ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The staffing process of firefighters involves spirited applicant assessment, especially because of the intricate nature of the services they are required to offer. This calls for a number of tests to be performed on aspiring candidates so as to establish their appropriateness for the job. In this paper, three types of job applicant tests will be discussed together with their legal and ethical impacts. The specific employment law and the adverse impact created by each test will also be discussed. Cognitive ability test This is the test that looks into the ability of the candidate to reason (Hunter & Hunter, 1984). Applicants who successfully pass the physical dexterity test are issued with this test. Use of number test, reasoning, figures and shapes, and long and short term memory are included in the criterion that is used to measure cognitive ability. Legal and ethical issues The cognitive ability test issued is uniform to all candidates. However, past studies have shown that there exist differences among individuals based on grounds such as sexes and racial groups. As such, a common test for the whole population may not produce reliable and consistent results that are in line with the state legislations regarding just employment opportunities, such as affirmative action and minority discrimination. Improving cognitive ability test Much room exists on how to improve on both the administration and analysis of cognitive ability tests. Different tests can be administered to different candidates based on their area of origin, sex and racial groups. Similarly, use of non-cognitive measures can be employed. These have the advantage of exhibiting a small or no differences at all by means of subgroups. Motor and physical ability tests This is a recruitment test modeled to assess the aspiring candidate’s physical and motor capacity in performing important tasks while in job. This will show the individual capacity to function as a firefighter. The candidates are placed in a chain that best simulates fire scene events while allowing an 85-foot walk between them. In this test, the candidates are required to wear heavy vest to imitate the weight of self-contained breathing machines and firefighter shielding cloths (Schmitt, Clause, & Pulakos, 1996). Legal and ethical issues The motor and physical ability test may contradict the legal requirements on grounds of being discriminative on persons with physical disabilities. However the nature of the responsibility that the candidate is
Introduction A report by Mintel, a market analysis and research company asserts that Britain has a large Market for fresh fruit juices (Derbyshire 2005). This translates to about 2.2 billion liters per year, about 36 liters for every Briton. Apple and orange juice make up 70 % of sales in an industry here consumers spend up to 2.3 billion every year. Innocent, a fresh juice company that has a business alliance with Coca Cola dominates the market. It controls a mammoth 72% of the fruit juice market. The company registered a £10.1m turnover in 2007 and the profits have been growing in the subsequent years (CNBC 2010). Primary Market Analysis The primary market for Preshafruit Juice in the UK is 18-38 year olds, who are also conscious about healthy dietary habits. They are fairy good spenders and as such spend a considerable amount of money on food as well as entertainment. This age group is also self reliant financially. As such it has the ability to purchase Preshafruit juice products without affecting their budget too much. People within this age group are most likely to live in urban areas as such the company will focus its sales and marketing effort in these areas. Due to the quality of Preshafruit Juice, the company will zero in marketing the product in middle class as well as upper middles class areas (Baker and Wu 1998). This age group is also highly mobile and would prefer to have an already prepared fresh fruit juice that assured of 100% fresh fruit taste, thus providing a god market fro our product (Smith 2010). Secondary market There have been efforts to control binge drinking in the UK and as such the sales of fresh fruit juices has gone up in bars, pubs and night clubs (Huxley 2003). Furthermore, bars and pubs are selling more food to increase their profits in the face of hard economic times. As such people who frequent bar also make the secondary market for Presahfruit Juice. People who frequent nigh clubs are above 18 year olds. These people who also love outdoor recreation as well as having fun. They are the socialites in the societies and thus outgoing. Due to their predisposition to for outdoor recreation this people are much more likely to be found in urban areas, especially the middle class districts. They re
