ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary Two companies, viz. the Etisalat and the Du, serve the UAE’s telecommunication industry. Etisalat has enjoyed a monopoly market since 1976. Du was launched in 2007, and this move has caused a steep subscriber drop for Etisalat. This paper examines the marketing strategies employed by the two companies in the UAE. The method used entails studying the information available in the magazines, promotional materials, website contents, and later interviewing customers randomly. The research has found that the two companies make strategies to beat each other. These strategies have been discussed in detail in this paper. The research has also found out that the objective of Etisalat in the market is to offer quality services while that of Du is to offer affordable services. Consequently, Du has low-priced products, and Etisalat does not reduce its prices as a competing strategy. Despite Du having lower prices, Etisalat remains the largest market shareholder in the industry. Introduction Only two telecommunications companies operate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The companies are the Etisalat and the Du. Etisalat enjoyed a monopoly in the telecommunication industry until Du launched its operation in early 2007. Nevertheless, Etisalat, which enjoys a market share of 80%, is the largest telecom in the UAE. Worldwide, Etisalat is the sixteenth largest telecommunications company. Mobile phone users in the UAE increased by a rate of 25.6 % every year, which beats the population growth of the country by four times (Business Monitor International, 2011). The competition between the two rival telecoms, viz. Etisalat and Du are seen through their increasing market share convergence. For instance, Du has expanded its market share from 2.4% to over 40% within four years. According to its CEO, the company intends to increase its mobile market share to exceed 50% within two to three years. The telecommunication sector in the UAE expects more segmentation in the future. The CEO further states that the domestic telecoms sector is expected to register the setup of new firms engaged in areas of digital services, digital content, and value-added services. The two telecoms shape their products and services to attract a large number of expatriates in the UAE. All the two operators have products targeting the residents with families and friends living abroad. These products are in the form of promotions based on international calling rates and messaging (Business Monitor International, 2011). The promotions may focus on religious festivals of certain groups or their traditional holidays. A good example is the Eid al-Adha festive season in November when the telecom operators reduce their rates (Kovacs, 2014). However, the two operators have permanent offers that allow subscribers to enjoy discounts on call rates to selected numbers. This feature includes both national and international options. These services have emerged due to an earlier decision by the Telecom
So, what is the secret of the building plan of the Propylaea at the Acropolis? First of all it is necessary to say that the central gates of Propylaea look symmetrically from a distance only. It is the so-called visual deception. The ground of Acropolic was rising, and for this reason, the process of construction was recognized to be very complicated. Because of the undulations of ground the porticoes had to be erected at different levels. One more point which is to be taken into consideration is related to the so-called Classical proportions. Because of the large height of the building the Doric columns diameters were too large to carry the weight of the roof. So, the main architect Mnesikles decided to replace the Doric columns by Ionic ones. The principal aim of the axial plan of the Propylaea was to impress people visually. For instance, one may draw his/her attention to the statement that “the impressive façade of the Acropolis entrance with the mighty six-columned portal of the Propylaea in the centre framed by two almost symmetrical wings lies inside the Beulé Gate” (Goette 17). Thus, one may affirm that the axial plan was worked out carefully to meet all necessary requirements. On the one hand, in our days the purpose to construct a building to impress people visually is considered to be obvious, however, at that time, religious and political aspects were of great importance. Thus, Hans Rupprecht Goette states the following: The architecture of the Propylaea was planned to impress the visitor, an obvious concept to us today, but an entirely new one then. Religious and political considerations are also responsible for some of the peculiarities of the building. For example, the extended ramp, which perhaps had grooves across the middle, was built with the Panathenaic Festival in mind (18). The idea to construct the entrance as the monumental edifice is not casual. If to look carefully on the plan of the building one may confirm the idea that “the entrance to the central temple of Athens is designed as a monumental edifice with façades which give the impression of a temple lying between two lateral projecting wings” (Goette 17-18). For this reason, it is obvious that the axial plan does not always create ritual space. To prove this let’s consider the following example: Opposite the Pinakotheke a symmetrically-shaped building was probably planned, for which there was finally no room due to the simultaneous construction of the Athena Nike Temple. For this reason the south-west wing was radically cut down from Mnesikles’ original plan and shortened (19). So, while working out a plan one must take into consideration the act of Providence. The above-mentioned example proves that there some circumstances which can impact on the building erecting process. Generally, the gates of the Acropolis impress by their beauty and remind us of Classical art as Goette states: This was a characteristic of Augustan art policy; there are copies not only of these decorative elements, but also, for example, of the Caryatids of the Erechtheion, on building projects of Augustus and of other rulers throughout the Roman Empire. Similarly, during th
