ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Advertisement is a form of non personal communication of which the main purpose is to create sales. It also promotes sales of ideas, services and goods to corporate or the general public. There are several forms of advertisement which include print media, television, radio and the internet. The role of advertisement is communication with the consumers, persuasion of the consumers and it also contributes to the economic growth of the country (Barthes 2003, p. 16). There are several factors to look for when placing an advertisement which include, age, gender and class of the targeted group of audience. The cost of the advertisement also affects the kind of advertisement one place (Barthes 2003, p. 16). Advertisements have a lot of impact to the general public and as such the corporate world is moving to advertise their products especially new products brought into the markets in any of the forms mentioned above if not all (Barthes 2003, p. 16). Thesis statement With reference to the given question, this paper will discuss the main theories of how advertising works. In addition to that, this paper will analyze a current advertising campaign and apply a theory will be most appropriate. Discussion Nike is a United States company that deal with footwear, clothing, sportswear and sports equipment. The company launched an advertisement campaign that was dubbed, “just do it”. According to the directors of the company, the “just do it campaign” was launched in 1988 after a meeting was held between the directors of the company and a group of employee who were selected from a couple of its branches all across the United States of America (Saussure 2011, p. 27). In a statement by one of the employees who attended the meeting, the main theme of the slogan was born when one of the attendees of the meeting shouted “YOU NIKE GUYS, YOU JUST DO IT”, and as such the slogan got a name. After the launch of the campaign, it did not do very well in the marketing industry compared to its rivals Reebok. It was until 1997 when the campaign became a major milestone in the marketing industry which translated to the sales of products worth over 9.2billion dollars by then end of the year (Saussure 2011, p. 28). AIDA Communication model This is a communication model that involves the attraction of consumers. This is where consumers and customers of your products are attracted to the type of advertisement that is placed by the companies. By attracting the consumer, the advertisement will be able to pass the intended message to the consumers and customers (Freeman 2000, p. 10). The other aim of this communication model is the interest of the consumers. The specific companies must be able to incorporate the interests of the consumers which are to be reflected in the advertisement. By this, the companies will be able to attract the attention of the consumers to the advertisements thereby passing the intended message. In addition to that, this communication model must be able to reflect the desires of the consumer
Introduction Immigration is the particular international movement of people to a country where they do not have citizenship or in which they are not indigenous with the purpose of settling as naturalized citizens or permanent residents. Urbanization is a special term that describes the decreasing proportion of people who live in rural areas, the population shift from rural to urban areas, and the possible ways of societies’ adaption to these changes. It is hard to disagree that immigration and urbanization have significant impacts on the rise of the global economy. Main body Immigration is a severe process, the effects of which are not completely studied. According to Saiidi, “nearly 50 million people in the U.S. are foreign-born, which accounts for about 15 percent of the total population.” Hence, in all parts of the world, there is a significant number of immigrants, which provides all countries with a net economic benefit. For example, the International Monetary Fund found out that the share of migrants one percentage point increase GDP per person in advanced economies by up to two percent. It is hard to disagree that this influences the global economy. It is evident that people have lived in the countryside, small towns, and villages for almost all of human history. However, over the last two centuries, the proportion of the world’s population living in rural areas has grown rather rapidly (“The Role of Cities in the Global Economy”). In 1800 it was five percent, and in 2008, more than half of people had become the livers of cities. Of course, there are some significant impacts of urbanization on the global economy. This process delivers prosperity and wealth, but there are some costs, and a certain financial framework has to be established in order to cover them. For example, it may be done through taxation, and if it affects one country’s economy, it also influences the global one. Moreover, seventy percent of greenhouse gas emissions because of climate change come from cities. Conclusion Hence, “their share of global emissions is likely to increase further as urbanization grows” (“The Role of Cities in the Global Economy”). That also influences the global economy since cities will have to accelerate the use of renewable energy. Works Cited “The Role of Cities in the Global Economy.” Pictet , n.d. 2020. Web. Saiidi, Uptin. “ Here’s What Research Shows About Immigration’s Impact on an Economy .” CNBC , 2020. Web.
