ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Summary of the Case The case of Southern NeuroScience Center (SNC) shows how institutions can benefit the most from Health Services Planning (HSP). The institution used a powerful strategy in order to achieve its goals. The first step was to collect the required data. This approach made it easier for the consultants to monitor the performance of the hospital. The consultants “analyzed SNC’s medical practices, financial statements, and personnel policies” (Thomas, 2003, p. 361). The consultants conducted several interviews to understand the issues affecting the hospital. The team also “analyzed the paper flow and patient flow” (Thomas, 2003, p. 361). The consultants observed that majority of the neurosurgeons were unhappy with their working conditions. The level of communication also affected the quality of medical services. The planning team also prioritized the objectives of the institution. The main objective was to increase the number of physicians in the facility. The team also identified different actions in order to support the facility’s objectives. The next stage was to implement the targeted plan. The team created a powerful implementation matrix. The team also identified the right individuals to execute the plan. The deadline for completing the project was also identified. The consultants also present the best resources for the project. The matrix determined “who was to do what, at what time, and how to do it” (Thomas, 2003, p. 365). The team also created a powerful vision for SNC. The team also invented a strategic future for the facility. A powerful mechanism was also created to track the progress of the implementation plan. Strengths and Weaknesses The agreeable fact is that the consultants focused on the best practices to have a powerful plan. The project relied “heavily on primary research” (Thomas, 2003, p. 363). The survey also analyzed the experiences of patients in different competing facilities. The plan is also comprised of powerful competitive analysis. The team evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of every competitor. The consultants also analyzed the appropriateness of every site. This strategy “made it easier for the firm to reconsider the site for two of its satellite operations” (Thomas, 2003, p. 363). A SWOT A
Hot water usage rate per day is very high and expensive. This is attributed to a lot of power that is consumed when heating 41 gallons of water I use daily. Based on the results obtained, the most of water is used on showed and dishwashing. What drives me to use water is the desire to be clean and protect myself from microbes and diseases caused by these organisms. Thus I can be classified as an above average water user. Much of the hot water is used when cleaning and washing, with the shower making up to 43% of the 41 gallons and washing clothes making up to 29%. It is important that I use less water on laundry and shower as it will be economically sustainable and will saves the environment and energy sources for future generations. Households in many developed countries constitute approximately one third of the total water and energy consumption. Most people in these countries have washing machines and bathrooms that consume much water and energy. Much of the water usage is associated with cleanliness practices such as washing clothes and showers that are culturally or socio-technically dynamic. This practices lead to high energy and water consumption in many households that in turn affects the overall global climate. For years, utility companies and authorities have intensified campaigns in an attempt to conserve energy and water. Instead, there has been a rising trend in laundering and showering over the past few decades (Gram-Hanssen 20). From the quantitative analysis carried out, teenagers have been found accountable for a significantly high consumption of household water and electricity compared to the adults. The standing rationale for their traditional routines is associated with the desire to avoid smelling and odor and transition from childhood to adults. In connection with cleaning activities, washing machines are run at least twice a day. This implies high energy consumption by the household laundry machines (Gram-Hanssen 19). Parents have been found to control their children’s bathing and shower habits through the way they think and act until when they reach a school age. At teenage age, they become very concerned about their body cleanliness and take shower frequently disregarding their parents’ opinion. Young people lead lifestyles that associate them with a particular group of teenagers who have a specific standard of cleanliness. The female teenagers shower regularly and change clothes often to maintain a certain level of cleanliness. There is a connection between economic, cultural and social status of families, thus there is difference in behavior between the higher and lower classes. For instance, poor families in the community learn to save the little water that they have by taking shorter showers that are not frequent. Parents have high influence on the cleaning habits developed by their children, but as children grow up to the adolescent stage, these habits tend to change as peop
