ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Traditionally, Japanese heritage has been very vast, and the present-day Japanese Experience can be easily related to the Japanese history of the sixth century. Since the previous eras, a dominant position on the map of the globe has been received by Japan, and the sea has always contributed a lot to its borders. Very early traces of immigration have been observed in this country, and since the tenth century, utilization of a common language has been done by the Japanese populace. The abovementioned statements seem to convey the message that Japan is maybe a traditional country. However, some of the major innovations in terms of the development of art, literature, technology, etc. have been observed for several decades. One of the major attributes of Japan is that it has learned a lot from other parts of the world, as well as, implemented them within its boundaries. In this paper, the culture and innovative society of Japan has been evaluated by one of the leading authorities of Japan, Beasley, with the relation to traditional Japanese history. (Beasley, 1995). According to Coaldrake, “ancient rulers built their empires by constructing temples and places as well as by building armies and destroying enemies. Modern government is also preoccupied with modern architecture as an expression of civic responsibility as well as a tool for economic stimulus”. (Coaldrake, 1996). The sixth-century has been considered as a major twist in the religious, political, social, and cultural lives of the Japanese populace. One of the major causes of the abovementioned twists has been the commencement of Buddhism in the country, which was greatly influenced by the socialism from China. “Beasley believes that “by the eleventh century the Chinese element was waning and the country was entering a long and essentially “Japanese” feudal period–with two rulers, an emperor and a Shogun–which was to last until the nineteenth century”. (Beasley, 1995). In the year 1868, an emerging world power was introduced on the globe, and national wealth, cultural strength, and political potency were some of the major areas that were considered by the Japanese rulers by the arrival of the Meiji Restoration in the country. Subsequently, Japan kept on developing, and Japanese people were blessed with the wealth of wester
Introduction Culture has a big implication in health care provision. Generally, culture encompasses the beliefs, values, customs and traditions of a given community and it is not discriminatory on health practices either. Culture therefore determines the pre-disposure to certain diseases or beliefs about certain health practices. For instance, some communities have been known to decline certain health procedures on the ground of customary practices because it may bring bad luck or are not acceptable in a their culture. For this reason, it is important that health care practitioners understand the implications of culture on the health well being of individuals. This study will therefore explore the health implications of Korean culture on different health aspects like pain, taking medications, dietary restrictions and the likes. The Korean-American population is among the fastest growing race group in America’s Asian community because of the string of immigration in the 1800s and subsequent importation of laborers to the Hawaiian plantations in the 1900s. Koreans are now among the highest immigrant population in America (in the top five) together with other Asian immigrant groups like the Vietnamese, Chinese, Philippines and the likes (Shin, 2010). Considering the American health care patient group is largely constituted of the elderly above the age of 65, 4.4% of Korean-Americans fall within this age group. Interestingly, 91% of this population group are foreign born and the rest are seemingly naturalized. About 80% of them do not speak English and close to a half do not have proper education. Another 43%-48% live in poverty while a selected 1.4% or so live in nursing homes (Shin, 2010). On religious stratification, most Koreans are largely divided into Muslim or Buddhist groups (Kwon, 2001, p. 18). Most of their social education therefore takes place in either churches or temples. Group ties are therefore formed on these social grounds, with many people being accepted and developing a social identity on the same grounds. These statistics continue to rise by the day. This study will therefore analyze the culture of the Koreans with regards to its implications on health care. Patterns of Health Risk The Korean National Statistics Office identifies that Koreans in Korea have a number of health care problems which are unique to their population group and include circulatory diseases, cancer, endocrine diseases, dementia, respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal diseases (Shin, 2010). However, as Koreans move to other world regions like the US or Europe, they develop certain lifestyle diseases which can be stratified into three groups of low, moderate and high-risk groups. In the low risk group, obesity has been identified as a low risk condition because only about 8% of the population is identified to be suffering from it (Shin, 2010). In the moderate risk strata, alcohol abuse was identified to be prevalent especially among Koreans under the age of 40, with prevalence rates noted to be declining, as the respondents got older. For example, i
The peer review cycle consists of several necessary stages. The researcher comes up with an original idea and then starts looking for information to support the idea. The critical stage after the lit review is the actual research, collecting original data, making tests. The next stage is writing a manuscript. After the manuscript is ready, it should be sent to the editor who directs it to the peer reviewers. After the article is approved by the peer reviewers – it will be published. The editor’s role is to check the article’s contents. The article will be approved if it contains an original idea and is creative; the ideas of the article have to be put clearly for future readers. The editor determines what the journal will publish. The peer viewers are also called referees; they are independent experts. They will have to identify the article’s value and the accuracy of the research methods. Peer-reviewed articles must contain the author’s credentials and are published by academic sources. A peer-reviewed work in the field of social or natural science will contain an introduction, background and theory, methods of research and discussion; it will submit results and form a definite conclusion – all these points will be separated as sections (Evaluating Information Sources, 2013). Peer-reviewed works are written in academic style; they begin with an abstract and have a reference page in the end. Since peer-reviewed works are published for the professionals to read – they can be easily found on the websites of universities or scholarly libraries, in academic databases, such as EBSCO or ProQuest. The method of writing research papers called APA style is named this way because it was recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA) for writing papers in social sciences. The writers of articles in social sciences have to follow a list of instructions and standards. These particular standards were chosen because the APA style is based on two main requirements. The choices of tenses are based on the idea that the paper in social science is describing something that has already been stated as accurate. This is why past or present perfect tenses are used in the work’s citations. The other fundamental rule is putting the year of publication. It has to be mentioned together with the name of the source or the author that is being cited. The names of the authors and sources have to be put in the reference list. To dire
