ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Blackfoot people represent the Native American tribes, which were subdivided into four parts. The Siksika, Blood, south, and north Piegan are the four components of the Blackfoot tribe who were the Native Americans. According to history, the Blackfoot tribe stretched from the Missouri River, which is located in Montana to the Saskatchewan River located in Canada. The four tribes consisted of common cultural values and language. In addition, the tribes inter-married and held ceremonial gatherings to enhance their culture, rituals, and mutual understanding amongst themselves. The subdivision of the Blackfoot people in certain seasons resulted in the creation of smaller groups and easier communication and migration aspects. The Blackfoot people were the first to migrate to the Western regions depending on vegetables and buffalos as their food and diet. The current situation of the Blackfoot people was resulted from numerous reasons and factors. The presence of the Europeans in the form of traders acts as the origin of the changes experienced by the Blackfoot people. Various experiences started happening to the natives due to the arrival of the Europeans and the introduction of the various Europeans cultures and norms. The Blackfoot people were introduced to English by the Europeans. They adopted English and Western culture, leaving their native language and culture. The creation of division amongst the Blackfoot people produced loopholes and easier control and attack from the Europeans. The provision of schools, hospitals, and other facilities from the Europeans gained trust and admiration from the Blackfoot people due to the various challenges and sicknesses faced through the migration process and in the natural habitats. The vitality and strength of the four tribes reduced drastically with the increase of the Europeans in their midst. The current situation of the Blackfoot people depends on their status, demography or loca
Geography, Climate and the Socio-Political History of France France is commonly officially known as the French Republic. The country is in the Western Europe with several territories and islands. France is sometimes referred to as the Hexagon because of the Hexagonal shape of its territory. It is bordered by Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Monaco and Spain and Andorra lie on its south. It is connected to the United Kingdom via a Channel Tunnel which passes through English Channel. France is the largest country in West-European country with the second exclusive economic zone in the world. It covers 11,035,000 square kilometers (Dahl, 2006). France is one of the worlds most populated country and also one of the world most developed nation. It is the country with the words’ highest life expectancy and one of the best in terms of health care facilities as listed by the World Health Organization. In terms of tourism, it is the worlds most visited country receiving 82 million tourists each year. It’s the founding member of United Nations and a member of G8, G20 and NATO among other organizations. Two third of France is composed of mountains and hills. These include the Alps, Pyrenees and Vosges ranges. Mont Blanc in the Alps is the highest mountain in Europe. The capital city of he French Republic is Paris which is the world’s most beautiful city and a popular tourist area (McKenzie, 2007). The French population has diverse origins. Many people have settled in France including Celts, Romans, Germans, Russians, Asians, Africans and North Americans. The population composition and size varies with region in France. Traditionally France used to be a rural based population but today about 75% live in cities and towns. One of the most important parts of France is art and culture. Many famous artists are from France with several writers coming from France. Sports are Commonplace in France with soccer being the most common sport activity in France. France is located mid-way between the equator and the North Pole. This gives France a temperate climate with some areas at times becoming either extremely cold. The Mediterranean coast is washed by the warm Gulf Stream current that provide mild winter and hot dry summers. In the mountainous regions of France, climate tends to be moderate with some considerable rain and snow (Dahl, 2006). The official language in France is French although in addition, there are more than seven officially recognized languages including Catalan, Gallo, and Tahitian among others. In addition, there are nine local French based languages which give up to 23 languages spoken in France. The main religion is Roman Catholic with Muslim, Protestant and Jewish forming the minority. The education in France is composed of 10 years of compulsory education with literacy levels being 99%. The fact that France has access to the rest of the word places it strategically to reach different markets to sell finished products as well as get raw materials for its indust
Malaria remains a serious problem for people living in developing countries. The statistics show that every year the disease kills about 400,000 people, mostly children and pregnant women, in Africa (McNeil, 2020). Regardless of multiple attempts to improve the situation, it remains complex, as there are still many new cases every year. The epidemiological triad of the disease presupposes that there is a host, or a human being, an agent, plasmodium falciparum, and the environment, or the areas characterized by the presence of mosquitoes (Henderson et al., 2020). The elimination of one of the components of the tirade should help to decrease rates. Malaria causes most deaths during rainy months; however, during dry seasons, parasites are carried from one human host to another. It becomes a serious barrier to the improvement of the situation and protecting people in developing states. However, recent research shows that the parasite has a unique mechanism of survival. It can undergo a genetic change and hide in a persons’ bloodstream undetected (McNeil, 2020). The given discovery might change the vision of the disease and how communities can struggle with it. For vast territories of Africa, rainy seasons can be fatal as they cause malaria; however, it is possible to reduce deaths by using the results of blood tests to detect people with parasites and provide them with additional protection (Sauboin et al., 2019). At the same time, for this region, the task might be complex because of the poor accessibility of health services and the low level of income (Sauboin et al., 2019). In such a way, the new investigations introduce new information that can help to struggle with the disease, but there is still much to be done.
