ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Alfred Hitchcock is one of the legends of English and American cinematography. It is impossible to imagine a person who does not know Hitchcock and the contribution he made to the world filmmaking. His personal invention of numerous techniques in different genres made his films spectacular and different from what existed on the screens. Underlining Hitchcock’s impact on the world cinematography, Jean Luc Godard said, “The death of Hitchcock makes the passage from one era to another… I believe we are entering an era defined by the suspension of the visual”. [1] The focus of our discussion is going to be Hitchcock’s film Vertigo and the technical effects present as the helping elements to for movie perception. Vertigo is a psychological thriller which comprises an original idea, a telling title and the visual effects which contribute to the understanding of the main idea of the movie. The main purpose of this paper is to dwell upon the movie Vertigo and to understand its underlying theme, the role of lighting and cinematography effects in movie perception and to compare and contrast it to other films shot by the director in America. Vertigo by Alfred Hitchcock: The Difference in Seeing and Being Seen Underlying Theme in Hitchcock’s Vertigo Watching a movie Vertigo , a viewer remains in tension from the first minute up to its final scene. Hitchcock kept the viewer in guessing for some time, whether Madeleine and Judy was one and the same person. Providing the audience with the story about a detective Scottie who had to retire from the police work because of the developing latent acrophobia and Madeleine/Judy who fell in love with each other but the strange story of Madeleine’s death does not allow Scottie and Judy be together. The finale of the movie is unpredictable as no one can expect that Judy is going to die. [2] Still, a close consideration of the movie may provide us with some specific ideas which point to the underlying themes in the film. Hill and Helmers want to state that “ Vertigo positions its viewers, its characters, Hitchcock, and its cinematic style in a matrix of ideological practices and rhetorical appeals analyzable as identification and division”. [3] Much attention is paid to Scottie and his pure but at the same time imaginary identification. Hitchcock wanted to show the difference between something that was seen and that what desired to be seen. Identification of people and object is the central theme of the movie. The audience had to think thoroughly to understand the director’s plan. The Role of Lighting and Cinematography Effects in Movie Perception It is impossible to get the underlying idea of the film without discussing the techniques used there. Throughout the whole movie, the director implements a great variety of different visual techniques “to focus our attention on the psychological consequences of this desire for identification or identity”. [4] The camera zoom, different visual effects, change of color, light and picture, and offline editing are the most important techniques which help the audience to understand the main idea of the mo
The possibility and probability degree of errors are common issues in both research design and research assessment. Independently of the project topic, scientists of all fields remain vigilant of the potential variations that may misinterpretations compromise their research results. Certain margins of errors, however, are factored within the statistical analysis itself, while others are a sign of design and sampling errors. The former is unavoidable and inconsequential for the scientific value of the research, operating as a pre-established part of the narrative. The latter has the capacity to compromise an entire project by virtue of affecting all of the collected data by its mere presence. This paper attempts to conceptualize standard errors and sampling errors in research and discuss them within the context of a real-world application. The standard error is a natural data analysis variation that occurs when the standard deviation is applied to a chosen data sample. It is a mathematical consequence of the analysis and does not compromise the perceived statistical accuracy of the result. Sampling error, however, affects the representative value and the statistical accuracy of the result, indicating the sampling process has been conducted incorrectly. Sampling errors generally occur when a quantitative survey operates as the main research instrument. They are the result of the sub-set of a population having been incorrectly chosen to represent the whole population. Sampling errors are dangerous, as they do not account for other factors of influence on the final research result that is, due to the incorrect sampling, distributed abnormally within the group. To article COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence was chosen to illustrate the concepts of standard and sampling errors. It is related to the largest problem encountered by health sciences within the last century and is therefore directly relevant to many recent and ongoing research projects. This particular article examines the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 virus on the mental health of those who have contracted it. The research question posed asked which, if any, were the long-term effects on the mental health of the COVID-19 patients (Vinegaard & Benros, 20
