ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is impossible to distinguish the type of comedy that would be interesting for a person without analyzing one’s reaction to humor on various topics. Comedians choose to use such a strategy to build a relationship with the audience from the show’s beginning. They identify the audience at the outset to satisfy people with the comedy by joking about appropriate topics that would not insult anyone. However, sometimes comedians might choose the wrong humor, offending the audience’s culture or using stereotypes that seem inappropriate for watchers. Primarily, many comedians base their jokes on ridiculous stereotypes that seem utterly absurd to most people. Still, comics might deliver their idea in the wrong way offending the audience (Jiang et al., 2019). For instance, the humorist might include a joke about women being wholly unambitious and incapable of running their business, focusing on the irrational stereotype. It is evident that now women can defend themselves and sometimes seem even more hard-working and goal-oriented. However, this stereotype might still hurt the female audience, considering it is utterly inappropriate. Overall, unprofessional comedians use stereotypes in their humor rather than spending time to create unique and indeed funny jokes. As a result, such offensive stereotypical depictions might carry a harmful social weight to the audience. As a matter of fact, it seems inappropriate for humorists to implement stereotypical ideas in their jokes since they might carry a hurtful notion to the audience. One can never guess what stereotypes the audience agrees with and associates with themselves. Furthermore, as a central aim of comedies is to lift people’s moods, it seems unreasonable to include the beliefs that might spoil the audience’s overall experience from the show (Jiang et al., 2019). Therefore, it is fair to conclude that stereotype-based humor is unnecessary, and comics should use different ideas to make their puns. However, the same statement applies to people who appreciate stereotype-based jokes, especially offensive to others. It seems unfair to laugh at jokes that might considerably harm other people who associate themselves with the humored idea or notion (Jiang et al., 2019). In addition, considering that the modern world is more about omitting selfish motives and supporting others, it is evident that
Introduction Who created the computer? This is a question that will not have a simple answer. The real answer is, many people have contributed to the history of this device, but the computer can be defined as a machine which is made up of many parts and each part has its uses and functions, various parts in the computer have been invented and created by different people. “Throughout history computers have undergone a big revolution with it own impacts and characteristics which had an impact in the world. The desktop computer has undergone five different developments over the years” (Stallings, p. 26). The first revolution (generation) happened between 1940 to 1956, this type of computer was known as the vacuum computer, its main circuitry consist of vacuum tubes and a magnetic drum which acted as the memory. This type of computer relied on machine language, which is the lowest language a computer can understand to perform its various functions and operations, “it type of computer was able to perform its operations one at a time and the input was paper tapes while output was a printout” (Stallings, p. 26). The second revolution (generation) happened between 1956-1963, the main components as it was in the first generation computer, where transistors replaced the vacuum tubes as its circuitry. This device was far better than the vacuum tube which was found in the first-generation computer. This model of the computer was smaller in size when you compare it with first-generation computers, it used to save energy. The heat was a problem in this model of a computer but it was an improvement to that of the first generation computer. This model of the second generation computer was using assembly language with the instructions being given to the computer by a person using it. The third revolution of this model happened between the years 1964-1971, the major difference with this model of the computer, the user of this machine was able to interact with it by the use of a keyboard and monitor and this model of the computer used to have an Operation System which enables the user to run more than one applications. “This type of computer was produced to the members of the public because it was cheap as you compare it to other generations of computers and it was smaller in size” (Stallings, p. 27). The Fourth revolution of this model of t
