ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Walt Whitman is one of the greatest poets who make people take notice of all wonders of the world. In his poem “This Compost” Whitman reveals the miracle of renovation of nature which is taken for granted by most of people. Moreover, this optimistic work gives hope to all those who fail to believe in the future of humanity on the Earth. In the first place, it is important to point out that Whitman considers issues which are ignored by many. Even the poet himself admits that he did not pay attention to one of the most startling miracles of nature: “Something startles me where I thought I was safest” (Whitman 512). Nonetheless, his unique perception of reality draws his attention to a great puzzle – nature regeneration. Many people do not even think of the paradox – many rotten substances (like dead plants or carcasses of animals and human corpses) go into the Earth, but instead of total contamination and decay of the planet there is flourishing of newborn organisms. Only few people admit that it is a great wonder. Perhaps, humanity is accustomed to such a phenomenon as filter. People simply think of the scientific part of the issue. Whitman who has the sixth sense notices the wonder in it and exclaims: “What chemistry!” (513). His poem which reveals the mystery and beauty of renovation of the Earth makes people cherish their planet. Apart from this Whitman gives hope to those who think that humanity has no future. He describes terrifying things noting that millions of dead and thick organisms are “swallowed” by the earth. Whitman expresses an idea, shared by many, that the earth should be contaminated by various illnesses. Surprisingly, it is “clean forever and forever” (Whitman 514). The poet praises mysterious ability of the earth to regenerate and give new life. He is very opti
Background Overview Essentially, sexual violence has become one of the most important concerns in the contemporary world. Importantly, this has become a critical concern when it comes to the social welfare of women because they are the most affected. The traditional disregard for women and gender have contributed to the increasing cases of sexual assaults around the world. It cannot be disputed that sexual violence is a result of social, personal, and psychological factors that affect people’s behaviors in society. According to a report that was released by the Department of Justice in 2013, 176,630 people in the USA are victims of rape and sexual violence (Brown, 2012). Although this population is approximately 0.1 percent of the USA’s population, the number is substantial, especially when dealing with a first-world country. In this light, therefore, this paper seeks to discuss the issue of rape extensively. It will provide a definition of rape, identify its dynamics, and discuss some of the social, cultural, as well as psychological factors that affect rape. In addition, the paper will present some of the possible preventative measures which can be used to inhibit various kinds of rape that including data and acquaintance rapes. Definition of Rape Understandably, there are many definitions of rape that essentially differ according to the scope and orientation. However, basically, rape is committing sexual intercourse unlawfully or penetrating the mouth, anus, or vagina of another individual forcefully or otherwise without the permission of the victim. Evidently, the lack or existence of permission is the crucial determinant of whether the intercourse is a rape case or not. In other words, when the sexual intercourse or penetration is done with the consent of the partner, the act is not a rape case. On the contrary, if the intercourse or the penetration is done without the consent of the victim, the act becomes a rape case. The Dynamic of Rape The dynamics of rape have been researched and documen
Research Design Primary Research Primary research approach for the study was carried out through questionnaires and focus groups. The questionnaire survey and focus group were designed to obtain an inclusive understanding of the consumer’s approach related to celebrity endorsement. It was deliberated and implemented to understand the basic aim that was to what extent the celebrity endorsement in advertising is influencing the consumer behavior. In today’s world celebrities acts as representatives, in order to support and advertise brands, products and ideas. Therefore, the primary research clarified the fact that whether or not celebrity endorsement is more effectual than non celebrity endorsement. Furthermore, with the help of this survey it also highlighted that to what extend identified theories in celebrity endorsement explains and reflects consumer behavior. The purpose of this research was to study the factors affecting consumers while purchasing products, and to find out the intensity of being endorsed by the celebrity related advertisements. It is imperative to realize that most of the questions in the survey questionnaire were designed in such a manner that the answer structures were closed ended. On the other hand, open ended questions were also provided to the focus groups. The purposes of maintaining the closed ended answer structure was to facilitate in the processing and subsequent analysis of the findings. The answer scale was designed to function in a multiple choice format for