ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Blood Meridian When McCarthy wrote the book, he probably did it out of financial desperation. The book did not immediately make a financial breakthrough as he would have expected but when it finally did, it was magnificent. The book gradually gained world wide popularity and in the process became a literary masterpiece. The violent nature of the book’s content creates a lot of controversy in literary circles but its themes remain relevant through time. Most of his characters are based on real life people which gives further credence to the issues discussed in the book. The background research conducted for the book is self evident as the author tried to stick to facts as much as he could. The book is set in the 1800’s in the area between America and Mexico, an area known for frequent cases of unrest and violence up to date. Due to the socio-economic inequality between the two states the area was a playground for marauding gangs and outlaws. The main character, whom the author gives the unlikely name -the kid, is one such outlaw. He establishes himself as a fiercely independent and violent teenager who has a knack for getting himself into trouble. He roams aimlessly until he gets recruited into a gang. This happens in turbulent times when meteor showers are quite frequent and destructive. His first gang is under leadership of Captain who is a former soldier who takes the civilization of Mexicans and Red Indians as the American’s God-given duty. The gang’s main aim is to keep in check the terror meted out on American settlers by Native Americans. Such gangs were labeled “scalp-hunters” due their mode of operation which involved hunting down red Indians and cutting their scalps off for reward. However, greed and recklessness saw these gangs pursuing and killing innocent victims including children. Since there was no authentification process carried out to prove whom the scalp really belonged to the gangs took to harvesting any available Native American scalps. It is through his involvement with the Galton gang that the kid meets the main antagonist, who goes by yet another unlikely name, the judge. The judge is extremely violent and seems to have the uncanny ability of appearing when least expected. He is described as having no hair whatsoever on his body. This childlike appearance is quite deceptive since the judge is a cold blooded killer who thrives on violence. His sadistic nature revolts even the toughest of the gang members who not spared of his wrath either. The kid remembers the judge from an earlier incidence where he single handedly incited a mob to killing a preacher by accusing of defiling a child and raping a goat. Despite his tendency to kill for fun the judge inspires some sort of respect from the gang members by cunningly saving them from a pursuing gang of natives. It also comes to their attention that they all had previous encounters with the judge before joining the gang. This reinforces their view of him as an extra-ordinary, omnipresent person. As time goes by, the gang graduates from scalp-hunting to broad daylight robbery. They rob a ferry which
The theory of plate tectonics was introduced by the Canadian geophysicist John Tuzo Wilson (Garrison and Ellis 74). According to Wilson’s theory, the Earth’s outer layer is composed of nearly “dozen separate major lithospheric plates” that float on the asthenosphere (Garrison and Ellis 74). When the deformable asthenosphere is heated from below, it expands, becomes less dense, and rises (Garrison and Ellis 74). When the asthenosphere reaches the lithosphere, it turns aside, “lifting and cracking the crust” to create the plate edges (Garrison and Ellis 74). The newly shaped pair of plates slides down to the swelling ridges that deviate from the spreading center. In the location of divergence, the new seabed is formed (Garrison and Ellis 74). Larger plates contain continental crust as well as oceanic ones. The major plates jostle about “like huge slabs of ice on a warming lake” (Garrison and Ellis 74). In human terms, the movement of plates is rather slow, reaching up to 5 centimeters per year. The interaction between plates occurs in diverging, converging, and sideways-moving boundaries (Garrison and Ellis 74). Frequently, one plate may force another wrinkle into mountains or move it below the surface. There are two forces that may cause plate movement:  1. plates are shaped and slide off the elevated ridges of the spreading centers;  2. plates are tugged downward into the mantle by their edges that are dense and cool. The evidence of many centuries of research indicates that the slow movement of plate tectonics recreates the Earth’s surface, shapes or destroys ocean basins, and splits or expands continents (Garrison and Ellis 74).
