ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The content and methods of curriculum delivery has been a contentious issue within the education sector for decades. According to Bosner and Grundy (86), “curriculum development may be generically conceived as an amalgamation of various processes employed in the pursuit of certain set goals in a school system that covers the entire spectrum of curriculum construction.” The curriculum development problem becomes poignant when its design and implementation fails to satisfy the social demands of different parties. The most important issue in the case of Setsco Lake School is the competing interests on set curriculum from the education ministry and the curriculum demands of native communities. This is an issue concerning the content and delivery methods of social studies. The native community proposes that social curriculum content should focus on the native culture, be delivered in native language and take cognizance of the cultural aspects of the Caucasian population. Ranked in the order of their importance, the most important issue is the culture, followed closely by political and socio-economic issues. The rumbling by the Caucasian parents revolve around the issue that curriculum contents places too much emphasis on the white settles and white cultures with very little emphasis on the native culture. The nature of the problem at Setsco Lake School revolves around the inability to appreciate change factors in education and methods of content delivery. Research indicates that there is a continuous evolution in the process of teaching, from past practices to future concerns, and this evolutional process will continue to change and mutate. These change factors push educators of social sciences to seek ways of gaining insight on how to change their patterns of instruction in both content and delivery. Increasing levels of cultural diversity, as well as the ever-changing styles in students’ learning and competition within future job markets has brought to the forefront the need to develop fully responsive curriculum content. These are issues that the Setsco Lake School have failed to appreciate. Setsco Lake School teachers (Jeff and Kelli) have a legitimate right to influence what is taught at the school because they do not only understand the curriculum demands, but are also in the best position to understand the demands of the students and education policy. This is because of the role of education in the life of an individual. Whereas education should not be a tool in erasing the cultures of communities, its role surpasses ensuring the maintenance of culture. Education has always been viewed and revered as the cornerstone on the basis of which civilization, economic advancement and society well being can be anchored upon. Through education, an individual acquires the requisite knowledge that shapes his believes and thinking and which prepares him for the challenges in future. The problems of Setsco Lake School may bec
Introduction The State of Texas budget makes use of various funds to organize its spending and income. These funds include the capital projects fund, debt service fund, and special revenue fund, further divided into smaller funds like the historical commission project funds or the texas mobility fund. This paper will examine one of these sub-funds for each of the three funds listed and their use in state government projects. Capital Projects Fund: Historical Commission Project Funds The Texas Historical Commission Project Funds are the constituents of the Texas Capital Project Funds. They are used for the repair and renovation of courthouses and other historical sites. For example, as part of Round X of the Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Project, $4,682,610 was awarded to Marion County Courthouse to “fully restore the exterior and interior public spaces of the building to its original appearance and configuration” (Round X, 2019). Recent non-courthouse beneficiaries include the Varner-Hogg Plantation and the San Felipe de Austin Historical Site. Debt Service Fund: Texas Mobility Fund One of the Debt Service Funds in Texas is the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Texas Mobility Fund. It is used for “the construction, reconstruction, acquisition, and expansion of state highway projects” (Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, 2019, p. 217). It is also used to help fund publicly owned toll roads and other public transportation projects, such as the streetcar restoration project in El Paso. Special Revenue Fund: Available School Fund The Available School Fund is used to supplement the state’s Permanent School Fund by supporting public free schools in various ways, such as providing payments to school districts based on average daily attendance over the prior year. As of the fiscal year of 2017-2018, this rate was $206.566 (Texas Education Agency, 2019). The fund also supplies textbook purchases for those school districts. It is also one of the sources of funding for the Foundation School Program.
