ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Children with special learning needs should be identified at a young age and provided with adequate support. Educators, counselors, and parents should be involved in the process if positive results are to be realized. This paper gives a summary of the responses obtained after interviewing a school psychologist. Personal insights and lessons gained from the exercise are also presented. Interview Responses The interviewed school psychologist indicated that complex approaches are usually utilized to identify children with special needs. The process for birth to preschool entails the use of questionnaires that focus on coordination, responsiveness, activity, and interest in various activities. Different programs are also implemented to monitor a child’s health and problems that can affect development. From preschool and kindergarten to third grade, behavioral therapists and educationists focus on disabilities in these categories: intellectual impairment, emotional disability, autism, speech disability, brain injury, and autism (Mensah & Badu-Shayar, 2016). The results can inform the most appropriate support for the child. According to the psychologist, different assessment methods can be used to identify children with special educational needs. The first one is that of questionnaires or interviews. Observations can also be made to identify learners in need of special instructions. Performance tasks are also used to monitor the abilities of a child in a given activity (Terziev, 2014). Family members should be involved throughout the identification process. Their consent is needed before their children are assessed. They also offer additional information that can streamline the process. The interviewee indicated that educationists and counselors could provide adequate resources to different families. These include assistive technologies and devices. Booklets and questionnaires for monitoring a child’s progress can also be provided to different families (Smeets & Roeleveld, 2016). Instructional and assistive technologies can include computer games, talking calculators, apps, and wheelchairs. Assistive listening systems and text-to-speech tools can also be provided. Rainbow Ridge Elementary School follows the student placement models developed by the Val Verde Unified School District. The first approach is known as the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE). This means that students with learning needs should spend adequate time in school. An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is also embraced depending on every child’s needs. Teachers can begin by guiding and collaborating with parents and guardians. They can also liaise with different professionals to complete the required assessments (Mensah & Badu-Shayar, 2016). They will give tests, observe learners, and identify those in need of special needs. The respondent
The economy is a central point in the existence of mankind. Scholars have always argued that either politics or the social sphere of human life is the most important, but the events that take place in the world, especially nowadays, demonstrate that the economy dominates all other spheres and impacts them respectively to the conditions it exists itself. Migration, drawing from the above said, is also the process determined by and resulting in certain economic conditions and factors. Both immigration and emigration, which are coming into and leaving the country respectively, are conditioned by economic motivations which people in poor countries have to migrate to the richer states or from those areas where unemployment is high to the areas providing people with jobs (Oliver-Rotger, 181). Thus, it is clearly seen that migration as one of the most significant processes in human society, and the economy as the dominant factors of the development of humankind are interconnected, and the book by Luis Urrea, The Devil’s Highway: A True Story, proves this by highlighting the major economic issues connecting both migration and economy into a single phenomenon. The economic issues present in the question of migration are rather specific and have respective contexts. First of all, the geopolitical situation in the world has changed greatly over the recent decades, leaving the ordinary people, especially from the newly emerged and developing countries, little chance to survive and be well off using the legal and morally conditioned ways. This poses a question for the scholars and politicians: “How do recent political and social events (related to global economic restructuring) in both countries influence the ways in which countries police and maintain social stability?” (Palafox, 56) Secondly, the domestic policies of the authorities in such countries as Guatemala, Argentina, and especially Mexico were rather hostile to their own citizens, making them look for some other ways to feed their families and ensure their own well-being, among which emigration became the most popular one. Consequently, emigration itself involves considerable costs and thus affects the economy also. People who cross borders illegally have to pay their coyotes for their services, about 13 000 pesos for joining a single person, having no guarantee that they will be finally delivered to their destinations in the USA. Thus, the close interrelation of economic and human factors can be traced in this issue, and Luis Urrea is a master of rendering this interrelation: “His nonfiction is so true, in the economic issues of the border as well as humanizing those economic issues.” (Cogan, 3). All the issues that people have to f
