ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Teaching is a complex task that necessitates a lot of skills and knowledge to make it successful or rather to achieve stipulated teaching and learning goals. Planning is a very crucial aspect in the teaching field as it allows practices to work out in an efficient and effective manner that facilitates success in the learning process. The teachers should, therefore, plan their work in a manner that is likely to foster learning among students with different learning capabilities. This piece of work looks at the issue of planning and teaching. Some strategies and their effectiveness will be discussed. Planning Instruction to Achieve Results There are various strategies that have been identified in teaching. In linking assessment and instructions to achieve results, some of the strategies involve making instructional decisions in light of assessment and planning instructions to achieving the objectives embodied in an assessment. These strategies are unique in their application, but they are all aimed at making the learning process easier for all the parties involved to achieve good performance of individual students, a class and the entire school. Although the strategies mentioned earlier have both achieved success in their application, I consider the second option, that of redirecting instructions to achieve an assessment’s objectives to be the most applicable in my work. This is because I think the purposes of an appraisal to be directly related to the overall objectives of learning and hence when the instructions are planned in a manner that facilitates the attainment of the assessment’s goals, there are high chances of achieving overall success. To ensure student success, I would make sure that the assessment’s goals are in line with the learning objectives and expected results such that the planned instructions enhance the achievement of a smooth and fruitful learning process. The challenges encountered in implementing this process include matching the assessment objectives with that of the entire learning process and also streamlining the instructions to allow for success (Thousand, Villa and Nevin, 2007). Teaching to the Te
Introduction Any organization set up for the purpose of exploiting the interests of people with regard to recreation, arts, culture, and other related fields should be designed in such a way as to attract the persons interested in those fields. The growth in the tourism and entertainment sectors has necessitated the development of a specialized discipline called visitor attraction management. Unless the organization has a concept that has the ability to attract visitors or the administrative and marketing processes in that organization has the resources to manage them, visitors will stop coming to the place. In other words, the above-mentioned factors are crucial in the success of any ideas aimed at making profits through visits and the resulting income from the visitors. This paper is a study of a failure in visitor attraction management and will focus on the failed concept of the National Centre for Popular Music (NCPM) in Sheffield, UK. Brief Background of the case: The NCPM was a bold and innovative venture thought by the Sheffield County Board in order to prop up its failing economy that was once dominated by steel mills. The center which developed as a museum for pop music failed to attract even half the optimistic estimate of visitors. People have primarily blamed the consultants for the concept, by estimating improbable visitor estimates in order to obtain large funding from organizations in the country. Whatever may be the reason, visits did not even match the most conservative figures (as per the opinion of the board members) and the center had to ultimately close down to lack of operational income. Visitor attractions management: The common definition used in the UK of what constitutes visitor attraction is explained here at first. The place to which visitors are attracted should be a permanent structure and should be to allow public access to entertainment, education, or other interests. The center should not be primarily used as “a retail outlet or venue for sporting, theatrical or film performances.” (Fyall, Garrod & Leask, 2003, p.10). Visitors should also be able to visit the place without prior booking and the center must get its income directly from the visitors. Even though the authors of this book state that this definition is a bit outdated, the NCPM satisfies all the above-mentioned parameters and hence can be considered to be visitor attractive center. But it had obviously failed in some areas of visitor attraction and management and this will be reviewed in the coming sections of the paper. Factors and requirements in visitor attraction management: In order to attract visitors, a center should have something that should be attractive to p
The article “Data analytics: The power of coded data” by Thomas and Harding (2018) is relevant to the topic of healthcare data analytics because it explores the importance of such data analytics activity as the coding of data. The authors explain the concept of data analytics and argue that it is useful in four areas of healthcare: reimbursement and claims, pharmaceutical and R&D data, data from EHRs, and patient behaviors and preferences (Thomas & Harding, 2018). Further, the article provides details about the importance of coded data in such areas as reimbursement and claims, quality care reporting, and disease surveillance and monitoring. The first key point made in the article is that errors in the coding of data lead to various negative consequences for individuals and health care organizations. For example, errors in the coding of data about accidents in the workplace have an impact on whether an injured employee will get compensation (Thomas & Harding, 2018). Incorrect coding of patient outcomes can distort the information about healthcare quality provided by an organization (Thomas & Harding, 2018). The second key point of the article is that coded data has great significance in tracing and monitoring disease outbreaks. For example, using coded data confirmed by healthcare professionals, the CDC monitors such conditions as HIV/AIDS and the Zika virus (Thomas & Harding, 2018). Given the importance of the coding of data and the impact of errors made in this activity, healthcare organizations should make efforts to ensure the precision of data coding. Reference Thomas, F., & Harding, W. (2018). Data analytics: The power of coded data. Journal of AHIMA, 89 (9), 48-49. Web.
