and Lunar modules to the Moon. On their part, the Soviets were hoping to beat Americans in what later came to be known as the “Moon Race” (Logsdon 23). The former, however, we’re doomed to sustain a fiasco, in this regard. On July 16, 1969, the Apollo 11 mission was launched from Kennedy Space Center with three astronauts on board: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin Aldrin. Their destination was the Earth’s only satellite. Four days later the mission has reached the Moon. The Command module with Michael Collins inside was to continue orbiting the planet, whereas the rest of the crew took their places inside the Lunar lander (Eagle) and began descending. Even though it proved very challenging for Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin to land Eagle on the surface of the Moon, they still managed to do it. Neil Armstrong was the first man in the history of humankind to set his foot on another planet. In t
Introduction Education is considered to be the central goal for the Australian government. Having reconsidered the values and the changes which have been provided in the modern world, the Australian public sector has decided to implement the changes in the education. The main idea of the changes the Australian public sector tries to provide is to make sure that new Australian system of education promotes equity and excellence, students are successful in their learning achievements, confident and creative in their individual endeavour, and students are ready to become active and informed citizens (MCEETYA four-year action plan 2009-2012 2009). The improvement of the educational outcomes is the central goal for Australian government. The implementation of the Australian Curriculum as a part of the 10 year change in the Australian educational system is considered to be a long term process which requires attention and influence from other issues associated with the process. The Context, Including Historical Background Leading Up to the Process Being Implemented Melbourne declaration of educational goals for young Australians 2008 states that Australian governments commit to working with all school sectors to ensure that schools engage young Australians, parents, carers, families, other education and training proverbs, business and the broader community to support students’ progress through schooling, and to provide them with rich learning, personal development and citizenship opportunities (p. 10) This statements shows use the main direction Australian government wants to cover in order to implement the reform. The understanding that the changes are really necessary and must be implemented faster has come earlier, but the main push which made Australian government to make serious steps was the National Curriculum Board Forum Into the Future . Many problems have been discussed while the forum, but the central point in the sphere of education was declared by Chris Wardlaw in his speech about Shaping the student of the future . The main idea of this speech was devoted to the principles of educational system in Hong Kong. He paid much attention to the learning reform which should be the heart of the educational reform in general. Chris Wardlaw said that the central changes should be devoted to the following:   * Students’ opportunities and capabilities should not be screened out too early,   * Primary school should be subject-based,   * People should be offered lifelong learning capabilities,   * Cultural and social values should be developed in students apart from the economical and political issues, etc. This forum has shown Australian government the results which other countries experience with the changing educational system. This forum can be considered as the main historical background which encouraged the country for serious changes in the educatio
Introduction Every employee becomes the face of the organization which they are part of, with all of their actions affecting the image of their firm in either a positive or a negative way. While the effect, which a junior staff member may have, could be less than that of a top manager or a CEO, it is still necessary to adhere to a strict code of conduct. Complying with pre-outlined communication rules allows avoiding easily foreseeable faux pas that may divert the attention of consumers from the business’ products to a competitor who may seem more cultured. Responding impulsively to outside queries regarding the company’s internal functioning could easily create a negative image of it, resulting in serious business repercussions (Lievens, 2017). Therefore, it is imperative to understand individual actions’ effect as an assistant to one of the managers of a major European luxury garment and accessories firm whom a documentary-maker has put into an uncomfortable position. Furthermore, this retrospection may allow devising alternate ways of behaving as a company. Effect on the Image of the Firm Responding to provocative comments in a way that the questioner anticipates could never be a sound idea, as it places the person who is answering in a helpless and cornered position. Thus, when acting as a company representative, which means all the time in a culture of corporate social responsibility (CSR), it is essential to recognize the extent to which the firm’s reputation may be affected (Pistoni, Songini, & Perrone, 2016). Responding rashly to provocative questions and slighting comments may create a negative view of the company through the attribution of personal characteristics to the company as a whole. While building a company’s image is a gradual process, and there are many steps before a business may encounter a point of crisis, lessening an enterprise’s prestige is an every-day possibility that is best avoided (Benoit, 2015; Lievens, 2017). Therefore, as a manager’s assistant and a higher-standing company staff member, it is imperative to prevent damage to the way consumers perceive the business, as this action could directly affect one’s workplace. If any damage is done to the reputation of a firm, despite all efforts, restoring people’s confidence in it may not be an effortless process. In the modern world, information becomes viral quickly and, thus, having concrete evidence of the interaction in the form of video and audio recordings, a filmmaker may control the presentation of the acquired information (Pistoni et al., 2016). While a company’s image is always changing, consciously manipulating it to suit potential advantages may be complicated (Lievens, 2017). Contemporary business is a fast-paced en
