ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gendered behavior denotes fundamental expressions of gender socialization and identity through an individual’s various developmental phases. Thus, gendered behaviors refer to the ways persons behave according to their respective male or female genders (Au & Rudolfsdottir, 2021). One of the prominent gendered behaviors instilled in me during childhood was that women are the primary cooks in the home. Hence, from childhood, I learned how to prepare food for the family, unlike most male relatives around. Even the movies mostly depicted women as the cooks in the home. Perhaps the gendered role that I quickly adopted/ accepted from childhood was the idea that women are natural caregivers. The function depicted women as noble people who consider the plight of others in the home and society and consistently seek to alleviate suffering. Women are warm, nurturing, and caring. Thus, many regarded professions that require empathy like nursing and teaching to the women’s domain. The idea that women are more humane and caring appealed to me and caused me to accept the role. In my mind, the part admitted what many would prefer to ignore/ deny: women play critical roles in retaining sanity in the world. For me, the role meant that women could play vital functions in stemming the tide of oppression, suffering, and cruelty evident even from childhood. Therefore, the idea that women are more caring and naturally nurturing appealed to me because it placed the gender on a nobler pedestal. Despite the perceived nobility of the gendered role that women are more nurturing and caring, specific adverse consequences emerged regarding employment opportunities, as previously highlighted. In many ways, many subsequently considered women to be unfit for specific job descriptions like piloting, engineering, and doctors, which were better paying (Samidha, 2019). On the other hand, societies restricted women to courses like nursing and teaching. Most patients assume women caregivers to be nurses rather than doctors in the care centers. Hence, the role may cause conflicts when deciding on career opportunities.
Introduction Transforming Trauma: a Guide to Understanding and Treating Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse is a book written by Anna C. Salter, an offender therapist, who collected the existing knowledge on the subject providing new tools, perspectives, and approaches to the problem. The book provides a profound analysis of both the micro and the macro context of molestation and attempts to incorporate the obtained knowledge into a practical therapy. Salter not only describes and explains the experience of the victim but also gives an insight into the psychology of the offender, which allows the reader to view the problem from a different angle. This awareness of the processes happening in the abuser’s mind is essential for providing a comprehensive abuse-focused therapy as it allows the therapist to understand what traumas the survivor must have received judging by the condition of the offender. Moreover, Salter recognizes and struggles against the tendency of the observers to blame either the offender or the victim separately. Analysis The major novelty of the book is the way it expands our understanding of sexual abuses. The author steps aside from the commonly accepted perception of the offender as a maniac or a beast. Salter suggests approaching both the victim and the survivor therapeutically. She claims that it would be insufficient to study only one perspective of the crime. The human society, though it wants to stay detached from the atrocities of sexual crimes is hardly different from the parties directly involved in them. Salter promotes the idea of savagery and vulnerability that coexist in our nature. Although she does not express any sympathy to molesters, she still manages to achieve an understanding of their motifs that become evident in the course of treatment. The ultimate goal of the book is to destroy the horrifying illusion that the trauma children receive is the making of an unearthly monster, whose actions can be neither justified nor even explained. The author starts her speculations upon the essence of the problem and its possible treatment with the introduction of the existing approaches. The conclusions she makes can be summarized as follows:   * the treatments of sex offenders and survivors of child sex abuse are currently polarized and have very few points of tangency;   * the nature of contact between the offender and the therapist is drastically different from the one established between the therapist and the victim;   * aversive conditioning technique is the most commonly used practice with child molesters; they are often forced to take polygraph and plethysmograph tests and obey fully to the therapist’s requirements at the risk of imprisonment in case of misbehavior;   * trust relationships are rare and replaced by external observation;   * the basic technique of treating adult survivors is confirmation: its goal is to reduce the shame instead of cultivating it;   * offender and survivor therapists cannot provide effective monitoring of their patients unless
Introduction The Middle East is currently one of the growing economies in the world. The growth has led to expansion in its market share and trading regions. Some of the regions that have attracted the interest of the UAE include Latin America. With its wealth of minerals and arable land, the region has attracted the interest of several countries in the Middle East. Due to the interest, some leaders have become guests of the region and most of them have signed various accords and memorandums. Although China is a dominant trading partner in Latin America, the entry of the UAE may challenge its dominance.