Introduction The concept risk management and risk governance varies depending on the context under which it is looked at and the stakeholders involved. Scientists, politicians, entrepreneurs, and the general public all have different perceptions of the issue of risk management based on the risk factor in focus. Risks can be broadly classified as natural risks or manmade risks. Scientists will often focus on using technology to assess and address risks based on the empirical studies conducted (Gruyer 2002). They believe in predicting the risks before they occur, determining their patterns, and coming up with effective solutions that will effectively overcome these risks. The government will often seek to come up with mitigation measures that are driven by political interests. The main focus of the government is often the political consequences of the approach that they use to manage risks that take place in the society (Marchi & Ravetz 1999). The entrepreneurs or the business class are often concerned about the need to maintain the profitability of their firms when addressing the risks. Their golden rule is often to protect their firm’s profits as much as possible. The general public is often concerned about their safety and security. They want every measure taken to assure them of their security at all times when managing risks. These conflicting primary goals in risk management and governance often bring complications when handling major issues such as climate change. The world is facing a new threat of climate change that is not only affecting the developing nations but also the developed countries. The recent droughts in California, flash floods in Japan, and Cyclones in South America are all attributed to climate change (Ahrens & Rudolph 2006). These episodes claimed many lives and led to massive destruction of properties. They continue posing a serious threat to the society all over the world. Having proper ways of managing these risks is, therefore, very important. In this paper, the researcher seeks to find out what risk management of natural hazards teaches us about the issues associated with risk governance. Climate Change Climate change has become a major concern in the global society as it has become apparent that the weather patterns and various natural factors are changing in a manner that poses a threat to the existence of humanity. According to Renn (2008, p. 56), climate change refers to “a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period. Scientists and environmentalists raised alarm several years ago about the unsustainable trend that the weather pattern was taking. The scientists explained that the increasing temperatures all over the world caused by greenhouse gases (GHG) may lead to serious impacts on the global climate. However, their warnings were ignored by the business communities, the political class, and the general public. Beck (2006) says that many people could not understand what these scientists me
Introduction English literature is presented by numerous writers and poets, which present their pieces of work on different topics and of various styles. Needless to say that the works related to the psychology are extremely interesting. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong by James W. Loewen is the brightest example. This book is a kind of the author’s reflection about American history and the reasons why students and pupils do not like this subject. James Loewen, the professor of sociology tries to find out why American history is, for the most part of school and college students, the most detested and least unforgettable subject. After all, presented the collide of Native population with Europeans, relationships between Europeans, a rebellion and the organizing of a republic, a gory civil war and several world wars, the clashes in Korea and Vietnam, a lot of years of racial and prejudiced pressures, the history of America is intrinsically impressive. Moreover, according to the recent studies the minor part of the students who do well in math and other precise sciences and subjects constantly fail American history. Main text So, it is necessary to outline the most essential interesting issues covered in the chapters 10-13. Thus, the chapter 10 deals with the information about the differences in historical facts presented in many textbooks. The author tells that different textbooks may provide with the different facts which cover the same period of time: “Indeed their attention to the recent past reflects their authors’ intention of making history relevant to current events and issues” (Loewen 412). Loewen states that these differences give the students the opportunity to analyze the facts themselves and find out the reasons of such differences. “Then students are challenged to discuss events and processes in the past that cause these differences. Teachers can also encourage their students to critique their textbooks” (Loewen 359). Chapter 11 of the book deals with the discussion of progress. It is regarded as one of the most important products of humanity’s activity. He states that the main issue of all historical books is to demonstrate that history as a subject at college does not actually lead to the development and progress: “Probably, the principal effect of the textbook whitewash
Suspicious Directors v. Carole et al Issue Is Carole, Bob and other directors liable for breach of fiduciary duty to SI? Rule of Law The fiduciary duty is a responsibility that employees have to be loyal and act in good faith on behalf of the entities they are working for. It needs a level of loyalty as well as care that does not permit any violation without predisposing the violator to individual liability. A fiduciary duty is applicable even when the employees have not expressly agreed to be mandated by it (Beale 31). It needs full sincerity and disclosure of any significant information from the fiduciary to the individual or entity to which it is indebted. The remedies available for such a breach of fiduciary duty include lost profits as a possible result of the breach. In the case between suspicious shareholders versus Carole, Bob, and other directors, their investigation is to determine whether these staff members owed SI the fiduciary duty. The lawsuit is to determine if Carole and other joint trustees or directors breached their obligation to protect the interest of the entity, which resulted in a loss of profits. If they are found to have breached this duty, then each of them will be personally liable for the whole loss incurred. Analysis In the case, Carole, Bob, and other directors could not be held liable because it is not clear how they failed to exercise due care in protecting the company. Bob and all the