Overview of President Bush’s actions   * George Bush was the most vocal promoter of military acts against Iraq thus spearheading its invasion.   * His actions prior and during this affront highlight his intentions to engage in war. Subsequently, Bush sought permission to engage in war through congress.   * Bush coerced states aligned to NATO to join the incursion.   * Bush lied on several occasions with respect to the actual state of affairs when put to task by regulatory authorities at an internal level (CNN, 2010).   * Bush misinterpreted preliminary report indicating the likely presence of such weapons.   * Bush believed he was restoring America’s supremacy. Current issues prior to the War against Iraq Bush initiated the war in order to make a statement about Americas might as a superpower after the radical attacks on 9/11. His desire to prove America’s supremacy was his main undoing. This is because it forced him into a series of erroneous judgments. These strategies eventually led to the unnecessary invasion of Iraq, which cost the country billions of dollars and lives of industrious service men. The most regrettable aftermath of this occurrence was the death of millions of civilians while others lost their homes (Chauhan, 2003). It is noteworthy that America participated actively in the crusade against terrorism. Moreover, it joined efforts with Israel to fight perpetrators of the heinous act. It is noteworthy that most of these perpetrators hailed from the Arab world. In addition, these attacks have prompted many heads of state to invest in fortification mechanisms for their countries. This is in a bid to minimize threats since such attacks might occur in the future. Consequently, several states established a tribunal to investigate the availability and circulation of illegal weaponry of mass obliteration. This team had the responsibility of establishing the most probable locations, which could house terrorists (Mahnken, 2007). President Bush, who persuaded America’s allies to join the warfare against Iraq, quickly took up a preliminary report that indicated the likely presence of lethal weapons in Iraq. This depicts poor judgment, since a leader in his position ought to have exercised patience and waited for the conclusion of investigation on the matter. This is prior to adopting
Introduction Medical science has already revealed methods to make the treatment process as much comfortable for the patient as possible. Indeed, these days even a visit to the dentist is quite a tolerable procedure, as there are psychological and physiological approaches to the matter, which allow patients to feel safe during the process. The treatment is usually divided into stages that include verification of the psychological problem and further proceedings with the patient in order to make him or her comfortable. This paper will review some of them and provide an example of a conversation between a patient and doctor. Managing Dental Fear / Anxiety In order to find out the most effective ways to cope with the patient’s dental fear, one might consider those methods which will be applicable in accordance with the state of a client. First of all, it is critical to outline the fundamental importance of procedures and interventions that are related to this sphere. The appearance of various complications if some condition is left untreated might contribute to the emergence of the need for more complex or painful procedures. For this reason, it is critical to address the dentist in time and eliminate fear. Another approach is the provision of patients with an opportunity to select among specialists. Availability of multiple options will have a positive impact on clients’ states as they will be able to cooperate with health workers they consider reliable or attractive to them. This approach shows a high level of effectiveness in various settings. Furthermore, many patients might have fear because of the loss of control. To mitigate this very feeling, there should be an opportunity to make pauses during any stage of treatment and availability of tools to inform about the deterioration of individuals’ state. It will help also help to provide patients with the guarantee of their safety and avoid anxiety or feelings of claustrophobia or similar undesired conditions. Finally, many patients state that they might feel embarrassed when dentists look in their oral cavity and investigate it. This fear can be mitigated by making a comparison between this and other clinical interventions that are offered with the primary aim to improve the quality of life. In such a way, using these measures, dental fears can be reduced, and patients will be able to enjoy a positive environment. Managing Dental Gagging Another undesirable effect of dental treatment is gagging, which might affect the result of doctor’s work. In order to restrict its negative influence, the doctor, as well as the patient, might follow the below-given pieces of advice.  1. The doctor may apply an isolating interlayer called cofferdam to reduce the negative impact of instruments on the oral mucosa.  2. The patient is recommended to take herbs an
