ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Harrison and Wood observe that “The history of art is that of a long series of attacks upon social and aesthetic values held to be moribund, although the avant-garde position is frequently nostalgic and absolute.” [1] This could not be truer in the case of the essays under consideration, essays in the style of manifestoes or blank verse. The essays by Claes Oldenburg and by Ad Rheinhardt; I am for an Art [2] , and Art for Art [3] express two responses to pre-existing art movements and ideas, responses which are themselves mutually opposing. These two artists of the Twentieth Century may never have been at odds personally, but their ideas of how to move art forward from the past could not seem more drastically different. It is no wonder that their impacts have been quite distinct from each other. What they agree on, and very strongly, is that the old ways of doing, making, thinking about, learning to do, and making a living from, art , need to change radically. They both dislike the way that that the sale and use of art was manipulated by others , rather than by the artist. They both discard Abstract Expressionism, which was in and of itself a rejection of the whole effort to achieve realism [4] , at least in the way that painters and sculptors of the previous 400 years had striven for. However, it appears that Oldenburg and Rheinhardt rejected Abstract Expressionism for different reasons. Certainly, the directions that they pursued, after having tossed the prior millennia of human artistic effort unceremoniously into the ditch, are radically divergent. Claes Oldenburg calls for art to be everywhere. He calls for everything and anything to be potentially art, and for art to be part of every facet of life, including blowing one’s nose [5] . He was clearly influenced in much of this by the Dadaist movement which began in Europe, perhaps in Zurich, in 1916 [6] . The Dadaists, part of a generation which had seen the senseless death and destruction of World War I touching the entire world that they knew, rejected just about everything that was accepted, whether in art, or in politics, or social justice. They adopted a previously meaningless word [7] to be the aegis for a new definition of art, as well as its creation and use, preferably to uplift and elevate those who were oppressed and disenfranchised [8] . Rheinhardt is far more elitist than Oldenburg; at least that is the way it seems from his essay [9] . (Messrs. Harrison and Wood describe the alternative to Pop Art as seeming like “authoritarian dogma” [10] , but do not associate these terms specifically with Rheinhardt – a tempting descript
Introduction Prisoners experience numerous problems and disorders such as illness, loneliness, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, and drug addiction among others (Crow, 2001). For this reason, they must be given special attention to avoid further complications. Hence, this research paper will recommend several treatment programs to help deal with the mentioned problems. Psychosocial therapy Crow (2001) argues that most inmates suffer from psychological and social problems like emotional imbalance, poor communication, aggressiveness, and anxiety among others. As such, the prison department should provide counseling and social skills to help the inmates learn how to solve their problems creatively. Personal and group therapy helps individuals to be able to cope with different situations together and co-exist in a good way. For Instance, it may help them learn how to deal with people of different personalities while expressing their opinion without violating the law and not hurting other people as well (Crow, 2001). Mental and behavioral balance is achieved when an inmate goes through psychological treatment. Prisoners suffering from mental disorders should be given proper medication and counseling sessions regularly even after prison especially when the patient has not recovered fully to ensure that there is no reoccurrence of the same problem. Additionally, there should be a follow-up program once the patient is out of prison. Religious training Most inmates lack a point of reference in their lives when they are behind bars. For this reason, the opinion is that regular religious teaching can offer a solution to emotional imbalances and moral decay (McGuire, 2002). Faith-based programs help individuals to change their behavior and attitudes towards life; humility, love, and hard work will enable them to change their way of thinking and make them fit to join the outside world once they are out of prison (McGuire, 2002). This can help them get jobs, support their families, and communicate in a good way. Their ability to understand the value of life and harmony with other people enhances their chances to change positively from their previous acts. This will also give them hope and make them understand that all is not lost, there is still an opportunity to make amendments in their lives and those of others in prison. Drug and substance treatment Drug abuse is an issue in our prisons today and therefore there is a great need to address this particular problem. All prisoners facing this problem should be put under a treatment program to reduce drug addiction (Clunies, 1995 ) . This also helps them to cope with other inmates easily, lowers the chances of mental breakdown as a result of drug addiction, reduces chances of bouncing back to criminal activities, and enhances behavior and conduct change within the prison environment (McGuire, 2002). Once they have reformed, prisoners can have positive relationships with other people while coping with the outside world. Education and work training This ty
