ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The US is renowned for its rich democratic space, strong consumer power, and business astuteness. However, its economic downturn and high cost of business may impede success there. A company needs to look into the external and internal factors that will affect it when it enters the international market. The purpose of the report is to determine whether Dubal, a UAE aluminium manufacturer, should enter the US market. Macro business environment – political The Unites States of America is a federal state, in which the head of state is the president and the constitution is the supreme protector of citizens’ rights. It has a strong judiciary headed by the Supreme Court and is backed by an equally influential parliamentary system. Therefore, the three centres of power are the executive, the Judiciary and Congress. Two parties dominate the country’s politics; that is, The Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The latter part depends on business donations for campaign funding while Democrats get it from organised labour. Consequently, parties in office may make policies that protect the interests of their funders. Dubal’s ability to safeguard its needs will depend on the ruling party and their affiliations. Nonetheless, the country is a strong democracy and has a stable political environment. It is unlikely that Dubal will experience cases of war or civil conflict in this nation. Trade restrictions and protectionism exist, albeit at low levels. Constraints exist regarding the legality of a business; Dubal will have to go through a long process before being recognised as a legal entity. Additionally, zoning restrictions exist on firms that can bring goods into the country. Copyright and patent laws are quite severe in this country. Dubal may find difficulties in competing with older aluminium companies as they may possess patents over certain business processes. Additionally, the country has several requirements on training workers, and licensing is a lengthy process for foreign businesses. Employers are obligated to pay for medical insurance as well other policies, so this may increase Dubal’s labour costs. The UAE and US do not have special trade agreements; however, substantial business still occurs between these two countries. As of 2011, the US had exported $15.8 billion worth of merchandise while the UAE imports about 2.4 billion worth of goods. Since the UAE is not in NAFTA or other trading groups with the US, then trade restrictions on products need to be expected. Minerals are not protected goods, so Dubal will need to pay a huge amount for its raw material-bauxite- if it chooses to produce in the US (US Department of Energy 13). Macro business environment-economic The US has the second largest economy in the world. As of 2011, it
Various models illustrate the growth of businesses. The size of a company and stages of growth are used as the standards for determining business growth. This paper will examine a growth framework based on existence, survival, success, take-off and resource maturity phases. Existence At this stage, the organisation is at infancy and the owner is struggling to attract clients. For a small business, the owner handles all management duties including supervision of junior staff and decision-making. Many small business start-ups fail at this stage due to various challenges. Some businesses that succumb to these challenges are sold off at net present value (Poole 2002, p. 75). Survival Businesses at this stage have successfully overcome the challenges of the first stage. At this stage, the business has enough capacity of customers who are satisfied. The main objectives for the business are to break even and gather enough funds for expansion. The number of employees start to increase although the decision making function is still performed by the owner. At the end of this stage, the business may achieve growth in size and profitability. Some businesses however remain at this stage for a long period surviving on marginal returns until they cease operations based on the decisions of the owner (McKeown 2007, p. 61). Success Businesses at this phase have achieved growth and have collected enough funds that are capable of financing expansion. Market penetration and the volume of customers at this stage are healthy. The business can either expand or remain at this level while providing the owner with funds for diversification since the profits are above average. An increase in size of operations and the accompanying revenues prompt the owner to hire competent managers to oversee various functions within the business (Singh 2010, p. 15). The systems are developed and financial planning and other methods are introduced to ensure smooth operations. To ensure survival, the company should adapt to changing conditions in the industry especially competition. For instance, many automobile makers did not make it past the 1970s and 1980s since they could not adapt to changing conditions (Rao 2002, p. 214). Take Off The company at this stage experiences rapid growth and the main concern is financing the growth. The owners delegate most of the duties to managers to improve efficiency. The managers should be competent enough to handle environmental dynamics. The systems at this stage are under duress from growth and they are therefore improved to accommodate the extra workload. Planning and decision making are improved. For decisions to be made by the owner, various factors have to be considered due to the increase in stakeholders and independence of t