Major Areas of Concern Related to the Family Nurse Practice and Malpractice Family Nurse Practice (FNP) entails diverse areas of concern, which significantly affect the ability of practitioners to provide quality services. FNPs have repeatedly raised concerns about many malpractice litigations the public initiates against them. This has escalated the costs of insurance cover for FNPs because they have more liability lawsuits (Croke, 2003). The costs have gone higher than for other practice fields. It is notable that employers are supposed to cover liability insurance costs under their employment policies. This can reduce the costs incurred by FNPs in purchasing professional insurance against work related liabilities (Croke, 2003). It is also notable that much as the professional liability insurance costs for FNPs are so high, some firms still present certain limitations and exclusions on possible areas of coverage. The several limitations that FNPs deal with in their practice minimize their chances of undertaking private practice (Croke, 2003). The costs of obtaining malpractice insurance are very high. The recommendations physicians make to enable them secure insurance also excludes the. The statute of limitations has defined areas that limit the activities of FNPs (Croke, 2003). The FNPs also face challenges in accessing professional liability insurance because of certain exclusions. The insurance policies do not cover negligence thus excluding many FNPs. This is the greatest challenge because most lawsuits are associated with negligence (Croke, 2003). Furthermore, many states exclude FNPs from participating in the health sector because of diverse reasons. The most notable sources of exclusions include criminal activities, which violate public policy, cases of untruthfulness in liability coverage, and failure to notify insurer once acts of negligence have occurred. Nurses can cause malpractice through failing to follow the standards of care delivery as provided for in their guidelines. Some nurses have also failed to assess, identify and communicate observed changes on patients because of lack of documentation initiatives. Cases of malpractice also emanate from nurses inability to advocate on behalf of the patients during the care. Comparisons between Medical Doctor (MD) and Advance Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) APRNs can specialize in certain areas such as psychiatry to provide mental health services offered by physicians. This indicates that the gap between MD’s and APRN’s is smaller because of the ability to share areas of specialization (The Future of Nursing, 2012). Furthermore, APRNs have advanced training that allows them to offer care the same way as MD’s. There are different areas where MD’s and APRN’s must work jointly during care provision. APRNs include registered nurses who have attained postgraduate training. The practitioners’ education entails didactic and clinical aspects. They are prepared through a focus on knowledge and wide scope of nursing practice. They have elaborate skills, familiarity and understanding in unde
The new intermodal terminal of Burlington Northern Santa Fe’s Logistics Park in the Chicago area is a combination of inter-modal vehicles and carload service with warehousing and trans-loading services. The Park is huge in being 1.5 miles in length and one mile in width and encompasses an area of 380 acres. The BNSF Logistics Park was opened with much fanfare and is a facility that is considered to be a new national model for freight logistics services. Introduced as a multi-nodal facility, it is designed to amalgamate services of direct rail, trucks, intermodal, and trans-load along with warehousing and distribution services at one location. Trains coming from the eastern railroad can enter the yard directly, which entails the saving of one to two days of movement through crowded terminals in Chicago. There is much to benefit from the new facilities especially in view of the constant increase in rail traffic and services. The BSNF Logistics Park is the leading intermodal carrier for the rail industry and will enable customers to benefit from the synergies emanating from the widened I-55 as also from the growth opportunities arising from the planned warehouse and distribution centers in the metropolitan areas of Southwest Chicago. The development comprises intermodal facilities, automotive facilities, and the provision of trans-load and multi-user car load facilities. BNSF Logistics Park can build trains faster since it has its own switching yards and can combine automotive and intermodal train services to western areas. Initially, Phase I of the BNSF Logistics Park has included inter-modal facilities of 124 acres, automotive facilities of 151 acres, and storage and switching yard of 105 acres. Phase II of the Park will provide for added 245 acres to the Park. The facility provides for an efficient distribution within the Chicago market because international distribution can be consolidated from one location without any problems arising from the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest. As per the Railway Track and Structures report (2002), the inter-modal facilities will enable an efficient and fully serviced international container service for customers of BNSF. The facilities envisage a lift capacity of three million with further room for expansion by 800,000 lifts annually. The “Gateway Hub’ facility at BNSF Logistics Park will be the first of its kind in coming up with auto trains for western areas. Automakers can thus make use of marketing strategies to benefit their businesses. The BNSF Logistics Park is close to the former mainline at Santa Fe and adjacent to Interstate 55. The vast 621-acre facility provides options for expansion and is the focal point for the 2200 acre inter-modal warehouse and distribution center of Center Point Properties in the southwest suburbs of Chicago. It is expected that the facilities at BNSF can handle over 1000 lifts per day. The present configuration of the intermodal facility c
