ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Conspicuous consumption is a tendency that has firmly established itself among all communities, especially those in developed countries. It used to be characteristic of the upper class, but now is arguably much more common in the middle and lower classes than it used to be. Individuals choose to buy overpriced goods, even though they have options to buy less expensive products with the functionality that is similar of even better. This is due to a number of reasons, perhaps the most obvious and common being the desire to simply demonstrate the fact that one can afford to buy expensive brand clothes, a luxurious car and so on. This is a photo of my friend wearing a fur coat she has long wanted to buy, and it represents an example of conspicuous consumption in my social environment. It was a very expensive coat, and she had been saving money to buy it for a long time. She belongs to a working-class, low-income family, and I admired her commitment to the goal, assuming that it is important for her to have an expensive real fur coat and not the artificial one. When I was preparing for this task, I decided to ask her why she only wanted an expensive coat and if she could really see the difference between natural and artificial fur coats. She told me she did not, but at the same time she did not want someone who does think that she is wearing an artificial fur coat. This can be used as an example of conspicuous consumption in lower-class communities, because the main reason for the purchase was the need to demonstrate one’s wealth and a certain status in society. Buying expensive cars is another way to demonstrate wealth, prestige, or social status. The majority of people own cars nowadays, so there are more and more ways to make it into a status symbol. Automobile manufacturers create new designs, functions, and styling options for their vehicles, and it is often quite challenging for the middle- and lower-class individuals to afford a luxurious car. In spite of that, many people find ways to do it, oftentimes only to impress their friends, colleagues, and relatives. While trying to project the image of wealth or importance, most of them do not even know about or use all of their vehicles’ functions and capabilities in their daily life. Therefore, it mostly serves as a sign of the ability to purchase expensive things. Expensive jewelry has always been one of the symbols of a good income and a high social position. Nowadays, the middle and social classes also tend to purchase fine jewelry pieces that are more expensive than they can generally afford. While some people may argue that expensive jewelry is better
Significance of Research Molecular biology is a huge subject with 30000 genes in mammalian genomes with 2 to the power of 30000 combinations of gene expressions (Soneji et al, 2007, p. 38). However, the possible gene expressions in real life are much less. Deep knowledge of architecture and the dynamic behavior of the transcription networks could reveal generation or reprogramming of cell fate for purposes of therapeutic or commercial benefit (Soneji et al, 2007, p. 38). Development occurs when the ordered division of cells forms a whole organism. Signals and transcription factors that interact with one another to regulate the fate of individual cells control the process. These interactions, when viewed as a whole, form a genetic regulatory network. The regulation of development of cell behaviors like renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and death is not yet fully understood (Soneji et al, 2007, p. 31). Cell-specific gene expression programs which are regulated by transcription factor interactions would help us to understand cell behaviors including development. Understanding the dynamics of genetic regulatory networks is an immense challenge to the future for the treatment of cancers, identifying congenital abnormalities, and the possibility of genetic engineering to cure or prevent them as required. The dynamics of these networks also throw light on the mechanisms of diseases that occur when the cellular processes are dysregulated. Accurate predictions can be made of the possibility of illnesses when these regulatory networks are affected (Karlebach and Shamir, 2008). This research intends to explore ways to identify, model, test, and represent such networks to understand how transcription factors and signals work together to control development, and how cells are programmed to different phenotypes by using a variety of approaches, including in vivo, in vitro and in silico methods. Review of Background of the Research The School of Biology, Nottingham, is studying developmental genetics and gene control. Eukaryotic gene expression is focused upon in the research at this school. The embryonic development of vertebrates and the genetics involved is another focus. Mechanisms that regulate stem cell fate are mainly investigated in developmental studies (Loose, 2004). Stem cells from the nervous system, germ cells, and bone marrow-derived o
System performance can be defined as an essential aspect of a computer system determining its efficiency and productivity. Performance testing refers to a non-functional software testing process that evaluates the key measurements of a software application, such as speed, stability, response time, resource usage, scalability, reliability, and others. According to Takanen et al. (2018), “performance testing attempts to prove that a system can handle a specific amount of load (traffic, sessions, transactions, etc.)” (p. 18). Alternatively, this process can be referred to as load or stress testing. Performance testing is important since it estimates whether the application’s performance meets the customer’s expectation, thus affecting business success and continuity. Performance engineering is a crucial discipline aiming to provide business value by utilizing efficient practices and techniques throughout software development. The purpose of