After reading the Case on Laura Lee, you are required to consider the Four Ps and how they apply to Laura Lee Designs. List each of the Four Ps with your thoughts and analysis, and using Ansoff’s Matrix, explain how can the organisation meet its customers’ needs and what strategies could be used to enhance the communication mix. The four Ps of marketing useful for Laura Lee Designs are those decision variables that are under the control of firms and affect the demand level of the firm’s products. Environmental and competitive variables are not under the direct control of the firm. The four Ps of marketing are also called the marketing mix, and they help to maximize the production potential to get control of the marketplace. The four marketing decision variables are price variables, product variables, promotion variables, and place variables. They are interdependent for the company’s success. The price variables in the business consist of allowances, deals, distribution and retailer mark-ups, and discount structure. The pricing variables are what manufacturers fix as the final price of products taking into consideration distribution and retailer profits and the competitor’s price. The product variables are the quality, models, size, packaging, brands, service, etc. The commodity must be sold in return for money and the company will need to consider the quality of the product. Each unique marketplace needs different pricing, branding, and packaging of the commodities. The promotion variables in business are advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and publicity. Selling a product is very important by creating public awareness through media such as newspapers, television, tradeshows, and the interne
Several options are available to fund such a community activity as a book festival organized by a non profit organization. Though massive challenges exist in finding funds especially because of the current economic depression, the organizers of the event can try these methods in order to acquire funds to support the book festival. A commonly used method to solicit for funds which the organizers of the book fair can use to raise funds is to organize special charity events. Through such charitable activities, the donor base for the community book festival will be increased as valuable publicity regarding the affairs of the festival will be highlighted (Berry & Arons, 2005). Despite the considerable amount of expenses involved in hosting such charity events, the recognition which the event will attract helps in advertising the event and can help form partnerships from local corporations. Novel fundraising ideas likely to attract massive attention from members of public can help the organizers of the book festival to solicit enough funds to undertake the event. Currently, such novel ideas as selling items on eBay is an effective way in which a lot of funds can be availed to fund the event. EBay which is the largest marketplace auction has a special program known as ‘EBay Giving Works’ in which non profits solicit funds through making direct sales or community selling of the auction items. Through community selling, eBay sellers are encouraged to donate some portion of the auction proceeds to specified non profit projects. Email advertising is another novel method to source for funds. Volunteers as well as anonymous visitors to the organizations’ website can be requested to fund the book festival. Through online forums, the visitors of the website can be made aware of the community book festival and be requested to donate funds for the activity. Thus, the web portal of the organization should be geared towards fundraising solicitation as well as funding activities (Young, 2007). Through creation of a secure online donation page, guaranteed funds can be obtained. Internet donors as well as well wishers are a powerful and reliable means to pull funds. The federal as well as State governments of USA offer grants to support the missions as well as activities of the Non profits (Berry & Arons, 2005). Organizers of the community
Psychological disorders take different forms depending on causal factors, age, and exhibited symptoms. Health professionals and psychiatrists should be aware of different conditions if they are to provide adequate support or therapy to the affected patient. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the therapeutic techniques portrayed in the film, The Madness of King George. Movie Summary The selected film presents the story of King George II who is suffering from an unnamed psychological condition. His madness appears to affect the nature of leadership in the United Kingdom throughout the 1780s. This mental illness triggers an unanticipated power struggle between the reform-minded Charles James Fox and the current Prime Minister, Pritt the Younger (Hytner, 1994). At the very beginning, the king appears restless and concerned about the future of the United Kingdom. His son, the Prince of Wales, worsens the situation to marry Mrs. Fitzherbert and get the support of James Fox. The prince later stages a music concert intending to expose his father’s behavior and mental condition. The king later interrupts the party and assaults his son. Dr. Warren begins to treat the king using primitive procedures and medical practices, such as the use of purges and blistering. However, Dr. Francis Willis is recommended to treat the king since the earlier methods have been unsuccessful (Hytner, 1994). This new physician uses a strict regimen whereby he straps and restrains the leader into a waistcoat whenever he exhibits signs of resistance or insanity. He soon recovers and stops the passage of the infamous Regency bill. He eventually gains control of his emotions and prevents his son from marrying Mrs. Fitzherbert. The portrayal of the Therapy Two approaches for treating psychological disorders are identified in this film. The first one entails the use of medical practices, such as blistering and purges (Hytner, 1994). The other one is that of strapping and restraining the targeted patient. The second therapeutic technique is the focus of this discussion. In the selected movie, the viewer observes that Dr. Willis uses constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to treat the king. It is later revealed that the patient records significant improvement, thereby taking control of his territory and family. Analysis Although the king benefits from CIMT, it is agreeable that the medical technique is inappropriate for individuals suffering from madness. Rector, Man, and Lerman (2014) indicate that this kind of rehabilitative therapy works effectively for patients suffering from central nervous system damage or stroke. The method results in the increased use of the affected upper limbs, thereby minimizing spasticit
Causes of Diarrhea Although condition of diarrhea is taken lightly by most people, it is a dangerous ailment that can cause death. This ailment is one of the most common causes of infant death in developing countries. Mortality of children is associated with diarrhea in a significant number of cases in developing nation. Poor hygiene practices are the major cause of the ailment (Bostoen et al., 2008). Other factors may cause diarrhea to a less severe extent. Some species of bacteria are responsible for some of the most severe forms of diarrhea. Vibrio cholerae , a bacterium that thrives in water, causes severe diarrhea that may kill an infant within hours of the onset of the symptoms. A victim of diarrhea suffers loss of water in the body and eventually succumbs to dehydration. Several measures can be undertaken to prevent occurrence of diarrhea and even control the cases that arise (Bostoen et al., 2008). Risk Factors A study of over thirty three thousand children revealed that fecal contamination is the leading cause of diarrhea in developing nations. Improper disposal of excreta and lack of necessary disposal facilities are the major factors affecting contamination of water. In some cases, the latrine being used for disposal of excreta was inappropriate or open. This caused as much harm as open disposal of excreta (Bostoen et al., 2008). An improvement of the method of disposal of excreta was shown to improve the incidence of diarrhea by thirty percent. Although these studies involved observation of trends, they gave a clear indication that proper disposal of human excreta was an effective way to control the rate of occurrence of diarrhea in developing nations. Once the human excreta are disposed off in an inappropriate manner, there are various ways in which the bacteria contained in it are transmitted to another human individual. Waste may contaminate water, which is then ingested later by an individual. One may come into contact with the excreta and ingest the bacteria during eating or drinking. When one comes into contact with a person who has contaminated hands through shaking of hands, the bacteria may be passed on. There is only one apparent point of entry of the bacteria into the human body. This is through the oral cavity (Bostoen et al., 2008). After ingestion of the bacteria, it may be passed out in excreta again after multiplication in the gut. If the human waste is disposed off in an inappropriate manner, it may continue to pose a danger of passing on the bacteria to another individual. The age of the individual exposed to risk is also a significant factor in determining whether diarrhea may occur in the individual. Young people tend to suffer diarrhea more often (Bostoen et al., 2008). Although some organisms can be directly related to diarrhea, it is not possible to know the real cause of the bowel behavior consistent with persistent diarrhea. Use of Probiotics Probiotics can be used to treat cases o
