ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In highly competitive industries such as the fast food or quick service restaurant (QSR) industry, a strong brand name typically marks the difference between success and failure. A strong, recognizable brand allows a QSR firm to best its competitors simply because customers have an expectation of the brand that translates into a form of emotional attachment or security, the so-called brand loyalty concept wherein consumers return to the QSR of their choice again and again to repeat a known emotional experience. As long as the brand understands the consumer’s expectation and does not deviate from it, this relationship can continue over decades or even over a lifetime. Particularly in the QSR industry, wherein very little variety exists between the products that the top QSR chains serve, brand strength typically separates the wheat from the chaff. As a result of this marketing reality, a great deal of scholarly and commercial interest in brand equity, brand awareness, brand personality, brand loyalty and the impact of these on the consumer purchasing decision process has surfaced in recent years. Statement of the Problem Effective QSR brand management depends on positive brand equity (Keller, 1993; Kim and Kim, 2004). Keller (1993) characterized customer based brand equity as the proportional impact of brand knowledge on a customer’s response to the brand’s advertising or marketing efforts, compared to his or her response to the same product – in this case, fast food – from an unnamed or unknown producer. The successful marketing of a QSR brand must go beyond generic consumer responses to price; rather, it must condition the consumer response emotionally and psychologically, to the end that the consumer chooses the QSR brand based on an experience that he or she wants to repeat. To achieve this end, the brand management team must understand the complex interplay that occurs between brand awareness, brand association and consumer choice. As Keller (1993) explains, “brand knowledge…involves both brand awareness…recall and recognition…and brand image or associations. Based on these definitions, a brand has positive…customer-based brand equity if the consumer has a favourable…reaction to the product, price, promotion or distribution of a brand, relative to the same marketing mix element of the generic product or service” (Keller, 1993, p. 5). Conversely, a brand will encounter negative customer based brand equity if the consumer’s reaction to the brand’s marketing is unfavourable, or if the consumer has a negative reaction to the brand category – in this case, fast food. However, as evidenced by the global success o
Views, Thoughts, and Opinion The advancement in science and technology has brought about new insights that have increased the process of manufacturing goods and services in an effective and efficient manner. As a result, the cost of production has greatly reduced. This has greatly increased the number of firms producing various goods or services hence increasing the level of competition. The presence of many producers has provided consumers with a wide range of substitutes to choose from. Therefore, for a firm to ensure that it attracts and retains its customers, it needs to ensure guarantee that its products are superior to the ones that are produced by its rivals. The products should also conform to the tastes and preferences of the target market. House of quality is thus an effective tool that can be used to achieve this. Its concepts take into consideration the relationship that exists between the customers’ needs and desires, the manufacturing capabilities of a given organization and the quality of the products manufactured by competing firms. After considering all these factors, the final product that is arrived at is usually of a superior quality conforming to the tastes and preferences of the consumers. This ensures that a firm is profitable and sustainable from the sale of such products in the short run and in the long run. Effectiveness of the Concept of House of Quality House of quality is an effective concept in the process of developing new products or modifying existing ones. The concept is based on the Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Our engineers utilize this concept in the process of incorporating the requirements of customers in the technical components within a product in the process of design and manufacture. Through QFD, house of quality plays a critical role in the design, control and improvement processes of our products. Thus, the functionality of the final product conforms to the tastes and preferences of our target market, our technical capabilities, and the economic trends. Therefore, the product not only meets the desires of the target market but it is also in line with our operational goals and objectives and economic realities. Criticism of the Concept The house of quality is an effective concept of designing a good or service to conform to the needs of the target market and the management plan of the manufacturing firm. As a result, the concept increases the effectiveness and efficiency of the overall manufacturing process. However, the concept has a major drawback. Due to its technicality, the concept might be difficult to apply especially in firms that lack the technical capability of supporting it. As a result, such firms will continue to design their products using rudimentary techniques. However, firms
