ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Alpheus and Arethusa, Battista Di Domenico Lorenzi 1568-70 at the Velez Blanco Patio Figure 1: Alpheus and Arethusa. Source: met museum. Alpheus and Arethusa is a marble sculpture created by Lorenzi during 1568-70. The height of the sculpture is 58 5/8 inches, width is 32 5/8 inches and depth is 23 ½ inches. The sculpture weighs 782 pounds. It was designed for a garden owned by Alamanno Bandini. It was initially erected in his villa near Florence. According to Roman mythology, Arethusa was the daughter of Nereus. The literal meaning of Arethusa is “the waterer” and the tale on which this sculpture of Alpheus and Arethusa is based, has its origin in a river. Mythology suggests that one day when Arethusa was having a bath in a river, Alpheus, the river God, expressed his love for her. Arethusa was not interested in his advances because she wanted to remain chaste in her worshipping of Artemis. She got frightened and tried to flee from there. When she noticed that Alpheus was continuously pursuing her, she requested Goddess Diana (Artemis) to come to her rescue. Diana responded back and transformed Arethusa into a cloud, but since she was very frightened, she started perspiring and as a result, took the form of a stream. She (in the form of a stream) travelled underground and appeared at the island of Ortygia. Alpheus followed her and mingled with her waters (Remington, 1940). The sculpture being discussed is a depiction of Alpheus and Arethusa in an arrested position. Alpheus is shown trying to hold Arethusa with his left hand while she attempts to get herself free from the tangle. Arethusa is shown holding her clothes in her left hand; probably she might have taken them off in order to have a bath. Alpheus is shown holding a vase in his right hand; the vase is believed to be a source of water (Wardropper, 2011). This sculpture might seem to be static but actually it was the sculptor’s initiative towards depicting figures in motion. Lorenzi depicted both Alpheus and Arethusa as if they were moving forward. Alpheus is shown to be moving forward while Arethusa is diverting sideways. The sculptor us
Domestic terrorism occurs when an individual or individuals of a country unleash violence on fellow citizens or the built environment. I think domestic terrorism exists in society due to extremism, which is typified by a system of beliefs and activities of persons who promote ideologically based violence to achieve political and religious objectives. Thus, domestic terrorists have attitudes that are considered by the majority in society as morally wrong (Kaplan, 2017). In my opinion, people could be driven by some factors or they could be conditioned throughout their lives to engage in domestic terrorism. For example, individuals might be radicalized to acquire extreme beliefs. Thus, they act to harm others or destroy infrastructure. Besides, people could be unhappy with the leadership of a nation or state (Kaplan, 2017). Homegrown terrorists might offer several reasons for planning and executing their acts of violence (Kaplan, 2017). They may claim that they are killing other people since they hold different religious views. They may also say that they feel unrecognized in the management of affairs of their nation. In addition, homegrown terrorists might state that they harm others and destroy infrastructure because their protests for economic empowerment have borne no fruits. Although similar methods and consequences characterize domestic terrorism and hate crimes, there are differences between the two. Homegrown terrorists act because they feel that there exist political, ideological, or religious discrepancies. Extremism often characterizes homegrown terrorism in many countries across the world. Besides, the offenders may sometimes commit their crimes and end up committing suicide, especially when religious extremism is involved (Laqueur, 2017). On the other hand, hate crimes are driven by hate toward others or systems; thus, they are not typified by religious, ideological, or political reasons. Extremism might not be an element in hate crimes around the world. Besides, hate criminals may not kill themselves after they commit their offenses (Laqueur, 2017). Reference  1. Kaplan, A. (2017). The counter-terrorism puzzle: A guide for decision makers. New  2. Laqueur, W. (2017). A history of terrorism. New York, NY: Routledge.