Introduction Background adaptation is the process of changing color to blend with the environment or to signal other animals. Lower vertebrates use melanophores to accomplish this process. Melanophores are specialized skin cells containing thousands of melanosomes. These are small membrane-enclosed organelles containing black or brown pigment melanin (Jayawickreme & Lerner n. d.). Melanosomes can aggregate at the cell center, making the cells look pale. Alternatively, they can disperse throughout the cell, making it dark. The transport of melanosomes is regulated by neuronal or hormonal external stimuli (Hedberg 2009). In the following experiments, the effects of different hormones were tested on the melanophore of the zebrafish. These experiments were aimed at illustrating the principles of cell surface receptors to signal transduction mechanisms. Methods Scales containing melanophores from the zebrafish were obtained from a salt solution. A 30µl of the salt solution was placed in a well on a glass slide and a scale was placed in the well, lying flat. At the beginning of the experiment, melanophores were observed using a light microscope. 7 to 10 melanophores on each scale were used to determine the state of dispersal or aggregation. Dispersal or aggregation was then qualitatively scored as follows: Dispersal 1(D1) – Small amount of dispersal, Dispersal 2 (D2)-Large amount of dispersal, Aggregation 1 (A1)-Small amount of aggregation and Aggregation 2 (A2)-Large amount of aggregation. In experiment 1, the saline solution was removed and replaced with 40µl of 10 -11 M MCH. Dispersal or aggregation of pigment granules was observed for more than two minutes and recorded. The MCH was then removed and replaced with a higher concentration of the same solution. This process was repeated in increasing concentrations as follows: 10 -11 M, 10 -10 M, 10 -9 M and 10 -8 M. In experiment II, adrenaline and isoprenaline were used. In the first trial, 10 -6 M of adrenaline was used and in the second trial, increasing concentrations were added as follows: 10 -8 M, 3 x 10 -8 M, 10 -7 M, 3 x 10 -7 M and 10 -6 M. Isoprenaline was then added in increasing concentrations as follows: 10 -7 M, 10 -6 M, 10 -5 M and 10 -4 M in the first trial. In trial 2, the effect of isoprenaline was observed in the presence of MCH and Fish Ringer (FR) on different scales. Using the dose that caused aggregation in experiment one (10 -6 M), maximum aggregation was allowed to occur. Thereafter, increasing isoprenaline doses were added on one scale. On another scale, FR was added instead of isoprenaline. In exp
This assessment on business ethics in Global Enterprises is designed to identify and understand the best ethical and critical decision making options, consequences and legal provisions on management process (Dienhart, 2000). Effective decisions would be useful for both the company and the working staff and amicable solution of any issues should be of great importance. Business ethics always contributes to either bad or good reputation of a company and this also applies to the Global Enterprise Company. Several global businesses including some of the major brands that the public normally uses in either way have violated this provision by not thinking rightly on the ethical business concerns and the binding laws. These businesses have been fined several millions for breaking these business ethical laws. To avoid such consequences, Global Enterprises as focused contractor and manufacturer, should consider the scenarios it is in order to find the best solution that is acceptable to the employees and the Union of Munitions and Armor Workers (UMAW). The Authentic Assessment Project (AAP) in this case analyses the scenarios presented that the GEI is facing. Identified Scenarios/Ethical Issues Employees of the company are registered members of the Union of Munitions and Armor Workers (UMAW). It is ethical to make decision that may not damage the reputation and good name of the company. Therefore, the most amicable way to deal with the employees who are under the umbrella of a union should be a sounding reason that befits the action against employees. It is automatic that the employees are enjoying the support of the union. Often, the union binds the company to fulfill the rights of the employees and that they must be always paid promptly including better working terms and conditions. This is very ethical for the union to act in the interest of its members (Shaw, 1999). It is not the problem of the employee, but a mistake of the managers who do not follow the provided laws to guide the business operations. In the labor market, unions and labor laws are provided, which must also be respected by the GEI. It is not a question of whether the company abides by the laws, but the effected action. Manufacturing
The article argues on the matter, that workers who have more control over their everyday activities and can do demanding work that they take pleasure in are likely to be in better physical condition, as innovative research offers. “The most significant finding is that creative activity helps people remain healthy,” stated lead researcher John Mirowsky, a sociology professor with the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. “Creative activity is non-routine, pleasant and offers an opportunity for studies and for resolving problems. People who perform that type of work, whether paid or not, feel better and have lesser physical troubles.” Although people who work renounce some self-determination, the research found that possessing a job leads to improved health. “One thing that shocked us was that the daily actions of employed individuals are more original than those of non-employed individuals of the same sex, age, and education,” Mirowsky stated. The research, which was published in the December 2007 issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior, entailed 2,592 adults who replied to a 1995 national telephone questionnaire; researchers chased respondents in 1998. The survey tackled general health, physical activity, how people spent their time every day, and whether there are employed, even if voluntary, offered them a chance to study new things or do things they take pleasure in. “The health benefit of being to some extent above standard in creative work versus being somewhat underneath standard is equal to being 6.7 years younger,” Mirowsky stated. It is also equivalent to two more years of study or 15 times greater family income, he concluded. Even though the authors did not study specific job locations that could confer this health benefit, professions regarded not to entail a “creative” setting were those such as meeting lines. Relatively, jobs that are high-status with administrative power or that require multifaceted work with data generally offer more admission to creative work. However, people with a broad variety of jobs direct to find ways to perform them creatively. Nevertheless, much of this study has been formerly issued in the Creativity Research Journal, because of the wide spectrum of researches brought together in this one matter. The technical language of lots of papers may dishearten the reader, and it would have been supportive for people new to the sphere to have short biographies of contributors. Nevertheless, in the final paragraph, which joins together lots of threads of investigation, it sounds like an emotional petition to everyone, which takes the conversation beyond education. It is argued for the requirement of supporting what is called a “cognizant evolution” by heartening originality in educational organizations and working to make the community more open-minded so that we might be in a better location to address global and ecological adversities.
