ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The central contradiction which people have been trying to comprehend for ages is between the good and the evil and life and death. An American novelist Herman Melville analyzes this discrepancy in his novel Moby-Dick; or, The Whale , which was written in the XIX century. The story is considered to be unique because of its elaborate scientific descriptions of whaling, behavioral patterns of a whale as a specimen, and even its classification. However, the topic of whaling goes beyond biological borders and serves as a symbol of eternal powers that confuse human minds and hearts. This paper analyzes Moby Dick, a mysterious symbol of an embodied terror and the inevitable tragedy of humanity, discusses the main characters of the novel, and summarizes the plot of the story. Summary of the Novel The narrator of the story, Ishmael, who used to be a sailor, is planning to do whaling on a particular vessel. The man travels to Massachusetts and stays in a whalers’ inn, which turns out to be full, and, therefore, he has to live with an eccentric but charismatic savage, Queequeg. Although being repulsed by his roommate at first, Ishmael soon discovers his generosity and kindness, and the two men decide on searching for the work on the whaling vessel. Inspired by their mutual idea, the men head for Nantucket, where they find an unusual gorgeous ship named Pequod, embellished with sperm whale teeth and bones. Afterward, Ishmael and Queequeg meet with the captain of the ship, Ahab, and their adventurous journey begins. When Ahab appears on the deck for the first time, he declares his intentions to pursue and kill the dreadful white whale, Moby Dick, a source of evil, because of whom the captain lost his leg. As their hunting proceeds, Ahab succeeds in catching a few whales, meets captains from other whaling vessels, and questions them about Moby Dick. One day the captain meets a mad prophet, Gabriel, from the ship Jeroboam who predicts inevitable dreadful consequences for those who threaten Moby Dick. Ahab’s desire for vengeance intensifies, and finally, when the boat reaches the equator, the captain notices the legendary whale and prepares for the attack. With only one strike, Moby Dick destroys Ahab’s harpoon boat. The next day, the captain repeats his attack and manages to harpoon the whale, but despite this, Moby Dick attacks again. At the end of the story, Ahab follows the destiny of his close companion, Fedallah, and dies, like the rest of Pequod’s crew and the crews of other boats. Ishmael, on the contrary, manages to escape the whirlpool and survives. At the end of the novel, another ship rescues Ishmael and continues to look for the lost crewmen. The Main Theme The central theme of the novel is the inevitability of human destiny illustrated by the unambiguous symbol of fatal catastrophe, the white whale named Moby Dick. The author draws readers’ attention towards the incredibly white color of the enormous creature, demonstrating its beauty, terror, and majesty. The white color in the novel indicates no
Introduction The service industry is the leading sector in globalisation and international hotels. Other industries are going global. According to Li-Qun (2013), the service sector currently accounts for more than a third of the trade in global services provision (p. 74). Researchers have embarked on a study of service provision in the hotel industry, as it is the most dynamic and popular for their studies. Customers in this industry are more demanding than in most other industries, and thus a combination of these factors makes the empowerment of employees a very important exercise (De Zilva, & Wong, 2012, p. 9). The contact between customers and employees is very important in the hotel industry as it determines the effectiveness of services at any hotel. The aim of front office employees is to guarantee the satisfaction of their customers. These employees are trained to handle the customers’ requests in the hotel industry by taking into account the hotel’s goals and objectives (Bardi, 2007, p. 88). For any hotel that aims to be a leader in its respective country and across the world by being renowned for its excellent services, it is paramount to maintain the front office department. The motivation of these employees determines the performance of this department like any other department in an organisation (Doughty, 2004, p. 19). According to He, Murrmann, and Perdue (2010, p. 41), “Empowering the front office employees can increase and enhance their job satisfaction and thus boost their productivity and efficiency at their respective desks”. Zeithaml, Bitner, and Gremler (2006) posit that the responsibility of motivating employees and equipping them with the necessary tools for their work lies with the organisation’s management (p. 45). In the hospitality industry, the front office is mainly the first place that customers meet the organisation and often the last before they leave. According to Foong-Ming (2008), the customers’ experiences in the hands of these employees determine their perception of the organisation and the attitude that they develop on the organisation and its services (p.19). The front office employees have a job description that requires them to work in shifts and their desks should be manned for 24 hours and even over the weekends. These employees welcome guests as they check into their rooms and provide them with the variety of services that the hotel offers. Therefore, front office employees should be in touch with the organisation’s services and charges (Tu & Lu, 2013, p. 457). In most hotels, the front office employees have tough jobs with long shifts and some are required to work during weekends. It
