ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The notion of public health has now become closely associated with the demonstration of relevant statistical data. According to the research, the primary importance of statistics disclosure concerns the demand for quantitative justification of scholarly considerations (Hebl, 2003). When looking at healthcare statistics from a diachronic perspective, it becomes evident that the most notorious and explicit use of such data traces back to Florence Nightingale’s intention to reform British military healthcare (Feinleib, n.d.). With the help of collecting relevant data on causal factors of death in the military, she tried to identify tangible solutions for the issue. Later, in 1946, when the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2018) was established, the organization decided to apply the statistics calculation methods to the paradigm of US health care, establishing a starting point for public health genesis and further development. There are various examples of how statistics change the patterns of health care practices. For example, when the Epi Info, a statistics-oriented computer program, was developed in the 1980s by the CDC (2019), epidemiologists across the state were able to record data in a way that guaranteed a more rapid and efficient response by health care. Moreover, the introduction of electronic health records (EHR) systems contributed to the development of an explicit ecosystem of statistical data that provides both practitioners and public bodies with relevant healthcare precedents encouraging immediate response (Sharples, 2018). Thus, it may be concluded that the introduction of statistics to the field of health care resulted in a dramatic change in terms of approaching public health, treatment, and the genesis of epidemiology. Moreover, statistical data presented by such organizations as CDC and WHO provides residents with a new perspective on their health and habits.
Generally, literary experts – namely, authors, poets, and playwrights – create fictional works that reflect the regimes they live in. In other words, most literary fictional works reflect the prevailing socioeconomic and political realities of their creators. Similarly, literary experts may develop fictional works that reflect their personal experiences. Through their works, literary experts thus explore various aspects of their life experiences. By examining the events going on at the time of creating their works, literary experts satisfy the rules of historicism. In addition, literary experts reflect their personal experiences through their works. In other words, historicism has to do with how literary works reflect the reality of the time period in which they are created. Historicism is reflected in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour narrative. To expound, this tale reflects certain aspects of the author’s life experiences. By making the concept of death a central feature in the narrative, Chopin reflects the various deaths that characterized her life. The narrative is about a certain lady’s perplexing response after receiving news of the sudden demise of her husband. The woman’s response indicates an inclination towards feminism. This idea is evident through the woman’s defiant stance towards her husband’s demise. It is as if the lady defies social conventions about female subordination. Toward the close of the 19 th century (1894), when the narrative was authored, the concept of feminism was emerging. This development could have inspired Chopin’s portrayal of the lady. In addition, Chopin mostly grew up in a female-dominated society, hence her inclination to advocate for female empowerment (Jacobus 63). The author was mostly mentored by female characters, an experience that could have inspired her to value female supremacy as is evident in the narrative. All in all, it is clear that Chopin’s The Story of an Hour narrative depicts historicism since it dwells on death as it gravitates towards female empowerment, aspects that were real in the author’s personal life as well as in the society at the time the tale was written. To illustrate, The Story of an Hour narrative is based on the supposed death of Brentley Mallard – the husband to Louise Mallard – thus reflecting a number of real life deaths that characterized Chopin’s life. In 1855, when the author was just 5 years old, her father died in a rail accident. This death was significant to Chopin. The death is reflected in the narrative through Brentley’s sudden death. Just like Louise – Brentley’s wife – is suddenly made a widow in the narrative, Chopin was made an orphan by her father’s death. Later, death stalked Chopin by claiming her great grandmother to which the great granddaughter had become very close (Toth 22). This real life death is reflected in The Story of an Hour narrative through Brentley’s death that somehow brings grief to Louise – the widow. Afterwards, Chopi