Introduction The purpose of this study will be to explain why competitive markets are usually better for consumers when compared to monopolistic markets. The study will also evaluate the policies that are used to try and achieve competition in Australia. A monopoly or a monopolistic market is defined as a type of market that has only one supplier and many consumers who have no control over what takes place in the market. This type of market is mostly characterised by high prices of goods and services, excessive barriers to entry in the market and also supply constraints. Because this market is made up of only one supplier, consumers have no choice but to purchase products or services mainly from these firms. If a monopoly market lacks any government legislation or controls that will limit its powers in the market, then it has the authority to increase the prices of goods or services without in any way affecting the demand for its products or services. A common example of monopolistic markets is the public utility companies that offer services such as water or electricity. 1 Competitive markets are the complete opposite of monopolistic markets as they have many suppliers and consumers operating in one market. Each of the market’s participants lacks the power to control the price of goods or services offered by the various suppliers in the market which means that they cannot increase prices based on the number of customers who rely on their products. Some of the characteristics that are used to distinguish competitive markets from other types of markets include the infinite number of buyers and sellers that exist in the market where there are many consumers ready and willing to purchase commodities produced by willing producers, low/zero entries and exit barriers meaning that it is easy for a business to enter and leave the market, existence of perfect information where the prices of products are known by all suppliers, producers and consumers, homogenous products and zero transaction costs. Competitive markets that are perfect in nature will be productively efficient and they will allocate resources equally amongst the various participants in the markets. These markets however prove to be inefficient in the short long term as outputs will not occur if the marginal cost is equal to the average cost. 2 Why Competitive Markets are better than Monopolies The presence of competition in the market will ensure that there is efficiency as competitive markets equate the marginal cost to the average cost of goods that are brought to the market. Competitive firms usually offer consumers with the quantity of goods that are equitable to the price they are willing to spend for the products or services. The efficiency that exists in competitive markets is also attributed to consumer surplus and also producer sur
Advantages   * Global warming can change the climatic conditions and atmospheric temperature of the earth. Severe cold zones will experience warm climate which can enhance plant and animal growth in that regions (Global Warming: Pros & Cons).   * The temperature required to warm the frozen areas will come down due to global warming. This means, saving a lot of energy at the global level (Global Warming: Pros & Cons).   * The period of each season will change in relation to the change in atmospheric temperature. This, in due course, will increase the cultivation and productivity of agricultural crops (Global Warming: Pros & Cons).   * The floods that ensue global warming will carry the fertile sediments to distant areas where vegetation is less. These deposits will cause origination of new regions of cultivable land (Global Warming: Pros & Cons).   * During winter season most of the roads in cold countries will face road blockage due to fall of snow. Global warming will become a threat to it, and will save a lot of money that may involve in clearing and keeping the ice blocks off the roads (Global Warming: Pros & Cons).   * The higher level of carbon dioxide will increase plant growth on the earth. The plants will get more carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis. Global Warming 2 This will accelerate their growth, thereby releasing more oxygen to the atmosphere (Pros and Cons of Global Warming). Conclusion Global warming is caused due to the release of an increased percentage of green house gases such as carbon dioxide and methane to the atmosphere. These gases are formed mainly out of various human habitats and the installation of human amenities. The power plants installed through out the world emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide when the organic fuel applied in them is burnt to produce electricity. Automobiles used by people pollute the atmosphere in countless ways. Gases released from refrigerators and industrial structures add more hazards to the ozone layers of the atmosphere. They aggravate the global warming process to a higher level. Health and hygiene of people are affected severely and constantly by the atmospheric pollution. Various diseases like asthma, viral infections, Tuberculosis etc., will become rampant as a result of these. Moreover, this phenomenon increases the occurrence of clouds world wide which are evolved through the frequent atmospheric changes. As per global dimming theories promulgated by the scientists, global warming will reflect solar radiation resulting in the reduction of temperature in the atmosphere. These scientists and environmentalists argue that global warming can be a threat to the environment and can create dangers to every living creature, especially, human beings in one way or the other. But it does not mean that it will only bring disaster or catastrophe. It has its merits too (Visco). If the situation is viewed pragmatically it could be seen that global warming can accelerate the adaptability of frozen regions like Siberia, Arctic and Antarctic to human habitation. It will prevent the global people from the fear about the possibility of