ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Learning disabilities affect a person’s capability to comprehend a written or verbal language, perform calculations, and direct one’s attention. It also affects the ability to interpret, coordinate movement, and connect information from various parts of the brain (Gray, 2008). Teachers in inclusive classrooms face the challenge of dealing with mixed ability learners, namely, advanced, able, and struggling students. In order to deliver instructions effectively, teachers need the differentiation of instruction strategies. These strategies address the behavioral, educational, and social needs of struggling learners (Khalsa, 2005). Disabled students need different approaches to understanding diverse materials as compared to able learners. This assists them in developing their ability to its full potential. Teachers with disabled students realize how crucial it is to become flexible and open to change with the intention of responding to the educational requirements of disabled learners. Khalsa (2005) continues to say that in order to maximize the potential of learners, teachers have to use strategies that they might have had no knowledge of in the past, or which have been previously ignored. This paper identifies a direct approach as the perfect strategy to use in maximizing the learning potential of disabled students because it is a structured approach with precise instruction and the use of repetition for precise feedback and review. Direct instruction is an inclusion strategy that aids learners with disabilities and enables them to maximize their learning potential. Direct instruction and strategy instruction are the two most effective strategies in teaching learners with learning disabilities since they are both structured approaches that include repetition and explicitness (Gore, 2004). Differentiating between relevant and irrelevant information for a student with mild disabilities is difficult. The inability of a learner to discriminate information results in incorrect classifications of things, in other words, wrong identifying of something as part of a group when it is not, or excluding it all together while it is part of the group (Gray, 2008). Direct instruction is essential since it focuses explicitly on what is necessary. Therefore, learners do not have to deal with irrelevant dimensions which help to avoid confusion, memory, reasoning, and organization problems. Further, direct instruction enables students to distinguish the emotions of others, such as empathy. This enhances the relationship between able and learners with disabilities as both parties learn to understand each other. Previous research has proved that a large number of learners with disabilities have both auditory and visual perceptual problems. This means that although they see and hear well, their brains are slower at processing the information. Although direct instruction strategy does not fix their deficiencies, the stra
Introduction A film is a visual medium that attempts to portray thoughts of characters not explicitly expressed. Recognizing themes of moral crisis, criminal activities, and revenge, the director, brings life into the film, M . This thriller is based on the social and metaphysical fiction genre that captures the life of a serial killer, an outlaw, the law enforcement society, and concerned parents who are losing their children in unknown circumstances. This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the elements of plot, cinematic invisibility, narrative, sound-track, framing, and scene selection in the film, M, directed by Fritz Lang. The Plot The plot of the film is set in Berlin and portrays a mysterious serial killer called Beckert, who preys on school children. The first known victim is Elsie Beckmann, who does not reach home after school. The serial killer tricks her into following him and then kills her. In one of his paranoia episodes, the serial killer sends a compilation of his crimes to the law enforcement authority through a local newspaper. This gives the police community an opportunity to use the fingerprint and handwriting technologies to trace him. The manhunt shakes the underworld of outlaws who feel threatened by the heat placed on them by the law enforcement authority. To protect their business, the lords of the underworld recruit blind beggars who managed to reveal the killer’s identity and alerted the criminal gang. The serial killer is captured by the criminal gang, and by a twist of fate, he ends up in the custody of the law enforcement authority. Themes and Imagery Lang has created an interesting fiction premise that takes the route of a thought-provoking path of action and chase scenes. Reflectively, this creates a feeling of an imaginative casting. Factually, the storyline is far more fascinating than the film. Lang even goes ahead to include slow-motion pictures, yet the film is a high-speed genre. This adversely distracts the flow from its original, interesting, and provocative aspects (Turan, 2013). The theme of violence is fully exploited. However, the thriller misses the truly poetic orchestrations of actions and heroic displays of bravado, especially on the aspect of flow. The film has an intriguing premise on the theme of violence: characters in the film are criminals, concerned parents, disappearing children, and the law enforcement authority baying for the blood of a serial killer. The a
