ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The political world is built on numerous speeches, ideas, and suggestions. American history is full of amazing speeches from people who wanted to achieve particular purposes, who failed to achieve something important, and who demonstrated unbelievable power and faith in a safe future. One of the speeches that enriched American history was delivered on March 18, 2008. The author of the speech was then-Senator Barack Obama, who is now the President of the United States of America. Obama’s speech was a response to the spike demonstrated by the Reverend Jeremiah Wright concerning the racial aspect of American life. In his speech, Barack Obama makes a magnificent attempt to address the issues of racial dishonesty and white privilege that is still observed in America, to describe the “black anger” that is inherent to the vast majority of American citizens, and to evaluate how controversial Wright’s position actually is; the success of the speech is one of the most powerful proofs that Obama raises the questions which bother the country and prevent nations’ appropriate development. Barack Obama’s speech is a unique collection of ideas which attract America’s attention from the very first lines. To demonstrate how serious his intentions are, Obama begins his speech with the bright message that “we the people… to form a perfect union” (Obama, 2008, paragraph 1). With the help of this phrase, Obama focuses on several significant aspects: he deserves the right to be a member of the chosen community; he believes that America is a powerful and almost perfect country; he does not find it necessary to divide himself from the rest of society, and he has something to say and to do to improve the situation and make living conditions better. One of the most evident components of his speech is a retrospective review of the past and his roots. It is very important to develop a strong body the context of which is properly understood by young people who want to consider their present affairs and by mature people who prefer to appreciate their past to improve future. “I believe deeply that we cannot solve
Introduction Misconceptions are mistaken thoughts or ideas about something or a certain topic. Often times, misconceptions result from lack sufficient knowledge, understanding or correct information about something or an issue. Misconceptions may therefore mislead people and cause them to make even more mistakes out of their ignorance. Misconceptions occur in almost every area of life, unless corrected in good time. This paper discusses few of these misconceptions. Common Misconceptions about HIV and AIDS Many people have a misconceived idea that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the same as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This is wrong because in as much as HIV is probably the cause of AIDS, a person with HIV does not necessarily have AIDS. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, the disease. Many people live with the virus for a very long time before they suffer from the disease itself. Other misconceptions revolve around the transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Some people believe that the disease is a making of the government, meant to eliminate the Africans, Homosexuals, and the Africa-Americans who many perceive to be sexually hyperactive. Others still say that God in a bid to curse and punish the world sent this disease to people and especially the promiscuous lot. Others says that virgins are safe from the disease, while others believe that when they have sex with a virgin they will find cure from the disease. However, these claims are scientifically unsound for there is no research available to validate them. Another grave misconception is that, two HIV-positive people do not need to use any protective measures because they are already infected. The danger with this mistaken idea is that the individuals may end up contracting more strains of the virus and exposing them to more dangers and complications leading to the development of full-blown AIDS. Others believe that one can contract HIV from the toilet seats, hugging an infected person, eating from the same plate with an infected person, kissing and even shaking hands. Unfortunately, all these are misconceptions because the claims laid therein do to have any scientific proof. Misconceptions About Evolution Many creationists believe that evolution does not exist or no one has seen it. However, other creationists agree with scientists that there has been a change in gene composition over time; this is evident in the fact that some insects develop resistance to some insecticides with time. Some creationists see sense in evolution because of such facts, but they still hold that evolutionist should not use this to justify the origin of all living things from a common ancestor. Another evolution misconception is that evolution is just a theory that science has not proved it. Scientists say that by the fact that it is called evolution theory does not mean that it is not real or factual but a set of principles, like other laws in science, which pass for theories yet they are facts. Biological Misconceptions In Biology, some people believe that a duck’s quack does not have an echo. All sound however give echoes, it is only that a huma