The main claim of hedonism is based on the idea that pleasures and happiness are key goals in an individual’s life, and this person is usually focused on pursuing happiness and avoiding pain. However, Robert Nozick’s argument opposes this claim while offering that happiness cannot be the only state that is valuable for a person (Hindriks and Douven 278). In this context, the ideas of hedonism based on the importance of happiness are viewed by the researcher as wrong (Nozick 42-45). It is necessary to discuss why Nozick developed such vision of hedonism and focus on the things that are viewed by the researcher as intrinsically valuable in this particular context. In his experiment involving the experience machine, the researcher proposed people to plug into this machine in order to have pleasurable experiences instead of facing their usual daily experiences. Nozick found that, in most cases, people refused to plug into the machine and, as a result, to reject experiences associated with their real life (42-43). The researcher concluded that hedonism is wrong in terms of stating that happiness should be viewed as the only valuable thing for people because, in the conducted experiment, people refused to experience pleasures associated with happiness in spite of proposed limitless opportunities (Hindriks and Douven 278-279). From this perspective, happiness cannot be directly and exclusively associated only with pleasures, and the pursuit of happiness is not the only intrinsically valuable thing for many people. Therefore, the reference of hedonism only to happiness and pleasures cannot be viewed as reasonable according to the researcher. As a result of conducting the experiment, the author proposed his own vision of intrinsically valuable things in this context. Thus, Nozick suggested viewing the contact with reality while experiencing certain situations or feelings as the more intrinsically valuable aspect for people (44-45). The reason is that many people rejected to use the experience machine because they wanted to contact with reality, do certain things by themselves, and be certain personalities or live a certain way. The experience machine allowed people to feel many pleasures and become happy that way, but these pleasures were the result of the virtual reality (Nozick 44-45). According to the researcher, the contact with reality is extremely important for people in order to feel happy, and this aspect should be viewed as the intrinsic value because individuals feel happy or live happily not only as a result of pleasurable experiences but also as a result of acting or doing something important for them (Fletcher 356-358). Thus, living in
At the beginning of the 21st century, China is one of the most powerful countries in the region, possessing innovative defense technologies and armory. A collaboration with the post-Soviet Union and neighbors allow China to modernize its military capabilities and develop its military industry. Internal transfers constitute an important military advantage for Third World countries at war. First, indigenous production capabilities suggest less dependence upon foreign sources for resupply and a way of avoiding political pressure from one or the other superpower during wartime. Second, they imply a capability to provide significant supplies to a country’s war effort, particularly in modern, high-attrition battlefield situations. From a historical perspective, the late 1930s fundraising campaigns for Chinese defense against continued Japanese invasions of the mainland marked a high point in the identification of the overseas Chinese with their homeland, while at the same time organizing the community in a hitherto unprecedented fashion (Dumbaugh and Grimmett 32). The Committee for Assisting the Preservation of Peace survived Dutch military authorities agreed to provide the corps with weapons on loan, military uniforms (with a special PAT badge–crossed Chinese swords surrounded by a chain, representing unity), and military training for the cadres in the police school in Cimahi. Arms, after all, we’re only available in quantity from the Dutch; that this was an uneasy partnership is shown by the fact that the Dutch provided arms for only one-third of the registered members of the force, on the grounds that they only needed weapons while on duty, and only one-third of the force would be on duty at any given time. The lessons learned by China from its engagement with Vietnam were no less sobering. In fact, an argument can be made that China’s reliance on its own defense industries served to constrain rather than enhance its war-fighting capabilities. By any standard, the PRC- Vietnam confrontation in 1979 was a limited war. China committed no aircraft for combat or troop support, and only light infantry formations, with some supplementary armor, marched across the PRCVietnam border to “teach the Vietnamese a lesson.” It was a war that the world’s largest armed forces supported by the Third World’s largest defense industry should have easily won (Dumbaugh and Grimmett 32). China is one of the Third world countries producing major weapon systems domestically and has demonstrated significant production capabilities. But given the spread and variety of their industrial skill levels, during the Iraq-Iran war, China, reportedly in exchange for oil,
