ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A policy generally refers to a standard or tenet to direct resolutions and attains rational result(s). The reference is in general not used to refer to whatever is essentially carried out; this is usually denoted as either process or modus operandi. While a policy will include the what and the why , processes or practices entail the what , the how, the where , and the when (Radin, 2000, p. 13). Policies are by and large taken on by the Board of or higher-ranking administration body within an entity where as processes or practices would be built up and taken on by higher-ranking administrative officials. This expression may be appropriate to government, non-governmental organizations, and individuals. Presidential decrees, commercial privacy principles, and legislative regulations of order are all illustrations of policy. Policy is different from regulations or tenets. Whereas regulation can coerce or make illegal behaviors, policy only directs actions in the direction of attaining a much wanted result. Professionals who specialize in civic policy have made out for major phases in the civic policy practice. These phases take account of the classifying of a difficulty, the devising of a policy alteration to get to the bottom of the predicament, the execution of that policy change, and the assessment of whether the resolution is running as preferred. In this form, civic policy procedure can be looked at as the paces an administration takes to deal with a civic predicament. The initial phase in the civic policy procedure is the making out of a predicament. This phase has to entail not just the making out of the being there of an issue, it as well has to involve a thorough scrutiny of the difficulty and its commencement (Stone, 2008, p. 7). This phase of the procedure at in most times entails finding out whom or what is impinged on, the extent to which the public is cognizant of the matter and if it is a short or long-standing distress. One more fundamental issue focuses on whether shifting civic policy can bring about transformation. Responses to such inquiries may offer policy crafters a measure for which policy alterations, if any, are required to take in hand the made out predicament. Policy formulation Following the making out of a predicament and its scrutiny, a civic policy way out is normally created and taken on. This phase in the civic policy procedure is normally manifest by dialogue and deliberations involving government representatives, interest organizations, and individual civilians on the most excellent way to take in hand the matter. The broad-spectrum aim of this phase is to lay down patent aspirations and catalog the paces to attain them (Rodney, 2009, p. 74). The formulation phase in most times as well entails a deliberation of other ways out, would-be impediments, and the way in which to quantify the consequences of the policy alteration. In the United States of America, policy creation and take on is normally directed by the Legislative Branch of the administration in office. Legislative stage In this phase of the policy
Being a true-crime story Green River, Running Red: The Real Story of the Green River Killer, America by Ann Rule, contains plenty of trustworthy facts, based on the files of the 19 years long investigation process of Gary Leon Ridgway case. Emphasizing the biographies of the victims, moral aspect of the crimes, and feelings of the relatives, the author describes the valuable details of the investigation process, methods, and techniques used by the police, admitting that some lives could be saved and some crimes prevented, if DNA testing had been conducted earlier. Viewing the investigation process from the outside, the author expresses her opinion concerning the methods used by the police and criticizes some of them. The writer was ethical during the investigation, did not ask questions that could hurt the investigation. She learned about the first crime of the serial murderer from a brief article in Seattle Post-Intelligencer, a local newspaper. A body of a young woman was found floating in the Green River, her arms and legs entangled. From the very beginning Rule starts criticizing the decisions of the police, as it appears to be problematic to identify the personality of the girl. Though she has five extraordinary tattoos on her body, the version of her connection with the motorcycle club due to a tattoo, representing a Harley-Davidson on her back, is considered to be the likeliest linking. Rule, as well as the present-day detectives, would rather consider several variants of linking and check several versions simultaneously. The girl is recognized as Wendy Lee Coffield by the tattoo artist after the descriptions of the girl’s tattoos are published in the local paper. Wendy appears to be much younger than she seems to be, the girl is sixteen, at the very beginning of her young life. Later on, the fact that the author is aware of the details of the police interrogation of the girl’s mother demonstrates that Rule is privy to some secret information. Though the narration is not aimed at depicting the details of the investigation process, the author is inclined to believe that not much is done for the investigation of the case. Wendy was founded on July 18, 1982, almost three decades passed since then and the progress in the methods of the investigation is immense, it means that the same crime would be investigated differently if it took place nowadays. Rule admits that the crime could be and was a kind of stranger-to-stranger homicides, which are the most difficult cases to solve, as there hardly can be found any links between the victim and the murderer. But the present-day level of the Investigation Theory can provide new opportunities for analysis of the data; using the scientific methods of research, the physical evidence can be found where it could not be found previously. Starting the investigation of Wendy’s case nowadays, the investigators could use Forensic Technology, to submit DNA and dentistry in the first line. These operations could be useful for the identification of the victim and with the purpose of gathering the information conc
