ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Nowadays, it became a commonplace practice among the movie-critics to refer to Orson Welles’s 1941 film Citizen Kane as the greatest American movie of all times (Lamb 1985, p. 267). This, however, does not mean that Citizen Kane has always been popular with the viewing audiences. In fact, after having been initially released to the American movie theaters, Welles’s masterpiece has even failed to recoup its production’s costs. I believe that this can be explained by the fact that there are strong auteuristic overtones to Welles’s movie, clearly visible in the manner of how Citizen Kane was edited and supplied with contextually appropriate musical themes. In this paper, I will aim to explore the validity of an above statement at length, while focusing on the specifics of film’s sound-editing. Analytical part Even the watching of movie’s opening part leaves very few doubt as to the fact that in Citizen Kane , Wells had utilized a number of clearly formalist methods of scenes’ editing. For example, for duration of three minutes, after movie’s beginning, the viewers continue being exposed to the shots of Kane’s residence, which prior to them having been introduced to Charles Kane, establish movie’s main character as a someone strongly associated with the values of capitalistic industriousness/greed. In its turn, this can be explained by the fact that Wells succeeded in choosing the contextually appropriate background-music to these shots, which ensures their semiotic continuity. By listening to the ‘dark’ opening theme, viewers become endowed with a proper perceptional mood, which in turn makes it easier for them to engage with consequential scenes’ semantic content. As it was noted by Gianetti (2010): “Beginning with the opening credits, music can serve as a kind of overture to suggest the mood or spirit of the film as a whole” (p. 222). Welles’s utilization of this particular musical theme also provided a spatial and cognitive continuity to the otherwise unrelated shots of ‘no trespassing’ sign and of illuminated windows in Kane’s residence. Moreover, this theme also serves as the foresight into movie’s ultimate conclusion, which is the reason why it can also be also heard at the very end of Citizen Kane. Another interesting aspect of how Welles went about incorporating musical themes in this particular movie is that, on many occasions, these themes’ pitch, tone and timbre are being suggestive of the direction of plot’s unraveling. The validity of this suggestion can be well illustrated in regards to the consequential scenes in which Kane talks to his first wife Em
Abstract This healthcare organization was established way back in 1945. Its headquarters is in Oakland. Currently, this organization has been expanded to a level of catering for over 9 million members. It is also being run as a non-profit healthcare initiative. The healthcare organization has been divided into three main domains of operations. Background The first domain of this organization is the Permanente Medical groups. Secondly, the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan Inc. is also part and parcel of the healthcare organization and finally, the Kaiser Foundation Hospital also forms the larger part of the Kaiser Permanente. It is also vital to mention that there are several other subsidiaries that work alongside this healthcare organization in order to provide various healthcare needs to its clients. Medical decisions are made by the physicians at this healthcare organization. In terms of functionality, the Kaiser Permanente members are usually given medical care by the Permanente Medical groups. The groups are also charged with the role of refining medical practices so that the various categories of medical care are offered in the most productive manner. One of the most profound reasons why the Kaiser Permanente was incepted was the poor economic years that accompanied the Second World War as well as the Great Depression. During these tense years, quite a large number of patients were not able to cater for medical charges. Due to the establishment of this facility, several Americans found it quite affordable to meet important costs of medical cover because several healthcare charges were subsidized. For example, there were myriads of innovative healthcare services that were introduced in the medical field immediately after this healthcare organization was incepted. Some of these services include:  1. Health plans for members that are already prepaid in order to lower the burden of medical costs especially during emergencies. The costs are made more affordable because they are spread over a reasonable period.  2. The large numbers of patients are catered for because there is a well established physician group practice. This group of physicians is well trained as per the diverse medical needs of patients who visit this healthcare facility.  3. Although there is a comprehensive plan for taking care of the patients, a lot of emphasis has been laid on preventive services in order to minimize the cost of medical charges especially when patients reach critical levels.  4. Finally, multiple medical services have been integrated under common pools so that delivery of the most urgent and vital care can be enhanced. This healthcare facility initially began from a humble beginning when it used to operate as an industrial healthcare plan. The targeted patients were employees who were working at the Kaiser Industrial factories. Most of them were steel mill workers, shipyard employees and construction workers who could hardly afford the costly medical services offered by other healthcare programs (Prue & Daniel, 2006). Marketing challenges T
