ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Online education is a common form of learning today. Learners are now benefitting from online learning process without having to go to school. Online learning has been promoted by modern technologies. These technologies include computers, smart phones and the internet. However, this promising innovation has its own set of challenges. The issue of identity is a major concern in online learning. Some experts argue that distance education can lead to cheating and academic dishonesty (Oosterhof, Conrad & Ely, 2007). Student participating in the learning process might not be the ones who get the academic certificate. This has led to numerous ethical concerns and issues about online learning. To minimize dishonesty in online education, it is necessary to have appropriate assessment methods. During the assessment period, it is necessary to have various methods to deter all forms of dishonesty. During the assessment process, examiners should use various methods to ensure the right person is assessed. Examiners should employ various accreditation procedures to minimize chances of academic dishonesty. For instance, the assessment can be through online conferencing. This will ensure the registered student completes the assessment process. The examiner can use electronic conferencing to verify the image of the student. This will ensure the right person completes the assessment process (Palloff & Pratt, 2009). The assessment method should be able to minimize all forms of dishonesty. During online learning, the exam should be time-framed to ensure the student finishes the exercise within a given time. The approach will reduce the possibilities of cheating. These methods will ensure there is accountability during the assessment process. The other important thing to be addressed is the student demographics. Whenever conducting an online assessment, the examiners should ensure all the registered students complete the examination at the same time (Palloff & Pratt, 2009). This is an effective way that can help to reduce academic dishonesty during online learning. I support these methods because they will reduce all instances of cheating. The approaches will make online learning effective for both the institution and the student. It is notable that online learning gives the learner an opportunity to cheat. Learners tend to use online information and content whenever they are assessed online. This results in plagiarism and academic dishonesty. The online assessment methods should consider the ethical issues arising from the learning
The environments in which an airliner operate We can single out several environments in which a passenger airliner can operate: flight, support and maintenance, and landing (Kossiakoff et al, 2003, p 43). While being in flight environment, the airline has to interact mostly with air communicators: it receives information about weather conditions and air traffic and tells its current location. The main external interfaces are communication and navigation systems which enable flow of information between the plane and IRS beacons. Due to this necessity, system designer continuously works on the improvement of navigation systems. The second environment is maintenance. At this stage, the maintenance experts need to assess the functions of different systems. They need to obtain quantitative and qualitative data about the performance of sub-systems. The main external interfaces are numerous information systems and software that enables the personnel to test the work of equipment. This system must allow the so-called built-in-tests. Support is the third environment of a passenger airliner. At this point, it is necessary to replenish the supplies of fuel and energy. Electrical system and fuel delivery system are the most important external interfaces. The designer has to make them accessible and consistent with already-existing fuel stations and power grids. The fourth environment is landing. To some extent, this environment is similar to flight because at this stage the most important external interfaces are navigation and communication systems. The airliner has to interact with IRS beacons and flight command unit. It is of the crucial system that traffic controller can reach the pilot through communication devices installed at the plane. Thus, we have discussed major environment in which an airline can operate. This analysis shows that external interfaces are indispensable for reliable work of such system as an airplane. The faults in the design On the whole, one can think of different faults in the design of airplane which can put the lives of pilots and passengers at risk. For instance, inappropriate design of flight management system can eventually lead to air crash. In this cases, we can speak primarily about those software solutions which identify current location of an airplane and give this information to the pilot. Provided, this information is inaccurate, the pilot can make a fatal error while navigating or lending the aircraft. This software has to integrate every element of the plane. Lack of integration is the pitfall that an engineer has to avoid while designing this entire system. Search and evaluation of different options in design engineering Design engineers have to comply with different requirements that are related to the performance, reliability and cost of the product. As a rule, these people do not evaluate and consider different options as frequently as it is done by conceptual engineers. However, thes
