ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
First Personal Opinion I have chosen to express my views on the topic about a necessity of wearing helmets by the motorcyclists, as this issue is highly discussed these days. I believe that wearing a helmet should be an obligation since it a primary source of protection while riding a motorcycle. The effectiveness of helmet is rather high, as the number of fatal injuries decreased to 27 % (Dee 398). Moreover, wearing a helmet is a necessity for the motorcyclists, as they are less protected compared to the car drivers and their passengers (Fernandes and Alves de Sousa 1). Consequently, it is apparent that wearing a helmet is an essentiality and has to be a requirement for motorcyclists, as it protects their lives. Arguments Supporting I also think that no exceptions and modifications have to be introduced regarding wearing the helmets’ law. In my opinion, it should be an obligation for everyone including children and adults. The government is responsible for health and safety of its citizens. Consequently, wearing a helmet has to be a requirement. It is widely known that a lot of traffic accidents occur every year, and a majority of them includes motorcyclists. Furthermore, the level of fatal injuries remains high, as only a small number of riders is wearing helmets (Singh and Aggarwal 9). It is vital to contribute to making wearing a helmet compulsory for citizens of all social classes and ages to decrease the number of deaths. No exceptions are allowed, as not wearing a helmet might be a primary cause of death. Second Personal Opinion I also decided to express my point of view regarding the necessity of special requirements for certain categories of citizens, as it is an additional vehement question for discussion. I believe that it is necessary to introduce certain regulations for the elderly. A primary reason for that is the fact that many accidents with the elderly drivers occur (Abou-Raya and ElMeguid 290). This problem occurs due to the fact that elderly is unable to react to the changes rapidly. A
The Last Emperor is a Chinese movie that captures the history of China and makes people have a look at the most exciting parts of the history of this country in comparison. It depicts the biography of the last emperor before the implementation of the communist regime. The movie under consideration points to the difference between the mode of life people lead before and after the establishing of the Communist Regime, it shows the story of a man who had everything and lost it in one day when he was arrested and considered as the betrayer, a great emperor of the millions becomes a prisoner, but what was a real jail, a Forbidden City which he could not leave or the prison which he had managed to be out is the question everybody should think about after the final scene of the movie. The Last Emperor is focused on the life of Puyi, a man who became an emperor of millions when he was only three years old and died as unknown man. Puyi grows up in the Forbidden City and is not expected to leave the gates. Possessing great power and the ability to do whatever he wants, being able to punish and to show merci, Puyi becomes a hostage of this power, Puyi is unable to leave the place he lives in, the Forbidden City. He plans to escape to England but his tutor advices that he gets married instead. Later, he is forced out of the Forbidden City and runs to Manchuria with his family. Even though he does not have real power, Puyi is given a post as an emperor by the Japanese, but his wife leaves accusing him of betraying the Chinese people. During the World War II, Puyi is arrested and imprisoned by the Chinese Communist Party. The Cultural Revolution formally aimed at improving the life of the people who lived in China is really directed at the establishing of the dictator regime via violence and unfair imprisonment (Su 182). The movie refers to the social and historical forces in China to develop the plot and the characters. The character of the emperor is brought out clearly as it was in the Chinese history. The emperor life was dictated by the traditions of the dynasty. What he wears to what he eats and who to marry are part of the traditions. He is expected to live within the walls of the Forbidden City and yet he has power over those beyond the walls. His shelter, the Forbidden City is built on a more than 250 acres land with 9999 different rooms. The plot captures lack of a strong leader in the dynasty. Watching the movie, it becomes understood that there are two time lines in the movie, the one where Puyi is an emperor (starting with his young years) and another one where he is imprisoned. The whole movie may be divided into three parts. The first part is the imprisonment as a war criminal, the second one is the recollections from the childhood and youth and the final one is the life of a person who was influenced by the ‘positive’ revolution reforms (Terrill 247). The first sc
