ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Beta-Thalassemia is an inherited disease seen in children, as a result of a genetic blood disorder. The incidence of this disease is high in the Southern Mediterranean and Asian regions. This topic has been chosen for two reasons. The first is that it is a genetic disorder and the second is that though the incidence of beta-thalassemia is low in the United States of America, migration of individuals from the high incidence regions to the United States of America is occurring raising the possibility of increased incidence in the country. Hence enhanced knowledge of beta-thalassemia would be useful. Beta Thalassemia Makhoul, et al (2005), define beta-thalassemia as an “autosomal recessive disorder characterized by reduced (beta (+)) or absent (beta (0)) beta-globin chain synthesis”. In simple terms what this means is that beta thalassemia consists of a group of hereditary disorders that are that demonstrate a genetic deficiency in the synthesis of beta-globin chains in hemoglobin. According to Takeshita (2007), “the genetic defect usually is a missense or nonsense mutation in the beta-globin gene, although occasional defects due to gene deletions of the beta-globin gene and surrounding regions also have been reported”. In beta-thalassemia minor, which is the presence of thalassemia trait or heterozygous carrier type, one of the beta-globin genes is defective. The defect may present itself as a complete absence of beta-globin protein called beta-zero thalassemia or a reduced synthesis of the beta-globin protein called beta-plus thalassemia. In the case of beta thalassemia major or homozygous beta thalassemia, both the beta-globin genes are mutated, leading to severe impairment in the production of beta-globin chains. This severe imbalance in the synthesis of beta-globin chains causes ineffective erythropoiesis and severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. (Takeshita, 2007). The determining factor as to the inheritance of beta-thalassemia is genetics, as is the case in all forms of thalassemia. Beta-thalassemia minor can be found in individuals, who carry the trait for beta-thalassemia in their genetic make up. This trait hardly ever progresses into the disease itself, with generations passing before the manifestation of the disease in a child. Two individuals having beta-thalassemia trait producing a child increase the chances of the child developing thalassemia major by twenty-five percent (Catlin, 2004). This factor causes an increased incidence of beta-thalassemia in countries and regions, where close family marriages or consanguinity is practiced (Makhoul, et al, 2005). There exists the hypothesis that the thalassemia trait developed in countries, where malaria was endemic, as it offers some protection against malaria
The presented case study explains how Simplex Mills is finding it hard to achieve its business objectives. The current challenges have emerged after the establishment of a procurement department. The existing rivalry has attracted the attention of the company’s president. This discussion examines the nature of the issues facing the company and how they can be addressed to promote performance. Is Taylor’s view of the situation realistic? As described in the case study, Taylor (the production manager) believes that the establishment of the new purchasing department is a move that has affected his goals negatively. This has been the case because of the established formal procedures for procurement and purchasing. The fact that the need for specific items or resources is being questioned constantly is an issue that appears to irritate Taylor. His expectation was that the establishment of the new department would have made it easier for his needs to be addressed in a timely (Coleman and Ferguson 39). Looking at the nature of the situation, it is quite clear that Taylor’s view of the current situation is unrealistic. Several reasons can be presented to support this kind of argument. To begin with, the purchasing manager (Rehman) is expected to coordinate various functions in the department, monitor costs, and ensure that materials are delivered in time. This objective cannot be realized without a detailed report or information regarding the nature of every required resource. It is also agreeable that every activity or acquired material must be documented. This is the reason why the purchasing department has to question everything that must be purchased or acquired. The department is also critical since its roles and actions should result in savings. From this analysis, it is evident that Taylor is unhappy with the fact that he is answerable to a manager who is subordinate to him. This understanding should, therefore, be taken into consideration by the company’s president if a positive solution is to be identified and implemented. How do you evaluate Christopher’s position? The second concern revolves around Christopher’s expectations and views. His position is that the purchasing department should be synced with the company’s marketing function. He goes further to indicate that the marketing strategy of a given firm should be merged with the purchasing function in order to deliver positive results. On the contrary, Rehman mainly focuses on the purchasing needs of the company without taking Christopher’s expectations into consideration. Consequently, it has been impossible for Simplex Mills to have a unified marketing model. This issue presents an interesting scenario that must be examined from a critical perspective. Although the effectiveness of the purchasing process dictates the success of a given organization, it is always appropriate for the marketing function to be pursued in a different manner. This is the case because the department focuses on numerous attributes such as the needs of different consumers and economic performance (Lopez 102). These are issues that mig
