ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive Summary There is need in the Emirati society to establish a charitable organization that will give citizens specialized services at a reduced price or without any cost, depending on the nature of their needs. In the developed countries, the government has the major role of ensuring that citizens realize their potentials, as the major function of the government is to enable individual fulfilment. Based on this, the western society has a developed charitable system that relies on various stakeholders for funding and operations. Similarly, this is possible in the Emirati society, as long as various stakeholders will accept to play their roles faithfully by availing resources and empowering the project. Charitable organizations often depend on donors for funding, but this is not the guaranteed source of capital, as some of them could perhaps pull out at the most critical stage, particularly when the project is about to achieve goals. Therefore, the charitable organization to be set up will come up with a different strategy of sourcing funds, which would be mainly through online disposal of products through the auctioning system. The project organizers will put in place measures, strategies that would ensure top-quality products are obtained from various individuals at a reduced price, and the same goods would be sold to the highest bidder. The prices offered would be competitive in the market and the staff will exercise the highest moral responsibility to an extent that no bidder will ever raise complain over the loss of his or her capital. We will continuously develop the relationship with various stakeholders, including suppliers and customers, to make sure the light is shed into the lives of the majority hopeless individuals in society who are unable to meet their primary, as well as secondary needs. The project will definitely succeed in convening its core objectives because it aims at offering something different, pleasant, and heart touching. The type of purchasing environment that would be created would in fact cater for the customers’ interests since research shows that an organization with the interests of the customer at heart will always succeed. The type of services offered to customers are professional in nature and customer’s experience will encourage them to come back and some will go an extra mile to recommend the service to other clients wishing to support the program. Once the project kick-starts, it is expected that it will rise adequate funds within the first month and the same funds will be
This is a scientific discipline concerned with the study of impacts that human beings have on the environment around them, and how the environment affects them. The role human beings play in conserving and sustaining the environment has been identified using relevant psychological theories. This has been eased by research findings that exist in this field (Clayton & Myers, 2009). Definition of Environmental Psychology According to Clayton and Myers (2009), environmental psychology is a branch of psychology that is concerned with the relationship between human beings and the environment within which they live. It involves studying relevant theories, and how they can be applied in real life. In general, this is a discipline concerned with streamlining rules of engagement between human beings and the environment. Theories used in Environmental Psychology Evolutionary Psychology Theory Under this theory, the need to survive is the greatest reason why human minds undergo evolution. The human mind is divided into small sections that can be studied to identify the role played by the brain in the interaction between human beings and the environment. The sections studied are biases and perceptions. It is believed that the environment dictates the way the human beings live in it. The dictation involves influence on activities such as mating, feeding, and social organization. In addition, the theory posits that the need to survive in the environment compels human beings to change their means of communication thus resulting in the development of a variety of languages. This means that human behavior in any given environment is the result of the environment dictating people how they should live in it (Korpela, 1989). Biophilia This is another approach to environmental psychology that posits human adaptation to the environment to be the result of intrinsic effect. According to the proponents of this theory, human beings usually develop a genetic predisposition to depend or associate with the environment as a result of the need to survive (Clayton & Myers, 2009). This theory opposes the famous notion that inherited traits are solely responsible for human behavior. Instead, it posits emotions to be reactions to external stimuli. Identification of edible plants is one of the examples quoted under this hypothesis (Clayton & Myers, 2009). Importance of Research in Environmental Psychology The relationship between human beings and the environment within which they live is vital. They are inseparable, and will continue to have an effect on each other as long as they exist. The fact that they constantly affect each other requires research to help understand their relationship. Environmental pollutio
