ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Measures taken to facilitate the accountability process in the Kerara local government Accountability can be described as a state of responsibility. In this state, members are required to take responsibility of their actions and inactions by giving appropriate explanation. All public officers serving in pubic institutions must exercise accountability by accepting to take responsibility. They have to account for their actions and inactions while discharging their duties. The only way to ensure accountability in local government is to set up mechanisms that will hold all local government actors accountable for their actions. Accountability ensures good governance (Levy, 2008). To enhance accountability, the local government of Kerara has enforced and strengthened all its laws and regulations that relate to the governance of the local authorities. The laws require all public officials in the local government to account for their actions and inactions after a specified period of time. With enhancement of these rules and regulations, all the local government agencies and other actors in the local government are expected to give an account of how they discharge their duties. This helps to avoid misappropriation of resources and holds all local government officials accountable for their actions. The laws also create an environment that renders all the law breakers on notice. This might lead to their dismissal or arraignment in court for failure to account for their actions (Levy, 2008). The local government has also intensified its inspection, evaluation and monitoring of all local government work assigned to various departments and officials. Strengthening and intensifying the inspection, monitoring and evaluation structures enhances accountability by making sure that all public officials in the local government are inspected, monitored and evaluated. Any faults that are realized in the process of monitoring, inspection and evaluation must be accounted for by the actors in charge (Levy, 2008). The local government has put measures in place that facilitate and encourage wider information dissemination. Any information regarding the operation and services rendered by the local government has been widely disseminated to the public. Wider dissemination of information to the public facilitates the feedback process and promotes traceability (follow up). This mechanism holds the local government officials accountable to the public for their actions. Various suggestion boxes have been opened in various local government offices to be able to access grievances from the citizens and ensure that the grievances are appropriately addressed (Levy, 2008). The local government has enhanced its auditing processes and periods. Auditing is now done on time by more that one auditing firm to enhance comparison of the outcomes and implementation of the best outcomes. A follow up structure has also been put in place to ensure that the recommendations are implemented for accountability facilitation (Levy, 2008). Motivation has also been used by the local government to enh
Introduction Crude oil optimization is considered one basic function in the extraction of oil because it has a significant impact on the cost of oil production, as well the volume of oil output (Alborzi and Hargreave 2010, p. 76). Refinery activities are normally comprised of several processes, including distillation, refinery and the likes. The process of oil optimization is normally characterized with pressures of operational flexibilities as well as constraints, which can be varied by changing the intensity of the refinery process (and through the update of several products in the same process). In this regard, Fiorenzani (2006) notes that “According to this vision, it is natural to presume that crack spreads, for each product, represent the refiner’s Margins best indicator and crack swaps or options represent the natural instruments to hedge the refiner’s market risk exposure” (p. 63). The process of oil optimization is therefore not only dependant on the forces prevailing in the market but also the efficiency of the refinery plant. From this analysis, we can see that management policies can be used to mitigate the effects of market pressures on oil production (Alborzi and Hargreave 2010, p. 76). Planning the optimization of crude oil is normally a complex issue and several companies use certain tools such as linear programming, real-time-optimizers (and the likes), to make the process, a success. However, other companies use design modifications to optimize their production capacities (Alborzi and Hargreave 2010, p. 76).Nonetheless, there are two commonly known methods for crude oil optimization: discrete time formulation and continual time formulation (Fiorenzani 2006). This study will focus on the main features that make oil optimization possible. However, to gain a complete understanding of this process, this study will explain the technical processes that are normally used in oil optimization. These processes include: Stochastic Dynamic Programming, Linear Programming and Real-Options technique Stochastic Dynamic Programming The stochastic dynamic pro
