ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Performance management includes the steps, measures or actions taken to ensure goals are accomplished or targets are met in an organization, institution, a group etc. it may also include the process of building a product or a service. Performance management when carried out appropriately helps employees know that their efforts are recognized and acknowledged (Neal, 2002). Performance management is a continuous process of interaction and discussion between the management or supervisor and the employees. It is a continuous communication process, which includes identifying and setting targets/goals, obtaining feedback and evaluating the results. Effective Performance management Effective performance management requires that a foundation be set to reward good work and motivation to the employees or workers. This can be done through:   * Explaining the link or rather the connection between individual employee works efforts with the institution or organization’s objectives – The employees should understand how each person’s input contributes to the organization’s wellbeing.   * Focusing on setting very clear targets – Targets are the performance expectations. Targets help employees get to know what is actually expected of them and work towards it (Mannix, 2005).   * Apart from the laid down performance expectations, the employees should be encouraged to set targets for themselves. Personal targets would ensure eventual attainment of the company’s target.   * Setting performance dimensions, setting work standards and use of objectives – This provides the organization or department have a concrete rationale on what needs to be done and what needs to be done away with. This provides a useful platform for the elimination of the non-important segments of work and helps maintain focus on the essential parts.   * Regular updates and discussions – This includes regular performance assessment discussions in order to identify shortcomings or problem earlier enough and devise ways of alleviating them. This may include changing the course of an operation just to avoid an indicated future problem.   * Coming up with an effective management procedure is quite demanding in terms of time and the workers – It is also a motivator, helps the organization set goals and employees abilities be recognized in relation to their target attainment. Steps to successful performance management Planning Drawing a plan is very important since a plan works as the guideline and the basis of operation. Planning should be based on performance expectations, which entail results plus actions (Dick, 1992). A plan should also be written and verifiable. The written plan should be understood mutually by the employees. Performance expectations Results are calculated with th
Introduction Epoxies as polymeric materials have been known for quite a while and applied successfully to create strong adhesives (Quan et al. 4493). That being said, epoxies also have disadvantages such as low levels of fracture toughness (Chen et al. 4276). By adding core-shell rubber (CSR) particles (Quan and Ivankovic 16) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one will be able to address the identified problems and improve the quality of the adhesive (Zakaria et al. 57). Therefore, exploring the options that CSR and CNTs have to offer is crucial. History Epoxy resin has been used in engineering as a “matrix for polymer composites” (Zakaria et al. 57) for a significant period. However, with the discovery of nanoparticles, new opportunities have been opened. The introduction of CSR and CNTs into the structure of epoxies allows enhancing their properties considerably, therefore, opening a plethora of opportunities for improving the quality of products (Gojny et al. 2370). Strength Increase Quan et al.’s study show that nanotubes and the epoxy matrix allow for building a very strong matrix (Quan et al. 4497-4498). Furthermore, cavitated CSR nanoparticles allow for the creation of a shear band and the increase in the shear band zone, therefore, preventing the increase in the fragility of the material. The introduction of the said elements to the epoxy also results in a drop in the MWCNT’s mobility, as the study results show. Thermal and Dielectric Properties’ Improvement An increase in the tensile and flexural strength of epoxy after the incorporation of CSR and CNTs into its structure was reported by Zakaria et al. (61) in their study of the subject matter. Therefore, the mechanical properties of epoxy improve greatly with the addition of the said elements. Furthermore, the levels of thermal stability are enhanced in epoxy with the help of CSR and CNTs (Zakaria et al. 60-61). Durability Gojny et al. (2366-2367) state that the stiffness and resistance to fractures can be increased in epoxy to a considerable extent once nanotubes are incorporated into its structure. Therefore, the general durability levels rise significantly with the increase in the amount of CSR and CNTs added to the solution. Cavitation and Particle-Matrix Debonding There is also evidence that the use of CSR and CNTs allows for a debonding and bridging resin particles in a manner that contributes to the enhancement of epoxy’s properties. The cavitation process creates a structure that triggers the debonding process (Lu et al. 3055). S-CSR Particles: Toughening The use of CSR and CNTs triggers an impressive enhancement of the compressing properties of epoxy. Chen et al. (4283) explain that cryogenic temperature rises as nanotubes are incorporated into the structure of epoxy. As a result, epoxy toughens. Shear Band Yielding and Plastic Void Growth Finally, one must bring up the fact that the shear band yielding of epoxy increases as CSR and CNTs are added to it. The identified phenomenon is achieved by achieving plastic void growth (Quan and Ivankovic 17). Thus, CSR and CNTs must be viewed as compounds that allow improving the qu