performance testing as a subcategory of performance engineering is to integrate performance standards into the system’s implementation, architecture, and design. There are several types of performance testing, such as:   * load testing,   * stress testing,   * soak testing,   * spike testing,   * breakpoint testing,   * configuration testing,   * isolation testing,   * internet testing (Takanen et al., 2018). Load testing is usually carried out to evaluate the application’s behavior under a given expected load. Stress testing is used to assess the system’s reliability during extreme or disproportionate loads and test system performance if the current load exceeds the anticipated maximum. Soak testing is a load test that establishes whether the application can sustain the continuous load. Alternatively, spike testing can be carried out to assess the software’s behavior in situations when it receives an extreme variation in traffic, such as a rapid increase or decrease. Breakpoint testing can alternatively be called capacity testing since it evaluates the maximum capacity of a system under which it can perform accordingly to the required specifications. Configuration testing is another type of traditional performance testing, where the influence of changes in the configuration on the performance is tested. Isolation testing allows for locating and fixing bugs and defects since it breaks down the system and isolates separate modules. Finally, internet testing is a recent type of performance testing conducted by large applications which requires substantial preparation and monitoring. As can be seen, each performance testing type pursues the goal of ensuring that a software application will demonstrate satisfactory performance under the expected workload. Furthermore, there are two approaches to software performance testing. Regardi
Introduction In order to maximize the efficiency of fire department operations, it is important to consider the role of budgetary process in the optimization of organizational operations. Inadequate budget planning is likely to result in serious monetary shortfalls. Budget planning should consider the needs of the community and maximize the use of limited resources to enhance the quality and accessibility of fire departments’ services. In this paper, budgetary process is discussed in relation to Buda Fire Department operations and its ability to meet the needs of the community. Fire Department Overview and Community Needs Buda Fire Department is a relatively small fire department located 15 miles south of Austin, Texas, which provides fire extinguishing and emergency services to a 75 square mile area ( History. Heritage. Trust ., n.d., par. 1). Currently, the department consists of three fire stations: the first station houses administration, while the second and third stations are staffed 24 hours a day with career firefighters operating fire engines and ambulances. The department is planning to open new stations in the area. There are 41 people working at Buda Fire Department, 5 of which are in the administrative positions ( Our People, Our Pride , n.d.). The department is challenged with the task to meet the diverse needs of the area with the following safety concerns:   * large hay fields;   * jet fuel plant near city limits;   * several large-scale factories with explosives on site. The area is also susceptible to regular natural disasters, such as flooding. In order to meet the needs of the community, the department has to focus on the following areas of responsibility: fiscal management, personnel management, and productivity management (Cote, 2003, p. 113). Fiscal management is mainly occupied with the budget process, or managing financial systems in order to improve the allocation and usage of limited financial resources ( Fiscal Management , n.d., par. 1). It should be noted that fire department management involvement into fiscal management depends on the local government, which can provide its own instructions regarding budget planning (Cote, 2003, p. 114). The Budget Process The budget process typically starts at the beginning of a calendar year with the budget formulation. The budget is generally created for one fiscal year. The budget process should begin with the evaluation of current budget in the light of the new strategic objectives. A strategic plan should outline these objectives and the way it is going to achieve its mission. Buda Fire Department is planning to expand the number of stations under operations, which means that the budget has to be adjusted according to the projections of expenses associated with the expansion. The budget consists of fixed and variable costs. Fixed costs are costs associated with personnel and facility expenses and other costs that do not change over the year (Lotich, 2014, par. 5). The major part of fire department fixed costs is the pers
The given task is aimed at answering the question of whether there was a possibility of electrification of the Electrical Engineering (EE) building at UNSW using wind energy. The purpose of this fact-finding mission was to determine an appropriate type and rating of the wind turbine based on three factors: the average wind data (such as wind speed) at UNSW; the peak power demand for the EE building; and where the turbine would be installed. Safety issues, such as turbine height and noise level influence the place where the analyzed installation takes place. The research was undertaken between July 2010 and June 2011. During the fact-finding mission, we collected data and considered several scenarios. According to Blakers (2000), the average wind speed at UNSW is over 8 m/s at 50 m above the ground. This speed increases in the afternoons (Coppin, Ayotte, and Stegel, 2003). From Appendix, I, the hourly peak power requirement for the EE building was established to be 568.44 kW. From Table I (attached), the total energy required by the EE building is 2749039 kWh per year. We would suggest that the turbine be installed on the top of