ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The United Nations is facing a herculean task as it tries to free the world of rogue nuclear weapons. In the past, efforts have been made to make sure that countries deemed to be enemies of world peace, do not acquire those weapons. Efforts continue to be channeled towards that goal by trading blocs and governments. There are many hurdles on the way. This paper looks, in general, at what the various governments are doing together with the United Nations, to reduce the level of nuclear weaponry in the world. Development of nuclear weapons by certain states started way back in late 1960’s. However, the United Nations, having realized the potent of such weapons in the hands of many countries, moved in to curtail further production of weapons. The nonproliferation treaty was ratified in 1968. Since then, many signatories have joined in with the exception of Pakistan, India and Israel who had signed the treaty as of 2007. However, before the treaty came into force countries like the United States, Russia and Israel already had possession of the weapons (Falk, 19). The need to have nuclear weapons is not particularly weighty. The fact that a handful of countries has the said weapons, fuels the need by others to acquire them. This comes out as unfair. Many countries have touted energy as the reason why they are pursuing nuclear energy. North Korea withdrew from the nonproliferation treaty citing such sentiments. Steps Taken To Reduce Nuclear Weapons Treaties Various governments in the world are forming treaties with the agreement of reduction of arsenals to a certain level. The two countries with the greatest number of arsenals in the world: the United States and Russia recently entered into an agreement to cordially reduce the number of arsenals held in their countries. The treaties have more than reduction of arsenals in their terms. They also have conditions like frequent checks on individual countries to ascertain that the terms are been followed (Falk, 13). The treaty on non proliferation of nuclear weapons is however under sharp focus. This is because it is billed to be unfair. It allows the countries that have nuclear weapons to keep them but at the same time does not allow countries who would wish to develop them. This treaty, although it may have good intentions, has faced major criticism from countries like Iran and North Korea who view it as draconian and highly unfair. The proponents are of the opinion that global proliferation may put the world’s safety in jeopardy. This is especially considering the fact that there has emerged many unlawful and organizations which may wish to acquire those weapons and do damage. Another school of thought
The ACA Code of Ethics assists in client growth and development by encouraging healthy and secure relationship between counselors and clients. In line with group therapy, counselors must strive to understand the different cultural backgrounds of the clients and learn how to integrate clients having the same needs and goals that are compatible to those of a given group. In terms of relationships, the ethical codes encourage non-sexual professional relationships between counselors and clients (Ethics & Professional Standards, 2005). However, sexual or romantic relationships can only occur after 5 years; this helps to prevent situations where a counselor can take advantage of a client due to his/her position. From these aspects, the act of the mental health counselor of accepting an invitation from his group is professional and ethical. Besides, the vignette does not show any illicit relationship that could have existed between the leader and one of the group members. Again, the dinner invitation, did not amount to potential beneficial interaction to the involved parties whatsoever; the ceremony is comparable to a graduation or wedding invitation. In such scenarios, there are no beneficial interactions. Since counseling process fosters the interests and welfares of the clients, the invitation in the group dinner provided another avenue for bonding and sharing of new ideas for the group (Cherry, n.d.). Group therapy also sets up a socialization technique among participants, and such locations and ceremonies offer supportive and safe environment for the group members to practice new behaviors without fear. In addition, group therapy makes members view each other as one family and occasions such as dinners are favorable for sharing on effects of childhood experiences on personality and behaviors (Cherry, n.d.). The leaders’ acceptance to the dinner ceremony invitation did not violate ethics and professionalism requirements of the job. To this end, the leaders’ act remains ethical and professional in the context of group therapy and the ACA Codes of Ethics. Cherry (n.d.) holds that group therapy creates solidarity among members thus enabling clients gain a sense of belonging and acceptance within the group. The mental health counselor acceptance to join the group at the ceremony was a sign of unison towards a common goal. When this group shares meals, it breaks monotony from the routine meetings and activities thus relieving stressful and painful encounters. The ACA Code of Ethics requires counselors to develop and maintain professional relationships in their supervisions. The vignette does not reveal any remuneration, reimbursement, or professional services that the students or the counselor was yet to receive. Evidently, the act did not violate any training experience that the group had gone through during their past sessions. Additionally, the meeting did not harm any participants or amounts to acts of bribery on the counselor’s part; it reveals that the medical health counselor upheld high level of ethi
