ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Problem The development of system requirements in a complex situation is a difficult endeavor. In complex situations, there are many challenges that affect requirements engineering. For instance, applicability challenges are experienced in the Traditional Requirements Elicitation Processes (TREPS). Katina, Keating and Jaradat (2014) developed the article to examine the requirements in detail and to provide a framework that can be applied to assist in the evaluation of the system problems and the shortcomings of TREPS in highly complex situations. Literature Review There are various works that have been put forward that provide the general overview of strengths and weaknesses of requirement elicitation. The authors recognize the complexity that relate to system requirements in highly complex situations. For example, Alexander and Robertson (2004) stated that “the challenges of system requirements can be dealt with by incorporation of the system environment” (p. 24). Methodology In order to provide a succinct view, Katina et al. (2014) explored various dimensions of system requirements. This included nature of system observer, the attributes of system requirements in complex situations, nature of complex system requirement environment and the use of the TREPS in Vee model sample. The vee model sample entailed the integration of the technical aspects of the project cycle. Findings The systematic analysis of the various components resulted in requirement elicitation in complex situations. There are three phases that are important in requirements elicitation (Katina et al., 2014). Figure 1 is a summary of the three phases. Figure 1: Steps in evaluation of system and its attributes Conclusion Complex situations should be based on the understanding that requirements can change and that they will change when new knowledge emerges from the system context. 2nd Reading: Requirements Engineering The Problem Across the globe, organisations want to improve their ability to carry out requirements engineering. The main goal of the organisations is the endeavor to find out if they have been successful in their efforts. As a result, the companies carry out assessments that targe
“Generational differences in work values and attitudes among frontline and service contact employees” by Dogan Gursoy, Christina Geng-Qing Chi, Ersem Karadag Gursoy, Chi, and Karadag wrote the article to show the differences in work values among three-generational employees. The theme of the article revolves around identifying the different work values and acknowledging the impact the different values have in the workplace. To start their argument, Gursoy, Chi and Karadag state that, “Work values are the end-values such as satisfaction, quality or reward individuals seek from their work.” To support the argument, the authors introduce the three-generational employees and analyse what they value, as well as why they value the things they consider more important. The baby boomers are said to value routine and strict discipline. They follow the guidelines and rules set by their superiors, mainly because they were raised in the post-war era. Their highest-ranked values are hard work and sacrifice. On the other hand, Generation X, who are mainly the children of the baby boomers, value independence and are very easy to adapt to new situations. The authors also present values held by the Millennials. The Millennials value empowerment, freedom, and experience. Resultantly, they are excellent at solving problems and crisis management. The authors also conducted research to test their thesis. The research methodology involved the collection of data from a North American hotel with over 50 branches. The conclusion reached was that there were differences in work values among the three-generational employees. The content of the article relates to the other two articles because it focuses on generational differences in the workplace. The source is very reliable because it quotes o
Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper are two prominent philosophers and writers who made a significant contribution to the discussion of the relationships between the concepts of knowledge, science, and philosophy. Compared to a conflicting point about the importance of induction and falsification supported by Popper, Kuhn defines science as a set of revolutionary paradigms around which people’s opinions can be built. This paper aims at evaluating Kuhn’s and Popper’s positions about the scientific method and its role in the identification of the philosophy and practice of science. The philosophies developed by Kuhn and Popper have many distinct characteristics. Kuhn (1970) underlines that scientific development cannot be ignored because all added items constitute techniques and knowledge gathered by scientists who elaborated numerous facts, theories, and methods. Popper (1959), in his turn, chooses the position according to which theories and natural science can never be empirically verified. I like the idea that Popper has a plan in terms of which he wants to explain the worth of the theoretical truth through the falsification of other theories. There is a necessity to find out a “criterion which would enable us to distinguish between the empirical sciences on the one hand, and mathematics and logic as well as metaphysical systems on the other,” also known as the problem of demarcation (Popper, 1959, p. 501). Popper rejects mistakes and underlines rationalism in thinking. Kuhn’s approach differs from the Popper’s one as it denies the existence of one particular system for demarcation. Scientific investigation is the main source to gather information and introduce it as a part of normal science. I find the discussion about competence and respect to the past a