the Electrical Engineering building. The installation of the turbine was introduced in order to avoid disruption of wind by buildings. In addition, the increase in altitude is favorable since high wind speeds occur at elevated levels (Blakers, 2000). Provided the turbine does not interfere with the normal functions of the institution, we suggest that it was not necessary to place restrictions on the height of the turbine. In addition, the height of the tower should be limited to between 1.5 times to 3 times the radius of the rotor (Edelstein et al., 2003). We settled on 1.95 times the rotor radius, as a compromise between maximum wind speed harnessed and cost of tower installation. There was only one safety issue; the risk of fire. This was found to be extremely minimal, although it may arise as a result of sparks from turbine equipment, lightning, strikes, and the likelihood that fires would begin during construction or during repair works. So far, only two cases, out of 40, have been reported. There are two kinds of noise emanating from a wind turbine; aerodynamic noise and mechanical noise (Hau, 2000). Aerodynamic noise is caused by the rotor blades, while mechanical noise is caused by the gearbox. A small amount of noise can also be emitted from the moving parts of the turbines. The design of present-day turbines ensures that they minimize noise level (Edelstein et al., 2003). This is confirmed by Sustainable Development Commission (United Kingdom) that states that people can stand beneath a turbine and have usual conversations without raising their voices (SDC, 2005). During the selection of the type and rating of the turbine, several scenarios were considered. The horizontal axis design was chosen for the vertical axis. More often, this turbine is not plac
Trust is essential to efficient business. Which of the two descriptions of Goldman Sachs that you read about in the blog, the client-ethic based firm and the market making firm, do you feel warrants the trust of its customers? Explain why you feel this way. The client-ethic based firm is one of the best business cultures that a business can nurture. This cultural phenomenon builds a client-business relationship to a long-term business relationship. It is important to note that this concept builds a business public image. Many clients like to be associated with companies that build and grow their wealth. A client-ethic based firm always focuses on the legacy of good customer service. The performance of such a business is channeled to ensuring that customer satisfaction is the priority of the business. Reputation to a client-ethic based business is a core business value. In this respect, clients will always feel appreciated in a business that cultivates trust. Therefore, for a business to create trust in clients and potential customers, the business must be client-ethic based. On the other hand, a market-making firm focuses on making more profits for the business. At times, a market-making firm tries to balance the act of satisfying clients and making business profits. Such a business concept allows the undermining of customer service philosophy. In fact, such a business approach focuses on the short-term relationship between the customer and business. The bottom-line in such a business is to make more profits at the expense of the client. In this respect, customers do not trust such business ventures where they are not appreciated. Consider the three prescriptive approaches to ethical decision making in business that Goldman Sachs can use. Describe them and recommend how Goldman Sachs can use one or all of them. Consequences This approach is based on consequentialist theories (Trevino and Nelson, 2010). According to this approach, any decision making should consider the consequences of the decision results. From this perspective, Goldman Sachs should make decisions that benefit the society, the client and are less harmful. This means that the business should instill a culture of a client-ethic based firm. Duties, obligations, and principles This approach is based on deontological theories (Trevino and Nelson, 2010). According to this approach, a business decision should be based on some set of rules and policies. These set of rules determines the morality of a decision based on the perceived outcome of the decision. This approach can determine the morality of decisions at Goldman Sachs. This means they cannot engage in activities that endanger their customers’ welfare or financial investment. Integrity This approach is based on virtue ethics. According to this approach, managers with the responsibility of decision making should make decisions that reflect a sense of ambition and competence
Introduction The use of information systems as a process of improving performance and productivity in businesses is a key strategy for many companies today (Rainer & Cegielski, 2011). This paper explores on how information systems support the processes of doing business in an organization. The paper focuses on a technology known as Cockpit Data Management Solutions, which is a more up to date version of the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). The Goodrich Cockpit Data Management Solutions The Cockpit Data Management Solutions can be described as an electronically operated management system through which, flight attendants are able to perform their various tasks with more ease and efficiency, as compared to the past. The system involves less paperwork (Goodrich, 2012). The system, as an Electronic Flight bag, was developed to replace the cumbersome materials that were previously carried by pilots in their Pilot’s carry-on Flight Bag. The device is an all in one application, containing operating manuals for the pilot and flight crew, as well as pilots’ navigational charts. The management system technology can also be installed with software through which other, different aerospace related tasks can be automatically performed. Examples of such tasks are the calculation of take- off