Introduction Improvements in production and inventory control translate directly into customer value through better product quality, cost, and delivery. This impact dictates that the production and inventory system must be a focal point in a manufacturing firm’s strategy to compete through customer value. Chemical industry is one of those industries that demanded innovative inventory management techniques which help it solve daily problems and maintain quality control. The inability of many firms to achieve good production and inventory stems from fundamental deficiencies in certain organizational systems. The role of management must be that of identifying and improving those systems. The purpose of inventory is to insulate each step of the production process from the other steps and to protect the production process from the suppliers and the customers. Cycle Counting is an innovative technique that allows chemical plants to manage accuracy and procedure execution. Cycle Counting Following Stahl (2007): “the accuracy of inventory records is the “product” of the inventory keeping practices. The records are only as accurate as the record transactions themselves. As such, procedures must be in place not only to assure that expected results are achieved, but to provide feedback so that causes of error can be identified”. Although this protective barrier may make life easier in the short run, it is an obstacle to understanding and improving the systems involved. Inventory holding costs, as traditionally measured, are so incomplete in their representation of the real cost of inventory that they are misleading. For example, consider two consecutive steps in a manufacturing process in which defects in items produced in the first step cannot be detected until the items are used in the second step. In the absence of accuracy between the two steps, defects will interrupt production, thus making the problem very visible (Bragg 2004). The absence of inventory will also permit defects to be discovered as they occur. This facilitates tracking the causes of defects, so that process improvement becomes easier. Thus, any inventory between these two steps is a barrier to improvement, and a cost of inventory is incurred. Inventory makes it possible to live with machine breakdowns, unreliable vendors, inaccurate inventory records, unpredictable yields, long and unpredictable setup times, a
The current report aims to present a systematic analysis of the article Remote Care Costs for Congestive Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in the United States Comparing Remote Versus More Intensive Care Settings by Jeffrey Voigt and Michael Mosier. Various aspects of the article including the significance of the chosen problem, methods, and approaches, the reliability of results and the articles structure will be discussed and evaluated. The article aims to clarify the situation around reducing costs for congestive heart failure care settings. It tends to present a detailed analysis in favor to remote care, as a practice that saves more costs for the health care system. This is an actual and acute problem considering that heart failure affects about 5.7 million people in the United States (Roger et al., 2012, p. 125), and the
Introduction Like one who, on a lonely road, Doth walk in fear and dread, And, having once turned round, walks on, And turns no more his head; Because he knows a frightful fiend Doth close behind him tread? (Quoted in Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner). The primary stage in a research process, Lusk (2004) views, is the development of a cleared, precise and well-knitted proposal. The aim of the present literary research is to find out whether or not a literary work aims to describe the personality behind it and his biographical background as well as his command over portraying the social situation existing in his environment. In other words, it is the author of a creative piece whose personality, ideas, imagination, observation, perception, environment and social set up determine the level of creativity that reflects in his work. Hence, a writer’s deep observation, perception and depth of goodness in his own character can be measured by the words he delivers, the behavior he performs and the theme on which he attempts to write. In the same way, a great piece of literature aims to point out flaws of society and determines the future reforms being made on the basis of the theme presented in it. The same is the case with Harper Lee and her masterpiece under the title To Kill a Mockingbird, in which she has expressed her own deep vision based on the goodness existing in the materialist society facing unstable economic situation and changing demographic characteristics with the inclusion of different racial groups and communities. Main body “To Kill a Mockingbird” (1960) is one of the most celebrated and admired novels of twentieth century that won great applause not only in its native land from its local readers in the USA, but also from all corners of the world at large. The author, Harper Lee, has magnificently raised a stupendous voice against apartheid as well as prejudiced behavior on the basis of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, and gender discrimination. Lee has very skillfully conveyed the theme how an individual, especially belonging to some minority group of society, is looked down upon and mentally tortured on the basis of his ethnicity on the one hand, and his low financial position on the other. Thus, Lee accomplished a noble mission of indicating the prevailing social evil that could jeopardize the unity of the nation on the one hand, and might slow down the participation of the members of a significant American community in nation building activities on the other. “ To Kill a Mockingbird has been popular ever since its publication in 1960. Even before its release, four national mail-order book clubs had chosen it as their monthly selection. Within two years, it had won the Alabama Association Award, the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference on Christians and Jews, and, of course, the Pulitzer Prize for Literature.” (Melissa 2007: retrieved in Brooklyn Book Talk). There is symbolism while depicting the concept of mockingbird. It is one of the main characteristics of the mockingbird includes its innocence and imitation of the songs o
