ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In his book, Mitchell (1988) points out the importance of roles, rules, and rituals in the maintenance of a group of people. The author states that different members of a group are assigned to fill different roles; the rules and rituals are shared by all members. The three aspects of group maintenance serve to regulate the group’s behavior, allow them to identify themselves as opposed to other groups and draw them together (Mitchell, 1988). Central Outreach & Advocacy Center (OAC) is a group of committed people helping the homeless and abused. They were started Central Presbyterian Church in Atlanta, GA. Central OAC has a small staff and uses the help of volunteers. The volunteers work with guests individually and render miscellaneous services. Within an organization of such a small scale, it is logical that some roles may fluctuate between members of staff and volunteers. The acknowledged and unacknowledged roles and functions of some staff members and volunteers can be presented in the form of a short chart. Name                 Title                     Acknowledged roles                                                                           Unacknowledged roles                                                                    Kimberly J. Parker   Executive Director        Supervising staff, volunteers, and visiting groups, developing service programs.             Public speaking, fundraising, case management, preaching.                               Alicia B. Wilson     Case Management Director  Developing case management programs, care programs data analysis, evidence-based management  Volunteer management, preaching.                                                        Lashawnda M. Carter  Development Director      Fundraising, PR management, special events coordination.                                     Internal communication management, copywriting, staff, guest, and volunteer motivation. Zindi Tate           Volunteer                 Art Ministry leading, teaching art.                                                          Guest motivation and assistance.                                                         As we can see from the chart, at least two major staff members engage themselves in volunteer and case management and preaching. Also, both staff members and volunteers assist guests and motivate them. As to the rituals, such occasions as worships and various classes take place regularly, providing guests with a feeling of belonging and being cared for. The volunteers and preachers look after their guests; the rules are those shared by homeless shelters and similar organizations: the guests are to communicate with the staff and volunteers, keep the place clean, watch their hygiene, share their thoughts on improving the place and helping, if necessary. In return, they receive medical, accommodation,
Introduction Marketing research is a marketing discipline that connects the customers, the public, and the consumers to a particular marketer by means of information. Marketing information helps marketers in coming up with strategic marketing decisions that can enhance the marketing process and monitor its progress. Due to the increasing change in current market and market diversity, there is a critical need to carry out package redesign for market products in order to catch up with the emerging market requirements, and revitalize the product’s brand. Brand equity is strategically a vital aspect when it comes to brand market analysis (McDonald, 2007). Importance of marketing research The marketing outcomes and effects result from a market product without a brand name when compared with the same products with brand names. Giving the orange juice products a new packaging is important because the company can decide to charge consumers the premium prices. However, before going forward with the package redesign program, orange juice Company should evaluate the company’s brand equity and other crucial elements such as profit margins, consumer’s familiarity with the product logos, market share, visual elements, quality perceptions, brand language, and other important brand values (McDonald, 2007). Packaging research is important for under-advertised brands or non-advertised brands. Product package in a retail shop greatly influence consumers when making decisions on the items to buy. Good package copy and design attracts consumers to buy a particular product (McDonald, 2007). There is a need to address the orange juice consumer’s concerns when making a decision to change the product’s packaging. The company needs to change the existing brand package with respect to a prior research on consumer’s objectives (McDonald, 2007). There is a need for great care in the process of final package design evaluation
We live in the world which is constantly changing. That is why we should follow all the modern tendencies and react to all the changes. To live a successful and effective life, it is necessary for us to be active and ready for our self-development. The features of our life depend on the intentions, goals and aspirations. The peculiarities of our everyday life and of the attitude to the reality can be mostly conditioned by the professional intentions and objectives. Those who have determined their aims can learn the means of how to achieve them. That is why we do our best to cope with the challenges of this way effectively. Thus, the sentence of the life can be formulated as following: determine your personal goal and be ready to reach it in spite of all the difficulties which you can face on the way. Our life is full of various aspects that can attract us, and our interest in them can contribute to our development. If we are interested in work with people, we can always choose the profession which gives us the opportunity to communicate and to interact with a lot of people every day. The sphere of hotel management is the best choice for those who prefer to