ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In his famous speech titled “Slavery and the Confederate Constitution”, Alexander Stephens makes several controversial arguments about African Americans’ enslavement. One of the most contentious points in his speech is the proclamation that slavery and white supremacy were the primary causes of secession and the formation of the Confederate nation. The speaker remarks that the persistent lack of consensus over the subordination and slavery of the “Negro” between the South and North was the immediate reason why the Confederates decided to secede and establish their nation. Stephens (1861) believed that creating the Confederate constitution was a permanent solution to the subject’s continued disagreement. Another controversial point made in this speech is that the black race was inferior to the dominant white one; thus, African Americans’ enslavement was a fundamental and justified practice. According to him, black people were not equal to their white peers; therefore, suppressing them was natural and moral. Stephen (1861) premised his argument on science and nature’s laws to justify what he termed as truth. He argued that empirical evidence has shown that the idea that “all men are created equal” and challenged the assumption that all men were created equal. Stephens (1861) further predicted his argument on the Scripture by stating that his conjecture was in harmony with Biblical teachings. I found this speech estranging and divisive because it pitted the Northerners against the Southerners. I perceive his strong stance on equality of humans and controversial statements about African Americans’ enslavement since they could evoke negative attitudes and feelings between the Southerners and their Northern counterparts. Such negative sentiments from a man of such stature could lead to deep divisions and atrocities in the country. Nonetheless, I am not surprised by Stephen’s outrageous admission that African Americans’ servitude was the underlying factor for the Confederate nation and constitution’s secession and formation. This point is predicated on the fact that slaves were a cornerstone of the economy at that time. They provided the much needed cheap labor for the plantations. However, Northerners advocated for abolishing slavery and believed that the practice was wrong, whereas Southerners wanted to retain ownership of Negros to work on their farms. Therefore, these disagreements about the protection and abolition of slavery could breed bigger differences between the two regions. Reference Stephens, A. (1861). Slavery and the Confederate Constitution, The American Yawp Reader . Web.
Executive Summary The main objective of this research paper is to carry out a comprehensive analysis about the Coca-Cola Company. In so doing, the paper would focus on exemplifying an appropriate company background of Coca-Cola, considering the financial overview of the company, and most importantly, formulating a problem statement of the company along with the historical background of the problem as well as the main players and actors who contributed to the problem. Furthermore, the paper would illustrate the potential challenges, issues, and prospects of the company with consideration of the discussion of the related literature, alternative solutions and their implementations, and implications for future use. Finally, the paper shall focus on accumulating pertinent recommendations in conjunction with a relevant conclusion. Company Background: Overview Bloomberg Businessweek (1) suggests that the Coca-Cola Company produces, allocates, and delivers nonalcoholic beverages and syrups internationally and it is predominantly renowned for the production of sparkling and still beverages; to specify, the business’s sparkling beverages comprise of nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverages with carbonation, for example, energy drinks, and carbonated waters and flavored waters. Some of its other products from still beverages comprise nonalcoholic drinks without carbonation, together noncarbonated saccharine savored waters with enhanced quality, cloister free energy-drinks, lucrative juices, and lovely savored drinks, including ready-to-drink teas, high quality coffees, and superior sports drinks; moreover, the business also offers fountain syrups, and other healthy food supplements those are favored by the health conscious customers. With the glory of running such as a successful business for over centuries, this US-based company possesses a very bold supply chain offering diversified products to consumers all over the Saudi Arabia creating a passion that fastens the billions of its enthusiasts. Problem Statement Coca-Cola Company the worlds leading multinational company are continuing its global operation in more than two hundred countries in the soft drink and beverage sector with stronger brand position. Through out the global operation Coca Cola Company has evidenced huge crisis from the national and international legislation, competitors, and diversified culture and disturbed its operation and profitability but none can keep any stopple to its progress. Middle East and GGC countries are also a vital market for this MNC [1] but also suffered from different crisis starting from the gulf war while US sanctions prohibited their national MNCs to do business in some Arab coun
