Introduction   * Globalization and the Internet have transformed data transmission processes.   * Such developments have attracted attention of hackers and phishers.   * These criminals attack existing systems, thereby resulting in both financial losses and fines.   * Target and Marriott experienced similar breaches and losses in the past.   * Most of their customers were affected significantly.   * This presentation explains how these companies handled their security breaches. Security breaches result in direct losses due to financial theft and indirect ones due to fines. Target is a leading retailer in the United States while Marriott is one of the corporations operating in the hospitality industry. In 2014, Marriott recorded losses amounting to around 600 million USD due to cyber attacks while those of Target were around 162 million USD in 2013. The case of these corporations’ cases reveals that evidence-based internal security frameworks could have prevented such losses. Powerful changes focusing on superior debit and credit card readers (EMV chips) could have improved the level of security. Change Analysis Summary Navigator Role   * Target and Marriott embraced the Navigator role.   * Target focused on improved cyber-security options.   * Target wanted to secure the information contained in customers’ credit cards.   * Marriott also wanted to transform the situation after acquiring Starwood.   * This role is essential since it delivered positive results.   * These companies are currently improving their practices. The Navigator role was effective for both Marriott and Target. Cybersecurity improvement measures supported Target’s objectives. The approaches resulted in more secure credit cards. Marriott also considered the most appropriate and sustainable strategies to transform the situation. Caretaker Role   * The corporations’ caretakers pursued better public relations.   * Target encouraged customers to monitor their credit cards.   * Starwood owned the recorded security breach.   * Marriott implemented evidence-based approaches to rebuild customer confidence.   * These attributes supported the companies’ objectives.   * They also attracted and empowered more customers. The initiatives the companies’ leaders undertook led to positive results. They managed to empower more customers after the two occurrences. All stakeholders were expected to be part of the process. New initiatives emerged to increase customer satisfaction. Coach Role   * From the Coach perspective, Target’s leaders felt responsible.   * The CEO decided to step down.   * Target remained serious to correct the mistake.   * Marriott blamed a third party for the breach.   * The details of Marriott’s breach remained unknown.   * These issues affected every company’s performance. Target’s CEO chose to quit his position. With this kind of breach, it was appropriate for the companies to consider new initiatives to address the identified problem. They also introduced superior measures. However, Marriott remained less transparent regarding the nature of the security breach. Marriott and Target in Retrospect   * The Navigator image would have supported the companies’ goals.   * Corporations should also control their external factors.   * They implemented the best communication process to the p