ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Even though people have already overcome the challenges of racial or gender discrimination, the question of ageism, the cases of discrimination against people based on their age, is still open and undergoes several discussions (Gullette, 2011; Tapia, 2015). The results that can be observed from the tables prove the urgency of the chosen concept and the necessity to pay more attention to the conditions under which people can be discriminated against in regards to their age. The three first tables focus on the demographic facts. One of them shows that there are more Caucasian/White people in comparison to other groups such as African American, Asian, American Indian, etc. Another informs about the fact that more people find it enough to have a college degree. The frequency of the choices proves that people want to have some degrees to use them in the future. Still, people are not bothered by the necessity to have specialized degrees but rely on the level of knowledge gained in colleges. The table “Interaction Groups” show that grandparents (older people) and extended family members constitute more than half of the population under analysis. There are many representatives of other groups that are also considered: professors, fellow students, co-workers, etc. There are more female adults because even the WHO stats show that female life expectancy is about 70.43 years in comparison to the male one that is 66.39 years (“World demographics profile, 2014). Q2-3 table informs that “somewhat disagree with the fact that older people have the same opportunities and choices as young people have” answers have the highest frequency. The graph of Q2-3 informs that people with bachelor’s degrees strongly disagree with the fact that young and old people have the same chances. These results can be explained by the fact that men face challenges in the job market, and companies do not want to hire people as soon as they pass a certain age (Tapia, 2015). The tables Q2-6 and Q2-7 show that people somewhat agree with the fact that older people may be recognized, respected, understood, and supported in some way; still, the level of sympathy and understanding of ageism is not enough to prove the role of older people in society. Older people are not able to find good jobs even if they have the required portion of qualities and knowledge. As soon as the identification of the age takes place, many people lose their chances and have to give way to younger people regarding their amb
Abstract Cancer remains one of the major health challenges affecting the global community today. Researchers and scientists have observed that new cancer types have been recorded within the past four decades. One of these malignancies affecting humankind is colorectal cancer. This paper gives a detailed analysis of colorectal cancer. The essay outlines the disease’s etiology, causes, diagnosis, prognosis, risk factors, treatment methods, and prevalence. The presented information can help healthcare workers design appropriate health delivery models capable of supporting the needs of more people in the world. Name of the Cancer and Etiology The name of targeted cancer for this assignment is colorectal cancer. This type of cancer usually starts in the rectum or colon (Sancho, 2007). These body parts constitute the lower part of the human digestive system. The role of the colon is to absorb nutrients and water from the stool before i
Introduction Pre-sentence investigation report refers to the kind of investigation report that is carried out to determine the various aspects of the history of a convicted person. The investigation is carried out with the aim of determining the level of education of the person, health (physical and mental) and also the employment of the convicted person. Such kind of investigation is considered useful in that it can help to determine the extent of the sentence which can be imposed on a person. Additionally, this information can also act as exhibit for the kind of crime that is committed by the convicted person. This paper will discuss the purpose, content, and collection of information contained in the pre-sentence investigation report. Discussion The pre-sentence investigation report is useful as it provides the basis for a court determine the sentence for a convicted person. This investigation is particularly useful in that it provides the legal and factual issues that are necessary to determine a sentence. As noted by Maveal (1995) “the prison will use information in the report to designate the institution where the offender will serve the sentence and determine the offender’s eligibility or need for specific correctional programs”. The report contained in the investigation report is also considered useful since it can be used to determine the date on which the convicted person can be released depending on the jurisdiction provided. The information contained in the report is also useful in that it helps the probation officer in charge of the convicted person to undertake an assessment of what is needed for the person and what types of risks are likely to be encountered when handling the person. Future research on criminal cases are based on the current cases, therefore, a presentence investigation report can provide the basis for future research (Yates & Herrick, 2001). The presentence investigation report contains a detailed report about the personal record of the convicted person. To begin with, the report contains the identification data of a person; this is the information about the gender, physical description and the names of the person. In addition to the personal identification data, the report also contains the information regarding to the family of the convicted person. Such information provides information regarding to the characteristics of the other relatives of the convicted person. The economic status of the convicted person is investigated by determining the kind of o
