ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Ancient Greece has great history and civilization. This is one of the most documented parts of history. The history of Greece therefore provides a basis for the understanding of many elements of social and cultural life. Right from politics and philosophy the Greek history has been cited to explain many concepts. The aim of this paper is to take a look at the life and experiences of the Hetaerae women of ancient Greece. Thesis Statement The Hetaerae women were independent than all other women in the society. They lived on their own and were empowered in several aspects that guaranteed their independence. For instance they were educated and were conversant with politics, matters of intelligence and public policy (Freeman 234). Typical Hetaerae women were answerable to no one and had no family affiliations or obligations. Hetaerae women were predominantly free and independent in all aspects of social life. The paper aims to portray the manner in which the Hetaerae women were independence in their social lives. Hypothesis The Hetaerae women of Greece were a product of war and despondency. Most of these women had been captured as slaves who were then sold to investors. Theses investors then educated them and used them for acts of prostitution and entertainment. Others had been sold off by their poor parents into prostitution. The beautiful of these were introduced into the sex business form where they were to earn their freedom by guaranteeing a good return to their investor. As a result the paper establishes that theses women had little or no choice over the nature of lives they lived. In one way or the other they were forced into this experience by their circumstances. As a result as much as they were successful in public life and occupied a slot in among the intelligentsia, Hetaerae women were a disadvantaged lot who had no alternative a part from that chosen for them (Blundell 56). However despite all theses the Hetaerae women were independent in society and we
Introduction Modern businesses have been revolutionized by the emergence of the internet and other novel technologies. Digital assets, therefore, have become as critical as physical ones. The vulnerability of digital assets is relatively higher and small, medium, and large enterprises have a serious situation to deal with. Doing business internationally magnifies the threats to digital assets. Cybersecurity efforts by the government have proven inadequate leading to some scholars suggesting that private businesses need to find alternatives. The relationship between China and the United States has also been shown to be the embodiment of cybersecurity threats with China’s continuous violations. Other scholars have explained the implications of data protection protocols in regions such as the European Union. The question of how U.S. companies can protect their digital assets can be answered by examining available protection frameworks and how to take advantage of them Analysis The U.S. government offers cybersecurity for its companies both domestically and internationally. However, these efforts have been deemed inadequate by Rosenzweig et al. (2017) who propose that active cyber defense offers a better solution. Active cyber defense involves implementing measures to deceive, identify, and retaliate against hackers. Some of the critical assets that need protection include intellectual property rights (IPR). The U.S. government may have refused to protect foreign IPR and countries such as China have been unwilling to meet the U.S. IPR demands as explained by Peng et al. (2017). Therefore, an active cyber defense becomes plausible as a self-help approach. Even though the national government may have been insufficient, certain aspects can help businesses protect their digital assets overseas. Schackelford (2016) proposes the use of national cybersecurity strategies, including espionage mitigation and intellectual property protection. The concern, however, is whether other nations will be willing to adhere to the IPR demands of the U.S. considering the current relationship between China and the U.S. concerning these matters. As explained by Schackelford (2016), a cybersecurity strategy can be regarded as a political act, which creates expectations and establishes awareness among civil society and businesses. such an approach can work where there exist good political relationships between countries. International laws can also be explored as mechanisms for helping businesses secure their digital assets overseas. The International Investment Law and Arbitration are recommended by Chaisse and Bauer (2019), who propose that there lacks an international mechanism for protecting foreign investors. The authors suggest the use of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) in what they refer to as a “‘polycentric’ approach to cyber peace” (Chaisse & Bauer, 2019, p. 549). Additionally, European General Data Regulation (GDPR) discussed by Klar (2020) proves to be a more effective legal tool because it is
Retrograde pyelography is an invasive inspection of the kidneys from a distal way through the ureters (Chernecky and Berger 983). It has been used as a primary method infrequently, but it has a few probable signals when it can be a secondary method. Retrograde pyelography is mostly used to examine lacerations of the ureter. It generally necessitates a universal painkilling, and may end in the introduction of germs (Kumar and Clark 571). The test can help discover what is the basis of the patient’s urinary issue. It can recognize obstacles such as tumors or tapering in the kidneys. It is habitually done if other examinations have been unconvincing. The test should expectantly give a better definition of the patient’s health problem so that the doctor could suggest appropriate treatment. The retrograde pyelography is normally done as a daytime procedure, with no overnight stay. Antegrade pyelography is an invasive radiographic procedure in which radiocontrast substance is inserted percutaneously into the renal pelvis. The patient needed an antegrade pyelogram because other imaging examinations did not give the doctor enough evidence to reach a verdict (Chernecky