ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Chicago went through the worst race riot in its history which resulted from clashes between its population of both white and black people. According to Brent (2010), the white and black soldiers had just returned home from the World War I which had ended in November 1918. The white soldiers expected to get their jobs back while the black soldiers expected to be rewarded with jobs for participating in the war. The black people also expected an elevation to be able to acquire the jobs they could not get due to racialism. As the economy continued to contract, the blacks and whites started competing for the same jobs and this led to the build up of racial tensions which erupted in 1919 (Brent, 2010). This case study seeks to uncover the events that took place during the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, which started in July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3, the same year. The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 Racialism had taken root in ancient Chicago and the murder of Eugene Williams awoke the violence. Eugene was stoned to death by a rowdy white mob for swimming in waters reserved for whites only on Lake Michigan according to Velasco (2010). The gangs that ruled the streets of Chicago around 1919 came together with revenge in mind. The Chicago race riot of 1919 was triggered by this particular murder though many years before then, white men of Irish descent kept carrying out race massacres on the black people. The black people in turn wanted to hit back and the summer of 1919 seemed like the ideal time for the race riot. According to (Tuttle 1970, 65), the gangs were also fighting for boundaries and the whites wanted to run the west and south of Wentworth Avenue along the 43 rd and 63 rd street. The white gang referred to itself as the “Ragen Colts” and they made their intention of running this territory clear. They made their threat real by attacking the black people and by the time the war was over, 27 blacks lay fatally wounded. Other gangs that had taken root in Chicago around this time included the “sparklers”, the “Dirty Dozen”, the “Hamburgers”, the “Standard”, “Our Flag” and the “Aylwards”. These attacks did not stop here as the fight against the blacks continued to soar and out of the second attack, seven more black people were fighting for their lives from injuries inflicted on them by the white gangs using guns and knives. In his book, ‘Race Riot’, (Tuttle 1970, 24) details how the riots escalated because the police turned a blind eye on the atrocities that were being meted on the black people. No arrests were made and the white gangs went ahead with their racial massacre on the blacks undeterred. The streets of Chicago were marred by violence, lawlessness and antisocial acts and the blacks bore the blunt. Later, the Chicago Commission on Race Relations was to unanimously agree that the Chicago race riots of 1919 could have been contained if the police had taken action against the perpetrators. The black people of Chicago were angered and grieved by the turn of events and it hurt the
Life expansion may be described as a concept whereby the predicted lifespan of an individual is increased beyond the number of years people are currently living. According to Goodwin (2017), the maximum that a human being can live is about 120 years. Through technology, life expansion and longevity can be improved by applying scientific methods through thorough research on human genes that cause aging and finding solutions to age-related illnesses. Societal influences and behavior also affect the longevity of human beings in numerous ways. People’s lifestyle has been defined as a large contributor to an individual’s life expectancy (Olshansky & Carnes, 2019). The discussion below analyzes longevity and its links with technology and society. Works done by other authors will shed more light on the topic by providing the current and past status of life expansion. Definition and Its Link with Technology Longevity is observed each time a person visits a hospital to seek treatment due to illnesses or injuries. Hospitals generally provide care and treatment to the sick and, therefore, are a way of lengthening an individual’s life expectancy (Goodwin, 2017). Medical progress in a country can improve the lifespan of its citizens. Thus, advancement in medical capability using technology is one of the methods for increasing people’s longevity. History of Longevity The history of longevity can be traced back to the 16 th and 18 th centuries, where people worked on ways to improve the vitality of the elderly in society to lengthen their life. From Hippocrates’ time, there was a massive interest in increasing a human’s lifespan, the general health of senior people, and the diseases affecting them (Van den Berg et al., 2019). Though many disregarded the concept of longevity, it received appreciation in the 20 th century by various scholars and geriatricians (Olshansky & Carnes, 2019). Changing societal values and beliefs also affect people’s lifespan. PowerPoint Presentation on Longevity A PowerPoint presentation on longevity and life expansion will provide a visual illustration of the topic. This presentation mode is chosen due to the ability to use audio, videos, and images that will capture the audience’s attention. Thus, the exhibition will create a better visual impact. The presentation will show the relationship between longevity, lifespan expansion, and how the two are related to technology and societal trends. A comparison of the differences observed between people’s expected lifetime from various cultures will also be included. Canadian culture will be used to show how it relates to longevity as Canada has a high life expectancy. Policies on Longevity The presentation will also focus on various policies, which may influence life expansion. A country’s policies on housing, lifestyle, education, social relationships, access to medical care, and the procedures related to economic well-being affect longevity. Therefore, nations should create favorable policies on these factors to achieve the longevity of their citizens. A