work with people, who take interest in the peculiarities of people’s life and for those who are ready to make this life more comfortable and more vivid. Moreover, the work in the sphere of hotel management can be considered as a real challenge because you must be able to react to different situations, to solve the problems and to make right and constructive decisions immediately and efficiently. Thus, if one of the main objectives of your life is a professional success, you should be ready to plan the life according to the specific requirements of your occupation. When you see the goal you can analyze all the ways to attain it as quick as possible. Your personal experience and background can help you to do this effectively. One of the most important conditions of your successful attaining of the goal is your planned actions. It is impossible to stop your moving to the goal. You can do this only for increasing of your potential. To reach significant goals in the hotel management, it is necessary to work out an exact plan of the actions for their further realization in different periods of time and to analyze your personal resources. Moreover, it is important to determine those aspects which can be corrected. You should also learn the necessary material for your work every day, to be interested in all the news in the sphere, to practice and be ready to your success. Hotel management is a competitive sphere which is in the progress all the time because of the development of the human resources which are involved in this process. To succeed in this field, you should learn a lot of special details and secrets of a prosperous hotel manager. You can examine a lot of aspects of good cooperation and personal interaction, study many business and management strategies to become conversant with all the modern trends in
Introduction: Creativity and creative industries Creativity can be referred to as developing of a new substance that has never existed; it could be a solution or product. Creativity occurs if one invents something new that has never existed, or if it exists elsewhere, the creator is not aware of it. Creativity can also refer to a new process of tackling something or inventing a new idea. One can also introduce an existing product into a totally different market. With the emerging technology, upcoming industrious people are able to create their work and hence establishing outlets for their creativity as a way of promoting and distributing their creative work. The creative industries may include design, architecture, writing and publishing, music, photography, and performing arts. The screen production such as in the television is inclusive. Hence, creative industries are economic activities that concentrate on the generation of knowledge and ideas. These industries are usually as a result of an individual creativeness inclusive of talents and skills (Queensland University of technology, n.d). Nevertheless, the creative industries contribute widely in a country’s economy due to their uniqueness in their operations, thus attracting many clients from within and abroad. Creativity yields creative industries, which in turn lead to employment, growth, and development in a country. Hence, creative industries contribute to gross domestic product (GDP), in distribution term and job creation (Henry, 2007, pp 9). To build creative organizations, knowledge and leadership is required; therefore, the presence of an ideal leader is important. This is a person who has the capabilities of spotting an idea that suits well with the needs of an organization. He is an entrepreneur who finds ways of selling and guiding his/her through implementation. He is however conscious of how his ideas can be affected by contradicting actio
Introduction Gout is a disease that expresses itself in acute joint pain, which is caused by inflammation and has several stages of manifestation. Patients with this diagnosis can avoid symptoms, successfully treat them, and control the course of the disease. This essay will analyze the main causes of gout, the stages of its development, anatomy, and pathophysiology, as well as the course of treatment with the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Main body Gout is a metabolic disorder that causes inflammation in joints, most often of the big toe, but knees, elbows, or wrists can also be affected. The cause of inflammation are tiny needle-like crystals that accumulate in joints due to elevated uric acid levels (Institute for Quality, 2015; Kuo, Grainge, Zhang, & Doherty, 2015). The reason for the growth of uric level may be a decrease in renal secretion, excessive consumption of purine food, as well as a high speed of the production of uric acid because of cell death or an increase in the turnover of nucleoproteins (Edwards, 2018). Gout has four phases that are expressed in varying degrees of symptoms. The first phase is asymptomatic deposits in tissues, and the second is the acute phase of rapidly developing inflammation (Engel, Just, Bleckwenn, & Weckbecker, 2017). The third phase is intercritical periods in which symptoms do not appear for a long time between acute attacks, and the last one is a chronic stage, which is characterized by constant inflammation in joints (Engel et al. 2017). These stages can be alternated and delayed by timely prescribed therapy. Standard treatment implies a diet, as well as taking medications that reduce uric acid levels with repeated attacks of gout. It is also necessary to take anesthetic and anti-inflammatory medicine to overcome bouts of pain. People suffering from gout should avoid eating fatty, salty, high-protein foods, and alcohol. According to research, a more active lifestyle combined with diet can lower uric acid levels by up to 18% (Engel et al. 2017). Drinking more fluids is also recommended as it reduces the risk of repeated attacks. The cardinal points of treatment are the elimination of pain by taking painkillers, lowering the level of uric acid during periods of exacerbation, as well as following a diet, and taking medications to prevent repeated attacks. The most common drugs for treating gout are ibuprofen – “Advil,” “Motrin”; colchicine – “Colcrys”; “Mitigare”; oral prednisone – “Deltasone”; allopurinol.- “Zyloprim”; febuxostat – “Uloric”; and pegloticase – “Krystexxa” (Institute for Quality, 2015). The first phase of gout is hidden, so there is no medication for it. During the acute phase, no later than 24 hours after the onset, it has to be used anesthetics, colchicine, or prednisone. In intercritical periods and for treatment of chronic gout, the patient can take allopurinol, febuxostat, or pegloticase, as well as similar drugs that maintain an acceptable level of uric acid in the body. NSAIDs cannot be prescribed for longer than one or two days, and patient