Introduction The war on illicit substances is a global initiative intended to eliminate the burdens associated with drug supply, sale, possession, and use. It is vital to note that castigatory policies are informed by the deontological idea that the use of certain drugs is morally reprehensible and perpetrators must be punished (Holland, 2020). The aforementioned policies are further guided by the belief that the substances in question have the potential to cause harm to users. However, the misguided notion that anything with the potential to cause harm is immoral has led to the limited effectiveness of punitive policies with regard to the reduction of the negative impacts of drug use. This literature review will demonstrate the ineffectiveness of the UK’s current war on drugs and propose mechanisms through which outcomes can be improved. The UK’s insistence on implementing punitive rather than liberal drug policies is the main reason the war on drugs has negatively impacted the lives of its residents. Methodology The identification of credible sources that highlight relevant issues with regard to the war on drugs in the UK was the primary objective. A total of twelve sources from specific databases such as the House of Commons Library, the AlJazeera News Network, Google Scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals were identified. A specific set of criteria was then used to select articles relevant to the literature review. The articles had to b
The critical task of healthcare administrators is to manage hospitals or healthcare organizations. To become a qualified specialist, an administrator should possess a wide range of knowledge in healthcare and management. Therefore, this profession is rather complex and multidimensional. A significant role in the development of healthcare manager skills is played by mentors and work experience. The current essay discusses these two elements of healthcare administrators career development and analyzes the growth of healthcare managers in various areas of the public health system. Mentors play a crucial role in developing professionals in any field because these are the people who communicate their extensive knowledge and rich experience to their wards. Besides, mentorship per se is essential for a novice specialist because it gives a chance to become a member of a vast professional network and acquire valuable acquaintanceships. The recent study conducted by Henry-Noel et al. (2019) reveals that the assistance of an effective mentor is an indispensable part of a young specialists career success. At this point, it is essential to mention that not every reputable expert in healthcare could become a decent mentor. According to Henry-Noel et al. (2019), the effectiveness of a coach depends on his or her type of personality, ability to be a good listener, and “understanding the mentees’ body language and messages that are not explicitly communicated” (p. 631). In addition to that, a good mentor should be “available and approachable” (Henry-Noel et al., 2019, p. 631). An effective mentor should be a highly qualified specialist in the sphere of healthcare who possesses good communication skills and is willing to help the mentees. Without a doubt, if a beginner is lucky enough to become a mentee of a mentor who fits the description provided above, this would have a strong positive effect on his or her professional development and, hence, her overall career success. More precisely, the already mentioned study of Henry-Noel et al. (2019) shows that mentoring has a positive correlation with an increased mentees “career satisfaction and a higher rate o
The findings made in a community assessment report in New Albany, Mississippi, paint a very grim picture of the situation public health in the region. According to the report, it is apparent that the problem of obesity and associated chronic illnesses is predominant in the community. The preceding community survey indicates that a large number of the community members exhibit unhealthy body weights. The unhealthy body weights increase their risk to other serious conditions, such as cardiac arrests and diabetes. It is reported that the community hospital receives patients on a daily basis. The patients are seeking medical assistance as a result of obesity and other related disorders and conditions. The conditions range from high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and pulmonary disorders. The conditions are prevalent in the community and they are on the rise. The prevalence of the conditions is despite the fact that there are health facilities in the community. The health facilities are well equipped and have the capacity to handle such situations. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made efforts to define obesity in the context of public health. The organization defines the condition as a disorder characterized by excess body fats. The condition is widely associated with increased risk or susceptibility to diseases (Frank & Wien, 2010). In addition to the definition provided by WHO, there is another conceptualization of the condition, which is more technical. The definition conceptualizes the condition in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI). A person with a BMI of 30 or above is considered as obese (Kirby, Liang, Chen & Wang, 2012). Body Mass Index is computed using the weight and height of the person. It is defined as body weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters (Kirby et al., 2012). It is a fact that this interventional program focuses on New Albany City community. However, it is important to note that the problem of obesity among the US population is becoming a major health issue in the country. Kirby et al. (2012) assert that the prevalence of obesity and other related chronic illnesses in the last few decades is one of the major health problems in the US. The issue of obesity as a major health problem is made worse by its prevalence among children. It is also made worse by the associated costs incurred by the society. According to Zhu and Thoms (2013), the prevalence of obesity among children in the country has doubled in the past two decades. The problem is especially prevalent among children aged between 6 to 11 years. Within the same period, the prevalence of the condition has tripled among the adolescents [those aged between 12 and 19 years] (Zhu & Thoms, 2013). Kline (2009) further indicates that 17% of children aged between 2 and 19 years in the country are overweight. The situation makes the problem a national epidemic. From the discourse above, it is apparent that obesity is a critical health issue in the US. The situation is critical not only amongst the adult population, but also among children. It goes against the Healthy People 2020’s national goals and objectives.