Statement of purpose In the broadest sense, communication is a message, the transfer of the necessary information, which occurs through communication (verbal or non-verbal). The professional communication skill of a nurse implies a communicative action consciously performed by them to solve a specific problem. Together with a set of necessary knowledge, manual skills, and clinical thinking, this skill is an integral part of general professional competence. Communication skill is a medical aid tool of the modern nurse, and it requires particular time to form. At the same time, the methods and techniques themselves of nurses’ communication skills need to improve and be upgraded as well constantly. This research focuses on preparing students for real-life communication topics in the medical world with the help of a newly developed process that combines virtual techniques with actual interactions. Thus, the expected accomplishments include increasing nursing students’ ability to communicate effectively and developing their professional communication skills. However, in order to develop a program that is theoretically grounded and ready to be transferred into general training practice in medical, and educational institutions, it is necessary to outline and study variables that are vital for the process. The study aims to examine variations in experiences and sensations in different communication situations in potential clinical practice. With the help of simulations of such situations, the study will identify possible opportunities and limitations of teaching communication skills to nursing students and novices using online technologies. The aim of empirical research is, therefore, to create a sound theory of difficulties, obstacles, psychological and varied non-verbal barriers to learning, as well as benefits and positive experiences. The creation of such a theory in the future will help to develop a standardized program for teaching social and communication skills communication practice via virtual platforms. In addition, the study also seeks to assess the participants’ experience in assessing learning progress. Thus, the study design is intended to provide an empirically valid theory for answering the research questions posed. The population studied is nursing students and novices who are about to enter their clinical practice and/or have just started working in a medical facility or elsewhere as a nurse. The sample population from the general population was carried out by haphazard selection, that is, selection on the principle of voluntariness and availability of the entry of units of the general population into the sample. The most accessible respondents are selected to participate in the research from the side of students. The size and composition of the haphazard sample were not known in advance and were determined by only one parameter – the activity and availability of the participants. Such type of sampling is used in this study becau
The goals of criminal justice often require distinguishing between right and wrong. An ethical system is a basis for such decisions. To my firm belief, utilitarian ethical system is more advantageous than the systems proposed by libertarianism and determinism since it accepts human nature and puts the general safety above the individual good. As I am convinced, of the three proposed ethical systems utilitarianism presents the most persuasive arguments and is therefore the most useful. Utilitarianism can be defined as the ethics that judges an act by its consequences rather than by employed means. In other words, if the means are harmful, but the consequences are beneficial, the act is justified. Like any other concept, utilitarianism is not flawless. We usually cannot predict far-reaching consequences of a deed, the definition of a benefit is never clear, and individual rights are mostly neglected for the sake of common good. Despite these drawbacks, utilitarianism dominates over the other suggested systems. To prove this right, two arguments can be formulated. First, utilitarianism is much better adjusted to human nature. Since it is in human nature to seek pleasure and avoid pain, an ethical system should be consistent with it; utilitarianism is, for it values happiness more than some rigorous rules. Second, utilitarianism places general good above the good of one individual, which benefits society (Pollock, 2013, p. 35-36). For instance, the fact that the most dangerous criminals are held in supermax prisons is in accordance with utilitarian ethics: it is a violation of their rights, but it ensures the security of the country. Surely, other proposed ethical systems possess some advantages as well. For example, libertarianism provides an individual with a great power and freedom, advocating minimum intervention of the government in the life of the society. In such a way, libertarianism promotes entrepreneurship and private initiative. It does sound inspiring and motivating until one thinks about such calamities as economic crisis, war, and, especially, crimes that happen every day. Libertarian ethical system could hardly be a basis for the solution of these problems. Utilitarianism holds that we must neglect the interests of a criminal and lock him or her in prison; libertarianism requires respecting the rights of a criminal and thus puts the whole society in danger. It seems reasonable to acknowledge that libertarianism does not provide a suitable ethical system for criminal ju
Robert Frost, a prominent American poet, stands out as one of the pioneers and contributors in the art of poetry. In his poems he uses the New England characters, expressions, and even setting to send out his message through the art. Robert Frost “was born on 26 March 1874 in San Francisco California” (William, 2001). As a way of acknowledging the southern hero general Robert Lee (1807-1870) his parents decided to call their first son Robert. Frost faced a test of time when his father passed away in 1885. They were not sure whether their travel to Massachusetts for funeral would enable them to live on properly, as they did not have funds to travel back to California. Frost’s grandfather offered them a home. Her mother eventually secured a job as a teacher. In his early years Frost loved to listen to his mother read to him, which led to his exposure to a variety of literary works as he gained inspiration to read. Although at first Fro