The article creates an understanding of how different generations in society explain Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in tertiary learning institutions. Bullen et al. (2011) mention that society believes that there is a critical variance in the use of technology-related tools in the N-generation and those who were born before. Therefore, the article develops a vivid interpretation of the truth in ICTs habit among students, critically refuting the assertion that generational differences can equally be applied to elucidate the use of ICTs in tertiary learning institutions. The Internet facilitates the use of the various technological devices and not generations. The authors develop a comprehension that incorporating ICTs among individuals born in different cohorts depends on three elements: immediacy, cost, and familiarity (Bullen et al., 2011). Among the sixty-nine participants who were incorporated to actualize the results, it becomes evident that generational differences cannot explain the technological literacy of people in society. Familiarity denotes that the choice of tools depends on how it matches with the students’ actual needs (Bullen et al., 2011). The article presents a clear picture in the audience that most of the scholars use messaging, Facebook, and email tools because they are well-known to learners despite their generation. Understandably, exposure forms part of why people embrace ICTs in the world. Moreover, the cost is another determining factor for embracing ICTs (Bullen et al., 2011). People often apply diverse tools due to individual affordability and financial status. Immediacy forms the last reason students use ICTs in their daily routines (Bullen et al., 2011). Thus, ICTs usage depends on the immediacy, cost, and familiarity as opposed to generations. The article primarily uses interviews, observation, and secondary data methods to develop the findings mentioned above. Bullen et al. (2011) opine that the researchers understand that even the Xennials and other cohorts supersede the N-generation through observation. Older individuals pursuing their highest education programs, including PhD, use technological devices which to access the Internet more than the participants who undertake their first degrees. Moreover, through interviews, the researchers comprehend that a high-tech tool’s need depends on its context sensitivity (Bullen et al., 2011). In other words, people across generations use ICTs contingent on necessity, exposure, and affordability, hence refuting the issue of generational divergence to determine the technology routine levels. The authors equally depend on the studies which have been conducted by the previous researchers. For example, the article quotes the 2007 findings of Kennedy and his colleagues (Bullen et al., 2011). Thus, the study captures the trust of the audience, hence viewing it reputable. The writers embrace success in conveying their message, considering that they
The Miller’s Tale is the second story in the medieval collection written by Geoffrey Chaucer. Eleven pilgrims tell the stories to each other as they travel on their way to Canterbury. The first story is told by a knight, about two princes who fall in love with Emelye at first sight. Next, the miller gets his turn. It has been argued that the Miller’s tale reflects a fall in social status a from the noble intentions of the characters in the Knight’s Tale, and their noble standing as well, in contrast to the commoners in the latter’s tale: a carpenter, a scientist interested in astrology, and a poet. This paper will give a critical analysis of “The Miller’s Tale” focusing on the theme of jealousy as portrayed by the major characters. The article by Charles Smith on the subject of jealousy in Chaucer’s stories will be used to elaborate this theme better as it is presented in the Miller’s Tale. It has been noted that there is a striking resemblance between the Miller’s Tale and another poem which appeared at around the same time as Chaucer’s story did. The anonymous poem is also about a married woman Alison who is desired by two men. It is debatable whether Chaucer’s story is based on the anonymous poem. Synopsis In the Canterbury Tales, after the knight has finished telling his story, it is the miller’s turn. The miller tells the story of a carpenter by the name of John, who lives with his newly married wife, Alison, and a scientist Nicholas who is interested in astrology. John in “The Miller’s Tale” is very protective of his young wife; he fears that because of the difference in their ages and her beauty, he might lose her to another man. Nicholas, the clerk, is enamored by Alison, and the situation is not helped after he comes upon her inflagrante delicto when her husband is away. As is clear from the summary, Nicholas decides that he will woo Alison into becoming his lover and develops the habit of flirting with her in her husband’s absence. At the same time, there is Absolom, the poet and clerk, who is just as enamored. He, on the other hand, woos Alison the proper way; by standing outside her window and serenading her after dark. However, Alison prefers Nicholas and makes a mockery of Absolom’s courtship and agrees to be Nicholas’ lover, which is the act of betrayal. They hatch an elaborate plot in which they deceive the carpenter into thinking there is a great flood coming, and he needs to put wooden tubs in the attic where they will spend the night on the day the wave is to commence so that they can be safe. Nicholas and Alison take the chance on the night preceding the flood to creep downstairs and spend the night in each other’s arms. At dawn, when Absolom comes to do his serenade, Alison comes to the window, and out of mischief lets him kiss her ass. Furious, he goes to the blacksmith from where he gets a hot hoe and brands Nicholas ass with it. The commotion rouses John, who falls from the attic into the cellar breaking an arm. When other people come to investigate what the problem might be, the two lovers accuse the carpenter of being mad. And there ends The Miller’s Tale. How Does
