ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Aristotle is an outstanding legend in the field of philosophy with his deep sensational thoughts on ethics. The philosopher has created his school of thought on ethics, their determinants, and accompanying premises. In his comprehensive reflection, Aristotle adopts a deontological approach that bases wrongness and rightness on intrinsic characteristics. He builds what is commonly referred to as ‘ethics of common sense and is actively functioning on self-realization and naturalism. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the thoughts of Aristotle and their relevance to the nursing profession. Virtue/Deontological theory Aristotle defines the aspect of good as a disposition since it functions around an action-oriented teleological system. Therefore, Aristotle denotes his premise from the fact that all rational things often aim for ‘good’ through action-oriented respect, mutual coexistence, and deeply entrenched social values. This is because human beings possess more ethical rights than other beings based on their rationality in addition to an inherent worth. In his famous book, Nicomachean Ethics , Aristotle is sophisticated in clarifying what society might consider good. Among his listed examples include experiencing pleasure, being honored, being healthy, and having beneficial friends. However, he is much interested in the foundation of each of these good actions (Ross, 1999). Despite the existence of a series of intermediate goodness forms, Aristotle is convinced that there exists the ‘highest good’ which he called eudemonia. In an interesting reflection, Aristotle opines that “the good is final and self-sufficient; happiness is defined” (Ross, 1999, p. 27). Eudemonia is achievable upon utilizing life virtues that must be put in action. Aristotle further delineates virtue as readiness and the inclination to jump into action with situational excellence despite the circumstances of the time. Aristotle argues that man, in his quest for happiness, must balance the contrary extreme habits to maintain a beneficial friendship despite assuming a compromising ground for special actions. He concludes that an individual can only be declared ‘good’ after years of consistently practicing goodness and a virtual plethora of ways. Therefore, the actions of an individual determine his happiness and the aspect of what is ethically good (Ross, 1999). Application to nursing practice This theory is directly related to the nursing professional code of ethics as indicated in the provisions of the NPA. Sec. 335.016 summarizes the professional act in nursing as functional on the principles of inter and intrapersonal interactions with the patients. The nurses have the responsibility of maintaining confidentiality, professionalism, and due care within
A professional is someone that must adhere to the highest standards of his profession. A high-level of professionalism does not only ensure quality output but also safety in the workplace and the sustainability of the operation because the professional will not do anything that would put the firm in a compromising position and negatively affect the reputation of his co-workers and even his or her employers. The same applies to a pharmacist who works in an environment where he or she has access to drugs and other medical paraphernalia that can be used to help people or harm their health. A pharmacist must be mindful of three core values: advocacy, integrity, and respect. A pharmacist must have an advocacy. A pharmacist is not another professional working behind a counter and dispensing drugs to customers. A pharmacist must believe in something and use that belief as inspiration for his or her actions. The pharmacist’s advocacy can be a guiding light that would enable the pharmacist to appreciate his or her role in this world beyond the repetitive aspect of the job. In his or her spare time it is this advocacy that would guide in choosing the activities that can help promote responsibility among consumers. One of which is the advocacy to help people understand that it is wrong to abuse prescription medication and to exploit any loopholes in the system to abuse drugs that can be bought over the counter. A pharmacist must have integrity in order to make the correct decision in times when he or she is in an ethical dilemma. Consider for instance if a relative approaches a pharmacist in order to buy a particular drug that requires prescription and yet this particular relative would like to buy this drug without any prescription in hand. A pharmacist that does not have integrity would easily give in and sell the drugs to a relative or a friend. More importantly, integrity is needed in this profession because a pharmacist is knowledgeable about some of the most intimate details of people. Just one look at the prescription medication the pharmacist already has an idea about the illness of the person and in this is the type of information that must be safeguarded in order to protect the privacy of the customers. Respect is the final attribute that a successful pharmacist should possess. Respect means that a pharmacist does not only see people as mere customers – a means to earn a living. A pharmacist must look at customers as human beings that may or may not be in a personal crisis. Consider for instance the woman who is buying medication to treat his son’s illness or the man who comes in to buy medicine for a cancer that is in remission. Thus, the people who comes to buy medicine has to be treated with respect, the pharmacist must be sensitive to what he says or do not knowing the kind of pain and suffering that a customer may have been going through at that time. Conclusion Advocacy, integrity, and respect are some of the major qualities that a professional must possess. When it comes to a pharmacist these three core values are indispensable. These core values can become a major part of a moral compass that would not only ensure
