ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The United States is the world’s ultimate super power constituted by a diverse mix of different races. 13 percent of these constituents are pre-dominantly blacks. Even in this era, inequality and racism seem to be rampant in the country and in fact, capitalism seems to feed off these vices; as Malcolm X said, “You cannot have capitalism without racism”. The aftermath of the Katrina disaster exposed these ugly trends in the country after many blacks were displaced and seemed to be neglected. Statistics show that the black community has decreased in terms of population in New Orleans; once at 67 percent, now is at 58 percent. Louisiana Republican Congressman, Richard Baker said, “We finally cleaned up public housing in New Orleans. We couldn’t do it, but God did” referring to the displacement of poor black residents in New Orleans. Black youth seem to be the target of police harassment and imprisonment in addition to them being the most exploited and unemployed in the country. These inequalities have sparked social explosions as was evident in 1992 when there were riots in Los Angeles, a rich city having a large number of poor blacks. The past struggles which yielded the heroes of yesteryears have done little to improve the lives of many blacks who have not experienced any change. Black culture Black freedom struggle has taken many shapes over time, but during this period shaped what is commonly and popularly referred to as black (African-American) culture. The struggle has taken various steps since the slavery days when Africans were shipped into America. The march on Washington Campaign of 1940 is the earliest cited genesis of the struggle by “No Coward Soldiers” and subsequent struggles have taken the shape of bus boycotts (Montgomery 1955-56), freedom rides in 1960, Poor People’s March in 1968 and attempts at establishing a black political party in 1970. All these events exuded passion from the black community and have largely influenced black culture to this day. “No Coward Soldiers”, has traced the development of the modern freedom struggle and attributes it to the need by blacks to have a distinct culture that uniquely defines and influences them. In an attempt to understand the modern freedom struggle, this paper focuses on the black culture which has influenced the struggle and is influenced by the black community today. The genesis of the distinct African-American culture is the fight against white hegemony. This factor has probably singularly shaped most of what constitutes the black culture albeit not single handedly. The need to have a political structure that advocates the needs of the black community has also played a big part in the shaping of black culture. Politics and culture neither su
Vagina is the title of a book that was written by Naomi Wolf. The book has always sparked a lot of controversy since it was launched. In this book, the author talks about the relationship between the vagina and the brain. The book is a combination of scientific knowledge and cultural history. The author portrays the brain and vagina as a single network which is a fact that many people do not know about. The level of scientific knowledge depicted in the book is only familiar to top scientists. The book is meant to educate women about their anatomy and at the same time create a sense of consciousness (Wolf 25). Apart from the scientific research that the author conducted, the majority of expressions in the book are very personal. The author writes about the vagina in a very poetic manner which depicts her liberal mind. The stories in the book are inspired by the author’s personal experiences as a woman. According to Wolf, the horrific personal experience in her sexual life inspired her to research on the cause of her declining sexual sensation (26). This paper will highlight the most critical aspects in Vagina . The book is a cultural and historical journey with a mixture of the author’s personal experiences (Wolf 78). According to the author, her sexual sensation declined because a neural damage in her lower back. This complication led to a disconnection between her brain and the vagina where messages from the vagina could not reach the brain. Despite the disconnection, the author could still experience her orgasms from the clitoris after losing full-spectrum organisms (Wolf 102). This personal experience forced the author to seek for an expert’s opinion. The author discovered from an expert that women are different when it comes to sexual response (Wolf 102). This new discovery is what made her to be interested in finding out the relationship between the brain of a woman and her vagina (Wolf 123). The physiology of female sexuality is a topic that many people do not have the courage to talk about (Wolf 145). According to Wolf, there have been a lot of discoveries in this field that many people do not know about (145). Many women do not seem to understand the physiology of their sexuality and the author takes a personal initiative to educate them through her book. The author uses neurochemistry and neuroanatomy to describe a vagina in the introductory parts of the book. According to Wolf, the autonomic nervous systems determine the sexual sensation in a woman (146). There is a very strong relationship between the pelvis and the brain when it comes to sexual pleasure. The orgasm in women activates the brain to secrete oxytocin and dopamine which are responsible for sexual pleasure in women (Wolf 188). Wolf argues that many women around the world are not able to enjoy sex due to external factors (189). The author of this book personifies the vagina in order to emphasize it
