ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Scenario   * Esophageal cancer has become one of the main forms of cancers which usually causes a lot of suffering to patients due to immense pain, difficulty in swallowing or dyasphagia and other related symptoms. The latter is mainly caused by the development of esophageal tumors (O’connor, 2011).   * Mr. Jones had a history of esophageal in his family which he was also diagnosed with at the age of 54. However, he was no longer interested in diagnosis since his father also suffered and died from the same ailment.   * However, his wife was concerned about this poor state of health and did not want to give up on searching the best medical treatment.   * Mrs. Jones studied at high school like her husband so she used this knowledge to look for online articles related to management of esophageal cancer (Zhang et al., 2012).   * She had also sought assistance from a nurse at the hospital which she and her husband had been been visiting so that they could find a credible website. Mr. Jones is one of the many Americans who has been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. She has been accompanying her husband to the oncologist’s office to seek advice on treatment and has also sought help from other sources like the internet. However, her education background denies her the ability to determine which source of information or website has credible information related to her husband’s ill-health. Criteria for judging appropriate internet information Zhang et al. (2012) posit that determining appropriate and credible internet information requires a careful evaluation of the website an individual visits. Some of the criteria used for judging internet information include determining the accuracy of the information, the authority of the internet or web document, the currency of the information on the internet, its objectivity and coverage of the required information. Suspect website   * There are numerous websites that offer information on esophageal cancer but do not meet the best criteria for a credible site.   * One of such websites is cancercompass. It offers general information on esophageal cancer but does not have authoritative and comprehensive coverage (Hatt et al., 2012). It is so because it does not have the credentials of authors so to gain further information, a person has to log in or become its member. Credible website   * There are numerous credible websites where one can obtain information related to esophageal health.   * The website . It adheres to all the criteria for a credible website as already discussed(Kahrilas, 2011). Besides, information presented is comprehensive and can be used by both families of patients and health professionals.
Introduction The theory of recollection was derived by Plato about Socrates. According to this theory, a person is born knowing everything and they don’t necessarily need to be taught for them to obtain knowledge. This is based on the beliefs of Socrates whereby a soul is believed to be immortal, it is hence born again and again and possesses all knowledge about the outer and underworld things. What happens is that a person is reminded of what they knew before. As a confirmation to this, a relation is made on Meno’s paradox which states that a man can not be taught anything since they are all-knowing. In this paper, we will focus on how the theory is approved or disapproved. Socrates “elenchus” and Meno’s slave “Theory of Recollection” Socrates carried on an experiment to prove that his theory of recollection was true. In this simple experiment, he used a square diagram that measures two centimeters on the sides. He explained to the boy that the square diagram would give a total area of four square centimeters and asked him which measurements would give double the area, i.e. eight square centimeters. After some time of reasoning, the boy confidently said that the measurements of the squares will also have to be doubled i.e. to be four centimeters each. After rethinking again about the answer that he gave and discovering that it was wrong, he was agitated. Socrates hence justified his theory that the boy automatically knew without necessarily being told that the answer he had given was wrong. This is an implication that he had some knowledge about the answer without necessarily being told and only needed to be guided through the correct procedure of affirming what he knew. Looking at the argument, it may not necessarily mean that the boy had not had prior knowledge of the same. The reason that made the boy rethink the answer that he gave was probably that he did a quick calculation that disapproved the same. The fact that we were not told about whether the boy had had some previous mathematical knowledge that enabled him to do some arithmetic leaves us with the assumption that he had some knowledge of the same. It may not be conclusive to say it was the knowledge that he knew way before he was a human being but the knowledge he acquired in school. However, science tells us that a person is born with a brain that develops as they grow up. They are certain things that a person doesn’t need to be taught. For instance, nobody teaches a child to cry when it is born. It becomes automatic that when the baby notices the environmental changes, they feel uncomfortable and start to cry. However, what Socrates is implying here may not necessaril