Virtual teams The article, Virtual there, was written by Alison Overholt on February 28, 2002. The article focuses on Virtual teams and how they can be used to offer businesses solutions. The writer uses an example of breast-cancer diagnosis to illustrate the benefits that can be accrued from virtual teams (Overholt, 2002) This paper evaluates the article. Why the writer chose breast-cancer diagnosis as an example Breast cancer has of late become a global concern as men and women suffer. There are numerous cases of breast cancer each with its own characteristics and diagnosed differently. Specialists in the field have also increased. The writer notes that in most cases doctors are willing to offer medication that they are aware of, but since breast cancer takes different forms, then a doctor may offer medication that is not the most effective for a certain condition. When there is web interaction with other physicians and a review of past successful cases, through virtual teams, doctors will be in a position to offer better medication. Secondly the patient will understand the medication he gets its side effects and probably communicate with another medicated patient on the same. The example was used to explain the benefits that can be accrued from using virtual teams. The choice of breast-cancer diagnosis was triggered by the effects that it has on modern life (Overholt, 2002). Advantages of virtual teams The writer brings out a number of advantages in the article. The most dominant advantage is information and knowledge sharing. Virtual reality works across time, space and geographical area, thus information or experience in a certain area can be shared to improve services in another organization currently facing a similar issue. Information is power, thus when the systems are adopted, a company gets access to quality information it can use for informed decisions. Other than getting information, the information is real-time information. Updated information is crucial for decision making in the fast-changing business environments (Grenny, 2010). Virtual teams can be adopted as a cost saving strategy. This is because experts or employees will not have to travel across nations searching for information-making. Information can be gotten by a click of a button. Operational costs are saved in teams of time, travelling and acco
Introduction Michael Cook’s “A Brief History of the Human Race” portrays the general outline of global human history over the past 10,000 years. Michael Cook, Princeton University professor, is a specialist in Islamic history. Cook is more a confrontational questioner of human history rather than a speaker of it. In this book, Cook has done an admirable job covering the main themes of world history in a nutshell. Though there is some scope for negative criticism, the book is amazingly balanced and comprehensively narrative and adds value to the title by outlining the up-to-date human history. The book is a real achievement which is readable and informative. Main Body In this book, Cook discusses world human history and human life in a broadly materialistic way using four parts. Part one speaks about prehistory (the Paleolithic, the Neolithic, and the emergence of civilization) using three chapters. Part two speaks about the smaller continents (Australia, the Americas, Africa) using three chapters. Part three speaks about Eurasian landmass using five chapters, and it focuses the Eastern civilizations and sections on India, China, the Med
Executive Summary ALDAR Company is, a real estate company based in Emirates and operates in more than five countries. The company owns more than fifty million square meters of land in some of the strategic areas in Emirate. ALDAR’s strength is ventured in its strong brand name that is internationally recognized. There is wide recognition of its products in all parts of the world. The strength of the company is undoubtedly engineered by its internal managerial mechanisms. To have a competitive edge in selling its developmental projects, it will be advisable for the company to take advantage of its ability to compete favorably with equal players in the market. A strategic marketing plan is the only way out. There is no one company that is perfect; there is always an area that offers a weak point. One of the weak points that the company will have to go through is internal while others are from the external environment. Weaknesses refer to stumbling blocks that may deter the company from progressing towards a particular direction. With a strategic plan, it will be easy to decide the material flow, technology to use, process selection, inventory required, and the capital needed. Operation management has the responsibility of setting the policies that define expected labor standards. Employees play the biggest role in production processes, their skills, knowledge, and abilities should be put into consideration. In the recent past demand drift have been strongly pulling the market. Few movements have emerged which are linked with most of the real estate’s companies with well-distinguished brand names and the wholesale operations. There is, therefore, need for all companies in the sector to have strong access to the details of sales data. Having the necessary details will not only quicken the production planning but will also provide information about customers’ tastes and preference and will help in reducing the possibility of underproduction. Mission ALDAR’s mission is to mobilize the available resources to drive strategies in the core areas of expertise through innovation to ensure that customers are provided with high-quality products that are readily available at low costs. Some of ALDAR developments are given below:   * Yas Island which occupies about 2,500 hectares of land   * Al Raha Beach occupying an area of 5.2 million square meters   * Luxuries apartments, restaurants, hotels, and office space in the city which occupies 5.0 hectares of land   * Al Gurm Resort found in Abu Dhabi mangrove forests (ALDAR website 2). Vision ALDAR aims at being the most realistic and dependable real estate company not only in Emirates but also in the rest of the world. It also aims at creating a steady and profitable investment platform for its shareholders and to provide development projects that are environment-friendly (ALDAR website 2). External environment P