Introduction HOME, Inc. presents an important non-profit organization that claims to support media literacy and artistic expression in Boston. The previous assignments related to the utilization of archival resources have demonstrated the recognition of the organization’s previous endeavors by local news media reviewing Boston’s cultural life. This paper is aimed at listing the remaining things to learn and discussing the potential of historical research in exploring HOME, Inc.’s past and present. HOME, Inc.: Key Aspects of Interest My current greatest interests include the full scope of HOME’s activities since its first days of operation and the history of its cooperation with Boston’s artistic community, including the resulting arts projects. To start with, the available sources about the organization, including both archived news articles and notes on the official website, provide rather fragmented information about HOME’s past prominent projects and collaboration with other non-profit organizations in the area (HOME, Inc. & Scholastic Media Association, n.d.). Next, although the organization mentions its participation as an organizer of art exhibitions and the provider of artist-in-residence services, the chronology of relevant projects and achievements in this area is hard to be established only from publicly accessible sources (HOME, Inc. & SMA, n.d.). Based on personal interviews with Alan Michel, HOME’s programs peculiar to youth media production, such as Teen TV, gained much more media coverage compared to its strategies to support Boston’s citizens of creative professions (Consortium for Media Literacy, 2014). Addressing these gaps could shed light on HOME’s role in promoting Boston’s urban culture. New Information to Learn New information that I am hoping to learn is closely linked to the aforementioned areas of interest. To develop a holistic understanding of HOME’s scope of activities, I would use interview questions that center on the evolution of the organization’s current mission and the COVID-19 pandemic’s influences on HOME’s practices in delivering media teaching services and opportunities for residency candidates. Some information that I would like to learn to reveal the full picture of HOME’s role as an arts incubator includes the history and recent changes to HOME’s artist-in-residence program and examples and the uses of the resulting artworks. Finally, responses from HOME’s representatives regarding the types of media aside from video art that are of interest to the organization within the frame of the residence agreements would be helpful. HOME, Inc., Neighborhood and Community Regarding HOME’s relationship to the neighborhood and community where it is headquartered in, it would be essential to gain primary source information peculiar to the organization’s activities in the South End neighborhood and partnerships with other non-profit service providers in the past and nowadays. The official website offers rather generic data on HOME’s interprofessional collaboration with Boston Public Schools to serv
Executive Summary Human resource or workforce in an organization is a crucial element and the driving force of all the other elements, for instance, the assets. For this reason, they should be handled with great care so that they are always motivated to ensure they perform at their best. This will not only lead to individual excellence but also better performance of the organization as a whole. Motivation among employees could be achieved through various means, for instance, through provision of incentives and rewards. This could either take monetary or non monetary form. In designing compensation and reward systems, some considerations should be put in place to allow for success depending on different employees’ needs. The best ways through which they could be motivated must be sought. For instance, some would prefer being assured of job security to interesting jobs, others would prefer favourable working conditions to productivity and achievement while some would go for satisfaction of social needs rather that ego and job satisfaction. These differences could be brought about by cultural differences. It is, therefore, the task of the human resource management to take all aspects into consideration to ensure that all employees are motivated at all times. This will help in increasing productivity and profitability, which will be made possible through efficiency, effectiveness and economy in carrying out different organizational procedures and processes. Introduction Human resource management is an organization’s function that entails all aspects that are associated with the work force in a particular organization, company or institution. It entails aspects like recruitment, coordination and control of the people working in an organization. Some of the issues linked with human resource management include hiring, compensation and benefits, safety and welfare, communication and motivation, employees’ performance management and administration and training among others. Human resource management is an essential function in every organization as it enhances overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization through smooth running of all the activities and operations that are carried out in the organization. It falls under one of the major components of the management function, which is staffing and the other ones being planning, organizing, coordination and controlling. The human resource in an organization is a valuable asset that determines the success or failure of the organization through their efforts towards utilizing other assets in the company. It is, however, only through their proper management that maximum efficiency, effectiveness and profitability can be achieved (Mathis and Jackson 2008). This paper discusses various aspects associated with human resource management with much emphasis being given to the issues of reward, motivation and incentive systems for the staff currently employed at the Japanese subsidiary of Sujdavdan. Background Information The concept of reward, motivation and compensation has evolved over the last century in different parts of the world espec