Zuzana Licko is one of the most prominent type designers in the USA. This designer has created a number of fonts which are now used excessively. She is also a co-founder of a designer magazine Émigré (Dover 9). She and her husband run a company selling typefaces and producing ceramics, T-shirts, etc. (Dover 9). Notably, Licko stresses that the career of a type designer does not receive the necessary recognition (Rubinstein n.p.). Nonetheless, the designer loves her job and she is very creative. Interestingly, Licko was studying architecture at the University of California (Berkeley) when she met Rudy VanderLans (who became her husband). Zuzana Licko was thinking of changing the major at that moment and she became interested in typography when she saw the project Rudy VanderLans had been working on (Dover 9). The two creative people got married and started a designer magazine as they understood that the works of type designers needed promotion as well as their own works. Noteworthy, Licko is inspired by classical forms. At the same time, the designer creates new forms and does not like any boundaries (Rubinstein n.p.). Her innovative and technological approach has been awarded a number of times. It is important to note that Licko and her husband employed software when the rest of the designers tried to stick to more traditional ways of production (Rubinstein n.p.). One of her works is the font “Mrs Eaves” created in 1996 (“Zuzana Licko”). It was first used in their magazine Émigré. The typeface is based on the well-known font Baskerville which is regarded as a conventional typeface. Importantly, this font is an example of the designer’s adherence to classical forms and her technological approach. The lines are rather laconic, but there is also certain artistic touch, so-to-speak. Another font, which is quite popular, is “Base 12 Sans” created in 1995 and first used in Émigré website (“Zuzana Licko”). The typeface is more technological than the previous one and it is also more innovative (Rubinstein n.p.). The major goal of the font was to emphasize the idea of modernity and innovation as it was placed on the Internet. Licko stresses that the use of Macintosh was crucial for the development of her career and her creativity (Rubinstein n.p.). Another font that can illustrate Licko’s technological approach is “Oakland” which was created in 2001 and first appeared in Émigré (“Zuzana Licko”). The font grabs attention and creates a specific impression of the modern technological and digital world (Rubinstein n.p.). Again, Licko used M
Concerning life cycle as a process of product’s creating, using and disposing, I choose milk as a product to analyze. As the consumers, we usually know the product on its last stage when we find it in supermarkets. However, milk like every other food product has a long range of transformation. Life cycle is divided into a number of relevant flows needed for production. Life cycle can apply to the particular brand or to the product’s category. In case of milk, life cycle includes several stages that will be considered below. It is obvious that the environmental impact on milk production is very high due to the specific of its life cycle. Using the modern electrical technologies and fertilizers, the dairy farms consume a lot of resources and have a significant influence on the environment. The environmental impact on life cycle of milk can be considered as a significant issue related to development of national agricultural sector. Every dairy farm uses its own methods of environmental management. According to Barber and Halbach, “the major impacts to the environment occur during the pasture production phase” (Barber & Halbach). This situation occurs due to the use of modern technologies depended on electricity and fertilizers that affect cow’s health. Besides, it is impossible to overestimate the impact on climate changes. Cows produce the methane outputs that go to the atmosphere. Although this issue seems inessential, the mass product of milk has a significant influence. As the commonly used food, milk has a very high volume of production. Therefore, this position can be considered as a hot-spot of the environmental impact of the milk production. As the most important stage of milk life cycle, cow population requires the special attitude and the use of a number of technologies (The Global Dairy Agenda for Action, 2012). Animal feeding operation generates the manure that contains the nitrous oxide. This process leads to the water and air pollution. Each kilogram of milk can be compared with 10 liters of water needed for feeding and cleaning. In order to increase the daily milk production, farms use the corn and soy, feeding cows these cheap raw materials. However, naturally cows have to eat grass and the use of corn and soy reduces the milk production. Therefore, farmers use the antibiotic injections. Obviously, such method can be reflected on the cow health and affect the quality of milk. Moreover, the method of treatment cow population with pesticides in order to protect them from various lice and flies is very popular among the farmers. The use of such chemical substances pollutes not only the environment. Treating cows with hormones, farmers increase the
