ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Almost every person owns or operates a password-protected machine. So many online services utilize password security. Some of these services include an email account and a bank account. Digital systems store confidential information. Some of these systems are computers, phones, and safety deposit boxes (Password Protection, 2010). A password should be chosen such that it is very hard to speculate or hack. It should be complex but easy to remember. Analysis A password can be a string of lettering or a secret word depending on the interests of the user. A password is what confirms to the computer or any other digital device that is protected by a secret code that the person accessing the information is who he/she claims to be (Password Protection, 2010). Safeguarding a password is very important because if an individual can access another parson’s password, then he/she is in a position to access that person’s confidential information such as bank account detail. To avoid such incidences, the password should be very strong. A password can be made stronger and hard to hack or guess by observing a recommended procedure of password generation. One of the factors to be considered when creating a password is the length of the password. The longer it is, the more security it will offer (How to Make Strong Passwords Stronger, 2012). The minimum number of recommended characters in a password is eight. The complexity of the password is also enhanced by using the entire keyboard while creating it. It should contain letters in lower and upper cases, punctuations, numbers, and symbols (Tips for creating a strong password, 2012). The more the characters are varied, the stronger the password. This is because password hacking software has the capability of automatically scanning for the possibilities of one’s password. The only way the cracking of a password can be avoided is through making it complex. A stronger password enhances security by preventing guessing. It is still vulnerable to hackers. Password variation is a very important technique in security enhancement that prevents hacking. An automatic reminder can be set to ensure the bearer of the account is reminded to change his/her password. The maximum recommended period of using a password without changing is three months. Cybercriminals have the capability of accessing and stealing passwords from websites that have very little security. Therefore, it is recommended that a person should use different passwords for different accounts (How to Make Strong Passwords Stronger, 2012). This creates a variety of passwords and hence strengthening security. Acronyms have important applications in password creation. The acronyms chosen should be easy to remember. They should also relate to an event that is easy to remember (How to Make Strong Passwords Stronger, 2012). Other common mistakes that people commit when generating password include the use of words from the dictionary, spelling words backward, use of common abbreviations, the use of a sequence of repeated characters, the use of letters that are adjacent on the qwerty keyboard, and the use
This essay is a case study of Hi-Lo Company. The company produces a product called herbal candy, which is sold in its major market segments. The company is reported to be selling 600,000 products on a monthly basis. Besides, there is some other financial information relating to the company: the sales revenue equals to $ 600,000; and the variable cost is $ 180,000. The fixed costs consist of salary ($ 50,000), rent on building ($ 32,000), advertising ($ 100,000), depreciation on equipment ($ 32,000) and other costs ($ 66,000). The main task is to prove whether the marketing manager is right by suggesting that an increase of $ 10,000 in the advertisement expense would lead to a 10% increase in sales. The second task is to recommend the implementation of a new production process, and the last task is to assess how the proposed changes would influence the company’s break-even point, the new margin of safety and the net profit. Increase in the Advertising Expense The company’s fixed cost would increase to $ 290,000, if the advertising costs were raised by $ 10,000. The increase in the fixed cost would increase the company’s break-even level, because the fixed cost is an element of the break-even model. The 10% increase in the sales level due to the proposed advertising expense would generate the sales revenue worth $ 60,000. Therefore, the total amount of revenue that would be generated on a monthly basis is $ 660,000. The financial records of the company would reflect the sales revenue of $ 660,000 and a total cost of $470,000. From the two figures, it is obvious that the company’s profit would be $190,000 compared to $ 140,000 (with no increase in advertisement expense). Mathematically speaking, the Vice President is right about his proposal and, therefore, I would recommend the implementation of his proposal. Change in the Production Process The current variable cost per bottle is $ 0.3 giving a total of $ 180,000 for all the 600,000 bottles. A decrease in variable cost by $ 0.05 would reduce the variable cost to (0.3-0.05) = $ 0.25 per bottle. Therefore, the new total variable costs would be (0.25*600,000) = $ 150,000. The total fixed cost of the company would be (150,000+300,000) = $450,000. The net profit of the company would be $150,000 as compared to $140,000. The change would increase the level of the profit and, therefore, I would recommend its implementation. The New Break-Even Sales The bottles cost $ 1 each and the new variable cost per bottle would be (150,000/660,000) = $ 0.227. If the changes in parts 7 and 8 were both implemented, the new break-even point in sales would be = 582,148 bottles. The BEP in sales would be $ 582,148. The New Margin of Safety The expected sales level is 660,000 and the BEP is 582,148 bottles. Therefore, the margin of safety is (660,000-582148) /660,000 = 11.8%. The value net profit, when sales were 600,000 bottles, would be (600,000-450,000) = $150,000.