A disabled person is an individual whose probability of finding, retaining, and advancing in employment is phenomenally reduced due to a recognized physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairment (Spellman & Bieber, 2011). Our company, Lesly Group of Companies, is a multi-national consortium that manufactures steel products. Several offshore small companies rely on the administrative arm of its headquarters in Pittsburg, USA. It has been involved in hiring and integrating people with disabilities into its workforce since its inception in 1987. In the early 1990s, it declared all forms of discrimination, including origin, disability, gender, color, nationality, health, and religion, as illegal in its premises. It has cultivated that culture with augmentation of it in its mission goals. The company has organized several projects such as information day for disabled students to learn and meet the industry’s requirements. They are subsequently selected and offered permanent positions at the company’s branches. In some other branches, it has introduced on-job training for disabled people in various areas such as housekeeping, kitchen areas, and laundry free of charge and without any hidden costs (Spellman & Bieber, 2011). Our company provides several modalities for an employee to be accommodated in the company with matters concerning disability. One of the steps followed is the proof of the disability, either a clinical proof or if it is evidently physical enough. Another proof is an official declaration by the employee of his/her inability to disseminate services normally as previously at the time of admission. Finally, the company needs proof of any preferential treatment or handling that the employee expects to be given in his/her future dissemination of occupation duties and, if applicable, a change in the level of salary in line with the number of duties he/she is subjected to in the future (Spellman & Bieber, 2011). All in all, the company enhances accommodation for disability by providing an environment where employees with disability can discharge their duties conveniently while enjoying equal benefits and privileges to those provided to other employees of normal status. In the event of an injury, minor or major, occurring at the workplace, the employer must provide medical facility for the employee, compensation if the accident attracts such measures, and a statutory paid sick leave. All accidents within the company’s premises are normally reported and recorded in the accidents books for the ass
Introduction Young people are increasingly losing track of the moral behaviors taught to them in this period. Their lives are constantly challenged by the daily pressures. Although this has reached alarming levels, Parents have a role to play in the mitigation of this problem. The lifestyles of children are increasingly becoming difficult to predict with a lot of changes in the global civilization. Family relations that had kept the children intact are falling apart with increasing divorce, separation, and conflicts. Furthermore; more children are now living in single homes with divided attention, challenging the basic structures of socialization. The effects are grave as more children and youths are turning delinquent and immoral, posing the question of what the future holds for our nations across the globe. Among the most affected countries is the United States which is recording startling records of delinquent youths. This paper will attempt to investigate the roles of the key officials in a juvenile court. Definitions Juvenile delinquency is the condition in which children do things contrary to the law. Juvenile legal systems are those institutions set aside to stimulate the processes of dealing with juvenile cases. While the developed countries rate highly with those affected by delinquency, the developing worlds are even worse. They are faced with multiple problems ranging from the pressures of transitions, overcrowding in the towns and slums, inadequate employment opportunities, poverty to faster population growth (World Youth Report, 2003, p.189). Even the female sex known to be more calm have gone into the same behaviors. Given the few opportunities, youth end up joining illegal lines to survive and this exposes them to potentially harmful experiences. The past decade has witnessed a huge increase in youth delinquency, a situation that is not healthy for the development of any country. Statistics show that children in difficult pos
In Much Ado About Nothing , Shakespeare uses the plot of the story to portray a world of love, that is, he suggests that no matter how much individuals make ‘much ado’ about love (nothing), it will always conquer all problems that may come it’s the way. Every one of us experiences love in one way or another; therefore, its importance cannot be overemphasized. Based on this play, the people of Messina greatly valued marriages. Even though deceptions, some malevolent and others benign, were a common occurrence among them, they marveled whenever there was a marriage between two lovers. This is seen when every person celebrates the marriages of the two couples, Benedick and Beatrice, and Claudio and Hero, as the play ends. Moreover, they greatly treasured the chastity of a woman. Sex was only allowed in the marriage. The scene in which Hero is accused of sleeping with a stranger depicts this. Over time, these values have ceased to exist. Currently, many people do not value marriages. Most couples stay together without avowing to each other in a marriage ceremony. More so, chastity among women is no longer treasured, as cases of teen pregnancy are an everyday occurrence. The values that the people of Messina held in the sixteenth century cannot fit with the values that are present today. This is because they have been eroded over time and few people still treasure them in this twenty-first century.