Introduction Stress refers to “a condition or a feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources that he or she can mobilize.” 1 Thus, stress is essentially a strain that can be emotional, physical, or mental. Occupational stress normally occurs when an employee is not able to manage the demands of his or her workplace. Stress has severe health effects and can even cause death. Occupational stress is one of the major causes of low productivity among employees. In the context of occupational behavior, stress affects employees’ relationships, motivation, and attitude towards work. 2 It is against this backdrop that most organizations have put in place elaborate measures to prevent and to manage stress. However, research reveals that not all measures taken to manage stress are effective. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyze the approaches used by individuals and organizations to manage stress. Approaches used by Organizations The following strategies are commonly used by organizations to prevent and to manage stress. First, most organizations focus on establishing effective management structures and strengthening their leadership. 3 This involves defining the chain of commands, as well as, the relationships among employees. A clear chain of command helps employees to avoid the stress that can result from uncertainty about the reporting system and sources of authority in the organization. Most managers believe that access to supervisors can help employees to manage stress. This premise is based on the assumption that supervisors have solutions to work-related causes of stress. Lack of adequate tools and materials that are necessary for the execution of a given task is one of the major causes of occupational stress. In the context of organizational behavior, employees will not be willing to perform certain tasks if they lack the necessary tools and materials. For example, lack of protective equipment is a major cause of stress and low productivity in factories. Consequently, most organizations focus on providing adequate tools and materials to prevent stress. It is apparent that effective management cannot be used on its own to manage stress. Whereas a clear chain of command can help in preventing the
Strategic Alliances Various companies and firms are coming up with ingenious ways of combating competition. One of the methods through which firms ensure survival in the business environment is by forming strategic alliances. Consequently, an average company has between 20 and 100 active alliances at any given time. Strategic alliances are “formal and mutual agreements on commercial collaboration between firms” (Ohmae, 2009, p. 143). Parties that are involved in a strategic alliance often agree to exchange, pool, or integrate their resources in order to achieve mutual gains. The main rationale behind strategic alliances is the changing business environment. Firms have to contend with fast changes that are brought about by globalization, the need for expansion, customer satisfaction, and the needs of suppliers. Alliances can be used as functional responses to unstable business environments. Research has indicated that “companies that successfully embrace strategic alliances perform better than the ones that do not” (Ohmae, 2009, p. 144). Strategic alliances ensure that the diverse needs of the customers are addressed. In addition, firms that embrace strategic alliances can enjoy the services of a wide range of suppliers on special terms. Strategic alliances are known to assist firms in sharing risks and costs, capitalizing on their strengths, and utilizing leverage. Nevertheless, alliances work best when they align with a firm’s overall goals and strategies (Foster & Ganguly, 2007). Furthermore, alliances do not work by default but they also require additional resources for them to be fruitful. Strategic alliances can easily be utilized by companies in facilitating a company’s quest for quality. First, firms can use strategic alliances as avenues for sharing knowledge. Most firms have their own pool of knowledge and expertise but they also lack these resources in other crucial areas. Strategic alliances assist firms in utilizing the knowledge that they lack. Firms can use the knowledge and expertise that is acquired through strategic alliances to improve the experiences of their customers. The quality of the services and products that are provided by any firm depends on the available knowledge and expertise. Consequently, strategic alliances can easily be used to bridge the quality-gaps that exist in any company. Some of the ways in which a firm can utilize strategic alliances in improving quality is by forming an alliance with a company that has vast production knowledge (Das & Teng, 2000). Furthermore, a company can utilize its strategic partner’s ability to obtain top-quality products. For example, the strategic alliance between carmakers Toyota and General Motors meant that customers in Japan and the United States could enjoy top quality vehicles. Strategic alliances also contribute to a firm’s quest for quality because they facilitate shared risks. Sharing risks can enable a company to minimize its likelihood of making low quality products. For example, most commercial aircraft manufactures use strategic alliances by ensuring that different plane parts are made by different comp
