ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Demographics France consists of a population of 65,312,249 with 64.7% of the inhabitants lying between the ages of 15 and 64. It has a population growth rate of 0.5%. The main and official language in the country is French. It is spoken by one hundred percent of the population. However, some regional dialects do exist such as Breton and Provencal. Previously, France used to use the French Franc as its major currency. However, after entering the Euro zone, it adopted the Euro as its official currency. In 2011, the official exchange rate for the Euro against the dollar was 0.755; this was an increase from the previous year of 0.434 Euros. France is a republican government. It operates under its own constitution and that of the European Union. The country has a chief of state or President called Nicholas Sarkozy. It has a Prime Minster who is the head of government as well as a cabinet that the president appoints in consultation with the prime minister. Elections in France are done after five years; subsequently the president must appoint the Prime Minister. The country has a bicameral parliament and this has assisted in maintaining a balance between the executive as well as the legislative arm. The predominant industries in France include energy or power generation, retail as well as tourism. France is the third strongest country in the global tourism sector. In terms of the economic indicators, the Nominal growth rate of 2010/2011 was reported as 2.145 trillion. This was an increase of 34 trillion US dollars from the previous year. Furthermore the GDP per capita was 1.5% and this was an improvement from the previous year which grew by -2.5%. It should be noted that the country’s economy was adversely affected by the global economic crisis in 2009. It had an adverse decrease in almost all economic indicators. Unemployment rates were at 9.3%, which was an increase of 0.2% from the previous year. Additionally, the country’s budget deficit was at 0.18 trillion dollars. This emanated from revenues of 1.26 trillion US dollars and expenditures of 1.44 trillion US dollars. In terms of percentage comparisons to the GDP, the budget deficit was -7% of the GDP. The balance of payment accounts was 54.4 billion dollars as of 2011. The country is ranked 193 rd in the world owing to these figures. Inflation currently stands at 2.5%; this was an increase from the previous year which recorded an inflation rate of 1.7%. It should be noted that the current figures reflect the economic crisis and the government stimulus efforts that the French government is undertaking. It is experiencing one of its worst budget deficits and public debts in the decade. Therefore the government has embarked on a serious expenditure freeze to prevent further increases in debt levels. Behavior of the same economic indicators over the past 20 years The nominal GDP growth rates for France have largely been increasing over the past two decades. Some minor exceptions have arisen between 2008 and 2009, but most of them have been positive. In the early 1990s, the nominal GDP growth rates stood at 2.645 on the mid 1990s, they were at 2.248. The nominal GDP continued to rise
Introduction Within each country or sovereign body, the media plays a key role in the everyday lives of the citizens, because it is the only means by which events of national interests can be made known to the public. It is therefore of prime importance that the media system remains impartial and fair in the analysis and presentation of information. This is the only way, ensuring that people form their own decisions, based on facts rather than propaganda. Sadly though, this fairness is severely threatened by the very systems under which media corporations operate. This environment should be reviewed and modified to maintain the media’s integrity. The purpose of this research work is to analyze evidence, indicating that mass media are gradually losing their relative independence and the level of their integrity is slowly dropping. We may focus on such questions as privacy, monopoly of cable companies, and so forth. To some extent, all these issues signify that the modern community puts less and less trust in mass media. Privacy Media news channels are particularly hampered by several ethical issues. By their definition, the news channels are supposed to broadcast any information that is of public interest. But at the same time, they have to ensure that they don’t infringe on the privacy of citizens. There is a legislative clause against the invasion of privacy. This creates a conflict of interest for the news channels (Andrew and Ruth, 1992). Granted, everybody deserves his or her privacy. But some people or interest groups misuse this and hide critical information from the public. For media news channels, it’s a tight-rope walk between the privacy issue and the public’s right to information. In her book The Journalist and the Murder , Janet Malcolm explores this issue, according to her, in the vast majority of cases; non-fiction writers are more involved with the popularity of their books than the well-being of other people. She mentions such an author as McGinnis, who deliberately distorted the facts for boosting the rating of his book. The thing is that he did not even deny this fact. However, the most compelling evidence is the medias interest in the lives of celebrities. According to recent researches, conducted in the field, at least thirty percent of media reports, magazine articles, news bulletins focus on the lives of rather famous people s
