ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Karuna in its simplest meaning stands for compassion. All the major religions of the world do stress on compassion as an essential quality of a good human being. But this word is given more importance in the religions of the east like Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism, especially in the case of Buddhism and Jainism. Karuna in this context means any action that is taken for the benefit and well being of others. In other words it could be termed as ‘compassionate action’. “Karuna means compassion, tenderness and devoted action to alleviate suffering.” (Karuna Centre for Yoga and Healing Arts). The purpose of this paper is to study the concept of karuna in Buddhism and its relevance to the two major sects in that religion namely Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism. It is to be noted that karuna was an important element in the early stages of Buddhism also. It formed a part of the four immeasurable attitudes known as the Brahma-Viharas or Divine Abidings. They are, loving kindness or metta, compassion or karuna, sympathetic joy or mudita, and equanimity or upekkha. The importance of karuna can be seen from the fact that it comes second in the list. These are essentially four states that the mind can achieve through right meditation. All these four attributes are said to have positive qualities that has to be directed towards the self, towards the family, the community that the practitioner lives in and the universe as a whole in that order. It should also include all enemies and even person one hates. Theravada Buddhism is in reality what is left from the early teachings and schools of Buddha. It is also known as the ‘Southern Buddhism’ because of its impact on countries south of India like Thailand, Cambodia and Laos. Karuna in Theravada Buddhism is a part of the four attributes mentioned above. Unlike Mahayana Buddhism which lays more stress on action, the Theravada school relies on meditation to achieve these states. The first step to achieving compassion as well as all the other three attributes, a person has to exercise will power and try to be impartial. But this alone is not enough. The next step is methodical mediation which will help to achieve the above mentioned four sublime states. This in turn will help the person to achieve jhana or meditative absorption. The meditative process starts with thinking about compassion with reference to the self or the person doing the meditation himself. Then it should expand to others whom the person doing the meditation loves and respects, like a teacher. Next comes persons who are loved like near and dear ones. Then it should extend to people who have no relationships whatsoever. Finally it should embrace one’s enemies and hated people. Once this ha
Leaders of large companies must constantly develop internal processes. This allows them to have a beneficial effect on both employees and customers. As a result, all these stakeholders are satisfied and more willing to cooperate, shop, work, and perform other activities (Riggio, 2013). Southwest Airlines is an outstanding example of an organization with streamlined processes and a healthy corporate culture. However, there is always room for improvement, so the current state of affairs can be changed for the best. One of the problems to be addressed is the lack of a formal union-management structure of consultation and representation processes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss ways to address this issue and improve the company. In this case, the company’s management structure acts as an Independent Variable, and the number of issues resolved by the unions is a Dependent Variable. Thus, this study hypothesizes that the organization’s existing governance structure can fine-tune processes so that unions tackle more issues with better results. This is essential for the company’s development and prosperity, as it allows employees to influence processes from the inside. They see weaknesses and come up with ways to address them, thereby improving the functioning of various areas of Southwest Airlines’ operations. To conduct the research, it is necessary to study the organization’s current structure and collect complete information about the work of the unions. Probably, already now in other departments of the company, interaction has been established in one way or another. Therefore, these developments can be useful for this case. After that, based on this information, it will be possible to create a unified system of communication with company managers and develop rules for interaction. This system will need to be tested across all stakeholders and run to achieve maximum satisfaction for each. To gather information about the current state of affairs, it is necessary to examine the interaction between leaders and representatives of the unions. To do this, one can communicate with these people personally, having previously compiled a questionnaire, and study the documents that record past appeals and subsequent changes. This will allow us to find out at what stage of development the interaction is now. After that, we can create a survey for all stakeholders. It should include questions about how communication between leaders and unions is organized and what changes are needed. Thus, we will better know the strengths and weaknesses and find new ideas. It will be useful to study competitors’ experiences, for example, by collecting data on the Internet. This will speed up the process of developing an interactive system and avoid the mistakes of other companies. I assume that this work’s result may be the development of a unique system of inquiries from unions to the managers of Southwes