Introduction Workplace safety and health play a critical role in determining the general level of the market’s performance. Hence, poor working conditions impede the productivity of the workforce and, consequently, hurt the economic growth of a country. As a result, this problem should be timely addressed to ensure the consistent development of the market. Underpinning Motives Minimize work-related risks The EU makes significant efforts to promote workplace safety and health throughout the Union. Thus, the European Commission has recently introduced a Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014-2020 that is mainly aimed at implementing the relevant safety rules and preventing potential risks. It is expected that the strategy will become a consistent guideline for the associated activity (European Commission, 2014). In the meantime, it should be noted that this implementation is not the first step that the EU has made in terms of promoting the high quality of working conditions. Thus, for instance, the problem already received legal support with the appearance of Article 137 of the EU Treaty introduced in the middle of the twentieth century. The number of reports and official strategies devoted to the promotion of workplace safety and health shows that the EU society is highly concerned about the relevant problem. As a result, the question arises regarding the motives that underpin the EU’s firmness in terms of resolving the problem of working conditions. To understand the true rationale and evaluate the current outcomes, it is essential to carry out a detailed analysis of the measures that the EU has been taking so far. On the face of it, no rationale needs to be provided as the aim to promote workplace health and safety seems to be explicable. Thus, for instance, it might be assumed that the main motive underpinning this aim is the intention to reduce work-related risks. It is not a secret that some of the occupations acquire negative implications due to the associated risks that they imply. As a result, a negative image is created, and fewer employees show the willingness to apply for these positions. Also, the EU is constantly emphasizing their concern about gender inequality in terms of working conditions. Meanwhile, women are physically incapable of operating within the unhealthy conditions that some works offer. Hence, for instance, some experts believe that women’s health needs to be specially considered while ensuring the safety of the working conditions. According to the experts, the problem is currently poorly addressed, and alternative solutions need to be found in case the EU is truly determined to incorporate women into the working environment without hazarding their health (Vogel 2003). The
Paraplegia is described as a complete or incomplete paralysis of the lower body, including legs, bowels, and possibly the trunk. According to the national surveys, over four million people in America suffer from spinal cord injuries. Out of them 300,000 are paraplegics. (“How many People are affected by Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)” par. 2). The life of a paraplegic is hard and full of challenges. Mundane tasks suddenly become troublesome, such as moving around the house or going downstairs (York par. 1). Allowing these people to perform mundane tasks without additional help from someone else would make them feel capable and independent once more (“Spinal Cord Injury – Paraplegia” par. 8). This design project is orientated towards paraplegics, and might be of interest to people who have a friend or a relative suffering from paraplegia. Sometimes families do not realize how much they could do for a disabled person. It is not impossible to help them live a relatively normal life. Many different devices and mechanisms could be used to make a paraplegic’s life easier, such as rails, ramps, personal elevators, and bathroom aides. One of the more challenging tasks that paraplegics have to face is bathing. Getting into a bathtub could be hard for people with limited mobility. However, it becomes an impossible task should one attempt it without extra help or specialized equipment. It requires not one but two strong people to put a paraplegic into a bathtub. This is a very uncomfortable procedure due to the exposure and the physical strain put on the body. In addition, this method has a very high risk of causing additional trauma, leaving it highly unfavorable. Personal hygiene is very important for the paraplegics due to how they go about their bladder and bowel program (“Bowel Management After Spinal Cord Injury” par. 8). They are required to wash frequently. Being able to do so alone without additional assistance is a major step to improving the quality of life for the paraplegics since not only would they be able to feel independent, but it would also protect their pride and privacy. Not everybody is comfortable with being naked in the presence of another person, even a family member. Some feel humiliated and think they are a burden, even if their family and caregivers do not think that way. Paraplegics may not say it aloud, but it is how they feel, and their feelings must be respected (Dezarnaulds 8). Fortunately, there are devices that allow a paraplegic with the reasonable upper-body strength to perform the act of bathing on their own. They are called tub lifts. These devices are relatively simple and safe. The majority of the mechanisms are operated by either gears and levers, or by an electric engine that does the heavy lifting (Bonecutter par. 18). The latter is recommended for the elderly or those who do not possess the necessary upper-body strength. A tub lift allows the paraplegics to lift themselves up from the wheelchair and then lower their body down into the tub without putting any extensive pressure on the spinal cords. Tub lifts are available in a varied price range to accommodate diff