Professionalism is a very important factor and it should be present in any professional worker. In this paper, the teaching profession has been discussed and the importance of professionalism in the teaching profession has been studied in detail. Moreover, the basic requirements which every professional teacher should have to include a code of conduct, a relationship with other staff members, skills for maintaining discipline in a classroom, and usage of the internet. Professionalism in Teachers Professionalism is very important in the education sector as it has a very deep impact on the role of a teacher, which in response influences the aptitude of students to learn successfully. A teacher’s professionalism can be defined as the talent to reach students substantially, increasing inventive approaches to motivate students, appealing, and stimulating immature minds to train them for growing technology (Hilferty, 2008). Code of conduct for teachers The code of conduct is designed by the school administrator, professional organization/union representatives, school board members, and parent/community members. They said that code of professional conduct for teachers has some requirements which include  1. Regular presence It means that teacher should be present at school, and he/she should act very seriously against the requirements for reporting absence from school.  1. Punctuality A teacher should be very punctual as it is one of the foremost requirements for the professional teacher, and she should also fulfill the number of lectures, lessons, and workshops, etc assigned to him/her for each class. The presence of teachers is mandatory in the assembly and at the end of the day or school timings.  1. Respectful It means that a teacher should have respect for all staff members, admin people, students, and parents within his/her heart. These consist of penal measures, an equal number of chances, anti-biased and anti-discriminatory policies.  1. Internet usage Nowadays, it has become a requirement for teachers to know how to operate and use the internet as it is required, as it is one of the basic requirements of educational bodies.  1. Positive behavior Teachers are the symbol of inspiration for students, so they should behave properly in the class and other than class timings. She should be kind towards all children and their parents, whenever she meets them in formal or informal settings.  1. Skills to actively listen and work on criticism and suggestions Sometimes teachers have to face harsh responses from parents, senior teachers, and other staff members in schools, but she should develop an aptitude to react very softly against such issues.  1. Should follow a proper standard of dress code Whenever a teacher enters into the school environment, she should keep this thing in mind that she is acting as a role model for students, and for that, she has to maintain a proper standard of dress code, which should be decent and reasonable for school settings.  1. Performing duties a
Executive Summary The global sportswear industry is becoming one of the most competitive industries in the world. One of the main companies that operate in the industry is the Adidas Group. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a strategic audit of the Adidas Group. The paper has taken a diversified approach of analysis; internal analysis and external analysis. Various models of analyses have been applied in the paper, and they include PEST and the Porter’s analysis. The analysis was aimed at capturing the strategies of the company and how they help it to adapt to the competitive forces in the industry. The findings from the analysis point out that Adidas is still competitive in the industry. The competitiveness has been enhanced through focus on the global approach of management. Introduction According to Slack (2004), the global sports industry is growing at a quick pace due to commercialization of sports. The number of sporting events has been rising each day, thus attracting more people directly and indirectly into the sporting industry. In the contemporary times, the sports industry has a wide number of stakeholders. The most critical question to ask is what the growth of the sporting industry implies for the business world. The growth of the global sporting industry has attracted many business players in the sporting industry by presenting the opportunity to supply the sporting infrastructure and equipment. There are a substantial number of companies that deal in the global sporting industry (Andreff & Szymanski 2005). Adidas is one of the companies that have operated in the global sporting industry for an extended period of time. The Adidas company is a Germany based multinational company that deals in the manufacturing and designing of sporting ware and equipment, which include balls, sporting uniforms and clothes, shoes, sports bags, footwear, watches, and eyewear among others. The company was founded in the year 1920. However, the main operations of the company can be traced from the year 1948, though there had been a lot of developments years back prior to the decision to open the company. The global headquarters of Adidas are in Herzogenaurach. Adidas acts as the main holding company for the Adidas group, which is comprised of Rockport, Reebok sportswear company and the Taylor-made Adidas golf company. The company is considered as the most dominant sportswear company in Germany and the entire Europe, while globally, Adidas is ranked as the second most competitive sportswear company. The company sells its products in over 200 countries across the globe. Though faced with competition from other companies in the world, Adidas has remained to be outstanding through the continued display of creativity in design and production of its products (Bajak 2010). External Analysis As men