co-accused did not breach their fiduciary duty to the extent that Carole did not disclose to the board the reason why he withdrew from the contract. If they were aware of Carole’s motivation to withdraw from the contract, they could have made informed decisions in that regard that would have profited the company. It is similar to the case of Hodgkinson v. Simms et al. (1994) in which Hodgkinson sought advice from the defendant that expressed that he knew a lot of investments (Beale 36). The advice made the plaintiff invest in many projects that made him lose after the real estate market dropped. The defendant was liable for breach of fiduciary duty as well as of the contract. On the other hand, as far as the corporation is concerned, Carole could by law be prevented from being involved in the business transactions relating to the place of work. Any director whose business involves a transaction with an entity makes written disclosure to the board of directors. He or she also deliberately does not join or is not permitted to vote in the board meetings relating to the transaction which involves him or her. Bob should have inquired to know the reason Carole was withdrawing from the
What is the ethical issue? The ethical issue discussed in this article is that of amputation. This is an ethical issue because it affects many individuals who have served in Afghanistan and other troubled regions. The important question is how to “treat and help every person whose legs or arms have been amputated” (Gibson, 2014, p. 24). The other question is whether these amputees should provide their services to the community or the military. The article presents some of the best ideas for dealing with the challenges associated with amputation (Gibson, 2014). The society should always encourage and support these amputees. The government should also support these heroes in order to achieve their goals in life. The society should take this ethical issue seriously in order to help more people realize their dreams and goals. What I felt after reading the article This article explains why every person should be ready to overcome his or her challenges in life. The article encourages me to assist every disabled person in the society. The amputees in the article have remained strong despite the challenges affecting them. This courage and dedication explain why they are ready to achieve their goals. They have changed their attitudes in order to accept their situations. These amputees have decided to stay strong. They have also continued to support their family members (Bayne & Levy, 2005). This article encourages me to work hard and assist every disabled person. The article has helped me understand why disability is not an impossibility. Every person can change his or her attitude in order to succeed in life. The article also explains why the government should always be ready to assist these amputees. I will use these stories in order to take my life positively. I will use
“Voices from the Battle of the Somme” The battle of the Somme was one of the deadliest battles in the history of humanity. People seeing all those horrible deaths, corpses, gun machines had the so-called “shell shock”. That was a deep psychological trauma that affected people differently. In many cases men were shocked, they cried. Others were fixated on a single idea, either to run and save oneself, or kill as many enemies as possible. The loss of friends made soldiers seek for revenge. A soldier reflects upon one of the battles where he saw his friend die. This made the soldier eager to kill enemies without even noticing his wounds (Kishlansky 246). Those who saw their friends’ deaths stopped thinking about anything in the world as they saw their targets and wanted to make their enemies pay for their friends’ deaths. It is necessary to note that the battle was rather an unbearable experience for young soldiers. Thus, a soldier writes that he was young and he was shocked, he was ashamed of his fear (Kishlansky 243). Of course, it was really hard to find oneself in the middle of the massacre for a young boy who had faces few or no negative experiences. Those events made young boys become mature men with hardened hearts. Such experiences made people change their attitude towards death. Thus, one of the stories shows the difference between the attitude of a veteran and a newcomer. Thus, newcomers were shocked, they could not bear seeing even one man’s death (Kishlansky 247). However, veterans counted in tens or even hundreds. It was not about cruelty, veterans got used to death which was all around the battle field. Ernst Junger “Storm Of Steel” When writing the story, Junger believed the war was an “incomparable schooling of the heart” (249). He thought that his war experience made him stronger. He claimed that the war was a great lesson he learnt as he learned more about human nature. He saw that men possessed a great will which led them to victory. When Junger asked one soldier about the situation, the latter told him of the horrible noise, shells, guns, messed trenches and corpses (Junger 250). The soldier also said that it was always difficult to understand what was what (where the enemy was, where English troops were). This description did not differ from what Junger and his men had to experience in trenches some time later. The war affected all in quite the same way. Men were shocked and disoriented. Many did not know what to do. Even Junger, who had to lead his men, was not always sure in what was right and what really should have been done. Junger depicts the picture of a town devastated by the war (250). He tells about partly destroyed houses, corpses everywhere. Many people died in that war (military people, civilians, children). He also mentions gardens where fruits rot as there are no people to collect the fruits. When reading the last lines of the story it is quite difficult to state that it is an antiwar novel as the author states that he is proud of soldiers who are committed to give their lives to achieve some goals. However, when rea