and Berger 984). The patient may have a blockage and the dye would not flow any further or may be deferred in the kidney. The antegrade pyelogram may also be used to evaluate the state of the patient’s kidneys. It can either prevent the surgical intervention or represent a follow-up procedure. In this case, the doctor may use a special pipe to pass the urinal flow around the obstruction or use a kidney pipe to release the blockage. In this patient’s case, the retrograde and antegrade pyelography were required to detect and further examine hematuria. These two approaches are relatively helpful and were designed to assist in the projection and assessment of the urinary tract issues. The case showed that the procedures were carried out properly. Therefore, retrograde and antegrade pyelography helped to diagnose bladder tumor and the transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (Kumar and Clark 572). The medical worker should clarify the benefits and dangers of having retrograde pyelography, and correspondingly discuss the substitutes to the method. After that, the doctor will scrutinize the X-ray images to notice if there is any disruption in the flow. It is important to talk about the results of the patient’s test with him. The incidence of difficulties is subject to the exact type of procedure and patient’s general health. The doctor should also discuss the probable risks with the patient. Cystoscopy is a type of examination that permits the doctor to look at the inner sides of the bladder using a thin tool termed a cystoscope (Gingell and Abrams 66). The cystoscope has been put into the patient’s urethra and gradually introduced into the bladder. Cystoscopy lets the doctor see the parts of the patient’s bladder and urethra that typically are not perceived well on X-rays. Miniature surgical utensils can be introduced via the cystoscope that let the doctor complete the tissue removal or get rid of the urine samples. Tiny tumors and bladder stones can be e
Introduction Martin Luther is associated with bringing the reformation of Protestants. During his burial on 22nd Feb 1846 at his church in Wittenberg Pastor Johan Bugenhage who was his friend and a colleague preached the gospel in Rev 14.6 concerning an angel who had carried the gospel to preach to the people on the earth and he said that Luther was such an angel. From that time and during the centuries that followed on imitation of the pastor the followers of Luther (Lutherans) saw him as an angel. In this paper, I am going to explain the reasons that made Lutherans identify Luther as an angel and give roles that sols played in apocalyptic expectations (Petrides et al). Reasons as to why Lutherans identified Luther as one of the apocalypse angels An Apocalypse refers to the disclosure of something that had been hidden from most of the people for quite a long period and it can also refer to revelation, final battle, or the idea of the end of the world. On the other hand, Angel refers to a bodiless creature that is created by God and delivers messages in short they refer to a messenger. Luther was referred to as an angel of the apocalypse because he preached the everlasting gospel and informed the church on all the fury of hell (Cunningham &Ole para 3) since as it is recorded in the book of revelation the angel was given the keys of the bottomless pit. In addition, Luther awakened the church intellectually and he used to believe that he was living in the end times and therefore all that he did and preached portrayed this. Moreover, he taught that Christ is the only way to salvation which is a gift of God and not as a result of works. Roles of sola scriptura in apocalyptic expectations Top of Form Sola scripture means scripture alone. It is one of the main beliefs of Protestants, to them the whole authority is in scripture and the bible is very clear and has all the truth required for salvation. On the other hand, apocalyptic expectations are a mixture of fears and hopes that are very profound. Sola scripture has made most of the Christians believe the bible and everything written in it for instance all that will happen in the end times that is they believe in apocalyptic expectations. This has made people do what is good in fear of what might happen to them. In addition, most people have been motivated to read the bible and translate it into their vernacular language for better understanding. However, there has been a lot of resistance by the Catholic Church as they stated that the bible is not clear and has to be illustrated (Landes para 12). Identification of Luther as one of the angels of the apocalypse According to my, I think that though identification of Luther as one of the apocalyptic angels carried some irony since Luther himself was not comfortable with the book of revelation and said that his spirit cannot accommodate the book of revelation, Luther encouraged such identifications as he kept on preaching the gospel. In addition, he was so much involved in the reformation of the church and believed that he was living in the end times. Moreover, such identifications could make him
The unrest in the world can be observed in many places where people and the government find themselves in conflict over views, policies and social order. In the last years, the Persian Gulf has been swept by waves of demonstrations with severe outcomes for people. Arab Spring is the name that is commonly used for protests and rebellions that take place against the government, which often lead to violence and loss of life (Panara 80). Bahrain has been majorly touched by violent protests and people are demanding that their rights and freedoms be considered, as well as their wants for a better life. The conflict itself has deep roots within individual needs of people, social conflict and unique culture. One of the significant factors is that unrest in the Arab world has taken a form of a wave where people are supported by other nations. When a part of the world conflicts with the regime and demands acceptance of human rights, it gives an example for other nations and people do not feel as isolated from the rest of the world. It is crucial that people unite in the fight for their freedoms and establish democracies and