As a matter of fact, genetic testing in the workplace is considered to be an advantageous phenomenon that should be implemented in the process of controlling and influencing the job market. However, it is worth stating that there is no common opinion regarding this issue, and that is, the decision cannot be taken until all the potential risks are eliminated. The genetic testing is believed to be beneficial not only for the employers but for the employees as well. Nevertheless, one should not forget about the ethical side of the problem as it should also be addressed. The main purpose of the paper is to evaluate and critically discuss the ethical concerns regarding the implementation of genetic testing in the workplace and to provide potential resolutions to the dilemmas. Ethical Dilemma of the Genetic Testing in the Workplace Due to technological advances and the rapid development of science, genetic analysis becomes commonly used. Nowadays, it is possible to analyze the makeup of the genes in the body of a human being. It is worth highlighting that understanding the genetic peculiarities of the diseases and interrelation with the environment the enterprises came up with a fresh idea, namely the application of the genetic testing to control and reduce the level of employees’ suffering form from the illnesses because of the working conditions. However, this question consequently led to the debates regarding the medical, social, and ethical sides of the problem. According to recent researches, genetic testing will beneficially impact the index of occupational diseases ( Genetics in the workplace:
This report provides comprehensive analysis of UK collective investments, focusing in particular on unit trusts, OEICS and investment trusts. Insight is also given into the prominent issues affecting these investments as well as the latest regulatory developments; all of which will prove essential towards understanding the current shape of the market and how this profile may change going forward. The IPD Directories are produced by the Fund Service Team within IPD. The main objective of this team is to enhance transparency of the property investment funds market. The property investment funds universe encompasses stock market listed funds, especially in Asia as well as unlisted funds. Studies of money manager performance are the bottom line test of market efficiency. They do not claim to uncover specific types of market failure as do the ‘anomalies’ literature of the 1980s and the behavioral finance literature of today. Rather, money manager studies ask whether there are market failures, regardless of type, that are systematically exploitable. In our opinion, the conclusion of the literature to date is a resounding ‘No’. Data This study examines all UK equity unit trusts (UTs) from the Micropal (now S&P Micropal) database that existed any time between 1978 and 1997 and were authorised for sale to the public. We include only those UTs that invest primarily in UK equities and are classified by the Association of Unit Trusts and Investment Funds (AUTIF) as Growth and Income, Growth, Equity Income or Smaller Companies. In order to qualify as ‘UK’ a
Introduction The public approach to problem-solving and prevention of disease or other adverse phenomena is comprehensive and powerful because it allows the simultaneous examination of an issue from multiple perspectives including health, physical, social, legal, and psychological areas. The population-based approach, as well as public policy development and implementation, can bring substantial changes to the social environment and improve the quality of life. Therefore, the evaluation of regulations and strategies and the factors that contribute to the positive outcomes in the administrative process is essential to the achievement of better policy effectiveness. Based on this, the given health policy research (HPR) aims to investigate current policies on the prevention of teenage suicide. Nowadays, intentional self-harm is one of the most common causes of death worldwide, and some studies reveal that suicide is especially common among people of 15-30 years old (Kutcher & Szumilas, 2008). It means that suicide is a significant public problem that can be solved only through a comprehensive approach. Key Elements of the Research Process Conceptualization Problem statement According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015), one-fifth of the U.S. teenagers think of suicide each year. Nearly 8 percent of adolescents (about 1 million people) attempt suicide, and approximately 1,700 die by suicide annually (CDC, 2015). The present-day suicide prevention programs, as well as national and state policies, primarily aim to provide mental health specialists, educators, and community leaders with appropriate resources to identify teenagers who are at risk and refer them to competent care (Pennsylvania Department of Education [PDE], 2015). But even though suicide intervention and postvention are essential to dealing with this issue, most researchers claim that youth suicide is preventable (Kutcher & Szumilas, 2008; CDC, 2016; White, 20
“The United States and Cuba: Business and Diplomacy, 1917-1960” is about different patterns of relations between Cuba and the United States. The book covers the period from 1898 to 1959; it depicts the events which took place in the United States and Cuba. Robert F. Smith starts this book with the discussion of connection between business and diplomacy accentuating the importance of the private business enterprise for the citizens of the United States. According to Smith, interrelation between business and politics is inevitable because most of the officials have social ties with business leaders and had been involved in business before their government service began. In this book, Smith traces Cuban-American relations and their influence on the American business, as well as the development of these relations from 1989 till the middle of the twentieth century. The relations are considered in terms of trade and different trade agreements concluded between Cuba and the United States. Tracing the relations between these two countries, Smith tries to find out and analyze the mistakes which the United States made during the Cuban revolution emphasizing the necessity of certain measures which should be taken to prevent the spread of Communist influence in the country. The main questions the author tries to give answers for in the book are: What were the main patterns