Chapter one: Introduction Introduction and Background Information Across the globe, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is categorised as a critical health problem. It is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR)<60Ml/min/1.73m 2 for >3 months irrespective of diagnosis, or kidney damage. The damage to the kidney is identified by abnormalities in the patients’ blood or urine. It is also identified through imaging tests kidney biopsy. The prevalence of CKD is on the rise. It has reached pandemic levels across the globe. 1 Chronic Kidney Disease affects approximately 7-10% of the adult population in the UK. According to the World Health Organisation, kidney disease leads to 850,000 deaths in the world annually. It also accounts for 15,010,167 in disability-adjusted life years. The consequences of the disease among children are far more devastating because it condemns the child to various levels of lifelong medical disabilities. The dominant causes of CKD among adults are hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. However, irrespective of the factors that initiate the condition, the onset of the disease triggers a chain of occurrences. The events predictably describe a common final pathway where the condition progresses to kidney failure. It is observed that the condition is associated with increased risk to cardio-vascular disease, stroke, renal failure, and death. The increase in the prevalence of CKD is attributed to different factors. For instance, various studies that have been undertaken to determine the various conditions associated with CKD have pointed out to the possible relationship between the disease, levels of haemoglobin concentration, and obesity. 2 However, the findings have elicited debates, which have necessitated more epidemiological studies in the endeavour to conclusively establish the associations between obesity and haemoglobin levels among people with CKD. 3 Even though there is a marked progress in the studies, there are arguments purporting that the relationships may vary based on different factors. The current study was conducted against this background. The findings of the research will expand the knowledge regarding the relationship between BMI and haemoglobin among patients with CKD. The findings of the study will inform policy development. Overweight and Obesity Obesity and overweight have been
On May 18 th , 2021, in Pensacola, Florida, a previously convicted criminal Jared Paul Stanga has assaulted an 11-years old girl, trying to kidnap her. According to the Peiser’s (2021, May 19) article in The Washington Post, “the girl was waiting for a school bus, when a man stopped his white SUV, hopped out, and ran toward her with a knife” (pp. 1). Stanga’s intention was to get the girl into his car by grabbing her and threatening with a knife. However, the girl has fought off the abductor, which resulted in him releasing her unintentionally, and ran away towards her house. The police also claims that it was not the first incident with the man the girl experienced, as two weeks ago, Stanga approached her first and attempted to talk to her in Spanish. Moreover, Stanga has an extensive criminal history of sexually assaulting children. After a full-force manhunt, the police was able to catch the offender in a matter of hours. Stanga was charged with attempted kidnapping of a child under 13, as well as aggravated assault and battery. Kidnapping is usually identified as a state crime, as long as the abductor and their victim do not cross state boundaries. If there has been a transit between states, the crime would be taken on the federal level. The U.S. Code claims that “whoever unlawfully kidnaps, abducts, or carries away and holds for ransom or reward or otherwise any person, shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years or for life”. Federal criminal code specifies that kidnapping is a serious felony offense, and is punishable by up to 20 or more years of imprisonment. A certain case of kidnapping would be taken on a federal level, if is concerns the jurisdiction of federal government: for example, if the victim is transported interstate or even outside the U.S. borders. Stanga’s case would be prosecuted in the federal court if he would have managed to kidnap the girl, transport her outside Florida, and/or used means such as banking or mailing system to commit his crime. However, most of the time, kidnapping is persecuted of a state level, and the sentence will vary on the circumstances and the severity of alleged offence. Stanga’s case is the example of a case which has to be persecuted in state court. In Florida, kidnapping is considered a first degree felony, and the offender, when convicted, would receive a severe punishment, such as life in prison or on probation, as well as financial charges. Florida Statutes would specify Stanga’s case as “an attempted confinement of a child under the age of 13 against her or his will without the consent of her or his parent or legal guardian” (pp. 1). Moreover, the fact that he used a knife to assault his victim resulted in additional charges towards him. The main cultural factor that could influence the process of crime prosecution is Stanga’s ethnic background – he is allegedly Latin, as he spoke to the girl in Spanish. Current tendencies regarding the juridical treatment of people of color
History of America Policing system American policing system derived its elements from the English system that was formed in early 1066. During its formation, Colonial America had a group of citizen volunteers that oversaw all activities that took place in the society. These watch systems lasted up to mid 19th century. Some of the roles played by the watch system included providing social services such as searching for lost children and animals. However, the involvement of social systems in reducing criminal activities was not significant; the majority of the volunteers were disorganized and erratic (Gaines and Kappeler, 2011). After some time, some of the American volunteers shifted their law enforcement responsibilities to some groups of men within their societies. The shifting of responsibilities from volunteers to specific men resulted in the formation of new law enforcement systems. For instance, it led to the formation of tythings that consisted of a group of ten men. The tythings were further grouped into a group of hundreds to form shires that were controlled by sheriffs. Tythings and shires played different roles in society. For example, each member of the tythings had the responsibility of controlling crimes within their communities. Unlike tythings, sheriffs captured criminals and ruled in courts. The sheriffs also took part in collecting taxes. Unfortunately, the colonial law enforcement practices were not that effective; most tythings spent much of their time sleeping and socializing instead of enforcing the law. In