ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background Clinical laboratory science is very essential in the diagnosis of infections and disorders. It provides information that guides in the collection and examination of a specimen. The results obtained enable doctors and other physicians to make the accurate diagnosis and therefore design the appropriate drug therapy for the patients. Some diseases like rheumatoid arthritis are interesting to learn due to their unique laboratory tests performed. Anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide test is carried out to check presence or absence of anti- cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. This test is positive for people who are prone to these diseases. Such diseases have promoted research in this department, enabling more accurate diagnosis and therefore treatment of patients. Point of Care Testing This is the laboratory testing of patients in operating rooms, recovery areas, patient’s bedside, or home testing. This has increased the interaction of laboratory physicians, respiratory therapists, nurses, assistant physicians, operating room technologists, and anaesthesiologists. It provides cost effective methods and advancements in medical care and enables an immediate and accurate assessment in intensive care units or parent units, emergency departments, and operating rooms. Tests performed mostly are analytical, such as prothrombin time coagulation test, partial thromboplastin time coagulation, and erythrocyte measurements like hematocrit. The regulations of CLIA’88 are followed to ensure accurate and quality results are obtained as well as quality control and proficiency testing is provided. The laboratory director ensures that all regulations are implemented and adhered to. Safety The safety of the patients and the laboratory personnel should be maintained. Most of laboratory accidents are usually caused by lack of paying attention to instructions, carelessness, and lack of concise and proper communication during the testing. By use of suitable mechanism, strategies, common sense, and staying alert can be used to minimize such accidents. There are bodies that are responsible for ensuring blood borne pathogen prevention and protection, and ensuring electrical, fire, and chemical safety is guaranteed which Health Administration, and Occupational Safety and other bodies. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common physical, ergonomic stressors where muscles, nerves, tendons are affected, for example, tendinitis and sciatica. Workers are vaccinated against hepatitis B, rubella, and measles
Divinity, humanity/mankind, nature coupled with overriding pessimism are the fundamental tenets which comprise Dark Romanticism. This literary subgenre is an offspring of the popular transcendental philosophical movement, an American movement which commenced in the early nineteenth century. The writings of Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, Emily Dickerson, and Nathaniel Hawthorne compose the literary cadre of this subgenre. Dark Romanticism is slightly gothic in nature, fringing on irony, unusual events and/or the supernatural. Originating in the mid 1800’s, Transcendentalism was founded by the New England intelligentsia with the primary founders being Ralph Waldo Emerson , Henry David Thoreau , and Margaret Fuller (Galens). With New England is primary backdrop and Puritan lifestyle as the inspirational impetus, American novelist/short story writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne works convey these tenets along with an array of psychologically complex themes/moral messages. Primarily known for his four romances –Gables The House of the Seven Gables (1851), The Blithedale Romance (1852) and in particular his magnum opus, The Scarlet Letter (1850), Hawthorne’s short stories have become a cult classic as well, among them being the gothic “The Minister’s Black Veil.” Published in 1836, “The Minister’s Black Veil: A Parable” first appeared in the annual edition of Boston’s, The Token and Atlantic Souvenir , an illustrated gift book. Character analysis and symbolism help to convey Hawthorne’s fundamental thrust – an array of themes dealing with sin, retribution, evil, self incrimination/affliction, arrogance, extreme/unhealthy self righteousness. Fashioned to teach a lesson (parable), its ambiguous climax has sparked a host theories and analytical criticisms. Reverend Parson Hooper, his fiancée – Elizabeth, Reverend Clark, and the townspeople are the primary characters with Milford, a small, peaceful Puritan town, as the backdrop. The point of view appears to be that of an unnamed parishioner. Such peace is drastically interrupted when Rever
Introduction Workplace violence is a major social problem many organizations and institutions face today. This paper gives a detailed summary and analysis of the article, “State Government Response to Workplace Violence” by Christopher Jude Zigmond and James Bowman. The information contained in the document is compared with the U.S. Department of Labor’s organizational policy. Evidence-based recommendations are also presented to minimize abuses and confrontations in different working environments. Article Summary and Comparison The above article begins by acknowledging that millions of Americans are abused in their respective working environments. From 1980 to 1993, workplace violence led to the death of over 1,000 people (Bowman & Zigmond, 1997). This is a major problem that results in increased medical expenses. Due to the magnitude and nature of this predicament, American states have been