In the USA the amount of freshwater used in gas and oil industry goes up to more than 36,000 m 3 in the period from 2011 to 2014 (“Circle of Blue: Study: Fracking Water Use Varies in U.S. Oil and Gas Development”, par. 1). The water is needed in all the fields and technics applied in fossil fuels extraction. The contaminated water later on is being dumped into injection wells and cannot longer be used as a freshwater. Should the companies continue using fresh water from the natural resources or apply other ways of getting water appropriate for their use, that are more expensive is the topic to be discussed in this essay. Clean freshwater is an extremely valuable source in the world today. The lack of it is a serious problem in many regions of the planet like African countries, Middle East countries etc. (“Water.org: Millions Lack Safe Water” par. 2) It is a sad irony that the majority of gas and oil natural reservoirs are located in the same regions. As big gas and oil companies operate there, much of the water is getting significantly contaminated during the process of extraction both by chemicals and particles of soil and mining rocks. The unlimited freshwater withdrawal can affect the local water sources causing the shortage of essential natural resources and thus leading to local ecological catastrophes. Not to mention the general situation in the world when almost all natural sources of freshwater are shortening drastically due to global warming and the population growth. That is why the preservation of freshwater sources is an extremely urgent action that should be made as soon as possible. Hopefully, now it is not too late. Big gas and oil companies like British Petroleum, that operates in almost 80 countries and produces 3.2 million barrels of oil per day (“BP Global: BP at Glance” par. 2) claim that they state environmentally friendly policy. BP reports approximately 28 million m 3 of total freshwater withdrawal in 2014 (“BP Global: Water” par. 6); and it proclaims that the freshwater is taken from the natural reservoirs and municipal drinking water suppliers with all the required permissions. The company also claims that it uses treated saline water, and the water that is preliminary cleaned within the corporation’s facilities gained from municipal wastewater plants. The BP operates $18,435,266 as shares in issue with the cost of buyback shares $ 4,795.6 (“BP Global: Share Buyback and Shares in Issue” par. 1). As the number of buyback shares reduced significantly in 2014 if to compare to the data of 2013 (“BP Global: Share Buyback and Shares in Issue” par. 2), it can be concluded that BP gains more trust. That causes the increasing of assets and means that more costs can be spent in the field of water sources management improvement. This is a serious issue concerning the oil spill accident in the Gulf of Mexico that took place in 2010, and was a serious challenge to the British Petroleum’s reputation (“Ocean Portal. Gulf Oil Spi
The 19 th and 20th century experienced an avalanche of war and genocide worldwide with an estimated over 160 million people loosing their lives (Clodfelter). Such a tragic fact is a testament to former President John F. Kennedy’s view that tyranny, poverty, disease, and war are indeed the four major ills that plague mankind and the universe. It was during his brief/ influential yet tragic presidency that the early phases of the Vietnam War commenced, one amongst the cadre of mass wars and destruction. A post Cold War era military conflict initiated by the French, the Vietnam War spanned November 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975 with the fall and capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese. In 1973, the U.S. Congress passed the Case-Church Amendment which officially ended U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. Vietnam or the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is an easternmost country situated on the Indochina Peninsula located in Southeast Asia. With over 89 million inhabitants ranking it the 13 th most populated country in the world, Vietnam is bordered by the People’s Republic of China, Laos, Cambodia, and the South China Sea. Since its independence from China in 938 AD, Vietnam flourished and lived a relatively peaceful existence until 19 th century French colonization which brought about politically divided country (North and South Vietnam). This political division ended with the 1975 North Vietnamese victory as well. An exact death toll of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians killed has been hard to determine however, historical data/statistics renders a staggering three million plus. 200,000–300,000 Cambodians , 20,000–200,000 Laotians , and 58,220 U.S. servicemen and women lost their lives as well (Hirschman). Gender, age, creed, race, religion, etc., environment, key components of culture, affects how an individual perceives him or herself, others, situations – the world at large. In addition to these components, the entire infrastructure of people’s culture (political, economic, educational institutions, etc.) is interwoven with personal impressions, ideas, emotions, etc. Culture is conveyed thru many elements, with literature being one. Vietnamese literature for centuries was in the form folkloric tales and poems. Modernization came via exposure to Western culture in the 19 th century. The Vietnam War/massacre is the backdrop for the critically acclaimed 1995 novel, The Sorrow of War: A Novel of North Vietnam by iconic Vietnamese novelist and short story writer, Bao N
