ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The rapid economic development of Australia has underlined the necessity to minimize the impact of human activities on the environment. Scientists and public administrators pay close attention to waste management. One can say that the increasing dependence on landfills is one of the problems that should be addressed by policy-makers. This paper is aimed at showing that people recover energy from waste, rather than deposit it in landfills. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated. Overall, this strategy has several important advantages that can be of great value to Australian community. In particular, it can reduce water, air and soil pollution caused by disposing of refuse in landfills. Secondly, this approach can decrease the cost of energy, and this opportunity is important for the economic sustainability of the country. Finally, in the future, this approach can improve the use of land in various urban areas. These are the main aspects that can be singled out. The challenges associated with landfills In order to examine this topic, one should first illustrate the problems that are associated with landfills in Australia. It should be mentioned that during the period between 2001 and 2007, the amount of waste, which was deposited in landfills, grew by approximately 12 percent (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). In 2001, there were 19 million tons, while in 2007 there were 21.3 million tons (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). Overall, one can speak about commercial, industrial, and municipal waste that is not recycled in any away (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). This trend is likely to continue in the future. It should be noted that the dependence on landfills can increase in the future due to the rapid demographic growth of the Australian society. This argument is particularly relevant, if one speaks about large urban areas such as Sydney or Melbourne that attract people from different parts of the world. There are several challenges that are associated with the growth of landfills, for example, leachates or emissions to water, visual disamenities, or the release of greenhouse gases (BDA Group 2009, p. 4). Moreover, one should bear in
Motivation is what pushes an individual to fulfill certain needs. The needs vary from physiological, esteem, psychological, safety, and even love, among others. Abraham Maslow is responsible for classifying needs into the various categories mentioned above (Maslow, 2000). He created a theory in which he placed all these needs in a pyramid depending on the urgency of the need. One is only motivated to pursue the fulfillment of a certain need if the one below it has been satisfied. This essay will analyze the differences between physiological and psychological needs. Physiological needs are the most basic needs that every human being cannot survive without. They are vital for the survival of every human being. They include; water, food/ ability to satisfy hunger, sleep, shelter, sex (for reproduction), air, sleep and the ability to relieve waste products from the body (Maslow, 2000; Maslow 1999). Maslow stated that human beings could not exist without the ability to satisfy these needs. Currently, it is argued that education should be added to that list. This is because it is almost impossible to achieve any of the subsequent needs without education. Psychological needs are also known as secondary needs. Even though they are not vital for the survival of every human being, they are needed for empowerment and individual growth (Maslow, 1999). These needs are infinite; each is specific as to their secondary needs. These needs can be classified into; ambitious, emotional, materialistic needs, and affection needs. Ambition can be looked at in terms of success, overcoming obstacles, and certain forms of achievement among others. Affection simply refers to the ability to receive love and a sense of belonging. Materialistic needs vary from one individual to another. It is quite obvious that physiological needs deal with basic external needs. Human beings require all physiological requirements so that they can satisfy their external needs (Maslow
Introduction As the matter of fact, every country has certain norms of the age of criminal responsibility. First and foremost, it should be highlighted that the major argument in support of the raising the age for the responsibility is that children are not mature, and brain development, social, and emotional factors only start to improve. The major purpose of the paper is to analyze three scenarios based on actual events from the point of view of the developmental characteristics of a child aged two-six and to highlight the significance of the implementation of the biological, cognitive, and emotional and social arguments to support the idea that children should not be responsible for crime actions. Biological Argument The childhood is considered to be a very sensitive period in the development of the human being as it is the time when the brain shapes and it affects the development of emotions, concentration, ability to overcome stress, and have self-control (Berger, 2014). In the discussed scenarios, children cannot be responsible for the murder. Their brain chooses the option to eliminate the distraction moment (in the case, where a six-year-old girl murder her brother because he was constantly crying) or the person that caused conflict (in the first and second case, where children decided to kill the offender). As the matter of fact, children usually imitate the actions of parents or something that they saw, for examples, in movies or video games (Berger, 2014). The immature brain cannot analyze or evaluate the consequences; it follows the model of the behavior that was previously seen in the mass media or experienced in some conversations (for example, in a fairy tale, when the bad person got killed for