ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The issue of ethnic mixing was a crucial problem in the USA in the 19 th century: “There are very large numbers of mulattoes. They are mistaken, and not unnaturally. A score of black children are passed unnoticed; one mulatto is observed. In a country peopled with only one race there might be as many children born out of wedlock as there are mulattoes in any one of the Southern States, but there would be no evidence to the eye. But where white and black are blended the yellow skin advertises the origin of its owner” the narrator emphasizes (Haygood, 2000, p. 8). The short story Desiree’s Baby by Kate Chopin dwells on the issues of ethnic mixing, slavery, racism in pre-war America concentrating on the prejudiced attitude toward mulattoes and appalling consequences of this attitude. The narration is set in Louisiana and reveals the story of a young Desiree, who was adopted by a wealthy family of Creoles, Monsieur, and Madame Valmonde (Chopin, 2003, p. 1). Desiree is depicted as a “beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere” girl, a pure soul “sent to her [Madame Valmonde] by a beneficent Providence to be the child of her affection” (Chopin, 2003, p. 1). Moreover, light-hearted, marked by no taints, the girl is idolized in the beginning by her foster parents, the pride of the family, “the idol of Valmonde” (Chopin, 2003, p. 1). However, the origin of the girl is not known since she was believed to be “left by a party of Texans” who crossed Valmonde’s plantation one day (Chopin, 2003, p. 1). From the beginning of the story, the reader anticipates the happy ending especially when the author describes the meeting of Desiree and Armand Aubigny who had fallen in love with each other at the first sight. Blinded by passion, Armand doesn’t pay much attention to the fact that Desiree is “nameless” (Chopin, 2003, p. 1). As far as Armand is concerned, he is a descendant of a wealthy, old and respected family in Louisiana. Armand’s mansion, “a sad looking place” surrounded by “big, solemn oaks with their thick-leaved, far-reaching branches shadowing the house like a pall”, may be symbolic of the personality of the owner (Chopin, 2003, p. 2). Indeed, Armand is a strict ruler whose slaves “had forgotten how to be gay, as they had been during the old master’s easy-going and indulgent time” (Chopin, 2003, p. 2). Armand is proud of his origin regarding his family to be the proudest and the influential one. Moreover, Armand’s world is concentrated on pride and condescension upon other people. Nothing initially explicitly indicates Armand’s black origin. However, some hints may inspire suspicions, such as Armand’s “dark, handsome face”. As far as Armand’s mother is concerned, she was French and died when the boy was 8 and nothing is revealed about her skin color. Taking into account that Armand was born
Introduction A conjugal visit is provided in the first Amendment, Section 1 in the US Constitution which protects a person freedom of religion and expression (assembly, speech and request the government to look into their problems) against the government intrusion. These visits are offered to inmates with the supervision of correctional officers in the prisons, “they are private meeting between inmates and their wife and during those meeting they are allowed to engage in anything including having sex. There are guidelines for these visits; the visits are allowed for inmates who are officially married” (Boudouris, 2008). International Law on Conjugal visits Many transexual, lesbian, bisecxual and gay (LGBT) usually face many challenges as prisoners and they usually bring challenges to many correctional facilities around the world, risks ob being sexual abused by other prisoners. There are no International Law that can protect these groups of people in various countries in the world; it only depends on the various legislations that are found in those specific countries. In Argentina conjugal visits have been permitted for the opposite sex in the Cordoba province but other state do not permit this same sex conjugal visits. In Australia LGBT visits is only permitted in the capital and Victoria but in other places conjugal visits is not permitted of any type. The legislation in Brazil only allow conjugal visits for gay and straight couples but those couple which are lesbians they are not permitted for these visitations. Conjugal Visits Do they Exist in US At one time conjugal visits were quite common in many correctional facilities around the United State, “but most correctional facilities have abolished this system for security reasons” (Burstein, 2008). Many of these visits used to last even for a whole day in most of correctional facilities across United State which gave the inmates and their wives enough time to spend together. This visit used to be having security risks, imagine a wife of a prisoner came to visit an inmate; the prisoner officer will not monitor an inmate with his wife during the conversation because freedom for speech is provided in the first Amendment of the United State Constitution. In few correctional facilities which still allow these visits, “they are limited and only allowed to prisoners who have shown good behavior. This privilege is earned and not given because a prisoner must show he deserve this visit” (Burstein, 2008). “The aim of conjugal visit was to encourage the prisoners and their spouses to preserve family ties. This was a way to maintain order in various correctional facili