Introduction Both human and technological systems continue to become more complicated by the day. In some cases, technology has proven so complex that even experts involved in various fields may not amicably understand their areas of specialisations (Clutterbuck 2013, p. 271). Too often, when we tackle this subject, we focus on a broad area of specialisation that involves computational ambience, machinery, the internet, and the wherewithal. However, many other factors continue shape this discourse in ways that transform humanity in its endeavours. How modern technology can be instrumental in counter terrorism continue to dominate debate with opinions split as to whether this might have negative or positive impacts on either side of the divide. Primakov (2004, p. 245) notes that the world currently relies on both human and technical intelligence to counter detect, deter, and thwart acts of terrorism before they strike. However, as much as human and technical intelligence is effective in combating terrorism, terror groups equally benefits from these opportunities to extend their hegemony. This paper seeks to explore the magnitude to which modern human and technical intelligence is instrumental in combating terrorism. Human and technical intelligence Technical or artificial intelligence refers to the brainpower exhibited by machines in dissimulation through action, thinking skills, reasoning, and behavior. As a study in an academic field, artificial intelligence developers’ attempts to equip objects with animate abilities to imitate humans and even execute some of the duties performed by man (Sandin 2003, p. 34). Mechanical engineers seek training in a wide range of technicalities that attempt to offer problem solving to which robot-like objects espouse such domineering intelligence to match human thinking skills ( US Department of Mechanical Engineering 2013). It is still subject to debate as to whether these developments will ultimately culminate into a perfect art that can always take a place of the human mind. With increased technology, computational proficiency guarantees mechanical engineers with the rare capacity to design and offer an insight into principles of integration and control especially for machinery equipment. This knowledge seeks to give robotic objects some air of human intellect capable of executing human orders. As Sandin (2003, p. 75) observes, this science delves much in feedback mechanism, signal sensing and processing to efficiently design and integrate human accuracy with automated systems such as robots. For many, robots are merely objects that imitate insects, animals, and human beings. However, in military science they could be effective gadgets for countering terrorism. While much these artificial animate ob
Carols who is a leader was interviewed in this case. He appeared to exhibit so many qualities that are ideal for a good leader in the modern world. His leadership style is mostly characterized by his ability to influence other people. He has a unique and appealing demeanor that makes others want to get associated with him and belief what he says. Indeed, his charismatic attribute makes his leadership very effective since he can easily mobilize other people to participate in a certain activity or project. This is typically enhanced by his strong communication skills and style. Carols speaks with authority and confidence, and in a manner that makes his audience feel entertained. Such qualities draw a big following to his leadership, hence making it a success (Glanz 56). The other leadership style that is strongly exhibited by carols is that he believes in and practices democracy. As such, he likes it when seeing everyone who is involved in a particular activity playing a participative role. He gives his subjects freedom to make decisions and recognizes their opinions concerning what they are undertaking. This is contrary to some leaders who issues commandeering directions without being questioned. His policy is that a consensus must be sought before a particular decision is reached. That notwithstanding, he is forced to make decisions on his own when a debacles come up, to pave the way forward. What is most interesting with this style is that he manages to eliminate rebellions and discontent amongst his subjects, as they feel valued and part of the team. He gives all the participants an opportunity to air their views concerning the prevailing matters hence motivating them (Kippenberger 36). Carols is a leader who is full of vision and dreams, and believes in sharing them with other people. He always likes inspiring other people, and giving hope and direction in what they are doing. He keeps on reminding his subjects to persistently work hard and set personal goals and ensure that they achieve them. It is no wander many other people seeks his input wherever they are in problems. He seems down to earth and people do no fear approaching him for whatever reason (Kippenberger 36). Carols has held managerial position in his work place for close to five year
