ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The ability to reflect effective leadership in an organization stems from understanding employees’ and clients’ needs, designing acceptable vision as well as challenging status quo. When the aforementioned procedures are well executed, leadership in any given organization will have added since existing culture that may be obsolete as well will be redefined. As a matter of fact, a leader ought to have acceptable attributes as well as characteristics that emanate from deep within. Boyd (2011) points out that leadership remains as one of the most remarkable models that strongly bring about positive and coherent organizational change through moderation of organizational operations, motivation strategies and creation of best working environment to achieve organizational goals. Therefore, an effective leadership should remain outstanding in driving an organization towards change and linking its operations to long-term objectives. This paper is a deep analysis of Bill Marriott Junior leadership. The main focus of the paper is to explore his effective leadership in the hospitality industry. Besides, the paper exemplifies the need for effective vision, charisma, focus and continued motivation of employees in an organization for the sole purpose of improved performance. A brief overview of Bill Marriott Jr. Bill Marriott Jr. can be described as one of the greatest leaders of this time in the hospitality industry because of his ability to influence change, encourage efficiency and effectiveness in business operations and also for his exceptional leadership skills. Since the passing away of his father back in 1985, Marriott Jr. has taken active charge of the operations of the entire Marriott Company. For instance, he has successfully managed the operations of this prominent and well established hotel chain in the world. Palierse (2011) posits that Marriott has managed to innovate and improve his father’s business empire which largely dealt with family restaurants and fast-food outlets. Currently, the business chain deals with provision of large scale contracts in hospitality industry. This business organization operates well established accommodation and lodging services. Besides, he increased competencies in the areas of operation to boost performance. His success in business has been attributed to the manner in which he attends to details such as research and collection of information, provision of clean and high quality products and services, and the logical manner through which his tasks and services are performed. As the hospitality industry is growing in terms of complexity in operations and also becoming more competitive, businesses in this industry are also in dire need of improving their services and overall performance in order to remain relevant in the market. For example, there are myriad of strategies that are being put in place so as to remain relevant in this highly dynamic and competitive industry. Some of these strategies include incorporating speed in decision making, increasing the flow of information in and out of the industry environment and also offering mobility and value to all of its workers. Hence, a deep u
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a heat illness that results from either exposure to very high environmental temperature or intense exercise. Although it may not be categorized as the top causes of fatalities among athletes, it is one of the causes of sudden death. I choose to discuss it because of its capacity to cause sudden death. Besides, athletic trainers seem to ignore it, despite its link with several deaths. Physical injuries that are likely to lead to death such as concussions have been prioritized, with necessary measures being taken to prevent them. Nevertheless, awareness about EHS is not well spread. Scores of athletes have collapsed on the field during practice or matches, particularly in hot and humid weather or when dressed in heavy training gear. EHS is fatal. Therefore, it should be studied in depth, from its causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. This would in turn reduce sudden death in sports such as football as noted by Casa et al. (104). The main issues/causes of sudden death within this particular condition Heat stroke kills within a very short time. When one collapses, it is advisable for the clinician to immerse him or her in ice-cold water. The earlier the immersion takes place, the higher the chances of survival. When immersion is not an option, the patient should be wrapped in cold towels on as much body surface as possible. This plan helps in lessening the body temperature to about 38.9 degrees. EHS patients may die out of an array of causes. Generally though, deaths result from the shutting down or destruction of vital body organs. When the thermoregulatory system is overwhelmed, there is accumulation of unnecessary heat in the body. The heat leads to the malfunctioning of the Central Nervous System, which is manifested in the symptoms of EHS. If the reduction of body temperature is not done immediately after collapsing, it is less likely for patients to survive, even when they make it to hospital. A delay in the reduction of body temperature increases the severity of damage in the body organs (Casa et al. 104). What to look out for as an athletic trainer According to the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, it is vital for an athletic trainer to recognize the symptoms of EHS (par.1). Some of the indications to watch out for among athletes include diarrhea, muscle cramps, altered consciousness, headache, dizziness, biliousness, confusion,emotional instability, collapse, profuse sweating, weakness, dehydration, irritability, irrational behavior, and rectal temperature above 40 degrees. These symptoms are most likely to occur if it is hot and humid, if the athlete is in poor physical shape, or if the athlete’s is in training equipment for first day. When the symptoms are recognized, the athlete should remove all excess clothing and be immersed in ice water for about 30 minutes. If such facilities are not available, the athlete should move to a shade, take a cold shower, and cover maximum body area with cold wet towels. Proper breathing and air circulation should be