Introduction to the Theory Learning, like many other social processes, is a social activity which takes place through the social interaction of the people and construction of the best and effective knowledge is possible only by such contextualized learning. The academicians of high reputation have long confirmed the role of social interactive learning and this has been the basis of contextualist philosophic tradition of learning. On this basis, one of the most penetrating theories of learning has been that of the social constructivism and constructivism can best be understood as “the general view that  1. learning is an active process of constructing rather than acquiring knowledge, and  2. instruction is a process of supporting that construction rather than communicating knowledge.” (Duffy & Cunningham, 1996, p.171). As opposed to the behaviorist view of learning which gives more importance to the imitation aspects of the learner in the learning process, this constructivist theory gives greater room for the active interaction of the learner who stands at the center of the learning process. Therefore, the learner is provided with a greater responsibility for the interaction with the various learning process and construction of the best knowledge according to their ability for social interaction. It is in this background that the distance and cooperative learning can best be comprehended and theorized on this background. Accordingly, I strongly belief that a valuable distance learning system would be that which follows the elements of the social constructivist theory. In other words, an effectual distance or cooperative system of learning would be one which puts the social constructivist theory into practice. Literature Review Known in several terminologies such as Internet learning, e-learning, distributed learning, virtual learning, networked learning, tele-learning, computer-assisted learning, Web-based learning, or online learning, distance learning has been one of the revolutions in the modern educational strategies. “Distance education uses mediated information and instruction, encompassing all available technologies and a variety of other forms of instruction at a distance, to deliver knowledge and skills to the learner. Online education is an extension of the traditional form of distance education.” (Elloumi, p.61). There have been persistent discussions on the effectiveness of the specialized delivery technology in the improvement of learning
Introduction The renaissance period was a time when the fashion of both men and women in Europe underwent a radical change with the discarding of some parts of the medieval style of clothing and the invention of completely new pieces of cloth. Much like today, fashion in the renaissance period was used to define the social status of the wearer; and some fashion accessories were used to identify the position of the person in the hierarchy in the society. People in this period (as do people today) spent vast amount of money buying elaborate clothes that would accurately reflect their social status at the time. The craftsmanship of the clothing became more elaborate; additionally, there was a preference for more expensive fabrics such as silk and cotton that were mainly imported from Asia. The ruling class in many European countries generally determined the trends of fashion during this period; this is mainly due to the fact that only they could afford some of the new fads invented as the days went by. However, this class also attempted to control how much the lower classes could express themselves in form of fashion; this was through the enactment of laws requiring that ‘commoners’ wear clothing of one color only. This did not go down well with this class resulting in the invention of another renaissance fashion of slashing. This involved wearing two layers of clothes of different colors then making a thin slash on the outer garment so that the color of the inner garment can be seen ever so slightly. This eventually evolved to a situation where the inner garment was pulled all the way out through the slit. Some of the more prominent fashion accessories during this period are discussed below. Ruffs This refers to a band worn around the neck by both men and women during this period. This accessory was usually made of lace or linen; while the original ruffs were modest in dimension, with the invention of starch the size became bigger in terms of both width and height; and the resultant garment was pleated and radiating. The ruff was worn in Europe between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries; from their original sizes, ruffs became bigger aided by the strengthening ability of starch that made sure that they remained rigid around the neck; with the increase of size, some even required support by wires so as to retain their desirable shape. The popularly of the ruffs began to wane at the close of the sixteenth century;
Introduction Transformational changes taking place in the educational environment with the use of technology are a positive trend that helps develop teaching and engage students in the learning process. My personal philosophy is to comply with the existing quality standards that professional tutors should strive for, along with an opportunity to involve innovative achievements that allow improving the mode of bilateral interaction. Essence As Gann (2014) argues, the ISTE Standard 1 for coaches encourages innovations that can positively impact learning. Today, students study in the era of digital technology and advanced computer programs, and a possibility to utilize these developments in teaching practice may help increase interest in a particular discipline. Therefore, the benefits of introducing technology are objective both from the perspective of educational potential and from the standpoint of establishing productive interaction with students. Since teaching involves not only assistance in studying teaching materials but also stimulating interest in knowledge and self-development, the philosophy implying the combination of traditional and modern approaches can expand students’ potential significantly. In case the target audience has all available resources, this can help them in the further stage of education and career due to advanced skills and the ability to combine attainments obtained. According to Gann (2014), one of the tasks of those involved in the formation of the educational process is to maintain sustainable innovative changes. Therefore, in order to ensure high-quality work, it is crucial to engage not only students but also other interested parties, in particular, parents, administrators, and colleagues. For this purpose, an advanced system of control over professional obligations may be developed, which, in turn, will help disseminate the necessary information. Modern technologies can help create an algorithm of the interaction of all stakeholders within the framework of a single educational mechanism to increase the outcomes of valuable interventions. Reference Gann, K. (2014). ISTE Standards for coaches 1: Visionary leadership . ISTE . Web.