Modernization refers to a process through which a society improves its socials aspects and economic and political capabilities. On the other hand, democracy refers to the vesting power on the people so that they can exercise it directly and independently through various means. Economic enhancement is attained through industrialization while political capabilities improve through the process of bureaucratization (Inglehart, 1997). The issue regarding the correlation between modernization and democracy has undergone endlessly debates. There exists a close relationship between democracy and modernization. Modernization facilitates the conditions conducive for development. A combination of various aspects of the society plays a vital role in the process of modernization, which must include democratization to be complete. An analysis of varied cultural aspects demonstrates that some cultures are more conducive to processes of modernization and democratization compared to others. An analysis of Catholicism and Protestantism clearly demonstrates this phenomenon. The idea of modernity first emerged in protestant countries considering their early modernization. On the other hand, countries practicing Catholicism modernized and democratized late (Wucherpfennig & Deutsch, 2009). This aspect and the time lag factor concerning the onset of the process of modernization have led to the cold reception of democratic transformation in some countries. This confirms the historical experience which tends to indicate that late modernizing societies have had delayed democratization. Late modernizing countries encountering underdevelopment in terms of the economic, infrastructural and other aspects have the state playing a central role in the society especially concerning the economic life. This, to some extent, delays the emergence of economic independence. As a result, there is hindrance to democratization because an independent middle class is crucial in the realization of a functioning and stable democracy. A democratic system is crucial for sufficient development to occur in any society. Lack of democracy hampers development and make is considerably difficult to preserve the results of the already achieved development. Almost all human endeavors aim at attaining freedom and thus democracy. The process of modernization affects almost all aspects of life. In this regard, it brings about occupational specialization, urbanization, enhanced education and economic gr
Introduction Tourism involves people traveling to different parts of the world with the purpose of having leisure, recreation and also doing business. Tourism can be local or international. Tourists are individuals who travel to destinations far from their residence for the purpose of getting something that is not in their environment. Tourism has been of great impact to the development process of poor countries in Africa, South America and part of Asia. Nevertheless, developed countries like the Britain and the USA also have tourist attraction (Lennon 194). Most developing countries have benefited from tourism in great ways since tourism have been seen as one of the great contributors to the countries income. Most of the developing countries have tourism as a comparative advantage. Tourism sector earns the countries foreign exchange currency which has helped reduce the balance of payment deficits. Moreover, tourism earnings have contributed to the conservation of both the natural environment and the people’s culture. Despite, the tourism promotion to the developing countries economy, there have been some negative impact to communities. For instance most of the income earned form the tourists has benefited the Euro-American entrepreneurs who are said to control the worldwide tourism. Tourism has also polluted the environment in some ways, for example, most of the tourists throw plastic bottles and bags in the game reserves that can sometimes be consumed by the animals. Tourism can negatively affect the culture of the developing countries communities. Some of the tourists cultures are not good to be adapted (Lennon 194). To discuss the contribution of tourism to the developing countries, I will focus of the three major countries development section. That is, the environment, economic and the socio-cultural sectors. Developing countries like Kenya, Rwanda, Botswana and Tanzania have been used as examples in the discussion of tourism impacts on the developing countries. Tourism has had a positive impact in the conservation of the environment. There are several positive contributions to the environment brought by tourists. Tourism provides direct money to the parks and other tourism sites. When tourists visit a place, they pay entrance fee. The money is sometimes used to conserve the place and its habitats so that to attract more tourists and earn extra income (Ikiara & Okech, 2). Tourism contributes much to the government revenue. When the tourists visits certain countries, they contribute money to those countries in form of user fees, taxes on their income and sales, permits on any game activity and payment on the use of government recreation equipment. The government uses the money from to