Abstract There have been a lot of changes in the economic status of each and every country in the world over the last century. This is attributed to a number of factors. One of the major causes of this is the industrialization and civilization of countries. In the last century, many countries have shifted from agriculture and other primary sources of income to industrialization. New Zealand is one of these countries. This paper will discuss the current economic status of New Zealand and its prospect of a more stable economy in the coming one or two years. In order to achieve this, the paper will mainly focus on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Since factors affecting the GDP also have a significance effect on the macroeconomic stability of a country, they will also be discussed in detail. Some of this factors are the level of consumption of the country’s population, the level of savings and investment and the government’s fiscal and monetary policies. Primarily, this paper seeks to clarify the point that New Zealand’s economy is slightly resilient and will probably become even more stable in one or two years’ time. The Economic History Of New Zealand In order to determine the growth rate and progress of the economy of New Zealand, it is necessary to look at its past economy. Until the second half of the twentieth century, New Zealand was a traditionally agricultural country. Agricultural goods formed the bulk of the country’s exports. This was long after the deposits of gold in New Zealand had been exhaustively mined. Some of these goods were dairy products such milk and cheese, wool, fruits, vegetables, meat and forest products. The entire agricultural system was efficient hence a lot of revenue was collected from the sector. The rich agricultural harvest were influenced by fertile soil and abundant rainfall received throughout the year. New Zealand’s economy wasn’t resilient by then due to the fact that the country imported almost twice as much as it exported. The income earned from exports was barely sufficient to pay for the importation of other significant goods that lacked in the country. Until 1973 when it joined the European Economic Community, the United Kingdom was the main trading partner of New Zealand. After this year, New Zealand suffered a tremendous slump due to reduced export of its products to the United Kingdom. Such circumstances have prompted New Zealand to diversify its sources of revenue. If this was to be achieved, the country would no longer have to depend on agriculture as the main source of revenue. It also won’t be affected much if the market for agricultural goods or their price tumbles down. This decision has seen New Zealand regain its earlier trading partners and even attract other foreign markets. Currently, its main trading partners include the United States of America, Japan, the United Kingdom, China, Australia and the Republic of Korea. With such powerful and relatively financial stable trading partners, New Zealand’s economy will probably get better in the following years. Current Economic Activities In New Zealand The transit
Introduction Laser is a name that is derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser machines usually give out light in that is in form of electromagnetic radiation via a process called optical amplification that uses simulated emitted photons. The emitted lasers contain an elevated level of spatial and temporal coherence that are very hard to get when using majority of the present forms of technology. Laser beams can be directed towards very minute objects, because of their ability to gain high irradiance powers. A laser is made up of a gain medium, which is put inside a high reflective optical cavity and a source of energy for the gain medium that must have the ability to amplify light by stimulated emission. The gain medium takes up pumped energy that is used to increase the quantum energy of electrons. An increase in the amount of particles in a specific excited state will lead to population inversion; hence, light amplification, when such numbers are above the quantity of particles
Abstract Qatar is one of the most influential nations in the Arab region. A substantial number of people argue that the rise of the country into the most influential nation in the region is supported by the use of soft power attributes embedded in the functioning of Aljazeera. Thus, this paper aims to explore the advancements in media in the country, especially Al Jazeera and the role played by it in enhancing the position of Qatar in international affairs. Thus, an extensive review of the literature and real case studies are presented in an attempt to align the operations of Al Jazeera and the influence of Qatar in international affairs in the Arab region and the world at large. The results of the study denote strong correlations between Al Jazeera as one of the most renowned media networks in the world today and the emergence of Qatar as a strong power in Middle East politics. History of Al Jazeera According to Balogh (2013), Al Jazeera is one of the renowned satellite television news networks in the Middle East. The channel is also received in other parts of the globe. The channel is based in Doha, the capital of Qatar. The channel is divided into Al Jazeera English and Al Jazeera Arab. Al Jazeera Arab was the first one to be launched, having been established in 1996. This network first aired its content on November 1, 1996. On the other hand, Al Jazeera English was launched in the year 2006, almost ten years after the launch of the Arab channel. Here, it is critical to mark