ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Though this particular research may have several questions, there is notably one research question that needs to be addressed and answered. The main question shall be; what are the main causes of absenteeism among the junior administrators in the organization? However, other secondary questions are likely to arise from this particular research. They include the following:-  1. What are the major types of absenteeism among junior supervisors?  2. What is the junior administrators take on their job? The main aim of this question is to get to know whether the junior administrators like their job or not.  3. What are the responsibilities assigned to the junior administrator? When this question is put across, it aims at finding out whether the junior administrators are necessary to the organization. It is necessary to find out whether the cause of their absenteeism is due to the fact that there lacks the need of the junior administrators in the organization. The value of this particular research is to find the underlying causes of absenteeism by the junior administrators. Through finding the main causes of this absenteeism, the employers and the managers can come up with a solution that is going to ensure a solution to the problem. The research will also be of value to the organization, which means that the organization is likely to meet its organizational objectives, since there shall be a good administration if the problem that causes absence of the junior administrators is solved. Achieving such goals means that the organization is likely to improve on its growth, which increases its competitive edge in the market. The research in question may be of benefit to different organizations and institutions. To start with, the employers and the managers can become aware of the problem in question, and may work in a way to resolve their part of the problem to improve the situation. There is also another benefit for the organization since it shall get to meet its goals in case there are problems that are brought about by presence of junior supervisors. There are potential difficulties that occur in carrying out the research. To start with, such information is sometimes confidential to the organization. The organization therefore, may be reluctant to give it forth. Another problem is lack of cooperation by the target population. The fact that the target population may also be a part of the group of people who are absent means that there is a risk that they may not offer the information adequately, or may even lie. Absenteeism of workers comes with various different reasons, among them being the fact that the junior administrators may be absent due health issues. It would therefore, be wise to ensure that such is put into consideration when carrying a research that seeks to reduces the rate of absence of the workers (Tittle, 2000). The meaning of this therefore, is that the employers make attempts to accommodate those people who are absent due to counseling, treatment and rehabilitation issues. Another ethical issue that arises from the absence o
Orbitz Worldwide Inc. is a company that owns a flexible online reservation system that connects its users “to hundreds of airlines, over 80, 000 hotels, 15 rental car agencies, as well as cruises and vacation packages” (Case Study, n.d., p. 1). The company was created as a result of a unified effort of the following airlines: United, Delta, Continental, American, and Northwest (Case Study, n.d.). Sixteen years after its launch, the platform provides its services to more than 9 million customers each month (Case Study, n.d.). The services include, but are not limited to, the provision of search tools allowing to quickly and easily retrieve information related to air travel and hotel-booking. By using the platforms, travelers can book a flight, check flight statuses, wait times, delays, traffic conditions, weather, reviews from other travelers, and parking information among others. The aim of this paper is to analyze why the company opted for launching native apps for iOS, Android, and Kindle Fire instead of using a single mobile website. Analysis Orbitz discovered that securing flight and making lodging and car rental reservations though its mobile website are time-consuming tasks. Therefore, the company decided to eliminate its web app and provide its users with seamless reservation experience through native apps for different devices. The decision was taken at a time when the popularity of native apps increased enormously due to numerous advantages associated with them. Furthermore, the number of customers almost doubled with the introduction of mobile transactions; therefore, Orbitz redesigned its native iPhone app and intended on developing native apps for other operating systems. By eliminating its cross-platform solution and locating its search and reservation process entirely within walls of native apps, the company provided its customers with a superb user experience. Orbitz dispensed with time-consuming redirects to third parties’ websites, thereby achieving speed and ease of use (Case Study, n.d.). The company compared the performance of its iPhone app with that of their competitors such as Kayak, Priceline, Travelocity, and Expedia (Case Study, n.d). Managers of the organization discovered that its customers were able to make flight and hotel reservations twice as fast as individuals using applications of Orbitz’s rivals. It can be argued that the company’s decision to eliminate its web app was highly beneficial for mobile device users. Native apps are completely compatible with the hardware of mobile devices; therefore, Orbitz customers can use GPS functions of their devices to tag their locations on maps. Furthermore, “customers’ search history, personal information, frequent flyer program data, and travel preferences” (Case Study, n.d., p. 3) that can be stored within a native app provided the company with a competitive edge over its rivals. Another benefit of using a mobile is the ability to access itinerary data even while offline. Undoubte