As a healthcare worker what could be done to ensure that all parents are receiving notification of the vaccines, especially in rural areas? Healthcare workers face many challenges in ensuring that parents receive notifications of vaccines, particularly in rural areas where methods of communication are poor. In Africa, requesting parents to take their children to healthcare centers for vaccinations requires mobilizing many stakeholders. For example, Ghana has successfully launched two vaccines that are intended to reduce the impacts of the high rates of mortality and morbidity associated with pneumonia and diarrhea (Logan, 2014). As a healthcare worker, one should identify places where parents can be found so that they can receive vaccination notifications. Some of these places are churches, homes, and urban centers. Thus, it would require the participation of community health volunteers, opinion leaders in society, religious leaders, and journalists, among others. In most cases, it would essential to utilize a van that is fitted with loudspeakers that would be instrumental in spreading vaccination news to many parents within a relatively short period (Logan, 2014). Many parents have been shown to have fear concerning vaccinations on young children. However, a healthcare worker should convince such parents to have their children vaccinated so that they can have healthier lives in the future. One of the best ways to reduce fear in parents is to provide examples of how vaccines have helped to reduce mortality rates among children across the world. For example, one can use statistics as well as narrations from parents whose children have improved their healthcare outcomes as a result of vaccinations (UNICEF, 2014). Besides, a healthcare professional can explain to parents, who have fear, that the government cannot initiate vaccination programs that can harm its people. Thus, parents can be assured of safety vis-à-vis vaccinations on young children. This can lead to a remarkable increase in the number of children that are immunized. Already, there are success stories in some nations, such as Ghana and Chad (Logan, 2014; UNICEF, 2014). In Africa, there exists a high level of suspicion about immunizations, what are the factors fueling the fear of immunizati
Biographical Section A Biographical Sketch of the Author Mark A. Noll is a prolific writer and essayist on church history and the history of Christian theology in North America in the early 19 th century. Currently, he is a professor of history at Regent College in Vancouver and a Protestant Evangelical. Before coming to Regent, he held the same position at the University of Notre Dame between 2006 and 2016. Noll obtained his Ph.D. from Vanderbilt University in 1975. He launched his career as a professor the Wheaton College, where he taught for 27 years. He is one of the co-founders of the Institute for the Study of American Evangelicals at the college. He has written extensively about the Great Awakening of the 1700s, the American Protestantism, early Christianity, and the Reformation theology, among others. He has authored and co-authored several books and review essays on church history that examine the intellectual foundations of Christianity among evangelicals. Summary of the Contents of the Book The text, Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity , is structured around twelve turning points presented in the 13 chapters of the book. The introductory part presents a cogent argument for the book’s organization of the turning points in church history and an admission of the possibility of failing to capture certain milestones. Chapter 1 centers on the fall of Jerusalem, which marked an outward spread of the gospel to nations beyond the Jewish context in 70 AD. As Noll writes, the destruction of Jerusalem was a major turning point in church history because “it forced the new Christian church to develop on its own apart from its roots in Judaism”. 1 After the fall of Jerusalem, factors such as Roman peace, pervasive Hellenistic culture, and the planting of Jewish synagogues fueled the spread of Christianity. 2 However, the church’s strong stand against heresies led to the emergence of church canons, creeds, and episcopacy to organize the church. In chapter 2, the doctrinal issue of faith is explored as a defining moment in church history. In particular, the early church misunderstood the concept of the Holy Trinity. Noll writes that Arius, an elder of a Presbyterian Church in Alexandria subordinated Jesus under God. 3 However, the bishops council meeting under the auspices of Emperor Constantine denounced Arius’s doctrine as heretical and later created the Nicene Creed that advocated for the orthodox view – Holy trinity – that exists up to today. In chapter 3, the turning point is the emergence of the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD) that undertook to translate the scriptures for the Hellenistic world. 4 The Chalcedon helped unite two opposing early church perspectives: the Alexandrian and Antiochene. 5 Thus, the doctrine of Christ’s full humanity and full spirituality can be ascribed to