Introduction It has come to my attention that at times some of our employees appear to be lost during the working meetings. For this reason, I saw a need to find a way to improve this situation. I found some interesting solutions for the abovementioned problem in using an interactive whiteboard during the meeting. Below, I will provide my ideas as to the advantages that are evident in the use of an interactive whiteboard during the meeting along with some of the possible disadvantages. Advantages The use of an interactive whiteboard may be found very beneficial in the situation when working meetings appear to be less effective as a result of destruction by some of the participators of a meeting and poor dynamics in its carrying out. It is also an efficient option for creating an atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration within the body of workers and management at the enterprise.   * An interactive whiteboard will offer an opportunity for collaborative interaction during the meeting as every employee will have a chance to follow the discussed matters watching what is written on the whiteboards. As a result, the problem of being destructed and failing to understand the speaker during the meeting will be solved.   * Using the use of the interactive whiteboard the working meeting may turn into an effective brainstorming session for the employees and the management as all the participants of the meeting will acquire an opportunity to engage in the discussion conducted by the speaker adding their valuable ideas and developing a better work plan as a result. Such interaction and cooperation will improve the quality of working meetings along with the work of the company as cooperation is a key to success in any business.   * The use of an interactive whiteboard at the meeting helps it become dynamic and lively providing a good opportunity for all the participants to be concentrated and attentive. Such a dynamic atmosphere is essential at any business meeting as it makes the meeting efficient.   * The use of an interactive whiteboard provides a good opportunity to visualize the objects discussed during the meeting. What is more important, the visualized objects may be sho
Introduction In an effort to preserve the security of their nations, governments use various means including the use of diplomatic measures that involve signing of treaties coupled with holding talks and conferences. In cases where these measures are not applicable and in the presence of increased tension and aggression, military action is usually inevitable. However, some scholars suggest the use of intelligence or covert operations as a third option, when diplomatic means seem too subtle and military action too aggressive (Daugherty 2006). Intelligence operations possess two main characteristics namely secrecy of operations and the deniability of such actions happening. The issues of viability of intelligence operations and their justification are usually controversial as critics arguing from a moral point of view consider such operations immoral and thus illegal considering their characteristics (Johnson 1988). In the past, people have questioned the necessity of intelligence operations and the benefits they serve to the citizens of the country by weighing these two aspects against the disadvantages they possess. Therefore, it is important to analyze the dynamics involved in the operations, weigh the benefits against the disadvantages, and establish the necessity of operations in governments. This paper aims at an analysis of the operations coupled with providing answers to the issues mentioned and providing possible solutions to the shortcomings, by applying the use of ‘Operation Mongoose’ and ‘Operation Northwoods’ during the Cold War period. The focus of the discussing is the American government and its intelligence operation agencies and operations. Intelligence operations Intelligence operations include a myriad of aspects including the collection of information, the provision of discrete solutions to problems that arise and to the issues warranting the operation, and the secrecy of resultant actions. Such operations involve the use of methods such as espionage, counter intelligence, covert operations and information operations. As mentioned earlier, such operations possess the characteristics of secrecy and deniability in the event that the operation becomes public knowledge or the recipient gets to know about it. In explaining this concept, it is important to look at two examples that form the focus of this paper’s discussion. Operation Mongoose was an initiative of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), an American organization with the mandate to conduct covert actions for the American government. President John F. Kennedy, who was in leadership at the time, strongly opposed the communist ideal and in November 1961, he authorized the use of aggressive covert action against the Cuban regime. The main aim of the operation was to aid Cuba in overthrowing the communist regime, after the failure of the invasive Bay of Pigs operation. William Harvey of the CIA and Edward Lansdale of the Department of Defense (DOD) led the operation, planning a series of independent attacks, each varying in the intended impact. Some of the strategic m