Introduction Electron microscopy (EM) is an essential tool for diagnostic renal biopsy in certain cases of renal disease. For instance, it has been in use for decades for pathological diagnosis of glomerular disease and its value as a significant diagnostic tool is receiving emphasis. However, its limitations in other areas of pathological diagnosis like tumor pathology and its cost has seen the electron microscopy receive its own share of back lashing (Amann and Haas 2). There are some cases of renal conditions which need more insightful studies before a treatment procedure is arrived at. For a long time, light microscopy has been used to diagnose renal pathology and with the collaboration of immunofluorescence findings, most renal disease can be diagnosed accurately and reliably. However, certain types of glomerular disease are essentially diagnosed by electron microscopy and in other cases renal studies by light microscopy and immunofluorescence findings require the confirmation of electron microscopy. Main Body Most studies carried out to find out the need for routine use of electron microscopy in diagnosis of renal pathology were done in the sixties. In the course of time, the uses of electron microscopy in diagnosis of renal biopsies have since changed in at least three ways;  1. the cost implications of the medical practice have shifted dramatically due to the pressure to minimize the number of high cost studies. Electron microscopy is an expensive medical practice which is equivalent to the light microscopy and immunofluorescence studies combined together,  2. contrary to the habitual diagnosis in the sixties when the application of electron microscopy was considered an almost obligatory diagnostic technique in renal biopsy, immunofluorescence is now employed in generalized form, and  3. several variants of recently described glomerular diseases need ultrastructural studies for their correct classification. Most renal diseases can be precisely diagnosed without electron microscopy. However, this requires an adequate and correctly processed tissue sample with optimal stains and optimal immunofluorescence. “Thin glomerular basement membrane disease, minimal change disease, fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulonephritis and Alport syndrome are some of the glomerular diseases which necessarily require electron microscopy for precise diagnosis” (Amann and Haas 3). Additionally, it has proved to be helpful in the diagnosis of other glomerular diseases even though it’s not essential in such cases but helpful to the light microscopy and immunofluorescence findings. “Minimal change glomerular disease requires an ultrastructural diagnosis and it requires the electron microscopy more than any other glomerulopathy” (Pearson et al 2). Immunofluorescence gives doubtful diagnosis in some renal biopsies and the findings of light microscopy alone cannot help arrive at final diagnoses. In this case, an ultrastructural study using an electron microscope is used. Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the value of electron microscopy in diagnosis of renal pathology whereb
In every part of the world, the health of a country’s population is of critical importance for the development of the particular country. A healthy people translate to a more productive nation and in return better placement economically. To analyze the health status of people, medical surveys have to be carried out on the people. The outcomes are based on different research factors. In this paper, these factors will be discussed in the context of conducting health outcomes research. In almost every health-related research, three factors are almost mandatory: Demographic, social, and psychological factors. These are somehow inseparable and sometimes they overlap other factors. Starting with demographic factors; we know that demography is the study of the population (Weeks, 6); therefore, demographic factors are those that relate to the population in general. These include age, gender, race, residence, social-economic status, and marital status. These affect the outcome differently, either independently or dependently. Age means different things to different people but the nature of research in question will dictate what we mean by age. Chronologically, children and older adults are more vulnerable to certain diseases than middle aged individuals and also their recovery is slower. Where a person lives whether urban or rural, suburbs or slums etc. affects his/her health outcome. This is dictated by the level of exposure due to the surrounding, distance from a healthcare facility or even the ability to access it. The larger built surrounding has an impact on health and safety (William 1564). A race refers to a community of people living in a specified geographical location and who share a common genetic origin. This may affect the outcome, especially when it comes to hereditary diseases or those associated with the environment. However, race and ethnicity are two different things and therefore in research outcomes, one should be careful to treat them differently. Marital status is the state of being married, single, divorced or widowed. It has an impact on outcomes with married people faring much better. The social-economic status is defined in terms of residence, income, education, occupation, and social capital (Rossi and Oakes 770). It affects outcomes associated with a variety of health issues such as cardiovascular disease. Secondly, we have psychological factors which define the mind-body connection. The effects of these are felt in particular areas of study. These factors include the general well-being which is measured as the general well-being schedule. Another thing is the locus of control which according to Rotter is an outgrowth of psychological work on proficiency and efficacy, but there are different conceptualizations of control among individuals and as a result different measures of control, (25). Affect refers to states of the mind and body. Measures of effect should be sensitive enough to detect any change in these states (Lieberson, 98). Depression as observed by Shaver and Brennan is the commonest mental health disorder in the US, (14). Different instruments are available