Looking into the history of democratic developments, it is possible to state that anti-democratic movements have played a key role in the path of democratization. Moreover, it is important to add that the anti-democratic movement in general and active campaigns against democracy, in particular, have fostered the establishment of democratic institutions throughout the world. Even the American democracy was born as the result of social conflict. According to Lijphart, the Westminster model of democracy provides a throughout insight into the essence of democracy not only in the United Kingdom but in the rest of the world as well. Lijphart argued that “by concentrating power in the hands of the majority, the Westminster model of democracy sets up a government-versus-opposition pattern that is competitive and adversarial” (p. 16). Furthermore, the conflict characterizes the representation of the interests of the major group. There are few large and strong interesting groups and they function in different sectors. There is no multiplicity of interest groups under the Westminster model. However, it does not mean that the United Kingdom is an undemocratic state. On the contrary, the conflict within this model fosters the democratization of society. Democracy as a form of government is universally recognized as the only effective system of governance. Nevertheless, the history of global democratic development is marked by anti-democratic movements. One of the main purposes of anti-democratic movements was to show the failure of democracy to protect or represent the rights and freedoms of minorities. In essence, democracy is the rule of the majority; it serves the interests of the dominant groups. Minorities, on the other side, are left with the single option – to accept the interests of the majority as their own. Even though the minorities can become majorities as the result of new elections, there are always groups the interests of which are neglected for the sake of the majority. The role played by anti-democratic movements can be defined as consensus-oriented. Lijphart argued that societies need a democratic regime that emphasizes consensus instead of opposition, “that includes rather than excludes, and that tries to maximize the size of the ruling majority instead of being satisfied with a bare majority” (p. 33). There are several perfect examples of consensus democracy. For example, the European Union is a multiethnic entity; however, conflicts are rare. In specific terms, democracy grants and supports the following rights: to vote, to be elected, of political leaders to compete for votes, free and fair elections, freedom of association, freedom of expression, alternative sources of information, institutions for making public policies depending on the votes. These are the fundamental requirements for democracy. Nevertheless, this list is not self-inclusive as democracy stands for t
Noah’s Ark is a vessel, which according to the Book of Genesis (chapters 6-9), was built by Noah at God’s command to save himself, his family, and the world’s animals from a global torrent. Bailey (10) observes that “the narrative of the ark is found in Abrahamic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam.” In this essay the real account of events shall be explained and then the truth and logic in them will be analyzed. It is therefore an analysis of the events that are written in the bible and how true they could be in relation to the current world. God realized that mankind was very wicked and therefore decided to sweep people out of the planet. Nonetheless, there was one righteous man called Noah and his family of 8 persons. Noah warned people to stop their wicked ways but no one listened to him, but instead they mocked him. God therefore instructed Noah to build an ark in which he, his family and the animals would stay while he destroyed human kind with water. “Then the LORD said to Noah, ‘Come into the ark, you and your entire household, for I have seen that you are righteous. Take with you seven pairs of all clean animals, the male and his mate; and a pair of the animals that are not clean” (Emerton 6). At this time Noah was 600 years old; the ark was built it for almost 120 years, but despite the mockery Noah got from the people. Emerton (7) describes the ark as a “barge-like structure probably built of cypress or cedar, 450 feet long by 75 feet wide and 45 feet high.” The ark of this size would therefore put out of place approximately 20,000 tons because it would weigh 14,000 tons; it had, three decks, one door on the side and a window 18 inches high. The first deck was for the food, the second for accommodation and he third for waste. The ark was therefore big enough for the animals since they were the most and the small family of Noah. When it was done Noah parked food for him and the animals to last them till the floods were over. “He then led animals into the ark seven pairs of each clean species and one pair of the unclean” (Emerton 69). As they entered they were harassed by the sinful mankind but God put his toughest creatures such as lions and tigers to protect them. After they had all entered into the ark, God opened the fountains of the deep waters and the windows of heaven and it rained for