Introduction Hailed as the most influential writer of English literature, William Shakespeare has written 154 sonnets and 37 plays. Among the latter, “Macbeth” is arguably the most powerful and passionate creations of the great writer (Philips et al.). A Scottish general and the thane of Glamis, Macbeth is an intelligent and courageous man blessed with ambition and spirit (Macbillard). He has a loving wife , possesses an imposing home , and is highly regarded by King Duncan. Macbeth rapidly rises in power until he is crowned king of Scotland. However, the actions leading to this highest achievement were not unnaturally thrust on him, but caused to happen due to Macbeth’s role as the architect of his own fate (Johnston). Macbeth’s actions are the result of his fateful decisions; these decisions are either taken wholly on his own or precipitated by the actions of other characters in the novel. The event that spawns the spate of fateful decisions of Macbeth is his meeting with the three witches. Created by Shakespeare primarily to cause trepidation to the audience, the demonic and scary hags (Macbillard), symbols of antagonistic powers that work in nature (Theatrehistory.com), have roles shrouded in mystery, with nothing known about them except that they are subject to Hecate, the god of witchcraft (Ccs.k12.in.us). The three witches enthusiastically greet Macbeth first as the thane of Glamis , then as the thane of Cawdor . The proclamation of the second title is the spark that ignites the fire of his ambition, making him intensely interested in the apparent supernatural future foretelling powers of the ignoble hags. Ignoring Banquo’s statement that the witches don’t seem to be “inhabitants o’ th’ earth” , Macbeth is further shocked and overwhelmed when the witches go on to predict that he would be king of Scotland one day (Philips et al.). The uncouth and dishonorable agents of hell (Theatrehistory.com) then turn their attention to Banquo, referring to him as a person not of the same stature as Macbeth {“lesser than Macbeth”}, but whose children would occupy the throne of Scotland in future . While Banquo does not take the prediction seriously, saying the witches are like devils that tell half-truths in order to “win us to our harm” , Macbeth muses thoughtfully and seriously on their words, murmuring to Banquo: “Your children shall be kings” (Philips et al.). Macbeth’s already fired up ambition is fanned into a conflagration by his fiercely ambitious and totally unscrupulous wife. Lady Macbeth knows that Macbeth is ambitious but not strong-willed enough to take matters into his own hands: “being too full o’ th’ milk of human kindness/ To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great,/ Art not without ambition, but without/ The illness should attend it” (Mabillard). So when she hears about the witches’ prophecies, Lady Macbeth employs powerful and effective oration liberally spiced with sophisms that cast a
Staff development is a continuous plan in school that focuses on developing teachers’ knowledge, skills and strategies. The development programs aim at influencing teachers’ self understanding and their behaviors so as to influence the students. This happens because teachers have a direct contact with the students in their daily operations through the process of learning and teaching. The training is reinforced through continuous, classified, formal or informal plans. Personal development addresses specific teaching career issues (Rodriguez, 2000, para. 3-7). This paper seeks to explore the essence of staff development and technology change management in schools and also analyze the effectiveness of these components. Introduction It is important for an institution or organization to capitalize on the staff’s abilities and potentials that arises from the shared responsibilities and the use of technology. This is because employees have the ability to improve their skills through self directed programs for development and trainings. However, whether or not it is an initiative of the school or company to have employees train, the staff has to be committed to learn and explore the learning opportunities. This is the only way in which the goals of the development plan can be achieved. Discussion The initial ability and comfort in using information technology to enhance staff skills and knowledge of content delivery in a learning environment may be a challenge. This is because of the various attitudes that are likely to emerge due to the different attitudes, beliefs and thoughts about the technology in use among individuals. The beliefs highly influence future intentions in the use of technology in the elementary education. Teachers can be given a chance to evaluate their skills against the parameters of the training program. A staff development practice in a school will foster personal development hence improve the overall performance in the institution. The proof for this can only be measured on improved results and