One of the common Never Events that have attracted considerable attention is patient infection during their hospital stay. Thornlow and Merwin (2009) note that numerous standards and policies have been developed to eliminate or reduce the rate of hospital-acquired infections. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Joint Commission (TJC) introduced measures to address the issue as well. For instance, the Joint Commission underlines the need to ensure a reduced stay of patients in emergency departments for the improvement of access to care (Joint Commission, 2020). However, irrespective of this effort, the problem persists, which is specifically true in large hospitals (Thornlow & Merwin, 2009). Nurses play a central part in the process of improvement due to their key role in the delivery of care. It has been acknowledged that cross-functional teams can be instrumental in addressing the problem (Health Catalyst Editors, 2019). At that, nurses are at the forefront as they are in close contact with the patient, they provide diverse healthcare services, and they are involved in quality improvement projects (Kroning et al., 2019). Nurses receive training aimed at improving care, and patient infection prevention is one of the areas covered during such programs. At that, nursing practitioners have to face challenges related to their attempts to improve quality. The lack of resources is one of the most influential barriers preventing nurses from the implementation of various initiatives. Nurses are also overloaded with tasks and subject to significant work-related stress, which has a negative impact on their performance and commitment to quality improvement. These challenges have a larger impact on the overall performance of health-related organizations that often struggle with establishing high standards that are consistent with the ones developed by such entities as CMS or TJC.
Introduction The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) offers 10 critical standards for helping parents and guardians to make appropriate choices when identifying the best preschools or care centers for their infants. These guidelines focus on established relationships, teaching processes, child’s health, competencies of staff members, the inclusion of families, child progress, and learning environment. The 10 principles of caregiving revolve around the involvement of toddlers, interaction, personalized learning, respect, honesty, trust, and child developmental stages. These models are comparable since they promote the most appropriate considerations and practices that will support or meet the needs of more young children (Lucas et al, p. 42). They also guide professionals and parents to implement powerful practices and strategies that can improve the learning process and equip the targeted children with the desired traits while at the same time ensuring that the environment remains favorable. The NAEYC standards work in tandem with the 10 principles since they guide leaders to transform their institutions into good learning and developmental environments for more children. Common Themes The 10 principles of caregiving provide evidence-based ideas and guidelines for ensuring that infants grow up to become responsible people in their respective communities. Some of the themes that are identifiable from them include child empowerment, child independence, respect, honesty, and positive relationship. Most of these principles encourage educators and caregivers to appreciate the fact that children require personalized guidelines and support to learn independently. Honest conversations and approaches will support the improvement of trust and eventually deliver the intended developmental milestones (Lucas et al, p. 42). Each guideline revolves around the concepts of positive relationships and effective communication in an attempt to meet every child’s developmental needs. Caregiving Routines Caregivers have to undertake various routines when supporting infants, such as diaper change, communication, and feeding. Whenever undertaking these activities, these professionals can ensure that the targeted children are involved and guided. This approach will make it easier for them to learn how things are done and their importance. With constant engagement, these caregivers will ensure that such daily routines become powerful tools for improving or supporting curricular activities. The beneficiaries will learn to trust others, start to appreciate the concept of responsibility, and acquire additional communication skills (Lucas et al, p. 43). The most important consideration is for such professionals to ensure that every routine activity is customized depending on the learning abilities of the targeted child. Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Growth The inputs caregivers present to the targeted children will determine their emotional, social, and mental growth patterns. They will begin to appreciate the importance of interacting with other people, learn to manage their feeling
Cities have been rocked with increased crime rates, social problems, and violence which include youth violence, collective violence, shootings, and child abuse and neglect. Violence in the cities exposes everybody including the innocent and the children. The idea of the American cities turning to be jungles was observed by James Burnham in 1964. It is observed that in these jungles, the “beasts” are armed. Violence in cities has claimed lives through death, caused permanent mental and physical injuries among other causes. Violence has also been reported in schools where the young carry with their weapons, making such a public place appear ‘wild’. In 1994, Chicago alone could realize shooting in every 34 minutes and a murder every 8 hours. In the same year, seventeen children who were under fourteen years were claimed by the more than 13,000 shootings in Chicago (“Notes from the jungle”). Reasons contributing to general violence includes implementation of harsh discipline in a society leading to defiance of masses, inadequate and poor monitoring and supervision for example at school as prevention means of avoiding crime, drug smug