Introduction Communication is among the most important factor that is considered while building business or personal relationships. Throughout the world, people have dedicated much effort in establishing and improving their communication skills. Similarly, Greene and Burleson state that a lot of research has been conducted in order to provide people with the information needed to facilitate effective communication. In Saudi Arabia, international communication has for a long time been hampered by language barriers and cultural beliefs, which limits peoples’ ability to communicate with foreigners. However, due to globalization, technological advancement, education and economic aspirations, there has been a notable improvement in this regard. As such, majority of the Saudi citizens acknowledge the importance of communicating to foreigners and others desire to communicate to the visitors in order to advance their own interests. This can be evidenced from the increase in international relations between Saudi and other foreign nations, the significant increase in the number of foreign tourists visiting Saudi and the fact that most Saudi citizen can speak at least one or more foreign languages. This section shall set out to detail the methodology used to gather information regarding Saudi’s citizens desire to communicate to visitors. To this end, a brief overview of the research method selected shall be provided and an explanation as to why the research method is the most appropriate for this kind of research shall also be provided. The processes used to gather the information shall also be detailed and the ethical and legal considerations that have to be made highlighted. All this shall be done to ensure that the data collected is credible and acquired in a manner that is ethically and legally acceptable. Research methodology Catherine (2002) defines research methodology as the structured process used by researchers in order to collect data on the issue being studied. Depending on the type of data being collected, research often fall under two main categories: qualitative and quantitative research. Quantitative research method refers to the processes used to gather scientific and statistical data, while qualitative research methods are applied in social sciences studies. Considering that the topic under discussion relates to social sciences, this research shall adopt qualitative method of data collection. Research design Ranjit (2005) states that application studies can be classified into two broad categories. These categories are: pure research and applied research. The author further states that applied research is done when the researcher seeks to solve a specific and practical question or to understand a given phenomenon. This research fits this description and it shall be descriptive in nature. Accordi
Introduction This document presents a proposal for an access control system (ACS) for a college dormitory. The ACS will have a face recognition system with a camera connected to the door. Faces of all authorized people will be first scanned and records entered into a database. When a person approaches the door and stands for a specified duration in seconds, a proximity sensor near the door is activated and triggers the camera. The person is required to stand at a designated area and look at the camera. The camera scans the face and if the scan is registered in the database, then the door lock opens and the person can enter the dorm. In case the scan does not match the records, then the entry is denied and an alarm is beeped. Scope Statement The scope statement for the project is given as follows – to develop a face recognition system that scans faces to create a repository of scanned faces and matches the face of people who present themselves in front of the face-scanning camera. If the scanned face of the person matches records in the database, then the door lock opens and the person can enter the dormitory. The locking system will be of systems such as turnstile locks that allow only one person to enter after access is granted. This will prevent multiple people to tailgate and enter behind the person whose face is recognized and access granted. The purpose of this system is to prevent unauthorized people from entering the dorm and carrying out undesirable activities such as theft, assault. The purpose is to prevent a fully integrated system that will not need an operator to control and monitor. Five Major Tasks ACS has several components and activities. This section discusses five important tasks that the ACS must perform. Face Scanning The most critical part of the system is accurate scanning of facial features and reducing the face rejection rate (FRR) and false acceptance rate (FAR). A high-resolution camera of 1200×1400 is desirable. It should have a high color pixel density to correctly scan the face and s
Introduction Found on page 1024 of the anthology Literature and Society, the poem “Does It Matter” depicts the effects of war on ex-soldiers in society, challenging society’s myopic view on warfare. Written during the aftermath of conflict by Siegfried Sassoon, the poem exhibits a profound anti-conflict sentiment by portraying the disastrous life of maimed veterans when they return home from combat. The poet emphasizes the futility of war throughout the poem by asking rhetorically, “Does It Matter?” (lines 1, 6, 11). Ironically, he wonders why it is a problem for a soldier to lose his legs for society to treat him kindly. The words of the poet mimic the uncaring nature of society. Sassoon expresses dismay on how veterans who were injured and lost their body parts during the fighting are left to fend for themselves once they return home. He highlights the wrong and uncaring attitude of the society where people assume that a veteran can resume living normally after the devastating losses which the ex-soldiers incur at the war front. According to society, the veteran will find his way and live happily after. The community interprets that it does not matter if the soldier is left behind since he can get employed and start a new and happy life as if nothing happened before. He describes how society’s uncaring