Over the past two decade, China has emerged as the most important emerging economy in the world. The economic development of the country has attracted significant attention to its many other attractions including its numerous tourist sites. Many people have come to discover that the country offers many fascinating views for the tourist. The capital city of China is Beijing, a city that has a long and rich history. The city has many historical and cultural attractions that would appeal to the visitor. There are many fascinating sites that will impress a person including the Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, and the Temple of Heaven. Beijing is a crowded city and one can compare its heavy traffic flow to that of New York. However, it is easy to navigate around this city by use of the modern subway system. The Beijing subway offers a convenient and relatively cheap means of traveling while in the city. While moving around the city, you will encounter numerous stalls selling the delicious Beijing duck snacks. You should not leave the city without trying this enticing delicacy. The two major sites that you must visit during your two-week vacation are the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. The Great Wall of China is arguably the country’s most famous tourist attraction. This imposing wall is located in the Northern part of the country and it stretches for an impressive 6,700 kilometers. The Chinese refer to it as the “10,000-li Great Wall” (Fang 13). Many tourists are intrigued by how the Ancient Chinese were able to construct this massive wall. Historians reveal that the wall has a history of about 2000 years and it was constructed by different dynasties between 7BC and 14AD (Fang 13). The wall has become a defining symbol of China’s proud history as well as its present strength. Visitors to the Great Wall are allowed to climb it at certain sections of the wall. There are staircases and passageways that make the climbing process easy and safe. From the top of the wall, one is able to enjoy the expansive natural scenery spread out below. The other major site that one must visit is the famous Forbidden City, which is officially called the Palace Museum. This vast and impressive palace is located at the center of Beijing. The Forbidden City has a rich history, as it was the extravagant palace used as the official home to many Chinese Emperors. Emperors from the Ming and Qing Dynasties used this palace, which is the largest and most complete ancient wooden-structure building complex in the world. Knell documents that the Palace Museum houses a vast collection of imperial art treasures (150). The impressive imperial throne, which was the center of China’s administration in the monarchial era, can be seen in the Palace Museum. In addition to these two major sites, you can also visit the Tiananmen Square, which is one of the largest city squares in the world. At this site, you can purchase kites and fly them in the square. You can also visit the Bird Nest, the name given to China’s impressive National Stadium. This stadium is regarded as an engineering marvel and it is the largest steel structure every constructed.
Efficiency and trustworthiness of communication are highly influenced by the nature of the existing relationship. While close relationships could help foster effective communication, failure to ensure that the information being communicated is objective, timely, and well encoded could result in poor communication. Ineffective communication often goes unnoticed. A close relationship is often interpreted by people to mean that communication between the parties concerned is effective. Sole (2001) is of the opinion that the existence of close relationships makes the sender of information not to be focused on conceptualizing the exact manner in which the information being communicated would be decoded and understood by the receiver. The greatest challenge that hinders effective communication among people who relates well is making the weird assumption that such a relationship will automatically translate to clear conceptualization of the information being communicated (HealthDay, 2011). One such instance happened in a situation where a close friend winked at me in an attempt to signal me not say what he believed I wanted to say in response to a question that had been directed to me in a meeting. Presumably, the friend intended to tell me not to provide an answer to a question that had just been asked about the misappropriation of funds by another friend. Unfortunately, having been used to the fact that the friend often winked at me when giving me a go ahead to do something, I went ahead to tell the truth to the committee members on the matter. The events that ensued were very disastrous as the friend who had misappropriated the money was expelled from the group. Had proper communication been undertaken, the issue would have been addressed through a more constructive and objective approach. To avoid a repeat of such an episode, the choice of clear, universal, and easy to interpret communication approaches should always be done. To foster effective communication and interpretation of nonverbal communication mechanisms, people should never assume that mutual relationships and interests automatically translate to clear understanding the information being communicated. As evidenced in my scenario, people in close relationships could be tempted to assume or exaggerate the information being communicated based on both their past experiences in life and their daily interactions (Sole, 2011; HealthDay, 2011). In the event that such an unfortunate incidence happens again, instant explanation should be given so as to avoid possible misjudgment and severe repercussions. This will help to make communication clearer and thus eliminate poor judgment and making of unwarranted and detrimental assumptions. It would also help to ensure that people in close relationships understand each other’s perspective by eliminating the “illusion of insight” and being more focused on establishing actual conceptualization of the i