The human figure is a prominent subject in the art of most time periods and cultures. Its depictions have progressed from simplified and symbolic to anatomically correct and highly detailed to symbolic and twisted once again. This essay will investigate the stylistic approaches of different times and artists the subject by examining two paintings currently displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The works in question belong to two famous artists: Rembrandt van Rijn and Pablo Picasso and are both portraits of a woman. Nevertheless, the two paintings have few similarities, and the highly varying approaches to the same subject matter make them suitable for a study of the methods of displaying the human body. Flora The Flora is a portrait by Rembrandt that is on display in Gallery 964 of the Met Fifth Avenue. The artist painted it close to 1654, and it depicts the Roman goddess of spring (“Flora”). Rembrandt had never been in Italy, unlike many of his contemporaries, but the country’s imagery, its art style, in particular, significantly influenced his work. The painting did not have a model, although it may have been partly based on Rembrandt’s wife, Saskia (“Flora”). Saskia had served as the inspiration for many of the artist’s works, although she had died a decade before the creation of Flora . 1654 is a late period in Rembrandt’s style progression, which is marked by the subdued colors and the rough paint handling. According to Liedtke, the painter adopted this approach in the 1640s instead of the more theatrical and confident way he used before due to the changing tastes of the public as well as his life circumstances such as the death of his wife, his numerous affairs, and his financial issues. Nevertheless, Liedtke adds that Rembrandt stayed a prolific creator for decades after 1640, producing various highly acclaimed works of art and inspiring other artists. The Flora was one of such pictures, created when the artist’s style reached maturity. Flora is depicted against the dark, featureless background of a studio. The approach is not unique, but most depictions of the goddess tend to display her in her domain of spring, surrounded by plants and flowers. It can be inferred that Rembrandt wanted to concentrate on the depiction of the person as opposed to the mythological concept or the symbol of growth and spring. This approach would also explain the subdued spring motifs of Flora herself. She wears a hat decorated with blooming plants, holds flowers in her right hand, and has more in the fold of her skirt, but the greenery is an additio
ISO ISO is one of the strategies put in place to ensure that organizations can provide goods and services that meet international standards concerning quality. The government of the UAE is under obligation to ensure that its departments abide by these standards considering that Dubai is a regional hub of commerce and this means that there are so many people who come to purchase and sell goods and services and they hail from different parts of the world. The government of the UAE has its health facilities that compete with those owned by private entities. The public health facilities have been struggling to receive ISO certification but then various challenges were hindering the achievement of this certification. This paper will shed light on the challenges that had to be overcome and also the outcomes that followed the implementation of ISO standards. Challenges of Implementing ISO One of the obstacles to implementing ISO certification has been found in the area concerned with the training of employees. This is one of the requirements that must be fulfilled before an organization receives the certification. Rahman (2001) argues that the problem here is caused by a lack of adequate funds to facilitate the training of employees in the health sector of Dubai. The government of UAE allocates funds to public clinics annually, but then how the money is used is decided by the administrators of those units. This implies that a clash of interests among the administrators could slow down the process of training the hospitals’ employees. Bayati and Taghavi (2007) further state that the training programs are meant to create awareness on the need to meet international standards. It is certain that decision-making processes in public entities is influenced by politics and was found to be further complicating the issue. The training is meant to ensure that administrators and employees are knowledgeable on how they are supposed to implement the standards. Also, the training creates a favourable environment for a smooth transition because the entire organization is enlightened about the changes that have to be introduced and how they are likely to affect their daily routines. Auditing is also important before the implementation of ISO certification because it is meant to promote accountability and transparency in financial reporting (Koc, 2007). This means that public clinics in Dubai have to present honest and reliable financial records. It follows that the records must be vetted by an external auditor after the internal auditor has finished computing the values. There many institutions that have complied with this requirement. However, the majority of them are yet to comply possibly due to lack of proper mechanisms of carrying out the defined tasks. Additionally, leadership is essential in achieving international standards. This is because the people at the top-most level are the ones who should be spearheading the implementation process. Their willingness and commitment are what wi