Introduction The Internet has provided immense success to various business practices. In recent years, the business to customer (B2C) mode of organizations have achieved a high degree of success and expanded the scope of their opportunity through employing online medium for marketing and doing business. Similarly, the business-to-business (B2B) segment too, slowly has moved towards a less costly and highly successful online mode of business. Especially in area of staffing and employment agency, the online mode of business has become an immense success (e.g. Monster.com). Therefore, the success that general staffing agencies have received by going online can intuitively be transferred to medical staffing business. Medical staffing agencies have traditionally followed brick and mortar form of business. However, with increasing need to expand, and changing mode of business environment due to technological advancement, the need to enhance the online presence of medical staffing agency is important. This process will help in establishing an online portal that will help in bringing together hospitals and medical institutions with the practitioners. The p
Introduction Background Figure 1: Total health care expenditure in the US as a percentage of GDP, Source OECD. Health care demand has been increasing constantly in the US. According to the OECD data, the total expenditure on healthcare in the US as a percentage of GDP has continually increased (see figure 1). There has been a 17 percent increase in expenditure share in GDP from 2000 through 2007 and a huge 207.6 percent increase since 1960. The share has increased from 5 percent in 1960 to 16 percent in 2007 (OECD). This indicates that there has been a rise in demand for health care services. This paper examines the demand for health care in the US. The question therefore arises is that what determines the demand for health in the US. Michael Grossman pointed out that demand for health or rather “good health” is a function of “shadow price” determined by various factors like age, education, income, etc. which is negatively related to heath demand (Grossman 225). Therefore, age is one of the key factors that affect the demand for health care. Statement of Problem The American population has been aging over the last few years and has been identified as one of the reasons for the rapid growth in health care expenditure (Newhouse 5). This increases the demand for a different health policy to tackle the aging population. Researchers have often posed the question – of the aging population is driving the healthcare demand in the US. Reinhardt has shown through his s
Several writers have alluded to the existence of mystic vital forces that have direct impact on what the living people do on a day-to-day basis (Allen, 2013; Auerbach, 2013; Beattie & Middleton, 2013; Hourigan, 2013; Malone, Levendosky, Dayton & Bogat, 2010). In fact, some sources indicate that ghosts could haunt some people either during the day or at night (Frosh, 2013). Various poets and filmmakers have also focused on narrating their perception with regard to ghosts (Loevlie, 2013). Indeed, the first ever-recorded claim of existence of a ghost dates back to the first century A.D in Athens. This paper will reveal some of the findings of enquiries into the existence of ghosts and debunk the existence of ghosts. A comparative study of the existence of ghosts cannot be separated from the narrative of the various religions of the world. In all the three narratives of the Abrahamic religions, Christianity, Islam and Hebrew, they all allude to ghosts in various ways (Bloom, 2013). The religions of antiquity in Sumer, Babylon and Assyria claim that ghosts came into existence during death. Thus, burial and other rituals were performed in a manner that suggested that even the dead existed somewhere in the cosmos. The Hebrew Bible associates ghosts with a result of evil or occult acts. Therefore, if these three religions of the world could be true, then it should follow that ghosts exist. In Christianity, after resurrection, Jesus Christ explains to his disciple Thomas that he is not a ghost. This assertion makes a case for a society that recognized the existence and potency of this notion. The Greek mythology also makes a case for the existence of ghosts. In Homer’s Odyssey and Iliad, ghosts are described as ‘vapor, gibbering and whining into earth’. It is critical to observe that in Homer’s case, the ghosts do not in way interact with the day-to-day activities of the living (Topalian, 2013). In the case, the ghosts were only summoned to offer guidance in times of danger and trouble. The Greek mythology, however, provides an evolving account of ghosts. By the 5 th century, the mythology puts a case for ghosts that are capable of both good and evil acts. During this period, ghosts are to be appeased through a range of rituals, sacrifices and libations (Richey, 2013). The Roman Empire is one of the rich sources of information on anthropology. The account of the ancient Roman Empire of the existence of ghosts is that of vengeance (Cannell, 2013; Platt, 2013). During the European Renaissance, interest in occult activities was reinvented and investigated by various social philosophers of the time. Some accounts that followed include ballads, such as ‘The Unquiet Grave’ and ‘Sweet Williams Ghost’. Thus, the theory of the existence of ghosts is intertwined with the life of man in every stage since man developed a formal language to express himself. The 19 th century provided a paradigm shift from a hitherto conception of ghosts to spiritualism. According to Beattie and Middleton (2013), this notion had its peak in the