Introduction Reviewers have a wide range of instruments for criticizing research works. Generally, “the tools raise questions that help the reviewer ascertain the degree of accuracy in the research” (Coughlan, Cronin, and Ryan, 2007, p.660). The questions may be divided into two groups based on their intentions. Some questions seek to determine the credibility of the research, while others seek to determine the integrity of the research. The credibility questions concentrate on determining if the researcher actually qualified for the study. On the other hand, the integrity questions focus on the vigor of the research method. They seek to identify if the researcher observed the established research guidelines. They help to determine the trustworthiness of the research. Using the integrity questions, this paper will criticize research conducted on students’ enrollment at Roosevelt University. Research objectives According to Burns and Grove (1999), research objectives ought to establish a connection between the research question and the order in which the research is conducted. Research objectives ought to be clear and precise. Moreover, they should be in line with the information contained in the literature review. In this research, the objective given is clear, understandable, and precise. The researcher was direct in coming up with her research objective. At times, researchers fail to meet the objectives of their research due to the use of ambiguous words or phrases in the research objectives. Whenever there is the use of ambiguous words or phrases in research objectives, it becomes hard for the pollsters to identify the path to take in conducting their study. Eventually, the pollsters fail to come up with accurate research. In this research, the objective is very clear. The words used in stating the objective are clear and unambiguous. Hence, any researcher conducting this study would establish the path to take during the research process upon reading the research objective. Research design Research design determines the method of data collection and analysis that research will assume. A research design ought to bring out the proposed plan for the anticipated research. The research design comprises of the research questions, accounts for the data collection and analysis techniques to use during the study, and focuses on the academic framework (Robson, 2002). The research design used in this study was appropriate. The design accounted for a data collection method where the pollsters administered interviews to students and the marketing manager of Roosevelt University. It would be hard for the study to meet its objectives without coming up with a data collection method. The decision to conduct exploratory research gave the pollsters a room to access numerous sources of information to reinforce their study. Moreover, it gave them time to have direct interaction with their research subjects, thus getting firsthand inf
Objectives The students will learn basic information (not very detailed) about the development of heliocentric thought in the Middle Ages and its significance on the later development of science and culture. Materials Used: textbook, pictures depicting Theocentric universe and Heliocentric universe, an extract from the video about middle ages (first minute and a half to be shown). Standards Addressed & Expectations of the Student Hunter and Russell (2005) point out that it is important to make students aware of the objectives of the lesson to make it more effective. Thus, the lesson will start with short discussion about students’ ideas about the place of the Sun and the Earth, and other planets. At this point it is necessary to introduce the term “Heliocentric”. Then the teacher asks whether the students know what people thought about it in the Middle Ages and hint (if necessary) that medieval people thought that Sun was moving around the Earth. After this the teacher articulates that the lesson will deal with medieval superstitions and the dawn of Heliocentric thought, and its significance on the development of the societies. Anticipatory Set The teacher asks such questions as: How do you think what role the Church played in the development of Heliocentric ideas? Why? Was it important to prove that the Earth was moving around the world? Instructional Input According to Willingham (2005) it is important to evoke students’ meaningful thinking, so that they could memorize facts and draw cause-effect connections between them. Thus, to make the students plunge into the atmosphere of the Middle Ages, the video about the Church power will be shown. The students will acknowledge that the church was very powerful, and this is one of the reasons why it could not let people free from superstitions. Then the work of Copernicus (and display of pictures illustrating his theory) will be discussed and juxtaposed with Theocentric ideas and the reaction of the Church. It will be also pointed out that a bit later Galileo published a work where he considered and supported Copernicus’s theory, because of that there was a trial over him. Guided Practice/Monitoring The students will be divided into two groups. Representatives of one group will go to the blackboard and write one argument supporting Theocentric theory, and the other group will write down arguments for Heliocentric theory. Closure In the end
Can we have a polluted environment and a healthy society at the same time? A polluted environment means an unstable and unhealthy society. The effects of pollution are so many, as they range widely. It would be hard to have a healthy society in an area where there is pollution. Pollution causes damage to human and animals, plants, as well as the entire environment(Plattenberg, 2007). Globally, the types of pollution that are common are air, water, and soil pollution. According to several researches done, it is evident that the impact of pollution may range from a minor discomfort to complex diseases. The people who suffer from mild discomfort because of pollution may tend to ignore the issue. The seriousness of pollution impacts is realized when complex diseases arise such as cancer or physical deformities. Whether minor or complex effect of pollution, all leads to unhealthy