Introduction It is the aim of every education to increase their output and thus enjoy comparative advantage compared to other organizations. On the same note, organizations are aiming at reducing costs since they eat into their profits. It is important to note that among the most important inputs in a firms’ production is labor. However, lately, firms are endeavoring at ensuring they get maximum productivity from the minimal possible human capital. As a result, investment in human capital is an inevitable aspect of any organization. Continuous learning and development is a necessity to ensure that the competency of employees is enhanced. One of the methods of learning that has gained importance is a Self-Managed Learning (SML) process. This is a structured learning process that is more attractive, all-encompassing and involves people managing their learning process. SML has various benefits both to the organization and to an individual on which it is practiced. The benefit of Self-Managed Learning To begin with, people who are willing to undergo the self-managed learning program are usually self-motivated and personally willing to advance their skills. In this regard, the process enables an organization to identify employees who are easy to train. On the same not, unlike the traditional learning methods where it was difficult to put into practice what has been leaned, SML eliminates this. In SML, people continue applying what they learn in their day to day functions (Sangster 2000). Similarly, the process is usually undertaken to counter existing gaps in organizational needs which ensures that what is learned will be put into practice. The process is compatible with other methods of learning to mean that a firm that decides to implement the process will not have to scrap the entire existing learning process. Consequently, the process is not very expensive to implement yet it is more effective in its outputs. Moreover, since the program is aligned with the present needs of the organization, the process addresses directly the needs of an organization. Furthermore, individuals get the opportunity of choosing what to learn depending on one’s preferences and level of knowledge. Additionally, the process of learning becomes enjoyable since one engages in what is best for him or her. Similarly, an individual has the power to choose the schedule of learning according to a personal timetable without mechanically following a laid down procedure (Clampitt 2009). The process is also very vital in ensuring productive life because one is engaged in a field where he or she has passion. Moreover, financial freedom and freedom of choice lead to personal satisfaction. On the same note, self-managed learning ensures continuous self-development and lifelong learning which are essential for human capital development. Approaches used in Self-Managed Learning There are several approaches used in self-managed learning. Firstly, people can use seminars and conferences where people share knowledge and ideas. In the process of exchanging ideas, peop
Introduction Ecology is a branch of biology that deals with the study of living things and how they relate among themselves and to the environment. An ecosystem is a natural unit that consists of biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors refer to biological aspects of the environment while abiotic factors refer to the physical environmental factors. This paper seeks to discuss the tropical rain forest. The content of the paper will include: biodiversity, food chain and endangered species in the tropical rain forest and the various levels of the food chain. The content will also include the threats facing the tropical rain forest, the impacts of the threats to the ecosystem and the possible solutions to the threats and the impacts of these solutions. The Tropical Rain Forest The tropical rain forest is among the types of ecosystems exhibited in ecology. Other types of ecosystems include: “aquatic, arid, deciduous forests, grasslands and tundra ecosystems” (COTF 1). The tropical rain forest is a hot and moist ecosystem that is found along the equator. This ecosystem is found in parts of Africa, South America and parts of Asia. Rainfall in this ecosystem is continuous throughout the year and ranges from 60 to 160 inches of rain gauge measurements. The environment which consists of hot and moist conditions is supportive to a large number of plants and animals. The conditions form an optimum environment for bacteria inhabitation. The soil of the ecosystem is however not very fertile because nutrients are drained away by the rain water (COTF 1). According to Waring and Running, tropical rainforest is inhabited by a variety of plants and animals. It has