Introduction Merit pay, as many would call it, is a practice in which the salary of the worker is determined based on the basis of how well individual worker is successful in his/her work. This method of compensating employees may seem attractive as it makes sense to reward those employees who demonstrate high productivity and subsequently high contribution to the sector or the organization in question. This method may also look interesting as it show fairness and retains employees in the company. Forms of merit pay a) Annual salary increment Forms of merit pay include instances where a worker’s annual salary is increased on the basis of the productivity. Anyone whose work is assessed and found to be good re receives an increment in his/her salary. b) The bonus system In the bonus system of performance appraisals, hardworking and productive workers are rewarded with a bonus payment for only that period of time. c) Direct compensation This approach takes a direct recompense for quantified method of production. This is highly practiced in factory set ups and is not applicable in the merit payment for teachers (Bacal 3). The Disadvantages of Performance Based Compensation It is argued that this mode of compensation will be anomalous to the character of effective schooling. It is feared that this method of payment will suppress reforms in the education sector mainly by causing enmity between teachers as they endeavor to earn more pay. Conflicts may arise in schools between teachers who are not compensated against those get high paychecks. Jealousy may arise from the administrators (who could be fellow teachers) against the teaching staff if they earn more. This is expected to give rise to competition and weak teachers may feel endangered. This conflict between the two parties becomes unfortunate if it differently influences student learning. Concern also arises due to the financial attachment of the evaluation as some of those who do not qualify for the award fear that the judgment was not really equitable. It can be seen that the spirit of competition instilled into the teachers by this program becomes unhealthy and ideas are no longer shared. Learning climate in the school change and teachers no longer share the hard work fearing that the credit may be beneficial to only one of them. In general, competition rather than cooperation arises. A common misunderstanding that arises is the comparison with commission stores that base their compensation on this mode and attain high productivity in sales. A clear observation reveals constant rivalry and lack of cooperation. The effect would cause our education system to crumble. Merit payment is inequitable; it could lead to the r
The human immunodeficiency virus is the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In the absence of retroviral therapy, the transition may occur in 10 years or less. Recently, the human immunodeficiency virus acquired the status of an epidemic as in 2016 more than 36 million people live with it (WHO, n.d.). About a million people die from HIV-related diseases annually (WHO, n.d.). The symptoms of HIV can be very diverse and may include fever, swelling of lymph nodes, skin rash, headache, etc. Yet for diagnosing the virus with an increased degree of certainty, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is administered. Western blot tests are used for confirmation. HIV prevalence and Complacency It is difficult to link complacency as a phenomenon with any disease or condition. HIV and AIDS are rather serious conditions that presently have no cure (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017). They complicate life by mortally endangering health and wellbeing. It appears hardly possible that a sane person would agree to sacrifice their good health condition for a lifetime of danger due to the fact that there is a possibility not to die from these diseases. Most cases of HIV happen due to carelessness, lack of education, or drug abuse, and a harmful environment. It is doubtful that people who practice unprotected sex or use drugs think of HIV in the first place. It is highly likely that complacency occurs when confronted with the fact of having such a condition and knowledge of the possible treatment options. Role of Health Care Professionals in Increasing Awareness of the Disease Nurses, physicians, and other professionals are the main actors in the process of increasing the population’s awareness of HIV/AIDS. Through patient education, they are able to explain the dangers that these diseases pose not only to the person having them but also to the people closest to him or her (Sarma & Oliveras, 2013). The limitation here is the weight of the pieces of advice that health care professionals give. Often, patients do not have high regard for their advice. However, people who care for their and their relatives’ health and wellbeing could be protected from the adverse influence of the virus. Strategies to Educate HIV-Positive Patients on Medication Adherence Among the education strategies for HIV-positive people, one can name stressing the negative consequences of the virus transmission. Informing the patients of the adverse conditions and symptoms their close ones may develop as a result of careless handling of HIV might result in better medication adherence (Bezabhe et al., 2014). It is also vital to stress that non-adherence leads to the return of the symptoms and the development of HIV-related diseases that could lead to death. Safe practices to Reduce the Risk of Infecting Others To enhance the degree of protection against infecting others, it is paramount to use latex condoms in order to prevent sexual transmission. Blood donations for HIV-positive people are possible under no circumstances (Arcangelo et al., 2014). Breastfeeding is also recommended if a mother is a carrier of the virus.
