ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Over the years, people have continued to suffer from broken body parts especially the bones owing to various reasons such as accidents. As a result of this, scientists and other professionals have worked hard to make sure that a device is invented that can detect such broken body parts. This is what led to the discovery of the x-ray machines that are now being used to identify such affected parts and hence proper medication. What additional informatics issues arise when going from two-dimensional to three-dimensional image processing? As technology keeps on improving, there is the need to match with it and therefore improve the quality of the machines being used in every sector involved. For example, in the image processing sector, scientists have continued to add other features that have become of great use in image processing. When moving from two-dimensional to three-dimensional image processing, the use of an area that is represented by pixels is not used, and instead, a voxel that represents the volume of the image is used. Hance (2006), points out that when we use this kind of format, storing such kinds of images in the computer becomes an easy task since it becomes easy and fast to convert such images into a digital form. This improves the handling of such images and is done with ease as for any other data. In addition to that, he notes that when using three-dimensional image processing, a doctor can see the image of a developing fetus unlike in the two-dimensional. What are the three-dimensional versions of two-dimensional image processing operations such as region growing and edge finding? A number of scholars have written about edge finding and one of them is Rosenfeld (2001). He points out that some of the versions include the moment based operator, facet model approach, as well as Canny’s Method. In addition to that, he argues that some of the three-dimension operators that have been categorized as belonging to the facet model, use the polynomial surface fitting. On the other hand, he points out that there is a three-dimension image processing that had been proposed by the Bomans that specialized in looking at the location of the surface only. In order to come to an accurate and correct image processing, an individual needs to have a comprehensive knowledge of these features. In addition, he argues that more and more research should be carried out in order to come up with an effective and efficient image processing machine. Conclusion Image processing is a very essential component of the modern-day world. This is informed by the fact that people have changed their lifestyles over time and as a result, we have seen them suffer from the so-called lifestyle-related illnesses. Some of these diseases cannot be treated unless their body is scanned using these machines. For instance, an illness such as a brain tumor requires a doctor to do a thorough examination of the patient before he or she can decide on the way of treating such a patient. To make this possible the government should make sure that more people are trained in this fiel
Outline There are various current discoveries that have occurred in the area of astronomy which are yet to be recorded in books that are currently in use. The new discoveries include several new planets which differ in their resemblance to the already recorded planets. However, a large number of the new discoveries are not fit for human habitation which is depicted by their abnormal environment. Among them are extrasolar planets as well as two others that are much like planet Saturn and planet Jupiter. Introduction Planets can be defined as bodies located in the outer space that assume round shapes and revolve around another heavenly body; the sun. Current studies have come up with the latest information about the planets which include discovery of other heavenly bodies that fit the description of planets. Among the new astronomical information is the discovery of additional planets that look like planet Saturn and planet Jupiter as well as the discovery of extrasolar planets. (Patrick, 2006) Discovery of Planets That Look Like Planet Saturn and Planet Jupiter Discovery of these new planets has been conducted by international scientists who pointed out the existence of new giant planets. Distance between the planets and their star is half that between the sun and Saturn together with Jupiter. However, distance between the new planets is similar to that between Saturn and planet Jupiter. This information was discovered in 2006 through the use of microlensing that has shown high rates of effectiveness in explorations of heavenly bodies. Scientists first realized the existence of these stars when a star moved past another star that is quite far from planet Earth. The star that had moved stayed in its new position for two weeks and during that period; it magnified light that came from the other star. In turn, these new planets received magnification from their star in a different manner. This exploration was made possible due to high level of sensitivity of gravitational microlensing to systems of planets which records solar systems’ analogs, except that of planet Mercury. These new planets resemble the already recoded in our books in a version of a lesser scale when the two versions are compared in terms of existing temperatures, separation ratio as well as mass ratio. However, the level of their resemblance to the already existing solar system is more than that portrayed by other systems. In fact; it has been argued that Earth can comfortably survive in it. This discovery was confirmed by Livermore researchers who ran codes of microlensing measurements in a more advanced supercomputer which allowed movements of those new planets to be calculated in lesser time. Calculations using the codes resulted in similar results that showed that new planets that looked more like planets Saturn and planet Jupiter existed. These codes were developed by David Bennett which greatly assisted in undertaking analysis. Success of the new discovery can also be attributed to eleven telescopes that were based in several countries among them being Tasmania, U.