People exhibit different learning needs that demand special attention. Educators must acquaint themselves with different teaching techniques that capture the different needs of learners. In organizations, managers require the ideal skills necessary to enhance the learning capabilities of their subordinates. Different training models provide various strategies that enhance the teaching process (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2013). However, the effectiveness of a teaching process lies within the learners’ ability to acquire the presented information with clarity. Additionally, the relationship between the psychological principles of training and the strategies that a leader chooses to use in the training process determine the success of the learning activity. As such, it is paramount for leaders to understand the different needs of their learners to create the ideal model of training (Gunizi, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to present a training module for managers on the importance of understanding the needs of their learners. As such, the paper will discuss the content of the training as well as the process of training the group. Additionally, the paper will give reasons as to why the various training contents and processes are of importance to the group. The information that the training will cover includes the seven key psychological learning principles. The principles include behaviorism, collectivism, instructive, humanistic, cognitive, constructivist, and objectivism (Kaplan & Saccuzzo, 2013). Each of these principles presents a different perspective of the learners’ ability to learn and the various needs of learners. For instance, behaviorism associates a learner’s behavior and attitude towards information acquisition to the environment. As such, the instructor must create an environment conducive enough to make learners receptive to the information. Consequently, the constructivist principle assumes that the learner’s previous experience is of importance to information acquisition (Domjan, Grau & Krause, 2010). The various needs exhibited by the learners (the employees) informed the choice of the principles. The team consists of three groups of people who have different mechanisms of information acquisition, including visual learners, auditory learners, and kinesthetic learners. The three persons have different teaching techniques; therefore, to influence their decision, one must make use of different teaching mechanisms. The seven principles of psychological learning will inform the leaders on the importance of using
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in the first months of 2020, was almost immediately called “infodemic”: new and often inaccurate information about the virus, its characteristics, and consequences spread at a much higher speed than the virus itself. The term infodemic in a broad sense means the massive dissemination of an excessive amount of information about it during an epidemic (including through media channels), in a narrower sense – panic texts about concealing truthful information, alarm warnings, pseudo-medical advice from non-existent doctors, folk recipes “for protection,” and rumors about the true origin of the disease (bacteriological weapon) (Cinelli et al.). In the situation of the coronavirus epidemic, the most massive in social networks and oral conversations (and with a high degree of trust) are not conspiracy “political” fake news, but texts devoted to folk and pseudo-medical methods of protecting against infection and fighting the disease (Cinelli et al.). The uncertainty about the virus and the presence of competing hypotheses leads to the blurring of scientific authority and the emergence of various alternative expertises, which can both compete with each other and overlap each other. A situation of “expertise outside the expert community” appears, that is, the production of knowledge outside official expert communities. The “framework” of those is, first of all, the idea of ​​the essence of the virus and the dynamics of its spread, as well as the “knowledge” of how to stop or reduce the spread of the virus, what treatment should be taken, and what place the nation-state and the world-system occupy in this process. An additional factor that interferes with these processes is the actual participation of artificial intelligence in social interactions as a mediator or active participant (Adly). Self-isolation, “social distancing,” or lockdowns imposed by most governments worldwide could only exacerbate the observed upward trend in online social interactions (Koeze & Popper). In this situation, online culture becomes another critical variable, as it ultimately mediates the deployment of epistemic practices associated with COVID-19 (Lavazza & Farina). Most people today receive information about the new coronavirus from the Internet, but they cannot assess the degree of its reliability or turn to an expert authority due to the crisis of confidence in this latter. Thus, according to the recommendations of many doctors and WHO representatives, it is necessary to stop or slow down the spread of infodemic so that medical information reaches the population (World Health Organization). However, the use of repressive measures – blocking information sources, the media and social networks, and messengers, the use of criminal punishment for individuals spreading fake news is not considered by the scientific and medical community as adequate measures in this sense. As such, measures are proposed aimed at fostering the ability of the population to analyze incoming information: the