compelled to implement adequate measures to deal with it. A federal court in America managed to set forth unique standards to tackle this social problem. Such a policy has become a guideline for all states in this country. However, the article reveals that California is the only state that has managed to develop an adequate guiding principle. However, the comprehensive model fails to address all five standards. In the document, the authors develop a comprehensive policy for addressing this predicament using ideas from past publications. Several sections are presented to elaborate upon the policy statement. The first one focuses on prohibited conduct, including threats, punching, rape, stalking, physical detrainment, intimidation, harassment, and homicide. The second section highlights the procedures for filing a complaint. Formal and informal investigations are usually necessary. The third area focuses on the rights of employees. Workers also have responsibilities to speak to their supervisors, report all forms of abuse, communicate with others, and keep diaries. Institutions and employers should implement appropriate training procedures and appoint employees who can monitor their colleagues’ welfare (Bowman & Zigmond, 1997). All workers should be informed about
The époque of Enlightment was followed by Romanticism. It was the period of extreme changes in the world outlook. This period expressed a strong criticism of the previous one. The principles of writing and the themes had changed. The main hero of the Romantic literature was a lonely man with sensible soul and isolated from the society in terms of his perception of the reality. The period of Romanticism is characterized by its address to nature, in other words, the world was perceived through the nature. “It is characterized by a shift from the structured, intellectual, reasoned approach of the 1700’s to use of the imagination, freedom of thought and expression, and an idealization of nature” (“Romanticism”). So, nature was the main tool of Romantic poets and writers they used in order to describe different aspects of life and human soul in particular. Romantic writers emphasized the connection of man and nature. They looked at this connection from the moral perspective. The first person who outlined the principles of Romanticism was Jean Jacques Rousseau who said about the human freedom, sensitiveness of human soul and connection with nature: “Rousseau was to have the deepest and most lasting effect upon the self-understanding of the Romantic mind” (Travers 4). In Britain, at the end of the 18 th and beginning of the 19 th centuries, Romanticism developed very quickly and was the most expressive. Different authors revealed to nature in order to express their intentions and thoughts. Moreover, “English poets, such as Lord Byron and Persey Bysshe Shelley used nature as their inspiration. They wrote of nature being wild and without logic and their poems evoked strong feelings in their readers” (Gunderson 15). One of the best romantic writers of England were William Wordsworth, Samuel Coliredge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley. They used quite different respective depictions of nature, however, the one thing is common: the descriptions of nature in their works are aimed at depicting the characters, behavior, feelings and concerns of the main heroes. Onno Oerlemans says, “I think, that Wordsworth is the most original….Wordsworth’s nature (as cycles of life, or an emblem of eternity) rarely provides the kind of relief…” In his Tinturn Abbey , he used the descriptions of nature to show the feelings of protagonist and his memories. For him, nature is the sort of eternal teacher of human. “Nature to Wordsworth is a mother-goddess who teaches the soul” (Gleckner 311), he acclaims: Knowing that Nature never did betray The heart that loved her; ’tis her privilege, Through all the years of this our life, to lead From joy to joy: for she can so inform The mind that is within us, so impress With quietness and b
Introduction A contract is an agreement between two or more persons, which becomes binding on them once they consent to its terms and conditions. The companies are regulated by rules and terms of engagement, which are spelt out in the agreement. Penalties for failing to adhere to the rules are also clearly defined in the contract agreement. Each company wishes to benefit from any given contract and will, therefore, endeavor to ensure that the other company in the contract does not derail its activities. This calls for strict rules and tough penalties for delinquent parties as outlined in most contracts. Background of the Study The Mirage Resort (MGM) is an exquisite hotel in Las Vegas, USA. Dubai World, on the other hand, is a global construction company in Dubai specializing in the areas of transport and logistics, urban development, investment and financial services. On 21 st August 2007, MGM entered into a contract with Dubai World (DW) to build a gaming center for the hotel. Purpose of the Study This study aims at analyzing in details the components of a contract. It shall study obligations for each party, remedy for failing to honor the obligations, division of responsibilities between the parties and methods of solving conflicts whenever they arise. Methodology This study gathers information from secondary documented sources. These are available in print and electronically on the internet. Literature Review Parts of a Contract Duties Parties to a contract have specific responsibilities and obligations that they must meet in order to achieve the contract goals. These