and landing times, messaging, data management, video surveillance and weight assessment. The Cockpit Data Management Solutions, as a system, was created by the Goodrich Corporation. Goodrich is a leading company in the supply of services and systems to various aerospace companies all over the world. The company ensures efficiency within the aerospace industry, through its various technologies that allow planes to fly, land and stay safe. The device has, over a number of years, been sold to many airplane and jet operators in different parts of the world for business, regional as well as commercial use (Goodrich, 2012). Strengths of the Information System The Cockpit Data Management Solutions system has been designed to ensure fast and efficient use and performance of tasks, as is the goal of most information systems (Turban & Volonino, 2010). Additionally, the system is easy to use, and hence requires less training as well as a lower cost of training. The change from the use of paper, to the use of software, hardware and other technological services, is one way through which, airport employees are able to perform their various duties and tasks more efficiently, easily and at a higher speed. The system is an effective way through which, airports are able to effectively manage their flow of inf
Summary Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is most common in children and adolescents and is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes (Bimstein et al., 2019). The disease is characterized by the pancreas almost not producing its own insulin, which leads to an increase in glucose levels in the blood. T1D is not exclusively juvenile as it can develop at any age (Bimstein et al., 2019). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurs due to beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in the target tissues (Chatterjee et al., 2017). Along with T1D and T2D, there is diabetes, which occurs among pregnant women, called gestational diabetes (GD). Any degree of hyperglycemia that occurs during pregnancy is considered GD. The diagnosis includes both previously undiagnosed T2D and GD itself, which develops in the later stages of pregnancy (Dirar & Doupis, 2017). The cause of the development of the disease can be a varying degree of adipocytokine production or increased production of diabetogenic placental hormones (Dirar & Doupis, 2017). Pregnancy is a complex metabolic process that puts additional pressure on beta cells (McIntyre et al., 2019). Various risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, obesity, and age, increase the risk of developing the disease. Dietary Recommendation for GD To prevent short-term neonatal and maternal complications due to GD, lifestyle changes are recommended first, including changes in diet and physical activity patterns. Patients with GD are advised to maintain a balanced, healthy diet including sufficient amounts of whole fruits and vegetables, moderate amounts of fiber and fat, and avoid sugar-rich foods (Gestational diabetes diet, n.d.). The daily ration should contain three meals and additional snacks which should not be skipped. Metformin for GD Metfor
Introduction The technique of the cost-volume-profit (CVP) relationship has been used to solve the problems. This technique is also called ‘Break-even-analyses’. The varying degrees of twists under different problems have been duly taken care of by the CVP technique as is clear from the solutions of the various problems. Contribution Margin The contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and the variable cost of the product. The contribution margin of Claire’s every antique at the given information of ales price and variable material cost is calculated hereunder: This may be noted that sales commission has been ignored while making the above calculations as per instructions. Calculation of Monthly Break-even units Break-Even Point is the point that breaks the total cost and the selling price evenly to show the level of output or sales at which there shall be neither profit nor loss. At this point the revenue of the business exactly equals costs. Fixed Cost Hence Break Even point of out put or units will be = ———————— Contribution per unit The total monthly fixed cost in the case of Claire’s Antiques is $ 75000. The design time allocation of overheads or fixed costs among Clocks, Dinette Sets, and Bedroom Suits are in the ratio of 20:35: 45 respectively. The total monthly fixed costs are apportioned as under: Hence for meeting monthly fixed costs, the contributions have to be equal to $75000 divided proportionately among each type of antique, Claire’s Antique will have to produce and make sales monthly of 39.47 units of Clocks, 10.85 units of Dinette sets, and 7.24 units of Bedroom suits. Contribution Margin Income Statement Based on the total yearly sales of 620 units of Clocks, 180 units of Dinette sets, and 110 units of Bedroom sets, and also taking into sales commission as a variable cost, the Contribution Margin Income Statement is prepared as under: Note that information about monthly fixed costs is provided at $75000. Before allocation these monthly fixed costs were converted into yearly total fixed costs and then allocated in the ratio 20:35: 45 among clocks, dinette sets, and bedroom suits respectively. Also, the distributor’s commission has been calculated on 70% of the sales as that was expected sales through distributors. Effects of increase in sales commission to 15% With the increase in distributor’s sales commission by 5%, the total commission would be calculated as under: With the increase in distributor’s commission, Claire’s Antiques will have to pay an additional $63525 as sales commission. Accordingly, the contribution and the net income will be reduced by that amount. As Claire’s Antiques does not want to change the selling prices, the cost of the product will be reduced by that amount. The other variable cost incurred on the products is material costs. The required reduction in the mate