Background Information HCA East Florida Division (HCA EFD) is a part of Health Corp. of America, which is for-profit company (HCA East Florida, 2015). This division has 13 hospitals and covers several areas from Fort Pierce to Miami Florida. The HCA’s origin can be traced back to 1960s through the works of Dr. Thomas Frist Sr. and other physicians in Nashville, Tennessee where they constructed the first hospital. Over the past four decades, physicians and nurses have worked to transform the hospital to HCA –Hospital Corporation of America.HCA is America’s leading provider of quality healthcare services. It has local facilities with nearly 191 hospitals and 82 outpatient surgery centers in 23 states and England (HCA East Florida, 2015). A Clear Vision HCA’s corporate mission and values statement says it best: “Above all else, we are committed to the care and improvement of human life. In recognition of this commitment, we strive to deliver high quality, cost effective healthcare in the communities we serve” (HCA East Florida, 2015). The health care industry and hospital environments continue to undergo significant changes. For instance, the Hospital in Dallas played an important role in putting a spotlight on the issues of communicating First Point of Contact between the nurses and Physicians. In the current society in which there has been an emergence of deadly diseases such as Ebola, the hospitals are extremely important in ensuring that the lives of the Americans are protected. Ebola is a clear case of a disease that does not only pose a threat to the affected person, but also to the medical staff and any other person who may have a direct bodily contact with the patient. This new delicate situation has complicated issues at many health care centers in the country. At the emergency department in the Dallas Hospital, the staff had to deal with these issues. The emergency department nurses have to coordinate closely with the emergency department physicians to ensure that patient management is done in an efficient and effective manner. It is appropriate that in the modern society where technology has become a defining feature in communication that the management of HCA EFD has adopted emerging technologies in its communication system to help address the first point of contact communication. There is a notable confusion at the Dallas Hospital Emergency Department with the communication from its Triage Nurses to the ED Physicians. HCA EFD needs to improve, train and review its Electronic health records to improve communication. It needs to ensure that all First Point of Contact information is clearly communicated. The HCA has thrived on leadership. It boasts of leadership as a benchmark for quality among its employees. These include physicians, volunteers, nurses, technicians and office clerks among others. HCA East Florida Division recognizes individual contributions in communities it se
Digital information has become a desirable target by numerous kinds of digital threats such as computer viruses, theft, human intrusion, and worms among others. The most vulnerable digital information include music, photography of artworks, movies, and motion pictures. Exposure or destruction of such information may lead to economic, political, psychological or privacy losses. Some digital information attacks may be malicious with no specific motive. To mitigate such losses, several controls such as CIA Controls, DRM, and Copyright laws have been enforced. CIA Triad Controls Three things that are of optimal importance when considering computer security systems are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. These factors are commonly known as the CIA triad. Hoffman and Zahadat (2018) note that a major advantage of using CIA triad controls in an organization is that it forms a core foundation in the development of an organization’s security systems. Therefore, an organization can customize the systems according to their needs. For instance, in a healthcare facility, data availability is prioritized while in a financial institution such as a bank, integrity is emphasized. However, there could be a trade-off when prioritizing one security principle over the others leading to data security being compromised. Digital Rights Management (DRM) Digital Rights Management (DRM) is a technique of protecting digital information through the application of technologies that prohibit copying and usage of protected properties and works. DRM allows digital information owners to control the rights that paying users to have when using their works. In organizations, DRM regulates unauthorized access of users to limit them from particular rights which prevents illegal issues (Ma et al., 2018). However, there are several challenges associated with the use of DRM for cyber security. For instance, controlled rights prevent iTunes users to listen to music on any device they wish or use it in any other form or purpose. High profile businesses may also engage in unfair competition by paying a significant amount of money to DRM who hides a high-value report from other small businesses. The largest disadvantage of the use of DRM codes is that users can use decryption tools that are readily available online to gain access to digitally protected material. Copyrights Law Copyrights are policies that protect original published and unpublished works of authorship. The protected work has to be placed in a medium of expression that is tangible. According to Platz (2019), copyright laws are beneficial to producers of digital content since they are provided exclusive economic rights of their work. The law also prevents the production and reproduction of an