Businesses and corporations are a great network that involves people, many other businesses and organizations, banks, and financial investors. It is a mutually beneficial system between stakeholders and the company where people invest their resources for the present and future stability of that business. Stakeholders are one of the key elements in the corporate structure and as such, the division of roles and duties is crucial in guaranteeing the success of a company. IBM Company is a worldwide corporation, which bases its matters on technology and computers. It is more than 100 years old and it started as a statistical company. It used the help of the technology to do a population count, commonly called a census. Herman Hollerith was the one who started the company in 1889 (Pugh, 1995). As with many other companies’ stakeholders of IBM play an important role in the corporation. There are those stakeholders who are directly related to the matters of the company. These are called primary stakeholders. The role of such people is to deal with the resources of the immediately available company. As it is of primary importance to the company, primary stakeholders are internal financial “supporters” of the business of the corporation. They deal with customers, employees, banks and are directly responsible for the well-being of the company. They are the ones who decide where to invest the money, which products or services to buy or sell, and any other economic manipulations of the financial resources of the company. The secondary stakeholders are people how are not involved directly in the market. These can be in form of the general public or individuals, other businesses, activist groups or many others. Secondary stakeholders do not have a crucial influence on the company since they are more distanced from the immediate actions. Sometimes secondary stakeholders can become primary (Sharma, 2004). In the IBM Company, it is really important that the right strategy was chosen in the strategic planning. This will define the future of the company and so people who are most enthusiastic, motivated and practical should be selected. It would be the primary stakeholders’ duty to implement the planning process. These people have to know how to prioritize and select the route, which will be most profitable and beneficial for the company. The first step would be to focus on the goal and examine both internal and external factors that might influence these goals. Then a strategy best suited has to be selected and presented to other workers or management. And then the structured proposition for the implementation plan is selected. The people involved in the planning have to be knowledgeable of the company and its inner processes. Also, they have to be interested in the success o
Executive Summary Lack of access to water, and specifically to clean, safe drinking water is a problem in many parts of the world, causing wide-ranging problems for children, women, and communities. The proposed project involves face to face education, accompanied by distributing equipment to purify water, equipment to create sanitary human waste disposal facilities, sanitary supplies, and equipment to maintain contact with people who can provide ongoing support and continued hygiene instruction to keep the project operating properly. Families, teachers, and community leaders will be involved in learning about the importance of safe drinking water, hand-washing, and sanitary habits surrounding elimination. Community members will learn how to use soap, individual water purifiers, and help build and maintain waterless toilet facilities, with the support and help of UNICEF and the project team. Ongoing support, advice, and instructions will be provided to the community by the project team and health workers, via cell phone. The project has the potential to decrease illness and premature death from water-borne organisms among both children and adults, improve the potential for full participation by girls and women in the life of their community and nation, and offer the possibility of future jobs and increased economic potential. The measure of success will be the decreasing rates of morbidity and premature mortality among community residents, and the continued use of the equipment and supplies initially distributed. Context Water availability is naturally unevenly across the landscape, and historically, human beings have always settled preferentially near reliable sources of water. However, due to war and dislocation, economic pressure, and human action upon the landscape through livestock grazing, inappropriate waste disposal, or industrial activity, for example, people end up in areas that either never had water, or where the water quality has been compromised. Where people live in chronic poverty, this means that people may have to travel great distances to acquire water. They often also suffer the consequences daily of drinking water contaminated by human or animal waste. In areas of where development has not arrived, or in areas stricken by poverty, elimination often occurs in the bush. While this can contaminate groundwater and surface water, it is often the only option that people can manage. Building facilities with flush toilets requires not only the building and the toilet, which require major resources but the political and civil structures that would support the organization of a sewage system as well. Where children die young from disorders such as diarrhea, or other diseases associated with water borne organisms or fecal contamination, there is societal pressure to bear children frequently. This may be overwhelming, even if this is damaging to the mother’s health and the prospects of the children. Thus, the healthy survival of children into adulthood has a direct impact on both the children and their mothers.
