ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the study of films, there is the use of the formal-aesthetic and cultural-ideological approaches. Here, the formal-aesthetic approach means the study of the internal elements of a film rather than the role it plays in the political or cultural context. The formal analysis emphasizes the structure and style of the film. Style, thus, looks at how the different themes are developed in the film, how the narrative has been structured, and the composition of the shot and the recurrence of the motifs. The study also looks at the organization of these elements in a certain pattern that give the film meaning. On the other hand, aesthetics aspect is a philosophical area that concerns itself with theories of perception and appreciation of art. The main idea behind aesthetics in the film is beauty. When the two aspects of formalism and aesthetics combine, then the unity of the structural elements is achieved in a way emphasizing artistry. In such a film, one can appreciate the aspects of beauty brought out. The sociological-ideological analysis is where there is the combination of sociology and ideology in the study of films. Sociology refers to scientific study of the behavior of human beings. On the other hand, ideology studies the ways in which there is the development of cultural structures and beliefs within dominant groups, thus, helping them control the people’s view on culture. The use of this analysis, therefore, helps in understanding the human behavior that results in the production of whatever film. Additionally, the approach looks at the dynamics of power and control behind film articulation. Given that it is a product of modern technologies and a means of production, the study of films plays a critical role. The area is essentially vital in determining the relationship between art and mechanical development. Feminism, Humanism and Science in Alien According to James Kavanagh, film titled Alien of 1979 is an example of an aesthetically effective mass-cultural production. The film is said to fuses different cultural themes into a cinematic narrative having both the emotional and visual impact. However, other themes evident in the film are the internal over determination and contradictory construction. These allow for criticism on the issue that attempts to resurrect an ideological figure in the film. Humanism is brought out in the film through concealed differences, struggles and contradictions. The theme of Humanism is used in this film to explain the Marxist theory of history, society and culture. To Marxism, the idea of man is misplaced. Thus, Marxism says there are specific men and women who are classified into classes. He continues to say that it is the classes which are significant in social transformation. Initially, Alien looked at humanism and scie
A defendant can file a motion for a new hearing after the trial is over. The court may review the case to overturn a verdict or analyze significant evidence that might have an impact on the decision (Welch & Fuller, 2014). A court may also allow filing a new motion in case if a severe violation of legislation is found throughout the process. In a nutshell, recurrent hearings only happen when there is a necessity to correct the mistakes of the previous trial to guarantee a trial that is not affected by any subjective factors. How It Works Defendants are usually keen on filing motions after they were found guilty in the court. It may also happen that the judge re-launches the trial process without the defendant filing a motion (Lippman, 2011). The respondent can file a petition inquiring an upper law court to override the verdict of the current trial judge if justices reject a motion for another hearing. Nonetheless, the prosecuting attorney is not the one who usually files a motion for a new hearing since the norm of double jeopardy will apply upon an exoneration. All the same, in some special cases, an appellate court may hear the case again as per the request of a trial judge (Neubauer & Meinhold, 2012). This means that the trial process may start from the initial step and be reviewed from a different perspective by a brand-new jury. Fixing the Error On a bigger scale, any legitimate mistakes that transpired throughout a trial are based on a rather simple principle that allows a new trial motion. An illustration of the application of this principle is a justice of the peace who mistakenly disregarded the evidence that could have a positive or negative impact on the outcomes of a court hearing. An inaccurate omission of evidence might take place if a justice claimed that definite evidence should be left out because of the unconfirmed reports of witnesses. Nevertheless, the key reason why the majority of such rulings is incorrect is that an exception is applied to the legislation. Judges are not commonly finding any noteworthy legal mistakes during the new hearing because they are the ones who conducted the original trial (Hucklesby & Wahidin, 2011). Conversely, if a judge becomes conscious of the fact that a verdict is inaccurate, they may allow conducting a new hearing to escape the defendant’s petition and an obligation to reverse the verdict of the trial on appeal. It is safe to say that appellate courts have a propensity for providing trial court juries with substantial flexibility when it comes to making a decision. New Evidence New trial motions may as well be granted when definite types of new evidence have been revealed after the sentence has been ruled. Nonetheless, any minor or somewhat supportive evidence is not a sufficient base to restart a trial. The new evidence normally requires complying with three key principles. First, the defense should have been unfamiliar with the evidence during the initial trial. Second, this particular evidence could n