I have selected the speech I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King, as it had a significant impact on the historical state and raised the concerns about the equality in the United States of America (Araujo 6; King par. 1). It could be said that the primary goal of the paper is to examine the effectiveness of the speech while evaluating the impact on the audience, occasion, speaker, and the lines of the speech. In the end, the conclusions are drawn to underline the primary findings of the assessment. It remains apparent that Martin Luther King was a well-known political leader, who addressed the issues related to freedom and the necessity to unify the American nation to overcome the difficulties (Kirk 1). Despite the prohibition of slavery and the declaration of the Emancipation Proclamation, the disparity was still regarded as a problem, as the minorities were discriminated and a huge gap remained between the social classes. King highlights these issues by using the phrase “one hundred years later” (King par. 3). It was critical to shed the light on the problem in the existing situation, and the speaker selected the best time and audience to ensure the delivery of his message to the masses. In this case, the leader opts for the march for jobs and freedoms to deliver the speech, as the occasion supported the perception of the necessity of equality and freedoms in different social spheres (Flowers 363; Dyson 314). The audience was represented by the regular workers, who were the representatives of different ethnicities (Kuypers 109). It could be said that the listeners were encouraged to take part in the occasion, as the citizens had an opportunity to protect their rights and improve the working conditions by expressing their opinions about this matter. In this instance, a combination of these factors emphasizes that the leader selected suitable time for the presentation, as the audience shared the similar interests and desired to change the current condition in the country. Despite the appropriateness of the event chosen for the speech delivery, the verbal language, linguistic structures, and the personal characteristics of the leader defined its effectiveness. King often used ‘we’ and ‘Negro’ to underline the connection with the audience and the existent distinction between the social classes (King par. 1). Nonetheless, the line that stands out to me the most is “Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”, as it summarizes the primary points of discussion and provokes the audience to change the world (King par. 30). It could be said that this phrase also received a high response in the public, as it used the correlation with God and highlighted the possibility to make the world a better place. The workers were screaming in happiness, as this speech gave them hope to pursue their dreams. In the end, it could be said that the effectiveness of the speech by Martin Luther King cannot be underestimated, as it received great support in the audience while highlighting that the
The study of emotions has attracted the attention of many philosophers and scholars in various fields. There has been an attempt to have a clear definition of the events that take place within the mind before one gets emotional. As Evans (56) notes, emotions involve the feelings developed when one is subjected to a given environment. Some of the greatest philosophers who dedicated their time to the study emotions include Epicurus and Aristotle. The two philosophers studied emotions to determine some of the common causes of this mental state, and the events that take place in the mind before one becomes emotional. In this study, the researcher will analyze emotions in light of Epicurus, Stoicism, and Aristotle’s writings. Epicurus View of Emotion Epicurus analyzed emotions from the perspective of the presence or absence of suffering. As Rolls (57) notes, Epicurus argued that emotions would largely be considered as the presence of happiness or suffering. An individual who is experiencing any form of suffering would be sad. Sadness as emotion would be as a result of the absence of pleasure. This philosopher argued that pleasure and suffering are two extremes that can never be experienced at the same time with equal measures. If an individual is exposed to factors that bring pleasure and suffering at the same time, one of the two will dominate the other. The pleasure can be so great that it becomes easy to ignore the suffering. In such a case, an individual would remain happy even in the presence of suffering. Conversely, the pain can be so great that it becomes easier to ignore the presence of pleasure. In this case, an individual would be sad despite the presence of pleasure. In society, the two extremes of emotion will always be presented to an individual at every stage in life. According to Epicurus, an individual would always find himself in the face of pleasure or pain. In some rare occasions, one may not have control over which of the two factors he or she would face. However, it is most of the occasions, one would have the capacity to choose between the two. One may choose to suffer as a way of generating more pleasure in the future. For instance, when an individual is presented with an amount of money that is way beyond the current needs, he may choose to spend the money in leisure or invest it in business. At that particular moment, the choice of investing the money would bring suffering. That individual would be forced to dedicate his or her time and energy to the new project. On the other hand, if an individual decides to spend the money, he would get pleasure. The pleasure would be spent in many ways depending on the way that an indivi