There are numerous books written by renowned scholars depicting Shakespeare’s life. Among these countless biographies, Stephen Greenblatt’s piece called “Will in the world: How Shakespeare became Shakespeare” is a captivating account. It is paramount to acknowledge that Stephen Greenblatt is a celebrated scholar born in 1943 at Cambridge, Massachusetts. He has taught for extended periods in universities making his work recognizable in the literary stratum. This is partly attributable to his capacity to reach out to persons above his academia and less knowledgeable audience. This piece is a volume written in 2004 detailing the life of the literary icon. In the book, Greenblatt explores the life of Shakespeare and attempts to explain how a man with such dismal education gained recognition as a dramatist. As such, this write up is a chapter examination of the book. Furthermore, it attempts to elucidate the thoughts and ideas expressed by Stephen Greenblatt. This book merges two sources of information thus the biographical documentation and the writings of the scholar making propositions explaining his life and work. Using his writings, Greenblatt deduces why Shakespeare wrote certain texts as they appear in his work. The writer takes a chronological approach based on existing evidence to piece the ensuing story. The first chapter of this thrilling encounter named the “Primal scenes” focuses on Shakespeare’s early life (Greenblatt 23). Similar to the proceeding propositions, the core of this chapter derives its basis on the thematic expressions present in icons own writings. It describes the events of his early life in the remote settlement of Stratford as Avon started his education. Apparently, Shakespeare attended a moderately prestigious school at that time. Greenblatt (24) explains that children who attended a similar school were from a handful of upper, middle category families. Reportedly, it is in this school that he probably got exposed to the literature and acts of Latin comedies. Greenblatt flaunts the idea that Shakespeare probably took a central role in a play called the “two menaechmuses”, which inspired Shakespeare’s play entitled the comedy of errors (Greenblatt 24). Greenblatt speculates that Shakespeare attended acts by dramatists visiting his home town in a company of his father who reportedly served in a senior position either as a bailiff or the town’s mayor. The book denotes that this troupes of actors staged plays advocating for virtuous deeds and denouncing acts of violence amidst the youth. These propositions by Greenblatt are evident in Shakespeare’s later work when he emulates these actors in his plays. At the close of the chapter, Greenblatt denotes that the hugely documented visit by the Queen to the region played a noteworthy function in Shakespeare’s early advance. While the Queen stayed at the castle of “Earl of Leicester”, the host staged several acts for her entertainment. Greenblatt argues that such primal scenes contributed to the iconic development of Shakespeare as a
Agility In the context of cyber security, agility is a concept that refers to measures that corporate organizations are taking in order to ensure operational flexibility and quick response to dynamic environmental factors that affect their normal operation. This concept is the one that is used to establish stable and secure cloud management systems for an internet-based data storage facility. Governance is comprised of activities executed by those responsible for the success of a corporate enterprise (the board and executive management). Their major responsibilities are strategy formulation and execution to ensure that both long and short-term objectives are achieved. Among the strategies formulated are risk reduction mechanisms. Cyber security is a concept that defines an enterprise’s reliance on cyberspace that is full of threats. Cyber security governance, therefore, entails the security governance of an organization’s information system. It is noticeable that features of information management address information security outside online storage facilities. The movement of information between offline and online dimensions is so frequent that cyber security management should encompass information security governance (Weill & Jeanne 163). Components of agility Responsiveness-it is the ability of an enterprise to quickly react to information system jeopardy attempts. It measures the flexibility of an enterprise. An enterprise should, therefore, deploy mechanisms to enable it to detect and respond to indications of unauthorized attempts to access its database. Responsiveness is important for an organization’s success because an earlier detection of unauthorized information access will allow an enterprise ample time to identify the source of cyber security weakness and take corrective measures. Earlier detection will also prevent huge damage or disruption of information in a Company’s database. Information loss prevention plays an important role in cost management. The information-gathering process is an expensive process therefor
Summary Japan is famous for its creativity and values of perfection in every economic sector. Enthusiasm and imagination for work are greatly expressed in Japanese products, mainly in cars and electronics. Most of the organizations operating in the industry in Japan are local companies. Some of the factors that have led to the industry’s growth include rapid growth in the global market, competitive pricing for most brands from the country, and strong performance. Many sectors are considering investing in the Japanese automobile sector (Cusumano, 2020). Before determining the ability to invest in a foreign country, some of the factors considered include the availability of resources, demand rates of goods and services, and the country’s economies. Present Japan’s automobile industry analysis is aimed to determine the profitability of a foreign country operating in the sector. The study will include the industry’s competition, the cultural differences in Japan, factors that make the automobile industry favorable for investment, and the marketing strategy that would be