The social issues are closer enough for anyone who felt their harsh and cruel effect in life. The world of human beings is not a simple thing and needs a deeper realizing of the major factors which tend to make people resistant toward the features concerning equality and goodness in relationships with each other. People are likely to ignore such good intentions of their hearts and souls, than to follow the way of inner perfection within social instability in terms of race, gender, culture, and economic status. Alan Michael Morales in his work made of three stories From Here You Can Almost See the End of the Desert outlines such unfair features of a man’s character, and ‘a man’ is used here to depict his male nature, particularly. The extents of violence, cruelty, and gender inequality are raised in the book with a specific coloring of characters’ primordial and afterward evaluation of what happens with them due to social factors of living in a society with a glimpse on men domination. The book represents a sort of rage, hatred, sadness, and sorrow placed in characters’ hearts due to definite negative factors considering physical injuries and moral indifference toward so-called closest people performed in a family. The paper is dedicated to pointing out the formal emotional as well as practical estimation of the author’s book with special attention paid to the states of souls maintained in characters throughout the book. The protagonist of the book is Rebecca who is sick and tired of her constantly drunk and cruel husband being so indifferent towards the affairs about the house and upbringing of their mutual child. She deserves a better destiny, but, unfortunately, cannot dismiss her being in the house with her husband and her child whom she loves most of all. A desert that is used to underline the emptiness and uselessness of such living prescribes a thought of its constant dryness and cruelty in all times. By means of such description which can be thought over by a reader the author urges to work out the initial estimation of violent relationships in families of Mexicans. Also the role of male representatives is distinctive due to the reason of abusive attitude of men towards those who are weaker than they. The author is a man accordingly does not want to mention that men represent the negative effect for humanity at all. Alan M. Morales, on the other hand, points out the hopeless life of women being under men’s command and their cruel reaction in cases when something, due to unexplainable reasons, is wrong. A harmful and oppressive attitude of Rebecca’s main enemy being her husband contemplates the same reaction of hers. It is seen in the example of her infant child who should follow the process of maturing, however, because of bullying and oppression made by his father this boy becomes a shy and sensitive child with a broken psyche. It is so also because of Rebecca’s husband’s prevention from doing her considered affairs of nurturing their child. It happens to appear then, that with their own father this child seems to have no father, but an oppressor lacking feelings of love and devotion to his son. According to this point sh
Nature and Perception of Culture Culture is an intrinsic and inseparable element of one’s existence, yet defining it as a phenomenon may spawn certain difficulties. The notion of culture has undergone numerous reiterations in different areas of studies, yet most of these interpretations remain quite homogenous. Similarly, the perception of culture also varies, yet, unlike its definition, its variability hinges on a personal interpretation. Since the concept of culture is typically used to describe groups and, therefore, represents the collective set of ideas and philosophies, its individual perception varies significantly. Nevertheless, claiming that the connection between an individual and the notion of culture is tenuous would be wrong. Similarly, it would be erroneous to believe that the influence that cultural principles and knowledge have on an individual is one-sided. Instead, the impact that culture produces on community members is reciprocal, with people shaping it and introducing new ideas to it as they acquire new knowledge and experience. The process of cultural evolution and culture fusion has become especi
Abstract The general objective of this paper was to understand the relationship between the smart government transformation index for the whole government on the one side and the factors of planning, infrastructure and support, and training on the other. To understand these issues, the study deployed a theoretical framework by reviewing the past and present studies related to the subject matter. Data was collected using questionnaires and was analysed by statistical tools. Regression and correlation analyses evaluated the relationship among the variables. The results pointed out that planning, training, and infrastructure and support were all vital for the success of the transformation index. As of now been said, one of the real difficulties confronting m-Government execution in numerous nations is the absence of considerable laws managing utilization of portable advancements, especially the exchange of information and data. In the United Arab Emirates, the current legitimate structure rests on the Federal Electronic Business and Transaction Act of 2006. In its present frame, the ICT law is not sufficiently capable to clarify the new improvements in m-Government change, for example, portable instalments. For example, the present law directs that every single versatile exchange must be led using nearby monetary forms. This law requires review so it does not turn into an impediment. Thus, TRA is working intently with different partners in order to concoct a comprehensive computerized law that would make a good domain for the improvement of m-Government. The proposed law ought not only to be limited to information security and protection, but should also give a lawful base for portable based exchanges and business exercises. Introduction Overview This chapter covers the background to the study, problem statement, research