ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The literature review is on Police service transformation evaluating the transformation leadership and suitability of transformational leadership in the Homicide Division. In the Police Service, other styles of leadership have prevailed compared to the model of transformational leadership. Different scholars have argued differently on the appropriateness of transformational leadership in the Police Service, especially in the homicide division a department that deals with cases of homicide on daily basis. This review will examine different arguments on transformational leadership, which are significant in the study. It will evaluate how to integrate transformational leadership into the division and analyse factors that hamper the transformational leadership and critically assess the effectiveness of implementation, analyse the efficiency of Transformational Leadership, its implication on improvement of organisational performance and make recommendations. Theoretical perspective Transformational leadership is a leadership style that involves working together with others (Bass 1998). It creates a situation where the people involved participate in the process of leadership (Bass 1998). The transformation leadership model advocates for distribution of power, such that everyone participates in leadership (Avolio 1999). This means that a transformational leader is the one who is able to engage the effort of others to attain a common objective (Avolio 1999). Transformational leadership involves the ability to communicate the objectives and goals to everyone involved to elicit their support (Bass 1997). The transformational leader must motivate the people involved and communicate the objectives effectively to encourage teamwork (Bass 1999). Transformational leadership is team-oriented hence achievement of the objectives relies not on individual but on the collective effort (Chen 1989). The Homicide Division focused on the transactional theories of leadership where power belongs to one individual who has the responsibility of using that power to ensure that there is achievement (Meese 2004). This authoritative model of leadership empowers the individual to punish those who disobey orders while rewarding those who are obedient (Vick 2000). Many cases of discernment among the police officers result from this style as it makes the subordinates resented because it leaves no avenue for the juniors to express their opinions or ideas about achievement of objectives (Vick 2000). The experiences of juniors may transcend improper investigations of homicide. This is because achievement of objectives requires cooperation of both the leader and the juniors. The cooperation can be forced or earned. In transactional model of leadership, the tasks require cooperation of both the leader and subordinates (Meese 2004). It is
Rail Australia is undoubtedly the leading organization in the provision of rail transport and passenger services in Australia. Major rail operators in Australia have formed an alliance to deliver joint tourist-oriented and passenger services. Rail operations and infrastructure are not only owned and managed by government agencies but also by private operators. Rail operators include Countrylink, Great Southern Rail, Transwa and Traveltrain Holidays (Rail Australia, 2010). Countrylink offers long distance services to travelers in New South Wales and other 360 destinations. Traveler services include XPT, XPLORER and the Country Coach Network. Great Southern Rail is tourism oriented and service operations offered by this operator include the Overland, Indian Pacific and the Ghan. Transwa is a regional transporter in Western Australia and it services more than 275 destinations. The last operator in the organization is Traveltrain Holidays which delivers diversified services to both long distance passengers and tourists. It also offers a number of distinct travel packages tailored to suit all customers. Porter’s 5 Forces in the industry Traditional competition is very high because of the existence of stiff competition as evidenced by the number of distinguished rail service providers. Each service provider aims to be the leading in the industry in the satisfaction of traveler needs and thusly the continuous diversification of traveler packages. Profitability within the industry is influenced by the delivery of customized packages to suit every clientele. For instance, almost every operator offers more than three types of service operations based on the targeted market. Porter’s 5 forces existing in the Australian rail organization are confirmed by rivalry in market control within the industry. There is high entry of substitute products and services into the market. This is well explained by the highly diversified traveler packages provided by the different rail operators. Horizontal forces include the ever changing alternative passenger and tourist packages. The diversification of service operations forces operators to develop new products. Established rail operators are also using their economies of scale to increase their profitability levels as well as funding their operation levels. The last among the horizontal forces is the threats associated with the entry of new operators (Porter, 2000). The entry of new rail service providers is low because other rail operators are very established and are jointly owned by the organization. Therefore the major obstacle faced by new entrants is establishing their services to compete with those standards prevailing in the industry and partly due to the lack of economies of scale (Laudon and Laudon, 2006). The customer’s bargain power is high because there is availability of a varie