The most important evidence for this case is the DNA results. The weakness of DNA tests is that they are capable of perpetrating injustice. DNA results focus the whole case on physical evidence. The tests also downplay the considerations of reasonable doubt, quality of police work, and essential elements of a trial, such as the presumption of innocence and motive. The lawyers in O.J. Simpson ’s case managed to prove to the jury that DNA results could have been planted or mishandled. Thus, there are high possibilities for the trial court to cast doubt over DNA results. The fact that John’s DNA results match the crime blood DNA results does not prove beyond reasonable doubt that he is responsible for Sally’s murder. Even though the prosecution can use the DNA results as evidence against John, the defense lawyers may argue that the sample profile could match the profile of many other suspects. This argument is in line with the testimony of Sally’s friend who stated that Sally talked of living around drug addicts and violent gangs. The facts show that John usually showed disrespect for women and became violent when they turned down his offers. John’s ex-girlfriend testifies that he almost killed her when they broke up. Although this evidence helps show that John is often violent towards women, it does not link his violent actions to the rape and murder of Sally. Jenny testifies that Sally’s arms and eyes showed that someone had been hitting her. This testimony does not lead to a strong conviction that John was the one hitting Sally. Although their relationship was on and off, Sally never complained that John was assaulting her. The time John finished having dinner with Sally was almost the same time Sally was raped and murdered. John confesses that he argued with Sally before leaving the apartment and driving around for a while. John’s roommate also testifies that John came back to their shared apartment at around 1 A.M. or later. This fact, together with John’s testimony that he was with Sally at around 12 A.M., almost places John at the scene of the crime. The blood sample on the knife that was used to slash Sally matches John’s blood profile. John, however, claims that he only used the knife at dinner with Sally. There is a chance that after dinner, John and Sally engaged in an argument, and John decided to assault Sally. The defense lawyers may base their argument on the testimonies of John’s roommate and football colleagues that he is a good person and not capable of harming Sally. The defense lawyers could argue that the prosecution coached John’s ex-girlfriend and friends to testify against him. Furthermore, there is no evidence to prove John’s motive to commit murder. The only tangible evidence that the prosecution can rely on is forensic evidence. The criminal justice system is increasingly using DNA test results as conclusive evidence. The court is likely to accept DNA test results that have been properly handled while under police custody. Detective Smith and his colleagues should be able to show that they have not tainted, switched, or subjected
Introduction This essay presents a list of sustenance amenities and researches for people with PTSD. Moreover, it will provide information towards how easy or difficult it was to detect PTSD assets and facilities in the area and categorize several breaches in the public in relations of assets and facilities for those individuals who have lived through shock and are in danger of emerging PTSD. List of sustenance amenities and researches for people with PTSD Beras, E. (2013). With community violence, post-traumatic stress can be a hidden wound. This article reveals the story of Rachel Zwipf, who is moving to another town due to the terrible events that happened to her family. Judith Cohen, who is a medical worker, provides her commentaries on the case. She has treated a lot of individuals of different age; still she claims that the academics are still acquiring knowledge about the way the brain and body retort to shock in infantile and mature age. One of the effects they are aware of is that when an individual is confronted with hazard, their brain appears to be redone to assume menace. It stops responding as if the domain around people is harmless (Beras, 2013). Hudenko, W., Homaifar, B. & Wortzel, H. (2012). The relationship between PTSD and suicide. The given research investigates the connection among PTSD and suicide and delivers material that assists in comprehending suicide. A vast amount of study designates that there is an association between a lot of sorts of distress and suicidal actions (Hudenko, Homaifar & Wortzel, 2012). For instance, there is an indication that distressing proceedings such as infantile cruelty can upsurge an individual’s suicide menace. A record of army sexual ordeal upsurges the hazard for suicide and deliberate self-damage as well, proposing a necessity to monitor for suicide hazard in this populace. Jaffe, G. (2012). New name for PTSD could mean less stigma. The army field marshals and psychoanalysts are involved in a passionate discussion over whether to alter the definition of a disorder as longstanding as fighting.. The comparatively forthright application that instigated with the Army of the United States has elevated the new-fangled inquiries towards the reasons of PTSD, the best method to approach the disorder and the fences that stops people from receiving assistance and support. The alteration can have the foremost fiscal insinuations for health guarantors and national incapacity entitlements as well (Jaffe, 2012). Tucker, D. (2009). Domestic violence, PTSD and brain injury: Military and civilian challenges – Part 1. The author investigates the soldierly and non-combatant challenges offered by home fierceness and performance, which is more frequently related to PTSD or TBI, in cases when they are attributable to involvements in a soldierly scenery or some other impact, for example, being