Acquisitions and mergers in the automotive industry Increased globalization of the world economy has led to the merging of companies in related industries in recent years. Various reasons lead companies operating in disparate locations and markets to join into a single operation. Price (1987, and in Fitzgibbon & Seeger 2000) describes a merger simply as the “formal joining or combining of two corporations or business.” The merging of entities that have previously operated separately is motivated by several factors, but three prime reasons are noted for the increasing spate of mergers and acquisitions in the recent past. One of the prime reasons for the merging of separate operations into a single business entity is synergy (Fitzigibbon & Seeger 2000). The companies coming together appreciate that opportunities exist for much more efficient production that each individual is unable to achieve. Having been in operation for several years, such companies notice areas in which their operations could be complemented by the companies with which they merge. Another reason that makes companies merge is the desire to increase competitiveness (Fitzigibbon & Seeger 2000). In a continuously globalizing economy, companies with a global presence have the ability to compete more effectively than those whose operations are limited to a single company or limited locations. A larger corporation is able to take advantage of increased economies of scale, which the smaller corporation cannot. Ultimately, the merging companies aim to increase shareholder value (Fitzigibbon & Seeger 2000). When greater competitiveness is achieved as a result of the merger, the companies stock prices increase, thereby benefiting the shareholder. The way a merger is carried out will depend on the size and financial muscle of the companies involved. Two companies of equal size and strength could merge in an operation that recognizes the equality of the two different organizations as well as each company’s strengths and weaknesses. In such a situation, the merging companies will join together to form a new organization as equals. However, mergers sometimes are not a matter of friendly mutual agreement and sometimes actually involve a hostile takeover. The Daimler Chrysler AG Merger In 1999, the Daimler Benz corporation of Germany merged with the Chrysler Corporation (Fitzigibbon & Seeger 2000). In merging, the two companies aimed to create a company with a global presence and to bring the strengths that each company had to the global automobiles market. At first sight, the companies appeared to be equal partners in the merger. Fitzigibbon and Seeger (2000) note that the companies at the t
One way to minimize distracted driving might be to employ creative technological solutions. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood has been discussing a chip that will turn off the driver’s phone while he is behind the wheel with car-producing companies. However, a similar result can be achieved by using GPS-synced apps, which will track the position of the car and the driver’s phone, preventing texting and calls while the car is moving. Such a solution would be much more elegant as it would require no additional hardware and take much less effort to develop. The problem with this solution is the lack of onboard computers in many modern-day cars. However, it can be easily overcome by offering drivers charging devices with GPS-tracking capabilities, which can substitute any hardware lacking. Such stations can be produced cheaply and distributed through automobile accessories stores. They can also be outfitted with additional functionality, like GPS signal amplification and a stand to hold the phone being used as a navigator, making the device more convenient for the drivers thus making them more likely to use it. The technological solution is undoubtedly the easiest way to enforce the legislation by making it almost impossible to violate. Another way to make sure people stay focused while driving is to make insurance companies provide the incentive for drivers to do so. It was the research by insurance companies funded Highway Loss Data Institute which compared crash rates from states prohibiting and allowing texting while driving and found that there was no improvement. The insurance companies are bothered by the issue. With governmental approval, the companies can start to punish the repeated offenders by increasing their insurance payments. As senior vice president for research with the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Anne McCartt noted drivers are aware that driving while using a phone is not safe That means all they need to stop is a good incentive. And the fear of increased insurance rates seems like a convincing argument to stop texting and driving. Combining this solution with the software described above can allow companies to not only penalize but also encourage diligent drivers by giving them a discount for using the software and submitting the data it gathers to the company. That will give drivers a good reason not to use their phones behind the wheel without abusing legislation and constant fear of punishment.