The paper is a case study of a company which is engaging in dance lessons and classes over the internet and in person and they want to promote the business mostly through the internet and through other ways. The case study will analyze the background of the company so as to understand what it does, who it serves, the methods it uses in promoting its services, the problems that the company is facing in trying to promote its services and the recommendations on how to face the problems. The paper will basically study the case, find out the problem and give recommendations on how to deal with the problem The case is about Dancescape Company which is offering dancing services from personal classes, group sessions and dance videos. It is owned by a Robert and Beverly Tang who are former dancing champions who are using what they know how to do to earn them money. The company is mostly serving the boomers who are a group of people of ages above forty. Within the target market, they want to concentrate more on the women. The company has already made a dance video on how to learn how to dance which has cost them a lot of money but it is already selling in the market. The company also has a group dance session at the Ukrainian church. The company however needs a lot of money to the tune of $1.4 million to promote it and get more sales of the dance videos and other products via three websites. This is to ensure that so that their dance lessons can be easily downloaded and they can easily interact with current and potential consumers of their services. The company also has contacts with seeks Lina KO who works with the national public relations, a company that carries out research on boomers and also Robert herjavec who owns a computer company who advice the company on how best to promote its business. The problem that Dancescape Company is facing is that they are having difficulty in getting the business started in the three websites so that they can be successful. The company wants to build three websites which cost a lot of money and they therefore need an investor to help them in funding the project. They had a problem in making a good impression to Tim Draper who is their potential investor. They were not ready with the sales pitch and therefore Robert kept confusing Tim’s name for Steve. This gave an impression that they were not ready. The company is also focused on a lot of use of technology for example the Facebook approach which is not familiar with the boomers The company has already released a dance video which is already being sold and they are also holding dance lessons to the boomers in the Ukrainian church hall. The situation currently is that their target market is responding positively towards their business because they are already buying the dance video and they are also attending dance classes at the Ukrainian church hall. They have also made their presentation to Tim and this shows how serious they are with the business The company can get the business going by convincing Tim of the benefits that he will get from the websites. T
A rule of thumb about clubs and committees suggests that the secretary is the most important officer because they record the actions of the organization. In the same way, the scribes of modern society, the newspapers shape how events and are remembered. Newspapers document what people are thinking, their priorities, and their assumptions, or at least, what a journalist thought about these. Comparing news accounts from more than one period, with the advantage of historical distance and historical perspective permits the reader to spot differences. For this discussion, the two periods to be examined are January 8 of 1992 the same date in 1942, In the case of these two weeks in the early 1990s and the early 1940s, the most dramatic difference that colored the news was the war boiling in Europe, and the USA had been drawn in dramatically by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor just weeks before. However, there was a myriad of other differences as well. January 1942 was before the civil rights movement, as well as before the women’s movement. These and other changes are reflected in a variety of places in the newspaper. Demonstrating the profound changes that have occurred in race relations, consider the article titled “Whites in Hawaii Arm for Defense in Fear of Japanese Residents.” This report highlighted anti-Japanese suspicion and bigotry soon after Pearl Harbor when many of the 150,000 residents of Hawaii of Japanese descent staffed the ROTC and the Territorial Guard. Hawaiians of European ancestry feared their Japanese neighbors could “rip off” their armbands, and open fire. The authorities quoted in the article acknowledged the difficulties of placing every citizen of Japanese ancestry into a concentration camp. However, this option was reported as being under serious consideration. 1 This gives the modern reader a disturbing hint of what was to transpire later in the relations between Japanese Americans and their white neighbors. Later on in the war, persons of Japanese ancestry were, indeed, interned on a mass scale. This was an eventual outcome that would seem both surprising and shocking today if modern readers had not observed the reflexive, often violent, and the equally irrational anti-Muslim response of many citizens to the attack on 9/11. Finally, in an almost throwaway sentence, the correspondent listed the various ethnic and racial identities that inhabit the island. He mentioned Filipinos, Chinese, and Koreans by numbers of the population, lumping Portuguese, Spaniards, and Puerto Ricans together in a way that today would be considered at best ignorant and at worst insensitive. Then he mentioned the 1000 “Negroes” living on the island, a word choice that represented an improvement over the alternative at the time, but which jars the ear of the modern reader. 2 The same week in 1992 reveals a far different relationship with th
