ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In his motherland the Negro received a very poor Economic disequilibrium is the description given to a market situation where the supplied volume of goods does not equal the demanded volume at the actual price of the goods or services. Theoretically, an economy is expected to be constant and fully predictable as per the many models and assumptions such models are based on. However, the real side of economic behavior considers market behavior an infinitely elastic entity that experiences continuous disequilibrium whose shifts have a direct effect on the economic behavior of the institution and the general fiscal and monetary planning of a national budget. To national policymakers understanding the economic disequilibrium helps in developing predictability of the market behavior which is important in establishing an operational budget policy that can cope with the disequilibrium particularly by influencing their planning, the demand, and supply behavior in the market. This should be aimed at ensuring some form of stability that will ensure price flexibility, policy mix, and lasting fiscal and monetary policies. Therefore, what concerns especially the policymakers are the causes of the disequilibrium and how they affect the economy. Also by using the different model’s national income should be possible to be fully employed in the economy. There may be no standard way of determining the exact cause of disequilibrium in an economy but from some developed models such as the Keynesian model, it is possible to decipher from the addressed issues in the model as causes of economic disequilibrium. It is notable that market behavior largely depends on demand and supply behavior. The two are crucial in the determination of the interest rates charged on borrowed capital because of their impact on the level of investment. An increase in the supply volume will result in a rise in investment level as well as the domestic product which is accompanied by a reduced interest rate charged on borrowed capital. On the other hand, increased demand especially for money (for investment in the same market) will lead to an increase in the interest rate which impacts the borrowing capacity of the public which in turn leads to reduced domestic expenditure under this contractionary turn in the economy. The cyclic behavior in the shifting experienced in the supply and demand has therefore contributed to the overall disequilibrium in the economy which developed models seek to stabilize with varying success (Handa, 2000 p 309). Whereas monetary policies focus on the supply and circulation of money in the economy, fiscal policies will be focused on the overall national expenditure and also revenue collection mechanisms (Eshag, 1983 p 23-34). The two policies work in tandem to ensure economic stability through the application of contractionary or expansionary policies depending on the market behavior and economic predictions. The policies contribute to economic disequilibrium through the shifts they caus
Introduction This paper compares the positions of three authors on the nature and function of education as brought out in their books. The writer examines the views of Paulsen Gary in the “Hatchet”, Montgomery in “Anne of Green Gables” and Paterson in “The Great Gilly Hopkins” about children’s education. The three writers emphasize the provision of a free learning environment that allows learners to discover the truth for themselves. They argue that this enables children not to be conformists but adjust to the reality that they are aware of. Understanding the world motivates an internal psychological uprising against arising issues. The uprising fosters an attitude of inquiry that allows one to learn more. When one is afraid to question or inquire about what is happening around him or herself, then he can not learn, find the truth or love. Education should serve the function of eradicating the fear that hampers the human ability to think, relate and love. The stories as told in all the books do not relate directly to education as a subject. However, through the behavior of the characters, the proverbs, and the moral teachings contained in the different scenes about the history of Canada and Japan, one can appreciate the educational values contained in the books. Anne of Green Gables The book is based on the story of a couple living on the island of Prince Edward and how they struggle to take care of an impulsive girl called Anne. Montgomery examines real-life concepts such as; children’s obligations, work, children’s play, their desires, and conquest and uses them to explain the nature and function of education to children. The life of Anne is a great motivation and for young readers. she lacks education and appropriate social exposure, but her optimism is more is beyond this as barriers. She is determined and ready to break all odds to learn through mistakes. One outstanding instance that reveals her drive to learn comes in when instead of using vanilla as an ingredient to make a cake, she uses liniment. As pointed out earlier, fear inhibits our ability to explore and learn new concepts in life. Without inquiring and trying to acquire new knowledge, there is no way one can learn. Similar attempts in the same vein included; drowning a mouse in “the plum-pudding source and making a rather ridiculous prayer” (Montgomery, p. 42). As a new girl in Green Gables, Anne did not have any friends until she met Diana. A tragedy occurred when Diana visited Anne and Anne offered her wine instead of tea (Montgomery, p. 120). Diana went home drunk and her mother banned her association with Anne. She had imagined Anne intoxicated Diana. Anne returned to the lonely days spending time alone. At school, Anne meets Gilbert but the two fail to agree right from the first day. Gilbert teased and
