ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Bravery is an act of confronting pain and fear with courage. Human beings portray bravery when they courageously face challenges and threats in life without fear. Bravery manifests in different forms. Physical courage refers to the ability to face circumstances that might cause or risk physical bodily harm or death. Social courage refers to the dauntlessness in facing situations that can expose one to risks of social embarrassment and even rejection. Moral courage involves standing for what is right regardless of the shame, disapproval, or opposition that can arise. Intellectual bravery points to the ability to engage in challenging views, scrutinize one’s thinking, and risk committing mistakes. Emotional and spiritual daringness risks are encountering negative emotions and religious opposition respectively. The first story illustrating bravery is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Hollow of the Three Hills. Hawthorne uses the central character, a young beautiful lady, who tries to run away from her problems, to portray different degrees of indomitability. The second story illustrating the same theme is Janet Frame’s “The Bath.” The frame creates a picture of torture and torment that old age people pass through. In Hawthorne’s story, The Hollow of the Three Hills , physical bravery is displayed by the main character. From the description of the meeting place, vivid imagery of a horrifying scene emerges. The main character met an “ancient, meanly-dressed woman, of ill-favored aspect.” As the old lady spoke, the lady was terrified and thought of running away. As Hawthorne describes ordeal, “the lady trembled and cast her eyes upward to the verge of the basin as if meditating to return with her purpose unaccomplished (Eldritchpress.org).” As Hawthorne further says, when the lady was ordered to kneel before the old woman, “she hesitated a moment, but the anxiety that had long been kindling burned fiercely up within her (Eldritchpress.org).” The main character also displays intellectual bravery. She made her mind seek help from a witch despite the consequence of losing her life. She chose death over her problems. As Hawthorne describes it, “when the old woman stirred the kneeling lady, she lifted not her head (Eldritchpress.org)” signifying the end. However, the main character lacks moral and social guts. From Hawthorne’s description, she deserted her parents, which probably contributed to their death, and broke her holiest vows as a wife leaving her husband lamenting. Worst of all, she showed no affection to her ill child and left her to die. During th
Introduction The success of Bossini International Holdings Limited can be attributed to the exemplary performance of different leaders such as Tak Cheong Mak, Cheuk Him Chan, Man Tsin, and David Hui. These organizational leaders have been empowering their followers using their competencies and skills. Consequently, the employees at the apparel company have managed to deliver quality services to many customers in Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan, Macau, and Singapore (“ Bossini International Holdings Limited ,” 2017). The activities are undertaken at the company focus on the targeted vision. The vision is for Bossini to become “the most preferred everyday wear brand” (“ Bossini International Holdings Limited ,” 2017, para. 4). The presented paper gives a detailed analysis of the information obtained after interviewing David Hui, the company’s human resources manager. Responses from the Interviewee Organizational Effectiveness David Hui has been instrumental and inspirational in the company. The interviewee has been undertaking the most appropriate activities to support the needs of different workers in the organization. These efforts have made it easier for the followers to innovate, market, and promote appropriate strategies that add value to the customer. The first objective of the interviewee was to understand how human resources (HR) managers at the firm supported organizational effectiveness (Thomas, 2014). The leader believed that it was appropriate to offer continuous support to the workers and mentor them whenever necessary. In order to achieve organizational effectiveness, the respondent indicated that it was necessary to have a great personality. Since Hui was dealing with many individuals from diverse backgrounds, the concept of personality was a unique attribute of his leadership. He was always charismatic, encouraging, and optimistic. He believes strongly that positive decisions and continuous collaboration can make a difference in the company’s human resource department. The personality has been replicated by other leaders in different units at the company. The leader’s personality promotes innovation, teamwork, and cohesion (Spaho, 2013). These attributes encourage
Introduction The issue of Marijuana legalization has long been a very debatable topic for discussion among the governmental institutions and different social layers. It has to be noticed that the legalization of Cannabis sativa is a very controversial topic that may arouse arguing opinions. However, marijuana has been known for centuries to help the medical care procedures. For instance, ancient Chinese writings have cannabis’ medical use recorded back in 2700 BC. Contemporary perception of Marijuana has altered with the span of time and use of it as a drug. Unfortunately, the understanding and application of cannabis has altered and now it is taken as a dramatic damage to society, which is definitely partially true. Nevertheless, it has to be mentioned that legalization of marijuana could have dragged much more beneficial and prolific results for the government and