According to Cronon (356), “the country and the city were inseparable”. Cronon believes that “the city and the country were linked to each other by an invisible network of demand and supply” (Cronon 356). This statement means that every rural region played a critical role towards supporting the development of different cities. Many people from these regions migrated to urban centers in order to offer the required labor. Such regions also produced various products and raw materials for different industries. Inequalities also encouraged more people to move from urban areas to rural regions. The middle and upper classes also decided to create new suburbs. This approach supported the growth of many cities in America. The people also addressed various challenges such as pollution and insecurity (Cronon 371). According to the author, most of these American cities obtained their raw materials from different rural regions. The invention of new transportation methods led to the development of more suburbs. Many individuals were able to live near cities. Most of these suburbs continued to attract citizens from different regions. For instance, a new countryside emerged in Chicago. This countryside had gaslights, electricity, pavements, and sewage lines. The middle class also created a new suburb in Chicago. This approach discouraged the rich from interacting with the poor (Cronon 374). The rate of immigration attracted more individuals to live in various cities. This development created more class differences. More factories emerged because there were new sources of labor. Many people also commuted to different cities in order to purchase various commodities. A new kind of “demand and supply emerged because every individual wanted to achieve his or her goals” (Flamming 39). In conclusion, historians can get accurate findings by examining the issues associated with the above interdependence. This student begins by identifying the connection between the countryside and the city. The student believes strongly that the interdependence led to the establishment of new classes and societies. The author uses William Cronon’s arguments to support his or her ideas. The student also explains why new suburbs emerged during the time. Such suburbs made it easier for people
Every human being is bestowed with some duties and responsibilities in life. In order to be able to meet the requirements of the duties and to discharge those effectively, all individuals must possess appropriate skills. The skill level and variety, of course, differ from person to person. An individual with good skills will put up a better performance than someone who lacks that ability. It can, therefore, be inferred that the skills a person possesses determine his or her success, to a great extent. There are certain skills that almost all people use, which aid them in the fulfillment of their obligations in their everyday life. On the other hand, there are some skills that only a few people possess, but at the same time that particular skill can be helpful to everybody. However, if those who lack such a skill take necessary initiatives to learn it, they can master it by practice and tap the benefits deriving from the use of that skill. In this context, ‘writing’ is a skill that most people do not happen to be blessed with, but if they practice the art, they will be able to master it and reap all the benefits accruing from it. Communication plays an important role in human life. Therefore, the ability to communicate well is a trait that helps people to adequately stand up to their responsibilities and discharge their duties efficiently. Writing is one of the most significant means of communication in the modern world. Whether it is a student, a business man, an employee, or a person engaged in any other occupation, writing forms an integral part of their every day activity. In order for a person to be effective in his job, he or she needs to possess good writing skills. Then only that person will be able to express his or her ideas to others and get the works executed in the desired manner. People who do not possess good writing skills may not be able to communicate exactly what they intend, to the audience they are addressing. Such a lack of adequate writing skills may entail in a communication gap, which in turn, can result in misunderstanding or misinterpretation of a message. In today’s world people confront the necessity for writing something at various stages of their lives or career. It may be an e-mail message, a normal letter, a report, putting up a complaint etc. But whatever the form is, proper writing skills will help them to convey their meaning and intention in the best manner to the persons to whom they addresses the message. A properly written message evokes suitable reactions in the reader and helps him understand the content just as well as the sender of the message has perceived it. On the other hand, if a person with poor writing skills writes a message, the person who receives the message will find it difficult to comprehend the meaning, or misinterpret it, or may lose interest in it and just ignore it. It is a well known fact that an interesting piece of writing, compiled with good skills, will hold the reader’s attention, generate emotions in him, and it is the only w
Abstract The health of a person can be defined as a general condition of the physical body, mental state and social stability. It incorporates all aspects of an individual’s body and his/her surrounding; and not just absence of diseases. Various concepts of health have been around since time immemorial. Changing concepts of health have influenced public health interventions in many parts of the world and differences in health by racial and ethnic groups still exist within our communities. For instance, countries that are well endowed economically are most likely to have a healthy population because of their greater capacity to provide their citizens with the necessary goods, drugs and services that are known to promote good health and well being. This is partly the reason why many people from poor nations suffer and die from readily preventable