Stress is a common mental health problem that bothers all people despite their age, geographical location, gender, or race. Nowadays, more than 70% of people admit that they experience stress regularly (American Institute of Stress). However, my awareness of statistics is not the main problem. The comparison of what I know about stress and what my parents know shows that our youth differs. At this moment, I do want to clarify what outcomes are waiting for me. In this essay, my task is to understand why the experience of stress varies through generations regarding such factors as statistics, the level of knowledge, and personal attitudes. I believe that statistics can be a helpful tool to comprehend why people of my age experience more stress than our parents did at our age. In the United States, the stress level among young adults has increased up to 30% in last 30 years (Sifferlin). People experience stress because of different reasons, including their problems at work, financial concerns, family issues, or love affairs. Today, it is easy to find a cause and admit that a person suffers from stress. Stress leads to heart problems and mental health disorders (Ross 15). Stress is a reason for and an outcome of millions of problems and diseases. Stress is everywhere. Still, the question is why stress was so insignificant and invisible when our parents were young. The point is that it is not difficult for me to find a number of definitions of “stress”. In several seconds, I can read that “stress is how the brain
Outpatient department in the Burke Rehabilitation Hospital is a department that works on the basis of the individually tailored programs and intensive patient experience. The hospital deals with “patients with physical disabilities resulting from orthopedic and sports injuries, stroke, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, cardiac disease, chronic pulmonary disease, arthritis, amputation and other causes” (Burke Outpatient Staff n. p.) The services of the department include “physical and occupational therapy, speech, language and swallowing therapy, and cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation” (Burke Outpatient Staff n. p.). Working in Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, employees are lucky to perform their tasks in supportive environment. Each employee has specific responsibilities and performing those employees can gain additional awards if the work is completed successfully. The conflicts among employees are solved by the head manager. A person can be fired for inappropriate performance of the working responsibilities or spread of patients’ personal data. Employees are forbidden to shift from one position to another (to perform the responsibilities of another employee) without direct agreement from the head manager. Employee satisfaction is a guarantee of success. One of the main ways to create the supportive environment in the organization and to make employees’ satisfied with their work is to focus on positive. Studer offers three ways to gain a desired goal. First, employer should discuss the wins and achievements of the department and staff. Second, leaders are to be united under the same goal. And third, employer should encourage staff to make the difference. These simplest rules help staff understand that they can do something good, help them work in one and the same direction, and do all possible to be creative in their performance (Studer 142). The author of this reading recommends conducting surveys with the purpose to understand the level of staff satisfaction and to correct something if necessary. The research conducted by Aiken, Clarke, & Sloane confirmed that nurse dissatisfaction with their work reduces their productivity that affects the patients’ condition (Aiken, Clarke, and Sloane 9). The quality of services is reduced as well that impacts the satisfaction of patients with the nurses and the hospital in general. Therefore, having considered all these facts, it is possible to make several recommendations for the staff manager of the outpatient department in the Burke Rehabilitation Hospital. First of all, an anonymous survey should be conducted with the purpose to understand the level of staff satisfaction with the hospital authorities and working conditions. The survey should include several questions which deal with various aspects of the working atmosphere. Attention to employees and their problems should be another aspect by the hospital au
On the first page of the book, Echecrates asks Phaedo whether he was there Socrates’ murder, particularly when he was instructed to take poison and Phaedo replies that he was there and his friend requests him to explain what Socrates said before his death. The conversation goes on the second page where Phaedo gives an account of what happened, including the last words that Socrates uttered before the prison attendant entered the room. In the third page, Phaedo explains the main reason as to why the government had to wait for long before executing Socrates. In the fourth page, Echecrates wonders which vessel was Phaedo talking about and he explains that it was the one to be used in ferrying government officials to Delos to take part in the celebrations. The fifth page is a continuation of the conversation and starts with Phaedo clarifying that he was not busy, and he would do everything possible to explain everything that took place during Socrates’ execution. In the sixth page, new characters are introduced in the dialogue. The seventh page is simply a continuation of the sixth page where Phaedo gives the names of strangers present during the execution. In the eighth page, as well as the ninth, Phaedo reports all the activities that went on in the room, including the views of friends and strangers on the decision of Socrates to pursue justice through sacrificing his life. Page ten starts with an argument between Socrates and his two close friends, Cebes and Simmias, who were with him until the end. In the eleventh page, some philosophical discussions take place, and Socrates buys in the ideas of Cebes on pertinacity. In the thirteenth page, Socrates is anxious to hear what Crito wanted to tell him. In the subsequent page, fourteen, Crito suggests that all philosophers are often unknown to the world, and many people misunderstand their actions. On page fourteen, Simmias concurs with the views of Crito and notes that philosophers should never be concerned with earthly things that aim at only satisfying selfish interests. In the sixteenth page, a new philosophical issue is introduced, which is concerned with the acquisition of wisdom, and it is noted that the body impedes the acquisition of wisdom. In the seventeenth page, Simmias is requested to give his view on whether absolute justice exists, but he fails to answer as the issue is controversial. On pages eighteen and nineteen, the issue of justice is discussed in detail, but the philosophers do not conclude. On page twenty, the dialogue starts with some philosophical discussions where Socrates observes that real thinkers should always be ready to die for what they hold as true, but they should never try to commit suicide in their lifetime. In the same page, the idea surprises Cebes because he believes that Socrates is contradictory in his statement, but Socrates offers an answer by claiming that human beings are properti