An American teenager who is eighteen years old is allowed to do several things, such as vote, join the military, and get married; however, drinking is not allowed until he or she is twenty-one years old. The officially permitted drinking age in the U.S. was raised from eighteen to twenty-one in 1988 due to the National Minimum Age Drinking Act that had been signed into law four years earlier by President Ronald Reagan. The main reason was maturity; that is, at eighteen one is not mature enough to drink responsibly (Kiesbye, 2). However, I agree with the verdict of the group of university and college presidents that the drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. Opponents of lowering the legal drinking age usually refer to the dangers of binge drinking. They say that the practice is increasing and that any person who is below eighteen is simply not responsible enough to have an alcoholic beverage. This type of drinking most of the time occurs in the underground and hidden places where the teenagers cannot be discovered. However, although binge drinking is a problem in America, the root cause is the high drinking age that our lawmakers have instituted ignoring certain realities. Let us face the reality: if a person wants to drink, he or she will definitely find a way to do that. And since legal adults (those over eighteen) are unable to get hold of alcohol themselves, they will inevitably go to hidden places and drink excessively without any supervision or guidance. When the drinking age is lowered, teenagers can drink responsibly without having to hide themselves. Therefore, “the current limit ignores the reality of drinking during college years and drives it underground, making binge drinking more dangerous and students less likely to seek help in an emergency” (Gordon and Holland, para. 2). I think it is of essence to question this law: why is it that the age of twenty-one is the “magical’ age that a person is considered as intelligent and mature enough to drink alcohol? Truly, some adults consume alcohol irresponsibly. On the other hand, some young people are able to drink responsibly. At eighteen, Americans are regarded as adults. It may seem odd to allow those above eighteen years to marry, drive their own cars, and do other sorts of things, and yet to be prevented by the same law from taking a glass of wine in a café or even a glass of champagne at their own wedding party. I feel that it does not make sense to have a limit that is higher than the legally recognized age of maturity. Young people look at alcoholic beverages as something exciting (Bishop, 19). They consider it an activity preserved for the adults; however, young people want to be adults As Soon As Possible. Therefore, as is the case in most institutions, they usually carry
Introduction The creation of a team based work system is often regarded as the key aim of the entire HRM strategy, as team based system is the type of relations within the company, based on the necessity to focus on the solution of the challenges and meeting of the demands, faced by the company. Originally, team-based work system presupposes that the teams are self-managed, and these teams are self-learning. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical evaluation of the team-based working system and analyze all the possible advantages and disadvantages of this organizational structure. Overview Originally, it is stated in Adler and Cole (85) that the world business practices end to develop and expand constantly, thus, the executive teams of business organizations choose the ways of self-management and increase their learning capacities. The fact is that, these are the key principles of team based working system. The actual aim of the team-based system is the maximization of the corporate ability to cooperate effectively, and the actual cooperation appears within the company when the team needs the executive experience of various natures, the creation of experience synergies is of high priority, and the company needs to create the supportive environment within the working place. It presupposes that the team does not spend time and effort for communication with management, nevertheless, these efforts are aimed at self-development from the perspectives of personal and collective professional growth. It should be particularly emphasized that the growing competition makes companies develop their managerial practices, including HRM strategy. Thus, the team-based performance, in distinction with the properly structured managerial system is featured with the following aspects:   * The increased opportunities in the matters of managerial and executive capacities, as the team-based system requires the increased levels of self-motivation and responsibility   * Flat organizational structure and decentralized decision-making process. Originally, this allows companies to simplify the communicational structure, and avoid possible miscommunication between managers and employees.   * The natural structure for job rotation, training, and activities associated with problem-solving provides the opportunity to refuse from the hierarchical monitoring and lessen the possible control activities. (Geary and Dobbins, 15) Nevertheless, the entire character of the team-based working system depends on the cultural particularities of the company. Thus, in accordance with the research by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Working and living conditions (2), it should be emphasized that various researchers provide various explanations of cultural differences, and often emphasize various differences. Nevertheless, the actual features may be defined only by analyzing the particular organization. Nevertheless, independently of cultural differences, a team-based system helps the company to improve the entire workplace organization. System Analysis The systematic approach towards arranging the team-based o