Introduction Disillusionment or disappointment arises in a situation where a person is disenchanted. In this case, people are usually unhappy with what they see or the kind of lives they lead. This element has been exposed in literary and artistic works by various people. In their works, authors or artistes expose this theme perhaps as a way of telling their lifestyle or to educate their audience about their displeasure. In this essay, we shall look at how the works by Edwin Arlington Robinson, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, and Jack London expose this element. Jack London Jack London was born in a poor background in California but grew to fame through his anthology of stories such as the son of the Wolf, the Sea of the wolf, and the Call of the Wild in a way that by 1905, he was America’s highest earning author. These stories were mainly based on the culture of the Alaskan and the Yukon regions of North America. He also wrote an autobiography, Martin Eden in 1909 (VanSpanckeren 56). In Martin Eden , London exposes the depression of the American dream perhaps in his own experience amid the rise from poverty to affluence. Eden, a poor though wise and industrious sailor and laborer has his eyes on the writing career. At the end, his works in writing brings him wealth and fame but he realizes the woman he has fallen in love with is only targeting his money. Consequently, he loses trust in the entire humanity as caused by his girlfriend’s incapability to love him in equal measure. He is also separated from his class. He views the wealthy as acquisitive, selfish and unable to possess
Oncology units are known to pose significant emotional challenges for the involved staff. The nurses and clinicians who work in the oncology witness psychologically challenging and stressful events on a daily basis. As a result of the exposure, they may develop compassion fatigue – a condition in which the individual’s capacity for empathy and compassion decreases over time. Compassion fatigue is associated with multiple adverse effects that usually result in a decreased quality of care and a disrupted workplace culture. Figure 1. Numerous factors contribute to compassion fatigue. Current Practice of a Unit The oncology unit in question is characterized by a heavy workload and highly stressful environment, which is a relatively common occurrence for the setting (Kleiner & Wallace, 2017). While certain precautions are taken to mitigate the adverse effect of excessive workload, not all of them are considered effective. For instance, the regular weekly visits by the priest were reported by some nurses to be inconvenient since the timing interferes with their schedule. In addition, some of the nurses are reluctant to come to the meeting when they are not on the shift on that day. Under such conditions, it is reasonable to expect the decrease in the effect
Introduction The following argumentative essay is on whether the internet is changing our social lives or not. Internet has become an important component of every day operations and it is imperative to ensure that there is awareness about its influence and effects on people and human relationships. This argument takes considers that internet has indeed affected the social lives of people all over the world. The first part of this essay presents instances where the internet has changed social lives positively or negatively. Internet has changed the social interactions of modern day world in a dynamic way and has improved the relations and friendships that were in existence and increased more contacts that are individual. Is The Internet Changing Our Social Lives? Internet has changed lives in that it has affected social relationships for bad or for good. The instance where it has improved relationships is through consistent communication through the social networks such as face book, MySpace and twitter. However, internet has affected relationships and people negatively especially school children through the cyber bullying activities that happen on the internet . “There have been cases of cyber bullying where some individuals impersonate someone and use their profile and images to pose as someone else” (Anonymous 4). When people see the image in the profile they believe it is the picture of the real person. This type of bullying has affected some of the children whose images have been used to bully others negatively. This has led to some of the parents developing interest in the intricacies of social networking by wanting to know how to deal with cybercrime as well as ensure that the cyber criminals who use the internet to bully others have been punished. “The internet has affected people’s privacy as personal information can be accessed by friends through hacking into people’s social network accounts” (Anonymous 4). The internet privacy is critical in enhancing ones life and self-confidence. Infringing on people’s privacy has led to reduced self-esteem by sharing personal information with people who may use it against the individual. Internet has changed social lives in undermining individual’s need for privacy. “Although the social media has features that guarantee users’ privacy there are many instances where friends share individual personal information” (Anonymous 4). Privacy over the internet is not guaranteed and any material posted over the internet should be intended for public exposure. Instances of people being hurt due to unnecessary exposure to the unintended audience have affected relationships and self esteem negatively. For instance, people can use a person’s image to create a phony account to harass and commit crime over the internet. While the real person whose image is in use may be unaware of it, it will affect how other people perceive such a person as well as any physical relationships that such a person has. “It has also affected the relation
