ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The world is still in shock and panic following the recent terrorist attacks that marred the 2013 Boston Marathon event in April (Gale Group para 1). The Boston Marathon is one of the major global sporting events that draw attention from virtually all parts of the world. The organization of the event, like all the other big events held in the U.S., takes great consideration of the aspect of security to arrest any eventualities. The ease with which terrorists managed to sneak through all the security surveillance during the event and planted bombs on the finish line and among crowds successfully highlights the sorry state of anti-terror efforts in the U.S. The American authorities, more so the security agencies, were caught napping. Terrorists are changing their tactics faster than the American security system can keep track. Thesis Statement Inferior security strategies, too much trust on the superpower position, and an infiltrated security agency have reduced the U.S.’s efficiency in tackling terrorism. Arguments The American anti-terror strategy is employed as a reactionary rather than proactive mechanism. The American security agencies do not work towards unmasking any plans hatched out by terrorists to attack American interests prior to the events but rather only spring up into action after damages have been done. An effective and more superior strategy would be one that follows through the secret actions of the terrorists, including hacking into their communications, and obtaining first-hand information that can be used to counter their plans. Had the American security agencies been proactive in their approach, Osama bin Laden and his team of attackers would not have found it easy to comfortably plan and attack significant spots in the country. For terrorists to identify such highly guarded areas in the country, such as the Pentagon, and successfully hatch a plan to attack, it means they had ample timing to carry out their plans. These plans involved dissidents, some of whom were comfortably residing in the country as they continued with their plans. A proactive security strategy would have at least nabbed secret communications among the terrorists, and result in a quick action that would have helped to salvage the situation. However, the only active participation of the security agency, after the September 11 attacks, was the ferocious military action in A
Introduction The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch is one of the most notable books 1 in the history of Chinese Buddhism. This work was created between the VIII and the XIII centuries in China. Its main text is based on the teachings of the sixth Chan patriarch Huineng that include the knowledge about nature and how does each human fit into its order. The primary concepts featured in the book are the perceptions of good conduct, meditation, and wisdom. Book Summary The book consists of ten chapters, each revealing either one of the primary concepts that Huineng wanted his followers to learn or the facts from his personal and professional life. The first story features a contest for power over Hongren. Even though Huineng won that contest, he had to find shelter in a monastery to protect himself from an opposing party. The second chapter is a lecture about the importance of wisdom, otherwise called prajna. According to the author, having a clear mind without any thoughts is one of the best states a person could be in to enjoy the true sense of wisdom. The next chapter focuses on the answers that Huineng gives to his followers. The main idea is that the inner side of a human is more important than his physical appearance or geographical position. The fourth and fifth chapters feature the importance of meditation and its association with wisdom. Chapter six determines the ritual of repentance. The following three chapters tell stories from Huineng’s life and the dialogues that he had with different peopl
Introduction As healthcare becomes increasingly complicated and technologically sophisticated, its efficacy and application need to be re-evaluated. Modern medicine’s reach is not infinite, and medical workers are not infallible. Sometimes the healthcare system may not be effective, especially when dealing with remote, socially disadvantaged, or otherwise notable groups of people. It has long been the case that Indigenous Australian and Torres Strait population is more likely to suffer and die from Type 2 diabetes. While the medical diagnostic measures and treatments may have advanced, their application may have remained lacking. The situation of the Indigenous and Torres Strait population can potentially be improved by implementing integrated healthcare. Before any conclusions regarding its efficacy can be made, this paper will present a discussion on Type 2 diabetes, the socioeconomic factors that influence the Indigenous population, the Social Determinants of Health, the Chronic Care Model, the Principles of Primary Health Care, and the integrated healthcare. Indigenous Health and Social Determinants Health problems do not appear out of the blue and strike at people indiscriminately. The social nature of humans, with all the complexities and inequalities inherent to it, has a profound influence on how people live their lives and what adversity they may face throughout. In practice, that means that health is dependent on social factors as well as biological ones. Examining these dependencies leads to the Social Determinants of