ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cultural and institutional features Introduction Culture can be defined as an integrated pattern that relates to behavior, beliefs and the general human knowledge. All this aspects depend on social learning and different symbolic thoughts that individuals may exhibit. In addition, it can also be a set of common practices, goals and values that are common within a given group, society or country (Barzilai 2003, p. 12). Culture comes out as a quality in a person that will guide him in relation to manners and his pursuits. In a broad perspective, it can also come up as a stage of civilization that will guide a given nation at a particular time. In other countries, culture has involved the improvement and development of individual minds through training and education. In other words, culture can be said to be the beliefs and behaviors of a given society or group (Middleton 1990, p. 15). Some people see culture as a way of living that is perfected by a given group or generation and passed on to the rest for continuity. In this case, beliefs, practices and ideals can be inherited as time goes by. These inherited aspects will finally form the basis of a society’s shared social actions. A society’s shared actions can be looked at from a different range of activities and traditions (Barzilai 2003, p. 21). A society’s culture can also be understood through their social and artistic pursuits. In addition, it is better to understand a society’s interests, tastes and expression to have a better overview of their culture. The existence of culture depends on a society’s ability to transmit knowledge to coming generations. An institution is any structure that guides a country’s cooperation and social order. In this case, it defines and governs the behavior of individuals in a given society. Institutions are established to ensure that a society has effective and enforceable rules that will govern human behavior (North 1990, p. 17). As a matter of fact, they are supposed to be permanent and take care of human intentions and lives. In a broad perspective, it relates to behavioral patterns and customs that are needed in a modest society. The word institution can also be widely used to refer to different formal organizations within governments (Wilson 1998, p. 43). Therefore, it is undeniable that institutions are good structures and mechanisms of enhancing a society’s social order. As a matter of fact, there are various types of institutions in deferent countries (North 1990, p. 24). This can be in education, family, military, mass media, legal systems, corporations, organizations, penal systems, hospitals, religions etc. There are various aspects that relate to institutions depending on the society and country. This means that they are intentionally or deliberately created by people depending on their individual needs as a society. In addition, they will also define how these institutions will function and operate. Wholesomely, institutions are developed in relation to a society’s pattern of organization (Greif 2006, p. 9). This can also go beyond the intentions of individuals who were tasked with ensuring that
The lack of enthusiasm in adhering to the principles of a healthy lifestyle has been the reason for concern for an impressive amount of time. In the United States, the issue in question has been growing out of proportion recently, with the rates of obesity increasing exponentially (2016). Therefore, a framework for promoting a change in the levels of physical activity and nutrition among the target demographic is required. In their study, Bogna Grygiel-Górniak et al. (2016) address the problems of introducing students of a medical university to the idea of proper eating habits due to the issues associated with the schedule and low physical activity levels. Although the specified article can be regarded as an attempt to attract the attention of a wide audience due to the topicality of the subject matter, the article can be seen as thought-provoking and impactful due to its use of reasoning, the careful choice of language, and the elaborate structure that the paper follows. The outcomes of the study point to the necessity to modify dietary habits in the target demographic, as well as the need to combine a low-carbohydrate diet with intense exercises. The author uses language to present the argument in a very academic way, thus proving that the study was made with a thoughtful approach and a set of well-developed goals. For instance, Grygiel-Górniak et al. (2016) conclude at some point that “in both groups, overconsumption of protein was observed and intake of animal protein dominated over the intake of plant protein, and this was significantly higher in M (Table 1; Fig. 1)” (p. 263). The language that the authors utilize in the specified sentence is highly academic, not simply due to the word choice, although it also matters significantly, but also because of the structure, particularly the use of the Passive Voice and the comparisons in it. As a result, the paper by Grygiel-Górniak et al. (2016) becomes very convincing and develops a strong voice, thus persuading the audience to trust the statements that it makes. Similarly, the organization of data is used to prompt a discussion of the research results and allow readers to go through the entire process of analyzing the collected information to reach the same conclusion as the authors of the study. Particularly, Grygiel-Górniak et al. (2016) start the description of the results with the variables that were considered in the study, proceeding to the exploration of the outcomes. The analysis, in turn, begins with the brief statement of general findings that are further expanded to show details of the discoveries made by the authors. Grygiel-Górniak et al. (2016) guide their readers through the analysis carefully, ensuring that every step of the discussion is clear and well-developed. As a result, the outcomes of the research become evident to the reader as Grygiel-Górniak et al. (2016