Introduction Fashion though by definition could mean style or trend is also very much synonymous to change. Thus, in the clothing or apparel industry – which is one of the most apparent and universal manifestations of fashion—everything is time sensitive. Seasons dictate the trend, celebrities can create the boom and things just come and go. In this clearly “ever-changing” industry, procurement and project management is an inevitable big business hump that needs to be smoothly passed through. Thus, this paper aims to look at the processes involved in procurement and project management within the fashion retail industry and also investigate on how a clearance market can possibly ease the burdens of excess inventory while increasing the revenues from stocks. Discussion Fashionably in Business : The industry and emerging trends Considered to be one of the most colorful, exciting, dynamic and fast-paced industries of the times, fashion goods, remain to be a booming business worldwide. In 2006, Italian luxury fashion goods accounted for about 26 billion Euros, notwithstanding the adverse economic cycle of the last few years. Glamour aside, this financial prospect makes the industry very much attractive especially in expanding brands and building sustainability. (Brun, Caniato,Caridi, 2006) Perhaps, even how fashion as an industry evolved from being “elitist” to more accessible has largely contributed to its catapulting success. “Fashion trends also affirm themselves in a spontaneous way in accordance to the Zeitgeist, i.e. the spirit of the age prevailing at the given moment. Traditionally, a polarization can be observed in the fashion industry: some companies choose to operate in the mass market, selling low cost products that are available to a large number of consumer, whilst other companies are aiming at providing exclusive and expensive products to an elitist segment of consumer” (Brun,Caniato, Caridi, 2008) This occurrence somehow became a significant element in the growth of the business and in even how the market is reacting. In fact globally, more and more people are becoming “fashion conscious”. The advent of the metro-sexual or the term coined for heterosexual men who are more strongly concerned in their appearance (clothing, looks, etc) is in fact a big and emerging market share for fashion retailers. What’s Hot and What’s Not : Fashion Retail Problems M. Karakul’s 2008 article “Joint Pricing and Procurement of Fashion Products in the Existence of a Clearance Market published in the International Journal of Production Economics, cites that in the apparel industry, the dilemma of always balancing supply and demand is a normal phenomenon. That the fashion retail industry is very time-sensitive. With a major change happening at the onset of every seaso
In every hiring process, it is important to consider various factors that would enhance choosing candidates that would add value to the organization. In this case, both competence and diversity should be encouraged, not only for complying with legal requirement, but also for enhancing reputation of organization. In the case of Lauren Rice, she should hire the Hispanic candidate instead of the Black candidate in order to enhance diversity. Since the department has a significant representation of Black employees, it would be prudent and legal to enhance diversity by considering minority communities that are not represented. Indeed, hiring the Hispanic candidate would not be discriminatory or illegal, as he is equally qualified and would add value to the department. Apart from legal obligation, hiring the Hispanic would be ideal due to various benefits that arise from diversity including enhancement of connection with customers, employee motivation, employee innovation, retention of competent employees, and continuous quality improvement (Jayne and Dipboye 414-415). Hiring a person based on race or any other person-specific factor is illegal even when it is intended to bolster diversity (Roush 14). In addition, hiring a person from a race that is not represented in the community in which the company operates may be a problem. Therefore, race should be integrated in the hiring process through an effective hiring strategy. One way to consider race is to apply the bona fide occupational qualification (or BFOQ) procedure (Craig 37), especially where only people from a specific race could specifically handle the job or business in question. For instance, in drama, it would be prudent to consider race based on the cast or role a person would play without being accused of discrimination. Additionally, race should be considered by embracing non-traditional hiring process and reaching out to communities that are not represented through a diversity pipeline program. This could be through organizing fairs in targeted races or informal head hunting for competent candidates even before an opening arises, without resorting to discrimination or breach of legal requirements. For instance, a company may entrust community-based organizations, churches, or colleges to connect people from such communities to the company. A company may make use of referrals from existing employees who would introduce competent candidates of diverse races to the company. One recommendation for a company seeking to enhance diversity legally is to apply the requirements of Equal Opportunity Employment Act, where it has to consider all applicants based on qualification without discriminating them against race
Study of Company A Corus Steel was formed in 1999 as a merger of British Steel and Koninklijke Hoogovens. This company had a strong presence in the UK and the European markets. This was dented by the Mittal Steel takeover of the Acelor. Acelor was a major European player while Mittal had a strong presence in the UK as well as in Asian and American markets. Their merger dented the market share held by Corus as well as a threat to Tata Steel in the growing Asian market. Presence of Corus in the UK found its market dented in the UK, Europe and its presence in the Latin American, Asia, South Asia, Middle East and Africa. These were major geographical zones that Corus was working in. Corus manufactures specialty steel for Aerospace, Automotive, Consumer products, Construction, Defense, Energy, Rail, Ship building, Engineering, Packaging and yellow Goods. They had to consolidate their position at the same time and that might be a hard fight against Mittal – Arecelor particularly after the take over of Ar