Every person in their life is forced to make decisions. Sometimes, it is challenging to find the best option because there is always a fear of making a mistake and regretting what has been done. It is especially puzzling to decide something for an adolescent whose worldview has not yet fully formed. Teenage pregnancy is an awkward issue when a girl faces burdensome alternatives that can drastically alter her life. Therefore, before making a decision, she must carefully weigh everything and consider each option’s positive and negative consequences. Teen Pregnancy: The Different Options to Address the Problem The Alternative Ways Out of Crisis Situation The problem of teen pregnancy can be solved in different ways. Kristi Kanel (2018) claims that every crisis can include both danger and opportunity. Thus, there are such options:  1. The girl may decide to keep the child and prepare to become a mother. According to data, 11% of all births occur during the teenage age worldwide (Ghose & John, 2017).  2. She can decide to give birth to a baby and leave him in the hospital.  3. Teenagers can have an abortion or terminate a pregnancy at home using herbs, medicines, or folk methods and try to live as if nothing happened.  4. The girl can give birth to a kid and let his grandparents raise him if they do not mind. Thus, there are at least four alternative ways to address this problem. The Consequences of Each Option Each alternative that a girl can choose has both positive and negative sides. The first option is the birth of a new person and the opportunity for the young mother to love and raise him. However, the adolescent will probably give up her school and face the risk of failure in her future career. The advantages of the second alternative include a chance for the girl to continue studying and the removal of the risk of further infertility. On the other side, she will always know that her child considers another woman his mom, or worse, that he lives in the children’s home. The termination of pregnancy allows continuing education and building the life of dream, but it will be a heavy burden on the teenager’s soul and may lead to infertility. Although the fourth option offers the opportunity to study and be close to the child, the girl will still move away from him and will not become a full-fledged mother. Thus, any choice carries positive and negative consequences with which the girl then has to live. The Values Influencing Decision and the Best Option Speaking about the values that can influence this decision, it is worth mentioning religious and cultural ones. In general, any religion prohibits abortion; any culture is against murder. My inner convictions also rank the third alternative as the most inappropriate. According to my values, education and career are significant parts of life, but a child is not a toy that can be taken, left, or even broken. A frightened teenage girl may try to terminate the pregnancy without informing other people because of a period of “risk-taking behaviors and social-affective sensitivity” (Van Hoorn et al., 2019, p. 129). However, her decision will also affect the child’s father, who has a right to know
Abstract The title of the article gives a clear idea of the research question to be investigated. It is clearly and meaningfully worded to give readers a clear picture of the study. The first author works in the Emergency Department of Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. The second author works in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care. Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. The last author works in the Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. The authors have expertise in emergency cases involving pulmonary and respiratory conditions. The study reviewed randomised controlled trial articles that were obtained via online searches (Brenner, Corbridge & Kazzi, 2009). A total of 5 randomised controlled trials were reviewed on intubation, but no trial was considered on mechanical ventilation. Introduction The authors of his article did not state any study hypothesis or question. They mentioned the intensity of the problem in their introductory paragraphs. However, they did not address the significance of studying or reviewing the data for intubation and mechanical ventilation of acute asthmatic patients. The investigators did not give any predictions before doing the reviews. Evidence-based study reviews need to have the significance of the studies, and clear predictions of the outcome. This was a big shortcoming on the part of the authors. Several studies have been carried out to investigate