Berte, E., & Narapareddy, V. (2018). Building a culture of innovation in a health-care organization . Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 1 (4), 330–348. Web. The paper discusses how innovation can be used to improve the functioning of an organization through establishing a new culture. Using the example of Columbus Regional Health, authors showed that creativity and technologies were vital for shaping the atmosphere within a unit. Compared to other papers, this one focuses on innovation, which is viewed as an essential element of culture and ethics. It can be used to discuss new digitalized methods of establishing a code of behavior in a unit. Besio, C., du Gay, P., & Serrano Velarde, K. (2020). Disappearing organization? Reshaping the sociology of organizations . Current Sociology, 68 (4), 411–418. Web. The recent developments in the sociology of organizations contributed to the increased attention to culture, communication, and ethics. These factors are viewed as central ones for the work of different groups. For this reason, researchers were sure that to be productive, employed methods should consider the current peculiarities of individuals. This paper introduces additional information about the sociology of organizations and their structure, and this data is vital for the literature review. Daft, R. (2020). Organization theory & design (13 th ed.). South-Western College Publishing. The book contains the central definitions and concepts in the field of organization theory and design. The researcher discussed how modern units functioned, their structure, and also the role culture and ethics played in their development. This source is the basic one for the literature review as it offers the most important definitions and ideas linked to the issue under research. It will be used to create the theoretical background for the investigation and discussion. Ermasova, N. (2021). Cross-cultural issues in business ethics: A review and research agenda . International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 21 (1), 95–121. Web. The research synthesizes information from 306 papers to outline the importance of ethical issues in the business and the work of organizations. The author showed that most conflicts and failures resulted from a lack of attention to organizational ethics. The research supports other sources speaking about the importance of this factor for the organizations’ growth. It can be used to broaden the literature review and introduce additional information about ethics in organizations. Johnson, C. (2018). Organizational ethics: A practical approach (3 rd ed.). SAGE Publications Inc. The book offers the basic ideas of organizational ethics and explains its current role in the work of uni
Staffing is a very crucial management element that is involved with the coordination of the human resource or work force in an organization. It is a concept that has evolved over the years due to changes in the understanding of the aspect of human resource and the value attached to it. In the early days for example, employees were treated in a bad manner and could be replaced more often without consideration of the consequences the organization would face. Currently, the need to treat employees in a good manner in an effort to maintain and retain them has been recognized and embraced. This is because the human resource is a crucial element that contributes to the success of an organization through driving other forces, for instance, the assets (Ployhart, Schneider and Schmitt, 2006). This paper looks at organizational staffing at the Effective Management Solutions Company with much emphasis being given to the Hiring and Variable Pay program (HVP). The situation Effective Management Solutions Company is an organiz
Introduction Hinduism is one of the oldest and largest religious systems in the world. It has over 900 million followers worldwide and comprises 13% of the world’s population. The religion is stated to be around 3000 years old. About 80% of the people of India follow Hinduism and its believers are called Hindus. Hinduism, many believe, is not a religion; it is a way of life, a set of beliefs and traditions evolved over a period of time in the Indian subcontinent. The term Hinduism was coined by foreigners to distinguish the religious tradition of the Indian subcontinent from Islam and Christianity. Hinduism origin and development Hinduism is different from other religions in the world as it does not have a single doctrine or a single founder like Christianity or Islam. It is a God-centred religion while most of the other religions are prophet-centered. Hinduism is the principal religion of India, which developed gradually over a period of four thousand years. It consists of many different religious groups that have developed in India since 1500 BC. Hinduism originated in India more than 3000 years ago, in the Indus Valley region, near River Indus which is now in Pakistan. It is generally accepted that the religion was brought to the Indian subcontinent by the Aryan people, who conquered and colonized the northern areas of India in or around the third millennium BC. It is spread over Nepal, and among the Tamils in Srilanka, and recently in United States, United Kingdom, and many other countries in the world. The 2001 census recorded that there are 559,000 Hindus in Britain which constitutes around 1% of the population. Hinduism: the basic concept Contrary to popular understanding, Hinduism believes in one God, known as ‘Brahman’ who created and us believed to be present in everything. It is a monotheistic religion and believes that the God of Hindus, Christians, Muslims, and all other religions is the same. Hinduism believes that all worship the same God but in different ways. All types of worship are accepted by God if they are done with faith and devotion. The Vedas are the sacred religious texts of Hinduism, which define the concept of truth. Vedas means knowledge of truth and the Hindu philosophy is based on the teachings of Vedas. It is not the only sacred book of Hinduism. Upanishads, Sutras, and Bhgavad Gita are some of the other holy books of this faith. Every religion is a way to God and no particular way to God is superior to that of others. “All paths are true. Your path for you; My path for me.” This is the basic principle of Hinduism. The symbol ‘Om” is a Hindu sacred sound