There are growing concerns on the need to conserve the environment at national and internal level. The world has undertaken numerous environmental conservation measures. The effects of global warming are increasingly affecting people, plants, and animals negatively. One of the major emitter of green house gasses is burning of fossil fuel. The automobile industry is one industry that largely depends on fossil fuels for production and running of its products. Introducing new products in a market needs strategic management and undertaking feasibility study in the market of test. A number of considerations need to be looked into when choosing the test market. Company A, a large multinational automobile producer has developed “ecological or green” vehicles. It wants to test the viability of their products in Hong Kong (Wah 12-45). This paper analyzes the market potential of ecological automobiles in Hong Kong. It will offer insight information about Hong Kong’s market that will assist the company launch its products effectively. Hong Kong Hong Kong is situated at China’s south coast; it is one of the two SARs (special Administrative Region) of China. It has a fast growing economy and the demand of automobile is increasing. The country is known for its deep harbours and is one of the world’s densely populated countries. According to population census of 20009, the population of the administrative region stands at 7.4 million with 95% being of Chinese origin and the remaining 5% being other nationalities and tribes. The total surface area of the country stands at 1104km sq or 4265 Sq metres. The island was colonised by the British. Hong Kong’s birth rate stands 11.7 per 1,000. The country has high-ranking university and high education and has basic education as free (Economic & Trade Information on Hong Kong). The country have well developed infrastructures like roads, banking system, judiciary, information technology, and well learnt human capital. The political situation of the country can be said to be relatively stable with a strong independent election commission. Hong Kong’s Economic situation The demand for a product, especially vehicles is highly influenced by the economic performance of the economy. The living standards of the people of Hong Kong will determine the success of the market. The country has free trade policy when dealing with international trade. The country has well-developed infrastructures and maintains an almost perfect capitalist economy (Loh). Its capitalistic nature has made the country to be a major international trade and finance centre where major international offices are situated. The role of the government is limited to provision of basic economic development facilities like transport and communication networks. Government participation is minimal and follows the concept of “ positive non-interven
The Republic of the Philippines is located about 400 miles from Asia. The country borders South China Sea to the North and West, the Sulu Sea and Celebs Sea to the southwest, and the Philippines Sea to the east. Arguably, four cultural influences and three key religions are responsible for what the Philippines are today. Ethnic groups in the Philippines include Apayao, Bagobo, Bontoc, Boholano, Mandaya, Manobo, and Kalinga to name but a few. The national language in the Philippines is Filipino and English is used as the official language. The main regional languages include Bicolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Tagalog, and Waray. Close to 83 percent of the population are Roman Catholics while 9 percent are Protestants. The Muslims comprise 5 percent while the remaining 3 percent consists of Buddhists, Taoists, animists, and others. This paper looks at the dressing culture of the Filipinos and how it was influenced by Western countries such as Spain and the United States as well as its neighbors. As a result of Western influence, most Filipinos have lost touch with their original mode of dressing and only wear their traditional clothes during special occasions. Historically, the Republic of the Philippines was colonized by Spain and the United States. In addition, the country had contacts with many of its Asian neighbors such as Thailand. For this reason, the country’s culture is mostly regarded as a blend of different cultures. Despite the Western influence, the Republic of the Philippines managed to preserve some of its unique dressing cultures through minority groups. To a large extent, the dressing culture of the Filipinos was influenced by Spain and the United States. Apparently, the media and the country’s tropical climate also influenced the Filipinos dressing culture. The country’s tropical climate compelled Filipinos to put on colorful clothes that were often mixed with bead work. Before Spain colonized the Philippines, it is alleged that the Filipinos used the canga 1 as well as the bahag 2 as part of their dressing. The canga was some form of a collarless shirt used quite extensively by men. As a result of external influence some Filipino women started wearing coats that had initially been reserved for use in their kitchens (Toer 35). The tropical climate in the Philippines compelled most Filipinos to put on light shirts with jeans or maong as they are generally referred to in the Republic of the Philippines. For similar