Introduction Psychosocial or psychiatric rehabilitation of people with mental health problems is a complex process that involves various activities and takes a long time as it can span through one’s whole life. Currently, personal recovery-oriented practices are seen as more advantageous for patients than those which are viewed from the clinical perspective (Slade et al., 2014). This shift means that instead of setting particular goals for a patient, rehabilitation facilities and workers are focused on helping patients realize their potential and take on more responsibility in their recovery process. While the previous system valued control over a person’s actions and decisions, the current approach takes one’s strengths and centers on creating and maintaining a meaningful life for the patient. In managing such an approach that is strongly connected to developing patients’ self-determination and hope, the role of their family becomes less defined. On the one hand, family participation may be presumed to be less significant than before because the individual with a mental illness has to focus on personal capabilities. On the other hand, the family often continues to remain one of the most vital parts of a person’s life, which cannot be overlooked in creating a plan for one’s successful personal recovery. Therefore, it
Abstract The drive toward efficient yet sustainable agriculture in the contemporary world necessitates the adoption of smart farming. Smart farming refers to a set of solutions that increase agricultural efficiency, mainly through the use of information and communication technologies. Data acquisition, data evaluation, and precision application allow improving yields while minimizing the losses. The Internet of Things is of particular use in smart farming, as it makes managing the farm’s assets much easier and also allows creating highly automatized solutions. Blockchain is another promising technology since it not only facilitates safe storage and sharing of information but also contributes to creating a democratically organized international farming community. Increased robotization and interoperability are among the solutions that will likely shape smart farming in the foreseeable future. As a result, smart farming has the potential to revolutionize the world’s agriculture in the years and decades to come. Introduction Considering the rapid growth of the Earth’s population, the problem of sustainable agriculture being able to feed the ever-increasing number of people remains an issue of current interest. However, the opportunities for extensive agriculture expansion are mostly exhausted, which means that the future of agricultural cultivation should look for intensive methods. One of the ways to intensify agriculture and make it more effective overall is precision cultivation that tailors agricultural decisions with regard to the site and the type of crops. Precision cultivation depends to a high degree on the use of digital technologies in agriculture, which is generally defined as smart farming. Smart farming allows for a wide range of options, from robotization and satellite imagery to the Internet of Things and the blockchain technology that increases the efficiency of crop cultivation by optimizing the use of resources. Providing data acquisition, data evaluation, and precision application with the help of the Internet of Things and blockchain, smart farming may impact agriculture all over the world and has immense potential for the future. Background In the coming years, one may expect precision cultivation to have a considerable impact on agricultural businesses, large-scale and small-scale organizations alike. Different countries adopt smart farming methods in their agricultural production to address the issues they confront. As of 2016, the country producing the highest number of scholarly publications on smart farming was China, with 31.84 percent of all academic texts in the field (Pivoto et al., 2017). The USA was responsible for 8.94 percent of scholarly publications, South Korea – for 8.38 percent, and Germany and Japan accounted for 6.15 and 5.59 percent, respectively (Pivoto et al., 2017). Thus, the world’s nations are interested in smart farming regardless of the differences in particular conditions of agricultural cultivation in their respective countries. For instance, the most significant concern for South Korea is maxim
Introduction The film “Erin Brockovich,” released in 2000, immediately conquered the hearts of a broad audience. This is a famous biographical film directed by Stephen Soderberg, based on a true story of human rights activist Erin Brockovich. She fought for the rights of residents of the Hinkley community of California against PG&E: an organization that polluted the city’s groundwater with hexavalent chromium, which causes cancer. The main character was played by Julia Roberts, who won numerous film awards for this role, including, for instance, the Oscars and Golden Globes. Stam (2017) states that “the cinema virtually requires multiple frameworks of understanding” (p. 2), and this movie gives ample opportunities for deep analysis. The purpose of this paper is to consider the main topics that are raised in the film and discuss its value to the audience. Issues Highlighted in the Film The film “Erin Brockovich” raises several topics that are important to people in terms of ethics, morality and life position in general. According to Lehman and Luhr (2018), “no movie has one “right” meaning that every viewer can “get” by approaching it “correctly” (p. 198). Viewers can find something for themselves in “Erin Brockovich,” projecting it onto their life experiences and the principles created throughout their lives. However, some of the themes can be named essential, and