medicine, respectively. The government can earn money from taxes on cannabis’ sale and the medicine get much more benefit that outweighs its abuse outcomes. So, legalization should be regarded as a plan for action despite the claims of organizations that consider legalization to cause drug crimes rates’ increase. Origins Cannabis originates from South and Central Asia. This is one of those significant plants that have several forms to be distributed in. Unprocessed, it comes in form of dried leaves; processed, it is kief – the powder sifted from flowers and leaves. “It is rich in trichomes and is consumed in its powder form” (Rose 73). When compressed it is used to make balls of hashish, which can be chewed or smoked. Marijuana users usually smoke resin at times when cannabis is not available (Marshall 126). The ancient Assyrians were the first to smoke marijuana. In the United States it is used illegally. There are furious debates over its harmful and useful features, both of which have significantly outweighed each other. Overall, people continue to use marijuana illegally despite its prohibition and the harsh laws that have been laid by various governments against its use (Marshall 128). Medical Benefits For many decades it has been deemed that legalization can have seriously terrible consequences. However, people forget that governmental prohibition acts in the beginning of 1900s caused the actual drug abuse and turning decent and loyal citizens into lawbreakers. So, this is a very debatable topic: whether it is marijuana abuse that was first or the governmental prohibition law in 1919. It has to be noticed that marijuana unlike cigarettes and alcohol is no as harmful as people are used to think. Moreover, the role of the government in forming such a dreadful opinion about marijuana is underestimated. Statistics shows that there are many more car accidents (hence lethal outcomes) because of alcohol than there are caused by hemp. In fact, marijuana is the safest therapeutically active medical substance humanity has ever known. Theref
Introduction This paper provides information on emergency training and its significance. It discusses the methods that may be implemented during its course and explains their benefits. The paper also presents the ways to avoid the adverse effects of training on personnel’s clinical duties, as well as addresses the financial aspects associated with it. It concludes that emergency training is crucial for an increase in hospitals’ incident preparedness and may improve medical professionals’ performance. Emergency Training: Significance, Methods, and Impact Emergency training is a crucial aspect of disaster preparedness as it allows health organizations to be able to respond to emergencies adequately (Skryabina, Reedy, Amlôt, Jaye, & Riley, 2017). It is necessary for the hospital’s staff to perform their duties quickly and effectively in the case of major incidents and disasters. To prevent adverse consequences from occurring, medical institutions can decide to implement educational programs for their staff. They may be provided by federal and local healthcare agencies, as well as professional educational organizations. The most effective approach to training should combine several teaching methods to ensure that staff will receive comprehensive education and will be able to apply their knowledge to practice. A program should incorporate materials that are suitable for different learning styles of individuals; it may include verbal and visual information. Such an approach will ensure that all employees understand the significance and the context of training and approach it responsibly. Moreover, it is reasonable to make training interactive rather than exclusively lecture-based as it will help staff to learn how to interact with each other during emergency cases. For example, the hospital team may work in groups to discuss emergency cases and the actions they should take to eliminate adverse consequences of them. Books may be used for training as well but only as one of the learning sources, as they can provide a solid theoretical background but do not allow for hands-on experience. Emergency training may have a negative impact on staff’s clini
Introduction The CIA and the NSA are the faces of the United States security and intelligence agencies. Since the establishment of both the CIA and the NSA, there has been progressing in technology. It is undeniable to acknowledge the fact that the CIA was previously used for special operations in other countries or any operations. Before the CIA was mandated with the intelligence services and collection of important information, the agency used conventional technologies during operations. Between 1947 and 1961, numerous reforms oversaw the CIA undertake the mandate of collection of scientific intelligence services on matters of security. On the other hand, the NSA has also been mandated to processing of intelligence information since its establishment in the year 1962. However, there are fundamental differences between the NSA and the CIA. For example, the National Security Agency (NSA) is mandated to encryption of foreign codes and securing of information using coding. This means that NSA process data for the security of the United States government. On the other hand, the role of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is to gather information from international sources. The CIA only gathers, which is of concern or interest to the United States. In this respect, the evolution of technologies used by both agencies has changed over time. Surveillance technology Over the years, the United States security agency has used surveillance technologies as a means of spying and collecting data. The NSA has been