Introduction Analyzing the literary text, the readers and the critics often pay attention to the context in which the text was written, the background, and certainly the content of the text. On the other hand, the principles of new criticism do not consider such factors, limiting the area of analysis to the text itself, i.e. the verbal meaning of the words, the language, the structure, and the way the aforementioned elements were used by the author, so the reader can have only one correct interpretation of the text. As an example of the application of these principles, this paper analyzes a short story “A Worn Path” by Eudora Welty. In the short story “A Worn Path” by Eudora Welty, the author tells the story of a regular journey of an old woman to the town, showing the obstacles put in her way, either by age or environment and the way she overcomes them. This paper states that the text of the story was used to emphasize the theme of death for the main protagonist, and the way she reacted to them. In that regard, it can be stated that the story extensively used foreshadowing, symbols, and images to portray a picture of survival against all odds, irrespective of context, prejudice, or background. Analysis The main themes shown in the short story can be seen related to death. In that regard, even the selection of the name of the protagonist, which is Phoenix, can represent the process of revival and resurrection. At the same time, despite the constant use of symbols and figures of speech that are related to the aforementioned themes, the structure and the wording in the text can also create a sense of duality. This duality shows that despite the obstacles in the path of Phoenix and the death being close, there is also a sense of regularity in all the story’s actions, which can show her qualities in facing the obstacles in her path. The symbols that predict the death in the story are many, where some of them are direct, while others are indirect. The direct indication of death can be seen in the reflection of Phoenix’s age on her body in such sentences as “moving a little from side to side”; “numberless branching wrinkles” and others (Welty 142). Other indirect forms of speech in the text predicting death can be seen through the use of symbols that represent the death in her path. The examples of death include mentioning the grave in “This made a grave” (1), the comparison of the trees to “black men with one arm” (144), the image of a field of dead corn (144), the reference of death’s closeness through visions of ghosts (144), and others. In that sense, the author wanted to demonstrate using the comparisons, symbols, and images that dea
Article Summary Hacklin, F., Battistini, B., & von Krogh, G. (2013). Strategic Choices in Converging Industries. MIT Sloan management review , 55 (1), 65-73. The journal article talks about the emerging actors in the business world and industrial convergence. It provides information on how some companies have been faced out due stiff competition. It discusses the changes in telecommunication whereby the mobile industry has been taken over by the computer makers. The Nokia Company is no longer the best mobile brand today, and Samsung and Apple are now dominating the market, Blackberry, on the other hand, has to compete with Apple and Goggle; the giants of the market. According to this journal article, the changes had both positive and negative implications to the market. Although changes created job opportunities for some companies, some other companies were harmed. This journal article has been written as a result of a six-year study on convergence in the communications, media and performing sectors. Companies have been advised not to oversee what the industries around them are doing for this might have turned up to be too costly. Directors can detect problems of convergence by analyzing obvious facts, technical journals and arrangement structures. For instance, they can figure out how other factors of production may overlap and how this might be a problem in the future. However, it is important to use a specific framework that would help define strategic importance and plotting operational responses (Hacklin, Battistini, & von Krogh, 2013); the changes helped opened to new companies, while some have been forced to merge with others for survival. This journal article also gives advice to individual companies that will help them protect themselves when industries merge through the basic strategies; the technology pioneer approach, which uses superior technological solutions that actively contribute to the progress of convergence among industries. The market attacker strategy is another policy whereby people try to make good use of improved technologies that are already in the market to exploit every opportunity, such as getting an upper hand in revenue opportunities. The third basic strategy discussed in the journal article is the ecosystem aggregator, which are large businesses that take advantage of the available and favorable opportunities in the market (Hacklin, Battistini, & von Krogh, 2013). They usually have better chances than smaller companies, resulting from their high competences and market experiences that yield innovation and creativity. Finally, the authors of the journal article have proposed the business remodeler; a strategy used by big companies that have dominated the market for a long time, implying that they have a strong customer base, established networks, and strong brand equity (Hacklin, Battistini, & von Krogh, 2013). Report In chapter six, the fir