Introduction Girl Powdering Her Neck is a poem by Cathy Song. The poem contains a description of an artwork that is a Japanese woodblock print. This print depicts a woman looking in the mirror. In the poem, Song expresses her thoughts and perception of the artwork. The author uses her imagination to elaborate on who the woman in the print may be, where she is, and what she is doing. Structure of the Poem The poem under discussion is written using a blank verse structure which stands for the absence of rhyme. In terms of stanzas, the poem does not have a stable division. Instead, it is subdivided into pieces by their contents. In total, there are seven parts in this poem. The work starts and ends with parts that could be recognized as the introduction and conclusion. In the middle, it is divided into several bits that describe the room, the girl’s hair, her morning ritual, clothes and face, and the way she looks at her reflection in the mirror. When it comes to rhythm, the poem does not have one either. The length of the lines differs significantly throughout the poem. Some of them contain eight to ten syllables, and some – only three or five. Finally, the last part seems to be a haiku as it contains seventeen syllables, but instead of the traditional 5-7-5 structure, it has one misplaced syllable forming a 5-8-4 structure. Language Devices The poem is delivered in the form of a narration where the author provides a detailed description of the girl who is getting ready in the morning. Painting the verbal picture, the author mentions a variety of aspects of the environment that surrounds the girl. When Song writes about the girl’s appearance, she uses simile several times. For example, describing the girl’s hair, Song writes “Her hair is black/ with hints of red/ the color of seaweed/ spread over rocks” (12-15). In these lines, the author likens the girls’ hair to seaweed due to the similarity in color, and perhaps, shape and structure. Two more examples of simile are in the following lines: “and the curve of a shoulder/ like the slope of a hill” (30-31), “her face appears in the mirror/ a reflection in a winter pond” (34-35). I like how the author compares the girl’s appearance and actions to the beauty of nature because, in my opinion, the natural beauty of hills, ponds, rocks, and water with seaweed is more striking than anything made by people. Moreover, the author uses several metaphors in the following lines: “maple leaves/drifting across the silk” (25-26) and “the mouthparts/ as if desiring to disturb” (43-44). Here, embroidered leaves are portrayed as moving objects, and the girl’s mouth – as an animate individual with desires. Sound Devices In terms of sound devices, the author uses assonance in the first line: “the light is inside” (1) repeating the stressed
The inventions of Thomas Edison, the brilliant American scientist, and entrepreneur, are relevant today, even though more than a century has passed since their creation. One of his most outstanding developments is an electric that was patented in the 19th century and changed the lives of people significantly. Due to this invention, a new round in science was achieved, and humanity entered a new industrial era. Before Edison invented the electric lamp, centralized electric networks had not existed. However, with the advent of this development, people got an opportunity to illuminate large areas due to the ordered energy of the current rather than local lighting devices. Edison was the first to organize the streaming production of electric lamps and designed their basic configuration. As a result, people were able to control lighting levels and use electricity wisely. Today, the traditional design of Edison’s lamp is used in many lighting fixtures. Although many innovations in the electricity industry have been developed since its inception, the classic design of this device does not lose popularity. Due to a simple d reliable construction, bulbs with filament are utilized in both domestic and industrial needs. In addition, the appearance of such a device gave impetus to the development of science in the field of electricity. Many new developments appeared due to Edison’s achievements, who was one of the founders of the practical application of current. The electric lamp was one of the many inventions of the great scientist, but it was this development that glorified Edison most of all and became the subject associated with the inventor. The introduction of compressed current energy marked the transition to a new technological era. The outcome of Edison’s work may be seen in almost any home today, and the value of his contribution to science is undeniable.