Introduction During a market expansion, a business conducts assessments of its current market to identify the unreached markets. As argued by Cascio (2013), the primary aim of the market development strategy is to attain revenue growth through utilizing opportunities that are readily available in the markets (both local and foreign). Adhering to market expansion procedures attracts the delivery of new competencies in the current market as well as the prospective foreign for the existing products and services. As earlier stated in the video chat, employment laws play an important role in determining the success of an expansion in a foreign market. This memo aims to highlight the four primary employment laws that your company should adhere to as it expands into India. In addition, this memo will also address the consequences of noncompliance with those laws. Current Employment Law in India The mentioned 20 percent increase of workforce requires adherence to local employment laws. Failure to adhere to these laws, your organization may face a greater challenge of attaining the desired objectives in the foreign market. On the other hand, adhering to these laws, your organization will achieve a competitive advantage in the marketplace. In India, laws that relate to employment are mainly classified under the industrial law. Here, laws that protect employees have been developed as a result of the increased civic education on human rights (Cascio, 2013). For this reason, the industrial relations have embraced a complex relationship between employees, employers, an
Georgia Energy Assistance Program The Georgia Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) is a program that provides financial assistance to low-income households in a timely manner. The program only serves households that meets the programs eligibility test. The program is also available nationally in other states as it is funded by the federal government. Funding is provided through the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). However, state legislatures provide additional funding to supplement the money received from the federal government. Money to fund the program comes from four main sources namely, block grants, Contingency Funds, Leveraging Incentive Programs, and the Residential Energy Assistance Challenge Program. LIHEAP works in collaboration with the Weatherization Assistance program (WAP) to perform its functions. Many households that struggle to make ends meet benefit immensely from the program. Program’s Evolution The history of the program dates back to the 1980s when the Low Income Energy Assistance Program (LIEAP) was created to mitigate rising energy prices (“Georgia Heap,” 2013). A year later, it was replaced with LIHEAP. In 1984, the program was expanded to include financing to low-income households for cooling costs. This improvement was part of the Human Services Reauthorization Act. In that regard, the services were rolled out in all states. Each state administers the program according to the needs of its people. For instance, Georgia provides funding for minor home repairs and energy bill payment (“Georgia Energy Assistance Program,” 2018). The program has grown immensely. For instance, in 2016, 129, 446 households benefited from the program’s funding. LIHEAP’s Purpose As mentioned earlier, the main role of the program is to provide timely and appropriate financial assistance to low-income households that cannot afford to pay their energy bills and conduct energy-related repairs (“Georgia Energy Assistance Program,” 2018). In addition, it offers energy crisis assistance in cases of heating or cooling emergencies. The program only offers assistance in life-threatening emergency situations. LIHEAP also provides long-term weatherization assistance at affordable prices (“Georgia Energy Assistance Program,” 2018). Households eligible for the program’s assistance also enjoy other services such as energy bill payment and energy-related minor home repairs (“Georgia Heap,” 2013). Eligible households are given financial assistance in the form of checks that are issued directly to the utility companies or vendors that provide energy services. Program Description The LIHEAP is funded by the federal government and it is available in all 159 counties in the state. In order to fulfill its mission, the program is comprised of several divisions that carry out specific functions. Applications are made through a local Community Action Agency (“Low Income Heating and Energy Assistance,” 2018). The Division of Family and Children Services (DCFS) is responsible for funding through the prog
Identify five HRM criteria or components that can be used to measure organizational effectiveness or ineffectiveness. “Grievance rate” is an example. To measure organizational efficiency/inefficiency, managers should evaluate how the activities of different employee groups are organized and identify the particular features of the overall ma