Introduction Competition plays a pivotal role in determining the profitability and survival of businesses in various industries. However, the level of competition varies from one market to another, thereby leading to different market structures, which affect the market place differently. One of the most prominent market structures is monopolistic competition. This paper shall set out to discuss this market structure. This shall be done by applying its structural and competition characteristics to KFC, which is an internationally renowned quick service restaurant franchise. Monopolistic Competition: A Brief Overview According to Mankiw (2011), market structures are defined by their level of organization and their differences in characteristics. Monopolistic competition markets are characterized by the presence of a large number of small firms, sale of differentiated products (similar but not identical), limited barriers to enter or exit an industry, and extensive technological and pricing knowledge among buyers and sellers (Mankiw, 2011). Lambin and Schuiling (2012) state that as a result of large numbers of close substitutes produced within this market structure; firms display a demand curve that is relatively elastic. KFC Case Study In any given state in America, there are over 50 different quick service restaurants dealing with close substitute products. According to Mankiw (2011), a monopolistic competition market structure is characterized by the presence of numerous small firms, each being relatively small in comparison to the overall market size. Due to this saturation of firms, sellers of differentiated products have minimal market control in determining the prevailing price or quantity of their products. KFC is one of over 100 eateries operating in America. As such, if the price of a chicken burger is about $3, each restaurant (KFC included) sells its chicken burger within that price range. Setting a higher price would give KFC’s numerous competitors a competitive advantage as the quantity demand for KFC products drop and clients switch to other restaurants. Similarly, Lambin and Schuiling (2012) assert that firms in monopolistic competition industries sell similar products, which are slightly different (differentiated products). Product differentiation enables firms in a monopolistic competitive industry have a competitive advantage over their rivals. For example, chicken sold by KFC, Red Rooster or Nandos may come from the same supplier. However, each of these restaurants cook, pack, or serve their end product differently from each other. Thirdly, resource mobility in a monopolistic competition industry is relatively easy in regard to entry and exit. This means that entry barriers such as state policies, regulations, start-up costs are minimal. Similarly, firms can exit the industry with little to no restrictions (Taylor & Weerapana, 2007). In addition, firms can acquire resources, labor and capital without being discriminated upon. This can be evid
Employees in any organization go about their tasks motivated by various drivers. The primary drivers of motivation may be as simple as discomfort or hunger. They may as well be influenced by drivers that are conceptual, such as the desire to hit a target or to handle a challenging assignment. Depending on the conditions at the moment, the range of motivators may alter over time. The change may stretch to months, years, or even on a daily basis. Managers should therefore fully understand which theory to is to be applied in order to create a fruitful teamwork that makes it possible and easy to attain the organizational objectives. Many HR performance issues result from underlying motivational problems that are external to the work environment, such as health. Health as an employee performance motivator Maintenance of programs that promote health among employees is a major way to motivate them. Such programs prevent illnesses among the workers and also help manage chronic diseases. Apart from motivating workers to extend their abilities towards the attainment of objectives, they also play a major role in controlling the health care costs within an organization. Human beings usually find it difficult to keep up with proper health maintenance. Sometimes it gets more convenient to eat junk food and drive even within short distances. Wellness programs motivate employees through elimination of unhealthy habits and practices (Lerberghe, Adams, & Ferrinho, 2002). Their focus on tasks and targets gets improved and this increases their general effectiveness. The employer benefits from improved employee productivity, lower absenteeism and employee turnover, as well as reduced on-the-job injuries and accidents. A healthy pool of employees possesses the productivity required to create a sustainable return on investment because health and safety policies make people more effective when performing their tasks. In addition, it ensures that an employee is not overburdened in the event that a fellow worker fails to perform due to a health-related complication. Wellness and health programs offer help to employees who suffer an addiction to smoking, drug and alcohol abuse. Instead of getting punished, they get rewarded by enrolling in counsel
Introduction Leadership is a process that guides individuals to realize their personal goals and empower others (Amanchukwu, Stanley, & Ololube, 2015). Personally, I have a powerful leadership philosophy that supports my goals. I always use the leadership strategy to ensure the intended objectives are realized in a timely manner. The leadership strategy has made it easier for me to empower others in my workplace. This paper uses the skills approach to assess the effectiveness of my leadership strategy. My strengths and weaknesses as a leader will be outlined. A powerful plan that can be used to improve my leadership abilities will also be presented. Leadership Approach Organizational and team leaders should use various strategies to influence their followers. The skills approach encourages leaders to focus on specific abilities that can be developed by their followers (Northouse, 2015). Personally, I have developed a number of skills that can deliver positive results. For instance, my technical skills guide me to focus on specific activities that can improve performance. My proficiency in modern technologies and business practices always support the effectiveness of our company. I always encourage my followers to develop appropriate technical skills in order to