Accelerating the Generation and Uptake of New Nursing Knowledge Healthcare informatics has several means of accelerating the generation and spread of nursing knowledge. For example, Harper (2013) dwells on the way IT can accumulate the data on best practices (the author uses the example of staffing) and offer the opportunity to analyze it, thus producing evidence-based instructions and suggestions on the topic. Typically, I have the chance to use the output of such analyses; I have never been directly involved in this process of knowledge generation. Also, Wrenn, Stein, Bakken, and Stetson (2010) point out the possibility and practice of using nursing IT to improve the coordination and communication of important knowledge between institutions and individual practitioners (p. 52). Mantalvo (2013) offers a specific case of such communication: benchmarking and reporting quality criteria, which exist because of the improved nation-wide communication and which offer individual institutions a more or less objective measurement of their performance. Naturally, I have encountered this form of information sharing and communication; I tend to think that by standardizing the quality of care, we can ensure its continuous improvement nation-wide. According to Sipes (2016), healthcare informatics is transforming the way nurses use data and information, and, as can be seen from the presented examples, this change includes the acceleration of knowledge generation and communication. Electronic Health Records: Pros and Cons I chose to explain the benefits and drawbacks of Electronic Health Records (EHR) to a patient because my colleagues typically have some knowledge on the topic (even though they might want to expand it). Unfortunately, patients are mostly ignorant in this respect. As a result, I chose the advantages and disadvantages that, in my opinion, are central to patien
Strong perceptions of worldwide disgrace and self-preservation followed on the heels of World War I among the vanquished Germans. These perceptions emanated from the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, a document that initiated deep-rooted and intense sentiments of nationalistic pride which Hitler and the Nazi Party ultimately exploited for their own objective of world domination. The map of Europe was transformed in the aftermath of WWI. Germany lost about half its territory. The diminished borders further fueled political, cultural, and social clashes between regions. The map in the Middle East was also altered, a circumstance which, not surprisingly, had a similar effect amongst indigenous persons in the region. Britain’s three provinces of the former Mesopotamia, Palestine, and created Iraq, a country, which experiences heated internal rivalries to this day. According to the terms of the treaty, the Germans were forced to relinquish the Alsace-Lorraine region to France and consented to a military occupation by the allies (American, British, French, and Belgian) in the majority of western Germany including the Rhineland and many cities. Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Denmark gained sections of former German territories. Additionally, the German Navy was reduced significantly to only a handful of small vessels. Financial reparations outlined in the treaty were substantial and ambiguous. Germany was forced to effectively sign over a blank check to the countries of Western Europe, an enormous amount that was to be paid out for several decades (“The Treaty of Versailles”, 2007). While the treaty of Versailles was intended as a punishment and a means of controlling the expansionists, the Germans did not view their actions in such light and felt the treaty went too far in reducing its territory and ability to protect itself. It was perceived that Germany was being whittled away and most Germans were more than willing to defend their country from the ultimate destruction they were certain was intended. The Treaty of Versailles was unquestionably the catalyst that not only ignited the fire of resentment and calls for retaliation by the vast majority of Germans but continually fanned the flames as well during the years leading up to WWII. The treaty caused the widespread confusion and discontent that ruled Germany immediately after the WWI surrender. The resentment of Western involvement in Arab lands began at this time which initiated nationalistic Arab and Islamic movements. Unlike the resentment of the German people, the tensions in the Middle East were not resolved by World War Two. “Everyone understood at the time that this was a thinly disguised new form of colonialism…,” according to Zachary Lockman, Professor of Middle East history at New York University. “The British and French had no thought of going anywhere anytime soon, and fully intended to remain in control of these territories for the indefinite future.” However, following the war, Arab opposition forces surfaced to challenge Western domination. As of today, the cultural, religious, and social differences between people of the Middle
Introduction Hayun, Sam & Gavin (2009) define a smartphone as “a high-end mobile phone built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone”. Looking at smartphones today, this definition holds a lot of truth compared to a few years back. The first smartphones can be easily compared to the regular phones in the market today as they had even less features than what a regular phone has. As recorded by (Hendricks, 2010), “the first smart phones were devices that mainly combined the functions of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile phone or camera phone”. These functionalities have been greatly modified now to suit the different needs that arise in the current markets. Like Dziri (2011) explains, “today’s models also serve to combine the functions of portable media players, low-end compact digital cameras, pocket video cameras, and GPS navigation units”. The modern smartphone is constantly undergoing change and upgrade, sometimes even making it hard for regular consumers to keep up. Technology providers and designers are constantly doing their best to outdo each other and ensure supremacy in the markets. The OS industry is today arguably the most competitive industry. Functionalities available in smartphones continue to increase even as the needs in the market continue to evolve. “Modern smartphones typically also include high-resolution touch-screens, web browsers that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than just mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi and mobile broadband” (Dziri, 2011). The rate at which the