Background of Le Corbusier Works that has Earned Him Criticism and Admiration Le Corbusier is one of the most celebrated architects of the 20 th century (Reyner 2961, p. 94). He was always critical of the exact role of an architect. In one of his statements, he noted that architects always find themselves at crossroads in most of their work. On one hand, there is the need to satisfy clients, while on the other hand there is always a need to ensure that the structure put up is functional. The dilemma comes when the client demands something unique that defies nature. They believe that architects have the capacity to design structures that is unique. This may be possible, but as he notes, functionality is a factor that cannot be ignored when putting up such structures. Le Corbusier sees architecture as a way of thinking and a way of life that governs his action. He once described the art of architecture as a ‘machine of life’. This description has been interpreted differently by his admirers and critics. He was very articulate when giving this description. He said that the main role of architects is to provide safe structures in which people can live. The emphasis is, therefore, put on life. The machine must support life. However, not everyone has had a common view of this definition. To his admirers, they have been looking at this statement from the perspective of life, just as he stated. They argue that structures are supposed to offer people the opportunity to lead decent lives. To most of his critics, this statement has been viewed to mean that Le Corbusier overemphasizes on the functionality of the structures and ignored other relevant aspects of architecture. This research paper will critically analyze Le Corbusier’s architectural works, and determine what his admirers and critics thought about his view on the field of architecture. One area that many of the contemporary architects have praised or criticized Le Corbusier for, is the vertical construction of buildings. According to Frampton (1992, p. 37), the land is a precious asset that has to be used sparingly. The growing population means that there is a need to put up more structures to sustain the growing population. The problem is that when such structures are crammed within a small space, it causes congestion, leading to a slum-live lifestyle. Le Corbusier held that the work of architects was to provide good living conditions to people by providing housing units that meet the relevant standards. For this reason, he challenged construction that was crowded close together, limiting the space for other recreational facilities. The figure below demonstrates when Le Corbusier detested an architect’s work. Figure 1. Le Corbusier always insisted on the value of space. He would say that one of the leading roles of architects is to maximize the available space maximally in order to meet the demand of the population while still avoiding crowded buildings. Such buildings as those shown above demonstrate a lack of thinking in the designers. For this reason, he tried finding a better solution t
Homeland security is a concept that is widely discussed in the modern society. Questions concern the rightfulness of the governmental interference in people’s lives. While such talks are circulating the country, investigation tools are becoming more advanced to serve the prevention of future crimes. Psychological Profiling Psychological profiling is a tool used by investigators to determine a person who has committed a crime. It is usually claimed to have two elements, which are the inductive and the deductive (Helfgott, 2008, p. 423). The first one is based on the assumption that if certain crimes are committed by people from the same social groups, then these people must have some personality traits common for all of them. Inductive investigation relies heavily on the past cases to identify similarities between them and to draw the psychological portrait of the possible offender. This study is relatively easy to conduct as it does not require the investigator to possess any additional knowledge from such fields as psychology or anthropological studies (Bartol & Bartol, 2016). The deductive approach is much more complex. It calls for the attentive analysis of the crime scene to determine the psychological portrait of an offender by the signs that he or she has left. Moreover, a great deal in this type of profiling is played by a victim. By analyzing the psychological portrait of a victim, one can recreate the psychological portrait of an offender. Implications for the Government There are several goals in psychological profiling that the government could target for a set of the homeland security policies. For instance, the development of both approaches may help to provide the criminal justice system with tools for creating a psychological portrait of offenders. Creating a list of characteristics like race, gender, age, education, and others would serve for enhancing the effectiveness of the investigation process, as the circle of suspects would be much narrower. Another possible use is for the criminal justice system to use the method’s findings for analyzing the items found at the offender’s home. Personal things like photos, video clips, clothing and other items may be a speaking proof of the offense commitment. Finally, the government could develop guides with questioning techniques that could help to better distinguish between the liars and the truth speakers. However, there are some questions concerning the viability of the psychological profiling tool. Since it is based on drawing similarities and offering assumptions, it cannot be considered the only method of investigation. Conclusions can easily be wrong, and guilty people might be harder to find. However, when it comes to determining the sequence of events without any witnesses, every tool becomes useful. Thus, psychological profiling should become one of the additional, yet important, steps for the process of investigation. Civil Liberties Even though the concepts of civil liberties and homeland security are somewhat opposit