In his book Business Ethics: A Case Study Approach, Stephen Henn stated that the most important qualities of a successful business leader include the ability to realize the potential of the employees to its fullest and create the environment for their engagement into the self, social and societal spheres. However, combining the ethical responsibilities with business targets and reaching a good balance between business ethics and effective performance is one of the greatest challenges faced by most business leaders. Why it is important to use business power responsibly is one of the greatest moral dilemmas of the modern business world. This paper will discuss the biography of Steve Paul Jobs, well-known as a co-founder and CEO of Apple Inc. for investigating Jobs’ case and the balance between his quest for perfection and total control in their relation to business ethics as effective means for achieving the end results of prosperity of Apple. Steve Paul Jobs and Steve Wozniak co-founded Apple Computer in 1976. Regardless of the fact that he was one of the co-founders, in 1986 at the age of 30, Steve was fired by the board of directors of Apple. The main reasons leading to Job’s divorce from the company which he has co-founded were his willingness to dictate decisions and manipulate others which were noticed by other executives of Apple (Finkle and Mallin 34). The conflict of egos and the dispute concerning the power structure of the company forced Jobs out of Apple. Being a co-founder, he preserved a substantial amount of the stock of Apple but remained only an advisor, while Apple went through three different CEOs with its stock price falling to $2 per share. At the same time, Jobs founded a new computer company ironically called the NeXT which produced computers for educational institutions and was aimed at competing with Apple. It should be noted that five key employees from Apple joined Jobs in this new
Reasons for selection of the topic This study reveals the role played by women in promoting their small businesses through service delivery, which makes it an ideal choice. In this case, one can understand the current skills incorporated by women, and the available marketing structures. Through this analysis, recommendations can be made to address challenges facing them, which improve their competitiveness against their rivals. In addition, urban women in UAE experience discrimination from their male counterparts during the course of their activities. This implies that the study will highlight multiple societal issues, which prevent women from engaging in productive businesses in relation to strategies and market orientation. Need for the project The study is needed to enhance the nature of strategies and market orientation adopted by urban women in UAE. This implies that the study will assess the multiple strategies and market orientation that women utilize in their ventures. In this case, challenges will surface leading, which gives an insight of their businesses performances. In addition, the analysis will guide in establishing opportunities that enhance the efforts of women in businesses. Through this investigation, the study will highlight issues that affect urban women’s businesses, which have not been done by other researchers. Consequently, the study will draw attention to measures that should be utilized to balance the forces of the market to guarantee success in small businesses. Importance of the project The project is extremely essential to establish the strengths and weaknesses portrayed by urban women while conducting their businesses. In this regard, the strategies and marketing skills used by women will depict the level of performances in their business. Through this study, one can also establish the challenges and opportunities that stimulate or downgrade women’s’ businesses. For that reason, appropriate measures can be recommended to guide urban women realize their full potentials. In addition, opportunities and resources will be allocated to more women to counter the existence of discrimination. As a result, this will create a free and fair market for all the stakeholders. Choice of the population The population to be assessed in the study is critical for the success of the study. For this reason, simple random sampling will be adopted to assess a population of one hundred women in the capital city of UAE, Dubai. The sampl
The following is a discussion on Plato’s Symposium that has different elements of love. The essay examines different views based on Plato’s theories of the soul where he describes the three aspects of the soul, which includes appetitive, rational and spirited. The aim of this essay is to develop a philosophical discussion on love, which does not receive attention but inspires and controls human action more than any other emotional force. The Symposium Discussion on Love. The discussion in Plato’s Symposium begins with Phaedrus who describes romantic love as the oldest form of love. He is of the view that love was the oldest god and had no parents (Plato 172). He describes this type of love as inspiring and evidenced in war when soldiers fight and die in battle to show that they are brave and courageous. When driven by this love, human being is capable of doing anything possible to attain it (Plato 178). When viewed from Plato’s perspective on soul this kind of love is for appetitive