Mental health is an integral part of health which serves as the foundation for the well-being and effective functioning for a person and society. However, nowadays, there are many people who experience anxiety, excessive emotional stress, and mental disorders. Postponing the visit to a doctor and ignoring the symptoms might have dramatic consequences for an individual. Therefore, effective public interventions should be elaborated in order to enhance mental health of society. In the given essay, programs which should be implemented on a local level for promoting emotional health are discussed. Although mental health problems can affect anyone at any time, they are not equally distributed, and their prevalence varies across social groups. Mental illness can be affected by a variety of psychological, biological, and social factors. It is generally believed that people with the high level of poverty, lack of education, and poor housing are at increased risk of mental diseases. Apart from that, people who have troubles at work and feel like they are often under pressure could also experience anxiety and stress. That is why a variety of social groups should be supported by a community in achieving good mental health. One may note that it is possible to intervene on the local level to improve the population’s mental health and educate people on how to adapt and maintain healthy lifestyles. Health promotion work should be done in collaboration with a community using program planning and implementation strategies. Firstly, a thorough study regarding the needs and resources of a community should be conducted. Secondly, a plan of action should be made and implemented. Evaluation of the final results is an important step in the further enhancement of the plan. Promotion and prevention programs are aimed at addressing the needs of different categories of population. In particular, there may be programs designed for mothers during pregnancy and the perinatal period in order to help women deal with postnatal depression and develop parenting skills. Regular visits of nurses and social workers could improve the child-parent attachment, promote breastfeeding, and prevent the low-intellectual development of infants. Children and teenagers might also be at risk of anxiety and depression. Therefore, it is possible to improve their self-esteem and communication skills through pro-social life in the school community. Teachers could also
Introduction A Global strategy is a single, cautiously crafted plan of action for a network of subsidiaries and branches comprising many different countries, simultaneously applied and leveraging synergies across these countries. The main benefit of a well-designed global strategy is that it helps the firms gain competitive advantage over its competitors when the strategy is implemented. Competitive advantage is in terms of economies of scale, efficiency and diversification that is a wider portfolio of investments. Global strategy has three main dimensions: co-ordination of activities of the multinational firm across different countries, standardization of the goods and services and finally the integration of the competitive moves of the multinational company across country markets. The above dimensions can be pursued simultaneously however; it does not mean that they have to be achieved at the highest degree. A firm can set a level for each of the dimension, which it wants to pursue. With the technological advancement in today’s business, arena multinational companies are better placed. The different subsidiaries can hold meetings making use of video conferencing that is laptops and mobile phones. Communication and information gathering process have been simplified for global partners. This promotes accuracy, timeliness and accessibility of information. The internet offers a better support system in that it provides an arena for market participation, marketing, development of competitive moves and quality products through information sharing. Firms face many challenges in the implementation of the global strategy. Different countries have different needs and cultural behaviour. They have different tastes and preferences hence it is hard to come up with a standardized product to be used globally. The complexity and dynamism of the business environment poses a problem when it comes to the integration of competitive moves to be undertaken by all the global partners in different markets. FEDEX’S Global Strategy FedEx is a multinational company, which was founded in 1971 by Frederick W. Smith, a former marine pilot in Vietnam. Frederick W. Smith saw an opportunity in the market and developed a vision. He did not see why the aircrafts should only be used to ferry passengers. In a term paper, he wrote while in Yale University for an economic class he said that a company that specializes in airfreight should look at other business prospects rather than concentrating on passenger services. He sourced for funds and in 1971, FedEx was incorporated. Today, FedEx is the world’s leading express shipping company. It was initially known as Federal Express
Introduction Like any other stage of learning, higher education involves a variety of teaching techniques and approaches that help students prepare themselves for their potential future professional environment. Case studies are one of these effective methods that bring professional realities closer to students’ perceptions allowing them to better their understanding of the topic and develop analytical capability. According to educational experts, it is “a form of qualitative descriptive research, the case study looks intensely at an individual or small participant pool, drawing conclusions only about that participant or group and only in that specific context” ( Definition and overview , n.d., para. 1). Student needs vary widely, as do teachers’ aims, and that is why there are several types of case studies, which will be briefly reviewed in this paper. Moreover, this work will also provide advice for a potential case study on the impact of food security in a country on its political and cultural aspects. Case Study Types in Higher Education The systematic educational approach has a long history, and educators and teachers have developed and identified many models of case studies during its existence. Educational professionals and students distinguish four conventional types of these, and each of them has its unique purpose. It can be said that the easiest ones are the