Introduction Epic heroes are considered to be referred to as the most important figures in history and literature, representing the best human qualities and traits, illustrating proper morals and values, and teaching the reader what it means to be a fair, honorable, and respectable person. As a rule, epic heroes symbolize numerous cultural and religious beliefs of a nation. Gilgamesh from the Epic of Gilgamesh, Achilles, and Agamemnon from The Iliad , and Beowulf from the epic Beowulf may serve as the best examples of epic characters, which represent the image of a hero properly and clearly; the analysis of the epics will allow evaluating the contrast between the morals and temptation, wealth and nobility, status and desire to protect the world from the foes. Characters’ Criticism The analysis of epic characters is to be stated from the detailed overview of the basic concepts disclosed in the old English poem ‘Beowulf’ ; the Anglo-Saxon epic is considered to be the reflection of the great hero story fighting for justice and national values. The hero presentation in epic literature provides the perception of the work as the tale about battles, revenge, heroism, honor, and God. The prince Beowulf is presented as a hero fighting a Dragon and Grendel’s mother, helping the king of the Danes to get rid of the foes. The epic underlines several Anglo-Saxon elements characterizing the depth of its character illustration through the morals of that period; the concepts of wealth and honor are considered to be of great importance in Beowulf’s image disclosure. It is necessary to stress the idea that the status is the principle identification of the characters; as it is the status that is the determination of honor in the Anglo-Saxon culture. The elements of wealth and honor in the characters’ description were not only identified through their status and richness but based on fame and accomplishments. It should be noted that the bright example of important measurement in Anglo-Saxon culture is the king of Danes, Hrothgar. One can observe from the very beginning of the work, that the importance and wealth of the character are described as the ability to lead the people to glory. The status of the Danes’ defender is one more significant characteristic of the epic character in Beowulf. ‘Our Holy Father had sent [Beowulf] as a sign of His grace, a mark of His favor, to help us defeat Grendel and end that terror’ (Liuzza, 281) Beowulf is depicted as the messiah symbolizing the chance given to the people being saved from the evil; this image is described through the good in the character’s heart and strong desire to follow the key mission of his life. It is necessary to underline the fact that Beowulf was represented through a perfect picture of a courageous person, who wanted to gain recognition and fame using noble actions. According to Laurence Looze, 1984, the concentration on Christian elements was brightly illustrated through numerous symbolism used in the characters’ descriptions and goddesses. The symbol of corruption and evil is presented
In chapter 5 of his book, “Rumi’s World: The Life and Work of The Great Sufi Poet”, Schimmel explores Maulana’s thoughts about God and His creation. He refers to God as the hidden treasure (Schimmel 73). According to Maulana, God is infinite and omnipresent. Although man can never reach God’s essence, on the other hand, God listens to mankind’s prayers. Maulana also argues that our God is the God of the Koran and the source of love. God’s existence cannot be proven by intellectual and/or logical means. He is the hidden treasure. God had to create the world so that man can know him. Schimmel describes God as a treasure of beauty and mercy. He further opines that God is inexhaustible (Schimmel 74). The world is a mirror of God’s beauty; he is the one who decided when to create the world and He manifests himself to mankind through His majesty, power, and beauty. God’s duality is inherent in his creation (Schimmel 75). For example, He expands and presses together. He can lower and raise. He takes life away and He gives life back. God is overpowering and loving. He manifests himself in new epiphanies (Schimmel 76). His grace is hidden in wrath. For example, he can destroy and rebuild as well. Although God despises sin, He requires sinners so that He can show His forgiveness and mercy. God’s beauty and majesty, His kindness and love form the woof and wrap of life. Justice is one of God’s innate qualities. Some people are blessed and happy and appear destined to paradise while others endure affliction, suffering and pain and appear destined to hell. This is a testament to God’s glory and majesty. Getting to know God is the greatest blessing man could ever hope for. God is a wise Creator who is always aware of the needs of His creatures (Sch