Health, which are broad overlapping aspects of human life that can influence the person’s health and overall wellbeing (Clendon and Munns 7). These Social Determinants feature such things as child development, emotional support networks, education, and employment. Social inequalities experienced by the Indigenous and Torres Strait population create a divide in Social Determinants of Health in the Australian public. A survey conducted in 2012-13 has found that 13% of Indigenous and Torres Strait adults had diabetes. Female respondents were slightly more likely to have diabetes than male respondents. Overall, the Indigenous population was 3.5 times more likely to have diabetes than non-Indigenous Australian adults (Burns 35). Of the Indigenous people, those living in the remote areas were twice as likely to have the condition than those who lived in non-remote areas, driving the disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations even higher. Curiously, the incidence of Type 1 diabetes is slightly lower in Indigenous Australians than in non-Indigenous Australians. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent type among the Indigenous and Torres Strait people and comprised 92% of all diabetes cases. Diabetes is the second leading cause of death for that group; on average, they were twice as likely to die from diabetes than non-Indigenous Australians. There i
Definition of a key concept taken from the weekly readings from this period, that had not been clear or familiar to me before ‘Democratic space’ was taken from the weekly readings. It refers to the environment created to value the expressions, feelings, and wishes of different people (Moss, 2007). In nurseries, democratic space should give children a choice of communicating, expressing their feelings, and wishes differently (Moss, 2007). Nurseries are public gatherings and therefore use of dialogue in this gathering perpetuates democracy. Identified issue or debate that you may not have understood yet, or what to think more about from these readings. Nurseries can create an environment for democratic political practice. The writer talks about the possibility of democratic space saying that it is a choice that citizens can make. In this regard, children and adults get an opportunity to be responsible for certain actions and play certain roles. These roles include making critical decisions on matters that influence them or any other related group, and the society in whole. Children and adults can stand against any form of injustice that emanates from power (Moss, 2007). Link an idea from (a) or (b) to your workplace or to child or children that you know, or to an early childhood setting which you are familiar with; consider the application of the idea in this context. Democratic space is relevant in Early Childhood Education. Creation of a democratic environment or community is an important strategy to help people understand their human rights. ECE provides a suitable environment to educate the children on their human rights with the aim of creating a democratic environment. This kind of education helps the children to learn how to make personal decisions (Moss, 2007). In Saudi Arabia, ECE development evolves slowly (Alsharif & Atweh, 2010). This limits creation of democratic environment. This is because in the entire education system, there are practices designed for learners to understand their human rights. These
Discussing the role of the American women in the history of the United States of America, it would be relevant to refer to the book by Nancy Woloch “Women and the American Experience,” particularly to one of its chapters concerning the issues of feminism and suffrage through the period in the world history from 1860 till1920. It is important to note that the key sharp issues discussed in this chapter are: a finding of the independent women suffrage movement, the role of the constituency in this process, the role of war in the formation of the women party, and the debate over the women’s right to vote. From the late nineteenth century until 1920, the problem of whether or not to give the right to vote for women had stand quite sharply, but it was resolved by the adoption and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as the campaigns to pass this just were raised in all states of the country. Numerous women and, sympathetic with their view, men made posters, broadsides, various pamphlets, which expressed the wide range of arguments for giving the vote right to women. I refer to Nancy Woloch: “These broadsides indicate that women’s suffrage had a concrete basis in nineteenth-century ideas regarding domesticity. Periodicals and literature intended for middle-class women [Godey’s Lady’s Book, the Ladies Magazine, Mother’s Book, Harper’s Magazine] conveyed notions of the traditionally male public and traditionally female private domains” (Woloch, 2006, p. 333). Therefore, one may suggest that such publications emphasized the duty of women to keep up the purity of their homes. The movement of suffragists studied those ideas with the aim to show that having voted, women would be enabled to perform their unique abilities, which would certainly help to cope with the ills of the urban society. Such expressions of the suffragists were made not by mistake; they indeed underlined the importance of the health and family factor in order to improve the social situation as a whole. They suggested that the moral purity of the women could help in the transformation of public behavior. This propaganda was also aimed to assure the voting men of the many ways and advantages in which the votes of women could be used. According to the author of the book, such propaganda “… also sought to persuade society of the benefits these votes offered the state and nation. Women had been active in abolition, moral reform, and temperance movements during the latter half of the 1800s” (Woloch, 2006, p.125). There were also pointed out the facts of women’s participation in the administration of medicine and sanitation during the period of the Civil War, of women’s initiative in the creation of social programs for the poor people organization of the prison reform. It should be noted that such informational representation of themselves was immediately proved by the results of the public men’s polls. Women also tried to convince