effective for operations in the country. The last part of the research will include recommendations on whether a foreign organization can invest in the country and remain profitable. Industry Outlook The automobile industry in Japan makes the country the largest car-producing nation worldwide. Vehicle manufacturing is an essential pillar in the country’s economy (Imai, 2017). The sector has more than 70 factories in 22 different areas and contributes to 5.5 million people’s employment. Activities in the industry contribute to about 89% of the country’s manufacturing sector (Cusumano, 2020). The supply of parts has also grown substantially over the years. Every organization operating in the sector focuses on producing cars that have spare parts and which will ensure effectiveness for consumers. The automobile industry in Japan is mainly driven by technology and innovativeness. One of the factors leading to the development in the industry is the increased demand for vehicles internationally. The boom in the country’s automobile industry was due to the huge demand for cars in the foreign market from the 1970s (Imai, 2017). One of the factors that have led to increased progress in the automobile industry is its growth in the economy. The Japanese economy has been in enhanced advancement in the past five years and is expected to grow. Japanese domestic car brands include Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota, Suzuki, and Honda. Other foreign car brands have also invested in automobile consumers in the country. Most of the country’s population are consumers of locally assembled products and see foreign-manufactured cars as symbols of status due to their high maintenance costs. Every automaker in the state contributes to the industry to enable the business to reach its current ranking. Government regulations are favorable in automotive commerce due to the recognition of the part that the sector has on the general economy (Yoo & Yoshida, 2019). Earlier, reliability and luxury in the manufacture of vehicles did not go hand in hand. However, innovation in t
The papal court under the rule of Pope Paul III brought many changes to the way people viewed the church. Paul started to appoint cardinals, bishops, and abbots that advocated for new reforms. The papal court concentrated its efforts on creating a different image for the church by establishing new religious orders. Paul and his followers worked towards “ending wordiness and immorality at the papal court” and adopting new tax rules and regulations (Wiesner-Hanks 187). Moreover, they opened new seminaries to train priests and enforced strict rules for seminary members to follow. The papal court decided to become the center of the reform movement in order to respond to the Protestant’s challenges. The Catholic Reformation allowed women to participate in the Catholic religious sphere more prominently than ever before. A group of women, called Ursulines, decided to treat the sick and tend to the poor, while also providing education for girls. After being approved by the Pope, this group focused mostly on its mission to educate young women. Many parts of this order were pressured to end their public mission and become cloistered nuns. While some members opposed these rules, others accepted their fate believing that their place is inside the convent. However, most Ursulines continued to educate girls. The Catholic Reformation also affected the number of female saints. Women were not allowed to participate in the central operations of the church of that period, which included mitigating the conflicts with Protestants. Many of the saints of that time period were travelers that spread their religion to other territories, while women were mostly denied in their desire to serve as missionaries except for a few persons. It is possible that France became the center of many religious conflicts due to a number of reasons. First of all, France’s recent participation in a series of wars significantly damaged the state of the country’s economy, which led to French monarchs making a treaty with the papacy that expanded their financial possibilities. Secondly, one of the major influencers, Calvin, was French of origin. His texts and speeches were in French. They affected many people and created additional tension between different religious groups. Teachings of Teresa of Avila Teresa of Avila called Lutherans a sect and viewed their operations in France as a danger for the Catholic Church. The increasing popularity of Lutherans troubled her the most. However, she did not offer any solutions that would require any violent actions. Her propositions were mostly connected to praying and following “the evangelical counsels as perfectly as [she] could” (Saint Teresa of Avila). Furthermore, she encouraged her fellow nuns to stop people from asking God to bring them material wealth and guide them not to “pray for worldly things” (Saint Teresa of Avila). Teresa argued that God would not listen to such prayers and ignore their words. Teresa of Avila saw virtue in poverty because she believed that