illustrative ones as they involve researching only one or two events of interest so that a student gains a basic knowledge of the topic ( Types of case studies , n.d.). The second type is exploratory case studies; they are conducted before the main research segment to determine suitable future metrics and establish relevant research questions ( Types of case studies , n.d.). By doing cumulative case studies, students develop general thematic knowledge by gathering and structuring data from different but related sources ( Types of case studies , n.d.). Critical instance case studies are done to study unique phenomena or criticize and challenge popular and prevalent statements ( Types of case studies , n.d.). Students often resort to them to explore the causal relationship between two phenomena. The Relationship of Food Security, Politics, and Culture as a Topic for a Case Study The current world situation is rather tragic, but it provides many opportunities for students and professionals of social sciences to conduct case studies on global trends and their interconnections. The impact of a country’s food security on its culture and politics is one of the relevant themes. Experts note that “an increasing number of countries are facing growing levels of acute food insecurity, reversing years of development gains” ( Food security and COVID-19 , 2021, para. 1). It is not
Introduction Papua New Guinea is a country found in the south western part of the Pacific Ocean. Though a small country, New Guinea is diverse with a large number of indigenous languages and culture. The country is also majorly rural with only a small percentage of the population found in the country’s urban centers. AIDS, being a global epidemic, is an element that is felt in New Guinea. This paper seeks to discuss the topic of HIV/ AIDS in the country with respect to demography. Demography refers to elements of human population such as the number of registered births, income and diseases among others. The paper will look into the elements of the epidemic with respect to statistics that relates to demography. HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea New Guinea is not spared from the global epidemic that has threatened lives without any hope of a potential solution. Papua New Guinea has been slow to respond to the development of the diseases that was realized to be spread quite fast. Even though the disease was first noticed in the earlier years of the 1980s, it was news to the country of Papua New Guinea till in the year 1987 when the first case of AIDS was reported in the country. The spread of the disease also took a slower pace as years passed before the disease was significantly realized among the population of New Guinea. It actually took almost a decade before the country realized the spread of the disease (McBridge, 2005, 1). Quiet a number of reasons have been used to explain the trend in which the epidemic engulfed and grew in the country. One of
The most significant events in the story of how the plant survived because of its adoption of quality-based principles Firstly, the Preston Plant was able to make profits for the first time after a series of losses. The end of 1999 saw the firm register a loss of $2 million. The improvement mainly resulted from the cost cutting measures that had been employed. The measures included laying-off workers in all the departments. Secondly, HP noticed the positive changes that the firm had implemented. In essence, HP granted the company the go ahead to bid for new products. Thirdly, the adoption of principles that aimed at improving quality eventually influenced the owner of the firm to rescind the decision on shutting down. There were improvements in production and quality and the firm was no longer making losses. Equally, profits were being registered for the first time after two years of losses. The main benefits of bringing the plant’s processes under control The morale of the workers was eventually boosted as a result of integrating the new control measures. Workers realized that their efforts had eventually borne fruits and now they could work at sustaining production to achieve customer satisfaction. The workers were increasingly getting nervous because of the failure to produce as measures were being integrated to improve on quality. This was affecting the psychological stature of the workers because failure to operate also meant lack of business and lack of revenues from where their salaries could be drawn. Preston Plant eventually managed to improve on the quality standards of its production. These improvements meant that quality thinking among the workers and management was eventually being engrained in the organization’s culture. By so doing, Preston Plant was improving its chances of surviving in the business for longer and making huge profits because of its ability to attain the right standards as expected by its clients. It is this kind of corporate culture that influenced the managers of the company to work tirelessly towards salvaging the company. Their optimism had been nurtured by the ability to bring the company under control. Other strategic benefits of bringing the plant under control The creation of a new product portfolio was a strategic control for Preston Plant. Overreliance on a single product line was proving to be risky for the firm. It was the main reason the firm was struggling with prolonged losses. However, Preston Plant was cushioning itself from future risks by introducing new product lines such as Protowrap. Poor performance by a single product line would still allow the firm to rely on alternative product lines for survival. The other strategic benefit involved cutting down the firm’s operation costs. Preston Plant was saving a significant amount of its revenues that would have otherwise been spent on salaries and wages by reducing the workforce by 40 percent of its original size. This means more funds were available to sustain other crucial programs. The zero-based assessmen