The reason why criminals are sent to prison is to reform and discontinue their criminal life. However it does not always work that way. The Pew report indicates that cases of incarceration including recidivism continue even with incarceration (6). Incarceration therefore does not yield the results that are hoped for with regards to reformation. Although incarceration offers some degree of deterrence the results are not long lasting. Imprisonment is one of the ways in which society punishes offenders. Prison terms are issued depending on various factors. Role of prisons The nature of the crime committed is one of the greatest determinants. Other factors are background of the crime and offender and case specifics. The prison system reflects the legal values and system in that crime are placed in categories and depending on the crime the prisoners will be sentenced. Prison terms accompany felony crimes but other crimes may receive prison term or other punishments like fines. Much of what determines how much time an offender spends in prison depends on the state where the offender is tried. Prisons have been in existence in a long time but more recently there are new centers coming up that offer incarceration while at the same time offering other service. These centers are like boot camps, detention centers for the mentally unwell and juvenile centers. This type of incarceration has been adapted to deal with the unique needs of the prison population. They aim at positive rehabilitation of the offenders and are a balance between punishment and care. Another purpose that prisons serve is the opportunity to get justice for society. When people commit crimes they owe the society for their wrongs whether it is murder, theft or forms of corruption. Because of the crimes they need to pay in terms of time taken away from society. They therefore miss on certain privileges of being in the world. However the whole experience is supposed to teach them something so that they do not commit crimes anymore. The structure of prison is made in a way that should allow prisoners to retain their dignity. It is not meant to give inhumane mistreatments. Phillips states that prisoners are still valuable to society and determined as such should be helped to self actualize (33). Today there exist concerns about the role of prisons in the justice system and if really prisons are serving their purpose. The high costs of keeping prisons running has intensified questions about the effectiveness of prisons. If they are working as they should, shouldn’t there be fewer criminals in prison? And are the aims of incarceration being achieved? Given the growing numbers of prisoners and cases of recidivism, these questions pose serious concerns about the future of prison systems. Crimes seem to continue with or without incarceration. Reasons for recidivism Significant numbers of prisoners find their way i
Data to Intelligence Data refers to the raw and unarguable facts that are precise. Information defines the combination of data into a format that is able to respond to simple everyday questions. Intelligence combines information in order to give individuals or organizations the ability to formulate informed decisions. Essentially, the transformation of multiple pieces of data into information can then lead to intelligence (Matallah et al., 2017). Cloud computing is able to process large amounts of data which can improve the utilization of later formed information and intelligence. Cloud Computing Security The main risks concerning data, information, and intelligence in cloud computing include compliance violations, malware infections, identity theft, and data breaches. When implementing cloud computing for a business, the firm may cede some control of their information to the provider. There is a risk of data loss or breaches in the case that the provider’s servers may be accessed by a third party (Balachandran & Prasad, 2017). However, most providers of cloud computing offer substantial resources in security research and safeguard implementation. Cloud Computing and Concealed Conduits Radvanovsky and McDougall (2019) refer to the cloud as a concealed conduit in terms of cloud computing security. It suggests that the cloud does not enter the access control measures of a known network but latches onto points that have data, information, and intelligence passing outside a known and trusted network (Qureshi et al., 2021). As such, this can encourage cloud computing in terms of open-source information and intelligence as this method is able to track traveling data and spot any tampering from untrusted entities. Open Source Information and Intelligence According to the FOIA, there are a number of limitations in open access to information and intelligence, especially concerning national security, law enforcement records, and personal privacy (United States of America National Security Archive, 2017). However, outside these subjects, open-source information and intelligence can be beneficial to critical infrastructure protection if they can be monitored through sys