the period, which depicts the events that could have resulted in the establishment of Al Jazeera English. The term Al Jazeera from which the name of the channel was acquired is an Arabic term, which means “the peninsula”. Therefore, the term represents the significance of the region in which the channel was established. Al Jazeera is highly funded by the Royal Family of Qatar (Bahry, 2001). Balogh (2013) observed that the network has four main centers from which it broadcasts. These centers are Doha in Qatar, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, London and Washington D. C besides the four main broadcasting centers; the network also has bureaus across the world. Having been established later that other renowned satellite television and radio networks in the world, Al Jazeera has managed to access the industry and now has an outstanding number of viewers across the world. The potential of the channel to gain access to the entire world was boosted by the launching of the English Channel that has boosted its presence in the non-Arab world (B
There are two types of faith, these are: having trust in someone and acknowledging something to be true. Faith is the ability to trust someone or something without having sufficient reasons as to why you trust that someone or something. Further faith is acknowledging that something is true without having reasons as to why that thing is true. Lack of reasons does not infer the inability of thinking. Faith does not grow or rest upon reasons. As stated above, there are two types of faith. These are: trust in someone and acknowledging truth without valid reasons.  1. The first type of faith (trust) is expressed in the continuity of the nation which one is born in and he is a member. It is believed that God has covenanted with the nation. The community which he is born in practices a certain faith and he automatically becomes part of the members practicing this type of faith. An illustration of this is the early period of Israel. The faith which the community of Israelis practiced resulted into the faith of the nation. This means that being born in the early Israeli nation or community automatically makes a person of that faith.  2. The second type of faith (acknowledging something to be true) is expressed by conversion of faith.A human being has to acknowledge certain beliefs to be true. An example of this type of faith is the period of early Christianity. The ancient Israelis who believed in the death and resurrection of the great son (Jesus) got salvation. As a result they were converted. Conversion only occurred if they believed that the great son died and was resurrected. There are various philosophical issues that arise from Buber’s writings. These are: trust in someone (as a type of faith) can be looked at in another way as affective faith: acknowledgement of truth can be looked at as cognitive faith. Affective faith is emotional and personal. This type of faith gives assurance of peace and tranquility, that there is a provider for everything. This form of trust can be expressed by action. That is, willing fully being ready to do anything for the person you have trust in. As seen in our society today’s society, extremists of a certain faith usually go out of their way to express this form of faith. For instance Jihad war by the Muslim faith. Trust in someone (type of faith) connotes dependency on some Supreme Being. This type of faith is that of a relationship with the person you believe in. Cognitive faith is the affirmation of truth, that certain propositions about God are true. Reasons for the affirmation are irrelevant. One can perhaps say intellectual acceptance of truth. For example belief in justice is an affirmation that justice actually exists. As asserted by one author,” some forms of “belief-in” can be reduced to “belief-that.” Belief in fairies, for instance, is just another way of a
Short gut syndrome is a condition in which the small intestine is less than 200cm in adults and not long as normal in children (neonate’s is 250 cm) resulting in massive malabsorption. This 200 cm must be viable; able to perform the normal functions (Siebert, 1980). This shortness of the small intestines may be due to surgical removal of part of small intestines due to other medical conditions that need surgical interventions or due to congenital defects. SGS can lead to malabsorption syndrome as the remaining or existing surface area of the gut is less for normal absorption of nutrients. In adults the normal length of the small intestines is an average of 600cm (range of 260-800cm). any disease, condition or injury that lads to loss of 50%+ of the small intestines creates a risk of developing short gut syndrome (Andorsky & Lund et al. 2001). Short gut syndrome occurs in neonates as a result of congenital malformations during intrauterine growth. Congenital abnormalities of the small intestines lead to reduction of the length of the small intestines and poor development of the gut surfaces which are very important in normal functions of the gut: absorption of nutrients. Other causes of neonatal short gut syndrome are necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal atresias and midgut volvulus. In older infants and children, the most common cause of SGS is intussusception with ischemic small-intestinal injury. Currently, in adults, the most common causes according to Khursheed, (2002) are Crohn disease, radiation enteritis, mesenteric vascular accidents, trauma, and recurrent intestinal obstruction. Surgical procedures involving the small intestines is also another cause of SGS mostly in cases where