Teamwork is significant to the success of an organization. Teams are significant vehicles for the establishment of valuable solutions to the arising problems. Nevertheless, the creation and management of successful teams is not an easy task (Alexiev, Volberda, & Van den Bosch, 2016). For instance, it has been established that as the size of the group increases, the likelihood of collaborating efficiently reduces. Large groups demand favorable conditions and motivation for enhanced cooperation and success. Large teams are less cohesive and have more communication problems than small ones. The realization of a positive organizational environment calls for a thoughtful process; significant investment of time, energy, and effort; and excellent conflict resolution, collaboration, communication, coordination, and comfort. Creativity is boosted when employees operate jointly. Members of a group should develop open, opportune, and respectful communication to safeguard their collective welfare. Effective communication arises when the members of a group are at ease expressing sentiments and ideas and are open to different viewpoints. The attributes of a strong and successful group encompass effective communication, facilitated morale, excellent leadership, and the ability of the members to perceive themselves as valuable players. The members of a group usually become frustrated or displeased when they find that their opinions do not count or are not permitted to give their views regarding daily operations (De Jong, Dirks, & Gillespie, 2016). Successful leaders should maintain the morale of group members high by promoting everyone’s contribution and valuing the recommendations offered. The members of a group desire to feel proud not just of being on the team but also having their ideas, achievements, efforts, and contributions treasured. On this note, leaders ought to create and uphold a delicate balance between encouraging every member’s input and recognizing them as individual participants. Strong leadership is crucial for the realization of organizational goals. Successful leaders identify the significance of the supportive backing of the group, in addition to its people, center on every stakeholder, and seek the views of clients or supporters (De Jong et al., 2016). Moreover, such leaders engage all members of the group and come up with smart, reasonable, well-defined, and excellently planned objectives. In this manner, the leaders generate a setting of mutual respect and trust while motivating the team members to become diligent. Effective leadership motivates the members of the group to collaborate toward common objectives, get involved in problem resolution, sustain individual responsibility, and discover a sustaina
Connection of The Jungle to US History since 1877 Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle complements the history of the U.S since 1877 by further accentuating the impact of the industrial revolution that commenced in mid nineteenth century. This was a period of intense development which saw the U.S ascend to greater echelons of capitalism. The industrial revolution facilitated America with massive provisions like mass production of goods through manufactu
Introduction The Social Network is a well thought out film that is interesting to watch. Watching the film leaves one convinced that it is a masterpiece work portraying the creativity of the artists. The film is a story about the results of friends who fall victims of their inner misgivings and how the decisions they make disturb them eventually. The onset of the film is Cambridge, where Mark Zuckerberg who is a student engages in a conversation with his girlfriend that leaves him angry and disappointed as he goes back to his room. Zuckerberg is assisted by his friend Saverin in hacking into the servers of Harvard where he gets profile pictures belonging to two ladies and gives people a chance to rate the pictures. This activity enables Zuckerberg to attract attention and he eventually steals ideas of those coming up with a Harvard based social network to develop his own (Lind, 2010). One of the most important characters in the film is Garfield who plays the role of Saverin, the only friend Zuckerberg had while in college. While in many ways Garfield represents Christensen, he proves that he has capabilities that are far beyond those of Christensen. The close bond existing between the two, the selfish and selfl
Introduction Art is central to existence. Various forms of art provide outlets for the things that drive the development of the mankind, one generation to another. Works of art have been parts of different cultures since time immemorial. Every period of history is marked by its trends in art; in the same way works of art vary from one community to another. Pieces of art say much about their developers or periods when they were created. This is explained by the fact that art is a form of expression of artists’ thoughts regarding various issues that happen in their surroundings. Works of art are also used to criticize certain issues in the community, while some artists use them to sell ideas to people. The most appreciated element of art is its aesthetics that can be observed in all forms of art. Historically, artistic masterpieces have always had great influence on the way of life in the human society, while historical works of art inform people about their past and unify them by giving a light perception of life. American works of art say much about the history and culture of the United States. Despite the relatively short history, America has the great influence upon the development of modern art around the world. The so-called “Gilded Age” is considered to be one of the most successful periods of American art. It was marked by considerable developments in economic, political, and social spheres of life, whil