Introduction The extinguishment and control of full surface flammable tanks fire demands more commitments in terms of equipment resources and human logistics. Owing to the incurred loss potentiality, the fire protection industries have significantly improved the methods used to effectively extinguish and control fires encountered in outsized storage tanks. These techniques are incessantly updated. In this paper, various types of atmospheric storage tanks, the encountered fire types, safe storage tanks code requirement, preplanning alongside the applicable firefighting methods are examined. Case study It is usually reported in the trade journals and newspaper clipping that petroleum product storage tanks have caught fire. Such news is common both locally and internationally. For instance, cases of flammable storage tanks fire have been experienced in the U.S., the East Coast, West Coast as well as other cities found in between. A very spectacular fire case occurred in the Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire which erupted at Buncefield Oil Depot, England. Despite the incessant overlook of the common element namely volunteer firefighters and industrial hazard training that flammable storage tanks ought to have, the storage tanks failed the close monitoring by firefighters (Shelley, Cole and Markley 47). Failure to put in place the preplan and construction features required to respond to fire incidences exposed the petroleum industry to immense storage tank fires. While the petroleum industry full-fledged, it demanded fire protection, better construction, design and upgrading of standards and codes intended to curb flammable storage tank fires. Regardless of such measures, it is worth noting that despite the decrease in storage tank fire frequencies, the tank sizes had increased. This presented austere hazards in fire events. In fact, fires which involve outsized aboveground flammable storage tanks proved to be very costly with respect to business interruption, public opinion, environmental damage and property damage (Shelley, Cole and Markley 47). Fire protection methods used in flammable storage tanks The kind of storage tank used in storing combustible and flammable liquids heavily relies on the stored product physical characteristics and the location of the tanks. Various flammable storage tanks and the adopted methods used to combat fire incidences are as discussed below. Fixed roof tanks : These are perpendicular cylinders bearing lasting attached roofs. The roofs of these tanks are slightly domed or flat to permit vapor spaces and inhibit water accumulation between the roof underside and liquid surface. Such tanks have frail rooftop shell seams and are constructed as per the API standards (American Petroleum Institute 11). When an internal overpressure occurred from explosion, the design permits the ro
The central concepts of Marxist economics include the theory of labor value, the disposition of production, and the inevitable conflicts between the classes. Conflicts will always persist because the upper class can never totally control the lower classes. Lesser concepts include the idea of increased misery, the obsession with possessions, and the consequences of economic alienation. Karl Marx’s theories of labor value combined with his concepts of capitalism endeavor to clarify how the revenue system operates to the benefit of the upper classes and the detriment of the lower classes. Marx defines wealth as something produced by labor from resources originating in the natural world. In terms of capitalism, wealth becomes a vast accrual of possessions. Commodities are articles of wealth created solely as a means to exchange other objects so as to enhance wealth. Marxist theory envisions the future of society as free of capitalism, replaced by the collective utopia brought about by communism. This was thought to be the natural course of mankind in which Marx had drawn up the blueprint. 1 Marx held the optimistic viewpoint that the working class would create a society based on equality and more humane than capitalism was capable. Marx envisioned that communism would produce “a society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” 2 Marx could not have been more wrong regarding the demise of capitalism and in their calculations regarding the timing of a communist rebellion. He foretold of the end-time of capitalism being about eight years from 1845, the year of his prediction. He viewed the 1847 depression as the beginning of the end for capitalism. Marx was rather over-optimistic in their collective assessment of the rise of socialism and somewhat unwise to set a specific date. This can be written off to their confidence in the socialist system but it is puzzling that these learned men believed the working masses would collectively and quickly educate themselves then systematically adopt socialist ideals. 3 Marxism theorizes that the socialist system redistributes resources much more equitably than the capitalist system thus making the socialist society the favored way for people to exist. He believed social inequalities can be resolved by socialism. A person’s contribution to society, as evidenced by their labor output, determines to what degree their needs are met. The philosophy for the distribution of resources is based upon labor, not need. In this and in many respects, Marx’s theory was thought of as idealistic, naïve, and somewhat contradictory to his arguments. “Marxism is impotent in explaining the social inequality in the distribution of resources.” 4 The Marxist theory contains many unresolved issues which sociologists have considered since the time of Marx. The limitations of Marx’s premise have given rise to different forms of neo-Marxism which have attempted to modify the conflict theory as it applies to modern sociological and economic theories. Some suggest, however, that