become experts in computer packages, marketing, and customer service. Human skills have always guided me to interact, collaborate, and mentor others. I have always analyzed the diverse needs of the targeted teammates and followers. I use such skills to promote decision-making, problem-solving, and critical thinking (Amanchukwu et al., 2015). The workers are usually guided to work as teams whenever focusing on the organization’s business goals. The practice has led to increased levels of motivation. My conceptual skill makes it easier for me to support the firm’s mission and vision. I understand how to develop conceptual (or hypothetical) ideas and communicate them to my followers. These ideas are used to guide the targeted followers. Throughout the process, individuals are equipped with personalized support and resources (Northouse, 2015). It is also my goal to ensure the followers develop similar skills in order to become proficient leaders. Strengths and Weaknesses I have developed adequate human skills that support my interaction with other people. I am a good mentor who supports the growth of every follower. I can successfully align hypothetical ideas with organizational goals or objectives. My leadership approach creates the best environment for continuous learning and improvement (Northouse, 2015). Additionally, I have become a good communicator,
Concept Generation Stylish Kicks Shoe Crafters Ltd is a company that designs and makes footwear. It has been in business for the last 12 years. We have been looking to expand our operations by diversifying our range of products further. Our Research & Development department in the course of its intensive research work has identified existence of a market gap for maternity shoes. It has interviewed several expectant mothers who have given them valuable input regarding the challenges they face when oedema kicks in and what kinds of shoes they would want to wear in those circumstances. The Ministry of Public Health has also been instrumental in providing useful information for Stylish Kicks ltd in consideration of executing the maternity footwear idea. The information includes statistics of pregnancy oedema in the country, consequences of wearing inappropriate shoes, and the importance of good posture in pregnancy. Stylish Kicks ltd is therefore gearing up for a new product line, maternity footwear, specifically designed for moms to be. We plan to call it for Mama . Concept Screening We will follow the following evaluation criteria: Feasibility Now, Stylish Kicks will be out to find out how practical launching for Mama is going to be. We will seek to know whether the market is large enough as to justify investment of capital in the project. The target market, needless to say, is the expectant women and their population is obviously substanti
Newark is one of America’s most fascinating cities with a rich history of prosperity, downfall and finally rising within ranks once more. Before the war, Newark was a prosperous industrial hub with prominence and great wealth. After the war however, the situation changed tremendously for the city. Corruption infected the political class, industries were abandoned, the white community fled the city, crime, poverty, and racial conflict set in. In the early 1900, reformers considered that municipal governments were part of the woes that inflicted cities including “partisan politics, corruption, wasteful spending, and all manner of vice and immorality” (Tuttle 89). Galveston’s government for example was accused of political corruption in preceding years. A group of its businessmen then, “suggested creating an orderly, corporate board-style commission to oversee rebuilding task” (Tuttle 90). This commission type of governance was then adapted by other cities as it was thought to be the solution to problems afflicting cities (Tuttle 90). The commissions comprised of five officials holding execute and legislative powers of the city collectively but one holding the mayor’s position. At this time, a committee set up in Newark found out that the level of “prostitution, casual sex, gambling, drug abuse, and intermingling of races” (Tuttle 92) had risen sharply and they blamed the degeneration of the Newark moral code “lack of supervision of young women, the influx of immigrants, and corrupt or lazy policemen who refused to enforce the law” (Tuttle 93). To curb these vices, reformist business leaders and clergymen welcomed the Prohibition Act that was hence enforced throughout the era. Newark adapted the national trend of adopting the commission government but some led by the mayor, Thomas Raymond opposed the commission out of fear that it could not root out corruption (Tuttle 92). However, the system was adopted and seemed to work in the initial years until it proved to be unsustainable for the city. Of the five commissioners that served Newark at that time, Commissioner Benn enchanted the majority of Newark residents with his unpartisan style of leadership. The Prohibition law created more menace than was originally anticipated because it led to breaking of law and “underworld” corruption with cooperation of police and government officials. This gave way to political connections and smuggling as beer was smuggled into Newark (Tuttle 97). It was risky business for smugglers because they faced frequent hijackings and arrests. One such audacious smuggler was Longy Zwillman and Reinfeld who were recognized as serious about their business (Tuttle 99). They sold “only top-notch whisky” unlike the other bootleggers. They learned how, when and who to bribe to remain in business and as such, Zwillman was a target for the New York drug barons who wanted to expand their underworld business. Ruggiero Boiardo was an example who came to Newark to build his empire (Tuttle 102). All this w