Executive Summary The motor vehicle market is a flooded one; each and every day, a new player enters into the market, and this makes the already murky situation a lot more competitive. For a brand new device manufactured by a company known for, underperformance, a combination of several marketing strategies should be implemented to get the required effect in the shortest possible time. The book calls for proper market research with the aim of identifying what each player fails to do. After determining this, all the efforts are made to improve on strategies and develop several competitive advantages for the former market players (Albert 2006). Fiat 500 is a brand that is introduced by an Australian company that is venturing into this market for the first time. After carrying out market research, it was determined that the market needed a car that would offer the user easy operational navigation, offer the strength of a sports car yet the class and comfort of a limo. The Fiat 500 model, therefore, boasts providing these two and low fuel consumption, thus dispelling the notion that all race cars are fuel guzzlers. This is in addition to other several multimedia provisions that are aimed at offering the occupants quality entertainment providing the feeling of real value for money (Jeffery 2001). The strategy that the car intends to use to win a larger proportion of the market is to position itself as a leader in quality. To achieve this, there are only two strategies, either to offer cheaper price or to enhance the quality. Cars are gadgets to which people attach a feeling of dignity and pride. Introduction of one at a low price would lead to questions on the quality of the product, and, therefore, Fiat 500 offers relatively competitive
Theme : The Neighbourhood Where I Live Age Group : Pre-k… Preschool Objectives : Students will be able to describe their neighbourhoods and they will be able to identify things that are common for all neighbourhoods. Materials : The book, slides, printed sets of pictures, board and magnets. The book is In Lucia’s Neighbourhood by Pat Shewchuk, illustrated by Marek Colek. Anticipatory Set : To draw the students’ attention, I will introduce the topic and will tell them that we are going to read a book about neighbourhoods. I will ask them to listen carefully as I will ask some questions at the end. Body of the Lesson (Activity) : First, the teacher introduces the topic and reads the book. While reading, the teacher switches the slides with illustrations from the book. Then, the teacher asks some questions on the book to start a discussion on the topic. After that, the teacher takes a set of pictures and asks students questions about things that can be found in their neighbourhoods. When children name some objects (houses, trees, cars and so on), the teacher puts the corresponding picture on the board. Of course, the pictures include all objects and people mentioned in the book read. When this task is completed, the teacher divides the students in several groups (2-4 students) and asks students to describe their neighbourhoods to each other using the pictures. The teacher helps students and supervises their work in groups. After that, students are asked to create their common neighbourhood (things that can be found in all of their neighbourhoods). Finally, students can mime different things individually or in pairs (trees, drivers, cyclists and so on). Direct Instruction & Guided Practice : After reading the book the teacher will ask the following questions: Did you like the story? What is it about? What did you like most? Is your neighbourhood the same? As for the group work mentioned above, the teacher will provide the following instructions: You will now describe your neighbourhoods to your classmates. Use pictures just like we used them on the board. It is necessary to note that in this activity older students will start to give younger students encouragement. Closure / Assessment : At the end of the work, most active students will get ‘gold stars’, which will be added to the points earned during the class. The students will also name objects and people that can be found in the neighbourhood (one by one). If the student cannot come up with the object, he/she drops out. Classification : It is possible to divide stud