Introduction The following is a report on human resource development portfolio for a marketing manager. The paper looks into the job description of a marketing manager in terms of the key competencies needed for one to perform the task appropriately. The other aspect of this report looks in the competencies learned in the classroom. The report also checks whether the competencies match the role of a marketing manager. It will also discuss aspects learned outside classroom through job training. Job description The main responsibility of a marketing manager is to maintain the market in terms of developing competitive strategies for the company. It also involves ensuring that the company has first hand information on the market trends. The marketing manager has the responsibility of branding the company in order to promote the products in the market. In addition, the marketing manager is responsible for coordination of the marketing staff to ensure that there is teamwork. Teamwork is very important because when the staffs work together they exchange ideas, which results to success due to high quality work. This is because among the staff are those who are experienced and hence can share their skills with newly employed members. The marketing manager leads these teams to ensure that each member participate actively (Drucker, 1974). The marketing manager must conduct market and consumer research activities, analyse the research and make recommendation based on the findings of the research to instigate activities and decisions that are informed especially in product and brand development. As part of the job, the marketing manager will have to create marketing activities that will fall within the stipulated budget. The marketing manager is responsible for the development of the pricing strategy of the company to ensure that the prices of the product are competitive in the market (Bradley, 2010). The following key competencies ensure that the marketing manager performs the responsibilities appropriately. The first competency is that the marketing manager must have leadership competency, as the marketing manager must lead the marketing team by example. The manager must lead promotion teams, consumer research team and branding team to ensure that they are effective. He or she must therefore have good interpersonal and leadership skills to lead the team (Bond, 2006). The other key competency will involve carrying out market research. The marketing manager must be competent in gathering data from the market, analysing the data and using it to make decisions that will influence the pricing of the products as well as the marketing strategy that the company has to adopt (Csíkszentmihalyi, 2000). The othe
Financial Perspective The example of Toyota company best suits here which puts the financial perspective on priority in comparison to the other three perspectives of the scorecard. The company suffered from the basic three worse scenarios of the downfall of the Detroit auto industry, the failure of the financial market, and the gap in Toyota’s quality control. As a result, the company had to suffer from damage to property, peculiar injury, and the recall of the products. The dilemmas of Toyota quality control loss are more prominent due to the internal changeover that arose. This indicated that the company shifted from its roots of working in cultural involvement and interests to the self-interest and self-protection. The deviation from the root is evidenced by deviation from employees and society development, excellence in operations, and quality improvement. The hurry in greater financial profits collapsed the historical reputation of the company and made the company vulnerable and questionable in the eyes of its internal and external stakeholders. Customers Almost all organizations have relevant and non-relevant customers. The only thing is that the objective of the business decides the nature of the customers. These businesses have to do a careful distinguishing in which customers are relevant and which ones are not. Relevant customers are usually direct buyers of the products and services whereas the investors and internal customers are non-relevant customers for the business (Duff, 2017). The example of Wal-Mart and Kmart are appropriate as the Kmart was leading the market until Wal-Mart approached. Kmart was unable to identify till a long time due to the constant profitability of business unless the market was taken over. Later strategically changes were made in Kmart but it was too late and the strategical segmentation of relevant and non-relevant customers in the business made Wal-Mart the giant retail chain with approximately $378 billion (Reuters, 2017). Business Process Perspective The stakeholders are the most vital parts o
Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a large company based in Denmark that develops wind turbine systems as a sustainable power generation option. The renewable energy industry is becoming more important with time because of the need to develop sustainable power options. Design can play a very important role in creating and sustaining competitive advantage for any business. This hypothesis informed the investigation into how Vestas Wind Systems A/S deals with its environmental pressures in an effort to remain competitive. This paper explores the place and the role of design in the company’s business processes. Methodology Analytical tools are widely used in business process management to provide theoretical models to help business managers in decision making. This paper will use five analytical tools to determine the importance of design to Vestas Wind Systems A/C. The analytical tools chosen for this purpose are PEST Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, the McKinsey 7s Framework, and the GE-McKinsey Matrix. The findings from the application of these analytical tools to the operations of Vestas will provide the basis for a discussion that will examine various facets of design as practiced in the company. Findings An analysis of the business operations based on the analytical tools described above led to various findings. This section deals with the findings that accrued from the application of each of the analytical tools. PEST Analysis Table 1 below summarises the environmental factors surrounding the design operations of Vestas. Environmental Factors Political                * There is increasing political support for renewable energy as a means of achieving energy security.                                                              * The increasing disquiet with oil, especially in regards to environmental destruction is making oil politically challenging to defend.   Economic                 * The economic climate is tilted in favour of job creators, and the renewable energy sector is one of the sectors currently creating jobs                          * Energy security is a key component of economic security, hence the interest in the development of wind energy systems                   Social                   * Wind power is widely accepted as a green source of power                                                                                                         * There is an increasing interest in collaborative