nature propels the veterans to drink as a way of drowning their miseries after the war (line 12). This satirical poem is set during the First World War when injured veterans returned after fighting for their country. The poem dramatizes the reality at home as perceived and experienced by the injured ex-soldiers who came expecting to be treated fairly by society to their dismay. Siegfried Sassoon Sassoon (1886-1967) was a soldier and an English poet who defended his country during WWI. His poems highlight the resultant tragedies and horrors of war and the devastating experiences. However, soldiers vehemently criticize the society or patriots who are indifferent to veterans and refuse to understand the aftermath of the fighting, especially for maimed ex-soldiers, “For they’ll know you’ve fought for your country” (line 14). Sassoon was born in September 1886 in Kent, Matfield, in a family of three sons. The name Siegfried arose from the love his mother had for Wagner operas. He went to school at Marlborough, Clare College, and Cambridge University. As Sassoon grew to youthfulness, he developed a liking for scripting and cricket. He started writing in 1913 and had success with the first book, “The Daffodil Murderer.” However, he was intrigued by conflicts and was enlisted before the war started. Unfortunately, he broke his arm and it is until 1915 that he fully recovered. Siegfried Sassoon was a brave soldier throughout his ranks, and he continued writing poems during the fights about the experience and people who died. Perhaps, the poem “Does It Matter” resonates with Sassoon’s experience and the loss of his br
Introduction Munchausen syndrome is described as a fictitious mental disorder in which a person pretends to be sick by exaggerating false symptoms. Similarly, another person may lie about sickness of another individual under his or her care, a condition commonly known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Common victims of adult perpetration are children under the age of six years and the concept is internationally viewed as abuse of children (Cleveland Clinic 1). This research paper gives a detailed analysis of the Munchausen syndrome featuring symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prevention among others. Overview Munchausen syndrome is an example of a fictitious disorder which is either generated or self-induced. These disorders can either be psychological or of physical depending on an individual. It is regarded as one of the most severe manifestation of fictitious disorder. According to psychologists and other scholars, Munchausen syndrome is not easily treated and although medical attention is always important in preventing extreme injuries or even death which may result from chronic conditions (Mayo Clinic Staff 1). Symptoms It is important to note that Munchausen syndrome mainly revolves around false manifestation of illness among people as away of meetings certain psychological needs. Since most victims never discover the cause of their deception, it is usually difficult to notice that manifested symptoms could be part of a fatal disorder (Cleveland Clinic 1). Due to the complexity of this order, there are several symptoms manifested by victims and these may vary from an individual to another. Dramatic narrations about imaginary health problems are common. This is aimed at convincing the public and those around that in deed the person is sick. Frequent hospitalization is also common even though doctors may not diagnose anything serious (Mayo Clinic Staff 1). Another common symptom observed is inconsistency in manifested symptoms. As a result, different tests give results that are neither related nor show any similar pattern. Consequently, the conditions may worsen for no reason causing the patient to go for advance medical procedures. Unlike other genuine patients, people suffering from Munchausen syndrome are always eager to for risky operations and avail themselves for numerous laboratory tests and medication from different medical centers. Moreover, such people avoid visitors and would expect very few people to call on them while in hospital (Mayo Clinic Staff 1). They further ensure that medical experts do not interact with visitors and family members. Last but not least, Munchausen syndrome patients constantly ask for alternative medication and pain relievers even when they are feeling well. Causes The exact cause of Munchausen syndrome remains unknown to medical practitioners around the world. Even as researchers continue unraveling the truth behind the causes of this disorder, it is believed that Munchausen syndrome affects people who may have suffered a severe illness in their childhood or may have experienced s
F. Scott Fitzgerald effectively humanized the characters in his novels to fit the cultural psyche. His characters were not painted in black or white, as was seen in early pre-modern novels. Instead, they were full of humane follies, ego, and desire. Some of them had a dark secret while others were neurotic. Fitzgerald broke the moralising nature of literary characters that were essentially good like Melanie or bad like Scarlet in Gone with the Wind . Instead, his characters were sparkled with the vicissitudes of human oddities, self-centred, and individualistic. Protagonists of Fitzgerald’s novel Tender is the Night reverberate on the dark side of human folly. They are upright people who have succumbed to some kind of imprudence that smeared their whole existence. The dark episodes of the protagonist’s life dictate their whole existence. This darkness of their life creates the hero, or rather the anti-hero of Fitzgerald’s novel. This essay analyses the hero-figure of the novel Tender is the Night and strives to understand how successfully Fitzgerald created an archetypical hero in the modern context retaining some of t