the respondents. Where as in focus groups, open ended questions were created which made it easier and feasible for the respondents to share their viewpoints by elaborating and explaining with examples. Sampling The survey questionnaires were constructed to collect information from a potentially huge number of respondents. Questionnaires are the only reasonable way to achieve a number of assessors large enough to allocate statistically analysis of the results. The questionnaires were conducted by a total of 350 respondents. Young men and women aged between 16-25 years were asked to fill out the close ended questions of the survey. Only school and college students were targeted, as they are the vital consumers who are highly influenced by celebrities and advertisement messages. The main goal of this research was to address the main aspects of celebrity endorsement in advertisements. Question 6 and 8 were the most critical questions in the survey, as it emphasized upon the persuasiveness of messages being conveyed through advertisements. Whereas, in question 8 it highlighted the effectiveness of celebrity endorsed advertisement and non celebrity endorsed advertisements. On the other hand, focus groups were also conducted. Focus group comes under the category of qualitative research. These focus groups were carried out to understand people’s ideas, beliefs, thoughts and perceptions towards advertisements, medium channels and celebrity endorsement. Four focus groups were carried out with a group of 8 participants in each focus group interview. The composition of the f
Currently, it is possible to say that Nigeria has made a remarkable progress from the point where it was thirty years ago and to its contemporary stature on the world stage. Nevertheless, a significant number of problems remain challenging for Nigeria such as poverty, hunger, conflicts, and a high burden of disease. The last one is highly influenced by population’s relation to health, knowledge of hygiene rules, development level of medicine, and environmental condition. Among leading causes of the burden of disease in Nigeria, it is possible to mention poverty, insufficient sanitary arrangements, poor health care standards, and low public concern over health and medicine which can be considered at the same time as the primary risk factor contributing to the burden of disease. Life expectancy in Nigeria remains consistently low – 62.9 years for male compared with 66.3 for female. Meanwhile, in the USA these indexes reach 76.3 and 81.3 years respectively (“Life Expectancy All Races,” 2014). Concerning the diseases that caused the most deaths in Nigeria in 2015, it is possible to mention malaria (mortality rate is 150.1 per 100,000), lower respiratory tract infection (92.3 per 100,000), hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias (69.0 per 100,000). Besides, there are also diarrheal diseases (35.4 per 100,000) and neonatal encephalopathy (34.9 per 100,000) (HealthGrove by GraphiQ, 2013). More than that, Nigeria is a part of sub-Saharan Africa that is severely affected by HIV – almost 1.5 million of people got infected in this area in 2013 (United Nations Department of Public Information, 2015, p. 2). Undoubtedly, poverty, poor housing conditions, lack of clean water and adequate medical care, unsanitary con
The USA has been an example of a democratic society where people have equal rights and opportunities. However, the US equality has often been questioned. Admittedly, there can be no equality in a segregated society. The Civil Rights Movement is regarded as a successful campaign. Though, segregation is still in many areas (or rather most areas) in the USA. Rosenthal and Mayo (2012) claim that a new Seattle school plan contributes to the increase in segregated areas in the city and its suburbs. Clearly, such racial groups as African Americans will not be able to pay for buses to attend schools in better areas (noteworthy, these schools are also considered to be better than those in poorer areas). These children will have fewer educational opportunities and this will inevitably lead to fewer job opportunities for them in future. Therefore, it is possible to note that the new school plan can negatively affect development of the city as it will contribute to development of a highly segregated society. To consider the impact of the new school program, it is necessary to take a closer look at such theoretical perspective as urban ecology. This theoretical perspective helps better understand the processes and trends existing in the city (Crowder, n.d., p. 3). According to this perspective, some social groups tend to dominate certain areas. Historically, more well-to-do areas have been dominated by the white population, while poorer areas have been populated by African Americans. In this respect, it is obvious that it is vital for African American young population to have an opportunity to leave the poorer neighborhoods. Young African Americans can go to better schools in other areas so that they have more educational opportunities in future. Admittedly, schools in more prosperous neighborhoods tend to provide better educational services and students of these schools often enter colleges and/or universities, and this, in its turn, helps them get better jobs. Nonetheless, the new program deprives children and young people from poorer neighborhoods of such educational opportunities (Rosenthal & Mayo, 2012). Population of poorer neighborhoods can become confined to their neighborhoods as, obviously, they are unable to pay extra money for transport. In the end, this program will become one of the major factors contributing to residential segregation, i.e. distribution of certain social groups into separate areas (Lecture 9, p.1). Salaries, real estate prices, educational opportunities are some of the factors that affect residential segregation. It may seem that diversity is no longer one of the priorities of officials. On balance, it is possible to note that the new school program in Seattle can have a number of negative effects. Unfortunately, segregation still persists in the American society and such progra