governments that are ruled by individuals who decide what is best for the majority of the population. The history of protests and demands of human rights in Bahrain goes back to the beginning of the twentieth century. People started fighting for their independence hundreds of years ago. First, the area was dominated by Persians and then the British Empire was the ruler of the region. Comparing to close-by nations, Bahrain is one of the oldest ones and has rich cultural history. An interesting fact is that the British government was very much eager to set up laws and regulations, as “This trend was reflected in the attitude of the British authorities as Major Daly, the Political Agent appeared to be in earnest about the question of setting up local departments and internal organizations, especially the establishment of a local judiciary” (Radhi 43). This shows that there were people who wanted to set an order and give people their rights, so that they can enjoy their lives, even under Britain’s rule. But the wants of individuals did not go too far and since the beginning of the century, human rights were constantly violated and ignored by the government. The only response that people have received were violent put downs of peaceful protests, brutal and unjust treatment. A significant determinant in the conflict and how it was handled is that the authorities that uphold the law have behaved irresponsibly and criminally, violently forcing people to obey, torturing arrestees and killing innocent protestors (Radhi 20). The denial of medical attention and ability to leave scenes of violence became very common and this outraged people even more.
Introduction Jerome S. Bruner is one of the most acclaimed and momentous psychologists of the previous century. He was one of the significant personalities whose name was synonymous with the ‘cognitive revolution’. It is in the realm of education that his influence continues to survive. His book, ‘the process of education has met with widespread applause and has been most popular in the relevant circles. It has been hailed as one of the classics. In the recant past, he has become critical of the cognitive revolution and has explored for the construction of cultural psychology that weighs very much the factors like historical and social settings of the contributors. In his 1996 book, the culture of education, these arguments were refined with reference to schooling and education in a broader way. Jerome Bruner has unleashed a powerful impact on our conception of the process of education and to the making of curriculum theory. We investigate this work and deduct some important lessons for informal academicians and those pertaining to the practice of learning of the entire life. It is definitely the case that schooling is an ingredient of the process of inducting the young into its normative ways. In fact, schooling may not be commensurate with a cultures’ other methods of facilitating the young into the needs of concerned living. For the author, it has become more and more obvious that education is not just about traditional school issues curriculum or the examinations. What we determine to do in the school merely makes sense when viewed in the general sense of what the society aims for attaining by means of educational investment in the young. How one takes education, we have at last come to conclusion is a function of how one takes culture and its objectives explicit and implicit. The Process of Education Book by Jerome Bruner The book by Jerome Burner has been a landmark and one of the most fundamental texts. It had molded the thinking many in the United States. It has impacted the perceptions of several teachers and scholars and they have come up convince and imbibed. Its stance of children as dynamic problem solvers who are quite prepared to search for odd subjects while not being in line with the influential view in education of that era finds resemblance with views of many. There are key four elements that have arisen from this wonderful and magnificent theory of knowledge. The number one is the ‘contribution of structure in learning and how it may be made lynchpin of teaching’. The approach adopted should be pragmatic one. The teaching and imbibitions of structure rather than the hold on facts and methods is the most important part of the classic issue of transfer. If the initial learning is to spill the beans for the later learning, it must begin with general picture in view of the connections between things met earlier and later
The paper What is “academic” written by Lennie Irvin revolves around the great importance of paper, which is considered credible. Presenting the issue, the author states that the word “academic” might introduce numerous misunderstandings and make a person feel uncomfortable because of the theoretical complexity of this activity (Irvin, n.d.). However, Irvin (n.d.) continues that credibility depends on how a person understands the issue. In such a way, the paper provides a reader with information about academic writing’s main peculiarities, its unique importance for research work, and some crucial elements that should be taken into account to create excellent work. The author also provides the most common myths about writing for a would-be researcher to understand the real nature of the issue and eliminate stereotypes that might impact the final result. They are also followed by the relevant information related to the sphere. In such a way, a reader is able to obtain a clear vision of the way an author should research the topic and investigate a certain phenomenon. Irvin (n.d.) emphasizes the fact that there are numerous sources of the research, and they all should be used for a paper to become relevant. Nevertheless, a writer should also differentiate between credible and other sources. Finally, Irvin (n.d.) also introduces current demands to an academic article and outlines the importance of their observance. It is crucial for a researcher to be ready to follow them and organize the paper in a specific way. Altogether, the paper provides a reader with credible information about the way academic articles should be written and organized. Reference Irvin, L. (n.d.). What is “academic” writing? Web.