been estimated that the ecosystem is inhabited by a record of more than four hundred and seventy species of plants per hectare around the equator. There is also a variety of invertebrate species as well as micro organisms. Also present in the tropical rainforest are the herbivores which are mainly known to feed on plant leaves and grass (Waring and Running 184). The ecosystem is also inhabited by a number of insects and birds, some of which can fly while others just climb trees. Other birds like the parrots can climb as well as fly (Darwin 1). Food chain is a map representation showing what given species of an ecosystem feed on. It is a representation of energy flow among the biotic factors in the system. Every element in the ecosystem is therefore significant as the energy flow passes through it. This implies that given species of plants and animals derive food from other species. The energy flow could mean death of members of a given species or just a mere consumption of a part of a member of the given species. The energy flow however aids the survival of some species in the ecosystem. At the top of the food chain are the primary producers. Th
Kantian ethics is the clearest example of non-consequential theories in philosophy, and by extension, in law. Support for the theory often comes from adherents of imperative social order ideas such as utilitarianism. In Kant’s philosophy, the ideas of non-consequential ethics are most clearly demonstrated by the moral and ethical phenomenon he formulated and called the categorical imperative. This concept, as conceived by Kant, is the formulation of how a person should act, striving to partake in genuinely moral behavior (Kant & Abbott, 2021). The imperative directly addresses the acting person, who makes specific moral choices according to the predetermined rational ways. It advises a person to strictly and urgently, most attentively, treat the maxims of their behavior, namely to the subjective rules of practical reason. According to Kant, the principles of pure practical reason have a specific non-consequential form (Kant & Abbott, 2021). They are statements containing a general definition of will, which is subject to many practical rules; this notion has particular problems in the very essence of the statement. It should be discussed how Kant understands ethics in greater detail. Namely, morality should not be relative, bound by private interests, but absolute and universal; ot
Following the 9/11 disaster and the PATRIOT Act’s passage, the powers of the United States government to conduct surveillance on both citizens and foreign entities expanded dramatically. The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section was added to the Department of Justice, and the National Security Agency received substantially expanded purview for the stated purpose of combating terror. However, both before these measures were put into place and especially after the 2013 leak by Edward Snowden, questions arose about the rationality and constitutionality of these measures. The indiscriminate gathering of information about private citizens is presumably a violation of the Fourth Amendment, as there is no reasonable cause for doing so in an overwhelming majority of individual cases. This paper aims to define the problem and propose a solution that will respect the Constitution while enabling the government to fight cybercrime. Under the current law, the gathering of private data by government agencies without a reasonable cause and an appropriate warrant is illegal in accordance with the Fourth Amendment. However, Snowden has revealed that agencies engage in such behavior, regardless, while the government aided and abetted them (Boussios, 2016). They use their lack of transparency, which is nominally intended to protect the nation’s intelligence interest and prevent the targeted criminals from learning that they are in danger. This same obscurity enables abuses of power by government agencies, and various stories from both the 20th and 21st centuries demonstrate that numerous agents in the government are willing to engage in such. Without whistleblowers such as Snowden, it would be nearly impossible to uncover such scandals, as more and more people would become involved and complicit upon learning of its existence. However, there also exists another avenue for surveillance, one that has a more nebulous relationship with the Fourth Amendment. Brennan-Marquis (2017) discusses how large IT corporations, such as AT&T or various internet service providers, will collect users’ personal information and share it with the government voluntarily. Barring scenarios where data collection is happening illegally, users typically give their consent to such gathering, described in notoriously long and convoluted Terms of Service. As a result, the Fourth Amendment is technically bypassed, as the information was given away after consent was obtained, and the company gave it away freely, as well. With that said, the end result is the same gathering of data that is ripe for abuse, which is likely beyond most citizens’ expectations of privacy. Hence, this issue should also be addressed, as it addresses a loophole in the Constitution. Lastly, it is necessary to consider whether mass surveillance achieves effects in cybercrime prevention that justify its existence. Per Boussios (2016), Snowden and other advocates for the elimination of surveillanc