Introduction In the business environment, there are a series of ethics that define the moral obligations expected of the business actors. Business ethics are applied in the management and corporate social responsibility to ensure that the business is sustainable in the short and long term since each business operates within the confines of moral obligation. Business ethics are moral obligations that the management of a business should follow in doing business activities. Reflectively, when a business fails to follow these moral ethics, ethical dilemmas are likely to occur and negatively affect such business. Based on the code of ethics, the business environment must be proactive to ensure that the interests of all employees are addressed. Moreover, good business ethics define objectivity and motivation in maintaining trust in providing benefits to employees. This paper will attempt to explicitly examine whether or not it is ethical to issue health insurance surcharge to employees who go against medical advice. Specifically, the paper will focus on issuing health insurance surcharge for employees who continues to smoke and drink against medical advice by examining the ethical dilemmas that might arise when a contrary decision is made. The paper argues that it is ethical to issue health insurance surcharge to an employee who goes against medical advice. Description of the Dilemma An ethical decision can be defined as a decision with a moral and legal appeal to the wider community. The aspect of commitment is a crucial element in examining the ethicality of a decision. In precision, for these decisions to hold and be positively assimilated into the work environment, a series of tests are carried out by gathering facts and incorporating them in defining issues surrounding ethics to test the consciousness in the application. Thirdly, the aspect of competency is critical in separating the premises from assumptions in making ethical decisions. In the case of refusing to issue insurance surcharge to employees suffering from lifestyle ailments and do not respect medical advice, the main ethical dilemma that might arise is a discriminatory work environment. Analysis of Issues The topic of issuing a health insurance surcharge to employees who continue to smoke or drink against medical advice has attracted a great deal of hubbub from different quarters consisting of the protagonists and antagonists of offering insurance benefits to this group. Specifically, the main concern against issuing a health insurance surcharge to such employees is the cost of insurance cover against other competing needs in such organizations. The merits and demerits of issuing a health insurance surcharge to employees who do not heed to medical advice suggest that an alternative decision may lead to a serious ethical dilemma when balancing the rights of these employees and the goals of such organizations. It is almost impossible for companies to discriminate against such employees when the health costs from other diseases are hi
When examining the work of Dennison, it becomes immediately apparent that she focused more on a literal examination of the work rather than examining it from a symbolic perspective. For example, in examining her explanation over the actions of Eveline, it can be seen that she focuses on Eveline’s fear of change and how people have become so used to their surroundings that they tend to desire change but in the end prefer to go about their daily lives in the same manner as before. From my point of view, I believe the character of Eveline is far more complex than what Dennison would have us believe. For me, she is a symbol of how women were like during the time of Joyce. What you have to understand is that from the period of 1882 – 1941, when this short story was created, women lacked the inherent freedom that they take for granted today. At the time they were expected to conform to a particular manner of speaking, talking and acting as evidenced by the general subservience of Eveline toward her father which at the time of Joyce were quite common. Yet, what you have to understand is that many women during this period of time wished to be more than just housewives and mothers. They wanted to be free to pursue a wide range of possible careers, yet it was societal convention that kept such desires at bay. In the short story, it can be seen that Eveline desired freedom as evidenced by her desire to travel, to avoid being like her mother and to experience new things. Such a case example manifested itself in women during the time of Joyce wherein despite the fact that they desired change and attempted many ways to do so in the end they could not act on such desires. The endin