According to recent research findings, it is likely that the flavors in a mother’s diet during pregnancy influences the dietary preferences of her infant after birth (Hepper, Wells, Dornan, & Lynch, 2013). Scientists from the Queen’s University of Belfast in Ireland and the Royal Jubilee Maternity Services in the UK made these findings. The researchers published the study in the Journal of Developmental Psychobiology. These findings assert that the human fetus can learn about its chemosensory surrounding. The fetus can then carry on certain behavioral characteristics, which might be evident at birth and during the early postnatal period. Thirty-three mothers and their children took part in the study. Sixteen mothers in the prenatal exposure group consumed three to four meals per week containing fresh garlic from the fourth week of gestation to the thirty-fifth week. The remaining seventeen mothers in the control group did not consume garlic during the same period. The children involved in the study were between eight and nine years old. The scientists gave the thirty-three children, two servings of potato gratin. The scientists added garlic flavor to one of the potato gratin servings. The children that were exposed to garlic during their prenatal stage consumed significantly more potato gratin with garlic flavor compared to their counterparts. This led to the conclusion that children with prenatal exposure to garlic recognize its flavor after birth. Therefore, the study suggests that the prenatal environment has the potential of triggering the chemosensory stimuli of fetuses. This can influence their dietary preferences well into infancy. This finding is consistent with suspicions held by healthcare providers concerning the effects of a mother’s diet on the dietary preferences of an infant after birth (Glenn, 2007). Previous research
Executive Summary Project management planning is always very important in ensuring that a given project is successful. When developing a project, it is important to have a detailed plan on how each activity will be carried out, the people who will be assigned various tasks, and the resources that will be needed. In this case, a small firm was planning for an information technology project that would enhance communication within the organization. When critically analyzed, this project has been planned for in a detailed manner with all relevant information clearly given. The organization carrying out the project has been defined, all the stakeholders involved stated, the timeline given and the needed budget drawn. Introduction Information technology has become very important for organizations in the current competitive world. According to Schwalbe (2010), firms have come to realize that the only way through which they can manage competition is to develop their information technology system. Communication is a key component in the business world. Success of a business unit will always be dependent on how well the management has established its communication system. There is always a need to communicate with customers, amongst employees, with the government, with the shareholders and other stakeholders within the firm. Each stakeholder needs specific information from the firm. The firm also needs information from these stakeholders. The only sure way of ensuring that this information flows freely is to develop information technology system within a firm. Technology has come out as a solution to many problems that firms are facing in their normal operations. It has proven to be the solution to the need to have proper communication. In this report, the researcher intends to give a detailed discussion of the activities that would take place in ensuring that the project is a success. When developing a plan for implementing a project involving information technology, care should always be taken to ensure that the plan is practically viable. It is not financially wise to commit financial resources to a project that is not viable. Levine (2002) also says that when developing such a project plan, care should be taken to ensure that it is easy to execute. When making a critique of a project management plan, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the project management plan, and have knowledge of other similar projects that can facilitate making of comparisons. This report will focus on detailed critique of a project management plan of a specific firm within the city of Sydney. Analysis of PMP Project management plan is very important in coming up with an appropriate project that would enable the project manager understand all the items that would be needed for the project to be successful in its execution. As the name suggests, a project management plan is actually a blueprint of the activities that should be carried out, the financing of the project and any other relevant information that would enable a project manager know all the steps and activities that should be carried out to make the project a success. The project