Introduction Flexible working is a policy practiced by many businesses with its employees in terms of working time, location and pattern of work (Budd 2004). Flexible working arrangement (FWA), according to the employment act 2002, indicates that all employees have a statuary right to request for a flexible working arrangement with the employer (Befort and Budd 2009). This should follow specific procedures, which must be adhered to. It is a crime for an employer to refuse or dismiss any attempt of the employee requesting for flexible working arrangements (Hrcouncil, 2010). However, the policy should only cater for all employees who meet certain criteria set inorder to apply for a flexible working arrangement. The policy also mandates the employer to dismiss any FWA, which may turn out not to be cost effective to the company (Dontigney 2011). Discussion: Key considerations in the development of a flexible working policy Proper guidelines The first consideration when introducing FWA in a company is to set up proper guidelines, which employees must follow for the success of the program implementation (Ackers and Wilkinson 2005). There is also need to first address on all business needs and to make sure that all the new steps are compatible with the existing company objectives. Clear guidelines on the application process, reversibility and any change on the employee status should be properly set to avoid future confusion and misunderstanding (Salamon 2000). Moreover, the company should clearly formalize basic guidelines primarily to head off any complains coming from employees concerning favourism or any form of unfair treatment. This will ensure success of FWA to both the company and the employees. Training Another key factor to consider when implementing the FWA is to make sure that all employees are trained and educated about the policies, which they should be comfortable with (Referenceforbusiness.com 2011). This should be occasionally practiced by any company, which actively practice FWA program. The major objective of this training is to make sure that all employees operate and participate in such an initiative manner that will not hurt the company and their careers. Although many people regard those who enroll to FWA to be committing career suicide, it’s the mandate of the company to make arrangements for such training programs (Referenceforbusiness.com 2011). Control Ultimately, most companies will only tolerate this FWA if it benefits the companies financial and production goals. In this aspect, there is need to ensure that the program is maintained at whatever costs. Considerably, it is indeed the duty of companies’ managers to ensure that despite the offer, all business considerations remained paramount to all other options. Notable to mention is that, employees and work teams can be helpful when it comes to shaping and Setting up flexible proper guidelines at all costs to ensure the success of FWA program is attained (Referenceforbusiness.com 2011). Evaluations The other major consideration, which must be implemented for the success of FWA, is to ensure tha
In the field of nursing, mentors assist in critically advising and supporting students, they are our primary sources of valuable information on program operations, policies, and measures. In addition, they guide us on our career objectives and how to overcome obstacles and ensure success (Bell-Scriber & Morton 2009). Profile My mentor is Marietta J. Bell Scriber. Marietta holds a degree from Saginaw General Hospital School of Nursing. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) from Ferris State University, a Master’s of Science in Nursing from Grand Valley State University and a Ph.D. from Michigan State University. Academic Specialization Marietta specializes in the area of cardiovascular nursing. She also deals with nursing administration, family nursing, cultural diversity, and global consciousness. Currently, she is an associate professor and she is still researching cultural diversity in relation to the nursing profession and practices. She holds a leadership position as the chairperson of Epsilon Eta chapter; this society assists in the advancement of nursing students through scholarships. I contacted her through the internet social media, read her various publications as well as attended her inspiring presentations. Marietta J. Bell Scriber’s Mentorship Marietta’s personal interest in mentoring and genuine concern in student performance has contributed to her success as a mentor. This is evident in most of her inspirational books and various presentations. She also provides education to others as she will soon be teaching in the Republic of Cyprus as Fulbright scholar. She also offers guidance on time management, schedule benchmarks, and program concepts, which have assisted me in developing unique nursing skills and knowledge. In addition, she has helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses and overcome my weaknesses. Contribution In her publications, she highlights the importance and ways of achieving quality and unique health care policies and good work ethics. These are essential for every nursing student worldwide. She emphasizes on the importance of consistency and proper protocol in nursing (American Psychological Association, 2010). She also puts a lot of emphasis on interprofessional team building in nursing as a career as well as sharing of information. It does not only increase awareness but also reinforces student’s knowledge and helps in demonstrating one’s skills. By being a leader at Chair of Epsilon Eta Chapter, she has been able to assist many nursing students and contributed to a positive move in the nursing profession. She also helps nursing students in becoming effective leaders in future and in proper management in nursing. This includes stress management at work place since nursing is a very sensitive career (Sullivan, 2012). The other common factors that she puts emphasis on are nurse coaching and disci