everyone can notice them while watching the film. One of the crucial topics is human ambition, strength, and self-confidence. These qualities are revealed thanks to the behavior of Erin, the main character. Despite everything, she defends her point of view and fights for the rights of people. She is a person whose life is based on clear and sustainable principles. All her actions are aimed at achieving justice in any situation. Undoubtedly, this is the character, which many people should consider an example, and after watching the movie, some may change their outlooks on life. Another meaningful topic raised in the film is human relationships. First of all, it is a struggle between a manager and a subordinate. Erin has to constantly prove her intelligence and competence to Ed, her boss. Only thanks to hard work and significant achievements did she manage to climb the career ladder. This state of affairs is quite common in modern organizational culture, but not everyone dares to defend their position to the end. The film also discusses family relationships: between a mother and children and between a man and a woman. Examples of different patterns of behavior in various situations help viewers rethink their interpersonal relationships and possibly change for the better. The movie also reveals the
Boys Don’t Cry denotes an American independent drama film of 1999 whose director is Kimberly Peirce and its co-writer is Andy Bienen. The movie is a performance of the actual-life account of Brandon Teena, acted in the movie by Hilary Swank. In the movie, there is raping, assaulting, and murdering of Hilary Swank by his male friends prior to their discovering that he is actually female. The film discusses the themes of liberty, empowerment, bravery, and identity. A majority of the performers in the film campaigned for the best actor over the duration of three years. A then unidentified Swank shone, as her character appeared comparable to that of Teena. Many of personalities were anchored in actual-life individuals, while several were composites. Boys don’t cry movie has been mentioned as among the most controversial and discussed movies of 1999. The movie was released concurrent with the killing of Matthew Shepard, a youthful gay man, which ignited further public concern (Blackman 12- 17). The film brings out the hardships that teenagers experience due to taking part in love affairs. In accordance with the film, love causes people start a long journey of harassment, laughter, and tears. Love in the 1999 American independent drama film Boys Don’t Cry is depicted through desperation and suffering as explicated in this paper. Brandon (acted by Swank) signifies a youthful ‘man’ who was actually Teena Renae Brandon. At the time that Brandon was identified as a female by a sibling of a lady he at one time dated, he turns out to be a prey to physical dangers. In a short while, Brandon is entangled in a bar war and is thrown out from the trailer of his cousin. In this regard, Brandon relocates to Falls City where he builds comradeship with ex-prisoners John Lotter (acted by Peter Sarsgaad) as well as Tom Nissen (acted by Brendan Sexton). Brandon also builds a friendship with pals of the ex-prisoners namely Candace (acted by Alicia) and Lana (acted by sevigny). In the film, Lana turns out romantically engaged with Brandon (Blackman 18- 21). At this point, Lana is not aware of the actual sex and rotten past of Brandon. Both Lana and Brandon decide to relocate to Memphis. Later, Brandon is imprisoned for accusations that came into being before his moving to Memphis and was locked up in the women’s part at a jail in Falls City. Luckily, Lana pays a bail for the release of Brandon. When Lana inquires from Brandon as to his reason for being locked up in the women’s section, Brandon deceives her that he was a hermaphrodite and that she would soon obtain a sex alteration to become a male. Lana affirms her affection for Brandon at whatever cost. Tom Nissen and John Lotter build suspicion when they find an article in a newspaper concerning Brandon that calls him Teena Brandon. Following their suspicion, Nissen and Lotter compel Brandon to take out his underwear, disclosing his genitals. After attempting to make Lana have a look at it, she covers her eyes in refusal. Following the conflict Nissen and Lotter take Brandon to a secluded place, where beat, and aggressively rape him (Blackman 22- 24). Later, Brandon was taken to Tom
Credibility is what all leaders have to aim to obtain since it positions them as a reliable source of information and decision-making. To establish my credibility as a leader, I need to follow several important rules. Firstly, I should treat my colleagues with respect, which is key to gaining their loyalty and respect in return. Secondly, I should rely on honesty, which means sharing only truthful information with employees. Thirdly, it is crucial that I show consistency in my behavior without reversing my decisions or shifting courses. To model the way for others, one needs to set a good example based on a clear set of values. However, leaders cannot impose their own ones on the personnel, hoping that they will accept them. Instead, leaders should do their best to engage others in common aspirations. First of all, a leader must clarify his or her personal principles and then think about building and affirming shared values. It is their behavior that earns leader’s respect, which is why the way for others needs to be modeled through ordinary daily acts, such as working side-by-side with colleagues, handling critical incidents with composure, and celebrating people’s achievements. Leaders who inspire a shared vision engage the staff in establishing and working toward an end goal. Communication s