achievements of students. The National Staff Development Council, NDSC advocates the improvement of professional efficiency in the teaching and learning process in order for all students to achieve their optimum results (Thomson & Holloway, 1997, p. 312-314). Staff development not only aims at enhancing performances in school but also on enhancing workers’ attitudes towards work, positive motivation, creating strong relationships among the teachers and sharpening them on the acquire new skills and knowledge. Staff development practices The fact that the training team has common values and long term goals; every member has to tolerate multiplicity and disagreements in order to learn as a group. There is also the need to cultivate essential and quality practices that will help achieve a successful implementation of the staff development strategy. Study group is one of these quality practices that reinforce the achievement personal development among employees. Teacher trainees can be assigne
Introduction How we communicate in the workplace affects the level of performance in any environment. Listening is part of the communication process, and it involves attention to both verbal and non-verbal communication (Goad, 2002). There are four types of listening, content, critical, emphatic and active. Active listening involves establishing what the person speaking is saying through words and body language. Eye contact, posture and gesture should be highly considered in active listening to comprehend fully what the person is saying (Goad, 2002). Process of active listening Good listening requires the listener to follow the following active process to fully synthesis what is been said; The first step involves listening and understanding to acquire full meaning of the information. Remove all distractions to give the speaker full attention, this involves closing the door, switching off the TV or radio and cell phones (Perkins, 2008). Try to also read the non-verbal communication such as facial expression, hand gestures and sitting position. Allow internalization and try to focus on the speaker while taking down notes (Perkins, 2008). The second process involves empathizing, which involves understanding the issue from the speaker’s perspective (Perkins, 2008). The listener on a one on one basis should try and look at the issue from the speaker’s angle while placing emotions on hold. A patient for example explaining severe pain in several parts, the doctor should emphasize to gain full knowledge of the pain. The third process involves asking questions and encouraging the speaker by offering feedback (Perkins, 2008). A good listener should avoid being biased and stereotyping because this prevents good communication. One after listening should increase the level of understanding by asking questions about the key issue. Questions allow the listener to compile relevant information that they did not acquire before. The last process involves paraphrasing, a skill that requires the listener to interpret what the speaker said in his or her own words (Perkins, 2008). The listener paraphrases to ensure that what the speaker said is what the listener understood. This prevents miscommunication between the listener and the speaker. Always find an interesting point to pick from in a dull but important conversation. Benefits of active listening in the workplace The process of active listening tests the understanding of the key issue, it encourages healthcare workers to clarify and absorb more on the issue at hand. It facilitates communication by helping the healthcare worker comprehend, retain and respond to what is been said by patients. It prevents and untangles the chance of the listener coming up with wrong interpretations and unclear meaning. The process allows the listener to have full benefit of absorbing the critical message relayed (Goad, 2002). The process involves having the speaker ask questions and providing feedb
Introduction The Language of the Blood is a story that recounts the memories of a girl who was adopted by an American couple from Korea. The story is written in an emotional tone. The story brings the idea that the author was in some form of prison. The author evokes strong emotions, trying to compare life in the United States and that of her motherland in Korea. This story brings a clear reflection of what some adopted children would feel about their adoption. In the United States, the act of adopting children is common. Many couples, especially those who are not lucky enough to get children would prefer adopting children from overseas countries. This book highly encourages those who are involved in adopting a child to take some precautions. It is always the desire of the adopting parents that the child would grow up appreciating the fact that they are the parents. When such a child grows up questioning his or her parentage, it becomes extremely difficult to satisfy them as parents. The question of the age of adoption is one of the most crucial factors that is raised from this book Trenka’s Memoirs Treka is a young Korean adoptee. She was adopted by Lutheran Couple and was brought up to know that they are Americans. The letter from the mother of the adoptee brings the memory of the girl to life at her ancestral land. The mother tries to explain why she had to let the children be adopted by the Americans. The argument of the mother seems so justified to the girl. She is convinced that their mother was not given any other choice but to let