soul that is driven by instinct rather than critical thinking and reason. The second person to present his view on love in the Symposium is Pausanias who describes two types of love. The first type of love is heavenly and the second one earthly (Plato 182). The heavenly love is the best form of love and involves honoring one’s partner intelligence and wisdom. Its main aim is not to gratify itself but appreciate others. The earthly form of love is also described as the common type of love, which involves desire for sex (Plato 182). The third person to make presentation is Eryximachus who is a physician and love according to him is in everything including plants, animals and forces of nature such as rainfall and sunshine (Plato 186). He describes love as a powerful force and is either healthy or unhealthy. Unhealthy love seeks to gratify its carnal desires without considering the consequences and the feelings of the other person (Plato 186). However, the healthy love is virtuous and too powerful that it can cure all illnesses (Plato 187). The most interesting of the presenters is Aristophanes who gives a mythical description of origin of Eros love. He narrates how people had doubled bodies with four hands, four legs, and rounded faces. These types of beings were all female, all male and androgynous, which had both the male and female characteristics (Plato 190). These beings were very powerful such that they attempted to dislodge the gods. The god Zeus rather than destroying them with thunderbolts opted to cut them into two such that they would retain their original form in order to offer their worship and sacrifices to the gods. They were weaker and could not dislodge the gods. When the human beings were cut into two, there was agony and pain as they sought the replacement of the other half. He describes coitus as an act of finding the other half and the idea of finding the other half when looking for a life partner seems t
Technological advances are rapidly changing people’s lives, and their impact is explicitly seen in the workplace. The emergence of essential concepts in the field, such as big data, allows companies to analyze their employees’ behavior and predict its future patterns for better planning in the long run (“Skillsoft and IBM”). Therefore, Skillsoft and IBM are using these developments for the benefit of individuals and organizations to promote their growth. The companies mentioned above have created a mechanism of processing information, which they receive from people when they access different websites. They use these big data to facilitate the search for the required content by tracing their consumption patterns and making recommendations (“Skillsoft and IBM”). This approach is quite flexible since it allows not only providing workers with knowledge contributing to their promotion but also monitoring shifts in preferences to readjust suggestions for increased efficiency. In this way, using big data to analyze employees’ learning patterns can be advantageous for companies. The latter benefits from the enhan
Introduction Marriage is one of the fundamental cultural aspects that are practiced by all societies in the world. Conventionally, marriages have been described as the process of union of female and male gender. The union must be acceptable socially and legally and supported by the societal obligations and expectations. However, changes in the practice have occurred making the definition irrelevant. Currently, marriage does not occur in the opposite sexes only but of the same sexes. In addition, such marriages are not universally accepted. In essence, marriage can be defined as the union of partners who mutually agree to cohabit and fulfill the functions of the married couples [1] . The institution of the family is derived from the marriage arrangements. Therefore, the marriage and the institution of the family cannot be separated. In most instances, the family and marriage are understood to mean the same thing. The close link between the marriage and family explain why while discussing the marriage system, the family as a basic unit of society is greatly considered. Most of the conventional societies had a tradition that emphasizes on having children only in marriage. Individuals having children outside marriage were greatly condemned. Currently, the types of families are defined within the confines of the marriage [2] . The belief is that the married couples can only bring up children. Moreover, the fundamental functions of the married couple are the procreation and socialization of the children. All these factors provide an explanation why marriage and the family arrangements cannot be divorced. Marriage The establishment of marriage is common among the entire human race across the world. The institution of marriage is a procedure that is characterized by two individuals openly declaring love for each other thereby entering into a serious, official and permanent relationship and establishes a bond that can last until death or can be brought to an end by divorce [3] . In addition, the institution must be legitimized and recognized by the general society. In the selection of the marriage partners, individuals are required to adhere to the rules of endogamy as well as the rules of exogamy. The former restricts the male partner from the confines within which he is able to select the woman to be married. On the same note, the latter requires that the matrimonial couples should adhere to the cultural norms that dictate that an individual married a partner from the exterior of the cultural precincts [4] . The institution of marriage deviates from other forms of unions in a number of ways. For instance, considering civil unions and domestic partnerships in the United States, gay couples are allowed to say publicly that they are mutual recipients among themselves. As such, the gays are provided with hospital home visitation as well as access to their partners’ medical data thereby providing them with the equivalent of spouses’ privileges. Nevertheless, whereas the federal government does not acknowledge civil unions, the marriage act of 1996 defines marriage as the union between one man and one woman [5] . In essence, the federal laws are appli