the happiness of the main hero). Cognitive Argument The theory of Piaget is centered on the peculiarities of the cognitive development and improvement of the intelligence (Berger, 2014). Children up to four years cannot analyze the information according to logic, whereas children up to six years use only primitive reasoning. The feeling of justice is highly developed in children. In the first case, the child shot the girl, because he was offended and thought that this way she will be punished. However, he did not understand the consequences and probably could not realize that shooting leads to death as the vast majority of children do not face death (of either family members or friends). They do not have the real understanding of what death is. Emotional and Social Development It should be stressed that the age of the criminal responsibility should be compared to the age when people can make individual choices. Teenagers are legally allowed to have sexual intercourse from the age of sixteen, can get married and vote after eighteen, and drink alcohol after twenty-one. The st
The following is an incisive study on the work of Kesey “The day when superman died” it is giving an insight into the symbolism, which Kesey has used to depict the theme of the story to the readers. Though the author’s work is rich with literary symbolism, only those symbols, which appear in the book interconnected with the theme, have been discussed. Symbolism refers to the subtle meaning that makes a statement to be more literary and thrilled. The author has used many literary tools to bring out the message in the story when the superman died. Among the many literary tools, which the author has used is the literary symbolism where an author uses certain symbols or descriptions to convey a particular message indirectly. The story about Deboree is one worth of scrutiny and careful examination as the author tries to show the fight between the traditional and the radical points of view in society. The setting which the writer has used is in many ways a part of the literal symbolism for instance where the setting Deboree is fighting with the hitchhiker over the dog is one of such a setting that conveys a hidden meaning. The hidden meaning of this scenario shows a theme of struggle in the whole story. The writer is, therefore, indicating through that setting, of the struggles, which exist in the society and how they do come about. The indication is that petty issues can easily bring conflicts if handled in a primitive manner (Gerald 93). Then there is the heavy use of imagery in the work of Kasey. From the title itself the day when Superman died, the word superman is an imagery of a hero, someone who has supposedly done more than the normal human being has. The story, therefore, conveys the meaning of what brings down members of the society who would have been great achievers if they are given time and maybe if only other people could stop criticizing them and appreciate them as they are (Kesey 89). The writer has also used another serious symbolism, which is likely to go unnoticed. In the story “the day when superman died”, there is a lot of mention about dogs. The writer seems to include dogs in each scenario. Deborah seems to be unbothered by these dogs, which are seemingly a nuisance to many others especially when Sandy passes over a dog. When the plot began, Debora finds himself in a scuffle with the hitchhiker because the hitchhiker mistreats the dog, and Deboree gives that man a thorough beating. There is also an instance when dogs of a neighbor came to their compound and Sandy chases them the way. The writer used the dogs as a symbol portraying the everyday nuisance, which is experienced in life. It is just like the dogs. One will meet bothers and people who annoying everywhere in life but how one chooses to live with that nuisance matters a lot. If one chooses to
Introduction It could hardly be doubted that the development of skills related to the role of the subordinate in an organization is an essential part of any internship experience. This essay aims to reflect on three principal skills that are highly important for subordinates. Also, the role of relationships between the supervisor and the subordinate will be discussed. Three Essential Subordinate Skills First of all, it is appropriate to state that there are numerous skills that shape the performance of a good subordinate, and thus it might be particularly difficult to identify which skills are essential. However, based on the scholarly literature on the topic and my personal experience in the internship, it is possible to state three principal characteristics that designate the work of a good subordinate. Firstly, as Sturman and Park (2016) state, communicational skills and interaction between the subordinate and his or her supervisor are highly important in establishing in maintaining meaningful and mutually beneficial relationships. Interpersonal skills and communication within working teams are one of the key aspects of efficient performance, especially in the automotive industry. The second aspect of a good subordinate’s performance is critical thinking. This skill is highly emphasized in the article by Yelamanchili (2018), who states that “salespeople today need critical thinking skills to effectively perform in more challenging and multifaceted roles” (p. 2). Since the automotive industry is highly rival, subordinates are expected “to generate and operate from multiple perspectives that inform a multilogical view” (Yelamanchili, 2018, p. 3). Thus, a subordinate will be able to make decisions based not only on following the instructions, which might be inapplicable in some situations, but also on critical assessment of the working conditions. Thirdly, it is possible to mention practical and technical knowledge in the area in which a subordinate work. As an example, an employee at Al Habtoor Motors, which is one of the automotive market’s leaders in the UAE, should have a clear understanding of how this area of business works, what are the peculiarities of the company’s products, etc. The use of these skills is of high significance for working customers since it is essential to know how to satisfy them. Wha