There is a scenario according to which one nurse notices how another nurse practitioner writes a prescription for a narcotic for her husband, who is not a patient of this nurse. It is necessary to decide if the former nurse has to report on the latter nurse in this situation regarding the existing legal and ethical considerations. Drug Enforcement Administration (2017) defines a nurse as a mid-level practitioner who is permitted by the United States “to dispense a controlled substance in the course of professional practice” (para. 38). However, each state has its own peculiarities concerning a prescribing process. For example, in New Jersey, an advanced practice nurse has the right to prescribe medications under appropriate settings, including the collaboration with a physician, a standing order, and mentioning all necessary information about the patient (“Senate, No. 1282”, 2016). Similar conditions are mentioned in the legislation in such states as Texas and Arkansas. In the case study under consideration, not much information is given about the awareness of a physician about this prescription. Therefore, it is legally inappropriate to report on this case. Certain ethical and practical issues have to be taken into consideration. For example, there can be a lack of a clinical indication for prescribing a medication (Arcangelo & Wilbur, 2017). The nurse who prescribes the drug is aware of the main complaints of the patient and the specific issues of his health condition due to the fact that they are the closest relatives. Taking this fact into consideration, it is possible to say that the nurse does not break any ethical regulations from the point of view of the relations between a medical worker and a patient. At the same time, a serious conversation should occur between the two nurses under analysis. It is necessary to remind the nurse who prescribes the narcotic about possible outcomes and changes in health. Besides, a pharmacist is responsible for drug disposal and may notice the same names of the patient and the nurse and pose some questions that may lead to additional investigations and new reports (Mistry, Santaniello, & Spooner, 2017). In general, in this situation, there are four stakeholders, including a nurse who notices, a nurse practitioner who writes a prescription, a patient, and a pharmacist who will be responsible for further implementation of a drug. The consequences of this action depend on the state where this case occurs and the behavior of a pharmacist. For example, in New Jersey, a strict opioid prescribing law has been recently offered and approved (O’Shea, 2017). Opioid prescr
Introduction The island of Cape Breton is located along the coast of northern America. It is a constituent of the province of Nova Scotia in Canada (Dronet 12). The island has four counties namely: Inverness, Richmond, Victoria and cape Breton. In the recent past, this island has experienced a sharp reduction in population. However, the most remarkable thing is the eternal presence of the Acadian way of life. The Acadian culture is predominantly visible in Cape Breton (Dronet 13). The cultural practices in the Acadian culture have managed to stand the test of time. It is common for ancient cultures to fade away with time. However, the people of Cape Breton have managed to retain various aspects of the Acadian culture. This is evident in their music, dance, art, farming, cuisine, and other cultural practices. Discussion The Acadian culture has an impressive array of inherent components that define it. These components have specific characteristics that make them unique. They clearly set the Acadian culture apart from other cultures (Dronet 17). Of importance to historians and researchers is the fact that these aspects of the Acadian culture have managed to remain relevant to the contemporary world. This fact makes the Acadian culture unique because majority of traditional cultures have been diluted by western values that are anchored on modern civilization (Szivos 22). One aspect of the Acadian culture that has remained relevant is music. It is arguably the most relevant and vibrant aspect of the Acadian culture. Before the dawn of the internet revolution, musical instruments were an integral part of Acadian households. Acadian musical instruments include guitar, fiddle, and organ (Szivos 24). Over the years, Acadian people have propagated their music by ensuring that it passes on to emerging generations through oral instruction and active participation (Szivos 25). The Acadian music is rich in poetry, knowledge, and philosophy. Besides, their music is humorous and spiritual. The Acadian music is usually simple and based on topical issues that are rich in cultural heritage (Szivos 27). Mostly, their music is used to pass and communicate vital cultural information to young generations. Acadian music is composed depending on the mood of the occasion (Salzman 14). There are songs that are composed for different occasions such as: sleeping time, showing love and affection, narrating historical events, giving counsel to the young and keeping people happy and motivated while working. The Acadian music constitutes various styles. They include: reels, waltz dance, two-step dance, and the quadrille dance (Salzman 16). These types of music are known to inspire people into taking dancing seriously. It is important to note that in Acadian culture, music goes together with dance. In fact, Acadians use dance as a way to express their rich musical heritage. Dance has become one of the most accepted and common avenues for expressing the rich Acadian cultural identity. Most of these songs were formulated by the e