Introduction: The Study of Anthropology Anthropology is a study, which focuses on humanity as a system of interrelations between and cultural systems. Specifically, the discipline focuses on the complexity of human cultures. The first use of the word “anthropology” dates back from the period of the Renaissance. The primary employment of the term referred to the overview of holism as a sphere of human experiences. The target of anthropology is a human body and its constituent parts. One differentiates several types of anthropology, according to the central focus of the discipline. In this study, the process of the development of complex discipline is elaborated as well as the theory of holism, politics, and the policy of anthropology are overviewed. The Development of Anthropological Process The origins of anthropological development stem from the studies of Charles Darwin, who elaborated on the theory of evolutionism based on comparing human body and intellectual improvement to the development of animal species. Later on, the discipline of anthropology was contemplated from Modernist psychology, which evolved in the works by Theodor Waitz, who developed the first social anthropology. This type of holism study focused on the inner nature of human existence. In the 20 th and 21 st centuries, the discipline of anthropology became deeply rooted in the domain of education. People started overtaking the tools and techniques of anthropology to accomplish specific tasks human-related problems. Under the influence of academic excellence, the discipline split into several thematic fields such as sociocultural, biological, linguistic, and archeological anthropologies. Besides, today, the historians differentiate the concept of developmental anthropology, which may be applied to different anthropological perspectives of multidimensional branches of science (Wilk, 2002). Anthropological Theories In the course of the disciplinal development, the study of holism introduced several different theories such as evolutionism, historical particularism, culture and personality theory, cultural materialism, feministic explanations, and some others (Diah, Hossain, Mustari, & Ramli, 2014). The theory of evolutionism focuses on the scientific development of social development. Later on, the spiritual bonds of social elaboration were improved, within which the theory targeted philosophical insights into human nature as well as knowledge systems, beliefs, etc. Therefore, evolutionism embraced an orientation on individual relations within a large matrix of human experiences (Farmer, 2003). The theory of historical particularism evolved as a criticism of evolutionism, for the latter put a strong emphasis on cultural distinctions of human development while the former identified that there were no e
Introduction Robotic technologies develop every day with an increasing pace. In machine industries, robots have been used for decades. However, their capabilities surpass the needs of an assembly line. Nowadays, mechanic laborers can take jobs in any professional sphere. People use robots in agriculture, building, packaging, medicine, and food production. There are even mechanical singers and musicians. Technologies get cheaper every day what leads to the wide spread of robots. Company owners are willing to let robots do the job because mechanical laborers do not ask for salaries and never get tired. According to the recent evaluations, robots can replace around 35% of human jobs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of robots on the labor market, their influence on the employment rates and economy, and explore possible cooperation of robots and humans. Jobs for Robots The lack of human resources in the middle of the 20 th century and the development of industrial technologies led to the appearance of robots. People used mechanical laborers on assembly lines and in work with potentially dangerous objects. Siciliano and Hatib claim that “the early robots built in the 1960s stemmed from the confluence of two technologies: numerical control machines for precise manufacturing, and teleoperators for remote radioactive material handling (2). Since then, robots developed on a daily basis to penetrate every sphere of human activity. Nowadays, people use mechanical laborers not only in the industries, but also in various other spheres. Robots help to grow fruits and vegetables, milk cows, construct houses, make surgery, cook meals, prepare items for shipping, and explore the world. Advantages of Robots The advantages of mechanical laborers are widely known among the employers. Owners of big and small companies use robots because they ask only for regular maintenance. A mechanical laborer will not demand monthly salary and extra holidays. Industrial robots can work twenty-four hours seven days in a week. Due to the latest designs, they rarely make mistakes with correct setup and settings. It is easy to discern and eliminate the reasons for failure in the work of robots. Robots can work in the chemical industry, dealing easily with dangerous toxins. It is possible to reassign a robot for a different
In a fast paced competitive world of a multiple of career options, traditional families are being replaced by nuclear families leading to fragmentation of the cohesive social structure. The immediate negative fall out of this social change is felt significantly by the elderly. With advances in medicine, life expectancy of humans has increased. In the US, according to Chapin (2002), “By the year 2030, the number of persons 65 or older is expected to more than double to 66 million, or one in five Americans”. It is this old and ageing population which due to age-old held beliefs is being discriminated and targeted by the young and the working adults. Old people are generally considered as a burden, redundant section of the population, fit only to be put away out of sight, in old age homes and institutions. For the economically depressed ethnic groups, scarce resources translate into outright neglect of the elderly. Disrespect and disregard for the aged is especially prevalent among the African-American and the Hispanic populations. A 1990 Census found that 10.1% of older Anglos living in poverty, 33.8% of elderly African-Americans lived in poverty as did 22.5% of older American-Indians (Chapin 2002). Such a view is now being challenged by many people. According to Hooyman and Kiyak (1992), “the emergence of age based advocacy groups and increased political activity of older adults in the past 50 years have changed not only public perceptions but also policies and programs such as social security and medicare.” The elderly are now being empowered to lead a more productive life due to some positive governmental action which in the long run will bring in helpful social changes. Social discrimination of the aged in all aspects of life will diminish in future with these actions.