of Cuban-American relations? What was the main advantage for America in liberating Cuba? What were the reasons for the sugar tariff battle? What did this battle lead to? The thesis of the book reflects its aim to criticize the policy of the United States to show that the country’s concentration on its interests in the past has in a certain way contributed to the crisis of freedom that takes place in the underdeveloped countries of the world. In general, the book consists of eleven chapters. Chapter One explores the pattern of American-Cuban relations between 1989 and 1919. It describes the revolution in Cuba in 1917 and its influence on American business. Smith describes in detail how American marine troops were sent to the territory of Cuba and how the latter agreed to assist the United States in the war with Germany. Further, the author moves to the discussion of negotiations of 1917 between the United States and Cuba during which Cuba was granted a fifteen million dollar loan under the condition that the country settles the claims of the Cuba Railroad and the Ports Company of Cuba. Under certain pressure, Cuba settled the claims almost within a year. The chapter also deals with the issues of the International Sugar Committee which was organized as a response to the increased prices for Cuban raw sugar on the New York Market. The second part of the chapter describes the liberation of Cuba and the main advantage the United States got from its liberation, namely, the commercial one because it got expanded markets and rich fields for investment. Chapter Two of the book discusses the economic setting in Cuba at the beginning of the 20 th century and the boom of the sugar industry after World War I. In the summer of
Talking of noise, there are various types of noises; sporadic, spontaneous, and low-frequency noises. People make different types of noises, loud noises and normal noises produced by televisions, stereo, and radio varying with time. Neighbors have different reactions to noises; some can tolerate noises and be patient until the noise is gone, while others cant tolerate the noise at any given time. ‘Lilburn’s neighbors got irritated by the noise’. When one has a neighbor, who makes unnecessary noises spontaneously, it is advisable to take a step and confront the individual and talk to them in a friendly way, asking them to stop it with the noise. This is considered as the best and easier way of solving this issue of noise from neighbors. However, the negativity about this is that misunderstandings are likely to occur between the victims. This might not possibly work, resulting in foul language, name-calling, and even fights. This might become noisier or even cause the noise to increase. ‘Lilburn became noisier and insulting.’ When it becomes impossible to manage noise pollution by this method, one is advised to take another step. Another method of controlling noise at a given place is by asking for help from the managers. “Lilburn’s neighbors invited their manager so that they could address their issue to him.” Members of the apartments can gather and write a note regarding their issues with noisy neighbors. Caring managers sit to discuss their plans of action with the relation unit. They can make arrangements on how to make regulations. This will help in giving warning to those who go against the rules that have been put. Regulations that have been set regarding noise pollution should be well known and observed. Legal actions are taken when friendly ideas do not work out, leading to police involvement (Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo, pp83). This can be achieved by reporting the matter to the nearest administrative office. “The police officers disabled electrical equipment in Lilburns house.” This would help in creating a peaceful, silent, and calm environment for people living in the same apartments. Works Cited Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo, Mathieu. “Regulations of Noise Pollution Emitted By Revival Churches and the Well-Being of Neighboring Populations in Cameroon”. Environmental Economics , vol 11, no. 1, 2020, pp. 82-95. LLC CPC Business Perspectives .
The clear and thorough examination of any building or its element is one of the guarantees that the problem will be considered faster and better. It is significant to remember that the thorough examination of the building structure and understanding of the conditions may help in the correct identification of not only the problem but also its reasons. It may be also resulted in reducing its harmful effect or evenly absolute removal in the future. After the problem examination, it is crucial to consider other ways for repair to exclude the appearance of the same problem in the future. The roof spread is the main problem that exists in the barn that was carefully inspected. Several reasons could have resulted in roof spread. Firsts, there are roofs built without tie beams. Their absence may create several problems as one of the main functions those tie beams perform is “triangulating the principal rafters and resisting the loading of the roof” (Hunt and Suhr 72). In this case, the force on the structure is redistributed and imbalanced and causes the roof to spread. This problem is widespread for the larger roofs and is not the reason for the case. Furthermore, the ranking is the other problem that usually causes the roof spread and it is the problem of the case. The trussed rafters may be imbalanced for some reason on one side. The effect of domino is created, “any sideways force on one truss could push each truss out of its vertical plane” (Hunt and Suhr 72). Usually, there is a chance “to strengthen a racking roof in situ” (Hunt and Suhr 72), the retrospective branches may be inserted, but not in the case. It is crucial to remember that the inadequate fixing of joists was one of the reasons for the problem. Furthermore, the problem with the absence of at least two horizontal ties was crucial. The roof may be repaired with the notice of the existing situation to avoid the same problems in the future. First, the builder can