by the surgical procure results into reduction of the length of the gut or greatly reduces the absorption surface area of the gut (Buchman & Scolapio, 2003). Short gut syndrome have varied severe out comes. These include malabsorption, steatorrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition and nutritional disorders such as megaloblastic anaemia and weight loss. The short gut syndrome has the following symptoms; diarrhea, cramping, bloating, heart burn, malnutrition due to malabsorption of nutrients, dehydration as a result of the small intestines failure to reabsorb water. Short gut syndrome does have potential complications for children of which the following are the commonest; megaloblastic anaemia, ileal bacterial overgrowth, gastric hypersecretion, failure to thrive and osmotic diarrhea. Megaloblastic anaemia is as a result of failure of the small intestines to absorb vitamin B12, folic acid and iron which are very important in the synthesis of red blood cells. Vitamin B12 is absorbed in ileam while iron is absorbed in duodenu
Introduction Group counseling is where people benefit from experiences that they share together in a group. It is a form of therapy where people meet in order to address the problems that they are facing as individuals. These individuals then share their problems in order to look for solutions. According to gestalt theoretical approach, people involved in the group counseling are assisted to be aware of what they are currently working on; the way in which they are doing it; and activities which they can engage in to facilitate a change to their lives, as well as other peoples’ lives. Group counseling makes people develop skills and increase their confidence. The group of people involved also becomes empathetic and supportive to one another to address the challenges they are facing in life. Group counseling is commonly used in schools, colleges and universities, mental health clinics, and other human service agencies. Normally, group counseling is aimed at focusing on a certain issue such as stress management. The manager of the group counseling is a therapist who manages the group, but all members make their contributions that are taken into consideration. This is because they are part of the group and that they share the same issues. Gestalt theoretical approach makes an individual believe to be a potential health person with all material that can be used to give satisfaction in life (Corey, 2012). In group counseling, the leader should be able to reach everyone, both at individual and group levels. This makes every group member feel comfortable and confident while sharing or addressing a certain problem. Some ethical issues involved in group counseling There are major issues that should be done in group counseling that demonstrate ethics and enhance continuation and strength of the group. These issues are helpful to individual members of the group. Demonstration of respect and honesty to all members of the group from the leaders is one key issue which promotes cooperation. Anyone leaving the group must have a concrete reason and should do so after issuing a notification to the group. Another key ethical issue is that the responsibilities of each group member should be emphasized by the leaders. Some of these responsibilities are openness in the group, being able to provide feedbacks, punctuality and regularity in attending whenever there is a meeting held. Final
Introduction In contemporary society, the word sexism is synonymous to prejudice that is directed towards women, and which, to a larger extent, is attended by hostility. In other words, sexism carries a negative connotation, especially in today’s world which is characterized by the rise of feminism. It is however noted that this notion of sexism as a negative attitude towards women has been challenged by scholars within the same field. Recent thinking on sexism, buttressed by empirical research, has suggested that hostility towards women is not the only manifestation of sexism in the society. This is given the fact that this concept is seen to exist alongside heterosexual intimacy and the interdependence among the two genders. As such, it can be argued that it is erroneous to conceptualize sexism as a universally hostile phenomenon. This is given the fact that, as the arguments above have indicated, it might also have a benevolent dimension to it. The existence of hostile sexism and benevolent sexism as two interrelated and interdependent phenomena is the backdrop against which three scholars carried out a study within the human sexuality field. In this paper, this researcher is going to critique the journal article that reports the findings of the study by these three academicians. Article Reference As earlier indicated above, this article reports that findings of a study that was conducted by three scholars. These were Duran Mercedes, Moya Miguel and Megias Jesus L. The article is titled It’s his right, it’s her duty: Benevolent sexism and the justification of traditional sexual roles, and it is 20 pages long. However, it is important to note at this juncture that the findings of the study (or the study itself) occupy only 12 pages of the article. The other 8 pages are taken up by the appendix (where the questionnaire used for the study and the statistical findings are appended), references and information regarding the authors and the location of the article on the website. This article was published in the Journal of Sex Research, September- October 2011 issue. This is an indication of the fact that it is a fairly recent study, and as such, it is li