Functionalism, Conflict Theory and Symbolic Interactionism Functionalism views homelessness as a social problem with dysfunctional and functional elements. The former includes several economic issues, and the latter involves increased social compassion and awareness and job-creation. For the conflict theory, homelessness is the concomitant factor of capitalism. Under this theory, many members of society believe that wealth must be achieved through education, hard work, and extra effort. Therefore, homeless people are perceived as unmotivated, uneducated, lazy, and willing to get care from others. The interactionist perspective studies how homeless people interact daily and how these understandings and interactions influence the way other people perceive them. Sociological Imagination According to sociological imagination, homelessness is a problem that interconnects public and personal concerns. In other words, homeless people are victims of both their own shortcomings and adverse global circumstances. For instance, it is possible to blame persons living on the streets for their situation as most of them likely made bad choices that lately influenced their lives. Some people consider homeless individuals unmotivated and unwilling to work and link their problems to these qualities or their past decision of not getting an education. However, several societal obstacles and factors can also lead to homelessness, namely, lack of family support, high housing costs, unemployment, and bad schools. Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Homelessness Overall, since public awareness is growing every year, attitudes towards homelessness are becoming more positive. Societies begin to realize that the growth of homelessness is partly their fault, and it is also their responsibility not to let this issue get worse. However, there are still many people who consider persons living on the streets to be drug addicts, alcoholics, lazy, dangerous, violent, and criminals. Some also believe that living such a life is a choice, and these persons only want to take advantage of the system and decent members of society. There are many more people who got rid of such prejudices, but these negative stereotypes still hurt the homeless. The Role of Culture Elements of culture have a significant influence on how people view homelessness. For example, social norms dictate people how to behave in the presence o
Introduction United Healthcare is one of the leading providers of health insurance in the United States. It has various insurance programs that it offers to its clients based on their needs and capacity. According to Ubokudom (2012), the Affordable Care Act 2010 has made health insurance one of the basic needs that every American should have in order to improve quality of health care services in the country. With the increasing population in the country, it is a fact that the demand for the services offered by United Healthcare is also on the rise. One of the issues that this organization should focus on following this growth in the market size should be its ability to meet the market needs. The firm should be able to handle the increased need for healthcare insurance among the American citizens. In this paper, the researcher will look at the readiness of United Healthcare in addressing the increasing healthcare needs among the American citizens in the next decade. Readiness of United Healthcare in Addressing Needs of Citizens in the Next Decade According to a report by Martin, Ehreth and Geving (2005), United Healthcare currently serves about 25 million Americans across many states within the United States. It has about 450 emplo
Engagement in an internship is helpful to the career development of a student. It enables students to deploy classroom experience to the real world environment. The main aim is to ensure that the student is capable of transiting and fitting into the workplace. During the student’s internship at the Ozdemirler Factory in Turkey, he or she was expected to take active roles in a learning process in areas relevant to my career. It is evident that the internship provided a crucial opportunity for the student to identify areas of organizational strength. However, the student should not utilize the opportunity to attempt to ridicule the organization. At the Ozdemirler Factory in Turkey, such an attempt would limit his or her levels of engagement between organizational staff and him or her. Hence, he or she would learn less as the organization offering the internship might view him or her as posing a threat to its way of doing work. Hence, issues touching on accountability and integrity of the organization do not rhyme well with the purpose for which the internship was conducted. Rather, the student’s goal should have been attempting to learn on the best practices for an organization so that he or she transfers the skills gained to the work environment when employed upon completion of his or her career. Such criticism is vital only in case a student is conducting research for the final course project. In light of the above arguments, there emerge questions of reliability and validity of the data collection tools deployed in the research. There is no description of the samples and the sampling techniques deployed to arrive at the data used to make inferences. Since the student was engaged in an internship, it is also questionable whether the information provided especially on matters relating to integrity and accountability of the organization was reliable. It is important to recognize and appreciate the research limitation. However, what is the importance of carrying out research having limitations that make research findings inappropriate for deployment in making inferences? Indeed, the claims and allegations made by the researcher on the accountability and integrity of the managers of Ozdemirler Factory are not backed by reliable audit reports showing discrepancies. There ought to have been one set of a report showing the actual and correct figures of the performance of the company and another set that is characterized by fraud and incorrect reporting. Otherwise, relying on the opinions and information provided by the staff stands as incorrect and inaccurate while supporting serious allegations such as accountability and integrity. Amid the criticisms of the research section, it