days and nights. The world was covered with water for 150 days, even the highest mountains were all under water therefore destroying every sinful; mankind that was in existence. Noah waited for the waters to dry up and the ark rested on the peak of Mount Ararat and as the waters resided Noah would send ravens every seven days out to check whether the waters had dried up. They stayed on the mountain peak for five months until he sent a dove that confirmed that the water had dried up by bringing him an olive twig meaning that vegetation was growing and when he sent it again it did not return meaning it had found some where to stay. They came out of the ark with the animals one by one and Noah decided to offer sacrifice to God for saving him and his family. God was pleased and he made a co
The article describes that Europeans significantly influenced non-European countries, trying to control them and create empires. Western powers seized the political forces of non-Western countries because they could not dominate each other. The European strategy of control over many dominations has had a significant influence on forming the international system of relations. Modern Europe was created due to many years of wars and conquest. As a result, a large number of territories came under European control. Thus, Western imperial expansion influenced the formation of the world economy. Around 1500, trade between the western and non-western worlds began to grow rapidly. The American continent has also entered economic turnover. The European system of government had a good effect on the development of economic and political alliances, as distant empires under Europe became the primary source of income. Non-Western states were rich in natural and human resources, so European states used raw materials and labor to build countries. From the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, there was an idea of leaving the imperial colonization (Jackson & Sørensen, 2007). Decolonization has significantly increased UN membership.
Japanese are among the different ethnic groups that immigrated to the United States between 1870s and 1880s. At that time, the Japanese economy was in the transition stage slowly transforming into the economy that it has today, and this led to numerous economic hardships, like unemployment and crime. Bankruptcies were wide spread in the economy and civil disorders were common. Such economic hardships forced most Japanese people to immigrate to the US and particularly to Hawaii (Schaefer, 2011). During the time, the sugar industry in Hawaii was booming, which attracted the Japanese, who were mostly laborers. A decade from 1885, almost 30,000 Japanese have moved to Hawaii seeking jobs and hoping to return home. When America took over the Island of Hawaii in 1900, the sugar plantation owners anticipated the legislation of American laws against the contract labors (Johnson, 2010). To beat the ban, they imported about 26,000 laborers from Japan in 1899; this was the single largest group of Japanese to leave for America in one year. Finally, the law annulled the contract labor permitting all the Japanese to migrate freely to the mainland USA. Process of Entering the US For many years, Hawaii was densely populated by the Japanese people, as opposed to other regions in the USA, and it was due to racial discrimination in the country. Racial discrimination was not significant in Hawaii as it was in the mainland US this had become known to the Japanese government, and it stopped issuing passports to citizens wishing to travel to the mainland US. However, many of those who received permission to travel to Hawaii found their way to mainland US (Johnson, 2010). Americans Attitude to Japanese The initial relationship between the Japanese and the American people were similar to those of Chinese and American relationships, as Chinese had also immigrated as laborers to Hawaii. The Chinese in Hawaii and mainland had ventured into small business and were successful, and this led to resentment and rejection from the Americans because of their hard work. The Japanese had followed the same pattern, initially like a substitute to Chinese labor, but soon there was a growing dislike for Japanese. These attitudes were more severe in the mainland as opposed to Hawaii and regulations were put in place that limited their progress and activities. In Hawaii, the laws limited the movement of the Japanese to more skilled jobs, and in the mainland they were not allowed to own land. The theory of racial profiling can be used to describe