Music has a marvelous ability to be correctly perceived by the people regardless of their culture, language, or country. Moreover, music can represent a place, reflect its inhabitants’ values, and be a tool to explore history. Neighborhoods, cities, and entire countries have their musical genres and flows that reflect the culture and make it available to de discovered by foreigners. Some of them include many small musical flows that together form the society’s portrait. Los Angeles is full of creative people and cultural minorities, and musical genres can change from soft surf sounds to hard rock from one neighborhood to another (Kun 185). The music of that city reflects essential American values such as freedom and reveals its inhabitants’ lifestyle throughout history. Prosperous neighborhoods of Los Angeles include many societies with different cultures and values they represent through their compositions. The genres varied throughout history and were mostly influenced by Californian widespread flows, such as folk in the 1970s, West Coast rap in the 1980s, and nu-metal in the early 2000s (Ozyurtcu 21). However, some flows were established, particularly in Los Angeles, and remain in its modern culture. Surf music is an excellent example of the culture formed in the city and developed with its changes. This paper aims to discuss how the surfing movement’s songs reflect Los Angeles’s culture through its history and prove that the chosen genre represents the city. The “Los Angeles is Singing” essay written by Josh Kun in 2015 describes the city’s most popular songs and genres. The author maps the neighborhoods and provides a brief history of why specific musical flows were established in those places (Kun 190). Moreover, the songs about Los Angeles are listed in the article and show how people value the city and its traditions. As one of the most attractive city’s attributes, Surfing is mentioned in multiple compositions and highlights the importance of surf music for tourists and inhabitants (Kun 186). The essay encourages the readers to discover Los Angeles history via the songs about it and pay attention to the popular music flows in different periods. The statements from “Los Angeles is Singing” support the thesis that cultures like surf music reflect the city through history. Other arguments can admit that songs written and performed by surfers represent Los Angeles, and the genres’ changed due to the novelties of life in the chosen p
Introduction This essay is a critique of the article called How to be your customer. The article was authored by Sahar Hashemi. The essay was published in the London Business School Journal Issue number 4 of 2013. Main Body The main purpose of the article is to address the importance of a customer in the performance of a company. The contribution of the management by viewing itself as the ‘customer’ is fundamental in this regard. With or without the direct contribution or feedback from the consumer, the management should position itself as a client. The administration would consider things that the consumer perceives as satisfactory. The company would hence endeavor to meet the needs from a consumer perspective as opposed to what the company offers. The employees should not be solely attracted by the appraisal system and focus on the organizational structure. They should be convinced that what the company offers satisfactorily meets the needs of the customer. Hashemi sought to emphasize that cus the tomer-focus strategy ensures that the company does not struggle to sell to the end-user (Hashemi, 2013). The key question Hashemi sought to address is the importance of focusing on the importance of shopper service. The author demonstrates that no matter how much investment is put in the search, the core focus of a business should be founded on ensuring that purchaser needs are met. The answer the author gives to this is that any successful business is customer-focused. The organization should consider whether or not what it is offering would be wanted by the shoppers, according to Hashemi. Further, she states that the bottom-line answer to success is getting the real picture of what the buyer needs and work towards achieving it (Hashemi, 2013). The most important information in the article is that Hashemi is basing the argument not only on management theories but also on personal experience as a customer. In demonstrating the importance of customer satisfaction, the author gives the example of Will King. Based on the article, the author created King of Shaves, given that he was not satisfied with the foam shaving products. The available products would not meet his needs and probably a large percentage of other clienteles. However, the manufacturers did not put this into consideration. Therefore, to augment the argument, the author states that she started her own business due to the frustrations of not finding what she wanted in the market. When the author established her own business, she further learned why companies fail to address buyer service effectively. She identifies a scenario where one of her managers would consume products from a competitor, given that the company did not have an outlet in his home surrounding. The gist of this is that the manager had grown further from the needs of the company by distancing himself from the needs of the clienteles despite his e