on the receiving edge for using computerized networks that hack into other networks and collect data without the knowledge of others (Aid, 2010). In the meantime, NSA has resolved to use an intelligence remote computer tampering to keep track of all computers imported into the American soil (Aid, 2010). Another development is the use of EMF to detect bioelectric fields in humans (Aid, 2010). This means that an individual is tracked like a robot within the United States. This development has caused an outrage in the United States since people feel that this development infringes on their liberties and personal rights to privacy. The CIA has also resolved to use surveillance technologies. The use of drones is the recent evolution of CIA technology. The drones are unmanned aircraft that can fire a missile (Richelson, 2002). The drones are remote-controlled and can hover within a certain territory without detection (Richelson, 2002). Drones technology has previously been used by the CIA to kill terrorists in Afghanistan and other regions (Richelson, 2002). Amid the success of this technology, there have been several complaints about the use of such technologies in warfare. Most certainly, the use of drones violates international law. The technology is equated to assassination tactics since they are unauthorized by the United Nations Security Council. To be precise, the use of drones is likened to state kil
Introduction Toni Cade Bambara’s brief story The Lesson expands on many themes about existence. The author presents Miss Moore to convey a message to the children. Besides, Miss Moore is used by the author as an introduction to themes in the story. The incidents occurred in 1960; therefore, the reader can relate to the societal standards of the period. The plot focuses on two major characters, a little girl named Sylvia and a schoolteacher who the writer refers to as Miss Moore. The story begins when Miss Moore takes the youngsters on a shopping expedition. Despite Bambara being a political activist, the plot focuses on social equality, the absence of equal education for African Americans, and the economic lifestyle. The essay will analyze socioeconomic disparities and classism, the significance of education in society, and the rich-poor divide to examine many issues in The Lesson’s short narrative . Economic Inequality The fundamental subject that connects the two portions of the short story is economic injustice. Miss Moore attempts to explain it to the youngsters, but she implicitly invites them to express their thoughts. The narrative begins in the children’s neighborhood, where they live in tight quarters, before proceeding to one of New York’s costliest establishments. As a result, multiple characters debate the various items they might purchase with the value of the toys in the shop. Miss Moore tries to show the wealth disparity by polling the children on her thoughts while saying, “Some individuals would spend more money on a toy than it would take to feed a big household. “What do you think?” (Bambara 131); a young girl by the name of Sugar responds, “It is not as important as democracy” (Bambara 131). Miss Moore is enlightened as the youngsters begin to comprehend the economic system. Indirect methods are also used to establish the theme of economic inequality. This is where the children start comparing the sailboats they can afford and those that they thought were way too expensive for them. Besides, the cheap sailboats are easily damaged and can sink at any time. This is because they were made from inferior and cheap materials. Thus, the toys were just a representation of the possessions that were readily available to them. Accordingly, it was more of an insinuation that rejecte
The connection between perception and decision-making can be seen in many areas of life. Indeed, many factors can influence one’s decision, and judgment is often among the main aspects that people use in making choices. As was mentioned, the process of hiring or promoting friends on the basis of perceiving them as better individuals is an excellent example of this connection. Interestingly, the practice is common and is recognized by most people. However, it is not acknowledged as a possible problem that may lead to unfair judgments. Another possible factor that enhances the role of perception in decision-making is time. Currently, the tempo of people’s lives is getting faster every day because of the introduction of new technology and innovative practices (Shepherd, Williams, & Patzelt, 2015). Therefore, people are often expected to have a similarly increasing level of productivity that matches the modern world. Multitasking and switching attention from one project to another leaves some individuals with little time to devote their attention to a single activity (Ordóñez, Benson, & Pittarello, 2015). Therefore, perceptions and quick observations may become the primary ways in which people evaluate information before they need to make a certain decision. This can be a problem for decision-making in the workplace because some issues demand more attention, time, and effort to be solved. While sometimes perception can assist in the process, it can also create an unrealistic portrayal of the situation. The role of perception may increase in the process of decision-making due to the rising tempo of the world. This factor has a significant influence on making choices because people often have a formulated view of each phenomenon and person. Perception can affect people’s lives because of their relationships with each other, as seen in the example with friends. Nevertheless, there are many ways in which perception takes a leading position in influencing people’s professional and personal decisions.
