ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
One of the most important operations in any business is employing individuals to fill in vacancies in the company. However, managers should realize that the main purpose of hiring new individuals is not simply to fill in vacancies but rather hiring should be aimed at finding the right person for the job. The failure would lead to either a vicious cycle of hiring or having to contend with an employee who would a liable and not an asset to the company. Many companies in their bid to perform this important task tend to be selective, basing their hiring of new workers on some biased misconceptions. These misconceptions may include age, race, gender, religious background and health status among others. Hiring of new employees should be done at the discretion of the company’s management, such misconceptions may have effects which may reverberate throughout the company. It is such employment discrimination practice that may lead to hiring of employees not based on their experience and qualification for the job, but rather because they fit the external qualifications which, by and large, are not related to work performance. With the current policies that are aimed at curbing any form of discrimination in our societies, such businesses may find themselves going tough not only with various human rights bodies, trade unions but also with the government. One of the dangers of selective employment of individuals based on either of these misconceptions is the likelihood of the discriminated potential employees logging a lawsuit against the company. Many companies have lost millions of shillings in lawsuits logged by the would-be employees due to discrimination. The main purpose of setting a business is profit maximization thus anything that might impede the company’s match towards this goal should be avoided at all costs. Lawsuits and eventual fines imposed on companies due to discrimination against certain would-be employees are unnecessary losses that companies should cut down in all ways possible. Moreover, discrimination has become a very sensitive issue in the world today that, not only is the company at risk of being fined by authorities, but also they risk being shunned upon. This may lead to loss of customers and, moreover, potential employees may avoid such companies. In some cases, the company may also lose their current employees, too. Loss of customers would definitely affect the company’s turnover while inability to hire new employees; and losing the existing employees may also compound the problem. Stringent labor market laws and the cutthroat competition that exist in the labor market would force the company’s management to choose between sticking to their employment discrimination policies and hiring qualified individuals without any misconceptions. In conclusion, the ability to give maximum input into any task in a company has no relationship with someone’s skin color, gender or religious background. If a company has a mandate to fill any vacant position, they should do so based on universally acce
Children’s diseases have always been of great concern because people at an early age might suffer from illnesses much more than adults. Besides, many children are unwilling to follow the procedures and rules needed for treating or avoiding a disease. In this respect, infections are particularly dangerous, with the current pandemic of COVID-19 being the most terrifying of them. Asthma and childhood allergies also cause concern in parents and require special knowledge on how to deal with the ailments. The purpose of this paper is to give answers to the questions about the diseases described and to discuss a significant concept relating to them. Including families in educational programs designed to reduce communicable illness is important because all parents should be aware of the signs of such an ailment, the transmission mechanism, and the measures to tackle the problem. Information about communicable diseases and the plan of actions to deal with them is especially significant for large families where children can easily catch an infection from their siblings. Besides, children themselves should also understand the importance of the problem and do what they can to take care of their health. Participating in the educational programs might help boys and girls take more responsibility for their well-being and the health of their brothers, sisters, friends, and classmates. Speaking about the videos and web-sites of this week, I regard “Parenting Advice: Childhood illnesses every parent should know!” as the most useful one. The reason is that it overviews the diseases that children most often go down with and describes the whole process of ailments; the anatomic pictures help to understand what goes wrong in each case. In my opinion, to some factors that may be contributing to an increased incidence of childhood allergies and asthma belong the state of the environment and people’s lack of responsibility for the health of others. Having asthma is envisaged by a combination of genes but the external factors might worsen the situation. In fact, allergic asthma is the most common form of bronchial asthma that occurs in both children and adults. Both allergic asthma and allergies are caused by allergens contained in the environment. Due to air pollution, secondhand smoke, and chemicals, the content of allergens in the environments becomes higher every year. If people took more responsibility for the health of others and the environment, there would be fewer cases of asthma and allergies in children. As for the care about a child suffering from asthma, I know the basic things, for example, it is important
