ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction One of the essential steps in defining a narrower problem in the selected field is the consideration of previously known information on the matter. For this, it is vital to provide the theoretical orientation for the future study, support it with scholarly sources on teenage trafficking, and critically assess the gap in researchers’ knowledge. Moreover, these measures should be complemented by the statement of findings on the issue, which adds to the necessity to expand the understanding of the present-day situation. Theoretical Orientation for the Study The problem of forced labor among teenagers requires special consideration due to the lack of previous research. For this paper, humanistic orientation is employed since the personal values of victims and their attitude towards the help they need take the central place in the study. The theory applicable to the research topic is the conflict theory since it analyzes oppression and power structures (Crossman, 2019). As for the research method, it is explicitly described by the rational choice theory that reflects one’s motivation in receiving help (Crossman, 2019). In the study, the key concepts under consideration are the human trafficking of adolescents and forced labor. This way, a strategy allowing the victims of teenage trafficking will be based on the previous research. The seminal works of scholars significantly affected the issue’s formulation and were focused on the treatment and assistance for the survivors. Such global tasks contained the consideration of the most common psychological symptoms accompanying the process. They included depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and its complex version (Hopper & Gonzalez, 2018). Nevertheless, there was no division into the victims of sex and labor trafficking, and this fact explains the necessity of the current study. The results of this research were complemented by the attempts to examine the negative effect of the victims’ experience after the treatment related to anxiety, disorientation, and other issues (Okech et al., 2018). In this case, the inclusion of the additional factor, the type of human trafficking, will contribute to a better understanding of the problem and develop a solution. Review of the Literature The principal theme aimed at considering the issue was presenting the problem of teenage trafficking while emphasizing the lack of evidence-based work. These studies focused on reviewing previously known information on the topic, and this method reflects their research design, which was literature review of scholarly articles (Walts, 2017). The research questions were: What are the types of human trafficking? What are the factors influencing the revival of this practice? (Patterson & Zhuo, 2018) and What efforts can be made to solve the problem? (Walts, 2017). The studies hypothesized and proved that sociologists can solve the issue, and the change in-laws will be efficient as well (Walts, 2017). Therefore, their inclusion in the paper is beneficial for understanding the process and its outcomes from the perspective of victims’ diversity. The second theme is how the measures taken by medical
George Gershwin was a great composer of jazz music with some classical elements. This is a review of Rhapsody in Blue ; one of the great compositions that George did in those days. Rhapsody in Blue was composed in 1924 for unaccompanied forte-piano and jazz groups. This masterpiece was performed in public for the first time on February 12, 1924, in Aeolian Hall in New York, during a concert dubbed An Experiment in Modern Music . Paul Whiteman is the person who commissioned this piece of music. After having a successful classical jazz performance in collaboration with Eva Gauthier in 1923, Whiteman resolved to try a more ambitious performance. With this idea dominating his mind, he approached Gershwin with a suggestion of a joint performance in Aeolian Hall in 1924. From this suggestion, Gershwin had to come with a composition to brace the occasion hence the birth of Rhapsody in Blue . The idea of this piece came as Gershwin traveled by train to Boston. After its premiere on February 12, 1924, this composition became a point of discussion. Some people felt that this was jazz while others claimed that, it was not pure jazz. Even though there is this point of contention, it is important to note that Paul Whiteman was a self-proclaimed ‘King of Jazz.’ Rhapsody in Blue may not be jazz, maybe classical jazz, but the concert performed in the Aeolian Hall and the subsequent orchestration for principally wind instruments, make this piece of composition sound more of jazz than any other genre. Rhapsody in Blue is scripted for unaccompanied forte-piano with orchestra. This composition is an epitome of rhapsodies in that; it contains significant dividing lines in texture, color, and style. It entails vivid forte-piano solos accompanied by tardy, liberal, and extravagantly orchestrated parts. The opening part of rhapsody in Blue is scripted as a single woodwind warble succeeded by a smooth 17-note arising diatonic surmount. This composition is rich in rhythmic excogitation and melodious inspiration characterized by strong motive interrelationship. This composition contains depressed sevenths, and assortment of minor and major thirds spanning three degrees of diatonic scale. Rhapsody in Blue represents a complex harmonic structure beginning and ending in B flat. As it begins, it takes a sub-dominant direction but abruptly returns to B flat as it terminates. The music adopts the reverse direction of circles of fifths modulating classical tonal interrelatedness throughout the composition. C major dominates the integral middle section though it incorporates G major in some instances. There are intonations that pass freely and well, despite the fact that they lack harmonic direction. Gershwin George uses an algorithm consonant procession of minor thirds, which gives a fantasy of motion. This strategy covers the fact that the passage uses unchanged key through out. The music is also characterized by ragtime rhythms. It appears that George Gershwin wanted to disqualify the notion that one could only dance jazz when played in time. To achie