Introduction The transport and logistics industry comprises one of the fundamental economic sectors in the world. The industry has undergone remarkable growth over the past few decades. One of the factors that have promoted the industry’s transformation relates to the high rate of economic growth especially in the emerging economies. The UAE is one of the countries that have experienced a significant economic growth in the GCC region due to rich oil reserves. In 2013, the total value of transport and logistics industry in the UAE was estimated to be $ 23.4 billion ( Trading Economics, 2015). The sector accounts for 6% of the country’s total Gross Domestic Product [GDP]. The UAE’s strategic position has increased the attractiveness of global transport and logistics companies. Moreover, the UAE’s government commitment to improving the country’s logistics systems has influenced the company’s attractiveness to local and global transport and logistics systems. One of the companies that have established a transport system in the UAE is the DSV Group. The firm has attained optimal performance in the UAE since its inception ( DSV Global Transport and Logistics , 2015). Company profile The DSV Group is a transport and logistics solutions company that has attained global footprint. Currently, the firm operates in over 75 countries and it has a human capital base of over 315,000 employees. Previously, the DSV’s operations in the UAE were mainly through agents. However, in an effort to achieve operational efficiency, the firm established its own offices in the UAE in 2007. The company’s offices are located in Dubai ( DSV Global Transport and Logistics, 2015). DSV has undergone considerable growth over the past decades as evidenced by the high annual revenue. During its 2013, financial year, DSV was ranked sixth amongst the leading global logistics and transport solutions companies. Its total revenue amounted to 6.1 billion Euros ( DSV Global Transport and Logistics, 2015). One of the factors that have contributed to the firm’s growth entails the adoption of optimal strategic management practices. In the course of its operation, DSV appreciates the importance of partnering with its clients in order to optimise the value of its supply chain. The company serves diverse customer categories such as small businesses to multinational corporations. Consequently, the firm is proactive in adjusting its operational strategies in an effort to satisfy its customers. One of the aspects that the company focuses on entails the development of high-quality supply chain solutions by implementing effective Information Technology
On May 17, 2004, Naval Admiral William H McRaven delivered a commencement speech at the University of Texas. The speech centered on the general theme of changing the world, referencing the University’s slogan: “what starts here changes the world” (McRaven, 2014, para. 5). Adm. McRaven likened his personal experience at Navy SEAL training to general challenges one should expect to face during his or her life and explained the lessons one should take from them if one’s eventual goal is to change the world for the better. Qualitative research methods were applied to the speech to determine and identify the themes therein and construct a theoretical framework based on these themes. Inductive analysis was performed to detect any thematic connections between the speech’s themes and generate a theory of the values prescribed in the message as they apply to achieving an eventual ultimate goal (Farquhar, 2012). The contents of the speech were coded based on the frequency of certain word’s appearance and classified; then, the codes were interpreted to identify themes emerging in the speech’s message (Gagnon, 2010a; Miles, et al., 2014). The themes were then iterated and extrapolated to produce a theory proposal that can be applied to further research (Yin, 2017). In absence of an established coding scheme for the subject, a new one had to be developed to interpret this data. Coding and Interpreting The following codes were identified within Adm. McRaven’s speech. Table 1. Codes and Emerging Themes in Adm. McRaven’s Speech Descriptive codes           Interpretive codes    Emerging themes                                                                                                       Anyone can change the world                                         Personal advice/experience  Changing the world    Minor actions can be sufficient to create lasting effect                                                              Small changes can affect a great number of people                                                                     One’s background is irrelevant                                      Equal opportunity          Long-term changes          Subtle changes                                                               One needs to overcome struggles                                     Cooperation                 Overcoming struggles  Failure is a necessary part of the learning process                                                                   Accomplishing minor tasks is a part of achieving significant change Hope, darkest moment       Necessity of failure       Small successes            Necessity of