vary depending on the nature of the contract, but strict measures are outlined to deal with parties that fail to perform their duties (Gido, 2006). Rights While each party has duties to carry out, they also have rights that defend them from malicious intentions of other parties so that each side enjoys equity in the share of the benefits of the contract (Gido, 2006) Dates A contract should have the dates of commencement of the contract and its ending. The start date of a contract is usually known, but the termination date is determined by factors like the death of a party and breach of duty by either party among others. Clear guidelines to indicate the end of a contract are necessary in order to avoid ambiguity and conflict among members (Plimpton, 2007). Payments Periods, mode and rate of payment are clearly indicated in the contract. Interests, fines and rates of units are all included so that parties are able to control and determine the amount they get (Gido, 2006). Confidentiality Details of the contract should be kept within the parties alone. Third parties should not be included in the agreement. In case of conflict, appropriate ways of arbitration should be sought to avoid speculation by third parties (Plimpton, 2007). MGM and DW Organization Within five days of signing the agreement as written, members will have
It is fundamental for an organization comprehend the nature of its resources, which include the company’s labor, competencies and ability, aspects that form an organization’s environment (microenvironment). One can understand resources as the belongings of a company, which facilitate the production process. Competencies, equipments, capital, and skilled labor are some of the resources at the disposal for the company. It is necessary for the resources to be free from any possibility of imitation. However, looking at the fitness industry, resources such as skilled personnel will play a significant role in providing quality services. Consequently, this will significantly ensure a continuous maximum customer satisfaction. Such satisfaction, if known to other willing consumers, the number of customers would increase significantly. This translates to tremendous success to the new business or firm. Generic strategy An organization can compete using various possible ways. However, the option chosen on the business level strategy is what determines the intended competition in the market. This is because business level strategy acts as the connection between the organization’s strategies and its desired long-term goals. The company’s vision and its desired position in the market are often determined by the chosen strategies. However, a thorough assessment of various aspects such as differentiation, focused cost leadersh
There is absolutely no dought that technological advancements have made human beings to work more easily. One area that has benefited immensely from new technological advancements is the area of crime investigations. The use of scientific methods and techniques in investigations and gathering of evidence in crimes has increased in popularity allover the world because of its reliability and high degree of accuracy. These forensic methods have made court processes much easier and faster due to the fact that evidence can now be gathered more easily. Forensic science experts invent new forensic methods each and every day to make criminal investigations easier and faster. The murder of Leanne Tiernan in the year 2000 and the discovery of her body nine months later sparked the forensic Science Service (FSS) experts into action as reported by Fred (2006).The case was so complex that (FSS) experts from different forensic fields were called upon to dig out concrete and substantial evidence that would aid in the case proceedings (Fred, 2006). After the discovery of Leanne’s body nine months after her disappearance, a serious police investigation was launched by West Yorkshire police (Fred, 2006) .The FSS experts who had been drafted into the murder investigations immediately began the most complicated process of gathering forensic evidence for this case. At this point, they had managed to link a suspect known as John Tailor to this murder crime. According to Fred (2006), Leanne’s body had been discovered lying in the forest. According to Fred (2006), some items were collected from the scene that would help the forensic experts in their investigations. The FSS scientists suffered a setback in the initial stages of their investigations because they could neither obtain the DNA profile nor fingerprint as they had earlier thought due to the contaminated nature of Leanne’s body (Fred, 2006). According to Aticlesbase (2008), The DNA profiling is a chemical process that is very elaborate and advanced in which the fingerprint of a person is matched with that from a selected sample for identification purposes .DNA profiling is an advanced modern science that has been proved to give clear identity ( Articlesbase ,2008). According to Forensic Science Service (2008), Leanne’s body was contaminated and all the tests done for DNA profiling failed. This failures made the FSS scientists to conduct mitochondrial DNA testing ,analysis of fibers and twine and even dog DNA testing( Forensic Science Service,2008). All this efforts were aimed at finding the slightest possible clue that would lead them to the girl’s killer. The FSS experts concentrated their efforts in gathering forensic evidence the would lead them to the offender (Fred, 2006). These concerted efforts led them to the supplier of the dog collar and cable ties as the key suspect in the case. According to Fred (2006), the police identified a man called John Tailor and linked him to the murder of Leanne. Detailed forensic investigations had been carried out and substantial evidence was available to prosecute him. The scar