Background This case report presents sudden cardiac arrest, its potential etiology, the typical progression of the disease in an afflicted individual, clinical manifestation, and treatment for sudden cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a critical public health challenge, notwithstanding a striking decline in the age-adjusted risk factor of deaths because the aggregate cases of fatal SCA incidence in the US remain large. It is estimated that there are between 170,000 and 450,000 serious SCA cases every year, but a range of 300,000 to 370,000 is preferred (Patil, Halperin, & Becker, 2015). Additionally, SCA is responsible for about 50% of all deaths related to cardiovascular conditions, and about 50% of the SCAs reflect clinical indicators of a past undetected heart condition. Further, nearly 80% of SCA takes place outside hospitals, mainly in private homes or other living facilities (Patil et al., 2015). SCA is an abrupt cessation of cardiac functions associated with the collapse of the hemodynamic generally because of continued ventricular fibrillation (Lother, Beyersdorf, Osterhues, Bode, & Wengenmayer, 2016). The sudden cardiac arrest also leads to sudden cardiac death (SCD). These cases are common in patients with existing structural heart conditions, which might not have been earlier detected, especially coronary heart disease (Luong et al., 2016). It is referred to as sudden cardiac arrest or aborted sudden cardiac death if an intervention, such as defibrillation or natural reversion, has successfully restored the circulation. Multiple cardiac conditions that result in the development of the arrhythmia causing cardiac malfunction and sudden death are not clearly understood. It is difficult to identify both patients at risk for SCA and various factors that culminate to a fatal arrhythmia. Common classifications of electric mechanisms related to SCA are mainly bradyarrhythmia (nontachyarrhythmic) and tachyarrhythmia. Nontachyarrhythmic accounts for other related mechanisms, such as electromechanical dissociation (currently known as pulseless electric activity), asystole, extreme bradycardia, and other mechanisms, in most instances linked to noncardiac factors (Patil et al., 2015). The precise arrhythmia mechanisms of the cardiac function’s collapse in specific patients are always difficult to determine because, for many patients who experience sudden deaths, cardiac functions are not generally monitored during the period of the collapse. Consequently, the cardiac arrest mechanism may merely be inferred based on data gathered after an analysis has been conducted. Nonethele
Community contracting is a process whereby institutions or the NGOs purchase or undertake projects on behalf of the community. Community contracting takes a participative approach in the conducting of projects in the community. That is, the community is involved in the idea generation, planning process, implementation stage and the maintenance stage of the project. Community contracting aims at improving the quality of services provided and empowering the community members. Contracting of the community with the NGOs so far has been successful. NGOs focus is on a given location unlike the government, which has to focus on the country as a whole. Therefore, the NGOs efforts move towards developing the infrastructure of a given area. This is beneficial as it makes the performance evaluation of the contractors much easier. It also ensures the creation of accountability among the different stakeholders. That is, the chief is aware of the amount of money disbursed to the NGOs for the project. He can assess how far the project is further along and determine the amount of funds used. This creates transparency within the NGO and reduces the corruption level of the management. The community is in charge of managing the finances (De Silva, 12). NGOs do a lot of survey in the area. The society members provide the labor during the survey and from this survey; they get an opportunity to raise the issues that they would like the NGO to address. The survey gives the community member a say in the development of the community and they feel part of the NGO hence do not provide any resistance to change. The NGOs trains the society on leadership skills and management skills. It is cheaper when the locals provide the labor and the society trusts the contractors more when their members are part of the organization. Community ownership of the projects also creates sustainability of the projects. Involvement of the community members in the decision making process results to extensive solution development. The different members of the public have knowledge in various fields. When all that information is put together a concrete and effective solution will be developed (De Silva, 4). Even though the community contracting has so many successes, it has failed in certain aspects. It is unreasonable to allocate tasks to groups that do not have prior experience on a particular field. This results to poor judgment on what needs to be done and poor implementation of the project. As a result, there is an increase in wastage resource. Secondly, community contracting is community based and cannot be used to implement change on a nationwide basis as a result this pulls back development in that particular community. In reality community, contracting is not sustainable because of the man