Introduction Many organisations have embraced the pivotal role played by capacity building in improving the overall quality of the functioning of the setup. This has led to massive investments in capacity building programs aimed at enhancing the organizational performance and maximizing productivity of the workers. Capacity building generally refers to the ability of an organisation to deliver and fulfil its goals and objectives in an effective and systematic manner (Kaplan, 1999, p.18). The concept has gained popularity with managers and practitioners who are pushing for its wider application in the management of the non-profit organisations especially the health care institutions such as the National Health Service (NHS). Organisation capacity usually refers to the increased ability or potential to utilize the resources and expertise at its disposal to deliver the set goals while increasing value for the shareholders. More importantly, the ease of integration between capacity building and other core aspects of the institutions has rendered it useful and applicable to small and large organisations (Institute of Medicine, 2001, p. 45). The NHS hospitals are lagging behind due to their inadequacy in providing strategic leadership that is vital in enhancing their functioning. This essay will look into the building of organizational capacity in the management of National Health Service hospitals with particular interest in their strategic goals while outlining the steps, approach and performance indicators in improving the performance. Organizational capacity According to Horton et al (2003, p. 29), there has been great and massive investments in terms of resources and time aimed towards enhancing the organizational performance and development. The major aim of enhancing organizational capacity is to boost the performance of the organisation as set out in its strategic goals while ensuring it is in tandem with the amount of resources at its disposal. A sizeable proportion of this investment has entirely focused on improving the organizational capacity of the key functional departments in the National Health Service. Organizational management has received great focus owing to its role in directing the overall functioning and performance of the human resources and services especially in the National Health Service (NHS). Ting has noted that organizational capacity is imperative in ensuring the effective implementation of health policy (2009, p. 1). This brought into fore the need for legislators and bureaucrats in the United Kingdom to consider more emphasis on the role of organisation capacity in the eventual implementation of policy and legisl
Locating the Movie Identify: More American than Irish Considering The quiet man , a movie, which is more American, than it is Irish, even though the film narrates about Irish people, MacKillop obviously has a point. Instead of focusing on capturing the essence of the Irish culture and interpreting it with the help of the means that cinematography has to offer, the director resorted to the traditional tropes, therefore, reducing the film to a bunch of clichés tied together. The strength of the movie comes from its characters rather than from the setting or the accuracy of the representation of the Irish culture, which MacKillop proves in a very graphic manner. When analyzing the movie, one must bear in mind that it would be wrong to judge the film solely on its own merits – though the movie obviously holds its value as an art piece, it must also be analyzed as an adaptation of Walsh’s novel (MacKillop 173). Herein the key problem with the movie lies – unlike in Walsh’s story, the lead character in the movie is American, though with an obvious Irish heritage. By providing the character with a new identity, the director changed the movie radically, creating an entirely new atmosphere and depriving the original story of its Irish spirit. Another crucial alteration, which the novel suffered when being turned into the script, concerned the evolution of the main character: “Unlike the Quiet Man of Walsh’s story who is too reticent to ask for the dowry, Sean Thornton refuses to accept the importance of a strange tradition” (MacKillop, 1999, p. 175). Finally, the changes that were made to another important character, Thornton’s wife, can be considered the final step towards the Americanization of the story. Ellen Roe in the original story, she is turned into Mary Kate. Surprisingly enough, her character is very bland. Irish Stereotypes in the Movie: Cementing the Commonly Accepted Image Much to the credit of the movie director, the movie does not fall for the traditional tropes and can be considered quite original for the year that it was released in. While following the traditional pattern of a romantic comedy, the film still offers the viewer a lot of food for thoughts. Nevertheless, The quiet man admittedly incorporates a range of stereotypes concerning Irish people and the Irish culture; viewed through the prism of the American culture, the interpretation of the Irish traditions turns into blowing the traditional image of an Irish person and their life out of proportions. First and most obvious, the movie did not escape creating its own interpretation of the Irish Alcoholic trope: Michaleen Oge, played by Barry Fitzgerald, is never seen sober throughout the entire movie; and, given the running time of the comedy (129 minutes), that i