Introduction St. Aiden Hospital is having a motivational problem at work. Consequently, nurses at have adopted a work-to-rule protest. They are not doing any tasks beyond the minimum set standards in their letters of contracts. They are also following the rules of safety as in their manuals to the letter so as to create job slowdown. Nurses have refused to answer phone calls, work overtime, travel on duty or sign up any other tasks outside their job descriptions. An investigation into the issue links the problems to management meddling into nurses’ duties by taking their roles of recording and keeping patients’ medical symptoms. They also talked of monotony, absent of job feedback and lack of decision-making capabilities. Subsequently, they resorted to work-to-rule protest in order to address their grievances. Application of job characteristics theory Nurses lacked job autonomy. They do not have a sense of personal feelings to the job. Therefore, they do not own job results. This happens because the hospital management is taking the key roles of nurses such as recording patients’ medical conditions and history and keeping the records. Nurses also ca
Introduction Success of a firm’s productivity depends on organization of the human resource management. Reflectively, labour as a factor of production, determines the gross output, performance, and goal achievement at optimal resource use. The Virgin Blue Pharmaceutical store has been struggling with human resource management problem as a result of employee motivation and compensation weaknesses. In implementing flexibility policy, it is important to consider budget constraint. This analytical treatise attempts to present a comprehensive employee compensation plan targeting the ten employees of the pharmaceutical store. Besides, the treatise offers a work breakdown structure in addition to a communication plan for the project. The employee compensation plan The Virgin Blue store has ten employees. The store department has two employees while the administration section has five employees. On the other hand, the sales department has two employees. Reflecting on Lewin’s three step theory, the unfreezing, transformation, and refreezing determine the level of performance in an organization. According to this theory, the first step involves realization that a challenge exists in the organization. The second step involves transformation of this challenge into a development goal after which implementation step concludes by developing a solution for the challenge (Dubrin 2008). The best way to motivate the Virgin Blue employees is by giving them responsibilities for achieving something and the authority to do it in their own way. Through this approach, employees will be empowered and they will feel trusted and valued by the management personnel and the company. Naturally, human beings would wish for motivation through mutual consent and internalised empowerment and appreciation. Empowerment unleashes plenty of energy and motivation. Reflectively, the motivation and energy aspects of appreciation function simultaneously at micro and macro levels to facilitate optimal functionality or productivity (Modaff, DeWine, and Butler, 2008). Empowering the employees will ensure a stable and sustainable win-win situation as employees will be motivated to work without much supervision from the management or their supervisors. Job testing is an important concept in the discipline of Human Resource Management in job selection process, especially in hiring candidates for specific job descriptions. Getting the right individuals for employment is critical to achievement of an organization’s goals. In fact, comprehensive and unprejudiced details of applicants’ competence and behaviour would be an important value in the testing for selection procedure, especially to employers who provide job description to applicants. As opined by Maslow, in the hierarchy of needs theory, “primary needs are basic before tertiary needs and must be addressed in that order” (Battilana and Casciaro, 2012, p. 36). The needs include safety, physical needs, love, self esteem, and room for actualisation. Job satisfaction is as a result of a systematic and continuous environmental and personality interaction that fosters the right attitude as indicated
Abstract The report introduces the case study where a new location-based marketing service is discussed. It is a large-scale service that helps advertisers to attract the attention of many potential consumers regarding their age, gender, and interests. The paper summarises the peculiarities of the program and answers four questions with the help of which the chosen concept may be better understood. It is proved that targeted marketing and location-based marketing, in particular, helps to meet the needs of consumers and pay more attention to their personal information in order to choose the most appropriate services, discounts, and goods. Due to the fact that the O2 scheme can work on any mobile phone, there is no necessity to install different programs or buy special smartphones. This is why any business can benefit considerably from the services discussed in the case