The early childhood program selected for examining is the Early Childhood Development Commission of Suffolk Department of Social Services. The purpose of this paper is to describe the program and the community for which it serves, as well as to discuss the data collected with the help of interviewing the staff person. Description of Early Childhood Development Commission Early Childhood Development Commission is a program launched by the Suffolk Department of Social Services in 1994 to increase the public’s awareness of the young children’s needs in terms of care, health, and education. This program is selected because I work for the Suffolk Department of Social Services, and I am interested in exploring the progress of the program. Thus, Early Childhood Development Commission serves the community of Suffolk, Virginia, and works to increase the number of care and education centers and services in the city. The program goal is to address the needs of at-risk children, preschoolers, and provide support for parents. To describe the scope and importance of provided services in Suffolk, it is important to state that in 2014, there were more than 6% of children under the age of five (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). Currently, 11 schools enroll children in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten classes in Suffolk with an average rate of 20 students per class (Suffolk Early Childhood Development Commission, 2016). Data Collection Process To collect the data on the Early Childhood Development Commission’s mission and activities, it was necessary to study the information located on their website. The second step was the collection of background information on the community demographics. This information was retrieved from the U.S. Census Bureau Quick Facts website, as well as from the program’s website. The next step was the interview with Ms. O’Donnell. The interview was planned to be conducted on Ms. O’Donnell’s weekend. Six main questions were asked during the interview, and the respondent’s answers were recorded with the help of a Smartphone and then transcribed in the form of brief notes. Summary of Responses The responses to the research questions are directly correlated with my vision of the family and community engagement. Thus, the individual approach to each child through the cooperation with families is the main idea reflected in the respondent’s statements (Appendix). The opinion that the focus should be on respecting diversity, recognizing differences in children and families, as well as understanding their needs and interests, is supported with references to my principles and philosophy. The needs and interests of each child are the priorities for such programs (Appendix; Halgunseth, Peterson, Stark, & Moodie, 2009). Moreover, the respondent agrees that it is important to create a positive environment for a child to guarantee his or her successful development (Appendix; Blitz, Kida, Gresham, & Bronstein, 2013; Walsh, Sanchez, Lee, Casillas, & Hansen, 2015). The discussion of the questions is also correlated with the ways to address the childcare issues. The child care is a challenging process t
Three Basic Economic Questions The limited availability of resources for satisfying the unlimited needs of the population is the basic economic problem of our time. It is referred to as scarcity (Josten and Truger 8). Scare goods and services are capable of controlling the price at the market. The price is an indicator of how scarce this or that product is: more expensive goods are considered to be scarcer than cheaper products. Since all societies demonstrate an interest in scarce products, the economy of every country faces the three basic questions:  1. What goods and services are to be produced?  2. How are they going to be produced?  3. Who is the target consumer? (Josten and Truger 9). No matter how advanced a country might be, it cannot afford to produce everything that its citizens desire. Thus, there arises a problem of deciding what products must be produced and in what quantities they are required. The government has to assess how goods and services will be distributed among their potential users and which of them are to be given preference (e.g. what is more effective: to produce food and clothes to improve the living standard or to invest in the military industry for defense purposes) (Josten and Truger 9). Since resources are insufficient, it has to be considered in what way they must be used to give the best possible outcome. However, even though we must get the maximum benefit of the resources at hand, a lot of additional aspects should be taken into account. For instance, there exist certain moral objections to the issues like slavery or medical objections to such a profitable branch of science as genetic modification of food (Josten and Truger 10). It is impossible to satisfy all the people equally, that is why the government must decide whose needs will be addressed to what extent. It leads to unequal distribution of goods in society (Josten and Trigger 11). Centralized (Command) Economic System The most distinguishing feature of the command system is the control exercised by a centralized power (Alberts and Hayes 6) This type is favorable when the country possesses huge amounts of natural resources and someon
Introduction In order to survive in this era of globalisation, various organisations are re-examining their management systems in order to attain competitive capacities to survive and remain relevant in their areas of operations (Aamir, 2013). Organisational learning, since its inception at the beginning of 1990s, has received overwhelming attention as managers realize that they need to promote organisational change that is more suitable for the ever-changing business environment that has become turbulent and complex (Harrison & Wicks, 2013). Andreadis (2012) argues that it is vital that organisations should become learning centres due the tougher competition, and shifting customer preferences. Globalisation and competitive pressures have compelled many organisations to promote learning at all levels; individual, team and organisation. Therefore, there is a need to review the significance of organisational learning as a prerequisite for proactive and holistic management. The paper will explore the strengths and weaknesses in balancing these elements as part of holistic organisational management. In addition, the