ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Globalisation, immigration, race and ethnicity are of much importance to sociologists and non-sociologists in similar methods, however, the past geographical perspective for the play out of economic development has long been of concern to sociological researchers. Though, Vancouver B.C. has developed as the typical or quintessential example of the social process through which cities develop. It is an extended social group of a unique cultural and economic organisation in urban North America. Presently, through the progression of locally developed strategies, Vancouver has, with broad awareness presented itself as a form of modern city-making. Like the most realistic of dreams, the city is creating itself as a district beyond and different from the usual expected transformation of a modern society. Perhaps, constant phenomenal is in accordance with the current social theories of globalisation, immigration, as well as ethnic and gender development in the city. Vancouver B.C has propagated a number of myths about itself. These well established myths are accepted in the public mind. Nevertheless, it is a city of paradoxes. Critical analysis beyond the understandable and the reasons for Vancouver’s success seem more often to do with historical occurrence that might have been arranged even though it was an unplanned formulated realism. Contrary to plan and expectation, Vancouver’s precise state of separation in addition to the relative deficiency in political and economic authority has meant that it was avoided by the worst of North America urban renewal. However, freeways system of transportation using trains to move passengers or freight and underground pedestrian systems, large shopping centers, big-box retail, and super curved dead-end boulevards represent the traditional street network. Certainly, metropolitan Vancouver does have many of the symptoms of modern North American town planning, predominantly in its remote suburbs and bedroom communities where, in fact, the majority of its inhabitants live. On the other hand, there is a virtuous chain of sanitary around the large and densely populated urban area of Vancouver itself: almost no freeways break the rules of its municipal boundaries or violate the regular street grid and a sum of just two main shopping centers besmirches its environs (Millar 2006). There is a convinced irony in America cities looking upon Canada to consider what the United States taught the public about city building. In the case of Vancouver, both Shaughnessy Heights and the British Properties were urbanised through the giants of American town planning. Vancouver has been what newcomers want it to be, the perennial immigrants’ city of the migration. Yet it is the dream city that has seduced the imagination of emigrants and visitors alike. Objectives This research paper will discuss the role of one aspect of the phenomenon (Globalisation, immigration, race and ethnicity) in Vancouver, B. C. The paper will further explain the impact of geographical-regional inequality in addition to class polarisat
How the Constitution, Jurisdiction, and Corruption Lead to Law Enforcement Being Less Effective in the War on Drugs? It is considered that the Constitution and jurisdiction contribute to effective law enforcement. However, there are cases when the impact of the mentioned issues might be negative. For instance, the Constitution proposes no racial or religious profiling of both suspects and criminals. Although this is clearly stated in the document, the Metropolitan Police of Washington, DC might use violence and racial profiling by offenders. In particular, the case of Garner who was condemned in selling loose cigarettes and then attempted to be arrested with chokehold proves the violation of the Constitution (Natarajan, 2014). Also, jurisdiction sometimes causes inefficient law enforcement. The research shows that excessive force occurs from the Metropolitan Police resulting in unfair treatment of individuals. Therefore, there is a need for the creation and implementation of new federal and local laws that would ensure the appropriateness of police operations in the field of drug trafficking prevention. More to the point, racial profiling and ethnic treatment should be eliminated from everyday police performance. Speaking more precisely of jurisdiction impact upon law enforcement, it is essential to pinpoint that law enforcement officers do not possess the right to operate nationwide. In turn, it creates misconduct and misunderstanding due to several peculiarities existing in different geographical areas (Natarajan, 2014). However, as a rule, they can make warrantless arrests only within their jurisdiction. As an example, let us consider the Metropolitan Police that operates exclusively in DC. A drug dealer, let us say, escaping from investigation enters another state so that Metropolitan Police officers would not be able to arrest him or her directly. As a result, one might note the decreased effectiveness of law enforcement. Corruption existing in the modern system of policy undoubtedly affects drug trafficking law enforcement negatively. There is no reason to consider that drug-related corruption is specific differing from other forms of corruption. However, corruption is often linked with drug trafficking. Illegal drug markets are intricate, continuously changing, and very tenacious phenomenon. At that, traffickers can adapt quickly to changes resisting attempts made by the state to struggle with them. To derive an income from this illegal market, traffickers should have some degree of sophistication and organization. That is why a dominant position in such markets is usually taken by organized criminal communities. The most successful among them, as a rule, are those who can systematically erode the state control and law enforcement system, deliberately using violence and systematically resorting to bribery and intimidation. Thus, these bodies and mechanisms that are created to limit the illicit drug trade often diminish or lose their capacity due to corruption. In their turn,