Executive Summary Social networking sites changed the way people communicate, interact and conduct business with each other (Shuen, 2008). Social networking media like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn, provide a radical way for people to collaborate, generate and apply ideas. Web 1.0 radically altered the way human beings behaved in the 20 th century, but there are more surprises when it comes to Web 2.0 (Botha, Strydom, & Brink, 2007). The advent of Web 2.0 requires a change of mindset in order to fully appreciate its various capabilities both in the private and public sector. Web 2.0 presents a different set of possibilities and a different range of challenges. In a world of Internet, where users are actively participate in what is going on around them, the rules are different from what they are used to be. Facebook is a form of social networking site that allows people to meet, interact and collaborate in different ways such as sharing photos, information or ideas (Campesato & Nilson, 2011, p.234). The combination of Web 2.0 and other e-business strategy resulted in the creation of a networked economy and radically transformed the way people view globalization. Introduction It is best to begin with Facebook because it is the most popular social networking site in the planet and at the same time it is the most successful when it comes to attracting members and generating profit (Ruschmann, 2006). Consider for instance the fact that Facebook surpassed Google in terms of the number of people who visited their respective sites (Kirkpatrick, 2010). In the present time, Facebook boasted that the company had already one billion users worldwide (Russell, 2011). At the same time the company is eager to announce that the organization generated a great deal of money due to its tie up with private firms eager to utilize the Facebook applications so that the said businesses achieve a higher level of exposure as compared to traditional methods of disseminating information through mass media (Atton, 2004). One of the best examples when it comes to information dissemination and heightened interaction between an enterprise and their customers could be seen in the way Burberry leveraged the power of social media (Shuen, 2008). Burberry is a company that was established in the year 1856. It was established in the United Kingdom. In the present time the firm declared that it has sales outlets as far as the United States and Japan. Burberry became an iconic brand in the 20 th century due to style, quality, and endorsements of celebrities both local and foreign (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2010). These customers were impressed by Burberry’s no nonsense approach. Customers favour the brand because of the Burberry check that has become instantly recognisable all over the world. However, there was a time a few years ago when the company was in a bad shape. The firm experienced hardships especially when it comes to factors like intense competition, negative effect of co
The Bhopal incident of 1984 is an excellent example of what adverse consequences may multinational corporations bring if they decide to ignore both the environmental and safety regulations. It is also an instance of how companies from developed and industrialized countries export risk to underdeveloped nations. Thousands were injured, and more than 3000 people died as a result of the release of 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC). The incident took place at the Union Carbide Plant in Bhopal in India. This plant was operated by Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), headquartered in West Virginia. The incident happened because of UCC’s decision to neglect its moral responsibilities. Knowing that it would be financially infeasible to meet environmental standards in the United States, they decided to export the risk to India. However, they continuously ignored India’s requirements as well, exploiting the weaknesses of the local government by manipulating them with financial incentives. With the decrease of the fiscal budget dedicated to employee education, most of the personnel did not receive the necessary knowledge on handling MIC. On the one hand, it made personnel unprofessional because they were incompetent, and on the other, it was an act of paternalism from UCC. By intentionally depriving employees of training, the company divested the workers of information on potential health and life-safety implications of MIC. After experiencing a decrease in sales volumes and learning that it was financially infeasible to commit to environmental and workplace safety, UCC should have shut down the plant instead of exploiting the vulnerabilities of this less-developed country. Such a decision would not only have saved thousands of lives but would also keep the corporation from spoiling its image in front of people and the global engineering community.