Introduction Henry IV, Part 1 is one of Shakespeare’s greatest reflections of history (McLoughlin). In this particular part of the series of plays he wrote on the history surrounding Henry IV, Shakespeare introduces the audience to the Henry IV as a King who has acquired the throne through unjust and foul means; and is therefore pulled between the calling of his conscious and his desire to retain the throne (Shakespeare). This paper will attempt to present a brief discussion on Henry IV in light of the development of his character during the course of the plot. Main body It is imperative to realize at this point that King Henry IV plays a very important role in the development of the plot as his character continues to develop with the progression of the plot. In this regard, while the character of King Henry IV continues to develop, he supports the procession of the plot as well (Shakespeare). What merits highlighting is that the character of Henry IV, even though sometimes cold and very calculating, continues to develop with the turn of each new event. The character of Henry IV is a fascinating character because while his actions do not give him enough room to be labeled as the protagonist of the play, they are still enough to put wheels in motion (Shakespeare). The character of Henry IV plays a pivotal role in the plot of the play. While Henry IV’s position may not be one that can be claimed as that of the protagonist’s without taking a second consideration, there is little doubt that it is the actions of Henry IV that push events into play. In the beginning, it is apparent that Henry IV is concerned about little more than the legitimacy of his presence on the throne. The throne is the center of his life and his thoughts tend to revolve around the very same (Shakespeare and Hodgdon). He spends most of his time worrying about justifying his acquisition of the throne to himself and it is in the same regard that he makes the decision of leading the crusade; the event that puts the chain of events into motion. He suffers from guilt but makes very little to no effort to redeem himself on account of his love for the power that his throne brings to him. As a result, almost all his actions are violent or irrational in nature such that they cause pain to others. Causing pain to others comes as a reason for him to divert his attention from his own past (Shakespeare). He is a man who believes in honor, but has chosen to compromise it through his own chosen will; leading him into a paradoxical state of mind in which he continuously keeps attempting to make peace with himself. Through the developments of the play, Henry IV continues to think about little more than the retention of his throne. However, as the play progresses, it becomes clear that his priorities are shifting from doing little more than retaining the throne, to doing justice to his position on the throne. He begins to take an aggressive approach towards all those who oppose his attempts to justify his throne and his presence on his thron
Apart from Standard English, which is considered to incorporate the major rules of the language, there exist many dialogues based on social class differentiation and geographical area in which speakers live. The dialogue I would like to describe is Cockney English. It is spread in London, Great Britain, and is considered to be spoken by people belonging to a low social status. Cockney English has a number of peculiarities. The first one is the omission of sound [h] when there is a letter ‘h’ at the beginning of the word: ‘house’ is pronounced [‘aus], ‘horse’ sounds like [‘o:s]. The next prominent feature of Cockney is the replacement of vowel [æ] by [a]. The following example shows two Cockney elements in a row: the word ‘hand’ is pronounced not [‘ænd] but [‘and]. Another peculiarity is using sound [a] instead of [Ə] (also known as ‘schwa’): users of Cockney pronounce ‘doctor’ as [‘dokta] and ‘actor’ as [‘akta]. Next, in final position, sound ‘l’ is pronounced like ‘w’: the word ‘bell’ sounds like [‘bew] in Cockney. Another feature is the omission of glottal [t]: ‘bottle’ is pronounced as [‘bo-l]. The next feature is the replacement of interdental sound [ð] with [v] and sound [θ] with [f]: ‘gather’ is pronounced as [‘gava], ‘thick’ sounds like [fik]. Also, when it comes to vowels, the general rule is that these sounds come from around the sides of the mouth: [au] is pronounced as [a:] (‘cow’ – [‘ka:]), [o:] turns into [ou] (‘walk’ – [‘wouk]). What concerns grammar, Cockney English speakers say ‘me’ instead of ‘my,’ use double negations, and do not conform to the rules of agreement of the subject and predicate (‘I weren’t there yesterday’; ‘You is my friend’). Finally, Cockney English has a special “vocabulary” in the form of slang. For instance, “apples and pears” stands for “stairs.” Here is a link to the examples of Cockney English dialect: Learn the Cockney English with Jason Statham. This dialect relates to our class because it describes the differences in language use and also demonstrates social divergences between people. At our class, we studied the basics of linguistics, and this dialect is a perfect illustration of various linguistic phenomenon. In my examples, I showed the phonetic and grammatical peculiarities of Cockney English. The dialect is rich in such peculiarities, which makes it a great model to discuss. During the sessions, we talked about how societal conditions in which people live can impact their language. Cockney is the dialect that appeared due to social disparity. It originated in poor regions of London, and its deviations from Standard English developed due to the insufficient level of education of people. There is a large number of various dialects of English all over the world. However, Cockney is probably the most fascinating in terms of the number of peculiar features. There are dialects that have a few original features but still can be understood