Introduction The impact of Greek mythology on the modern society cannot go unnoticed. Many spheres of the modern society have borrowed heavily on Greek mythology. Areas like modern language, arts and traditions among others all exhibit the influence of Greek tradition in the modern society. A good example of this is where people with no or little understanding of Greek legends still know that Hercules was a strongman and that Venus is the god responsible for love. This goes ahead to show how the Greek mythologies have taken root in our modern society. In fact, majority of the traditions that people in the modern society carry out have their origin in Greece. One Greek mythology that has influenced the whole world is the celebration of the Olympic Games. According to historians, the Olympic Games are a traditional Greek sport that was established in 776 B.C. The Greeks used these athletic contests to award vegetal crowns to people who excelled in different areas. According to historians, the foundation of the Olympic Games is credited to Herakles. According to the myth, Zeus set up the games to celebrate his legendary success over his father Kronos. This event was celebrated once every four years and involved all Greece citizens. As time went by, the rest of the world adopted the use of Olympic Games as a unifying event. Today, the Olympic Games are regarded as the most popular sporting event in history. In fact, the modern day sport has minimal differences compared to the original games. This goes a long way in exhibiting just how Greek culture has influenced the world systems. (Barringer, 2010) In the modern society, very few people can speak Greek fluently. However, the English language has been greatly shaped by Greek mythologies. An example of this is a term like “Herculean task”, which refers to doing something that requires a big effort. According to historians, the term comes from the Greek legend that refers to the labors assigned to Hercules. Another common name in the English language that has its roots from the Greeks is the sleep inducing drug known as morphine. According to English experts, this name has its origins from Morpheus, the Greek god responsible for bringing sleep. The Greek god of love Zeus otherwise known as aphrodisiac has also been incorporated in the English language. Today, the modern language uses the term aphrodisiac to refer to any stuff or condition that stimulates sexual need. Besides their use in languages, Greek mythology also has a great impact on science. Today, most heavenly bodies have been given the names of Greek characters. On top of this, nearly all the planets and most of the stars in the solar system have been given Roman translations of Greek characters. Conclusion There is no doubt that the mod
Introduction The outbreak of COVID-19 shows that infectious diseases spread across the planet much faster than ever before. Since the 1970s, at least one new infectious disease has been reported annually. These conclusions were made by the World Health Organization (WHO), which published a report on the situation in the world (Vineis, 2017, p. 13). Globalization creates favorable conditions for the spread of many infectious diseases and changes in their structure. All the aspects of globalization, including economic, environmental, and technological, are closely interconnected and affect both the prevalence of infections and the possibility of their prevention and control. This paper focuses on examining the subjective and objective globalization aspects in the spread of COVID-19 as well as identifying its consequences and impact on the global economy. Objective and Subjective Globalization as the Underlying Reason for COVID-19 Spread In today’s trend of connectivity, the objective dimension of globalization plays a key role. Networked and communication-based forms promote global trade that almost has no borders. Steger (2017) rationally stresses that the intensification of economic connections across the countries and fosters economic relationships (p. 39). Accordingly, one may observe the emergence of a new economic order, agreements and conflicts, and the changing power of transnational corporations. Greater emphasis is given to the international financial institutions, while the internal
Introduction Crime is one of the challenges currently affecting the United States of America. The judicial system in the USA has been entrusted with the role of handling criminal cases. Criminal activities are handled differently depending on the nature of the crime. “The federal government defines a felony as a crime punishable by death or imprisonment over one year” (Samaha, 2004). A felon refers to an individual who has gone against the law by committing a felony. “The following offenses are always treated as a felony: aggravated assault, grand theft, robbery, murder, rape, and vandalism on federal property” (Sheppard & Farnsworth, 2010). This paper seeks to provide an analysis of the legal rights that are always afforded to an accused person. The analysis will focus on the case of John Doe. Stages of a Criminal Trial John Doe committed a shoplifting offense which is classified as a felony. “Criminal procedure refers to the methods used to investigate and prosecute a criminal” (John, 2009). The following procedures can be used in handling John’s case. Arrest Stage An arrest refers “to a situation whereby a person is brought under the custody of police officers” (Samaha, 2004). An arrest can be made if a person is found in the process of committing an offense or if the police officers have information that somebody has done something that warrants an arrest. These principles explain why John Doe was arrested. Booking At this stage, Information is collected from the suspect and is used for legal procedures. The information collected includes the details of the offense and the personal details of the suspect. After that, a date is set when the suspect will be arraigned in court. “For misdemeanors, which are less serious than felonies, the defendant may be released with the posting of a cash bond and a promise to appear before a magistrate” (Sheppard & Farnsworth, 2010). Since John committed a felony, it would be very difficult for him to get a bond because of the following reasons. First, he did not have money for the bail. Second, he was in the country without proper documents and his offense was also very serious. “The fact that he is not a US citizen further complicates the issue because he cannot access the legal rights enjoyed by the US citizens” (Samaha, 2004). Arraignment “An arraignment refers to the process in which the accused appears in court and enters a ‘not guilty’ or ‘guilty’ plea” (John, 2009). “If the accused pleas that he or she is not guilty, a trial date will be set” (John, 2009)