The scientific name of the Brown Mussel is Perna Perna (Galvao, Longo, Torres and Malm 1). It is classified under, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia, Order Mytiloida, Family Mytilidae, Genus, Perna and the specific name Perna . It is among the most widely farmed bivalves in Brazil representing approximately 19% of the country’s Mariculture. The organism’s habitat and native geographical location are often found in warm water bodies. P. Perna is indigenous to parts of Africa, Europe and South America, although it is also found in North America, where it was artificially introduced. It is usually hunted and harvested in South America where it is considered an important source of food (Abada-Boudjema, Yamina-Madiha and Dauvin 468). Ironically, it contains highly toxic substances known to destroy some marine structures. When many Mussels attach themselves to water pipes, they can course serious clogging, which disrupts the flow of water in an area. In addition, they can overwhelm and sink small marine vessels whey that cling on to them in huge clusters. However, because of its low tolerance for chorine, it is considerably easier to control compared to other types of Mussel such as the Perna viridis. The hypothesis of the paper is that the changing seasons differently affect the levels of production of P. Perna in three Brazilian bays. The study involved various types of intensive and careful sampling so the scientists could investigate their reactions to the environments in varied seasons. Brazil was an ideal choice for the study because, among the Mussel growing countries in the world, it is the one with the biggest investment in them. The study’s findings would be used to predict when and where it was most suitable and financially prudent to grow the Mussel with optimal yields. The Mussels were sampled in three bays namely: Guanabara Bay, Sepetiba Bay and Ilha Grande Bay. The sampling procedure involved a Longline farming system, which was used to sample Mussels from a depth of between 1.5 to 2 metres to ensure the results were as accurate as possible (Galvao et al. 3). Over the two seasons the experiment lasted, several samples were gathered on a fixed timetable from all three sites for purposes of comparison. The experiment lasted 8 months, during which it gathered thirty specimens per site for comparison and analysis purposes. Therefore, 6,400 specimens were taken in total, although one must allow for the possibility that this number might not be precise. With such a large number, the scientists were almost guaranteed accuracy since the samples would account for numerous variables. In the course of the study, several experiments were carried out with the objective of determining the impact of seasonality on the Condition Index (CI) values. In one of these trials, the animals were sampled for eight months to establish the impact of the changing of seasons on the CI (Galvao et al. 9). The predictor and response variables for this experiment were the season and CI values, which acted as, predictor and respons
Children should always obey their parents and adults at home and their teachers at school. They should never disrespect them or talk to them rudely and calmly listen to whatever they say. Children need to be tolerant towards their younger brothers and sisters and respectful towards older siblings. They should also treat their relatives and friends with the same respect. Children also need to learn to respect the things around them, like the environment and the animals. Children must never torture an animal just because they can. They should love them and if possible even feed them. They must always remember that just like them, animals have also been created by God and have equal rights to be on this planet. Children also need to learn how to appreciate nature since they are also a part of it. Children should never lie to anyone, be it their parents, friends, teachers, or other relatives. They should always tell the truth and not be afraid of the consequences. They need to understand that if they lie, even once then their parents or teachers will never be able to trust them ever again. Children need to thank God and their parents for everything that they have including good clothes, proper food, their education, books, and thus, for their entire life. Children must attend school every day and pay attention in their classes if they want to soar ahead in life. They must never be late for school or unwilling to attend school. They should carefully listen to the teachings of their educators since it will help them in their examination too. Children must properly plan their lessons every day and try hard to come 1st in their class. Children need to realize that failure is not the end of everything. If they fail once in life, and not only in their examinations, they should understand that it was because they did not try their very best. So, for the next time, they should completely seize the opportunity and prepare themselves to the best of their capacity. Children must never fight with anybody, be it their classmates, siblings, or parents. They should not get involved in any bad habits like gambling or smoking and need to immediately give up all of their bad company since it will only hurt their own future. Children must never speak in a vulgar manner with anybody or abuse them physically or verbally. This not only includes their human company but also animals. They need to be kind to everyone around them, love them and speak pleasantly and gently with them so as not to hurt anyone’s feelings. Children must play only when they do have to study and must never waste time doing something unnecessary. Children must always accompany their parents to the temples and worship wholeheartedly in front of the Gods. They must have both faith in God and confidence in themselves. Children should never hate anyone and alwa