Wal-Mart has recently announced that the company is terminating its agreement with Bharti Enterprises, an Indian conglomerate (Riley n.p.). The American multinational company will not cooperate with the Indian conglomerate and the two companies will develop on their own. Notably, Wal-Mart has operated in India for decades. However, the recent agreement is one of the signs of the company’s expansion slowdown. Notably, the company will still operate in the region. For instance, the company’s CEO stresses that Indian market is still growing as lots of families shift to the middle class (Riley n.p). At the same time, the company’s representatives note that the Indian government has enacted laws and regulations which make it difficult for a foreign company to operate in the region effectively. Admittedly, this event can have a number of implications regionally as well as globally. At this point, it is necessary to note that this slowdown is a sign of the ongoing trend. Indian government strives for supporting national businesses. Such giant as Wal-Mart is still able to operate in the region, but smaller (national) business will have more opportunities. Thus, Indian market will have more national retailers. Notably, multinationals will still be present in the market and this will favorably affect the market as there will be the necessary competition which always leads to development. At the same time, Wal-Mart may consider the possibility of expanding to other markets. As for India, Wal-Mart may try to develop new strategies to make the existing facilities more efficient. There are chances that Wal-Mart will focus on western markets. The slowdown of Wal-Mart’s expansion can also make other western companies reluctant to enter Indian market. As far as I am concerned, Wal-Mart’s decision to terminate cooperation with some of Indian companies can provide a variety of opportunities for national businesses in the region. Wal-Mart has had a significant impact on the development of Indian market. It even dictated certain approaches, but the Indian government has changed the trend. The corporation will still be present in the market. However, it will have to cope with a number of limitations and restrictions imposed by the government. At the same time, national business that has learnt a lot from such multinationals as Wal-Mart will grow stronger and will become more competitive. The Wal-Mart’s expansion slow-down will favorably affect the Indian market and economy as national companies will be more competitive and efficient. As for Wal-Mart, the company will have to go back to western markets. The expansion slowdown can pose certain threats as the company is likely to have losses. Clearly, the multinational has to develop new strategies to be able to remain competitive and efficient. Exp
Introduction The Edo period also known as the Tokugawa period is the period between 1603-1868 in the Japanese history when Japan was under the Tokugawa Shogunate rule who had divided the country into 300 regions known as Daimyos. Tokugawa leyasu officially opened the era on March, 24, 1603 while Tokugawa yoshinobu resigned on May, 3 1868 after the Meiji restoration. The Tokugawa family ruled Japan from their base in Edo (currently Tokyo). The post of Emperor was more ceremonial during the Edo era (Patricia 60). Tokugawa leyasu supported foreign trade but he was also suspicious of the influence of the outsiders during the pre-Edo period; Japan underwent the Nanban trade era during which the intense interaction with the European powers took place, namely, economic and religious. Trade restrictions, Christian missionary execution and Spanish expulsion were some of the restrictions that were enforced. The Closed Country Edict in 1635 was the climax of all the restrictions because of the following:   * Set highly strict regulations to minimize the movement of people into and out of the Japanese territory; death penalty was the consequence.   * Catholicism and all Christian practices were forbidden; Missionaries were also barred from entering Japan, and harsh sentences were drawn for those who entered.   * Trade restrictions were set; trade along ports was consequently limited. Portuguese relations with Japan were completely cut off (Alfred 138). The Edo period was marked by the urban culture in Japan, for instance, Edo became the largest city on earth during those times with a population of 1.2 million residents as compared to the second largest place, London, with 800,000 residents. The period also experienced the rise of entertainment culture such as theaters or humorous novels. Ordinary residents were also able to gain access to print media following the polychrome woodblocks development. People were also interested in learning more about Europe and all its sciences, commonly known as “Dutch learning” despite the minimal contact between Japan and the Western world (Alfred 100). Arrival of Matthew Calbraith Perry and his four-ship fleet along the Edo Bay in July 1853 marked the end of the seclusion period in Japan. Japan finally accepted Perry’s demands to ending seclusion and opening up to foreign trade, consequently, the Treaty of Kanagawa that opened-up two ports (Hakodate and the port of Shimoda) to foreign American ships was signed (Administration, United States. National Archives and Records 1-4). Five years after the Treaty of Kanagawa, the Harris treaty was signed between Japan and the US. The Kanagawa treaty became a catalyst factor of internal conflicts, which were only solved after the Tokugawa shogunate’s fall; similar agreements were negotiated