Introduction Neural networks are defined as a new form of technologies inspired by biological neural networks that rely on observational data and use various examples as tools to learn. They are used more and more actively in the analytics of big data in social media. Neural networks are highly efficient in analyzing large volumes of raw data and are used for image and speech recognition among other tasks. Despite the fact that neural networks can be useful in data analytics, they can have a negative impact on users of social media due to the fact that they can be used for data mining that targets the private information of users and their preferences. The first part of the paper will examine key challenges that the use of neural networks has created in the social media industry. The second part of the paper will be dedicated to the possible strategies that can be utilized to overcome the identified challenges. Key Challenges Deep learning, a strategy of analyzing, extracting, and compiling data that neural networks use is possible due to the availability of big data, large volumes of raw data that are used for analysis by neural networks. Frequently, neural networks are used to analyze data of social media users’, their preferences, opinions, and choices. Najafabadi et al. (2015) point out that deep learning is more efficient when neural networks need to determine and detect non-local and global data relationships and/or patterns. In the context of social media, deep learning can be used to analyze the preferences of users and suggest suitable advertisements to them. However, Iyyer, Enns, Boyd-Graber, and Resnik (2014) used neural networks in their experiments to identify the ideological preferences of users using “bag-of-words” characteristics for a specific ideological movement together with other markers that detected subjective language. While it is fascinating to think about how neural networks help arrange data, such an analysis of political preferences can be used in the future by politicians to target their potential electorate and encourage more users to vote for them with the help of analyses conducted by neural networks. Thus, in this case, neural networks could potentially undermine the ethical correctness of presidential campaigns. Another problem with neural networks is the way they are used. As Zhou, Chawla, Jin, and Williams (2014) point out, the use of centralized clouds where data is stored and which are used later for the analysis performed by neural networks is a problem because this data, despite being private, serve the owners of the cloud and not users. Neural networks perform analysis of private data to meet the interests of the owners (companies and businesses), whereas the role of users remains small and includes only the provision of data. User privacy is more important than the interests of organizations, but so far the storage of data remains centralized, which allows organizat
The last days of the Socrates refers to a sequence of four conversations by Plato that illustrates the demise as well as the testing of the Socrates. Plato gets the chance to present as well as build up his accountability’s attitude of a person for his dealings as well as their consequences in their society. The debate on Socrates trial which was about Euthyphro who had laid blame on his father of assassinating a servant and as well a servant had assaulted another servant. This is the reason as to why the Socrates and the Euthyphro resulted in a dialogue. It is through this dialogue that the reader gets a bright expression of the Socrates to employ mode of inquiring in order to prod holes a in other people’s declaration. Plato employs his conversation in telling his story concerning the Socrates trial, as well as shielding himself from the charges of deceit as well as the variation of the youths. Despite his effort to push for the dialogue being put into consideration, the Socrates trial was delayed and this led to him to spend more time in Athens prison. Plato got a friend who was to help him out of prison but the Socrates opposed the argument and thus he had to remain in prison. Due to his royalty, Plato decides not to escape as this would be a betrayal to the Athens as well as causing harm to those he loved. The wickedness of the spirit is held up by Plato’s conviction on the Socrates he also argues that demise ought to be part of a philosopher since it is through this that he would get do away with the distraction of the deceased as well as achieving true wisdom. It is through the dialogue that we are able to have a clear view of what true and false virtues are presented as in this community. Plato is brought out as a fighter in the kind of living that was taking place in the region. The Euthyphro looked into what godliness was all about as well as the manner in which it could be identified. Plato’s friend was on the other hand worried about what obligation under law was all about, while phaedo was determined in exploring the soul of the human soul. Admission of guilt is also an issue to the Socrates and it is clearly elaborated via the Athens way of pleading with the Athens government with an aim of shielding Plato from the accusations of bringing in new spiritual attitudes as well as misleading the younger generations. This according to the government was a false virtue as this was against the beliefs in the region and as well, no one had a right to go against or include what he felt was right in the community. This portrayed how the Socrates had no right to do whatever they felt was right but instead go by the set