Background of the Organization Brief history of the company Nokia Corporation is one of the most prosperous electronic firms in the world. This firm was started in 1865 by two Finnish scientists, Fredrik Idestam, and Leo Mechelin. These two individuals were business enthusiasts. They were interested in turning their skills in engineering into a large business unit. Fredrik Idestam was an astute engineer with a keen interest in ground pulp mill. This was the first line of business that this firm engaged in. Fredrik Idestam was a smart engineer who managed to develop systems that could make the company run with a lot of ease. On the other hand, Leo Mechelin was a statesman who was able to finance the company and bring on board individuals with the capacity of transforming the firm. Change within this organization was witnessed in those early years of its development. As the company developed, Idestam became the chairman of this company. Based on his experience and the connections he had both with the government and other non governmental institutions, Mechelin was convinced that the firm would make more profits if it ventured into the electricity industry. However, this move was strongly opposed by Idestam who was the chairman then. He did not understand the need to change the product line of the firm or diversify, while the current product was considerably profitable. Upon his retirement in 1896, Mechelin became the chairman of the firm. He was able to convince other members to consider diversification of the products by entering into the electricity industry. That was the first attempt that this firm made towards change. The expansion of this firm in those early years was basically due to conglomeration. In 1967, Nokia Corporation had expanded and had the capacity to sell its products outside the home country of Finland. The firm entered the electronic industry in the mid 1960s as a division of the electric department. This division expanded very first, and would later become the main department of this firm in the world market. Nokia developed its first cellular phone in 1981, which gained a lot of popularity in 1980s. This developed this industry, and currently, it is considered one of the leading electronic firms in the global market. Organizational context for change The world is changing, and with it comes a number of changes in the organizational setting. According to Adams (75), change is one of the factors that cannot be av
The most well known philosophers in the world are Plato and Aristotle. These two men developed some of the well known philosophical works that are in used today by various philosophers and scholars. Despite having similar thoughts and opinions on politics, their views contradicted with each other where Aristotle criticized Plato’s view on politics. The Republic is a Socrates dialogue that was written by Plato in 380BC dealing with the definition of justice and order in a city that was deemed to be just and with just people. The Republic has been viewed by many scholars to be Plato’s best known literary work as it incorporates intellectual and historical works based on ancient political theory and philosophy. Plato’s Republic however faced some sharp criticism from Aristotle wrote in his literary work known as Aristotle’s Politics written in eight books. This term paper will focus on Aristotle’s criticisms of Plato’s view on politics based on his Politics Book II. The original idea of politics stemmed from Socrates and it was then taken up by Plato in his anthology of the Republic where he based his views on the subject on moral knowledge and abstract reasoning rather than experience and concrete living. By developing different aspects of politics, Plato’s Republic became the most important Socratic dialogue that was ever written explaining the theory of politics. His writings dealt with the souls of human beings which were termed to be the levels where individuals made choices on what they wanted to become in future. The Republic described justice as the ultimate form of being human and the ideal that every human being should strive to achieve in life (Plato, 2009). Plato understood justice to encompass more than social virtues that dealt with the relationships between people. He viewed social virtues in justice as those that made it possible for people to build their own regimes whether social or political and achieve happiness after building these regimes. Plato’s Republic therefore became a political piece of literary work that dealt with the social virtues that individuals should have to achieve happiness and social contentment with their lives. Plato viewed politics in social regimes to be the attempt of an individual to restore order or disorder in their life. He stated that it was impossible for a person to restore order in their social life if they did not introduce the concept of order in their lives in the first place. People who lacked order could not be able to lead others effectively unless they led themselves first (Plato, 2009). Politics provided an individual with a way to express themselves based on t