study, and its evaluation makes this novelty available to people from different countries. Summary of the Case The case study under analysis introduces a new technology based on the 02 scheme and describes its peculiarities. The main idea of the work is a large-scale, location-based service that aims at delivering targeting marketing to a variety of mobile devices (O2, 210). The point is that targeted marketing is a crucial part of business nowadays. Many organisations try to improve their work and services in accordance with consumer demands, technological progress, and expectations. The concept of targeted marketing is powerful indeed; it is based on such factors like age, gender, preferences, interests, etc. that have to be given by consumers on their own will. Still, the application should provide its potential users with the opportunities to share or hide their personal information as well as to opt-in or out any time they want. The location-based feature of marketing is all about the ability to find the right person at the right place at the right time in order to make the right purchase. This search and choice should take much time. This is how the O2 idea of targeted marketing through location-based services is described in the case study and how it can actually work. People share their personal information. On the basis of this information, they are chosen for SMS delivery by means of a geofencing technology (O2, 2010). The examples of Placecast and AdLocal companies are used to explain how the local-based service can be helpful or, vice versa, harmful. The point is that even new ideas and improvements can be characterised by a number of unexpected challenges and problems. Therefore, it is necessary to think about the filtering items and the conditions under which consumers can be added to the existing system. The analysis of mobile phones’ usage in Japan, Europe, and the United States shows that not all people around the whole globe are eager to use SMS on a regular basis (Radwanick, 2010
Introduction In 1989 Mahfouz published a collection entitled “The False Dawn” with nearly thirty short stories. “Half a day” (“Nif Yawm”) is one of the stories. The story is set in Egypt. It begins with a father taking his son on his first day of school. While the boy is somewhat proud about wearing his new school uniform, he doubts whether being sent off to school is a kind of punishment for taking him away from his mother and home. The father tries to explain to him as they walk along a garden-lined street that school is not a punishment but a place where boys are transformed into useful men. The school is the metaphor for the world outside the home. “Today you truly begin life,” the father says. The school seems like a grim fortress to the boy. He is encouraged to enter school by his father, who promises to wait for him at the gate to take him home at the end of the day. The experiences of the speaker in this story begin to resemble life from here on. School day The boy goes through the gate, feeling lost and unknown. Any person entering a new phase in life is likely to feel so lost. One of his new acquaintances tells him his father is dead. This is the first exposure for the boy. He realizes that people carry greater sorrows than his own. The woman in the school spells the metaphor for life clearly when she tells the children that this is their new home and that they will find mothers and fathers here, as well as good things related to knowledge and religion. She also encourages them to face their experiences joyfully without tears – so much like the moral education, we receive in real life. The boy describes school day as a period of submitting to facts, with the act of submission bringing a kind of happiness. Life is truly driven by realities and only by accepting these realities, we can acquire happiness. The school day, like a miniature form of life, buzzes with activities such as forming relationships, playing games, learning music, acquiring knowledge, and developing religious beliefs.. As the day wears on, there is change and unpleasant incidents happen. Even the loving woman, who spoke to the children initially, turns angry, scolds them, and punishes them physically. This reminds us that change happens continuously in life – and people do change during life, sometimes being hardened by their experiences. Realizing that he cannot go back home, the boy begins to view life as a period of struggle and perseverance. This indicates that individuals who feel trapped in their lives cannot enjoy life. It’s all a question of attitude. The boy also notes that there are students who can take advantage of opportunities for success and happiness that present themselves throughout the day. In life, there are opportunities for all but only those who are positive-minded can convert them to their advantage. When the school day finally ends, the boy does not find his father waiting at the gates as promised. He walks alone. So often in life, people whom we depend on suddenly leave us due to death, or transfers, or sickness. We are then forced to walk alone. Life on the lonely track is different. This is metaphorically shown by the f