Introduction Problem Overview Stroke remains the fifth largest cause of death in the U.S. and the key cause of bodily function loss or disability (American Stroke Association). According to predictions, due to population aging, stroke and associated complications will become the first cause of “lost health life-years” by the 2020s (Grech and Grech 1). By 2050, the number of individuals older than 65 facing increased risks of cerebrovascular disease is expected to reach or exceed 35% (Grech and Grech 1). However, stroke knowledge among the general population is still imperfect. Thesis Statement Suboptimal stroke awareness results in severe health consequences, so people should learn and actively disseminate stroke-related information, including easy-to-remember mnemonics. Limited Stroke Awareness Promotes Care Delays Barriers to Stroke Recognition The timeliness of getting adequate medical attention is affected by diverse factors linked with insufficient awareness. As per research, among them are poor knowledge, a false sense of control over the condition, misconceptions linked with stroke symptoms’ perceived severity, and even being embarrassed to contact emergency medical services (Grech and Grech 2). Stroke and Care Delays From level I evidence (systematic reviews of systematic review studies), it is known that most delays in stroke care stem from patients’ insufficient stroke-related knowledge (Lachkhem et al. 427). In stroke cases, timely responses are crucial to survival and adequate recovery. In general, every minute without treatment, a person experiencing stroke loses 1,900,000 brain cells (ASA). There are Useful Mnemonics to Promote an Understanding of Stroke Symptoms Purpose of Mnemonics In health education, mnemonics are patterns of letters, with each letter representing a critical term. Many mnemonics are targeted at medical and nursing professionals, while some can assist the general population in memorizing crucial facts about health conditions or disease prevention tips. Acting F.A.S.T. The F.A.S.T. mnemonic is recommended by the American Stroke Association to promote the basics of stroke recognition in English-speaking populations (ASA). As per a randomized controlled trial conducted by Dombrowski and colleagues in 2015, “Act FAST” leaflets successfully promote the ability to recall the key symptoms of stroke (Grech and Grech 2). The F.A.S.T. mnemonic includes four components to enable a person to spot a stroke and react immediately (ASA):   * F stands for drooping in the Face . One section or one side of the face might be drooping and difficult to move. One is recommended to ask a potential stroke patient to smile and check if the smile looks uneven.   * A stands for weakness in the Arms that usually affects one a
Introduction Multinational companies continue to value overseas expansion. There are several reasons behind this strategy. Firms recognize the cost-effectiveness of moving to foreign markets. Moreover, the budding markets in Asia and Africa are presenting unlimited opportunities. In addition, competition in local markets has increased such that expansion is a necessity. Investment banks, for instance, have relied on their foreign movements to sustain growth. The increasing need for capital in emerging markets is a positive trend. The expansion of firms comes with challenges and risks. There are risks that can be quantified. But perhaps the most glaring problem that multinationals are the difference in culture. There is a clear gap in terms of understanding the goals of the company and maintaining cultural differences. When firms decide to operate in unknown territories, their systems and personnel need to make adjustments. The succeeding segments will tackle the capacity of HSBC to handle this challenge and maintain the company’s status as one of the world’s best banks. Company Background SBC Holdings PLC (HSBS) is regarded as the world’s biggest financial firm in terms of market capitalization. In terms of assets, HSBC ranks as the fourth largest firm in the world. Although HSBC is headquartered in the UK 80% of its revenues are sourced outside the country. Of the firm’s total earnings, 22% comes from the office in Hong Kong. As of 2005, HSBC is the biggest investment bank in the world in terms of Tier 1 capital. The stocks of the company are traded in London, New York, Hong Kong, Paris, and Bermuda stock exchanges. Company History HSBC started its operations on the building called The Bund. In 1991 the company was listed in the London and Hong Kong stock exchanges. From there, HSBC has undertaken several rounds of acquisition. These activities started numerous deals. Some of the notable acquisitions include Marks & Spencer, Household International, and The Chinese Bank. It is evident that HSBC’s deals involved firms in other industries. This method of expansion is important in the process of diversifying the business. Products and Services The product and service lines of HSBC are one of the most diverse in the industry. HSBC Premier is its primary financial service product. The deposits required for this product are dependent on the location. The benefits of this product include dedicated relationships with personnel, customer service access, and preferential rates. HSBC Bank International Limited serves as the offshore bank of HSBC. Banking provides multi-currency options and is preferred by several businesses. It provides financial planning and investment options to clients. HSBC also caters to its clients through the Internet. HSBCnet is a banking arm that exists online. The system functions like a typical bank and is accessed in almost all locations. This service is also used by HSBC’s high-end customers and institutional clients. HSBC direct is designed to boost the savings of its clients. This product requires a minimum deposi