paper will suggest areas within the organisational learning module that should be modified for a complete, efficient and sustainable organisational learning at the Z Centre for Educational Research. The suggestions for improvement will be presented in the form of a change management plan. Organisational Goals The Z Centre for Educational Research is a private education training centre in Abu Dhabi. The centre has been in existence for the last decade and very active in offering educational training to stakeholders in the expansive and dynamic education sector in Abu Dhabi and beyond. The primary objective of the centre has been offering educational training services to different schools and other training-based institutions across Abu Dhabi. The centre has the capacity of handling more than two 2,000 trainees at any given time. Being a well-established organisation, the Z Centre for Educational Research has clear goals that are summarized below:  1. A centre for excellence and learner-centred education.  2. A centre for holistic knowledge acquisition and application for sustainable skill development beyond theory.  3. A centre for socialization and community development through the creation of a warm and pragmatic environment.  4. A centre for nurturing talent and development of personalized ski
The modern trends of globalization and innovation dictate the workforce market structure. If having a management accounting degree was enough criteria for competing for a highly-paid position twenty years ago, today, the major companies recruit the most competent of the certified applicants. One of the recognizable certifications that can provide such an advantage is Certified Management Accountant. Although the exam is so time-consuming that the preparation can start in school, the certificate gives privileges to its holders both on national and world arenas. Obtaining a CMA certificate may bring several career advantages to its owner, but the process requires a significant effort. The rigorous examination includes two parts and covers 11 topics on the management accounting to learn about ( CMA Certification, 2018). The official IMA website states that the average time needed for preparation to one part of the test varies between 150 and 170 hours, which makes the whole preparation last more than 300 hours ( CMA Certification, 2018). Along with the high requirements, the IMA gives proofs on the demand for CMA and CPA experts and their complying career opportunities ( CMA Certification, 2018). The overall policies of obtaining the certification are strict, but giving into consideration the exponential career growth of an employee in comparison with the non-CMA colleagues, the difficulty can be covered by future professional achievements. The CMA certificate not only provides better job prospects compared to non-certified management accountants, but it also opens possibilities at the global arena. The recent research demonstrates growth of international demand for CMA experts (Weaver & Whitney, 2015). Being originally a USA-based program, it has spread over several geographic areas around the world over the past twenty years (Weaver & Whitney, 2015). Today, while the CMA mostly remains a US-based examination, it attracts applicants from approximately 100 countries (Weaver & Whitney, 2015). The data also shows the emergence of new CMAs around the world, and most of them are from Asia and the Americas (Weaver & Whitney, 2015). At the same time, the study observes the absolute growth of the CMA examination
Introduction The importance of an Information Technology (IT) Security Policy for state agencies and offices has never been more evident than now. State agencies and offices have information that is very crucial to the running of the state; hence they are key targets for cybersecurity attacks. As many of them have moved from having manual records and processes, it makes them quite vulnerable to data breaches. IT Security policies help guide users of IT resources on the best behaviors that help them prevent, detect, and respond to IT security incidents (Cram et al., 2017). States use IT security policies to ensure sensitive public data does not get into the wrong hands and state systems are not hacked, which would cause a major disruption in how they offer services to the public. Attacks could also get political where, say, a rival to the governor wants a hold of specific information so as to have leverage against them. The people who will get harmed either way will be the state’s citizens, so extraordinary measures should go into protecting them. Every state should have an IT security policy first because it will cost them more to sort things after an attack, such as a data leak. Taking a preventative approach to IT security will help more than reactive measures. That does not mean that the policies should leave out response strategies in case of incidents. Creating awareness among the staff in state offices about the importance of adhering to IT security policies goes a long way in reducing the number of incidents. The state should make sure IT policies are reviewed often as things change quickly in the technological space. Similarities between the IT Security Policies in Virginia and Oklahoma The similarities in the IT security policies for Virginia and Oklahoma show that there are standard policies that no state agency should ignore. Both of them provide policy statements that declare security responsibility on agency IT systems lies solely on agency heads. They both set up different roles of personnel that are to head the agency in terms of security like Chief Information Officer, Information Security Officer, Agency Head, and Security Admin. This is notable as not having key security roles in agencies would make them more vulnerable to major security incidents (Stewart & Jürjens, 2017). Having a contingency plan is key to agencies as they have become reliant on IT systems. Contingency plans must meet the specific needs of the said agency as they align with international standards (Freire & Padi