Introduction Importance of physical and social activities for health:   * Control weight gain   * Strengthen bones and muscles   * Enhance mental health and mood   * Reduce risks of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases   * Reduce risk of certain cancers Indoor and outdoor physical activities do not have to be expensive in terms of materials and directions. Activities discussed include family bike ride, football, neighborhood walks, yoga, dancing and jogging. Physical and social activities are good for physical and mental well-being of a person. The activities discussed in this presentation promote family involvement for the entire family. These activities can help in reducing cases of overweight, increase bone density, body strength, reduce certain types of cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health and mood among others. Materials and directions required from these activities are not expensive. Family Bike Ride Activity description and venue   * The whole family can engage in safe bike riding around the neighborhood or tour parks   * Kid that can ride should ride   * Younger kids can be put in the bike’s cart and pulled by parents Benefits   * Building stronger bones and muscles   * Weight loss and burn calories   * Cardiovascular fitness   * Positive mental attitude   * Enhance family ties Directions   * Parents and children can safely ride their bikes around the neighborhood   * Younger children may carried on bike carts or seats All the necessary materials   * Bikes and safety gears   * Water/drinks   * Backpack for personal requirements The entire family can engage in a family bike ride because of health and social benefits. Bike riding is simple to organize, particularly when kids can ride without assistance. Bike riding is more than a fun activity because of its workout and social (family time together) benefits. Bike riding is a form of an aerobic exercise with tremendous benefits such as controlling weight gain, promoting cardiovascular fitness, positive mental attitude and improving family ties (Clayton, 2013). Lees and Hopkins have shown that such physical exercises can also improve “cognition, academic achievement, behavior and psychosocial functioning outcomes in children” (Lees & Hopkins, 2013, p. E174). Play football Activity description and venue   * Football (or any other preferred sports) can be played in the backyard within the family compound Benefits   * Bones and muscle strengths   * Socialization   * Burn calories and reduce weight Direction   * Parents may play against kids   * The game could take 10 to 20 minutes   * Have five minutes of breaks All the necessary materials   * Football   * Good pairs of sports shoes   * Water   * Sweatshirts and pants Many parents face a daily dilemma on what forms of exercise to do with children. Football can involve the whole family and provide fun, physical and emotional well
Introduction Berkshire Hathaway is an iconic business empire that has survived economic hard times such as the Great Recession between 2007 and 2009. Everyone admires the business empire, and they wish their small startups to grow to become as big as Berkshire Hathaway. Warren Buffett, the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, has remained a motivation to many people. However, few people have had an opportunity to meet him and ask specific individual questions on investment. A physical meeting with Warren Buffett offers a chance to ask questions, interact with him, and understand how it feels to be a billionaire. When meeting him, I would focus on two specific questions: what would Warren consider the most innovative business idea I can invest in with $1 million? Secondly, I would ask him about the particular measures he took for his company Berkshire Hathaway to remain profitable. The two questions would help in reflect on the most innovative business idea I could venture into and how I could ensure my new business stays afloat. What is the Most Innovative Business? With technological advancements and shifting consumer needs, business innovation is crucial. Big corporations such as Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway invest in creative incubators. Warren Buffett’s experience in the corporate world could shed some light on the criteria corporations use to identify innovative business ideas. Furthermore, he could give crucial information on how to set up a unique startup like Berkshire Hathaway. He could explain to me the criteria used by his company in selecting creative business ideas. As a follow-up question, I would like Warren Buffett to give me examples of business ideas that his company adopted and have remained significant in the industry. Getting the criteria for selecting an innovative business idea from Warren Buffett would motivate my startup journey. Starting a company from scratch is costly, and a budget of $1 million may be insufficient. The new company would require office space, marketing, and new resources, among others. However, with an innovative idea, the fresh startup would have several advantages for its sustainability. The creative business idea would ensure the improved productivity of the startup. Furthermore, with an innovative business idea, the new business would present increased turnover and improved profitability. Given that the start capital might allow the acquisition of business assets and pay the employees in the first few months, venturing into an innovative and affordable business would be an excellent opportunity for the new company to grow without liquidation risks. Therefore, asking Warren Buffet what he would consider the most innovative business idea would help him sample the concepts at hand and choose the most innovative for the new business. ‘ What are Berkshire Hathaway’s Survival tactics? Berkshire Hathaway has a monumental history of failed partnerships and liquidated operations such as textile operations. Warren Buffett built th