Introduction The Olympic Games are one of the most popular sports events, which attracts millions of people around the world. For example, the Winter Olympic Games in 2018 received a viewership of 1.92 million people through different media channels (Billings et al. 536). The aim of this paper is to analyze what Olympic fans have in common. It is not only interesting from a sociological point of view but also has a practical implementation. Knowing the interests that Olympic fans share is of great value for marketers. They can use this knowledge to target their Olympic campaigns at the audience more effectively. The analysis shows that the viewers of the Olympic Games have common preferences in terms of social media use, food consumption, credit cards, and automobiles. Demographic Characteristics of Olympic Fans Not all people are equally interested in the Olympic Games. Data show that men are more inclined to become Olympic fans than women (GfK Mediamark Research & Intelligence [GfK MRI]). According to the survey conducted by the Center for the Digital Future, “35% of men and 32% of women” express a high level of interest in the Olympic Games (par. 2). As for the age, the sports event attracts older adults more than younger ones. Compared to the general population, people aged 18-24 are 19% less likely to be fans of the Olympic Games (GfK MRI). The event is not very popular among those aged 25-34 as well; people in this category are 6% less likely to enjoy the Olympics (GfK MRI). Thus, most of the Olympic fandom consists of individuals over 35 years old (GfK MRI). The Center for the Digital Future has found out that 41% of people aged 55-64 and 43% of those aged 65-74 like to watch the Olympics. Evidence shows that young people are underrepresented in the audience of the Olympic Games, which may be of concern for the organizers and marketers. Other demographic characteristics of the Olympic fans include ethnicity, income levels, and education. Among people with high interest in the Olympic Games, 73.3% are white, 13.6% are African Americans, almost 16% are Hispanics, and 4.2% are Asian (GfK MRI). The survey of the Center for the Digital Future showed a different percentage, but the proportion of the mentioned ethnicities among fans was similar. Further, individuals with high incomes are more likely to watch and follow the Olympics (Center for the Digital Future). People with higher levels of education also tend to be more interested in the event than their less-educated counterparts (Center for the Digital Future). Perhaps, the ethnicity of Olympic athletes and viewers’ possibility of watching the competition influence people’s interest in the event. Social Media Use Identifying social media preferences of Olympic fans is of great value for marketers because social networks have become an important platform for marketing campaigns. Data show that the most popular social media among Olympic fans is Twitter; it is 9% more widesp
Baby boomers are the people who were born and grew during the period between 1946 and 1965. This period is also known as post world war era, and was characterized by economic, social and political transformations. A key feature of this period was a total departure from the old ways of thinking, in which countries of the world were guided by the old philosophy of competition in various spheres of live. This philosophy is believed to have precipitated the world wars due to the competition between the superpowers in trying to outwit each other as they fought for the supremacy in the world (Green, 2006). After the world wars, Nations of the world so the need of embracing unity of purpose and cooperation instead of competition. This saw the formation of international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and United Nations affiliated institutions which were aimed at ensuring that people of the world relate with each other as friends but not as enemies. This was to be achieved through the abolishment of trade tariffs and the laws which were inhibiting the movement of people from one country to the other (Light, 2002). This cooperation between States and Nations of the world led to the emergence of a new generation of people who were more willing to coexist with each other irrespective of their cultural backgrounds. What followed was economic development in many Nations of the world thus creating a lot of wealth. The people who were born and grew at this time are believed to be different from other cohorts in the world because they were born and brought up during times of affluence. They got the best education, training and were the most exposed to the different cultures of the world (Green, 2006). They are also considered to have been different in terms of thinking. They actually disregarded the old idea of perceiving people from other countries as rivals by being open minded, which led to cross cultural intermarriages as well as dual citizenships. A good example to illustrate this is the United States, which is inhabited by people of various cultural backgrounds. Due to creation of massive wealth, the population of the world is also believed to have increased due to improved health care and education (Green, 2006). Most of the people who were born during this time therefore have a lot of wealth and are as well among the most educated in the world. Taking the example of Canada, this group of people comprise one third of Canada’s total population and is believed to control over 55% of Canada’s disposable income. Due to their massive wealth, the baby boomers have created many opportunities for doing business in various sectors like heath care, security and leisure. Many investors all over the world are now targeting ventures which provide services which are relevant to this category of people more than any other category (Green, 2006). In Canada for example, two former North American dancing champions Beverly and