Risk management is currently a core integral process that helps to identify risks and come up with plans to mitigate their effects on projects. In production management, risks affect the quality or performance of a developed product. In the construction industry, risks can disrupt schedules of projects, as well as resources used in the project. Success of any project within the construction industry relies on the level of risk management that contractors put in place to curb construction risks. With increasing construction activities and competition in this industry, there is urgent need to inculcate risk management in the entire construction process. At the same time, no construction project will be risk-free, thus applying ways of preventing and managing them is crucial in avoiding financial losses (Gentle 2002). Risk management techniques must start from the initial stage of construction to the final stage, and in the process foresee possible risking factors that can undergo immediate mitigation process. Risk management has procedures that help in final mitigation of risks at all phases of construction. Since construction projects are open systems, there is need to adjust the risk management process to the cooperative environment (Winch 2012). With high variability and riskiness of such projects, this industry ought not to rely on contracts for risk management. The processes are in a sequence, from risk identification to risk monitoring. There are also risk analysis and planning within the mentioned process. With each construction stage presenting different risks, risk management process also changes to match the risk. Risk management at the construction sites is essential in enhancing the overall safety of labourers. Through operations management, managers are able to identify and manage inherent risks within the construction industry (Gunn 2009). Uncertainty arises when the exact outcome of a project is not known, that is, there exist more than one possibility resulting in lack of complete conviction. In this parameter, there are probabilities in a given set of possibilities for occurrence of an event. The research paper discusses the changes in risk management processes at different phases of a project. Besides, the discourse expounds on how risk analysis for a construction project drive decision-making processes under uncertainty conditions at all the phases of a project. Risk management process begins with identification of risks in a construction project. For project managers, setting risk management techniques into stages makes it possible in ensuring that products at each phase meet their purposes. Since many actors are involved in the project phases, contractors have to ensure that a party that has the best corresponding qualifications addresses such risks. For any typical project, there are the initiation, planning, implementation and closur
Introduction In the academia, there has been a growing interest in the leadership literature and its relations with communication, especially after the realization by scholars and practitioners that effective leadership is still principally dependent on communication (Barrett, 2006). An assessment conducted by Aziz (2003) shows that proficiency in communication enhances leadership skills and competencies, as well as business credentials. Drawing on the leadership and communication competencies of Oprah Winfrey, an American media owner, talk show host, performer, producer and philanthropist, the present paper purposes to illuminate why effective communication is so fundamental for effective leadership. Justifications for Selecting Oprah Oprah Winfrey is an effective leader and good communicator, if her achievements in the media and contributions to the global society are to receive consideration. In terms of being an effective leader, it can be argued that the celebrity has demonstrated transformational, charismatic and servant leadership competencies not only in the process of touching and changing the lives of her viewers for the better (Klenke, 2002), but also in leading them by example (Aziz, 2003). Her empathetic and caring personality, excellent communication skills, capacity to get along well with people of diverse backgrounds, and outstanding mediation skills qualify her to be one of the most effective leaders globally ( What Oprah Knows , 2014). In the context of being a good communicator, it can be argued that Oprah’s communication is process-oriented and effective in meeting the set goals, not mentioning that the celebrity collaborates well with others by gesturing and listening conscientiously as her guests in the talk show communicate their unique needs (Klenke, 2002). Discussion In almost all of the organizations aspiring to remain competitive in today’s turbulent business environment, leaders and managers must spend a considerable portion of their daily engagements communicating with customers, employees, supervisors, suppliers, owners, and other relevant stakeholders. Consequently, the very basis of effective leadership is having the right kind of skills to successfully and effectively communicate with these stakeholders (Barrett, 2006). As an example, it can be argued that the sheer amount of time that Oprah Winfrey spends communicating with her viewers, employees and other stakeholders underlines how significant strong communication skills can be for her, especially in terms of advancing her leadership position. In this light, i