The article under consideration is the result of the cooperation between two professional writers and scientists John Filler and Yaoying Xu that was published in Childhood Education in 2006. These two authors make one of the most successful attempts to investigate developmentally appropriate practices (also known as DAP) and to evaluate all its dimensions offered by the representatives of the National Association of Education for Young Children (NAEYC). The main point about this article is that the authors tried to rely on different methods both qualitative and quantitative in order to find out the ways of how early childhood educators are able to cope with challenges in their practices, consider numerous inside and outside factors, and provide many children specially those who have some disabilities with a chance to develop and grasp the necessary material on the necessary level. In this article, the authors deal with numerous developmentally appropriate practices which are inherent to specific childhood education programs in order to promote proper education and communication that happens between educators and children and between children with disabilities; to achieve better and more clear results, the authors pay their attention to such diversities like culture, ethics, and race and get a good chance to understand what has to be done more by teachers, parents, and students to cope with all educational challenged and present qualified education on different levels for different children. One of the most powerful sides of the article is that Filler and Xu (2006) rely on the works of “such theorists as Rousseau, Locke, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Piaget, and Vygotsky, exemplified by Itard’s techniques, the Montessori approach, and the Head Start movement in the 1960s, as well as numerous other, more recent, examples of successful early childhood education programs” (p. 92). This decision explains that this article is based on the qualitative analysis of the information gathered and analyzed for a long period of time. The quality of this data cannot be called in question because the authors of the article do not want to agree blindly with all ideas, suggestions, and decisions made before. What they actually want to do is to evaluate the already published achievements, compare them, combine with the current state of affairs and educational conditions, and clear up how these ideas may be used nowadays. This is why it was decided to base investigations on “either sociocultural differences or ability differences that fall within the range of what might be termed ‘normal variation’” (Filler & Xu, 2006, p. 92). In the article, developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) undergoes considerable evaluation from the NAEYC’s side.
Why Your Organisation Needs To Change External and internal forces can encourage change if they become powerful and irresistible than the forces resisting change. Change becomes inevitable and alters the market status of an organization from its current to a desired future state. Organizations which resist change gradually incur loss in the form of skilled manpower, stakeholder credibility, finance, and management commitment. The internal factors that necessitate change include the need to properly address changing employee needs and values because employees are leaning towards good quality life alternatives (Mathis & Jackson, 2007). External factors which bring about change include technology, social issues, techno-structural and socio-technical issues, and the organization itself. Organizations change because they desire to restructure and reduce cost overheads such. An example was the relocation of Boeing’s headquarters out of Seattle. Cultural factors, mergers, change in business location, work profile, regulatory, and statutory drivers contribute to the need for change. Once change has been initiated and implemented, it causes an impact discussed in the next section (Fullan, 2011). The impact of change on the organisations business The elements of the positive impact caused on an organisation’s business include competitive advantage, new ways of satisfying customers, new approaches of producing goods and services, and the acquisition of new skills. Change provides the opportunity for continuous improvements and enhanced collaborative efforts with stakeholders, which improves the profits of an organization (Lunenburg, 2010). Factors involved in the change process – how did you plan the process of change? The factors involved in the change process include the ability to tolerate ambiguity, possess team building abilities, communicate effectively, set realistic goals, and effectively interact with others. That is in addition to the ability to sell plans to others, network with others, stimulate motivation and commitment, be politically aware, and influence other, be personally enthusiastic. The change process is planned by categorising and identifying the type of change needed for an organization and determining the nature of change based on needs recognition. It includes planning the implementation of change based on an ideal implementation strategy which consists of situational diagnosis, general strategy, supporting techniques, evaluation, and feedback plans (Green, 2007). Change involves employees who own the change process by using opportunities which are available to make the change become effective. It involves trade unions which encourage ownership of the change process to help employees accept the change process. The source of information for the change process includes interviews, which helps managers to comprehensively understand the feelings of employees. Implementing change becomes effective by involving people who have positive and negative feelings about change. Change is implemented by varying the me