Introduction The analysis of Japan’s colonial rule in Korea varies depending on the speaker and the period discussed. Korea had been Japan’s colony from 1910 until 1945. During that time, the country experienced considerable changes in political, cultural, social, and economic life. Some people consider Japan’s role in promoting Korea’s modernization as a positive one. These individuals say that since Japan assimilated some features under the Western impact earlier than Korea, it was able to implement many positive changes for Koreans. Another opinion is that Japan suppressed Koreans’ identity, denied their cultural values, had a negative impacted on the development of democracy, and disabled the attainment of gender equality. The supporters of this view argue that Japan exploited Koreans in their own country without presenting any benefits for people. The paper suggests an overview of different scholars and historians on the role that Japanese colonial rule played in Korea’s process of modernization. Changes in Social Life Modifications in Korea’s social life during colonization were associated with two paradigms that were “diametrically opposed”: orthodox and revisionist (Ha 39). The orthodox one concentrated on social control and constraints, political intolerance, destruction of cultural integrity, and economic exploitation. The revisionist paradigm is focused on the beneficial economic changes, cultural hegemony, and the socio-cultural impact of Japan (Ha 39-40). Revisionists blamed the orthodox approach for being too nationalistic. They argued that in spite of some negative outcomes of the colonial rule, the Korean economy benefited from it due to infrastructure accumulation and establishing bureaucracy (Ha 40). Although the two paradigms were radically dissimilar, they had some common methodological assumptions. Both orthodox and revisionist approaches had a “monosectoral” scope of reasoning and concentrated on economic problems (Ha 40). Also, both of them performed a “war of case studies” in which one instant of exploitation was opposed by another instant of development (Ha 40). As a result, the two paradigms were deficient in a theoretical framework (Ha 40). Such a framework could have helped them to perceive the extensive social and institutional effects of colonial rule. A crucial aspect of social life in Korea during colonization was the human rights movement. The reason why such a movement was initiated was that Japan prevented Korea from participating in modernization processes, which was accepted by Koreans with the opposition (J.-S. Kim 311). While Japanese colonialism subjugated any attempts to initiate a nationalist campaign in Korea, it promoted some “modern” social operations based on class and gender problems (J.-S. Kim 312). One of the most well-known campaigns of that period was the paekchŏng liberation movement. In 1923, a group of “hereditary outcastes” formed the Equity society that operated for nearly ten years (J.-S. Kim 312). The major purpose of the organization was the cancellation o
David McCullough, a famous historian and biographer, wrote this well-received and interesting book with the name “1776”. He describes the events that took place around the year 1776, which led to independence. McCullough divided the book into various sections according to the sequence of events and their importance   * Pre-Revolutionary Action.   * Dorchester Heights.   * Battle of Long Island.   * Fort Washington & Fort Lee.   * Battle of Trenton. In the 1760s, merchants moved to Piedmont with the express purpose of setting up trade. Most of their papers have not survived. Court records suggest that at least twenty-eight merchant firms traded in Orange County between 1762 and 1766. Some were connected to large firms in Scotland, England, or colonial cities; others were independent partnerships. In 1769, for instance, Richard Bennehan, a Virginian, and William Johnston, a Scot who was related to former governor Gabriel Johnston and to Samuel Johnston, a prominent eastern assemblyman from Edenton, opened their store about fifteen miles northeast of Hillsborough in Snow Hill, Orange County. Johnston also ran a store in Hillsborough in partnership with James Thackston. A minimum of twenty stores operated in Rowan County before 1776, and 125 taverns were licensed in that county alone. In November, word coursed through America that Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, had promised to liberate slaves who joined his troops and helped suppress the rebellion. Virginia’s radical congressmen railed at the “Diabolical Scheme” of “this Monster,” while the remaining reconciliationists in the province, now faced with the prospect of having their throats cut in the course of a slave insurrection inspired by their governor, turned their backs on the Crown forever. Nor were the shockwaves released by Dunmore’s act confined to Virginia. North Carolina, which had little history of assisting its neighbors, immediately dispatched 400 soldiers