The suggested strategy for Blue Nile is market development; it requires advertising campaigns and promoting jewelry brand products to new sales markets. Such promotion provides an excellent opportunity for the organization to influence the consumer. Working with the target audience, the company should form a positive attitude towards the brand. The principal purpose of modern advertising is to induce a person to make a purchase; the main objective is to increase profits. However, not all methods are appropriate in terms of business ethics and effective for brand reputation and performance. Therefore, it is important to consider ethical issues in advance before implementing the strategy into action. For a company and marketing team, the ethical aspect is vital regarding the observance of decency concerning those with whom the company cooperates; these include buyers, distribution channels, and suppliers. Even if the action is permitted by law, it can be condemned by the public and cause a negative attitude towards the company’s product (Schauster & Neill, 2017). One of the suggested strategies for the Blue Nile is market development with an emphasis on brand promotion. The most common issue that arises from the violation of consumers’ right to information is inappropriate advertising of items (Schauster & Neill, 2017). According to Belanche (2018), its intrusive character overpasses ethical limits regarding customers and social responsibility. The lack of clear criteria for recognizing information about goods integrated into advertising does not allow consumers to protect their rights. Thus, Blue Nile should take into account this potential issue related to active marketing campaigns. It is recognized unethical to put excessive pressure on buyers by the company to make a decision about a product.
Les Miserables is the musical based on an 1862 novel of the same name by Victor Hugo. The songs of the main characters touch upon the issues of searches for the sense of existence, their moral choices and primary life values. The songs of the characters represent their feelings and thoughts, initiating listeners into their inner worlds and delivering authors’ messages. Fantine’s song “I Dreamed a Dream” expresses the woman’s pain about her destiny by contrasting a happy dream and her reality. Fantine is one of the central characters of the musical. She is left alone with her illegitimate daughter Cosette and does everything possible for earning living of her child. Fantine’s life can be divided into two parts- before the birth of her daughter and after it. Contrasting the two realities, the woman emphasizes the differences between them. The author has chosen the form of a dream for representing Fantine’s youth years because the woman can hardly believe that her life could be different and her happiness in the past seems to her to be so unrealistic as if it were only a night dream. “I dreamed a dream in time gone by/ When hope was high/ And life worth living/ I dreamed that love would never die/ I dreamed that God would be forgiving” ( Les Miserables ). Bearing in mind the past time of the whole sentence, a listener can conclude that at present the woman does not consider her life as worth living. The whole song is based on contrasts which help the author to express the indirect complaints of the character. Fantine uses similes and other language means for expressing her feelings. She compares the lover who betrayed her to tigers: “But the tigers come at night/ With their voices soft as thunder” ( Les Miserables ). Admitting that her dream was killed with her reality at the end of the song, the woman shows the depths of her despair. Jean Valjean’s song “Who Am I?” reflects not only the inner conflict of one of the main protagonists as to the moral choice in a concrete situation but also the inner struggle between good and bad in general. The rhetoric questions which are repeated several times in the novel represent the inner dialogue of the main protagonist and his doubts as to the choice between justice and his personal good. Committing a crime long time ago, Valjean manages to escape the punishment but an innocent man can be convicted instead of him. “If I speak, I am condemned./ If I stay silent, I am damned!” ( Les Miserables ). This definition of the moral dilemma and the two possible ways out proves that the conscience has a significant impact on the moral choices of the main protagonist. The numerous questions which are left without answers are a peculiar feature of the song. The central question of the song “Who am I?” represents the searches for the self-concept of the character. The rhetorical questions intensify the effect produced by the song and the answers are not clear before the climax of the episode, inducing listeners hesitate about the final decision of Valjean. “Who am I?/ 24601!” ( Les Miserables ). Indicating his number as a prisoner, he implies that the condemned are deprived of basic human rights a