Psychological development is a popular topic within social sciences. The most essential part of the study might be the child mentality development. To investigate how the tragic childhood eventually influences the adults, the works of Piaget, Erikson, and Vygotsky were implied. The object of the investigation is a fictional character Rorschach, a vigilante and one of the main protagonists from Watchmen comic book. The results show that the early years and continuous abuse of the character resulted in his twisted and unhealthy world perception, and he could have become an average grateful person if his upbringing differed from the given. Walter Joseph Kovacs, whose alter-ego eventually becomes known as Rorschach, is a fictional character of the original Watchmen comic series. The vigilante lives in a dystopian world of superheroes with no supernatural powers, where the emergence of vigilantes causes major shifts in history. The changes include different outcomes from significant American events, such as the Vietnam War, Assassination of John F. Kennedy, and the Hippie movement (Moore, Gibbons, & Higgins, 2008). Rorschach is the key character who investigates a series of vigilante’s murders and is involved in the main comic’s events. The character’s above-average intelligence level allows him to investigate complex cases with a qualitative approach. His special features as a person include highly strict temperament, overall seriousness, and negative life perception. The latter is the main result of child abuse and his psychically traumatic childhood period. Walter was left by his father and lived all his childhood with a mother who began working as a prostitute for survival. The child experienced much abuse, witnessed explicit scenes of his mother’s intercourse and suffered from bullying (Moore et. al, 2008).In accordance with some of the recognized theories of child psychological development, the following theory aims to analyze the reasons from the early years of Rorschach’s personality formation. A variety of psychologists dedicated their works to the issue of a child’s personality formation and psychic development. Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist whose area of expertise was child development, established his theory on the matter. According to Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development, at the first stage, a child learns to think symbolically, at the second one, the thinking becomes logical, then a child adopts an ability to classify, at last, analytical abstract thinking emerges (Rider, 2017). In Rorschach’s first two years of life, which refer to the first stage, he formed an ideal image of his father. The illusion eventually was ruined and caused Kovacs’ suspicious attitude toward the surroundings. At the second stage, he discovered about his mother’s job and
In Waite’s research (1) on Prototypes for Teaching Word Meaning , varying amounts of information to be learned, different stimulus familiarization, different measures of practice and varying value of association were the effects of four discussions assessed in four studies that compared the acquisition of synonyms by normal and learning disabled children. The results were not conclusive considering the optimum amount of information to be learned in one case. Learning disabled students needed threefold practice trials as compared to the normal students, hence stressing the significance of drill for learning disabled students. Enhancing stimulus familiarization at no time substantially improves the disabled students’ synonym learning. Lastly, both learning disabled and normal students more quickly learned the high association synonyms, although this treatment was much effectual for normal than learning disabled students. S1T1 and S1T2 cell pupils participated in these studies. Critique In studying the material amount, a list of nine synonym and three synonym pairs were used on two different groups to extrapolate the results. Normal students were found to have performed better than the learning disabled students. In my view, this was inappropriate especially because one treatment was easier than the other and might have contributed to the difference seen in their performances. Three treatments were set to investigate the effects of varying practice amounts. All cases received twelve trials whilst learning nine pairs of synonyms which were scored at the end of four, eight and twelve trials, marked as treatment one, two and three respectively. The normal students’ performance greatly surpassed that of the learning disabled students under all the treatments. For both groups, the fourth trials performance was inferior as compared to the eighth and twelfth performance which improved (Waites 2). The findings of this study are reliable as it used the same amount of treatments on both the subjects. It further adds great value to the teaching of learning disabled in that, it emphasizes the importance of drilling and practice. The study of stimulus familiarization involved the variances for stimulus familiarization as the treatments whereby treatment one was given three practice stimulus item presentations. The second treatment received one practice stimulus item presentation that preceded the second list of study. The measure of response was the count of correct answers on every test list. The results showed that both groups progressed over the trials with higher performance in the normal than the learning disabled. Again I do not agree with this study as different number of tests was administered to the two groups of students. Instead, similar kind and nu
Influence of Negative Issues like Labor Shortages and Socio-Demographic Changes on Organizational Responsibility Nobody will argue the fact that at the present moment the system of the US healthcare delivery has become not a social institute that is aimed at the provision of the nation’s welfare but a business organization that has to respond quickly to the changing market needs. Many institutions are catering for the needs of the US nation in cases they have problems with health, but their cooperation is based solely on the contracts they conclude, and it was a strange inference to understand that the government does not carry any responsibility and does not have any obligations concerning the provision of healthcare services to its citizens (Harris, 2007). This discovery brought about much dispute about the level of organizational responsibility that has to be imposed on the medical institutions, the standards they have to comply with as well as the procedures they are guided by while making ethical decisions. Now the question is raised not only about benevolence and nonmaleficence – here comes the general dilemma between being guided by the law or by principles of ethics and morality. These issues are the subject of the present paper; it is necessary to understand what issues the subject of concern for healthcare organizational responsibility are, how they are kept to, and how the ethical dilemmas occurring in the day-to-day practices of healthcare executives are treated and solved. Surely, there are many approaches to considering any healthcare establishment as a system that has to subdue certain rules, regulations, and standards. The question of compliance acquires special relevance when speaking about the accreditation by the JCAHO. But Boyle et al. (2001) note that the glance at the way the organization functions is not enough to assess the real level of its ethical culture, organizational responsibility, etc. There are often many secondary factors that have to be thoroughly considered in the assessment process and that may turn out to produce a negative influence on the whole organizational functioning, thus needing elimination. Judging from the perspective of the rational systems approach, only the formal structure of the organization is assessed. Coming closer to the non-formal structure is possible through the natural systems approach – it studies both of them in their synergy at the working place. The open systems approach is the most efficient one under the conditions of the change, as it gives a chance to assess the level of success with which the healthcare organization has adapted to the change, which is needed for the present research (Boyle et al., 2001). In the current situation of reforming healthcare and introducing new laws, such as amendments to the ADA prescribing medical institu