Intellectual Property Four types of intellectual property exist, and these are patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets (Whitman & Mattord, 2011). The patent is a document provided by a government to a person who gains exclusive rights to use an innovation or innovations in any way. Copyright is a right to “original works of authorship” that can be literary and musical works, software, a piece of art (as cited in Reporting intellectual property crime , 2013). Trademark is a name or a symbol as well as a combination of these that can be by a person in commerce. A trade secret is a practice, method, pattern and so on that is used in an organization, and that is used as a competitive advantage. Threats to Intellectual Property Theft is one of the major threats to intellectual property, and cyberinfrastructure should be used to protect it from unauthorized use (Eastton & Taylor, 2011). Data associated with the intellectual property can be stolen and sold on the black market. Thus, people will gain profit and can even harm the use of the products under the copyright. For example, a low-quality copy of a product can make people dislike the original item. It can also be used in various criminal activities (like drug trafficking or international terrorism). Cyber Assets Intellectual property is largely stored in the same way as any other types of data, but since it is highly valued the level of protection should be high. Servers and storing devices used to store the data should be equipped with efficient defense in depth applications (Eastton & Taylor, 2011). This software eliminates the threat of the unauthorized use of data. DMCA The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (which was introduced in 1998) is concerned with various issues related to the copyright in the digital world and cyberspace (Dratler & McJohn, 2016). One of the aims of this act is to align the US copyright regulations with laws existing in other countries. Thus, the US law is consistent with various international regulations, which is crucial for multinationals as well as citizens who may have business interests abroad or run a business in other countries. Import & Export Laws The modern business world is globalized, and people do business and share intellectual property regardless of geographic boundaries. Therefore, the development of and compliance with sound import and export laws is essential for intellectual property protection (Whitman & Mattord, 2011). Companies should b
Prisons are some of the fastest expanding facilities in the world. Their prevalence has created the need to implement the most effective correction strategies that will improve the attitudes of the prisoners while reducing crime rates. The focus is gradually shifting from the custody employees to psychologists, teachers, and unit managers (Garland, McCarty, & Zhao, 2009). The following discussion evaluates the characteristics of forensic populations, treatment options, and the actualization of professional goals. The forensic populations are involuntary clients because they do not have control over the treatment options provided. The facilities identify the best treatment options for the prisoners without requiring approval or promises of commitment. According to Jeglic, Maile, and Calkins-Mercado (2011), the forensic populations include violent offenders, sexual and intimate, juvenile, mentally challenged, and female offenders. Every category has unique behavioral patterns and attitudes. The violent offenders constitute the largest percentage of prisoners with extreme hostility, defiance, and anger (Hanser, Mire, & Braddock, 2011). Denial and low self-disclosure characterize the behaviors of intimate and sexual offenders. Additionally, they have serious psychological issues that include mood swings, stereotyped attitudes, and resistance to change. The juvenile population comprises the offenders below 18 years. Most of them have cognitive impairments and psychological traits that are shaped by family backgrounds and childhood experiences. Female offenders have specific treatment needs because of their unique life experiences. Some of the experiences include childcare, pregnancy, and gender-specific regulations. The characteristics of the forensic populations have direct and indirect effects on my professional practice. The unique demands from each group affect my anger management capabilities and communication skills. In fact, every group requires a personalized approach. Whereas the violent group requires effective anger management skills, the juvenile population requires the application of parenting skills. The understanding of these populations helps to identify the skills gaps that should be addressed to enhance efficiency. The forensic institutions have various risks that should be addressed by improving the relationships between the inmates and staff. The uniqueness of the populations evokes the need to evaluate the decision-making capabilities, general life skills, and interpersonal behaviors. The treatment strategies must incorporate specific interventions that will address the behavioral and psychological wellbeing of prisoners (Hanser