Introduction Aubrey Brown worked for the state as an army officer who participated in the Vietnam War. While working there, he found himself exposed to Agent Orange. As a result of that exposure, Aubrey got affected with lung cancer. He is now not able to continue working. He is now entitled to the Social Security disability payments and has since received $ 12,000. Aubrey Brown thinks that if he had been okay, he would not be eligible for this money. Therefore, this amount should not be part of the gross taxable income. Another reason is that the injury he suffers occurred during his service in the army as an employee of the state. He has to be fully entitled to compensation. The Issue Should Aubrey Brown apply for Taxability exemption for his social security disability payment of $ 12,000? Analysis For this issue, there are a couple of rules of the law that refer to several provisions. The specific law that deals with Taxable and Nontaxable Income is the Publication 525 of the Internal Revenue Services. It states that: Military and Government Disability Pensions Certain military and government disability pensions are not taxable. Service-connected disability: You may be able to exclude from income amounts you receive as a pension, annuity, or similar allowance for personal injury or sickness resulting from active service in one of the following government services.   * The armed forces of any country.   * The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.   * The Public Health Service.   * The Foreign Service. Conditions for exclusion: Do not include the disability payments in your income if any of the following conditions apply.  1. You were entitled to receive a disability payment before September 25, 1975.  2. You were a member of a listed government service or its reserve component or were under a binding written commitment to become a member, on September 24, 1975.  3. You receive the disability payments for a combat-related injury. It is a personal injury or sickness that:  1.       1. Results directly from armed conflict,      2. Takes place while you are engaged in extra-hazardous service,      3. It takes place under conditions simulating war, including training exercises such as maneuvers, or      4. Is caused by an instrumentality of war.  1. You would be entitled to receive disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) if you filed an application for it. Your exclusion under this condition is equal to the amount you would be entitled to receive from the VA (Internal Revenue Service, n.d). From this law, it is evident that it covers the military personnel. Aubrey was in the military War of Vietnam. His injury is combat-related, and the war was in an extra-hazardous service. The lung cancer results from the Agent Orange exposure, which is an instrumentality of war (Bertoni, 2010). Publication 525 encompasses Aubrey, and he is entitled to apply for the specific tax exemption on his Social Securities income. Fig.1 Calculation of Increase in Living Expenses.                                                    Actu
In times of stagnation, every company must consider its options for a change in management approach, especially in drastic situations that have the potential to drag it down from the dominating position on the market. Currently, Huawei faces significant challenges due to several factors that have an adverse effect on its growth and revenue. According to Shu (2020), despite seeing revenue of $100.7 billion, which is “an increase of 9.9% year-over-year, with a profit margin of 8%,” the company’s growth has slowed down immensely in comparison with 2019. This issue stems primarily from the trade conflict between the United States and China, in which the company has been caught due to its sheer size and several close ties with the Chinese government (Hart & Link, 2020). This staggering growth signifies the need to change the strategy of the company and adopt the set of principles that will lead it toward the alleviation of the impact of this conflict. This essay will discuss what breakout strategy is suitable for Huawei’s senior management team that will help the company to escape its current challenging situation. Many growth strategies were already successfully implemented by the company, as it has been expanding into the markets of over 150 countries, gained an immense customer base, and continues to release new product lines. However, the success of Huawei has been recently attributed to the special treatment that the company receives from Chinese state banks, which reduced its operational costs and allowed it to set its prices lower than its competitors could afford (Hart & Link, 2020). These issues drag the company down, which signifies the need for the implementation of a breakout strategy. In this situation, the company still holds the dominant position within the industry, although its primary market is narrow (Finkelstein et al., 2006). The breakout strategy that is suitable for a company of this size and in this position is expanding the horizons. The company has a significant advantage in the form of in-depth knowledge of the networks. The fact that many networks across the globe use Huawei equipment caused a major security concern to the United States, but also implies that its products are renowned for their quality (Hart & Link, 2020). Nowadays, the President and his administration try to bring additional attention to this fact and impose limitations that will severely weaken Huawei’s ability to support its growth primarily by supplying network equipment (Hart & Link, 2020). Since the concern of the company is that its 5G network equipment will be put under sanctions, it has to come up with a way to change the playing field. The primary strategy that could prove useful for Huawei is to focus on innovative technology that will give Huawei new leverage on the market. Possibly, the early exploration of the new type