This paper describes the “J Curve of Change” by identifying the five stages of change. It also assesses and contrasts the J Curve and Rogers’ Change model. Finally, it describes the impact of persuasion on an individuals’ capacity to change. Summary of Jellison’s J Curve of Change Jellison (2005) explores the human dimension of change and suggests that the letter J represents a path that individuals follow as they experience change. He further suggests that the use of the curve is fundamental while introducing business processes, indicating the reasons why change has to occur and presenting the approaches that will aid in handling the change process smoothly. It is equally fundamental in avoiding a decline in performance and aids in becoming a stronger leader. The following are the stages, which are evident in the path of revolution. Stage 1: The Plateau In this stage, employees follow already established policies within an organization and seem to master organizational routine. They offer customers quality time, handle office equipment professionally and maintain good relationships with colleagues. The prior knowledge that changes will occur within the organization finally reaches the employees through official corporate communication or grapevine. Different reactions to the news will be evident since people have dissimilar opinions at the work place. Psychological intensities seen amidst people who resist change need careful analysis since it allows less apprehensive employees to work with minimal pressure. Stage 2: The Cliff There is a remarkable drop in performance at this stage; furthermore, the activities in stage one are reversed. Indeed, there are more failures than successes because employees experience confusion and make numerous mistakes. Additionally, productivity reduces due to inadequate training by management. Interestingly, failures start affecting inter-relations at the work place. Such failures make employees assume a panic mood and think of their exit plan from work. Stage 3: The Valley Errors begin decreasing at this stage because employees master innovations, which they resisted in first and second stages of the J curve. Management acknowledges employees’ achievement whilst mastering change though they may not believe in themselves. Indeed, employees who previously had doubts and exuded resistance began to acknowledge the significance of change in the organization. Activities at this stage are divisible into two halves with the first half recording slower rates of decreased performances. The last half facilitates consistencies in worker performance and confidence regained. Stage 4: The Ascent At this stage, attitude changes and good performance is attributable to psychological satisfaction from excellent performances in stages one, two and three. Indeed, fears and plans to flee are replaced with positive thought and a need to build the organization. Motivated employees realize t
Introduction This is a review and critique of the Wonder Drug Protocol based on its design, objectives, criteria for patient inclusion, study procedures, and safety and efficacy parameters. Design Before the beginning of any clinical study, the research team and the sponsor must ensure that several components of the study are in place (World Health Organization, 2002). The study must be accurate and efficient in terms of design. It is imperative to balance all aspects of the business and scientific validity of the trial. The Wonder Drug Protocol used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and a parallel group design (Spilker, 2000). The main objective of this study design is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Wonder Drug in patients who have a mild to moderate severity condition of probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The design aims to demonstrate similar primary and secondary efficacy measurements, which would be the same as those used in other cases of anti-dementia trials. A good clinical trial research design provides objectives of the study design. This protocol has a clear objective for the study. The objective acts or provides guidance on primary and secondary endpoints for assessment during the study. The protocol provides the aim of the clinical trial research at a 5-center phase II. The process involves screening of AD patients followed by a random process of assigning either a placebo or Wonder Drug everyday for 40 weeks, which would consist of 30 doses. The design indicates that half the patient will take placebo and the other half will receive the Wonder Drug. It also shows that the study shall be performed in one, three, and six months after the baseline. This is adequate information that can answer pertinent research questions. However, the protocol does not provide any schematic diagram of the study design. The protocol shows the study duration after the baseline and sequences of administering both the placebo and the Wonder Drug. The study design shows the amount of dosage for AD patients, dosing regimen for patients, packaging of the Wonder Drug in 5 mg tablets, and labeling of the drug as scratch off labels for all experimental drugs. It also shows that the drug shall be administered orally. These are requirements in a clinical trial study design, and this protocol clearly captures them. It also shows drug storage and accountability, as well as dispense of medication. The protocol insists that the placebo and experimental drug must be stored in a locked cabinet with restricted access. At the same time, the place must have favorable conditions in terms of light and temperatures. There is also drug accountability during shipment, which requires acknowledgment. This must cover per patient administration and visits before and after the drug return. The Protocol provides follow-ups of adverse events. The study investigators shall follow up all patients who