devices change and new functionalities arise all prove the vibrancy in the markets. New efforts, functionalities and designs continue to pour into the market, even as consumers remain spoilt for choice. Experts argue that the trend is expected to continue making the smartphone industry among the most competitive. Even as this happens, it is expected that pressure from the markets and the rate at which trends change in the markets may force some of the players out leaving three of four major players in the market in the long run. Aims   * This paper is aimed at establishing factors that influence the decisions of the youths o acquire a smartphone. Objectives   * Understand the background of the smartphone industry   * Analyze the smartphone market trends and the role played by the youths in this marekts   * Understand reasons why youths buy smartphones through a survey on 100 people   * Explain the significance of the study Hypothesis Different factors play different roles among youths in the process of deciding on which smartphone to get. They can be broken down as follows; Social factor:   * People are buying smartpho
Introduction In a highly competitive business of social networking platforms, it is challenging for a company to maintain its longevity and success for a long time. However, as the trends of LinkedIn’s growth in revenue and users’ activity demonstrate, persistent leading position in the market and deliberation to competitive advantage contribute to success. The present report is designed to identify trends in LinkedIn’s revenue and analyze the attributes of its continuous growth. LinkedIn Growth Trend Determinants The abundance of information and statistical data available on LinkedIn allows for thorough research of the company’s development and current trends in performance. Indeed, data availability indicates that the company is transparent and driven by its mission of building meaningful connections between people (Davis et al., 2020). LinkedIn was launched in 2003 as a professional network service, steadily occupied a stable position in the market, and was acquired by Microsoft in 2013 (Tankovska, 2021a). The company has gained the number of “more than 500 million users globally in 2017,” thus becoming “the dominating professional networking social medium” (Olsson et al., 2020, p. 2). As a leading constituent of the social networking sites sphere, LinkedIn provides its users with multiple opportunities to advance their career and employment opportunities on a global scale by interacting and forming connections with professionals from all over the world. However, the rate of annual revenue growth and an increase in the number of users is the most demonstrative determinants of the growth trend of the company, which is demonstrated in the evidence section. Evidence Within the past four years, LinkedIn has gained unprecedented rates in revenue growth and a number of registered users. As the data on the company’s operation indicate, LinkedIn continues to attract the interest of users online, with the Google search rate having increased by over 60% within the past decade, despite the long-term existence of the organization (Osman, 2021). Overall, a vivid indicator of the growth trend is the number of registered users on the platform. As Figure 1 demonstrates, the number of users registered on LinkedIn now has reached the point of 740 million members in 200 countries of the world (Osman, 2021). Thus, such a significant number demonstrates that the company occupies a solid place in its market and has a potential for sustainable development in the future. Figure 1. LinkedIn registered members. Source: Osman, 2021, para. 6. Despite the importance
Introduction In any matrimony scenario, developing a happy marriage is not a simple undertaking, as most individual perceive it to be; but rather, it is process, which requires a lot of sacrifices, insistence and, commitment. This is the case primarily because, as a partnership business, marriages also involves the coming together of individuals with difference backgrounds, values, and behavioral patterns for a common purpose; sharing their entire lives together; as they endeavor to better their lives, and always keep their love glowing (Davis, 2010, p.1). As concerns the achievement of happiness in one’s life, good marriages are primary sources of delight, to almost all individuals who have tied the knot; hence ready to spend their entire lives together. Although this is the case, as Anna (2006, p.1) argues, delight in matrimony, is a concept that cannot create itself, but rather it depends on the strategies adopted by spouses in their daily undertakings, as they endeavor to keep their promises hold as they face each new day’s challenges. On the other hand, as Stritof argues (2010, p.1) argues, although the joining together of two individuals with diverse characteristic is not a guarantee, that these individual will be happy forever, but rather happiness in life depends on principles, which couples base their marriage on. Regardless of whom individuals are, their origin, the kind of life values they hold, or their life patterns, in one way or another or at one point in their life, marriage(s) have affected or influenced patterns in their lifestyle patterns; hence, the respect, which not only the society, but also all single units within the society accord marriages. As each new day dawns life brings in many individuals’ lives many issues, which need either immediate or later solutions. Such is the case in marriage primarily because; problems never ceases once two individual decide to stay together but rather, marriages mark the onset of other special problems, as individual venture into siring. Although matrimony life has many associated problems, it is important for all individuals to note that, regardless of the magnitude of such problems, success in matrimony depends on the nature of lifestyles adopted by individuals and mechanisms adopted by individuals as they face each new day’s problems (Bruner, 2010, p.1). Strategies for a Happy Marriage In life it is important for all couples to ensure that, their marriages not only lasts, but also brings to them the joy they expect hence, the need for them to adopt workable strategies in their marriages. These strategies at all times should encompass concepts of respect, love, commitment, conviction, sincerity, openness, and above all, a communication mechanism, which should clearly spell out protocols of dealing with problems that may arise as individuals endeavor to make their lives better (Johnson, 2009, p.1). In life, although a number of strategies of