Introduction Strategy is defined as the trend and range of a given business in the long term. Strategy makes the business have an advantage over the others in the same market by organizing the limited resources from the environment and using them to achieve its objectives (Johnson and Scholes, 2010). The Current Economic Conditions In the recent years, many businesses have gone bankrupt while a good number of major financial institutions have failed. This can be attributed to an economic crisis which has been looming for the last three years. Most businesses are facing an economic crisis causing a decrease in the capital flow. The financial crisis has been credited to an increase in lending of subprime mortgage which in turn caused a decrease in the prices of housing. This has consequently caused problems in both banking and in investment industry and is depressing economic growth in the US and the world at large. Economic spending has hit a record low while the confidence of customers has been waning. Spending, investing, and lending between banks have also reduced drastically. The most hit sectors of economy include: the stock market, manufacturing industry, and the housing industry. People continue loosing jobs as these sectors crumble. Future economic growth seems to have been curtailed despite numerous government interventions. Businesses are taking rapid strategic measures to save the situation. Job creation and renewed investment need restructuring (small business economic outlook, 2008). Strategic Options Most businesses have considered re-strategizing in order to survive the economic recession. Various strategic options are available to businesses. Strategic options are the alternative ways in which businesses respond to varying external situations. Businesses should carry out an assessment of the situation and then use the facts and threats thereof to plan in advance (MDF, n.d). Developing Strategic Options Various steps are employed in the development of strategic options viz. In the first step, the organization should do an assessment of the external situation and look into what is threatening the business and whether there are any opportunities available. The organization should then arrange and group these opportunities together and do likewise to the threats. Strategic decisions should then be made that deal with opportunities and actions taken. New solutions to the threats should be sought. In the third step, the options created are to be rated in terms of importance and finally a follow up done to gauge implementation (MDF, n.d). Levels of Strategic Planning Different companies employ different strategies to solve various threats and to take advantage of opportunities in the field. These strategies are broadly grouped into three (Johnson and Scholes, 2010). Corporate Strategy that is involved with the gene
The protected rights as documented in the Ontario Human Rights Commission website articulate why discrimination at the place of work should is prohibited. There should be equal treatment of all employees working in any give organization. The rights’ code in section five expounds that all the employees at the workplace should be treated equally without any element of discrimination. In other words, no employee should be sidelined on the basis of disability, family status, marital status, a record of offenses, age, sexual orientation, sex, creed, citizenship, ethnic origin, color, place of origin, ancestry and race (Ontario Human Rights Commission, 2008). The code continues to assert that all employees should be free from any form of emotional or physical harassment at the place of work. This harassment may emanate from the employer’s agent or the employer himself. Besides, it is also possible for employees to harass each other based on disability, family status, gender or sexuality. Although the term “employment” has not been defined by the code, it has been extensively interpreted by the commission. According to the latter, employment entails a contract job or part-time and full-time work that is executed by staff members who may be temporarily or permanently hired. Working under probation or volunteering also constitutes employment. All the aspects of the working environment are adequately covered by the rights enshrined in the code. When filling out employment application forms or during interviews in anticipation for employment, I have noted that discrimination still exists. For instance, the employment application forms contain mandatory fields that must be filled out in order to specify the gender and sexual orientation of job seekers. Worse still, the interview process is hardly transparent because the choice of the successful candidate is largely affected by gender and sexuality. Compare and contrast the forms o
Disneyland California adventure was opened in 1955. During its first few years, the company had faced many challenges. In its opening day, the company offered 18 attraction sites to the public. The cost of the sites was $17.5 million (Bates & Susan 108). Disneyland was created on five separate lands in the suburbs. As such, the location of the entertainment joint was uncommon in the American entertainment industry, which was majorly concentrated in the city. During its inception, the company was not as successful as it is today. As such, the company faced many challenges with its limited success. There was the limiting factor of public transport, thus viewers without vehicles could not access the venture. Since its inception, visitors used to access the venture by paying the entrance fee. Later the venture adopted the use of tickets. The other major challenge faced by the company was the illegal entrance by viewers. Most of the first security measures failed allowing a number of the viewers to break through the fences as the others climbed over the walls into the park. In 1968, Disneyland tried