Code of Professional Conduct and Standards of Ethical Behavior The code of professional conduct for accountants and auditors is developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and other relevant stakeholders with the view to setting out the philosophy that inspires the rules governing the responsibilities of accountants and auditors toward their clients, professional colleagues and the public. The code governs the actions of certified public accountants and auditors in terms of addressing the high moral standards required of the professionals, guiding the accounting and auditing profession, making independent decisions, and acting as a principal foundation of reassurance of the profession’s responsibilities for the public it serves (Schmutte and Duncan 68-69). The code of professional conduct for accountants and auditors underscores the characteristics of the profession, essential principles governing conduct, ethical conflict resolution, fiduciary duty, personal character and ethical conduct, application of the rules, principles governing the responsibilities of organizations, and interpretation of the rules (Mintz 63). Available scholarship demonstrates that the standards of ethical behavior for accountants and auditors are contained in the code of professional conduct and are aimed at protecting the public, achieving orderly and courteous conduct within the profession, ensuring integrity and objectivity, and establishing ethical requirements for professional accountants and auditors (Rigos 64-65). The standards relate to the accountants’ or auditors’ integrity, objectivity, professional competence and due care, confidentiality, as well as professional behavior. Steps to take when there is a Difference of Opinion The first step to take when the internal accountant has a difference of opinion with the supervisor on an accounting or financial reporting procedure is to evaluate any identified threats occasioned by the difference of opinion in order to form a concrete conclusion about whether the position assumed by the supervisor fails to comply with professional standards, generates a material misrepresentation of fact, or violates applicable laws and/or regulations. If after careful evaluation the accountant makes a conclusion that the accounting or financial reporting procedure in not in compliance with professional standards but does not lead to material misrepresentation of facts or violation of applicable laws and/or regulations, he or she should discuss such a conclusion with the supervisor and rest the issue since the threats are viewed as insignificant (Keskek, Rees, and Thomas 770-771). If the threats are considered significant by virtue of material misrepresentation of facts or violation of applicable laws and/or regulations, the accountant may either discuss the issue wit
Introduction Competition in the global market has resulted in a rise in the number of corporate mergers as businesses seek to increase their profitability and stem competition. According to Epstein (2005), many companies merge with the hope to expand their market share. Others merge due to the need to diversify their channels of distribution. Technological growth and the desire to cut down on operations cost also force many companies to unite. Unfortunately, not many mergers accomplish the intended objectives. A majority of the proponents of merger view it as a simple undertaking. According to them, merger entails coalescing computer systems, fusing different departments and capitalising on the sheer size of the corporation to lower the prices of products. Epstein (2005, p. 39) holds, ‘The success of mergers depends on how realistic the deal makers are and how well they can integrate two companies while maintaining day-to-day operations’. Many mergers fail to realise their goals due to conflict of interests and personalities. Other factors that contribute to failures in mergers include inability to attain synergy, corporate culture and customer focus among others. This paper will discuss some factors that contribute to the failure of mergers. Causes of Failure Synergies Upon amalgamation, organisations try to attain synergies by incorporating particular hard-to-trade wherewithal. The organisations attempt to adjust and transform existing procedures and products to suit their goals. In the process, the companies introduce novel roles, capacities and skills that did not exist before the merger. An effective combination of competencies from the merging corporations leads to the success of the merger. Hitt et al. (2009) claim that synergy can be realised if the merging firms capitalise on their individual experiences. The biggest problem that most companies make is a failure to rely on their complementary capabilities. Besides challenges in building on complementary capacity, it is hard for organisations to implement changes especially if the merger involves two big companies (Hitt et al. 2009). The nature of the companies makes it difficult for the organisations to establish a working structure that favours all employees. The merger between eBay and Skype could not succeed due to lack of synergy amid the companies. The two corporations were incapable of incorporating their technological systems productively. Corporate Culture According to Badrtalei and Bates (2007), organisational culture can lead to the success or failure of a merger. Corporate culture dictates the performance of an organisation. Additionally, it influences employee commitment. Most merging companies fail to consider the impacts that their individual cultures might have on the resultant merger. Different companies have distinct modes of operation. Badrtalei and Bates (2007) allege that a merger between companies with diverse modes of operations may fail due to poor synchronization of processes. For instance, it might be hard for a company that values hierarchical leadership to merge with one that values an egalitarian approach. A