Introduction A supranational organization is a universal political institution composed of several countries that waive power to the institution (Martinez 99). These organizations are associations formed by states seeking to realize their mutual goals (Martinez 106). The governments of these countries erect administrative structures that labor to accomplish these aims, by entrusting power to particular authorities (Martinez 106). They also establish financial, economic, and military alliances to help drive the agenda of the institution as a whole (Martinez 107). This essay is a discussion of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a supranational organization, its headquarters location, purpose, significant activities, as well as membership requirements. Body Background of the WTO: Headquarters Location The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a universal entity with supranational aspects, inaugurated on 1 January 1995 – approximately twenty years ago (Sek 1). In 1994, 123 countries signed the Marrakech Agreement to authenticate and set WTO in motion, thereby substituting the 1948 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). WTO has an international working scope, and its official languages are English, Spanish, and French (Sek 2). The WTO headquarters location is at Geneva, Switzerland, in the Centre William Rappard building, along the Rue de Lausanne 154 Street. Purpose of WTO The WTO pilots and governs world trade rules, by promoting and endorsing liberal trade (Sek 2). Liberal trade refers to commerce proceedings that are free of any barriers such as bias, prejudice, racism, discrimination, partisanship, favoritism, and corruption. The organization certifies international trade agreements and policies, which supervise the trade of services, goods, and intellectual property (Sek 2). WTO also partakes in dispute resolution in business proceedings. It employs diplomatic means to resolve disputes and ease trade negotiations. It also develops directives to protect the consumers from unbalanced transactions (Sek 3). These directives are all protective measures, which the member states devise and appoint. Current and Most Significant Activities of the WTO The principal activities of the WTO mainly include dispute resolution. The Ministerial Committee of the WTO assembles every two years to make decisions by consensus and resolve any conflicts brought forth (Bronckers and Baetens 290). One of the ways it does this is by declaring trade sanctions to any country, which impose unreasonable customs duty on other states. Currently, WTO is involved in a dispute settlement between Chinese Taipei as the complainant and Indonesia as the respondent (Bronckers and Baetens 292). On 12 February 2015, Chinese Ta
Introduction Language and society are the two phenomena of the objective reality that are interconnected so much that one can not imagine them without each other. Moreover, it is impossible to imagine the world of human beings without these two notions. Why is it so? The answers to the question are multiple. Some people think that society is an artificial thing created by people according to some kind of social agreement. Others stick to the point of view according to which people descended from animals, namely from monkeys, and society became a logical stage of their development. Other people support the theory that was developed by the scientists of Ancient Greece. This theory states that human beings are animal species but their main difference from other species is that they are “social” animals, i. e. the society and social life are the obligatory conditions of their existence. Language is one of the basic elements for the existence of every society or community, and the gay community is not an exception here. Language, although a special one, is a fundamental basis over which this community is built, and we are going to see this in the current paper (Danesi, 2004). Basic Principles of Social Life It is evident that every kind of union of animals must be based upon certain principles and ideas. In human society, the aims are different from those of other animals species, thus the basic principles upon which the society is built are different as well. It is widely accepted that the coexistence of human beings is possible to the gift of communication of humans with each other. So, communication and all its means, verbal as well as non-verbal, are the fundamental basis for the existence of human society. And communication would be impossible without language, so we can state that language is the basis for any kind of coexistence of human beings, and society is the highest stage of the development of this coexistence (Hajek, 2005). Needless to say, that society is divided into numerous small groups that are gathered around certain interests, ideals, sometimes geographical factors, or belonging to a certain profession, race, or religion. All these social groups have their own means of communication with each other and inside of themselves. Thus, even different social groups from one and the same geographical region can have different means of communication, correspondently different languages or variants of the same language. They create certain words, attribute absolutely new meanings to the already existing words and turn the act of communication into an event the sense of which can be unde