Introduction Modern-day learning institutions have become more complex in terms of developing their educational facilities and infrastructure. Before, the school setting was restrained to having a physical class with chairs and tables. Most of the learning activities were undertaken in a classroom in front of the students, and assessment processes were conducted in class with paper and pen assessments. Considering that technology has advanced very fast and has impacted every facet of life, including learning, ICT should be incorporated into classrooms to enhance teaching and assessment practices. Particularly, for assessments, ICT can be used to support assessment processes in many ways. Technology can be used as an avenue for assessing, and grading the tests done by students utilizing automated grading software, and as a medium for undertaking assessment tests. This trend is seen as a new technique of gauging academic outcomes and is commonly called technology-based assessment. According to Pillai et al. (2021), the current developments in ICT are changing student assessments in a way that is forcing stakeholders in education to change the techniques, logic, and means of testing. Additionally, Pinchuk et al. (2019) state that using ICT to support classroom assessments is undertaken by transforming the traditional assessment methods into digital formats. For instance, computer-based surveys, quizzes, and testing can also be utilized in assessing high-order educational outcomes. This paper evaluates the concept of ICT-based assessments and their functions in education. It is believed that it can make assessments in classrooms more effective and beneficial in the future. Objectives   * To evaluate the impact of using ICT in assessing students on teachers and students   * To determine the negative and positive aspects of utilizing ICT-based assessments   * To provide recommendations based on the findings Research Questions   * What role does ICT play in enhancing student assessments?   * What are the teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards the use of ICT in classroom assessments?   * What are the factors that encourage the utilization of ICT in enhancing assessment processes? Literature Review Today, technology has become a medium for passing on knowledge in most nations. It has transformed societies in a way that has changed how people live, work, and think (Pinchuk et al., 2019). Education has not been left out in this transformation. Schools, which are obligated to prepare learners to live in today’s society, should consider integrating ICT into their programs… Integrating ICT in classrooms means using computer-based systems in everyday classroom instruction and assessment processes. Along with equipping students with the skills needed in today’s world, educators are considered key players in integrating ICT into their regular classrooms. That is because of the potential of ICT in delivering vigorous and positive learning and assessment environment (Fonseca et al., 2017). While the objective of integrating ICT in classroom assessments is to enhance the acce
Introduction A distinctive feature of modern American society is its differences in ethical, racial, class, gender, religion, and many other characteristics. Previously, racial and political inequality manifested itself in the form of violence against a person. Today, it does not happen so clearly; nevertheless, the problem of social inequality does exist. Tolerance and political correctness triumphed in the American media, theater, and cinema, and it would seem that the issues of inequality have been resolved (Hudson, 2016). However, the evidence shows that inequality is persistent, which is expressed in healthcare, employment, living conditions, and so on. For example, the share of the uninsured varies dramatically across races: 6.7% of whites, 7.5% of Asians, 11.1% of African Americans, and 16.2% of Hispanics were without health insurance in 2015. This racial gap worsened because of COVID-19 that caused more than 46,000 deaths of African-Americans, which is twice more than those among the White population (Fitzhugh et al., 2020). In addition, George Floyd’s murder by a police officer is a vivid example of political inequality. This paper aims to argue that despite the existing challenges, the American society can be racially and politically equal. Although the modern American society still suffers from racial and political inequality, it is possible to achieve justice by creating coalitions, ensuring accountability, and securing appropriate funding. The study of this issue is important to modern American politics as it directly reflects the problems and opportunities of racial and ethnic minorities. Based on the relevant literature, the paper focuses on the roles of the US government and community to promote equality. Furthermore, a potential contribution of businesses as powerful actors is discussed. The ways to achieve political and racial equality are summarized in the conclusion. Government and Community Roles In the US, race and politics are the two most common factors of inequality. Radical individualism, capitalism, and a lack of citizen participation deteriorate this problem (Hudson, 2016). African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans are among the key disadvantaged populations that have limited access to politics, healthcare, employment, education, and other social benefits. Various studies confirm that being white provides much more opportunities, while also preventing numerous challenges. In this case, McKinsey and Company research suggests that the government should adopt a new agenda of inclusive growth that implies advancing racial equity through the economy. Chui et al. (2021) state that the closure of the racial wealth gap would increas