Introduction Psychology and religion are two fields of study that have intricate relationships in that a study of another requires understanding of the other. Across all centuries, psychologists have developed numerous theories that are applicable in the study of human ideas, beliefs, and traditions that make them behave in certain ways. Since religions have fundamental beliefs and doctrines, they have a significance influence on human behavior, and thus have certain interests of psychologists. Hence, psychology of religion provides basis where people can understand religion from a scientific point of view. Carl Gustav Jung is one of the prominent psychologists who contributed to the understanding of psychology from the scientific point of view, since he believes that religion has a psychological aspect. According to Jung, “the fact is that certain ideas exist almost everywhere, and at all times, and they can even spontaneously create themselves quite apart from migration and tradition,” (504). In essence, it is impossible to divorce psychology from religion since they have intricate relationships with common beliefs, ideas, and traditions that shape human behavior. Therefore, this essay examines religious issues that influence human behavior and define values and beliefs that the society holds. Freedom Freedom is a religious issue in which many religions have formed different interpretations depending on their beliefs and doctrines. Essentially, religions grapple with the issue of freedom because it provides liberty for people to transgress divine laws that define human existence. The freedom provides room for people to do right or wrong depending on their perception of the divine laws, which form the foundation of any given religion. In his psychological perspective, Jung argues that, “religion is a relationship to the highest or strongest value, be it positive or negative” (505). The relationship happens due to freedom, as people can build either good relationships or bad ones. Moreover, the relationship entails voluntary and conscious choice that people can take depending on their perceptions and understanding of religious beliefs and teachings. Inherent attributes of relationships that people display indicate that they have their basis on the religious beliefs and doctrines, which vary from one religion to another. This means that freedom is a fundamental need of humans so they can make informed choices basing on religious beliefs and doctrines. Since humans require freedom so that they can define their religious orientations, they are at liberty to do what is wrong or right depending on their
Introduction The solution for third world countries lie in their own hands. Though it is not easy to implement they have the ability to. Capitalization in these countries is compared to re-arranging an eagle’s nest without disturbing the eagle. This clearly shows that it is a delicate issue and needs caution and care from the start. Otherwise what was meant for good may turn out worse if all areas are not taken care of. They should therefore look at all aspects of how to implement successful implementation without ignoring any of them. This includes the political aspect, legal system of property and the social aspect. Developing and ex-communist countries have failed in capitalism and hence development. The problem is that in these countries capitalism is only for the elites. Initially, the United States and the Great Britain were the only countries that concentrated on capitalism. Latin America enhanced capitalism by controlling inflation, free trade and allowing private ownership of assets. However, they had failed four times before this success. Main Body Those who advocate for capitalism are seen as liars outside the West. Their fight for capitalism has failed due to the rulings that find them guilty of trying to manipulate the written law of the country. Most of these countries do not develop because there is so much of the dead capital. This is mainly caused by law that does not allow formal property system. The law is therefore very discriminative. Many people cannot trade in expanded markets because of the property ownership system. The failure to document their assets and business in the expanded market, have limited them to enjoy many benefits that would be at their disposal if only they could take some actions. Registration and well managed property regulations should help them to climb up the ladder. The government should promote a legal system that would enable unity and expertise to increase productivity. It is only good systems, and not faulty ones that can enhance development at a national level other than concentrating on a few individuals. This is compared to water. If each person has some little water, he might not be able to do much with it and it will bring only a little profit. If the water is put together, it is able to have a greater impact than when it is isolated. This signifies the power of unity. Some people are the enemies to their own development by being enemies of capitalism. They make efforts to put down those who try to promote capitalism. They argue that the supporters are stepping on laws and breaking them. The representation of an idea is very important. Some people are quick to reject ideas but with persistence they are able to embrace it. Cultural factors should also be put into consideration. Regardless of the cul