It is true that language has an impeccable imprint on one’s mind. However, the question is how far the extent of this influence is. In addition, linguistic experts are trying to unravel the extent of a language’s influence on an individual’s thinking process. “Does Your Language Shape How You Think” is an article by Guy Deutscher that was first published in the New York Time’s online forum. The article explores how languages influence the mode of thinking in their speakers. Deutscher begins his article by restating Benjamin Lee Whorf’s claims. Whorf was of the opinion that different languages created various realities for their speakers. Whorf’s theory found relative success during its early days but later on, it was widely discredited for lack of evidence. Deutscher focuses on Whorf’s notion that “our mother tongue restricts what we are able to think” (Whorf 21). Deutscher who is an honorary research fellow at the University of Manchester revisits Whorf’s research and offers useful insights by providing current research on the subject. The article explores linguistic research from various standpoints including gender, time, color perception, and spatial perception. Deutscher’s paper points out the inconsistencies in Whorf’s claims and hypothesizes that language merely influences the mind but it does not shape it. According to Deutscher, our mother tongues impact the mind “not because of what our language allows us to think but rather because of what it habitually obliges us to think about” (Deutscher 1). Deutscher makes strong arguments to support his position and succeeds in disputing the theory and notion that our mother tongues are prisons that inhibit our ability to reason. This paper is an argument in support of some of Deutscher’s claims that our mother tongue is not a prison house that constrains our capacity to reason. Guy Deutscher is a renowned linguist who has made considerable contributions to the study of languages and cultures. Some of Deutscher’s other academic contributions include his research on Akkadian, a language that was spoken in Assyria and ancient Babylon. On the other hand, Deutscher’s main proponent (Whorf) is a pioneer anthropological linguist who had little or no research to build to build on. Deutscher holds Whorf’s work in the same capacity as that of a modern linguist although the latter’s research premiered in 1940. There is no excuse for unsubstantiated work in research; the contributions of a pioneer linguist are just as important as of those who come after him/her. Deutscher forwards several claims when nullifying Whorf’s work. For instance, the author notes that “Whorf’s theory crash-landed on hard facts and solid common sense, when it transpired that there had never actually been any evidence to support his fantastic claims…. for decades, any attempts to explore the influence of the mother tongue on our thoughts were relegated to the loony fringes of disrepute” (Deutscher 1). However, a careful examination of
Since time memorial, equality has always been an issue of contention between men and women. Gender differentiations form the main basis that societies use in determining roles it assigns each individual, with little considerations on individuals’ capabilities. Although some individuals can argue that, globalization and civilization have brought many tidings as far as gender-based roles assignment is concerned, still some societies embrace their cultures and always fight to ensure every societal member respects them. However, it is also necessary to note that, because some cultural practices imprisons individual’s potentials, in the recent past many movements have emerged that oppose the articulation of this gender based roles. The main aim of these movements is to ensure equality prevails in the society, whereby respect to all individual rights forms the main basis of assigning chores. In the past, societies accorded men power to rule women; hence, women were to bow down to their orders and never question anything men said. In addition, in most patriarchal societies, men were the sole breadwinners of homes, hence women had to stay home and tend to home chores until their men returned. Of recent, these and many other societal practices have undergone many transformations, a fact that societies attribute to educational advancement of both men and women (Wood pp. 4-7). This paper will discuss concepts of feminism in the present societies. Feminism Nowadays equality rules all sectors of life, right from home chores to office chores. This is because, in the present society women have equal access to what men can access in terms of jobs, finances, education, and other rights. Although women are achieving a lot as concerns societies’ valuing them and their achievements, still they face more challenges primarily because, as they struggle to ensure men honor their rights, other societal factors such as racism and family issues are pulling behind their efforts. To fights and eliminate such impediments hence, grant women equal societal rights, the concept of feminism emerged, leading to the continuous struggle by women to receive recognition in all aspects of life. Feminism primarily aims to achieve equality between men and women in the society. That is, considering the diversified nature of present communities, many movements have emerged that fight for recognition of women efforts not only socially, but also politically and econ