remove the slates carefully with the purpose to reuse them in the future. The slates are not broken the problem is in the wrong beams structuring. Thus, it may be concluded that for the building of a new roof, we should refuse roof trusses as they are unnecessary. The roof span is not so large, so the triangle-beamed roof structure is of no necessity. One of the variants for the new design of the roof is the flat roof. Before explaining the main characteristics of flat roofs, it is significant to consider their advantages. One of the main advantages is that you will never have a problem with the roof spread. Furthermore, if the construction of the roof is properly made, “in three layers laid in hot bitumen with the surface covered in bitumen-bedded chippings for protection from the sun” (Glover 73), there will never be the problems with the roof fail. The other advantage of the flat roof for the barn is that the ventilation may be easily created out of chipboard. This material may seem rather unreliable, still, it is not so. The ventilation design is not the supporting girder in the roof structure, so it is possible to use the
Introduction There are a myriad of reasons why people would choose to commit suicide. However, as time passes by, the manner of executing suicide has changed (Cuchin & Churchill, 1999). Traditionally, people who commit suicide usually end their lives by hanging themselves, shooting themselves, or drinking pills or chemicals. A recent way of executing suicide is through suicide by cop or police-assisted suicide. In this method of suicide, a person does not end his life directly; rather, he induces and compels a police officer to use deadly force in killing him. This essay seeks to explore suicide-by-cop, its definition, the issues related to this phenomenon, as well as some examples and its effects on both victims and the police force. Suicide by cop affects society as a whole and the suicidal person not only causes grief to his family, but the psychological makeup of the police involved may also be affected. This essay also explores some tips and suggestions on how to deal with the issue of suicide-by-cop. Dearth of Research One of the reasons why suicide-by-cop is not very understood in the American society and why the police is not very much aware of how to deal with this is the lack of research in this phenomenon. The first concerted study to understand this phenomenon was conducted by Richard Parent, who is a constable from Canada. Based on his examination, about 10% of the shootings were suicides by cops (Lubbock Online, 1998). Dr. Range Hutson of the Harvard Medical School also conducted a similar study in California and he was surprised to find out that the number of suicides by cop in California is even higher than that of Canada. One in six of the shooting incidences were suicides by cop. These cases were not merely based on conjecture or haphazard conclusions. Rather, those who committed suicides by cop either left a suicide note or have tried to commit suicide before (Lubbock Online, 1998). Suicide-by-Cop Definition According to
Abstract Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by short stature, congenital heart disorders, and typical facial features. The mutation of the PTPN11 gene (protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11) that encodes for SH2 has been shown to interfere with growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor subtype I (IGF-I) causing short stature in patients with Noonan syndrome (NS). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been shown to boost the growth as well as the height of such patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rhGH in promoting growth in an NS-GH deficient patient. The patient was put under rhGH subcutaneous injection for one year with concomitant measurement of height, weight, and BMI. The results were compared to those of a growth hormone deficient (GHD) patient who was under the same therapy. Introduction Noonan syndrome is a common autosomal dominant hereditary disorder also referred to as the Turner-like syndrome, male Turner’s syndrome, or Turner syndrome with normal karyotype. In 1963, Dr. Jacqueline Noonan termed these anomalies as a specific syndrome, which was named after her. The disease is characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, and typical facial features that include hypertelorism, relative macrocephaly, down-slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, low-set ears, and ptosis (Massart et al. 238). Individuals suffering from the disease may also have bleeding problems, bone malformation, and retarded growth, which leads to short stature (Raynal 1). The symptoms of the disease escalate with increasing age, and the diagnosis can be made clinically. The most commonly used diagnostic measure for the disease is genetic testing. It has been confirmed that Noonan syndrome occurs because of the transformation of genes especially those determining the proteins involved in the RAS-MAPK signaling route (Aoki et al. 174). Genetic testing of NS individuals has shown that the main gene affected by the mutation in the PTPN11 gene that encodes for tyrosine phosphatase ( SHP2 ). Several gene mutations are associated with NS. They include SOS1, KRAS, NRAS, RAF1, BRAF, CBL, RIT1 , and many others that are involved in RAS -signaling mediation (Aoki et al. 21). However, in certain cases, a patient may be devoid of any gene mutation yet present with the condition. Short physiques are a characteristic manifestation of Noonan syndrome in kids. This feature is due to defective proteins of the RAS-MARK pathway. Studies have revealed a genotype-phenotype relationship. The small build is common in patients with alterations in the PTPN11 gene, which could be because of SHP2 association with the receptors found on growth hormones. The administration of rhGH is the known therapy for Noonan syndrome and has been shown to improve the height of NS individuals. Even though the therapy has shown an improvement in the height of these patients, there are certain discrepancies in response to trea