Introduction Historically, the UAE used to have a variety of issues concerning housing projects. Othman (2008) stresses that numerous projects were unsustainable and inefficient. At present, the governments of Abu Dhabi and Dubai have announced that a number of initiatives will commence ( Sheikh Zayed housing programme 2013). For instance, the government is committed to provide each Emirati family with a proper house ( Emirati housing programmes 2013). Eligible Emirati citizens will be able to get more than Dh3bn in loans (Malek 2013). It is also necessary to note that the construction will be held in terms of social, cultural and environmental sustainability ( Cityscape Abu Dhabi 2013). Admittedly, this is a positive initiative that will lead to development and sustainability in the society. For instance, a member of the FNC (Federal National Council), Dr Qubaisi claimed that the housing programme could provide “the society and people of the UAE and Abu Dhabi with stability” (Malek 2013). It is also necessary to add that such projects as artificial islands reveal the existing trend, i.e. the desire to astonish and attract people. Of course, Emirati people welcome the new initiatives. However, there are certain concerns. Issues and Concerns For instance, Dubai and Abu Dhabi have been changed considerably. The two emirates have become more modern and efficient. For instance, the city of Masdar can be regarded as an illustration of the government’s commitment. The city is the first carbon-free urban area and it is an example of sustainable development (Stilwell & Lindabury 2008). Admittedly, such comprehensive projects can help solve numerous urban issues, e.g. energy shortage, overpopulation. Nonetheless, such projects are still being discussed as long-term effects of such cities are rather obscure. At the same time, they have been losing cultural heritage and roots as Dubai as well as Abu Dhabi are becoming similar to any other western city. Lots of tourists are attracted and constructing companies tend to adopt western approaches. Apart from cultural heritage, the development of the two emirates has led to the increase in real estate prices ( Cityscape Abu Dhabi 2013). Notably, the government of the UAE is trying to control the prices. Importantly, the government has succeeded to slow down the rise of the prices, but the real estate costs are still very high ( Cityscape Abu Dhabi 2013). Admittedly, a number of factors affect the rise of prices. However, it is important to consider the extent to which the housing development has affected the real-estate pricing. To evaluate effectiveness of the housing development in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, it can be fruitful to compare it with the similar projects held in Singapore. At present, Singapore is seen as one of the best places to live in Asia (Deng, Li & Quigley 2012). However, in the 1960s living standards were really low. Notably, the government of Singapore have developed urban infrastructure considerably since 1960s (Phang 2007). Thousands of people were able to own their houses, which has positively affected the development of the society. Deng, Li and
Introduction Magazines are the best way to show how advertising affects the buying habits of people. Considered a niched marketing field, magazines advertisements are specifically targeted towards a particular buying population of society. This advertising is done in two ways. The first way being the traditional advertising method, direct to the point ad placements openly suggesting you try or buy a product, and the indirect or viral method, which is done through the magazine covers and stories wherein products are either shown as part of a photo shoot of a celebrity feature, or as part of an article written in the magazine. Either way, both methods are guaranteed advertising revenue for the magazine and any particular product endorser virally featured in the magazine The most successful use of these 2 types of advertising can be best seen, in my own opinion, in the Sports Illustrated magazine pages. A simple look at the magazine cover layout tells one that the creative staff of the magazine is trying to target a particular age or sports interest demographic from the get go. The colors used are in deep shades that men often identify with. The glossy background color is first and foremost used to highlight and center the interest of the reader on the person on the cover of the magazine. No frills and posed pictures for this magazine. The pictures are capable of telling a thousand stories even before the reader scans a written word. That is the beauty of Sport’s Illustrated Magazine. Photos and creative advertising carry the interest of the reader from page to su