living. Air polluted area would probably result to unhealthy people suffering from lung inefficiency, respiratory problems, asthma attacks, and infected physical body organs. Water pollution would result to serious complications such as typhoid, Amoebiasis, Ascariasis etc. Soil pollution results to worse effects to human beings such as leukemia, brain damage to young children, kidney damage, and fatigue(Rana, 2006). Nevertheless, it would be hard to maintain health in a polluted environment. Policies of addressing healthy environment Maintaining environment health is a highly crucial aspect in the society. Citizens find it hard to avoid pollution, but there are measures that can be put, to ensure minimized environmental pollution. Any form of pollution, leading to serious diseases like cancer and body organs failure should be avoided totally. In efforts of trying to handle the issue of environment pollution, there are vital steps that would be considered first. Close observation of any chemical released to the environment without any control would be crucial. All the offensive trades that might be taking place within cities should be inspected to ensure that they are licensed, and their disposal guaranteed. Any application of intended development that is likely to cause environment pollution should be assessed closely(Malabika, 2009). It would also be the responsibility of citizens to present complains of any form of pollution, which they may experience. Any form of pollution that may cause harm to human and animals should never be given a chance. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that I have proved beyond any reasonable doubt that, a polluted environment cannot sustain the people’s healthy status. Although Larry used to take water direct from the creek, and did not suffer from a serious illness that would be defined as luck. However, although Larry did not witness serious complications, biologically he caused himself some internal bodily harm. For people to be secured in the society, pollution should be minimized starting from homes, businesses, institutions, industries, and even recreational areas(Malabika, 2009). I
Sault Ste. Marie Baseball is a not-for-profit organization that plans to enter the Canadian Baseball arena. The team will be for players aged 15-35 and will come from Sault Ste. Marie who will play at Sinclair Yards, on Black Dirt road. The organization will liaise with the other existing baseball teams to build up one strong Canadian baseball team. The organization will exclusively be run by volunteers, sponsorship, and registrations. The organization operates a total of three fields where Sault Ste. Marie Baseball offers baseball games throughout the summer season (Gmelch & Nathan, 2017). Sinclair yards measure 75’ x 75’ with adequate facilities, including change rooms, indoor washrooms, pop machines, covered picnic table, conference room, concession stand, and an office. The state of art stadium stands as one of the most memorable places in Sault Ste. Marie city. The organization is under Baseball Canada, which oversees the Canadian baseball league. Baseball Canada is the governing body of baseball in Canada. Founded in 1964, Baseball Canada is based in Ottawa and forms a membership with the Canadian Olympic Committee and the International Baseball Foundation (Gmelch & Nathan, 2017). There are two leagues which consist of major and minor leagues. Sault Ste. Marie community members have many competencies which could be used to build on engagement to an endlessly dynamic environment, striving to reach a diverse range of youths across all aspects of daily life. Sault Ste. Marie Baseball will target such members of the community who can participate in myriad activities to actively participate in the team. Currently, there is only one major team, the Toronto Blue Jays, founded in 1977 (Gmelch & Nathan, 2017). The minor league has Vancouver Canadians and Winnipeg Goldeyes, which is based in Manitoba. Sault Ste. Marie Baseball The team’s name “Sault Ste. Marie Baseball” has a special connection to the city and the league. Sault Ste. Marie is strategically located in the heart of great lakes and a climate that creates ideal conditions for a wide spectrum of activities all year round. It provides a good foundation for the youth to showcase their talents in baseball. The team, therefore, draws its strength from the city name, which has sprouted talents across varied sports activities. Whilst the team is named after the city, most of its players and fans will come from the city and localities. In addition, most activities are fan-controlled, meaning that Sault Ste. Marie fans have a great influence on the actions of the team. The name gives the city a meaning to boast with its great ventures as an added recreational activity. Teams have also been known to be brand ambassadors of their locations globally. The name hence sales Sault Ste. Marie across different destinations, which in effect attracts tourists. It is through this attraction of tourists that the city will gain foreign exchange and simultaneously grant the team more sponsors. Bran
Introduction Pelasgus, the King of Argos, has just had a group of fifty sisters arrive at his shores together with their father Danaus. The sisters are escaping from forced marriage to their cousins, the fifty sons of Danaus’ twin brother Aegyptus (Bakewell 303). The sisters, together with their father, plead with the king to grant them permission to reside within his kingdom to escape the lecherous pursuit of their husbands-to-be and their band of captors, led by Herald of Egypt. Matters at stake for Pelasgus The first matter that is at stake for Pelasgus is his authority. Pelasgus’ kingdom is a sort of consultative monarchy and Pelasgus seems to draw his right to rule from making decisions that are arrived at consultatively, and are in the best interest of the people within the Argos kingdom. Therefore, although he feels compassion for the group of asylum seekers, he cannot make a unilateral decision because any opposition to such a decision within the ordinary people of the Kingdom might create discontent and thus challenge his authority. His Kingdom is also at stake. Pelasgus realizes that there is a distinct possibility that were he to grant asylum to the gro