Risk Analysis in Software Development Risk analysis is one of the most important parts of software development. On the one hand, it is a business-level tool that serves as a possibility to ensure that all the decisions are supported by evidence. On the other hand, they provide the developers with critical information regarding the vulnerabilities of the developed software and may protect the team from being exposed to numerous threats (Merkow & Raghavan, 2010). There are several advantages and disadvantages that can be associated with risk-analysis methodologies. Within the framework of modern software design, developers have to deal with quite a few limitations, so it is critical to analyze risks before getting to the development process. In other words, the ability to take into consideration typical risk definitions may be one of the core characteristics of high-quality software and efficient software risk assessment. In order to perform eminent risk assessment, the developers have to identify, rank, and mitigate all the risks that they find throughout the way. Overall, risk analysis is a complex process that has to be completed step by step so as to go in line with the development lifecycle. The two categories of evidence that the results of risk analysis have to dwell on include initial requirements and testing. Due to the multifaceted nature of risk analysis, it cannot be performed solely by the design team (Highsmith, 2013). It is a specialized subject that requires the understanding of business influence, legal proceedings, and the business model that has to be integrated into the software. This kind of approach allows the team to make assumptions when necessary and prevent the escalation of risks. During the next step, security specialists go through the list of assumptions completed by the team and compile a revised version of the list that consists of the most critical instances of threats. Nonetheless, modern software design hardly aligns with the traditional views of risk analysis. This is why the predictions are expected to provide statistically relevant results that can serve as a platform for the future risk mitigation (Davis, 2013). It is safe to say that software design should be one of the key aspects facilitating the process of risk analysis. Knowing that not a single software application is safe when it comes to vulnerabilities, one should perceive risk assessment as a tool that impacts the reputation of developers. All of the potential threats can be identified by means of decomposing the application and dividing it into a series of major components. The significance of risk analysis cannot be underestimated because it influences software development even at the
Program overview The FLE program provides training and techniques to assist individuals and their families tackle challenges. The program is offered to different groups. Create awareness against sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy. The programs include:   * Family support.   * Parenting skills and initiative.   * Help families to overcome teenage pregnancies.   * Communication skills.   * Parenting.   * Family relationship and teenage issues. Target Groups   * Schools.   * Churches.   * Individuals.   * Communities.   * Families. Goals To assist parents and their children with social and family issues. To prevent the occurrence of sexual abuse and teenage pregnancy. Objectives Provide solutions to life challenges. Create awareness. Train teenage girls against sexual abuse. Educate teenage girls to reduce teenage pregnancy. Activity Help families overcome teenage pregnancy. Justification Combat predisposing factors. Predisposing factors include:   * School dropout.   * Early marriage.   * Child abuse.   * Peer association.   * Poverty.   * Childhood intervention program. Evaluation strategy Evaluate the causes of teenage pregnancy after training. Outcome Sustained action against the occurrence of teenage pregnancy. Reduced cases of teenage pregnancy and sexual abuse.
The phenomenon of art comes from the human skill of creativity and innovation. It is an ancient technique that has existed for a long time. Art is more of a talent than a skill and typically, it applies visual forms such as the painting of sculptures and drawing of images based on real-life objects. The paper discusses the relationship between art and science for two great men named Leonardo Da Vinci and Galileo Galilei. Art inspired Leonardo’s science because of his illustrations made of moving water which was an observation he had made over time. He depicted the flow in time and space and also the conceptualization of how liquids move (Broomhall et al., 2019). Leonardo’s illustration was in the form of a single diagram. From the art, Leonardo described the wakes’ tricky nature and the vertical up-welling of water in the paths. The case of Galileo is similar to that of Leonardo in terms of influence as art-informed science. The reason is that Galileo was trained in art, and Edgerton argues that Galileo was a master of perfect drawings (as cited in Cooke, 1999). The influence of science on art is seen when Galileo responds to Cigoli’s letter. The response was scientifically justified because Galileo expressed that the eye’s abilities can only see objects. Criminal justice is connected to science because, for instance, forensic science is useful in investigating and detecting criminals. The techniques used are scientifically relevant and satisfy the theory that the discipline is connected to science. From the readings, both Leonardo and Galilei got their art to inform science. For instance, Leonardo used his drawings to measure water flow and compared it with the human nature of air.