to create public relation by establishing a large poster of Souvenir map. When the venture opened Fantasyland and Pacific Ocean Park (POP) in Santa Monica, it believed that it could increase its returns. Disney invested $16 million into the park with the expectation of improving its success (Sandler 78). However, POP’s low charges of $2.5 were not enough to maintain its facilities. Illegal entrants that sneaked into the park through the ocean worsened the venture’s returns. The adventure was finally closed down in 1968. Before its failure, Disney attracted more than 60,000 viewers in 1960. Despite the numbers, the company still made huge losses. During the time, the public created a negative opinion about Disney’s cleanliness and entertainment. The majority of the public believed that the best place for Disney‘s entertainment and fan was in Anaheim. The above challenges coupled with higher advertising spending on the attractions led to financial failures. The number of visitors received each year did not meet the anticipated figures. As such, this reduced the company’s profitability. The growth rate of the venture was low and the founder was not satisfied. Actually, the performance of the Disneyland Adventure was average. A major expenditure spent by Californi
Summary of topic: Handling the issues associated with production is rather challenging due to the need to plan, maintain communication, and exert control over every minor process occurring in the target setting. However, with the introduction of project management techniques, the specified task becomes significantly simpler and less demanding. In the eleventh chapter of their book, Wagner et al. explain that the combination of technological advances, a customer-oriented service, a quality-driven production strategy, and a well-developed data management technique will lead to the successful completion of a typical project in a business setting (14). Current Event: An event known as the Pacific Ports Clean Air Collaborative has taken place recently and shown that deploying the principles of sustainable project management is possible. Moreover, as the project indicates, the recent focus on environmentalism and sustainability has led to the creation of the lean production framework, which provides an array of tools for reducing time, resources, and especially the levels of waste to their minimum (Pacific Ports Clean Air Collaborative par. 1). The resulting change in production helps an organization to reduce the ecological footprint that it leaves on the environment, at the same time keeping its profitability levels high. Recommendations; Therefore, it is highly recommended to seek the tools for improving production quality and reducing waste. Specifically, the Total Quality Management framework (TQM) deserves mentioning. The combination of innovative strategies helps to ensure high quality by improving the information and resource management techniques across the supply chain. Future outlook: Thus, organizations will manage projects more effectively by considering the needs of every possible stakeholder and avoiding a negative impact on vulnerable groups. As a result, profit margins will rise along with the reputation of an organization in the global market. Works Cited Pacific Ports Clean Air Collaborative. “The Port of Los Angeles Hosted the 5th PPCAC Conference in San Pedro on March 20-22, 2018.” PPCAC.org , 2018. Web. Wagner, Tyler, et al. The Better Business Book: 100 People, 100 Stories, 100 Business Lessons to Live (The 100 Person Book Series 3). 2017.
Businesses often face challenges all over the globe as they undertake their operations due to the differences in legal and political systems of different countries. Despite the sharp differences that exist in these countries, they can be used by investors or business people to the advantage of their operations. This paper is going to discuss ways through which the differences in the legal and political systems create misunderstanding and, at the same time, the manner with which it offers business opportunities in the international market. The paper will also explore ways through which businesses can overcome these challenges and use them to their advantage. The legal and regulatory environment is a critical factor for any entity that wants to engage in business at any place in the world. For instance, the United States has a set of regulations and policies that govern how businesses conduct themselves within their boundaries. Due to the fact that there are no global regulations that manage businesses like rules that govern contracts and protection of patents, there are differences that exist as a result of the variation of laws in countries. Business corporations that conduct their businesses all over the globe often face inconsistencies in regulation in different countries. In order to counter this challenge, businesses operating within the US boundaries must abide by laws of the country and those of other nations that they intend to expand their business to (Nye, 2002). The history of US companies reveals a lot of obstacles met in trying to comply with the laws of foreign countries. A good example is Coca Cola which met resistance from Italian legislation when it opposed the idea of printing ingredients on th