As a method of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR), mediation is used as a way for parties to work towards a mutually acceptable agreement. According to Lau and Johnson (2019), in mediation, authority to settle the dispute is not vested in a neutral party. Instead, the parties themselves have an ability to even terminate the mediation in cases of them believing it is not working. Mediation only suits those who wish to participate in the process and is aimed at achieving a win-win result for the parties concerned. Therefore, mediation as a preferred ADR seems to be a perfect option to solve disputes between employees and their employers regarding, for instance, workplace conditions or promotion grievances. The reason for that is that it is in the interest of both parties to resolve the issue in such a way that the other one remains satisfied. In the case of examples mentioned above, the employer is likely to want to settle a problem without losing a valuable asset. While the employee is likely to want to have their objection addressed without either losing their job or falling out of favor with their boss. Like all dispute resolution forms, mediation has
Characteristics of Tracy Flick and Jim McAllister Election (1999) film is a comedy film version of the 1998 novel titled Election by Tom Perrotta. Election is one of the most recognized best films in America and beyond having received several awards including the best actress award, best film award and best screenplay award. Election as a comedy film depicts high school life in the suburban presented through politics and school election race. The film narrates the success struggle story between Jim McAllister, a popular high school teacher in, suburban Omaha Nebraska and Tracy Flick, a student in the same school, featured in student body elections. McAllister is involved with several school-related functions in order to forget his frustrations with other aspects of his life like marriage. Tracy, an overachiever carries the obsession of joining a good college after completing her high school education and is willing to go any length to achieve her goals. She is brought out in Election as an over-ambitious, vindictive and manipulative character. At the beginning of the film, Tracy is involved with her teacher, Dave, who ended up suffering the consequences as he is fired from his job and his wife divorces him as well. In the contrary, Tracy gets away scot-free with no punishment. Instead, Tracy is nominated for class president in the school election, a gesture that annoys McAllister given that she made Dave, McAllister’s friend, lost his job. So he tries his best to stop her from winning by introducing another candidate in the race as she was set to run unopposed. According to him, Tracy has to be taught a lesson. Paul Metzer, a polite football player, becomes Tracy’s opponent not because he wanted to participate in election, but rather because of circumstances. He broke his leg and was thus unable to play at that time so McAllister took the advantage to convince him to register for election. Tracy’s malicious behavior is farther shown one day when she tries putting up one of her posters, but accidentally tears it. In return, she vented her anger in Paul’s campaign posters and destroys all of them. When confronted about it the next day, she claims innocence and even threatens to sue the school for false accusations. She knows that if she’s found out she might be withdrawn from the race or even be expelled and she can’t afford that. In a twist of events, Tammy, Paul’s sister, takes the blame for Tracy’s actions. Tammy being kicked out of school doesn’t deter Tracy a little bit, despite the fact that it’s her fault. Tracy finally emerges the winner in elections, only because Paul voted for her. She finally gets accepted into Georgetown University; hence her dream of getting into a good college is fulfilled. Unlike Tracy, Jim McAllister is a devoted teacher as he’s involved in the school elections. His dislike for Tracy is quite evident especially when she ruined Dave’s career. Tracy’s nomination for class president makes him set out to crash her dreams. He convinces Paul to run against Tracy. He still loses against Tracy because Paul votes for Tracy. He’s angered by this since he spots her dancing excitedly. As a way of