Many historians reckon the twentieth century to be a period of civilization. The world underwent major social, economic, and political changes shaping its current state. In America, there were numerous changes taking place. This was the period when America was actively engaged in war and social alterations. Form the war in Japan to the Vietnamese war, and many other political modifications, these changes destined to cross over into the 1970s and 1980s. For example, civil movements increased in the 1970s. Here, women sought to be heard, and their views channeled into development. On the other hand, Americans became more disillusioned towards their government, and environmental conservation techniques became a talk of the day. Technologically, America made a big stride over space explorations and more advances in computer hardware and its applications. Nevertheless, these political and social changes of the 1960s flourished in 1970s and marked a new era of political and social change. American culture continued to flourish despite so
What is the most important point/claim the authors are making? The most important point that the authors are claiming is how the poor people manage to survive without lacking anything, yet they have an average of two dollars per day as income when averaged over the given period of time. These earnings are not made daily but are those averaged over a period of time. The other claim is also on how the poor are able to manage their meager incomes, especially the various complex ways in which they are able to survive in the days when they have no income in comparison to the other days when they make more than enough income. These methods enable them to acquire their basic needs as well as sound financial security at the moment. How credible is the evidence backing up their most important claim? The evidence backing up their most important claim is very credible since they were able to construct the financial diaries after spending time with the poor households from Hamid and Khadeja in Bangladesh, Thembi in South Africa, and The Feizal of India. The authors did their interviews twice every month for a period of one full year and thus were able to follow and capture the minute details of how these people survived despite their lack of enough financial muscle after creating more than two hundred financial diaries. What is the most important policy implication of the book? The most important policy implementation is that this report can help governments come up with policies that can help the poor in society to be able to sustain themselves, access Medicare, access lower interest loans, and furthermore educate them on the relevance of taking loans after they have spent their savings and not taking loans yet they have saved on their bank account. The government can also formulate sound financial policies that prohibit paying of interest on savings. This will enable people to manage their financial wellbeing soundly.
Introduction The number of industries and business institutions are increasing day in day out. To maintain all the organizations in the market, their management must be well structured. These companies usually give out some by-products which when released into the environment could cause problems to the community as well as the environment. This thus lays a responsibility for institutions to look at ways to solve and prevent this problem. There are some corporations which have branches in various parts of the world. This implies that their responsibilities are spread in various parts of the world. The world is gradually becoming a global village. This is attributed to factors such as improved technology making
The newspapers article on Time World Magazine “Why Did Charles de Gaulle Take a Fall?” (Crumley, May 30, 2004) is set to uncover the cause of the collapse of Charles de Gaulle airport in France. The article does not provide any details as to why the building came crumbling a few months after its completion. Suggestive pieces of writing need to begin with an informative history of an item and then proceed to possible causes and then narrow down to the highly probable ones. The quality issue is that the article fails to connect the reasons why the airport terminal crumbled. The first paragraph of the writer explores a brief construction history of the airport and paragraph two quickly switches to the consequences of the terminal collapse. This leaves a gap in what happened during the fall. Moreover, no substantive witness accounts and structural engineer reports are in use to give the piece depth of analysis. One of the quality tools that can be used to eliminate the problem is the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. It calculates the number of years of education one needs to understand a piece of writing. This is an analysis tool that tests a journalist’s competence and also gauges the audience’s comprehension of the written material. Through it, the article may be evaluated on the premise of whether it meets the intended reader’s expectation. Another tool of importance is the editorial excellence inventory which aids newspapers to monitor and measure news content. It works through a scorecard on performance objectives met by the editor over time. This creates a track of factors that improve or decrease readership. The combined use of the two tools encapsulates the entire process of journalism from information gathering to dissemination thereby analyzing every step of news production. To deal with the problem identified in the article, first, it would be paramount to construct an apt title for the article, after which comparative paragraphs are written to relate the provided proof and the title of the writing. The article on The Wall Street Journal “Shanghai Building Collapses, Nearly intact” (Canave s , June 29, 2009) is a concise article that recounts the event of the tragic collapse of the apartment block in China Shangai province. The article fails to register a chronology of the events that led to the plummeting of the structure despite its precise format. This distorts how the information consumption by the reader and breaks the flow of the story. The first paragraph mode of writing is in an analytical form instead of prose reporting that introduces the context of the story. The quality issue is the lack of flow in the storyline from the pre-events of the disaster to the aftermath of the accident. To solve the above-stated problem, tools for evaluating information relevance are to be employed. Source data can be evaluated using Pareto analysis t