Cleopatra was a very important figure in history. She was the last ruler of Egypt from the Ptolemaic rulers. She tried and managed to retain her kingdom’s independence for two decades while trying to regain her ancestors’ glory. She had the ability to speak eight languages including the Egyptian language. Besides, she was clever, well educated, and her life was a dramatic one. She associated and had romantic liaisons with some very powerful Romans during her time including the future emperors namely Augustus, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. She went to a point of making military alliances with the prominent emperors (Burstein 31). She later died in 30 B.C.E. Her saw the end of Egypt’s history as both Alexander the Great successors and as a kingdom that is independent. Her seduction power has opened her history as a symbol of female power and sexuality. Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. as a second child out of the five children. Her father was King Ptolemy XII (Auletes) while her mother was Cleopatra V Tryphaena. She came to the throne in 51 B.C as a 17-year-old when her father died a natural death. She was to rule as a partner to her brother by marrying him. Ptolemy XIII was only ten years old by then. Her brother’s advisers were against her, and she fled to Syria from Egypt in 49 B.C. The following year she returned with an army she created in Syria. Pelusium, which is on Egypt’s eastern border, is where she met her brother’s forces. Meanwhile, Ptolemy welcomed Julius Caesar to Alexandria after Pompey (the Roman General) was murdered when he fled to Egypt (Taman 22). Caesar was Pompey’s rival. The queen wanted the assistance of Caesar, and thus she found a way of going to the Regal citadel to speak to Caesar and request for her cause for action. Caesar was only in Egypt to collect the debt Auletes incurred during his reign. He needed these funds to go back to Rome and return to power. Caesar went to war with Egypt, won, and this forced Ptolemy to flee for his life. He is believed to have drowned. Cleopatra then regained the throne with Caesar’s help, and she ruled with Ptolemy XIV, her younger brother, who was 13 years old then. She had a lot to prove at this point although she had gained Egypt impendence for a little while. Caesar stayed in Egypt for a while, and Cleopatra had a romantic relationship with him (Cleopatra” par.1). She produced a male offspring in 47 B.C., and the male descendant was named Caesar Ptolemy. However, the Egyptians knew him as Caesarion. Caesar then went back to Rome. During this time, Cleopatra started the construction of a temple that had a mixture of Egyptian and Greek style and acted as a remainder of Caesar’s support. Sometime between 46-45 B.C, Cleopatra went to visit Caesar in Rome. She was accompanied by her brother Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion. Rumors were all around that Caesar was planning to marry the Egyptian queen. He had even placed a statue of the goddess Isis in the temple. There was a great scandal in Rome since the man was already married. He was around 52 years old. March 44 B.C. is when Caesar was murdered forcing Cleopatra
Adventure recreation relates to all activities, which mainly take place outdoors such as rafting, rock climbing, and other outdoor activities. Adventure recreation also entails several leisure activities, which are vigorous and physical in nature. Past studies have identified various elements of adventures. Specifically, they have included freedom of choice, self-motivation, interaction with nature, risks, rewards, and unknown outcomes (Loeffler, 2004). Adventure recreation has become a professional field that has developed principles like any other professional field. Such activities have developed from undertakings of individuals like Baden-Powell and other organisations like the Scout Association, Outward Bound, and the Guide Association among others. Moreover, adventure recreation has become a part of the national curriculum, field studies and has facilitated environmental conservation through governing bodies. In some cases, others have relied on adventure recreation has a way of resolving community issues through collaboration and participating in sports. Consequently, it has affected people in different ways. Loeffler notes that the outdoor environment and related activities have the potential to “engage the entire person” (Loeffler, 2004). Such forms of engagement include fascination, oneness, topophilia, peak experience, and numinous. Adventure recreation has influenced several aspects of individuals’ lives. Socially, outdoor activities have enabled individuals to develop self-concepts. Most outdoor activities aim at building social aspects of life. Consequently, groups that participate in adventure recreation have established strong peer support from colleagues and developed social networks for support. Some scholars have noted that adventure recreation has provided opportunities to understand the growth of middle-class leisure activities. Loeffler found out that such activities were divergent because they were still in their infancy stages. At personal levels, adventure recreation has influenced people in three different ways as Loeffler indicates. These include “inner exploration, group process, and close interaction with the natural environment” (Loeffler, 2004). In this regard, participants have considered adventure recreation as a means of controlling issues, which relate to health, emotional, and physical well-being like obesity, social inclusion, and group cohesion. Group cohesion promotes nationalism and a sense of pride among participants. In some cases, people have linked exploration and expedition to both political and economic advantages of adventure recreation. Activists have used outdoor activities to raise awareness about environmental issues while entrepreneurs have identified business opportunities from adventure recreation. This has led to a tremendous growth of outdoor activities because individuals have created a great demand for varieties in expedition and adventures. At the same time, the need to develop equipment for adventure recreation has increased, w