For many centuries young girls and women have been considered inferior, the second rate citizens and as they grew up the mentality that that they are mediocre and mainly they would not do much to lift themselves. The girl child from history has been taught that their main agenda in life is to give birth and on reaching the age of thirteen they are considered as a liability. All this has changed with the evolution of time. The women have been gradually rising up and learning about their rights and taking up their position to make a change in the society. The self willed women have strongly and successfully empowered the other women and have profited the community culturally, politically and well heightening the levels of economy. Women have been working hard and in many cases more than the men and have aggressively tried to cub gender discrimination so as to give women an equal opportunity with the men. Powerful organizations have been sanctioned e.g. United Nations Women‘s Treaty. It is under such a foundation that girls are growing protected from the deformation of the unfair society and are making strong women to lead in the future. Religion has also played a very big part that has contributed to bring up great community, the teachings and lessons help create self confident and have resulted to great woman sensitizing about their right and gender equality. The film that has its foundation of creation based on the actual strike that happened in opposition to the kingdom of Zinc Mine in Mexico, it closely deals with the discrimination and the injustice against the Mexican-American miners. Their strike was a cry of equality so as they could achieve wage parity with their fellow miners in other mines and also to be treated with respect as their workers (‘Salt of the Earth’). The film heightens the women participants (miner’s wives) in this village as they play a very important role in the success of the strike and the formation of a new era in that village. Although the major chauvinism was coming from the outside they reached the victory of oppression when they learnt that prejudice was not only imposed from the exterior but was also found amongst them and thus they learnt to live with themselves (‘Salt of the Earth’). On the other hand, the 1980 Ruba Rich produced film, Coming to the portrait of Teresa , is a great art of work in trying to describe a woman that is needed to have different characters to fit in, in the different society that she feels she can handle despite the victimization from the husband who is not thrilled by the guts her wife has (‘Coming to the portrait of Teresa’). Despite her duties as a wife she wants to do more beyond being a wife and a mother. She makes a serious attempt to cub the epidemic that is rising in her community of men, not accepting that women can get completion in other things like jobs and careers other than finding the right man and settling for marriage. Teresa who was merely working in a textile company to make ends meet but she wants more, she bravely makes her way into an amateur dancing group for her satisfaction. Her husband is ne
The quality of life measures economic development after accessing the internal components of the economy. The second student does not understand that quality of life has its share of limitations as a measure of economic development. Similarly, the first student fails to understand that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the external and internal components of the economy. Several countries use the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) to measure the quality of life by assessing citizen’s health, economic, environmental, and social factors. GPI fails to consider external components like exports, which are instrumental in a country’s economic status. Nevertheless, GDP as a measure of economic development in a country fails to distinguish economic transactions contributing to the well being of the economy and those diminishing it. Generally, the two are measures of economic development with merits and demerits. The Effects of China’s Development on Various Countries China’s current state of development is phenomenal. Financial incentives and technological development necessitate the progress witnessed in China. Asian countries are beneficiaries of this rise because of their proximity to the economic giant. Countries like the Philippines, Hong Kong, and India have a similar repute because of their recent rise in the economic realm. On the other hand, hitherto economic and political powers like the United States of America face uncertainty regarding their fate in the economic world. Similar to North America, Europe is appalled by the rise of China in the economic domain. Unless these countries adopt relevant measures, the odds of China dominating the economic world are high. Nevertheless, the meteoric rise of China has positive effects on trade in the aforementioned regions. Competition from China will lead to the production of quality goods. Economic Progress in Brazil Brazil has channeled most funds to improve infrastructure. This has fostered economic growth. Through growth acceleration plans, the country has formulated a number of projects to develop and enhance infrastructure. Another factor propelling Brazil to higher economic heights is the amelioration of inequality and poverty. This has been a core component of policy goals formulated by economic agents in Brazil. Through the World Bank, Brazil has adopted ways to emancipate most of its citizens from the throes of poverty. Brazil has eradicated trade restrictions and modernized the import system. Institutional reforms have led to economic progress in Brazil. Brazil’s judicial system has been subject to nu