Introduction In all aspects of society life, conflicts are bound to occur. These conflicts are normal and may in fact contribute to the health of the community. However, the positive contribution of conflicts greatly hinges on the conflict resolution schemes which are employed. As such, it is imperative that the people involved in the conflict resolve the issues constructively. Key to the constructive resolution of conflicts is the use of negotiation tactics and strategies. In this paper, I shall review a conflict resolution between the Newtown School board and the Teacher’s association. As a member of the teacher’s association bargaining team, I shall analyze the various bargaining issues and the negotiation process that the two sides engage in so as to arrive at an agreement that suits parties across both sides of the divide. The dispute The first step in the negotiation process is to describe what it is that you want to negotiate. This is based on the concept that negotiation involves a conflict about particular resources. The participants therefore identify if there is a situation that needs to be negotiated. In the Newtown School dispute, the issues at play include the renewal of a contract between the board and the teachers following the expiration of the previous contract. There exist a number of contentious issues which have so far resulted in the unsuccessful finalization of the new contract. One of the contentious issues is the desire by the board to decrease the number of programs offered to students as well as decrease the number of teachers under its current employment. In addition to this, the board proposes to increase the workload of the teachers so as to increase the systems effectiveness therefore enabling it to work well within the budgetary constraints. The teacher’s association bargaining team of which I am a member is opposed to all this proposals by the school board since it sees them as detrimental to the welfare of the teachers. While the board wishes to negotiate a three year contract, the Teacher’s association wants a one year contract which it believes will guarantee flexibility for its members. In addition to this, the my team is opposed to the idea of decreasing the number of teachers in Newtown Schools as well as increasing the work load of the teachers. Negotiation process Having acknowledged the presence of a conflict, the negotiations can be deemed as being ready to begin. The process ideally begins by both parties presenting their issues which are mostly in the
Introduction In the past, medical ethics has been centered on the doctor, the patient, and the doctor- patient affiliation. Nevertheless, in the contemporary setting, most care happens in organizational backgrounds; for instance, group practices among others. Medical cultures and strategies influence the care given to patients as well as decorum in the sector, either positively or negatively. Bloodgate is the instance discussed in this paper as a case of medical ethics violation. Bloodgate stands for a rugby match outrage linking the Harlequins against the Leinster teams and it was dubbed as such following the employment of counterfeit blood (Muirhead 195-196). In early 2009, Harlequins was lagging behind Leinster 6-5 in the rugby quarterfinals in a bid to win the Heinecken Cup in England. The Winger of the Harlequins team, Tom Williams, “all of a sudden spewed blood out of his mouth, which prompted the team to substitute a professional kicker, Nick Evans, for Williams. Nevertheless, what came out of Williams’ mouth was not real blood; instead, it was false blood coming from a capsule given to Williams by his trainer” (Carter 48). This paper discusses medical ethics violation during this rugby match. Bloodgate – a health care Ethics Violation The application of a false blood capsule was instigated by a former rugby director, Dean Richards, and was presented to Williams by Steff Brennan (physiotherapist at that time). However, this hoax did not bear fruits. Following the faked blood injury, Evans, a player that had previously been substituted, was permitted back into the field. The officials and “players of the Leinster team became suspicious and while at the locker room, panic gripped Williams” (Carter 48). Williams pleaded with an emergency room doctor operating as the Harlequins team general practitioner, Dr. Wendy Chapman, to make a small cut on his lip in order for Williams to have a justification for his case. Subsequent to some dithering, Dr. Chapman accepted to go along with Williams’ request. Afterward, when inquired concerning the occurrence, she (Dr. Wendy) gave confirmation that a loose incisor was the reason behind the cut. Nonetheless, a recording of the game between Harlequins and Leinster demonstrated Williams taking a capsule that was in his socks and stealthily placing it in his mouth prior to the fake blood coming out from his mouth (Chaitt, Moses, and Jones 5-9). Williams was as well seen winking at the other players of Harlequins as he came out from the field. Upon leaving the pitch, Williams headed to Dr Wendy, who had no prior information on the issue. Subsequent to reiterated persistent demands from Williams, Dr Wendy made a cut on Williams’ lip. The demands from Williams were made more imperative by the reality that a repres