The Competitive Forces and Value Chain Models Pfizer as an investor in the pharmaceutical has made great advances that will help it continue to lead in supplying medicine over a long period of time despite competition. Industry attractiveness and the profitability of long-run industry are determined by five competitive forces as described by Porter (tutor2u, n.d.). Pfizer’s business is faced with a wide range of threat that can be grouped in the above five groups. The medicine industry is attracting more and more people for investments. As the government continues to support efforts to have more participants in the provision of health for the people, the barriers to enter the industry are being minimized and this is exposing Pfizer to more dangers of competition. The access to the distribution channels and the market itself is becoming easier on a daily basis, making it favorable for new players to enter the industry. Some of the competitive advantages that Pfizer may continue enjoying include the already established channels of distribution. It is already marketing eight of the world’s top 25 medicines (Barry, 2003). With that, new entrants may find it harder to compete with Pfizer where they have already gained grounds. The rivalry between the competing players is set to increase with the rise of population, among other favorable factors. However, Pfizer is set to encounter the competition challenge with an already established strategy of acquiring leading competitors. One of the companies it has acquired include Wyeth, whose acquisition was completed in 2009 (Pfizer, 2009). The acceptance of over-the-counter drugs has been instrumental in the business of the pharmaceutical companies over the years. Therefore, each and every player is set to gain from such moves. Pfizer has been a strong bargainer for policies that will favor the pharmaceutical industry and has sought to take advantage of them after adoption. Having already taken over distribution of a substantial amount of drugs in the market such as huge chunks of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs market, existing competitors may find it difficult to eliminate Pfizer in the market. Of course, it has taken advantage in the provision of the most wanted drugs in terms of demand, such as antidepressants and pain killers. On a consumer perspective, usage of these drugs is high as compared to the past, following favorable factors such as increasing population, increase of complications from illnesses and increase of illnesses themselves-for example cancer and mental disorders among others. Customers in the pharmaceutical industry have been won through advertisement with every $1 spent on direct-to-customer advertising gains $4
Researchers admit that it is vital to instill confidence in students. However, it can be difficult to instill confidence and provide constructive criticism to the student. Teaching assistant should exploit a variety of tools to achieve this goal. Some of the most effective tools are various types of feedback and development of students’ autonomy. Tapp and Lively (2009) note that effective feedback is one of the most potent tools to provide constructive criticism and praise students. Thus, the teaching assistant should provide specific feedback on each assignment given to students. The feedback should consist of two parts. First, the teaching assistant should praise the student’s work defining the strongest parts of the work. After that, it is crucial to define the weakest points. Of course, criticism should not be insulting. It can be a good idea to put leading questions which can help the student improve the work. It is necessary to encourage the student to provide an in-depth research on the matter. The teaching assistant should also show particular parts of the work to improve. Importantly, each assignment should be evaluated as students feel that their effort is appreciated and valued (Tapp & Lively, 2009). Tapp and Lively (2009) also claim that it is important to look for something positive in any work. Students should not be discouraged by the instructor’s comments. Novice teaching assistants often make a big mistake. They try not to discourage students by providing incomplete criticism. In other words, they simply discuss only some mistakes ignoring the rest of errors made by students. Another mistake is that teaching assistants provide quite vague comments. This is an ineffective practice. It is important to comment upon each error and each weak place. At that, the teaching assistant should provide comprehensive and clear commentaries so that the student can easily use the commentaries in future. Developing students’ autonomy can also be effective as this will help the teaching assistant provide constructive criticism and, at the same time, help the student develop confidence (Stephenson, 1998). Students should not be dependent on their instructors. The teaching assistant should encourage students to be more autonomous. Peer assessment and self-assessment can be effective. The teaching assistant then provides feedback on the works which were evaluated by students. The teaching assistant will assess the work and the students’ evaluation. Again, it is important to start with praising and then it is crucial to provide comprehensive commentaries on the drawbacks of the paper (and evaluation). This will help students develop critical