Introduction Political scientists provide varying definitions of the sovereign body. As a rule, it is viewed a legitimate entity that exercises full legal and administrative control over people who live on a certain territory (Hansen & Stepputat 2005, p. 10). There are various theories that strive to explain the formation of the sovereign body and its major activities; probably the most important one is the theory of social contract. It is based on the premise that people can give away some of their individual rights to the state that can defend them against injustice. This paper is aimed at showing that a fully sovereign body cannot be fully bound by any law, not even the social contract itself. In particular, this essay will show that the state can abuse its authority if people do not actively monitor its policies and do not participate in the political life of the country. It can be done by exploiting the differences in people’s interests and manipulating their opinion. The social contract can be the key to the formation of the sovereign body, but it does not always limit its authority. Moreover, it does not ensure the accountability of the state. This is the main thesis that has to be illustrated. The sovereign body and the sources of its legitimacy In order to understand why the power of the sovereign body cannot be fully bound, one has to look at different ways in which it can be established. Among them, it is possible to single out tradition, charismatic leadership, and the consent of people (Hansen & Stepputat 2005, p 25). In the first case, the authority of the sovereign body usually, a monarch, is accepted because such a form of government has existed for a long time. In other words, the longevity of the sovereign body serves as the major justification for its legitimacy. The rulers, who acquired their power in such a way, can abuse it by arguing that this authority was granted to them by the right of birth or even by God. Very often, such people act as absolute monarchs, and there is no external body that can restrict them. Secondly, it is possible to speak about charismatic leadership in which that the sovereign, usually a dictator or a monarch, is believed to possess some extraordinary intellectual qualities or a high degree of moral integrity. In this case, the power of the sovereign body is also not limited in any way. More importantly, each decision that such a person takes is justified by his or her alleged wisdom, intelligence, and insight. Normally, such leaders strongly rely on propaganda in order to justify their policies. The most complicated case is the consent of people or their agreement to give away some of their rights for the sake of achieving common goals and interests. Overall, the social contract is believed to be the most optimal way of creating the sovereign body because the governed people can set limits on the state and ensure that this entity is accountable for its policies (Morris, 1999, p
Value at risk analysis Value at risk analysis approach is one of the techniques that have been widely used to quantify and measure financial risks with a given period in an organization, a financial institution or even an investment portfolio. Risk managers utilize Value at risk (VaR) to counter risk levels through the application of counters and measures. The latter is critical in determining the levels at which a firm can absorb its losses. It is imperative to note that VaR can be measured in three variables. These include the time frame within which a firm can absorb losses, the amount of loss and the confidence level. Theoretically, VaR is calculated using three distinct methods through the application of Monte Carlo simulation. In this case, users can execute multiple hypothetical trials on price returns of stocks being sold.. Variance-Covariance Unlike the historic al method which uses actual data, this method employs familiar curves. Besides, the historical method organizes actual data returns in a systematic manner. Credit value adjustment Credit value adjustment (CVA) is used to hedge a firm from possible losses that might arise when counterparty default takes place. It also minimizes the amount of capital required in the calculation of CVA. Different strategic risk management paths Risks are known to drive several firms to develop new strategies on a daily basis which they use exploit and take advantage over the risks while generating value. This has led to the desire of any firms to engage their activities in emerging markets that have low or substantial economic and political risks. While this minimizes risks, it limits a firm’s ability to exploit other potential markets. Besides, some have embraced IT in order to gain advantage over increasing competition. However, technology has been affected by a number of issues such as cybercrimes, hacking and credit frauds. Businesses are impacted negatively by such setbacks. Risk and value taking are some of the paths that firms embark on since they employ the model of cash flow to pay off risks. This is manifested in managing cash flows on existing investments by making better financialdecisionsbased on the risks a firm takes. In this case, a risk-averse company will ensure that it engages in few investments. Outlineof risk management approach The use of appropriate approach to riskmanagement is critical in entrepreneurship. An outline of these approaches entail:   * Exploitation of risks. This involves responding to risks in a firm in the most effective manner. Exploiting risks involves getting access to timely and accurate information on competitors, events and equally responding to them in an effective manner. The response must be fast enough. Hence, a threat from any source can b
Introduction Most scientific revolutions involve the rejection of previously held views, which are proven to be incorrect, to adopt new ones that match newly gained knowledge. As such, it is essential that the new theory, as well as the facts it is based on, are objective and indisputable. The requirement raises the questions of scientific objectivity and legitimate knowledge. Findings that are not disprovable and are therefore considered facts may become invalidated as technology advances and new measurements become possible. As such, understanding of the core concepts of knowledge is necessary to understand paradigm shifts. Scientific Objectivity Objectivity is essential to scientific research, particularly in matters that are often too complicated to allow full analysis, such as medicine. Many studies are unable to obtain accurate results and have to rely on statistical data. This information is prone to biases, both on the side of the participants and on that of the researchers. Understanding scientific objectivity is vital to considering the validity of gained evidence and the possible influences that may sway the conclusions of the study. Wit