Break Even Analysis When examining the case of McDonald’s “senior” Restaurant there are several aspects to take into consideration, the first is the fact that the sheer amount of regular customers that come to this location can be considered advantageous for the company from a revenue standpoint. First off, it is important to note that while it is true that the amount seniors that occupy the restaurant is considerable, the fact remains that as a fast-food restaurant, most people are not there to stay for prolonged periods with the seniors being an exception to this “rule”. As such, the steady stream of customers that come into the fast-food chain can utilize the limited seating available, finish their meal quickly and leave. Also, while it is true that most of the seniors do is merely buy a cup of coffee and stay there for a long period, the fact remains that this not apply to all instances wherein there is the very real possibility that some of the seniors would continue to buy food items as they get hungry since they are staying there for 2 to 4 hours. Thus, from a break-even analysis perspective of the number of seniors versus the limitation in seating for new customers, there is no problem whatsoever with the seniors being a very potent means of earning that branch more money. As for the bingo idea, an underutilized party room for the seniors to play bingo would be a great idea since it is more or less not even used a majority of time yet the company still pays for it due to the rental payments it is subject to for the location it is using. By charging seniors $5 to join the bingo tournament and utilizing prizes in the form of McDonald’s coupons, this encourages people to continue to patronize the products of the restaurant. Not only that, the prizes awarded can be set at a lower level than the amount taken in for the bingo tournament which would result in more money generated than lost. Financial Ratio Analysis Sales Overall, when looking at the sales of the branch, it can be stated that it is doing quite well for itself due to the sheer amount of regular seniors that patronize it. The coffee sales alone would be considerable which, when combined with other items that the seniors buy from time to time, make the current clients a very effective source of daily revenue. Growth When it comes to the growth of the location, it is important to note that there is nothing necessarily wrong with being known as the “senior” McDonald’s. The reason behind this is connected to the fact that this branch of the fast-food chain would be able to target a consumer demographic that in the past it had a hard time being able to successfully capture (Berfield 49). By encouraging more old people to visit the branch, this would result in higher sales revenue in the long run due to the steady stream of regular customers as compared to the irregular nature of the clientele that would visit an average McDonald’s branch wherein it is unknown how many people within a given day would come. Forecasting In terms of forecasting, the current setup is good for the restaurant since it enables a
There are various economic benefits a country would gain by joining the European Union. First, it would benefit from advantages of single market being offered by EU. Currently, EU is the largest single market in the world with harmonization of regulations and standards that ensure free circulation of goods and services. This enhances the availability of market for a country’s goods and services and also creates room for competitive imports that would further improve efficiency in the home industries. Secondly, when a country joins EU, it would benefit from the use of common Euro currency. EU has a large number of members thereby increasing on the value of the currency. Consequently, traveling within and outside EU would be easy since Euro is an internationally recognized currency. In addition, a country within EU jurisdiction would be able to avoid fluctuation in exchange rate since it would be using the same currency as other EU members. This would create stability in importation and exportation of goods and services thereby eliminating the risk of a fluctuating currency that would have increased the cost of production. A case in point is the current credit crunch that has affected most economies whose currency fluctuated leading to instability in the economy. However, countries within the Union kept on enjoying the benefit of strong currency. Third, greater transparency in prices enhances healthy competition within the members’ States thus increasing efficiency that would further reduce on the prices of goods and services. In addition, borrowers and savers would benefit since they would have wider financial market to choose from within the EU. Rational investors would therefore invest in a financially liquid market to rip greater benefits (Center for Economic Policy Research). Despite all the advantages of joining EU, some countries may choose not join for various reasons. First, a country that believes it is a sovereign Sta