Introduction In this DNP project, several questionnaires are used as the main evaluation tool. In a self-administrated questionnaire, there are four issues for analysis (gender, age, nursing experience, and duties) that contain nominal scales with the help of which variables are labeled without any quantitative value (numerical significance). The other two questionnaires, the ENSS and SF-12, aim at gathering ordinal scales. The main characteristic of ordinal data of these evaluation tools is the presence of the values’ order (not quality differences). These scales are applied to measure non-numeric concepts, including stress and satisfaction. Despite the intention to plan each step and predict the type of data, in any DNP or research project, extraneous variables cannot be ignored. These unwanted factors prevent finding the relation between dependent and independent variables and measuring the results. To control such variables, it is expected to minimize differences between participants (nurses of the same age group who work at the same facility), to invite the same educator (not to cause various participants’ reactions), and to create a similar environment for all practices. Finally, statistical control (via the ANOVA statistical tool) helps to reduce the impact of extraneous variables. The analysis of quantitative data obtained from a self-administrated questionnaire is based on the application of descriptive statistics. With the help of this questionnaire, the researcher proves the appropriateness (meeting the inclusion criteria) of the participants to the project. The results of the SF-12 questionnaire will be analyzed by means of a linear regression analysis. This type of analysis allows to include several parameters (gender, position, or age) that can predict better outcomes (Pandis, 2016). The same test is taken before and after the intervention within one group of nurse
Refrigerator Mothers is a 2003 documentary TV film directed by David E. Simpson for Public Broadcasting Service. The film focuses on the lives of mothers who were raising children diagnosed with autism in the 1950’s and 1960’s, including their struggles and worries. They were labeled «Refrigerator Mothers» because the science of that age was blaming them for not giving enough attention, care, and warmth to their children. The film also tells us about Bruno Bettelheim, a follower of the Freudian psychoanalysis method, who popularized the theory. I find this film interesting and thought-provoking, though it is quite sad and sometimes hard to watch. You feel very sorry for these people who have grown old and still behave like children, but even more, you empathize with their mothers. One of the interviewees in a movie described his mother who raised his autistic brother as a «Hero» because she was able to lay aside her needs for another person for such a long time (Simpson, 2003,17:10-17:19). Having seen the film, I share this point of view, because when you see the devotion and compassion these mothers have for their children, they cannot be called any other way. When you raise a child, you need to watch them constantly before they become conscious, so they would not do something wrong. But when the person is having autism, they have to be cared for throughout their lives. In the 1950’s, some of the parents took their children to the special treatment centers where medical workers looked after them. The medical establishment of that time popularized the idea that the reason that caused autism was the lack of maternal love. Therefore, the best way to handle it was to remove children from the families, so it was crucial to put persons with autism in these centers. Perhaps, if this theory had been true, it would have been a good idea to take children from the families into the hands of caring and kind doctors. However, the film shows us these mothers, and they do not seem like «Refrigerator Mothers»: in fact, they are very caring and attentive. It makes Bruno Bettelheim’s theory look divorced from reality and it becomes unclear what prompted him to these thoughts. It is also disturbing to watch scenes where Bruno Bettelheim talks about his centers. He compares relationship between parents and autistic children to interaction between guards and prisoners in Nazi camps, but the way he treated children is also terrible. The film tells us that children were locked in rooms without toys and any other objects and it was prohibited for their parents to visit them, which gives a negative impression. Decades later, his theory was denied and rejected by further researches. The film tells us about psychologists like Bernard Rimland, who proved that the causes of autism were biological, not social (Simpson, 2003,34:52-35:20), which, luckily, helped psychiatry shift to a more humane direction. Nonetheless, Bruno Bettelheim was not a villain, who did such thi