Instructional media can be defined as the tools that are used by educators to convey knowledge to learners. This is because learning cannot be conveyed through word of mouth and therefore, it is important for every educator to have them at hand (Scalan, n.d). The tools include chalk boards, compact disks, films, and handouts, among many others. These tools are used by educators to enhance the understanding of learners with regard to the topics that have been taught in the classroom. Instructional media are used for various reasons in the ISD process. The first one being that they attract the attention of the learner. If an educator stood in front of learners and gave lecturers without instructional media, the lesson could be boring and most learners can be distracted by other events. A few writings on the chalk board go a long way towards drawing the attention of learners. This is because when a leaner sees that the educator has written something on the board he/she will focus on what is being said about those writings. Additionally, instructional media makes learning interesting. When there are films and compact discs the learning process is enhanced because films and videos, in particular, integrate entertainment into the learning process. Besides, when there are computers involved learners can perform other tasks due to the multitasking ability of computers such as playing a computer game or watching a movie. Scanlan (n.d) argues that this gives them freedom and thus they do not feel confined in the classroom. This can have a positive impact, especially among young learners. When learning becomes interesting, the learners can hardly skip classes and this causes their performance to improve. Likewise, the media contains insights from different persons and thus, can be understood better. The language that is used in instructional media is sometimes appealing to the learners and this makes them accept the concepts that are explained by the media. In essence, instructional media such as compact disks provide convenience for the learners such that they can revisit them any time regardless of their location. In this regard, an educator does not just choose instructional media; there are several considerations that drive him/her towards choosing instructional media. The first issue revolves around the availability of the media. An educator could be willing to employ instructional media, but then if the institution he/she works for does not have such materials he/she has to carry on without them. If the materials are available the educator will choo
Introduction Macy’s is an American chain of departmental stores that are owned by Macy’s Inc. Founded in 1858 in New York City, this firm has experienced massive growth, and currently, it owns over 850 stores in 793 locations within the United States of America (Pulizzi 56). The firm offers a wide range of products from clothing, footwear, bedding, accessories, jewelry, housewares, and beauty products. The first Macy’s departmental store to be established outside the United States was in Puerto Rico in the year 2000. This move was seen as an opportunity to explore the international market after dominating the American market for several years. According to Zarrella (112), Macy’s operates under various brands in the market based on the category of the products. Operating under different private label lines has been very beneficial in meeting the needs of the clients in a unique manner. Firms always struggle to find a way of meeting the diversified needs of customers in the market. Macy has realized that the best way of addressing this problem is to offer a wide range of brands, each uniquely defining the needs of different clients. One of the top featured brands at this firm is the Alfani (“The Magic of Macy’s” par. 1). This brand offers a wide range of men accessories, from shirts, pants, ties, sportswear, shoes, belts, sweaters, and suits. Based on the research done on this brand, it is clear that the management has done everything in its power to ensure that the products in this life meet the diversified needs of the customers. However, a gap was detected in the line of belts that are offered under this product line. This gap should be exploited in order to increase the earnings from this private label brand. In this research paper, the focus is to create a new private brand label under Alfani that specializes in a new range of belts. Creation of a Private Label Brand According to Pulizzi (82), when faced with a variety of products, customers always go for the one that offers a unique benefit. Belts are common products that have been in existence for several years. They are available in almost every retail store that sells clothes. They can even be bought along the streets. This means that for a firm to attract customers to its brand of belts,
The two-volume compilation by Jonson Michael offers a varied collection of voices from the country’s past. Documents 25-1 and 25-3 provide important information regarding the position of the US in the Second World War. The articles accentuate significant issues as regards to social, political, and economic themes of the US during the Second World War. In article 25-1, Johnson claims that the US was forced to join the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Consequently, Germany declared war on the US after four days. The Japanese officials had been taking American officials on a ride by claiming that there was no need of diplomatic relations between the two states. After analysis, it was discovered that the Japanese had planned the attack even before tricking Americans to believe that they were not willing to attack American residents. The head of state, Roosevelt, expressed his disappointments by claiming that the attack would always remain in the American faces. Document 25-3 summarizes some of the tribulations that the Jews experienced under Hitler. The Nazi anti-Semitism was felt in the American public. The Nazi regime had persecuted many Jews since 1930s according to Varian Fry. The articles