History of the crime Laci Peterson, a 27-year-old wife who was eight months pregnant, disappeared on Christmas Eve, prompting a nationwide search. But when the bodies of the Modesto, Calif., woman and her unborn child were found four months later, her husband, Scott, was charged with two counts of murder. Scott Peterson is supposed to be cradling his infant in the baby blue nursery he renovated for the boy. Instead, he sits in a drab jail cell charged with murdering his pregnant wife and their unborn son. The happy life Peterson, a handsome 30-year-old fertilizer salesman, seemed destined to have will never come. His vivacious wife is dead, the child he appeared eager to raise is gone, and Peterson’s future may include death row. Prosecutors say Peterson killed his college sweetheart wife, Laci, a 27-year-old substitute teacher who was about a month away from delivering their first child, dumped her body in the ocean and then told her family and police detectives that she had simply vanished from the Peterson insists he is innocent and has no idea what became of his wife. His supporters maintain that the police investigators decided early on that he was the culprit and refused to examine other leads in the case. Media outlets across the country were drawn to the story of the pregnant woman with the bright smile who vanished on Christmas Eve. Even during the war in Iraq, the search for her and the ultimate arrest of Scott Peterson led the news. From the start, public suspicion fell on her husband. Scott Peterson told detectives that he had last seen his wife on Dec. 24 at 9:30 a.m. when he left their home in the La Loma neighborhood of Modesto for a solo fishing trip in Berkeley, about an hour and a half drive away. Laci, he said, had plans to go grocery shopping and then walk their golden retriever in nearby East La Loma Park. But when he returned home that night, she was gone. Her cell phone and purse were still in the house, and a neighbor said she had spotted the couple’s dog running loose at 10 a.m. and locked him in the Peterson’s gated backyard. Police searched the park, but saw no sign of Laci Peterson. Meanwhile, relatives and friends posted fliers and organized search parties. Volunteers joined with officers in helicopters, on horseback and in boats. Thousands of concerned citizens combed the city of Modesto and then fanned out across central and northern California, looking in drainage ditches, rivers and farms for any sign of the missing woman. Within days, the family had raised a $500,000 reward, but there was still no sign of Laci. The district attorney has said he intends to seek the death penalty. “Christmas is over for us,” Laci’s older brother, Brent, said after three-days of fruitless searching. “We all feel empty and want our sister returned.” Police were convinced early on that Laci Peterson had met with foul play. A bloodhound’s handler told authorities that his dogs were indicating she left her home in a vehicle, not on foot. And Laci’s mother, Sharon Rocha,
Introduction Interpersonal relationship is such a fragile thing that needs a complex of efforts people are to make to succeed in communication. Among all the factors that influence the way the relationships are established, culture occupies a significant position. One can realize the close interconnection between the culture where he or she lives in and interpersonal relationships he or she has, only being put under the circumstances that test his or her ability to understand the foreign culture, to adjust to it and to preserve the relationships notwithstanding the changes that a new culture might bring. Main text The main character of Pushing Hands , the film directed by Ang Lee, one of today’s greatest contemporary filmmakers, occurs in just the same situation. Master Chu, brilliantly played by Sihung Lung, is a retired Chinese Tai-Chi master who starts to live with his son Alex, his American daughter-in-law Martha, and their son Jeremy in Westchester, New York. An elderly Chinese man’s appearance in his son’s home causes inconvenience for the American family. Especially, it concerns Martha: she experiences much trouble with her second novel that is caused by Chu’s presence in the house. At the beginning of the film Martha is depicted as an egoistic and even vicious woman. She seems to be absolutely satisfied with her hairdo, her eating habits; Martha’s main concern is her weight, her poor parenting skills, her disinterest in sexual relationships, etc. With all these troubles she does not have time to think about the difficulties that her guest experiences. She does not only fail to help him to adjust to the culture that is new for him, but she even worsens the situation. The elderly man in her home evokes her constant complaint and indignation. Martial arts remain the only Master Chu’s relief in the alien environment, but this is a source of disturbance to Martha’s peaceful home. Such trifles, as Master Chu’s unawareness of the fact that tin foil cannot be put into the microwave, increase the irritation of his daughter-in-law. The opening scene of the Pushing Hands prepares the audience for intrusion into the life of the American family. Martha is busy with her computer, whereas the elderly man does his Tai Chi exercises in the adjacent room. As they both know no language of each other, there is no dialogue between them. This mute scene symbolizes the absence of the contact be
Scientific method is defined as a process that is used to comprehend phenomena by developing a hypothesis, learning and experimentation in order to be able to forecast the phenomena again. There are different scientific inquiry processes. All these inquiries are based on three principles. These principles are making observations, forming hypothesis and hypotheses testing. The first step in scientific inquiry is spotting a problem, which are followed by carrying out an experiment. After this, the next step involves analyzing the data collected from the experiment. Lastly, researcher makes a conclusion depending on the already collected and analyzed data. Every step in the scientific method inquiry process is of paramount importance as it reduces the chances of anyone carrying out research to influence the result due to personal bias (Kumar, 2008). Research example of the scientific method and identify each step within your example Street families, this becomes the problem identified. A researcher can ask how to alleviate street families in cities. Next researcher examines past studies about street families in the city. After this researcher collects data on the