DNA fingerprinting, also known as genetic fingerprinting or DNA profiling is a method used to identify a specific individual. DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid can be said to be that ingredient that makes a person’s entire genetic makeup. During a person’s lifespan this DNA substance does not change. Forensic scientists concur that a persons DNA is similar whether found in his skin tissue, sweat, bone, the root and shaft of hair, ear wax, mucus, urine, semen as well as vaginal or rectal cells among others. It is done in the understanding that it is rare to find two people with similar cell information (Bajpai, 1991). DNA fingerprinting is done through collecting a small sample of cells from biological evidential substances and comparing it to a DNA profile prepared from an individual. This can be done through various methods including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) as well as PCR analysis on DNA from the mitochondria of the cell among others. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) uses its ability to have the biological evidence broken down into million parts via a technique referred to as PCR amplification. This enables the DNA evidence to be amplified into small quantities (Bajpai, 1991). DNA fingerprinting is used to determine the parents of a person i.e. establish paternity. The technology is noted for its importance in identifying the parents of babies that are switched off during birth. This technology is also used as a method to identify the guilty and exonerating the innocent in criminal justice syste
It is rather complicated to describe the criminal justice process in the US because it is not consistent and differs in various locations. Still, it involves some general and common elements, which provides an opportunity to describe its peculiarities in total. All in all, they provide the governments with the opportunity to control crime and ensure a decent environment in the city, state, and country. This process is rather long-lasting, and it consists of several administrative procedures. They start with the commitment of a crime and its investigation and end with the defendant’s opportunity to appeal to the court.   * Investigation. It is the initial procedure maintained by the officials after the law was violated. It is held by the police that aim to gather all possible evidence that can help to define the suspect (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt para. 5).   * Arrest. Then one can be arrested and taken into custody if the reasonable link with the committed crime is found.   * Booking. The administrative record of this person is made to ensure that one is in the system and can be found if needed (Department of Government and Justice Studies para. 16).   * Prosecution. The prosecutor considers the case and defines whether the suspect should be charged or not.   * Initial appearance. When appearing before a judge for the first time, the suspect can be released because of the lack of evidence or sent further.   * Preliminary hearing. During this procedure, all information about the case is considered to determine if a trial can be warranted. The suspect may also dispute the charges at this stage. It can also be held in a form of a grand jury, depending on the state law peculiarities (National Center for Victims of Crime para. 17).   * Arraignment. The judge reads the defendant the indictment, and one tells whether he/she is guilty or not.   * Trial. Especially when the guilt is not admitted, a jury or a judge listens to the case and considers whether the suspect is really the one who has committed a crime. In this way, it is determined what should be done to the person: whether one deserves punishment or can be released.   * Sentencing. Being found guilty, the criminal is then sentenced by a judge. One can be put on probation, sent to prison or just made to pay a fine.   * Appeal. The convict has a right to appeal if one considers that the outcome of the case was reasonably wrong. One can refer to some failures in the trial procedure, etc.   * Punishment. Depending on the sentence, the convict can be released earlier or serve the complete term (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt para. 15). All these procedures of the criminal justice process are tightly connected and are always maintained in a particular order, which ensures that the outcome of the crime case is appropriate and reasonable. Of course, the initial step of investigation is extremely important, as it starts the whole process. Wit
Organizations contain personalities from diverse backgrounds. Indicatively, there are also multicultural combinations in most work environments. These disparities are critical in organizational culture. Organizations set their cultures to attain effective performance and success. All employees are expected to act in an appropriate manner. This is because uniformity in work culture and behavior is critical for efficiency (Hersen & Thomas, 2002). Apart from the expected work behavior, individual character and conduct is important. This is because it directly influences the level of work out put. It is vital for all team members within an organization to be in an appropriate mental state. Behavioral disparities amongst individuals are always noticed. These diversities negatively influence work processes. The human resource must note the disparities between normal and abnormal employee behaviuor. This might have a potential effect. For instance, it may increase the level of organizational performance. There are various methodologies applicable in determining the disparity between normal and abnormal behavior. There are very minimal notable differences. However, in determining them, the physical, psychological and cultural elements must be considered. Only fully operational personalities have the rationality to