Heise, L.L. (1998). Violence against women: An integrated, ecological framework. Sage Journals Online, 4 , 262–290. This paper by Heise explains details the causes of domestic violence and classifies them as individual, relationship, community or society influences. She proceeds to illustrate how these determinants are interlinked and how they work together in the influence of domestic violence. She gives particular focus on the social and traditional aspects of the community that heavily contribute to the eruption and sustenance of violence against women in households. She also clearly demonstrates using facts and figures how the economic status of both women and men contribute to this vice. Pourreza, A., Batebi, A., & Moussavi, P. (2004). A survey about knowledge and attitudes of people towards violence against women in community family settings. Iranian Public Health Journal, 33 (2), 33–37. This report clearly illustrates the magnitude of violence against women especially in developing nations. The influence of religion and extreme cultural practices has been properly covered as an aspect of gender based violence. The report uses empirical data collected directed from affected households as well as from the communities in which these households are entrenched. The strongpoint of this report is that it clearly illustrates the genesis of domestic violence and shows how members of society in marginalized societies contribute to this vicious cycle. It also demonstrates how ignorance and lack of knowledge by both men and women (where rights of women are concerned) plays a vital part in the sustenance of domestic violence. Renzetti, C., & Bergen, R.K. (2005). Violence against women. Maryland, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. Claire Renzetti and Raquel Bergen clearly detail the various reasons that lead to the emergence of violence against women and give an explanation of why it has come to be regarded as a social problem. In the part 1 of the book, Renzetti and Bergen explain the various manifestations of violence against women. Part 2 of the book which has actually been one of the most useful references for this report is an explanation of institutional responses to violence against women. This book was very ideal for the topic because it presents well researched statistical data and the examples used are from a real life perspective. Steinmetz, S.K., & Straus M.A. (Eds.). (1974). Violence in the family . New York, NY: Harper & Row. In this book, the causes of violence in the family and particularly gender based violence have been critically highlighted. Various incidents have been used to illustrate and support the causes detailed in the book. The book is properly detailed and has a chapter dedicated to civil and criminal liability in assaults against women. Even more incisive is the fact that the authors clearly show why households in low economic areas are more vulnerable to such acts of violence than those in we
It is by no doubt that the success of a business enterprise depends on a number of key factors that ought to be put into consideration. We are living in information age where economies are driven by crucial information technology. In fact, start-ups that flourish from the early stage have to set up or establish robust information technologies in place. In particular, creative industries have a lot at stake if they are to succeed and outwit market competition. Various complex challenges experienced in the modern global economies may as well be turned into opportunities for business growth and development. For instance, a highly competitive market structure is a vivid indication that innovation should follow (Duggan 88). In other words, innovative solutions are needed out there all the time. Leading creative effort towards innovation might be a toll order to some organizational leadership because it demands thorough commitment. Contrary to the popular belief that innovation originates from genius minds, it is vital to mention that it takes effort of team leaders and the wider organizational workforce to bring innovation to light. This does not rule out the fact that talent management comes in handy in innovation. Perhaps, Organizational leaders should approach innovation as social architects and not social visionaries since any piece of innovation combines several ideas from different talented minds. Leading a team of creative workers can be even more challenging if innovation is to be applied. In any case, teams have to put their minds together, deliberate on the matter at hand and eventually come up with functional solution. The final product of a task being executed by a team is the most important attribute. Hence, successful innovative teams can only be proud of their inputs after assessing the final product. Numerous examples of successful and innovative organizations exist just as we have those entities that have failed in the marketplace. Nonetheless, successful organi