street families in the city after which he analyzes data and lastly makes a decision based on analyzed data. Quantitative research is defined as systematic empirical inquiry of any social phenomena through mathematical, statistical and computational techniques. The goal of the quantitative research is to come up and use mathematical theories, models and hypotheses relating to a given phenomena. Quantitative research has to use measurement process to show how its findings can be expressed mathematically. In simple terms, quantitative research does ask straightforward narrow questions. Data is then collected in numerical form such as a percentage and statistical. This is done with a hope that after analyzing data, analyzer will get unbiased results. Unbiased results enables researcher to make informed decisions. This eliminates the chances of making mistakes in decision-making. Qualitative research is defined as a method of inquiry used in various academic disciplines in social science and market research. The primary reason to carry out qualitative research is to understand people behavior and forces that lead to such behaviors. Qualitative research tries to explain why and how a decision is made. Qualitative research gives information about the cases only studied and not for generalization. This research is used to evaluate people’s attitudes, values, motivations, culture or aspirations. It usually uses i
Introduction Psychiatric therapy refers to a form of treatment whereby a therapist (an expert who deals with mental and emotional disorders) holds session(s) with a single patient or a group with the same problem(s) in a bid to help them overcome such stresses. Group therapy on the other hand refers to a situation whereby a set of patients seeking counseling, normally ranging from four to ten in number, sit with the psychotherapist and share their experiences with the aim of learning from one another and from the psychotherapist on how to overcome their challenges (Marino, 1994, p. 5). It is usually a chatting treatment and seeks to raise a person’s or group sense of their own welfare. Psychiatric therapists make use of a variety of procedures founded on pragmatic association development, discussion, communiqué and conduct transformation all which are aimed at perking up the rational wellbeing of a customer(s), or to get better group associations, for instance in a family unit. The unrelenting progress of the use of group method of therapy that involves physical or electrical therapeutic treatment in the psychological health line of work has resulted in quite a number of prospective tough situations that relate in particular to group work. As qualified therapy providers are required to direct the course of increasing groups as time goes by, it is imperative that a comprehensive foundation in the ethical standards that relate to group therapy is set up. This is not only aimed at ensuring the protection of each and every customer, it also makes certain that the psychotherapist and the line of work are also secured (Charles, Kraus, DeEsch & Geroski, 2001, p. 31). As a result of the extensive use of group work in the psychological health sector, various bodies have made out sets of conventional principles that lay down anticipated ethical conduct when guiding groups. These entities consist of the American Psychological Association (APA), American Counseling Association (ACA), and Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) The major ethical matters and principles connected with group work are recognized in two most important parts; the ones falling under the grouping members’ civil liberties and those under the psychotherapist’s duty. Knowledge of the ethical principles founded and well-known for group therapy by the APA, ACA, and ASGW gets counselors geared up for the potentially multifaceted ethical matter and catch-22 situations that always pop up in group work. The intrinsic power o
The contract is an agreement between two or more persons to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations. A contract is the most common type of transaction. The content of the contract includes the rights and obligations of the parties concluding the contract and the conditions under which the contract enters into force or loses it. The concept of the contract is used in three meanings, the contract as:  1. Legal fact, the basis for the emergence, change, or termination of a civil legal relationship;  2. Agreement of the parties, providing for the rights, obligations, and the procedure for their implementation;  3. A document that contains a specific message and the content of the contract is its conditions, which are divided into essential, ordinary, and accidental (Hutchison & Myburgh, 2020). Ordinary conditions – conditions provided for by law and come into effect automatically, regardless of their indication in the contract. Random conditions supplement or change the usual conditions. Such conditions are included in the text of the contract at the discretion of the parties, but their absence does not affect the validity of the contract. All contracts can be classified into several types, differing from each other according to some criteria (Hutchison & Myburgh, 2020). Unilateral – in one party, the contract gives rise to rights; in the other – obligations; and bilateral – at the conclusion of the contract, each party acquires both rights and obligations. In addition, there is a division into paid, implying the property representation of one party due to the counter-property representation of the other party (Stewart, Swain, and Fairweather, 2019). Also gratuitous – property representation is made by only one party (Hutchison & Myburgh, 2020). It is important to emphasize that the contract of donation, that is, a free gift, belongs to the second type. However, the promise is not a contract since the basic conditions are not met, allowing to assert the legal conclusion of the transaction. Separately, it is worth considering an option contract as a se