Introduction: New Media and Its Potential The third millennium has definitely brought many innovations to enjoy, and the Internet has become by far the most valuable of them. However, in the online sphere, a number of ownership issues arises. Because of the seeming availability of the online information, the copyright infringements become highly likely to occur. It can be assumed that in ten years from now, in 2023, only a reasonable legislation concerning the new types of media can help people retain their ownership of specific virtual property. Concerning the Possible Ownership Issues in 2023: A Prospective Look Despite the fact that ten years is enough for the world to change to the point where it becomes hardly recognizable, some issues concerning copyrighted information and ownership will remain in the same spot where they are now, in 2013. However, with the ten-year innovations, these problems can grow greatly. Social networking and the accessible information Because of the growing impossibility to control the content that the users upload in the blogosphere, it is highly likely that in the future, some users will simply copy a specific picture/video and use it further on without the author’s permission (McDowell). Apple and its hardware policy: the wind of change In contrast to the owners and users of blogospheres, hardware producing companies seem to have reinforced their ammunition against “pirates.” Therefore, it can be considered that in future, such companies as Apple will reduce the instances of ownership rights infringement. Open hardware and the source code: future concerns It is important to keep in mind that the more complicated the security system becomes, the more sophisticated the hacking tools turn. The existing evidence shows that the “competence” of online hackers is growing and that the ownership issues are going to be very topical in 2023, especially in the light of the emergence of such sources of copyrighted content as torrents (Kravets). Drones/guns: printing in 3-D and the associated problems According to Harouni, 3-D printers have been around for a while, but people learned about them only abut thirty years from when the first concepts of these devices appeared. Therefore, 3-D printers are yet to be improved and marketed as a new facility. However, even at the given stage of development, 3-D printers already pose an ownership dilemma. If these machines can reproduce certain products, the original creators and developers of the products will be left without their legitimate revenues (Harouni). Pros and Cons of the Ownership Issue: By the Power of Copyright As one might have already guessed, the key problem will concern tracing the copying of online information is hardly possible. The case of Instagram: sharing as the key principle On the one hand, in 2023, the internet users might consider the idea of copyright issues on the Internet absurd and enjoy knowledge and information sharing without any concern, as in Instagram. On the other hand, in case of using one’s work of art, the rights of the owner will be infringed (Franzen). It is feared that in 2023, not only Instagr
Introduction Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources. These sources are referred to as renewable due to their ability to naturally replenish themselves after being used (Twidell, 2006, p. 18). Approximately sixteen percent of the final energy consumed globally is from renewable resources. The renewable natural energy sources include wind, sunlight, geothermal, biomass, tides and rain. The problem associated with the usage of non-renewable energy resources is that they cannot be replenished as in renewable energy resources. This has led to concerns by all the stakeholders on the sustainability as they form the bulk of the energy sources of the world (Kaltschmitt, 2010, p. 101). The non-renewable energy sources will dwindle over time, which makes them expensive, as well as environmentally non-friendly. In contrast, renewable energy sources are sustainable over time as they replenish themselves, easy to use, less expensive and environmentally friendly. Therefore, a paradigm shift from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources is necessary. In this course, it is estimated that the use of wind power is growing at a rate of approximately 30% annually worldwide (Sorensen, 2010, p. 224). The countries and continents most embracing renewable energy sources are the United States, Brazil, Asia and Europe. The main purpose of this project is to identify the most suitable renewable energy source to introduce to the local community. The project team is to carry out a feasibility study on the viable renewable energy sources to be introduced in the community. The project manager will be charged with overall oversight of the project. The assistant project manager will be in charge of two