How is innovation built in the governance process within the Khalifa Fund? Innovation is dependent on the senior management. The top managers set examples to be followed to ensure success. Khalifa Fund’s leadership gives the participants an environment built on trust to ensure that employees have an opportunity to express themselves without the fear of being ridiculed. Khalifa Fund’s Deputy Chief Executive Officer is in fact a learned person. The DCEO is a certified business manager, fraud examiner, and public accountant. Besides, the DCEO has a wide range of experience with various industries. With these qualities, he has the ability to know a creative mind and help individuals develop their innovating minds. Previously, the fund fully adopted the innovative ideas where personnel had to do a research on how government and innovations are related. The members did research on the ‘Singapore Model, which was a good example of how funding from the government can aid in innovations. The research and expertise of the person in charge led to the development a first class model for Khalifa fund that promoted innovation as it was deemed fit in the current culture. Innovation was built from the first time when the fund started operating. It is organized in such a way that the leaders set an example in serving both the society and community. Thus, there are programs that are suitable for each category of people. What is the focus of innovation: Current operations? New area? Existing or new? Why? The focus of innovation is on the current operations that people do daily to earn livelihood and the newly generated ideas. The two startup-programs focus on what people are currently doing. The Khutwa gives aids to ladies of UAE nationality who want to start their businesses at home. From the case, such people probably did not go to school to learn their work, but learnt it from their parents and grandparents at home. Such businesses mainly incorporate garments, handicrafts, and cottage industries. Bedaya, which is the second program, helps those who want to be business entrepreneurs. Such people have ideas in mind with laid out plans but have no capital to start their projects. The other program named Zedaya gives assistance to those that have existing business, but want to expand and grow. All these are businesses that already exist and operational only that the people need help. The ideas also help in solving the current issue of unemployment and its impact on society and economy. However, it does not focus on ideas that one has no laid out plan on how to go about or start. The new ideas are developed through trainings organized by Khalifa fund. The trainings are meant to help individuals on how to think from a wider perspective while leaving out the obvious things. The new ideas are developed founded on the fact that they will help
The United States of America is a diverse nation, and different groups of people engage in various activities. In recent months, a number of events involving the Native American community have taken place. This report aims to review the current prominent events for the native American tribes. Specifically, incidents involving culture, healthcare, discrimination, territory, and changes in the law and official guidelines will be discussed. COVID-19 Vaccination in Alaska The COVID-19 pandemic and different measures and vaccination drive against it is the top news story in many communities. The USA is one of the world’s leaders in immunization, with some regions in the state of Alaska showing the highest vaccination rates for adults aged 16 and older (Bohrer, 2021). The regional tribal health organization states that over 80 percent of the state’s eligible residents received at least one dose of the vaccine (Bohrer, 2021). Such isolated communities as St. Lawrence Island have been at the forefront of the campaign to protect the community’s lives. In remote areas, where the toll of previous flu and tuberculosis epidemics has been substantial, the local government achieved the highest vaccination rates in the country (Bohrer, 2021). According to Bohrer (2021), the Indian Health Service is responsible for the distribution of the doses in the region, with the organization managing to extend eligibility quicker than the rest of the country and exchange doses with communities outside of the state. Overall, Alaska illustrates the exemplary vaccine roll-out, with most of its Native American population being inoculated. However, due to the climate and the geography of the state, the logistics of the vaccine drive have proven to be challenging. In Tanana, Alaska, the drop in temperatures below 40°C resulted in the healthcare team being unable to fly out to the city and provide vaccine doses to over a hundred people (Bohrer, 2021). Due to poor weather conditions, two planes could not start, prompting the third plane to be commissioned to pick up the medical team and transport it to Tanana (Bohrer, 2021). However, in many remote cities and villages accessible only by air, most citizens have already been vaccinated. For example, over 90% of people living in the isolated community of White Mountain received their doses (Bohrer, 2021). Thus, Alaska is one of the leading states in the vaccination roll-out even with the encountered logistics issues. Native American Land Updates The issue of land being returned to the Native American community has been a highly debated one in the United States. Currently, the US Interior Department is working on overturning the policies implemented during the presidency of Donald Trump, which hindered “efforts by tribes to establish, consolidate and govern their homelands” (Brown, 2021). Recently, Deb Haaland, the first Native American Interior Secretary, released an order allowing Bureau of Indian Affairs officials to authorize the transfer of private land not located on reservations into federal trust (Brown, 2021). However, until the surrendered territory is transferred into th