Introduction It is imperative to state that the international economy is experiencing a prime recession. A worldwide financial catastrophe has stalled economic activity and affected universal growth (Brown, lax, and Petersen, 2010). There has been considerable deterioration in offside endowment conditions due to risk aversion. The majority of the economies have experienced complexities in external borrowing expenses. There is the transmission of liquidity and pricing strains in worldwide funding markets. Moreover, tighter credit is diminishing private investment when there is a requirement of substantial investment to fund precedence development needs (Angkinand, Sawangngoenyuang & Wihlborg, 2010). However, the general situation causes substantial concern. Weak growth and tight credit conditions have the capacity of cutting into the government’s proceeds and governments’ capability to invest in infrastructure, and meet the education and health goals. Response to the crisis The international financial institutions are extremely beneficial towards overcoming the challenges resulting from the crisis. These institutions have the capacity of being an integral part of a harmonized and hasty program of action. This forestalls the crumple of banking, and clandestine sectors in mounting countries (Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias, 2010). These institutions can provide consultative services to assist countries prepare for and retort to monetary sector crises, assess susceptibility, reinforce policy, and authoritarian frameworks. Moreover, they can still provide short-term finance inclusive of trade finance, and give capital to susceptible banking systems. Provision of this capital can be direct through clandestine operations or indirect through government programs that support bank recapitalization (Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias, 2010). It is worth denoting that these institutions can still prop up the developing countries by offering guarantees, to foreign banks or clandestine investors in order to encourage them back to budding markets. Another way of dealing with this crisis is through managing fiscal challenges (Rose and Spiegel, 2010). It is imperative to state that through the budget prop up, these institutions can assist partner countries fund their deficits, alter their expenditure and income policies, in order to consider the priorities and pressures resulting from the crisis, particularly by ensuring that fiscal adjustment considers the needs of the underprivileged. The technical assistance can supplement this work in order to reinforce management, lucidity, and responsibility in public finances, thereby ensuring efficient use of scarce resources (Rose and Spiegel, 2010). Securing long-term development is another mode of combating the economic crisis. A substantial critical role of these institutions is assisting the developing countries lessen disturbance to continuing development programs and projects.
Executive summary Comparative studies determine the level of performance between two companies. Financial analyses can ascertain the usefulness of comparative studies. The comparison provides ratio analysis on market trends, financial ratios and the strength of its capital base (Brealey & Myers, 2000). Thus, financial ratio analysis provides an accurate health status of an organization (Brealey & Marcus, 1999). In this report, we will compare financial ratios between two car manufacturing companies. The report is a comparative analysis between Toyota Corporation and Ford Motors. The report shows the liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, market ratio and the profitability ratio. The analysis revealed the stability of Toyota Corporation in growth and performance. Brief history of Toyota Corporation Toyota was established in 1937 by Toyody Kiichiro. He invested 100,000 pounds in Toyota Corporation. In 2009, Toyota Corporation ranked first in the can manufacturing business. The company produced 8.76 million cars. The major markets include Japan, Asia, North America and most recently South America. The company produces Toyota, Scion and Lexus cars. Toyota invented hybrid engines and leased its technology to ford motors in 2009. Brief history of Ford Corporation Ford Corporation was established in 1913 by Henry Ford. Henry’s vision was to produce cars in mass. He divided the production department into unique parts. Each unit combined effectively to lead the world’s car manufacturers. The first car built by Ford was the T model, built in the Highland manufacturing office. The success of Ford Corporation positioned the company in 4th position, leading the automobile manufacturing companies. Ford Corporations have branches around the globe. Its brand of cars includes: Mercury, Lincoln navigator, Ford and Volvo. The company suffered from recession in 2010. Its sales in the US dropped by 23% while its market sales around Europe increases. The reasons for the drop in sales in the US includes  1. High cost of labour  2. Trade unions enforced high standards, such as payoffs and pensions.  3. The demand for low combustion engines. Ford Corporation dominates in large vehicles such as, Pick-up vans, SUVs. The company produced its first hybrid engines in 2009. A feat achieved through Toyota Corporation. The company estimated investment in 2010 was $500 million, the investments centered on the production of its original hybrid engines Comparative analysis between Ford Corporation and Toyota The report examines data published on websites, and annual company reports. The report analyzed the company’s liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios and market ratios. Table 1 Current Ratio       2009   2010   Mean Values Ford Corporation    2.01   1.34   1.35        Toyota Corporation  1.01   1.33   0.34        Liquidity Ratio    Ford Corporation    2.34   1.98   2.32        Toyota Corporation  0