Introduction In the book, A Woman’s Touch: What Today’s Women Can Teach Us About Sport And Life, Dr. Epperson brings out light to the beginning of a new era in the athletes, by using anecdote, evidence, and testimony. The book uses the melding of male and female perspectives to help in guiding the sports policies and practices into the 21 st century. In the book, Dr. Epperson enumerates lessons that male athletes can learn from female athletes in the volleyball game. In this way, the athletes will be able to enjoy the intimate relationship that can be established through the sport and be able to take risks with their bodies. In the process of all this, the athlete should be able to accurately interpret the feedback from the opponent or teammates. Furthermore, the exercise will enable the athletes to learn to play with people that they don’t necessarily like (Epperson, 1999). Women Athletes In the past century, a spectacular transformation has been taking place in women athletes. Women in society can become strong without being athletes but athletic strengthen holds certain meaning in the societal culture. This is because it is tangible, visible, and measurable. Sports have particular salience for men sharing the same memories of their childhood life, whereby their masculinity has either been confirmed or questioned depending on their athletic ability or inability. Women do understand sports, but they have been reduced to spectators due to historical values. When women take place in sports, they challenge the association between masculinity and sports. It happens that if a woman can play a certain game and play it better than her male counterparts, then the game stops being a yardstick for masculinity. One of the social obstacles that have been avoiding women to become good athletes is that many men feel that they might be left with the job of doing household chores such as cleaning utensils, taking care of kids, while the mother is taking part in sports. Most women who take part in sporting activities, do this because it is fun and it gives them a more challenging role, rather than just calling themselves feminists. By reserving time each day for volleyball training and running around the court, women are changing themselves and society. In the training, the women are rarely motivated by feminism, but it is always a result. As a woman athlete trains regardless of what led to the invol
Introduction The sale of local handicrafts is a prominent feature in most countries who have a growing tourism industry which helps to support local artists as well as small to medium scale enterprises that specialize in the sale and distribution of such items. Bahrain for instance receives 8 million visitors per year (as of data from 2008) with an annual tourism income of $7.75 billion (Economy Recovering, But Risks Loom Large 2012, pp 1-11). While most of this money comes directly from revenues derived from hotels, restaurants, and tour groups, a large percentage does go to local artists and crafters which acts as a major source of income for them (Country report: Bahrain 2011, pp 1-21). This is a particularly important point to remember given the following sets of data examining the local economy of Bahrain. Currently, Bahrain is ranked as having the 12th freest economy in the world, is considered the fastest growing financial center as well as possesses vast oil and natural resource wealth (Miller & Epstein 2011, pp 1138-1147). Its primary exports are centered around petroleum, aluminum, various metallic ores and food products. The inherent problem though with Bahrain’s local economy is that much of it is centered around the export of the aforementioned products with little attention being paid to the development of small to medium scale enterprises that focus on the production and sale of local handicrafts (Economy 2011, p. 6). In fact, an examination of the local handicraft industry reveals that most of the sales of authentic native handicrafts are done through local handicraft centers or markets with little in the way of export depots existing which would help to sell such items in overseas markets. Despite the fact that SMEs constitute 92 percent of local businesses within the country, they are still overshadowed by the country’s oil and natural resource industry which accounts for 60 to 80 percent of export earnings, 45 percent of the GDP and 80 percent of the government’s budget revenues. This is in stark contrast to the situation found in countries such as the U.S., U.K., China and other industrialized countries where local SMEs makeup more than 70 percent of GDP, 60 to 70 percent of local government revenue and 75 percent of export earnings. The inherent problem with this particular situation is that the lack of support for the local handicraft industry in Bahrain combined with the method utilized to produce handicrafts, which is a normally long and tedious process, leaves this particular industry vulnerable to differences in labor economics. Background of the Issue Traditional knowledge can be comparable to the inherited traditions and long standing practices inherent within a particular culture, society, or community. Another way of looking at traditional knowledge is from the concept of “adaptively acquired knowledge” wherein the various processes and techniques inherent to a particular indigenous community were developed as a response to the unique enviro
The corporation within that industry that I have chosen to write about in this essay is Apple Inc. In order to evaluate the attributes of the products that the company manufactures, the product pricing the business partners with whom this company works to produce and distribute products, and to create a personal opinion about the company, its culture and marketing activities, the Supplier Code of Apple and a strategic analysis of Apple Computer Inc was examined. My opinion of the company lies in the belief that Apple is one of the most scrupulous and the toughest corporations among the industrial electronics, as the company holds a strict policy towards its suppliers. As the Supplier Code shows, by 2014 Apple went deeper into the supply chain in order to disclose and correct problems that cannot be fixed by action plans and audits. While exploring these issues, the company focuses on training and educational programs in order to bring real changes into the supply chain. Their policy towards their workers is the main reason I want to work there. , Apple’s up to date mission proclaims that is Apple manufactures Macs that are recognized as the best processers over the planet, as well as OS X, iLife, iWork and specialized software. Apple is considered to be the frontrunner of the modern musical revolt with its technology and the materials available at the online store. Apple merchandises have advanced value points. Nevertheless, Apple’s quality pricing approach is good because it equals the extraordinary excellence and aesthetics of the production of the com