Weeds of National Significance (WoNS) are the plants that have adverse environmental, social and economic impacts (Faithful 2012). Due to their adverse effects, the WoNs require strategic plans and programmes to manage. The weeds differ in their effects, the biological, and ecosystem orientation. Therefore, the management strategy of teach weed is unique. In Australia, there are different types of weeds that are categorised as WoNS (Butler & Sindel 2012). Chilean needle grass with the botanical name Nassela neesiana is one of the WoNS. The grass is very invasive and has negative effects on the environment. The Nassela neesiana is a grass indigenous to Chile, Brazil and Argentina (Australia Weed Committee 2012). The weed is easily to identify during flowering. The heads of the grass are have purple colour. Figure 1 is a photograph of a flowering Chilean needle grass (Hocking 2011). Figure 1: The distinct purple colour of flowering Chilean needle grass. Source: Hocking 2011. In Australia the weed is categorised as problematic to agriculture and environment, hence; the classification as a WoNS. Outbreaks of the Chilean needle grass have occurred in South Australia, Queensland and Tasmania. Table 1 shows the spread of the Chilean needle grass in various Australian states and the respective measures taken to manage the disease (Butler & Sindel 2012). In different regions of Australia, there are concerted efforts to control WoNS. In the Yarra Ranges, the authorities have classified the various weeds and the probable management strategies. Table 1: Spread and management of the Chilean disease in Australia. Source: Butler & Sindel 2012.                       Australian Capital Territory                                                                                                                                                    Queensland                                                  South Australia                                            Tasmania                                                   Victoria                                Western Australia                                                          Pest Plants and Animals Act 2005                             New South Wales Noxious Weeds Act 1993                                                                             Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002  Natural Resources Management Act 2004                      Weed Management Act 1999                                   Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994  Agriculture and Related Resource Protection Act 1976
According to the United States Bureau of Census, only about 55% of people eligible to vote have voted in the national elections held after every four years since 1960. Despite the fact that voter participation in the elections has recorded a slight increase in the last few decades, participation is still at a lower level when compared to other democracies of the western part of Europe. In the recent years, there have been attempts at enhancing voter participation as well as voter turnout through several means. These means include automatic registration of would be voters, installing home mail ballots, and others. Nonetheless, several Americans are wary of the fact that such attempts to enhance voter participation create negative impacts such as fraud as well as voter apathy. The people in support of enhanced voter participation have a superior argument compared to those against it since enhanced participation of voters increases the level of self-governance. The United Nations is an effective partner in matters relating to elections and voting. Throughout its functions, it continues to encourage nations to foster voter participation with a goal of improving self-governance. The Voting Right Act of 1965 This refers to a hallmark in the history of America. It is a legislation which ruled out any voting processes that appeared to discriminate against some groups and was the cause for marginalization of African Americans in the United States. This piece of legislation outlawed any federal state from forcing any kind of qualification to a voter or any other essential requirement in a manner that would hinder or obstruct the right of any individual to vote because of issues of race or the color of one’s skin. The then congress had a particular interest in using the act to disregard the process of needing individuals who were actually qualified to vote to go through literacy tests successfully so as to be allowed to register as voters. This was the major way through which some of the states had denied the African Americans their right to vote. This piece of legislation was signed and enacted into law by the then president Lyndon Johnson. The process of Electing a New President The elections for a new president are normally conducted after a period of four years. The specific day is the first Tuesday of the month of November. This is a standard procedure which has to be followed strictly. There are also requirements for the qualifications of a person who can run for office. He or she should have clocked 35 years. They must also be natives of America and should have stayed there for a period not less than 14 years. Candidates for the presidency are selected through a campaign process which begins a previous year to the actual election year. Candidates announce their quest for office and the various parties select their preferred candidates. After party nominations, the final candidates conduct