addition, individuals responsible for enforcing the law had hard times controlling the emanating crimes and riots due to a lack of enough capital and resources. Contributions of Sir Robert Peel on American policing The introduction of the Metropolitan Police Act by Robert Peel in 1829 contributed immensely towards the advancement of police departments in the world. For instance, it enabled England to manage its citizens’ social conflict that resulted from rural-urban migration. Peel’s principle also contributed significantly towards the formation of police departments in the U.S.A. It enabled American police departments to come up with a police patrol system that deterred criminal activities in society (Gaines and Kappeler, 2011). Relationship between the U.S. government and the policing organizations There exist two types of police ranks in the U.S.A: Federal and State. The Federal comprises many organizations such as the FBI, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Defense Intelligence Agency, Federal Protective Service, and Drug Enforcement Administration. These organizations are guided and authorized by the law outlined in Arti
Reflection The marketing plan of KnitKnit aimed to introduce handicraft products into the New Zealand market and publicize the Chinese culture. Because traditional Chinese culture incorporates many interesting fairy tales, it was expected that the products based on these stories would interest consumers. To promote our products, we used WeChat, QQ, and Facebook. We planned to sell twenty pieces of handicraft in the first week to meet the break-even point. The materials needed for the production cost very little, so it was expected that the profit would have been made easier. During the second and third weeks, we planned to sell thirty more products. For the fourth week, our sales target was twenty items. Since the cost of one item was $0.40 and the price was $2 per piece, the net profit from selling seventy products would equal $140. The gross profit would be $112. We had some apprehensions about sales results, but our income showed that we need not have worried. During the first week, we sold thirty items, which exceeded our expectations by ten items and fifty percent. Thus, we managed to meet the break-even point and even surpass it. Such a state of things gave us confidence in our enterprise and inspired for future production and sales. Within the second and third weeks, we sold fifty items of handicraft versus the planned thirty products. We realized that our products interested customers. Also, we asked the buyers where they had found out about our products. People answered that they had either heard about us from friends or seen the advertisement on Facebook, WeChat, or QQ. With the help of that information, we could make conclusions about the success of our promotional campaign. We decided to continue telling people about our company and its products on the internet as well as asking our customers to share
Executive Summary This is an analysis report of the Quaker Oats Company where its communication system both internal and external strategies are been covered. The analysis puts emphasis on how these communication strategies are carried out to bring forth effectiveness and efficiency in its performance. However, it has taken into account organizational literature available about this especially the one that relates to its communication procedures. Nonetheless, the analysis establishes that communication strategies that are currently being employed by the company are responsible for its continued operational effectiveness. This is as a result of positive revolutions that have taken place since its inception and the continued effectiveness and efficiency experienced in its business operations. Consequently, internal communication strategies that are being practiced by the company are built on the company’s organizational culture premise which relates to teamwork. As a result, flattened system of organizational structure was adopted by the management to facilitate smooth communication internally as opposed to tall organizational structure that promotes bureaucratic system of communication. On the other hand, in terms of external communication strategies, the company appreciates social relationship. Therefore, its external communication system is built based on this foundation where by it seeks to develop cordial relationship with its external stakeholders who include its customers. In relation to this, the company practice good public relationship where by it values corporate social responsibility to nurture and develop some good social relationship with its external stakeholders. Lastly, basing on the analysis carried out, the paper proposes some recommendations that the company can adopt to further its communication effectiveness. For instance, sound communication in change management comes handy to avoid some uncertainties that come with change since it’s inevitable. Introduction Quaker Oats was founded in 1901 as an oats processing company based in Chicago in the United States. However, over the time the company has been revolutionizing and currently it makes instant oatmeal. Consequently, in 1966, instant oatmeal was introduced which became a regular flavor. Nonetheless, in 2001, the company was acquired by PepsiCo which currently controls its operations. In addition, the company has expanded its operations and currently, it has a range of products mainly made from oat. However, since its inception, the company has made major positive strides. For instance, it has expanded its product base which has resulted to expansion of its operations. As a result of this, its workforce has tremendously increased. In relation to this, effective business communication both internal and external has been the pillar that the company has banked on over the time to assure its effectiveness and efficiency in its business operations. Main Message Communication is the most crucial function in management of any organization. Therefore, improved communication results to improve