Abstract This essay assesses the role of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and protein networks in cellular functional pathways. Research demonstrates that protein interactions are vital for the healthy functioning of a cell. It has been demonstrated that protein complexes can activate or inactivate essential pathways in a living cell. This essay examines the various networks of communication within living cells and lays emphasis on the participation of protein complexes in such networks. This is essential in biological research because various protein complexes and networks have been implicated in health and/or unhealthy cell conditions. The essay reviews the aspects of protein-protein complexes through interactomics. It discusses the aspects from a combined genomic, biochemical, proteomics, cell biological and bioinformatics perspective. Introduction The study of the protein interaction pathways helps in understanding the roles of various protein complexes in cellular pathways. It has been established that proteins interact and form biologically important complexes with other biomolecules in the living cells (Uversky, Gillespie & Fink 2000). The other biomolecules include DNA, RNA (nucleic acids), fatty acids and hormones. The complexes formed have been confirmed to be involved in the growth and development and regulation of cellular activities, for example, metabolism and signal transduction (Kiemer & Cesareni 2007). Interactomics is geared towards genome-wide studies to decipher the whole genomes of species (Jones & Thornton1996). One of the most characterized interactomes is that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its protein interactions have been fairly characterized because of it its simple genome (Furga 2002). The Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have also been studied to some extent to decipher their interactomes (Ho et al 2002). For example, the full genome sequences of Caenorhabditis elegans have helped study the genes that might be interacting with crucial proteins for cell regulation. Various methods have been developed to study protein-protein interactions in living cells. These methods include two-hybrid screening, X-ray chromatography, tandem affinity chromatography and optical fluorescence microscopy. Interactomics research has been characterized by criticisms. The procedures involved in getting interactome data have been found to be prone to errors. Results from interactomics experiments have been found to have a high probability of being incorrect. This is due to the fact that interactomics studies the relationship between proteins and other biomolecules in the cell. For example, the impact of interaction between DNA and proteins on gene expression. The proteins and the other biomolecules could be undergoing mutations, thus giving wrong results. That notwithstanding, interactomics is an interesting area of study in modern biological research. This has been due to the fact that it gives crucial information on cellular networks responsible for healthy and unhealthy conditions. Combined genomics perspective Genome of a species is the total number of genes within that species. Thus, genomics is
Employing concept of ROMI Return on Marketing Investment is the revenue acquired from the increased sales of the company that have resulted from the marketing done by the company. Viewing marketing as an investment will necessitate the urge to get returns from it. It is calculated as ROMI=Increased Revenue-market expense. NB: Where the increased revenue is the amount of extra money received as a result of the advertising. It is calculated as, Revenue after Marketing-Revenue before Marketing. Marketing should be viewed as an investment and money spent on it should be expected back. The first step would be to invest a considerable amount of money in marketing with an aim of improving the sales of Alta Moda. This will be done by first assessing the current sales of Alta Moda and the revenue generated from the same, we would then invest in marketing through advertising in the media and women magazines (Arnold 2010). In the magazines, we would portray Alta Moda products as something the lady’s really need to have, we (as a marketing department under my leadership)would engage in roadside promotion which is meant to answer any concerns from the clients about the our products (Barro, 2008). Data that should be collected To calculate the ROMI we will need to collect certain pieces of information that will facilitate the computation. The first thing to do would be to have a record of how much revenue the company receives and what level of sales is made without the marketing(Increased Revenue). This is going to give us the sales baseline for the company. We then need to have a very clear data and enough information from the budgeting carried out on how much we are likely to spend on the marketing of the Alta Moda products (Marketing expenses). Any incremental in