Overview of the Project Introduction Sam Walton established Wal-Mart in 1962. The company that is headquartered in Bentonville in Arkansas has been struggling to maintain the industry’s leadership due to the increasing competition from other organizations such as Target. Walton Company owns 48 percent of shares, thus making it the main owner. Wal-Mart appeared in the New York stock exchange in 1972. The company accounts for 51 percent of greengrocers sold in the US (Keil & Spector, 2005, p.336). Wal-Mart is an incredible organization for basing a project plan. It has been facing a number of challenges, which have psychological perspectives tied to them. Such challenges are labor and employee relations. Enhancing good labor relations within an organization requires one to have cognitions of the factors that influence people’s behaviors such as decisions to seek employment from competing organizations within the same industry. Wal-Mart employs over 2.2 million people across the globe, thus making it the leading employer in the US (Keil & Spector, 2005, p.336). It has been experiencing increased lawsuits by employees. The organization also encounters challenges of high turnover rates akin to poor job satisfaction among other factors. According to Harris (2011), labor turnover in the organization is about 70 percent annually (p.17). Lawsuits are filed by employees in relation to claims of poor conditions of working, insufficient provision of healthcare coverage, anti-union policies deployed by the organization to curb strikes, and complaints of low wages (Ingram, Qingyuan & Hayagreeva, 2010, p.63). Upon considering the contribution of Wal-Mart in lowering unemployment levels, it is crucial to conduct a research to determine how to improve employee retention rates. Benefits of the Project to Wal-Mart Organizations endeavor to resolve challenges that influence their performance to develop the capacity to fight competitively with rival organizations. Solutions are best implemented when the root causes of problems are known. For Wal-Mart, the establishment of the root causes of employees’ behavior is an important step in restoring their confidence to the organization as opposed to challenging the employees in a court of law. In this regard, the findings of this project are important for Wal-Mart. Through this project, findings on the effectiveness of motivation and empowerment approaches deployed by the company are helpful in aiding Wal-Mart to identify the missing links in the satisfaction of employees Control at Wal-Mart may result in increased turnover. Such controls include the hindrance of the free engagement of employees with the organization to address their concerns through unions. The controls make the organization non-democratic. Investigating the perception of employees on the hindrances of unionization is beneficial to the organization. It provides an opportunity to learn about the implications of non-democratic management approaches to the ability to use employees in building a competitive advantage for the organization. Controls may also hinder employees from creating and innovating ways of doing tasks in a manner that woul
Money has been used as a medium of exchange for goods and services such as cars, vacations, and food among many others. Many people say that money can buy anything including love and happiness and other abstract things. This view has however been disagreed by a majority in various contexts. Various approaches have been used to find the reality of such claims and the findings show that money though cannot buy happiness so directly, one can buy personal therapists, pay to train in developing brain capacity and anger management skills among others. This has made money so attractive as human beings put more emphasis on the probability of improving one’s lifestyle and general status. It is noted however that even rich people may admire some things which they have no access to or cannot simply acquire by the use of money. These include friendship, love, and family and so, money is found to be irrelevant to them as they cannot satisfy their every need. People can venture into businesses that they know they are good at and those that meet the needs of people. Through motivation, people work to meet their goals and interests. Being objective in meeting this goal is a guarantee to the probability of financial success. Money is made when one is employed, in professional jobs, or business owner and as an investor. Money comes with a lot of work, pain, and suffering but the result is accumulated wealth. This should be the joy and relief for the energy, sweat and tears that people put their efforts into for so long and after all they can reap great wealth and financial stability. Money improves the financial standards of the people and makes life better when people have access to it. They can buy good moments of happiness through entertainment, vacations and in outdoor activities that enhance the good living practices. However, money cannot buy happiness itself but happiness comes as an effort at a personal level and dedication for those that wish to enjoy it. Money is seen as the cause of problems and especially in the minds of emerging market respondents. They associate more money to more problems of life since they have to put all efforts, commitment and thoughts to their financial success. When they get the wealth, they require spending more money to hire security personnel, body guards and ot