Introduction This essay will analyze the article “New media and political communication in Asia: a critical assessment of research on media and politics”. It will analyze this article through questions. The rationale for carrying out this study as provided by the author is to evaluate research on the relationship between latest media and political contacts in Asian communities. The study evaluates the situation of discipline of political contacts and increases awareness on the role and effect of media in state affairs. The author further states that previous investigations have acknowledged the effect of media on distinct features of political life in community with the Asian community being the top leader. Based on these previous investigations, the study evaluates the late media and political contact in Asian communities. It was to examine this late media and political contacts in the Asian community to offer an experimental analysis of the development and matters dealing with research based on Asian political contacts. This was to offer new guidelines for future investigations (Wimmer & Dominick 1987 p. 112). A hypothesis is an official and definite statement about a predicted association between two variables. It is usually tested as to whether it is right or wrong. A research question, on the other hand, is an official stated query aimed at providing an initiative (Willnat & Aw 2009 p. 422). The main research question in this study is whether American researchers control late media and political contact investigation in Asia. The other research question is on the most common paradigm in articles dealing with late media and political contacts in Asia that were printed between the period 1988-2008 in key communication journals. Epistemology is a term used to refer to the premise of knowledge. The epistemologies used in this study include objectivism and subjectivism. In objectivism, the researcher attempts to find out the absolute truth concerning the research topic. In subjectivism, the research bases his results depending on the community perceptions regarding his area of study. Research paradigms refer to the complete constellation of values, beliefs, and methods shared by society members. It provides researchers with a contextual structure for observing and making logic of the study subject. Paradigms used in research control the manner in which queries are asked, the techniques used the principle for what is recognized as data and the measures for assessing the strength of knowledge assertions. The research paradigms used in this study include systems
Introduction Modern educators focus on finding the most appropriate and effective means to teach students and guarantee the active teaching and learning processes. In this case, the developed information and communication technologies (ICT) provide a lot of possibilities to plan and implement the effective teaching and learning methods and techniques. The sphere of ICT develops quickly, and today there is a range of technologies which can be successfully used in the everyday learning process at school and university. From this perspective, educators choose to integrate ICT into the teaching process because of a variety of advantages associated with the usage of contemporary technologies (Simon & Nemeth, 2012). Thus, different ICT which are available for educators can be successfully used to enhance the learning process, to stimulate students’ skills and abilities, to develop motivation, and to improve students’ performance. It is necessary to pay attention to the effectiveness of using such game-oriented ICT as multi-touch systems and such ICT as vodcasts in different age groups. Although the representatives of various age groups perceive the information presented with the help of ICT in a different way, the levels of the students’ performance and motivation can be discussed as high, and this fact allows speaking about the effectiveness of using different ICT in education. To conclude about the effectiveness of using ICT in the learning and teaching processes, it is necessary to focus on such aspects as the impact of using ICT on students’ learning and motivation, perception, and performance. The Impact of Different ICT on Students’ Learning and Motivation There is no single idea in relation to the effect of ICT on students’ learning and motivation because of impossibility to state strictly about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of traditional teaching methods. ICT are actively used by educators in order to make the material presented more understandable and interesting for students and to stimulate their certain activities. From this point, ICT are used in their combination with the traditional teaching methods and techniques (Ardito et al., 2013). Moreover, appropriate ICT can be selected according to the needs of the age group, topic of the planned activities, and the objective set by an educator. Thus, to achieve the education goals in primary and secondary schools, it is effective to orient to the game activities. Modern ICT provide the opportunity to discuss a game as a part of the learning process. Different types of material can be presented to students in various ways. The form of the game based o