Problem statement, research questions, and hypotheses The proposed study explores views of female offenders and parole/probation officers on their interactions. The hypotheses of this research are the following:  1. Negative attitudes of parole/probation officers and their use of punitive styles contribute to the development of anxiety and depression in female offenders.  2. The development of proper relationships between parole/probation officers and women offenders helps the latter avoid reoffending.  3. Parole/probation officers’ negative attitudes can result from their bias, workload, and insufficient training. To address the first hypothesis, it is necessary to elicit female offenders’ views on the effects of their interaction with parole/probation officers focusing on negative experiences. The second hypothesis can be addressed by exploring women offenders’ positive experiences associated with their interactions with parole/probation officers. It is essential to ask females about cases when parole/probation officers’ recommendations, attitudes, and so on, helped them avoid engaging in illegal activities. The third hypothesis can be addressed through the discussion of the work experiences of parole/probation officers. These professionals can share their views on female offenders and reasons for their reentering, the officers’ workload, some organizational values, and their opinions regarding training (whether they need it or not). Two significant stakeholders are female offenders and parole/probation officers, as the interaction between these groups is the focus of the proposed study. Data collection An evidence-based approach to the criminal justice sphere has become a norm, and researchers try to use sound analysis methods to implement their research (Donaldson, 2009). Some think that quantitative data and the use of such methods as experiments, surveys, and observations can be regarded as the necessary background for an effective study. However, there are cases when qualitative data can be more valuable for decision-making (Lewis & McNaughton Nicholls, 2013). Maxfield (2015) also stresses that different cases, areas, and interventions often require other research methods. In this case, the focus is on people’s attitudes, which makes the qualitative design preferable. The hypotheses mentioned above are associated with people’s views on specific issues, so qualitative data will help the researcher address the hypotheses. The data collection method that can help the researcher elicit people’s ideas are surveys, questionnaires, and interviews (Maxfield, 2015). At that, interviews enable the researcher to collect more data as compared to the methods mentioned above. The semi-structured interview is the method that helps create the necessary atmosphere for sharing ideas. The participants will be willing to answer questions that seem to be a part of a conversation rather than an element of inte
Financial relations A financial relationship is still necessary at Bravado. This is because banks can be a good source of short term financial assistance. Bravado might need to call upon their help at some point. Thus, it is necessary to maintain good credit ratings. However, for their long term investments, equity finance is the best option for Bravado (Scarborough, Wilson, & Zimmerer, 2009). This is because no regular interest payments are required by equity holders. Debt finance has to be paid back at regular intervals and with an interest. These conditions may prove difficult to meet for a firm that has barely started breaking even. Bravado can also regulate how much equity finance they would like to raise as opposed to debt finance which is at the discretion of the owner who decides how much to grant. Industrial impact Manufacturing clout means influencing the manufacturer. This comes with the size of purchases made by these manufacturers. Bravado uses the same manufacturer with well-known brands such as Victoria Secrets and La Perla. The two major brands have more negotiating power with the manufacturer than Bravado. This is the reason why Bravado says they have not much manufacturing clout. Economies of scale are the benefits attained by operating on a large scale. In Bravado’s case, it would refer to benefits attained from large scale manufacturing in Mexico. These benefits would include lower costs of production and high quality of goods due to efficiency in manufacturing. These are the benefits that From is out to exploit. Inventory Nordstrom says that the inventory is centralized (Scarborough, Wilson, & Zimmerer, 2009). This means that the entire inventory is found at one location. This is in the case of online stores where virtual stores have unlimited space in which to display their inventory. They can place pictures of all kinds of lingerie on their websites for customers to see. This is unlike normal stores where display space is limited. This can be an advantage to Bravado since customers can easily view their products if they search the website. However, competition with other brands displayed in the same online store is quite high. Impact of exchange rate fluctuations The impact of fluctuating currency exchange rates on Bravado is not surprising. Foreign exchange risk is one of the major risks facing businesses in today’s globalized world. Bravado cannot eliminate this risk as they are an export company. However, there are a few ways to minimize their exposure. The best way would be to invoice their foreign customers in home currency. Customers would be persuaded to pay in Canadian dollars. This transfers the foreign currency risk to the customers completely. Any change in exchange rates would have no impact on Bravado (Scarborough, Wilson, & Zimmerer, 2009). The second option is to negotiate currency forwards and futures with their bank.