define a normal conduct. This definition is always depicted in their actions within the organization (Schultz & Rogers, 2010). In an organizational context, the abnormal persons are associated with non-compliance to rules. These categories of personalities do not follow organizational procedures or policies. On the other hand, the normal personalities have the rationality to follow regulations. They also adhere to the stipulated operational procedures. Apart from this, they are always highly motivated and dedicated to fulfill their career ambitions. Abnormally behaved persons depict a tendency for chaos, lack of initiative and ill motivation. A person with an abnormal behavior is likely to be stressed. They indicate signs of burnout and are more likely to engage in drug or substance abuse. Individuals who behave inappropriately depict emotional disturbance. Such behaviors are mostly irrational and deviant. They are also unique from the normal pattern of behavior and work processes required within the organization. Abnormal persons depict inimitable behaviors. Observably, such individuals frequently contravene basic organizational norms. These kinds of personalities have faulty reality perceptions. Their general outlook also communicates a lot. For instance, they appear to have some level of personal distress (WCA, n.d.). Generally, abnormal behaviors are maladaptive. It is also noteworthy to indicate that such behaviors are also self defeating. Other dangerous traits might be depicted in the behaviors of a deviant person. However, it is critical to observe that a lot of psychological as well as emotional issues influence behavior. Therefore, people sho
Introduction Developed and ratified by all United Nations (UN) member states, sustainable development goals (SDGs) were formulated to develop a prosperous future for all, by transforming the world through the accomplishment of 17 SDGs (Frey and MacNaughton, 2016). Primarily, they focus on the eradication of poverty, inequality and hunger (Kumi, 2019). Additionally, they are geared towards promoting innovation, good health, partnerships and peace by developing sustainable cities, promoting responsible consumption, improving climate action, advancing quality education, gender equality and increasing the availability of clean water, energy and decent work (Walker, Pekmezovic and Walker, 2019). To achieve these goals, member states need to take decisive actions to influence human behaviour and align them with the aforementioned goals. The importance of sustainability in promoting their achievement is outlined as the 12th SDG – promotion of sustainable consumption and production (Evans, Welch and Swaffield, 2017; Walker, Pekmezovic and Walker, 2019). Sustainable development and consumption emerged from the need to promote efficiency in resource and energy use around the world (Bauer, Watson and Gylling, 2018). This is particularly true for the food industry, which is critical in sustaining human pop
Robert Stevenson’s novella Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has long attracted the attention of many film-makers, painters, and writers. The idea that several personalities can co-exist in a human being can greatly appeal to many people who may want to explore it in their works. This is why many films, comic books, or novel contain a direct or indirect reference to this novella. Moreover, this literary work has often been parodied. This paper is aimed at discussing such a movie as Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde directed by David Price. The authors of this film do not focus on the moral duality of a person. Instead, they pay more attention to the idea that gender distinctions can often be artificially constructed ( Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde ). So, Stevenson’s work serves as a starting point for the movie, but the film-makers use it to express different ideas. First, it should be noted that the movie tells the story of a perfumer Richard Jack who is a descendent of Dr. Jekyll. The main protagonist takes interest in the work of his ancestor and studies his notes. However, to his amazement, the substance invented by Dr. Jekyll turns him into a woman who calls herself Helen ( Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde ). Later she starts a career where Richard works and wants to replace him as a perfumer ( Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde ). Certainly, this film relies on Stevenson’s novella, but the film-makers concentrate on how modern people perceive gender differences. In part, the film-makers want to explore some of the stereotypes popular in the modern society. For example, Richard Jacks wants to achieve success as the main perfumer of the company and become the owner of this business. Nevertheless, Helen’s intention to take over the company is perceived as vanity. So, the film-makers pay close attention to these stereotypes. Special attention should be paid to one of the scene at the beginning of the film. When, Richard concocts the substance created by his ancestor, he drinks it ( Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde ). The film-makers are able to portray his horror when he understands that his experiment leads to unexpected results ( Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde ). On the whole, it is possible to say that Stevenson’s work has been used in order to produce a comedic effect on the viewer. This scene completely contradicts the expectation