Introduction Dallen J. Timothy and Gyan P. Nyaupane, in their classical tourism book titled, “Cultural heritage and tourism in the developing world: a regional perspective” observe that every region in the world possess unique histories, cultures, political traditions, heritages, issues and problems and the methods that have been employed in solving the various different issues differ from one region to another 1 . Cultural heritage tourism, as it may be known has evolved from the understanding that heritage constitutes a fertile ground and area that people (tourists) can draw pleasure and learning experience. Therefore, this assignment is going to be an assessment of cultural heritage tourism particularly dwelling on tutankhamun heritage and exhibitions. Factors that have contributed to tutankhamun mania Tutankhamun exhibitions are constituted as part of National Geographic exhibition, which is run in several parts of Europe and America 2 . Tutankhamun exhibitions rest on the tendency of National Geographic Society to showcase to the public the most prominent figures that guided and ruled the old Egypt in the last 3000 years ago 3 . The paramount theme of the exhibitions has put more focus and emphasis on the 18th Dynasty, which is calculated to be about 250-year period when Egypt was characterized by dynasty rule and the society was at the peak of artistry 4 . Tutankhamun mania can be seen to have resulted due to interplay of several factors. First, staging of tutankhamun exhibition around the world is seen to have being transformed with regard to management and the focus is gradually shifting as an academic venture to more of commercial activity 5 . Commercialization of tutankhamun exhibition has been accompanied by massive advertisement and promotion an aspect that has ignited among many people desire to learn, know and even marvel at these Egyptian heritage. Another aspect that is leading to tutankhamun mania in many parts of Europe and America has to do with the content and enrichment of tutankhamun artifacts 6 . Just imagine bringing live the history of around 3000 years ago in a more subtle and captivating way. This is what tutankhamun exhibition is achieving. More people are just excited to read Egypt’s long-time unique cultural heritage that is depicted in the tutankhamun exhibition. Many people have developed curiosity to know and even see numerous copies of all the famous pieces of Tutankhamun tomb and history 7 . Moreover, curiosity for knowledge and contextualiz
Introduction The criminal justice system has transformed over the last few decades and today very few cases of discrimination are reported. However, it is also incorrect to say that in the current system we do not grapple with unfair treatment while administering justice. In the 20 th century, the racial divide especially in the United States was highly signified by crime and punishment. Although the divide has been reducing in the 21 st century, unfair treatment in the criminal justice system is still influenced by gender and ethnic backgrounds. As it was routine in the past 50 years, members of the minority ethnic groups were denied bail, charged indiscriminately or punished inappropriately (McNamara & Burns, 2009). This research seeks to explain the racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system as well as identifying the system’s response to public perception of bias. Brief definition The criminal justice system is made up of government institutions with the mandate of maintaining social control, obstructing and averting criminal activities, punishing law breakers and effecting rehabilitation (McNamara & Burns, 2009). Gender and ethnic discrimination in criminal justice is any form of unfair execution of the above mentioned mandates to the public. The system is made-up of three major departments which are the legislative, the adjudication, and the correction department (McNamara & Burns, 2009). The legislative department deals with the creation of laws to govern the system. On the other hand, the adjudication refers to the law courts where cases are handled. Lastly, the correction department includes the jails, prisons, probation department and the parole (The Criminology and Criminal Justice Collective of Northern Arizona University, 2009). System’s gender and ethnic bias In the current globalised world, we might have won against discrimination in the justice system. Nonetheless, there are still some aspects that have proved the existence of bias in the system. There are some ethnic minority groups that are unduly represented in difficult criminal justice cases (McNamara & Burns, 2009). This is true in both the international and local platforms. Ethnic and gender bias in criminal systems is explicitly shown through the seriousness given to these cases and the strength accorded to the evidence. Across the different discretion points, ethnic and gender disparities play a major role in determining the outcomes in the criminal justice system. Differences in cultural and ethnic beliefs are factors that must be considered in order to have a fair justice system. Minority groups suffer unfair treatment in terms of offence-seriousness, offending history and socioeconomic status. For instance, in the American criminal justice system, the chivalry thesis applies. This theory suggests that women are treated more leniently compared to their male counterparts in the American system (McNamara & Burns, 2009). Nonetheless, women also have their own thoughts regarding the criminal justice system. Acco