Positron-Emission Tomography Positron-emission tomography or PET is an imaging method aimed at visualizing different metabolic processes within the body. This technique is helpful in diagnosing various types of cancer as well as heart diseases. The application of this tool is based on the knowledge of how particles and anti-particles interact with each other (Serway and Vuille 1005). One should keep in mind that they have the same mass, but their charges are opposite (Serway and Vuille 1005). An electron and a positron represent a pair consisting of a particle and an antiparticle. The effects of their collision are critical for explaining the mechanisms of PET. At first, it is important to mention some isotopes of carbon, fluorine, nitrogen, and iodine can emit large quantities of positrons. The biological substances containing these isotopes are called tracers. As a rule, tracers tend to concentrate in certain parts of the body (Muller 349). For example, glucose can accumulate in various tumors for which it serves as the source of energy (Dolgushin et al. 85). In its turn, iodine isotopes usually accumulate at the glands (Muller 349). When tracers enter the body, isotopes begin to decay. This process is accompanied by the emission of positrons that hit electrons almost instantaneously (Waterstram-Rich and Gilmore 239). The collision of an electron and a positron leads to the annihilation of both particles (Jarnagin 288). The result of this annihilation is the creation of two photons that have the same energy and move in the opposite directions (Jarnagin 288). The knowledge of this mechanism is vital for locating isotopes and describing their distribution in the body of the patient. PET involves the use of detectors that can register gamma rays resulting from the emission of photons. These detectors cannot pinpoint the exact place from which the photons came (Muller 349). Nevertheless, one can know with certainty that this point lies on the line that connects the two spots where the two photons hit the detectors (Muller 349; Cavedon and Rudin 135). Sometimes, photons can be scattered, and under such circumstances, one cannot determine the place of their origin. However, there are thousands of annihilations, and this sample is sufficient for visualizing the distribution of isotopes within the body (Muller 349). As a result, medical workers have an opportunity to notice anomalies indicating at possible diseases. PET images can help physicians determine those areas of the body where tracers flow. Moreover, they can identify those regions where the number of annihilations is higher (Northrop 331). By studying such images, healthcare professionals can make several important findings (Muller 349). For instance, they can ascertain the location of tumors in which positron-emitting isotopes tend to accumulate. In part, this tendency can be explained by the fact that tumors
Choosing an academic major, the students make one of the most important decisions in life. It is a complicated issue which is influenced by a number of aspects where gender one is the most significant. Such issue includes the psychological process of selecting the academic majors from the position of the gender stereotypes. Although gender rights and ability to choose the education and work are equal in the modern society, the gender aspect is still has a serious impact on the people’s choice, including the choice of college major. Thus, according to the most widely spread stereotypes, girls rather choose humanities than technical majors or math, while boys prefer the sciences, technical subjects and IT. However, I think that the statement that girls and boys have the different ability to study technical subjects is incorrect due to a number of examples of successful women-scientists. It is the absolutely illogical position, as the present aspect is based on the personal skills and inborn patterns. Therefore, analyzing the current situation within the educational system from the position of the gender stereotypes, it is necessary to develop the solution which should step-by-step improve the situation. The most appropriate measures are the providing of the seminars for school students when the teachers could emphasize an importance of the personal choice in spite of the stereotyped opinions. As the students will comprehend that the decision-making process should be independent and based on the personal skills and desires, they will choose those majors which can help them to increase the inborn talent. Therefore, it is necessary to change the stereotypical view of the gender definition of the sciences, developing the governmental programs which would guarantee the equality of every students no matter of gender and to provide the lessons and seminars for students, indicating and unmasking the gender stereotypes as a cause of the significant impact on the process of choosing a major. It is obvious that the choice of a major is a one of the most important decisions in life. St. John says that “there is, perhaps, no college decision that is more thought-provoking, gut-wrenching and rest-of-your life-oriented – or disoriented – than the choice of a major” (22). Most of the students make their choice not only because they do not want to study math or languages or, vice versa, they want to investigate the concrete subject. The foundation of the psychological aspects within the process of choosing a major indicates that the gender stereotypes have a significant influence on the students’ choice. Thus, there is a widely spread belief in the society that boys are better in sciences and various technical subjects than girls. As it is a well-known fact that girls have more developed left cerebral hemisphere, while boys have right, many people suppose that girls should choose humanities such as literature, languages, psychology, etc. In every situation when