objectives, hypotheses and the significance of the study. Background to the study The United Arab Emirates is one of the quickest developing economies in the Gulf Region. M-Government in UAE is an across the country program that was started by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum. As indicated by his Excellency, UAE as of now has one of the best ICT foundations in the globe with more than 14 million cell phone supporters, which means two cellular telephones for each individual. The nation has truly endeavoured to cross over any barrier in the middle of itself and their Western partner. At present, the UAE government is working on exceptional vision in order to give essential administrations to financial development through upgraded access to government information and data. The UAE government trusts these progressions will change administration conveyance in the general population division. The progressions include changing its e-administrations from e-government to Smart Government (m-Government). As been specified, the UAE as of now have a hearty ICT foundation because of the Telecommunication Regulatory Authority. The Telecommunication Regulatory Authority has made a useful domain for all state offices amid the move period through shared ICT foundatio
Introduction Learning is one of the complex and challenging human activities involving their growth and development. The introduction of modern skills and technology forces people to seek survival alternatives in order to fit into society. Traditional forms of livelihoods face stiff competition from modern trends and this necessitates the need for better ways of dealing with challenges. Consequently, learning has proved to be a better option of combating modern challenges by devising better ways of dealing with various situations in the society. However, learning faces various challenges that subject the process to inefficiencies. This discussion involves the importance of social support in learning. Main Discussion Social support refers to nonmaterial assurances given to an individual by other members of the society. This means that there are various ways through which Individuals can offer social support to each other in society. There are many forums through which individuals can access social support from the many members of the society they interact within countless occasions. Social support plays a vital role in enhancing learning in institutions as is evident in this discussion. First, all individuals need to have positive self-esteem derived through the achievements of goals in life (Carter 2008). Learners set high goals at the beginning of every learning session and aim to achieve them with ease. However, they seldom realize their goals as their school grades and scores become poor in every examination. Soon, they realize they will never achieve or fulfill their dreams and thus lose hope in life. Their dignity becomes low due to underperformance and they resort to other antisocial behavior like becoming introverts. However, through the intervention of other members of the society like parents, teachers, religious leaders, and other relatives, these people realize that excellent grades do not mean superb lives. Through guiding and counseling, they are able to identify other strong areas like sports, music drama, and field talents that can propel them to fame (Conner 2010). This ensures their learning morale keeps urging them to work hard. In addition, it assures victims of poor grades that failure in class does not mean failure in life. Secondly, social support gives learners an assurance that they are not alone in the process. This makes them feel that other people take a keen interest in what students do despite the perception that learning is an individual’s affair. This company gives students the social security and satisfaction they deserve. In addition, social support ensures students do not deviate from the norms of learning and social order. Occasionally, students take advantage of learning and misbehave at the expense of money and time spent (Carter 2008). However, social support guides students on the importance of learning for not only their li
Introduction Research Topic Job satisfaction is a subject of great interest to employees and people who conduct studies on workplace settings. According to Trower (2012), occupation contentment is a worker’s sentimental reaction towards a job. It is based on a comparison between actual and expected outcomes. During employment, workers often expect their occupations to grant them different levels of satisfaction, which offer preferential values. The features include incentives and promotion. When the desired expectations are not met, employees’ level of job satisfaction reduces. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on this topic. According to the existing literature, job satisfaction is influenced by numerous factors (Boylan 2013). Some of the factors include interpersonal relationships, repetition of duties, and supervision. Other elements that influence contentment include employees’ perceptions of the nature of the work and the quality of the physical environment (Auerbach et al. 2012). The proposed research will analyze the issue of job satisfaction among nurses in Hafr Albatin. The study will be limited to the factors affecting job satisfaction. Other elements, such as the recruitment criteria and the nurses’ personal lives outside the work setting will not be part of the research. In addition, the research will focus on nurses alone. Other workers in the health sector, such as doctors and administrators, will not be part of the proposed study. Importance of the Study Professional fulfillment enhances employee retention and performance. To promote satisfaction, managers are encouraged to focus on a wide range of aspects touching on their organizations. The facets include balanced workload, quality of technical equipment, and physical work environment. Other issues to be taken into consideration include opportunities for professional growth, leadership, team dynamics, and communication. According to