Introduction The American workplace has “five generations working in the same environment” (Toossi, 2012, p. 44). Each of these generations portrays unique characteristics, behaviors, and ideas. Such behaviors can either damage or support the performance of different working environments. Managers and leaders should be ready to bridge the differences existing between these five generations. According to Turner (2008, p. 22), “a positive organizational culture has the potential to support the needs and expectations of different employees”. A detailed understanding of these five generations will ensure every manager supports his or her workers. Review of Current Literature The current low birth rate in the United States has “encouraged more professionals to work for many years before retiring” (Turner, 2008, p. 22). The country’s aging population has also led to this development. Many students in the country also go to school for many years. These issues “have made retention and recruitment significant than ever before” (Pitt-Catsouphes & Smyer, 2006, p. 4). That being the case, managers must embrace the power of effective Human Resources (HR) in order to address the issues affecting these generations. Employees from different generations can produce numerous conflicts and disagreements. This situation can affect the level of organizational performance. The Five Generations The Traditional Generation This generation represents the oldest group of workers in the country. Although most of these workers have left their jobs, a considerable number is evident in different working environments. These workers “are also called the Matures or the Traditionalists ” (Pitt-Catsouphes & Smyer, 2006, p. 3). This generation includes workers born between 1922 and 1945. The members of this group are conservatives in nature. According to Stark (2009, p. 59), “the workers tend to have the best sense of discipline and obligations”. They “also observe various fiscal restraints” (Stark, 2009, p. 60). These individuals expect their working environments to portray a top-to-bottom leadership strategy. They portray the highest level of dedication or commitment. They always work hard in order to identify new methods of communication. They form fluid teams in order to achieve their targeted goals. The generation focuses on the best concepts in order to conserve their resources. They also use traditional methods of production. They “display a command-and-control leadership strategy” (Tolbize, 2008, p. 5). According to these Traditionalists, a hierarchical organizational structure is appropriate because it produces positive goals much faster. These individuals do not embrace certain concepts such as work-life balance. They are hardworking and resistance to new organizational changes. They do not engage in disagreements and conflicts. They can also offer useful strategies and approaches in order to deal with every disagreement. They also have the potential to formulate new problem-solving
The needs of the people, radical changes in technology, and the effects of globalization transformed visual communication. In other words, brand new technology allowed the delivery of information at a rapid and cost-efficient rate. At the same time, technology enabled people to have an improved awareness of people on the other side of the globe. Visual communication went through a transformation process in the last ten years in order to deliver a more interactive and personalized message that is sensitive to the needs and culture of the intended recipient. Before going any further, it is important to clarify the meaning of communication. An overview of communication principles will reveal that it is applied to human interaction and it includes: “1) body language or nonverbal communication; 2) public speaking and presentation skills; 3) journalism or writing for the mass media; and 4) graphic communication” (Eunson, 2012, p. 4). In all these various forms of communication, visual communication can be applied to enhance the effectiveness of a message. Visual communication has been a part of human society for many centuries. The use of graphical and sign languages is an important component in the establishment of ancient and modern civilizations. However, in the past ten years there has been laid a greater emphasis on the communication that transpired between man and machine. In other words, technology such as TV and radios no longer served as mere mediums of communication but has become a part of the visual communication process. Human beings mastered the art of communication. Even if radio and TV’s were used to convey messages, it was clear that these are just mediums used to facilitate communication. But in the present time technology also affects the visual communication process. In other words, the content of the message is also affected by the platform or technology used. Visual Communication: Past and Present There are six levels in the concentric model of various fields of communication which are: “1) intrapersonal; 2) interpersonal; 3) group/team; 4) organisational; 5) public/media; and 6) intercultural” (Eunson, 2012, p. 6). In the past, communication experts learned to master all of these six levels. But in the 21 st century these levels of communication must be re-evaluated to experience a more effective communication process. In the 20th century the tools of communication were radically altered because of the existence of cutting-edge technology that enabled people to communicate over long distances. At the same time the process of communication was reliable and cost-effective when compared to what was available in the early 20 th century. For example, mobile phones are more efficient than telegraphs. Mass media communication is the capability to disseminate information to a wider audience. The best examples are TV and radio broadcasts as well as newspaper and magazines. Technology was leveraged for one pu