Business research can pursue a variety of objectives, for example, to examine the attitudes of employees or consumer decision-making. Each of such questions can be of great importance to an organization. Although a research process can take different forms, there are several parts that are normally present. One of the most important elements is the definition of a problem or a question that should be examined (Blankertz et al, 1957, p. 403). For instance, companies may want to understand the reasons why employees can behave in an ethical or unethical way (Trapp, 2011, p. 543). They can try to study the factors that affect purchasing decisions of consumers. These are only some of the questions that business research can answer. But at first, it is necessary to formulate or define them. The second important element is the development of research methodology and the selection interpretive framework that can adequately explain the behavior of people (Blankertz et al, 1957, p. 404). The methodology can be both qualitative and quantitative. Researchers can employ such methods as statistical surveys, unstructured interviews, or even group discussion. At this point, it is necessary to determine the size of the sample and construct the interview. For example, organizations should determine how many customers or employees should be interviewed in order to ensure the validity of findings. The researchers, who study industries and markets, may need to estimate the number of companies or countries that they want to discuss in their study. There are other important components of business research process, namely the interpretation of results and finding an application to the research. For instance, very often organizations conduct unstructured interviews. At this stage, it is necessary for them to identify the most common opinions or complaints that customers or employees mentioned. Finally, the ultimate goal of business research is to bring improvements to an organization or solve a particular problem. For example, an organization may try to reduce turnover or improve time-management. The goals can be different, but in every case, one should seek for practical applications of business research; otherwise it can be pointless. Reference List Blankertz, D., Ferber, R., Mulvihill, D.,& Roggenburg, H. (1957). The Teaching of Marketing Research in Relation to Industry Needs. Journal of Marketing 21 (4), 401-412. Trapp, L. (2011). Staff Attitudes to Talking Openly About Ethical Dilemmas: The Role of Business Ethics Conceptions and Trust. Journal of Business Ethics , 103 (21)
The rapid modernization and industrialization that took place in Japan happened almost by chance. In 1853, Japan had reluctantly given in to Western influence during the Tokugawa Reign. However, the overthrow of Tokugawa in 1968 by the Meiji Restoration marked the actual beginning of ‘economic miracle’. The period that followed the coup was marked by sharp disagreements on how the country would deal with Western influence. Consequently, one school of thought was of the view that all Western influence should be eliminated from Japan, while another group deemed acceptance as the only logical response to Western influence. Eventually, a path of modernization was embarked on and history was changed in the process. As part of the transition from the Tokugawa era, Japan’s early policies of isolation meant that the country had little if any access to Western technology. Nevertheless, the Meiji Restoration “was able to make the gap smaller by agricultural technology developed during the Tokugawa Period and also, instituting measures that enabled Japan to import technologies and ideas from the Western countries” (Rosovsky 29). In the period of about twenty-five years, beginning from the 1880s, the rate of economic development in Japan was unprecedented. In the end, Japan had become a global force both economically and militarily. The factors that culminated in the Meiji Economic Miracle are not isolated incidents, but they are hurdles that all developing countries must cross before realizing overall success. Currently, the globally acknowledged Millennium Development Goals have laid out priorities for lifting world nations from poverty. Key among these goals is the need to make elementary education available to all children. For example, by the 1920’s it was not only the economic horizon of Japan that was different, but most of the other spheres of life had been transformed radically. Notably, among these changes was the democratization of the country and a highly and uniformly educated citizenry. The nationalization of the education and the shift of power from individuals to the parliament were of particular importance to the democratization of Japan. Prosperity during and after the Meiji regime has often been attributed to the accumulation of talents and knowledge following sustained efforts from the government. It is important to note that Japan’s rapid modernization and economic prosperity have only been witnessed in a few countries around the world including West Germany and Israel. These countries are all beneficiaries of what is known as a knowledge-based economy such as the one that drove Japan’s industrialization to unprecedented levels. The shape of an economic regime most often determines its level of economic prosperity. For example, the only difference between Japan and China in the early 1900s was the education levels of citizens. However, it took China several centuries to align its educational regime with that of its neighbor. The take-off period of the Japanese economy depended on educational policies that ensured that all citizens ha