Introduction The issue of foster care in the world has recently increased with the increase in the number of the neglected children in the communities. Some kids live with both parents, other with single parent while others are completely neglected with no parent to care for them. This has necessitated the need for foster families which lives with these neglected children. In the United States, for example, the government plays a big role in instituting and supporting the foster family programs. Foster parents are the people who take the responsibility as a parent to a neglected child. It has been alleged that there is lack of parenting to kids in foster families. This paper is an annotated bibliography on how foster kids are treated in foster families and the negligence of foster families and the bad services provided to the foster families. There are discussed in the sections below. Annotated bibliography foster kids are treated in foster families and the negligence of foster families and the bad services provided to the foster families Source 1. Handbook of parenting: theory and Research for Practice According to Hoghughi & Long (17), parenting in foster families is more difficult than in intact families. Foster parents face great challenge while bringing up the kids. A significant factor contributing to this factor is the past history of the child. If the child is beyond the neonatal period, then the issue of attachment usually arises since attachments are typically formed with caregivers from about six months of age onwards. Foster parents giving foster care to children who are beyond infancy usually forge relationships with the children who have gone through the loss of a parent whom they had primary relationship with. Research has revealed that infants placed in foster care between birth and 20 months of age form secure attachments with foster parents at the same rate as biological parent. The other factor affecting parenting in foster families is the constellation of attitudes and expectations held by the parents themselves, including impermanence and the consequent possible lack of emotional investment. These factors pose a great challenge in the provision of parenting to those children. The lack of attachment of the foster parents and the kids denies the kids the experience of parental care. The past life of the kids is also difficult to cope with by the foster parents. Parenting the kids in foster families depends on the age of the children. For infants, it becomes easier to adapt to the new families and parents and the parents are able to provide the due care to the kids. Source 2. Child Abuse Risk Factors: Contributing to Physical and Emotional Abuse and Neglect Craft (6) explains that the children in foster families are exposed to risky situations rather than getting the parental care they need. He explains how the children are abused in the
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is the main international legal instrument identifying the status and functions of the diplomatic representation in the governments. The Convention is comprised of fifty-three articles regulating the rules and orders of the diplomatic relations establishment and termination and defining the norms of the diplomatic status assignment. The larger part of the Convention is devoted to the diplomatic immunities and privileges for diplomatic personnel and their family members (Yavuz 164). Immunity The immunities are granted to the Heads of the States, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the heads of other higher governmental institutions during the time of their official stay at the foreign territories. The immunities guarantee exemption from jurisdiction and from “all dues and taxes, personal or real, national, regional or municipal” (“The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations” 1074). The immunity is regarded as valid only in the case when a diplomat is on the official mission in a foreign country and has an official accreditation. Therefore, diplomatic immunity is functional – it is limited by the scope of diplomatic functioning. Inviolability Members of the diplomatic agency cannot fulfill their functions while obeying the governments of the receiving states. Therefore, the diplomats are granted with the personal inviolability that guarantees the security from the arrest or persecution (Paksas 98). Any act of violence directed at the diplomacy representative is regarded as an action against the state itself. The personal inviolability is valid on the territory of the state throughout the diplomat’s functioning. Thus, a diplomat can enjoy total personal freedom as well as freedom from the restrictions in his/her work. Asylum Diplomatic asylum is commonly defined as “the privilege of the ambassador’s personal inviolability to his dwellings” (Den Heijer 401). In the Vienna Convention, nothing is mentioned about the asylum issue. However, article 41, par. 3, states: “The premises of the mission must not be used in any manner incompatible with the functions of the mission as laid down in the present Convention or by other rules of general international law or by any special agreements in force between the sending and the receiving State” (“The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations” 1077