departments, which are the marketing and financial departments. The financial department will deal with all the financial aspects of the project, while marketing department will handle the marketing of the energy source in the society. Motivation The key drive for the project is to provide a clean and sustainable energy source to the local community where the company is situated. However, there are other stakeholders who the company must consider in its endeavors in order to meet its objectives and mission. To find out the expectations and obligations of each stakeholder, it is necessary to undertake the research. Questionnaires and other techniques are used to determine their expectations and obligations. The first stakeholder is the public and community. A study on a sample of the community reveals the following expectations; a reliable, environmentally friendly and cheap source of e
Butler, Shery. “The “H” Word: Home Schooling.” Gifted Child Today , vol. 23, no. 5, 2000, p. 44. This is a purely descriptive article. It presents the experiences of different personalities with home schooling. The article provides a narrative while emphasizing on the significance of home schooling. There is an observation that home schooling is more transformative. This is relative to other education systems. The article is applicable in this context since it provides a case of an individual encounter with the schooling system. Essentially, it is more practical. Houston, Robert G, and Eugenia F. Toma. “Home Schooling: An Alternative School Choice.” Southern Economic Journal , vol. 69, no. 4, 2003, pp. 920-935. This article examines the concept of home schooling. It evaluates different factors that affect the choice between schools within the public and private sectors. Home schooling is again discussed as an emerging trend in the contemporary world. Evidently, the examination of home schooling as an alternative is based on an empirical strategy. According to the authors, the choice to adopt home schooling relies on the anticipated quality of education. This is relative to what other options can provide to the learner. The article is relevant and critical for decision-making. This is because it applies empirical mechanisms to examine the current state of schooling alternatives. Indeed, it addresses the topic requirements for home schooling. Rivero, Lisa. “Progressive Digressions: Home Schooling for Self-Actualization.” Roeper Review , vol. 24, no. 4, 2002, p. 197. The article describes a majority of success stories that are associated with home schooling. Analytically, its basic focus lies on self-actualization. Specifically, these refer to students enrolled in
It goes without saying that money defines one’s life, but it is still not as important as time, the only resource allowing you to develop and change. With that in mind, one has to get maximum advantage out of the early years, and going to college is probably the worst thing that you can do to achieve this goal. As a college student, you have to work hard and read dozens of pages every day in endless attempts to understand every single aspect of your chosen professional field and proceed from simple concepts to entire systems of knowledge. To start with, reading is tedious and requires you to develop a lot of unnecessary skills and competencies, including critical thinking, imagination, and abstract thinking. Also, a college education is a waste of time and not something to desire because all that it does is to help people satisfy their avarice. For instance, as facts indicate, one needs to avoid wasting time in college if he or she enjoys low household incomes and wants to stay poor or pure (Duffin). In the age of technology, it is no longer reasonable to attain college degrees. Instead of professors, WikiHow can help you to develop any skill that you may need in future work: creating presentations, preparing reports, planning budgets, designing buildings, performing open-heart surgery, and many other things that do not require years of education. Finally, do not underestimate the importance of exceptions that conclusively illustrate the uselessness of college education. Attending college is definitely a waste of time because some individuals claim to have lots of money without any college degrees. Of course, their luxurious life and prosperity have nothing to do with being born to a wealthy family, their parents’ social bonds, corruption, fraud, a marriage of convenience, or, at least, a fortuitous combination of circumstances. In the United States, the land of equal opportunity, it is logical to follow the example of the rich that do not have to worry about becoming a qualified specialist and wasting time in college. Work Cited Duffin, Erin. “Median Household Income in the United States in 2018, by Educational Attainment of Householder (in U.S. Dollars).” 2019. Web.