Real Estate The business shall concentrate on constructing, renting, selling, and managing real estate. Real estate is a booming business in Dubai. The demand for housing has continued unabated for many years. This is due to some positive factors like population growth, increase in incomes, availability of finance, buyers’ preferences, and future expectations (Dubai Chamber of Commerce & Industry 1). The population of Dubai has been rising steadily since 1975 with cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.9 percent. The estimated population of Dubai by 2010 was 1.845 million people. Therefore, on average, the number of people in Dubai increases by 0.108 million people per year. This figure shows that Dubai has massive investment opportunities for real estate developers because of the increasing number of people who need new residential units. Figure 1: Demand for housing units in Dubai. Source: Dubai Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 2007 Dubai requires at least 43,233 housing units annually to accommodate its growing population. Therefore, investors must cater for employees in Dubai, investors, people attending events and conferences, business travellers, and people who visit for education and treatment reasons. Dubai’s GDP grew by CAGR of 13 percent between 2000 and 2006. At the same time, the real per capita income also increased by four percent during the same period. This growth in income in Dubai shows that the demand for housing units shall increase. Dubai Strategic Plan estimated that the country would achieve 11 percent GDP growth between 2007 and 2015. The growth in income is mainly in upper and middle classes, who are the main target market for real estate developers. According to Al Qamzi, the demand for housing units shall increase after 2012 due to the creation of jobs and increased economic activities among people in Dubai (McGinley 1). Dubai has favourable costs and readily available financing for investors planning to venture into real estate. The cumulative monthly growth rate (CMGR) was 5.5 percent between 2005 and 2006. Financing options are available from both commercial banks and mortgage financing institutions at varying rates (banks charge between seven to eight percent while mortgage companies charge slightly higher than banks). On the negative side, Masood Al Awar, the CEO of Tasweek notes that the real estate market in Dubai has not recovered from the negative effects of the global financial crunch. However, some parts of Dubai have maintained price stability since 2011. This price stability is also available in the residential segment. However, demands for office units declined by two percent due to low activities in key areas, such as Business Bay and the Dubai International Financial Centre (Awar 1). Job agency for skilled labourers This business shall provide skilled labourers from both local and overseas markets to employers in Dubai and other GCC countries. For a long time, Dubai has depended on foreign skilled workers for running its economy. For instance, in 20
In the sphere of the cinema, a visual factor prevails, and music is completely subordinate to it; nevertheless, they form a single whole. A sound effect enhances the impact of a specific image. In the first film, the music influences mood significantly, helping the audience to feel the tense moments and additionally affecting viewers’ emotions. It changes the idea of what is about to happen, and new rhythms make it possible to understand this or that situation better. The absence of music will not have such an effect on the perception of pirate adventures. The same situation is in the film about the Lion King, where quite naive melodies help to understand the change of mood accurately. New rhythms allow determining the plot turn, and all the new melodies give an opportunity to recognize danger, triumph, and other emotions easily. The absence of music, on the contrary, would make the film more boring. According to the study conducted by Vuoskoski and Eerola (2015), “the sad narrative description appeared to intensify the sadness induced by the sad-sounding piece,” and this assumption suits the story about the Lion King (p. 262). In the story of Star Wars, in scene one in the Throne Room, the intense and bravura music makes it clear that a battle takes place, and excitement appears. Any new sounds can change the perception of the plot and either lead to the expected final or surprise the audience. The lack of music in this episode would not have such an effect. In scene two, the triumphant nature of the music sets the viewers and listeners in a specific mood. The melody is unlikely to affect the perception that something is about to happen, and if this music were absent, the proper effect would fail. However, in case a new sound series appears, it will influence the overall impression significantly and will give an opportunity to understand the abrupt change of the plot. In general, this exercise has made me convinced once again that sound effects help to immerse the audience into a specific atmosphere and are the important component of any plot. Reference Vuoskoski, J. K., & Eerola, T. (2015). Extramusical information contributes to emotions induced by music. Psychology of Music , 43 (2), 262-274. Web.