Introduction In the recent past, there has been an unprecedented easing of monetary and fiscal policies in many countries. This has raised widespread concerns that the policies may plunge the world economy into a period of hyperinflation. Already in Saudi Arabia, inflation has been rising. This has been attributed to the government’s recent expansion of fiscal lending, which makes a rise in inflation inevitable. The main factors that drive Saudi’s inflation include food prices, high inflation in trading partner’s economies, and a rise in domestic rent. Methodology In the eighties and nineties, inflation in Saudi Arabia was maintained at a low of 1%. However, since 2003, the inflation rate has risen rapidly and by 2008, it exceeded 11%: a phenomenon that has negatively affected the citizens (Mehran, 2009, p. 3). Although the World financial crisis resulted to a temporary decline in the inflation rate, it again started rising since 2010. This paper, using the quarterly data from 1980 to 2010, examines the causes behind the inflation in Saudi, its effects, and the effectiveness of the counter-strategies and policies the Saudi government has put in place to curb the rising inflation. The paper will also investigate the solutions provided to the problem of runaway inflation and give recommendations on the same. The paper utilizes a methodology that incorporates both foreign and domestic factors that affect the inflation rate in the Saudi context. It will examine the external factors as a source of inflation in Saudi, given the open trade nature of the Saudi economy characterized by oil exports and importation of consumer goods from overseas. The rise in the prices globally will be examined alongside the Saudi domestic prices. Given Saudi’s dependence on exports, fluctuation in the value of the US dollar is a fundamental determinant of the rate of inflation in Saudi both in the short-term and long-term. Additionally, the rise in the domestic demand fuelled by the sharp increase in oil prices has also accelerated the rate of inflation in Saudi Arabia. By focusing on each factor in turn, this paper aims to find the correlation between inflation in Saudi’s trading partners (OECD countries) and the domestic inflation rate. The paper will also undertake a food price outlook in the wake of rising inflation rate and its effects on Saudi staples such as rice and wheat. What is Inflation? Inflation is a common term in economic circles, but its meaning is often misconstrued. Inflation, in simple terms, refers to a continuous increase in prices of goods and services in an economy (Dhakal, & Kandil, 1993, p. 414). More specifically, inflation refers to the continuous increase in prices as measured by consumer indices like the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or a price deflator such as that used for the determination of Gross National Product (GNP) (Juselius, 1992, p. 401). Inflation can also be described as the loose of the purchasing power of a coun
Sonoko’s Strategic Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Sonoko is a well established firm that has been operational for a considerable period. The success of the company in terms of profits in early years has seen it develop a strong corporate tradition and culture. The success of the HR function and management in the past years when the company was performing well can still be emulated and practiced in the future to replicate the positive performance. With the decentralization of the firm’s HR function, Sonoko has a substantial number of HR experts within its ranks who help in managing and running the firm’s numerous HR divisions. These experts can collectively be of importance to the firm, particularly when seeking to harmonize and consolidate the firm’s HR function. Support of SHRM initiative SHRM insists on the pursuance of a corporate culture that aligns with the organizational objectives. Thus, SHRM will help in instilling a culture that sustains the productive past amongst Sonoco workers. Equally, it will establish new and emerging trends that can be incorporated into the corporate culture, and which help in implementing the firm’s objective. SHRM will enable the firm to effectively plan and handle its internal HR needs. Different divisions may require different HR attention, but which is harmonized from a corporate point of view. This will help in eliminating instances where workers in one department feel neglected because of the way their colleagues in a different department are treated. Weaknesses The decentralized HR function at the company was a big weakness for Sonoko. Although decentralization is a positive move that can benefit the company if it is well managed, the whole idea was misconstrued at Sonoko. The divisions established their own HR functions and treated each other in a suspicious manner. The HR functions were competing against each other, instead of cooperating towards the attainment of a common goal. HR was looked at as a back-room operation that only helped in protecting the front line operations. The HR operations are also too complex, inefficient, and costly. The presence of divisional HR functions has made the operations of the entire HR function to be compounded. In essence, the HR function is largely ineffective. The ineffectiveness, on the other hand, has contributed to high expenses for the company. For instance, there is lack of leadership continuity as promoted staff members fail to deliver on their management roles. This means that the company has to hire from outside to acquire new leaders, which is a comparatively expensive exercise altogether. How SHRM can address the issues SHRM will change the perspective of the HRM function at Sonoko. It will aim at unifying the objective of all the divisional HR functions into a common corporate objective