Introduction The two terms chosen for this guided research are “mental illness” and “mental imagery”. Both terms are very different but somewhat related as will be explained in the research findings. Mental Illness Philosophy is interested in mental illness because it raises special questions that society as a whole must deal with. Questions like the following are often asked:   * Are people with mental illness responsible for their behavior?   * Are people with mental illness responsible for symptomatic behavior?   * Can mentally ill people be held responsible for crimes they might commit?   * Is society responsible for caring for the mentally ill? These are just some of the questions that may be asked. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy asks whether or not there is an objective way to classify mental illnesses. Psychiatrists do use a guide called the DSM IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1994). This handbook lists the different mental disorders and their diagnostic criteria. There are many different mental illnesses and different criterion for each. For example, to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder a patient must meet the following criteria:   * Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.   * A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation.   * Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self.   * Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging.   * Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.   * Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood.   * Chronic feelings of emptiness.   * Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger.   * Transient, stress–related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms. The term “mental illness” encompasses many disorders of the brain or mind. Mental illness can be very mild or very severe. Dysthymia is a mild form of depression and is easily treated while schizophrenia can be a severe mental illness and is often a devastating diagnosis. Generally speaking, a person does not choose to be mentally ill. But, a mentally ill person can choose whether or not to take medications or consent to treatment that will make their condition better (not cured). Mental illness is a chronic mental malfunction (Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Online Premium Edition). This is not to be confused with temporary mental malfunctions that occur with other illnesses such as delusions with a high fever. Although according to this reference (Oxford) the question of causation of mental illness is that it may be a byproduct of physical or bodily illness. On the other hand this reference points out that mental illness may be “a self contained locus of illness”. Certainly many of those hospitalized with mental illness often have no
Introduction The Cyprus issue has been a major part of Turkey’s political agenda since 1974 with nationalistic sentiments and security concerns dominating the discourse about the problem. The importance of Cyprus to Turkey has remained significant with Turkey consistently asserting its national interests in Cyprus. According to the Turkish ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Cyprus is an issue involving Turkey’s vital national and strategic interests” 1 . The Turkish government has therefore invested significant amount of effort and commitment to the issue. Even so, there have been significant changes in Turkey’s handling of the Cyprus dispute as a result of moves by Turkey towards greater democratization. These moves have primarily been as a result of progress towards EU membership by Turkey. Turkey has undertaken substantial reforms to conform with the Copenhagen criteria which are a prerequisite to becoming an EU member state. In addition to this, Turkey has displayed considerable enthusiasm to resolving the Cyprus conflict. This paper will assess how Turkey’s greater democratization has and continues to influence the handling of the Cyprus dispute. This paper shall discuss how Turkey’s greater democratization has influenced the positive steps towards resolution of the Cyprus dispute. The paper shall demonstrate that by offering Turkey the possibility of full-EU membership, the EU propelled profound changes in Turkey’s domestic and foreign policy. Brief Historical Overview of Turkey Modern day Turkey traces its roots to the Ottoman Empire which was a powerful and important player in the European state system. This powerful entity was brought to an end following World War I and Istanbul was occupied by British and French forces. However, The Turks managed to gain freedom from European occupation under the 1920 Treaty of Sevres. The modern Republic of Turkey was subsequently founded in October 1923 and its present day borders established. 2 Turkey differs significantly from the other EU constituents in that it is not Christian, does not share Europe’s G