Introduction The passage of Galatians unambiguously focuses on justification by faith, on the basis of which the protection of Christian freedom from any form of legalism is built. The separation between Christianity and Judaism happened at the early stage of the Church’s existence, and the meaning of Galatians (3:23-29) undoubtedly helps in clarifying the nature of this schism. This paper aims to conduct the interpretative analysis of the mentioned passage of the Scripture to understand its author and recipients, timeframe, and the geographical setting of the text. Who? The Epistle to the Galatians is written by Apostle Paul as the style and theological content of the excerpt is characteristic of him. Most of the points are autobiographical in nature and are in good agreement with the description of Paul’s life and ministry in the book of Acts of the Apostles (Klein, Blomberg, & Hubbard, 2017). From a theological point of view, it is consistent with what Paul taught in his other epistles, such as the Epistle to the Romans. It is essential to state that he was a Jew born in Tarsus in the Mediterranean diaspora belonging to the Hellenistic culture and had a home-based family education and taught to sew tents (Hansen, 1994). He was brought up in the tradition of Pharisee piety and received Roman citizenship that is a sign of the high status of the family. From the chronological perspective, he had four apostolic journeys and was murdered by the emperor Nero in Rome. The contextual background of Paul is associated with the ancient Christian tradition that is shared by the Orthodox and Catholic Churches – the authorship of fourteen letters in the New Testament to the apostle Paul. Specifically to the Epistle to the Galatians, it should be noted that believers from the Jews, seeking to be teachers, inspired the Galatians (Wendt, 2016). The former stated that the latter should be circumcised and observe the Sabbaths and the new months since the disciples of Peter did not forbid this. Paul, who is often assigned the status of the second most important figure in Christianity, refers to the Galatians, but the question is to whom. He could write to the Celtic, also known as Gallic, people who lived in the northern part of Galatia. However, he could also appeal to residents of the whole province of Galatia located in the central part of Asia Minor. Following the routes of Paul’s first and second missionary journeys, one may note that Paul visited Pisidian Antioch, Iconium (Hansen, 1994). In general, the majority of scholars consider that the message was addressed to the ethnic Galatians who lived in the north of the province. Since the Galatians were uncircumcised pagans, the agitators argued that to save themselves, they must not only believe in Christ but also be circumcised (Wendt, 2016). For their part, the Galatians showed interest in hearing about the Apostle Paul and in the new form of evangelism. By the time Paul took up the pen, the Galatians were already moving away from true evangelism and, therefo
Music is an integral part of any society which reflects its cultural and intellectual development. Every culture has music specific for it only, the music which is the nation’s culture. Just like any country, Canada’s national music has been shaped over the centuries under the influence of other cultures, including the French and the American ones. In the 21 st century, however, the country became oriented towards individualism; this being the reason, the national music faced extreme development with Canadian popular musicians starting to dominate the airwaves of the country’s radio. At present, Canadian music is marked by nationalism, which results in its representation of specific social groups and social places. The issue of nationalism in music has recently become a point of wide discussion. For instance, in his article “In and around Canadian Music” Will Straw, drawing from Jacques Attali’s assertions mentions that “music evokes within its listeners the “quest for lost differences,” a yearning for those specificities of place or community that have been lost in the standardized, serial production of music as a capitalist commodity” (175). Judging from the state of the music industry in Canada several years ago, this idea can be agreed with since Canadian music was standardized due to its being perceived as a commodity and because of digital globalization; in addition, music has become a matter of time, not space because of technical innovations
Introduction The success or failure of any organization or company totally depends on its leadership. There are different levels of leadership in any organization and the board of directors plays a very important role in the running and management of any organization. Different organizations have different roles of the board of directors but generally there are basic foundation roles that apply to all the organizations. This paper discusses the different roles of the board of directors and how competence can be developed as well as the various differences between board of directors in the private sector and non-profitable organisation. Ideal relationship between the board of directors and the executive is also discussed. Board of directors The main role of the board of directors in any company or organization is to act as the eyes of the shareholders of the organization. A report by Brefi (2000) claimed that any given board of directors has a role: “to ensure the company’s prosperity by collectively directing the company’s affairs, whilst meeting the appropriate interests of its shareholders and stakeholders” (Brefi, 2000, p. 2). The board of directors is usually appointed by the shareholders who also have the powers to dismiss it mainly through a vote. The board of directors has different roles that vary from one organization to another. Oversee vision, mission and values of the organization It is the primary role of any board of directors to oversee that the Organization focuses at achieving its vision, mission, and values by continuous evaluation of the organization progress. They have the responsibility of determining values to be upheld and constantly review goals and objectives of the Organization. They are also supposed to set and follow up the implementation of policies in the Organization. A report by Gray (n.d.) was claimed that: “Directors, no matter what their reason for being elected to a board, are responsible for making decisions and setting policy for the organization” (Gray 1). Carter McNamara (2011) defined the roles of the board of directors as “oversee the purpose, plans and policies of the overall organization, such as establishing those overall plans and policies, supervision of the CEO, ensuring compliance to rules and regulations” (McNamara, 2011, p. 1). Set strategy and s