diseases. Also, mounting pressure in work places today are pushing people to work extra hours with some people sleeping for just a few hours. Such change in sleep pattern is known to cause cardiovascular diseases that may eventually lead to death. Introduction Health is about living as completely and optimally as possible. Studies of lay perceptions of health and illness have advanced understanding of individual health choices and informed health education and social policy (Davidson, 2003). Most researchers agree that lay people have sophisticated understanding of health and illness, based on intimate knowledge of family members over the life course, social networks and media accounts (Davidson, 2003). Gender plays a key role in lay perceptions of health and health practices. Following Macintyre et al . (2005), gender can be conceptualized as a dynamic set of socially constructed relationships embedded in everyday interaction, rather than simple attribute of individuals. For instance, one way in which men can demonstrate culturally valued forms of masculinity is by denying vulnerability, taking risks which may injure their health and rejecting health beliefs and behaviors which they associate with women (Macintyre et al ., 2005). A number of studies suggest that women place the health of their families above their own needs, and that the central feature of being a mother is to ‘keep going’ which may involve hiding symptoms and ignoring one’s own health (Bolam et al ., 2004). Holistic approach to he
The stigma surrounding the human papillomavirus (HPV) has led to many gaps in patients’ and clinicians’ education. Fears and prejudices related to the HPV vaccine stem from religious and personal beliefs. According to Krakow et al., many young women choose to vaccinate because they believe that it will lower their risk of cancer. This view of vaccination overpowers one’s religiosity or social stigma (Krakow et al., 2015). Therefore, patients’ awareness of HPV vaccine purpose can help providers to eliminate the stigma surrounding vaccination. Such concepts as morality and promiscuity have to be addressed from a medical point of view. It should show that HPV vaccination protects one’s health in many ways regardless of people’s sexual experiences. Moreover, as this issue is related to the topic of sexual education, HPV-related information and its presentation have to be reviewed by providers as well. Sherman et al. find that patients’ and clinicians’ lack of knowledge about the vaccine and HPV leads to lower levels of protection against the virus. For instance, the researchers note that some people falsely believe that HPV causes HIV/AIDS (Sherman et al., 2018). Others think that the virus requires treatment and try to seek assistance from medical institutions, searching for a cure that does not exist. Furthermore, some patients do not know about the connection between HPV and cancer. Health professionals may also lack the necessary education about HPV and its risk of cervical cancer (Sherman et al., 2018). These failures should be attributed to the lack of sex education and addressed in future policies. Overall, the stigma about HPV and vaccination can be combated with increased vaccine accessibility, training, and positive reinforcement to eliminate confusion among patients.
The energy industry is among the sectors that are performing effectively. However, it is not immune to challenges that threaten its existence. The increasing demand for sustainable energy is one of the issues affecting the sector (Sovacool, 2019). In addition, consumers in the market are creating pressure on the industry to adopt environmentally friendly energy sources. Apart from this, the energy sector is facing the issue of price volatility. The prices of energy products constantly change, which affects their performance. Although there exist issues that affect the energy industry’s performance, there are solutions that they can use to solve the problems. Price volatility is one of the most significant concerns in the energy industry. Because of price fluctuations, forecasting oil prices has been a big concern in this industry (Sovacool, 2019). Over the last five years, the situation has deteriorated even further. The fluctuation is caused by several factors influencing supply and demand. On the supply side, the sector has transitioned from models that rely on large-scale developments to short-term investments. On the side of demand, aspects such as the deceleration of economic growth in emerging economies and the gradual substitution of oil. Another demand factor is the increase in more effective and economically friendly buildings and public transportation. A solution to the above challenge is to promote well-regulated but broadened hedging through financial markets. The demand for oil-consuming and producing corporations to transfer price risk to those willing to bear it will increase (Sovacool, 2019). Based on this, it is important to implement reasonable changes and enforce laws against manipulation and fraud. However, do not impose blanket limitations on financial market players on the incorrect belief that they are the source of the volatility. Instead, the prices should be harmonized by ensuring that all the stakeholders are protected in the market. As a result, effective regulation plays an integral role in controlling price volatility in the energy industry. The second problem experienced in the industry is the growing efforts to address climate change. There is increasing pressure on the need to reduce global warming. The main focus has been on the energy industry because they are k