Position of definitions of diplomacy as reflected in different approaches Classical diplomacy is undergoing major transformation to keep in pace with globalization and fast changing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to function in a qualitative manner, and the United Nations and other international bodies are contributing to the configuration of diplomacy to the new requirements. Diplomacy is an important component of the modern international relations as it is the method or skill by which relations between nations are managed, and it is a fundamental and vital human activity taking place between people, as well as nations. The main functions of diplomacy in the complex, turbulent, and fast changing global perspective are negotiation, information, representation, and cooperation. For students aspiring to pursue Foreign Service it is crucial to understand the principles of contemporary diplomacy and to analyze whether the developments in the twentieth century adversely impact on this system or not. Recorded history of diplomacy dates back to ancient Greece and modern diplomacy has often been equated with the era following the “Westphalian” peace negotiations. The Term “Westphalian System” describes “the post 1648 system of international relations in which states—secular, sovereign, independent, and equal—are the members, and stability is preserved by the balance of power, diplomacy, and international law.” (Berridge and James 250). According to (Berridge) diplomacy is “the term given to the official channels of communication employed by members of a system of states” and “the chief purpose of diplomacy is to enable states to secure the objectives of their foreign policies without resort to force, propaganda or law.” The Slave Trade Department in Britain, created in the early 19 th century to fight against human trade, is the first issue-oriented department to promote public diplomacy. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations in 1961 has to be viewed as the combination of “codification” and the “progressive development” of international law, analogous with Statute of the International Law Commission. (Arts.1.1 and 15) (Berrridge 115). The pillars of diplomacy are continuous communication, accurate information gathering and dissemination, dialogue, compromise, and negotiation. In Classical diplomacy nation-states are major actors in international relations, where the Foreign Affairs Ministries (MFA) exclusively managed foreign affairs. It may be observed that the resident embassy is apparently the transparent and best form of bilateral diplomacy and by rotating diplomats between posts and sections of MFA at home dealing with the same countries will cultivate expertise in diplomats and will be valuable in handling volatile diplomatic relations. American Department of State defines Public Diplomacy as “government –sponsored program intended to inform or influence public opinion in other countries; its chief instruments are publications, motion pictures, cultural exchange, radio and tele
Introduction Myth is a term that is mostly used to define historical events and stories whose reality is unclear. There are however many definitions that have been adopted by different people. The term is usually defined according to a certain perspective which has brought a lot of contradictions. As many people may think that they are simply fairy tales, others look at the term as a definition of any historical event whether there is a reality in it or not. Myths are believed to be events that happened long ago and there is basically no one in the present world that witnessed their occurrence. Most of them are drawn from written materials that are believed to be written by the people that existed at the moment. Humans are basically religious and cultural; they are usually inclined to certain beliefs and practices that they may not be sure of their occurrence. Most of them tend to follow what they believed their forefathers followed and are hence obliged to such an inheritance. The new generation will end up adopting practices that they may not understand their significance but simply because their forefathers followed them. Religious understanding of myth There are various definitions that have been used for the term myth, their relation to religion has given rise to various conflicts. Even though there is no clarity of some of the religious practices that are being followed by the people, the religious faithful has denied the relation of their beliefs to be mythical. Most of them have religious books that contain the history of their religions. They hold the books in high esteem as they are the ones that confirm to them that their practices are not made up but actually occurred many years before they were born (John et al, 592). There are however certain religious leaders that have accepted the use of the term myth to define their religious practices. Their argument is basically because of the understanding that they have concerning the term. According to them, a myth is any historical event whether there is truth in it or not. The average man understands a myth to be a term used to describe something that is vague and which can not be proved any be the truth. This is the understanding that makes religious leaders not want their religions termed as myths. There are many things about religion that can not be understood by a person that is not committed to it. There are some deep insights about a religion that requires a high degree of commitment for them to be revealed. The kind of truth that religion offers Religion can be distinguished from myth considering the truth it gives concerning events that take place. For instance, Christianity is a religion that came into existence over two thousand years ago. The Holy book which is the Bible was written and followed during the BC years. Comparing the stories and events that are written in the Bible with other stories, we find that there is a reality that is attached to them. Despite the fact that the book was written many years ago, it has stood the taste of time. The people that have purposed to rely on it for guidance and direction get