ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There is no use denying the fact that modern age can be called the era of digital technologies. Blistering the development of different sciences promoted appearance and wide usage of a great number of tools whose main aim is to make the life of a person easier. Mobile phones, computers, and the Internet influence traditional ways in which some actions have been performed for years. That is why nowadays a person can easily make purchases with the help of a computer or create 3D models just using a printer. Though, there are also a great number of very important spheres of the functioning of a state and society which are influenced by the development of digital technologies. The sphere of law is among them. It should be said that being very important for the functioning of society, the institution of courts and tribunals should also be available for people to be able to use it anytime and anywhere. That is why electronic arbitration was created. The main sense of this procedure is that a person does not have to go to a special building or room. Everything which is needed is to use the service and wait until the date for the process has come (“On-Line Arbitration” para. 6). Being very convenient, this remedy is also the same efficiency as traditional tribunals and can help to make the whole justice system more efficient, providing new services for people Thus, one should remember that electronic arbitration has several differences from traditional arbitration which can be taken as advantages and disadvantages of this new system (Badiei 87). These points lead to the appearance of discussion connected with the efficiency of the issue, though, it is useless to deny the fact that is rather innovative, it can be taken as the future of justice system and, that is why it is necessary to analyze it to get rid of different weaknesses and make it ideal. Moreover, the fact that a great number of countries all over the world use this very system can be taken as good evidence of its efficiency and perspective. Saudi Arabia is among countries that use electronic arbitration in its justice system (Mithani 4). There are several main points connected with this process. First of all, it should be said that being an Islamic state, Saudi Arabia has its traditions connected with the issue of justice (Al-Ghamdi and Boehm para. 4). That is why the implementation of such technology as electronic arbitration should take into account peculiarities of the mentality of people who live in the country and organize its functioning according to these peculiarities (“New Arbitration Law in Saudi Arabia” para. 4). Moreover, it should also be admitted that it is vital to align its efficient functioning for this very system to be taken by people as a reliable one. People
A quiet and well-behaved group of preschoolers is an extremely rare image. Children of this age are very active and loud. Often, their behaviors go out of control, especially when they are not addressed in time. The five behaviors I would like to have in my classroom of 5-year olds are the following:  1. Sharing (because most of the fighting in preschool classes occurs due to the lack of sharing skills)  2. Personal hygiene habits such as regular hand-washing (because this is the key to disease prevention)  3. Careful and quiet listening when a teacher or a peer talks (because this is the key to order in the class)  4. Creativity and self-expression  5. Apologizing when something wrong was done (because it helps socialization, respect of others, and politeness) Teaching these behaviors in the classroom, I would rely on the twelve steps of guiding children’s behaviors that were outlined by Morrison. Sharing is a behavior new to some children (especially those who do not have any siblings), and this is why fights and conflicts may develop among children. Teaching how to share I could use step 5 to help the children build new behaviors using my own behavior as an example (step 9) (Morrison). To enforce and encourage the behavior in the future I would provide praise to those who follow it (step 10), and guide the children using constructive questions that will help the children to form their own correct solutions (step 1) (Morrison). Teaching personal hygiene I would also use myself as an example to model the behavior (step 9), and position hygiene rules such as hand-washing as a responsibility (step 5) to empower children (Morrison). To strengthen the impact of step 5, I would assign a child or two who would be responsible for the hand-washing of other peers every day. Their duty would be to make sure that everyone has clean hands by reminding their peers about the behavior. Careful and quiet listening will be encouraged through constructive questions (step 1) such as: “children, what do you do when your teacher speaks?”, “and what do you do when one of your peers speaks?” (Morrison). The individuals who break the rule and speak together with a peer will be reminded of the correct behavior (step 10) (Morrison). Creativity and self-expression belong at the top of the hierarchy of needs formulated by Abraham Maslow as the actions fulfilling an individual’s need for self-actualization. Young children are active and naturally express themselves through play. That w
Marketing is a rather complicated phenomenon. However it forms a very important part of the corporate strategy (Davidson, 2002). Indeed, it can determine the business success or failure depending on how the players handle it. The marketing functions are equally diverse and require adequate planning and careful implementation. In addition, it is a very dynamic discipline with changes having been and still continues to be experienced every other day. To be effective in marketing today, the marketer does not only need to meet the customers expectations in terms of products quality or providing them with products that in the very best way meet the market needs but also needs to develop a social touch with the market (Murphy et al., 2004). As a result, corporate social responsibility and marketing ethics have solidly entrenched themselves in the corporate marketing strategy and have become part of the day to day marketing activities in most business organizations. Ethics and cooperate social responsibility goes hand in hand (Davidson, 2002). As a result is important for marketers to consider the ethical issues while undertaking corporate responsibility. In case the corporate social responsibility strategy lacks ethics chances are that the undertaking will have counterproductive effects (Murphy, P et al 2004). Similarly, the objectives of an organization’s corporate responsibility vary widely. For instance, the strategy act as a way of rewarding the customers for their continued support to the firm, being responsible to the environment and customers and others are purely marketing campaigns (Gould, Sep 2004). In this case, it is difficult to accurately judge the objective of the car manufacturer. Indeed, offering to fund the students marketing projects is quite helpful to the students’ academics. Taking the students to compete in a project involving strategy of marketing cars is unarguably the best stage to enhance the students’ practical corporate marketing skills. In so doing, the car manufacturer does not only presents the students with an opportunity of taking their marketing perspective corporate while still in school but also seeks to enhance the highest level of creativity and innovativeness from these young marketing minds. In my opinion, such projects are ideas for training exceptional marketers since they orientate students in creative marketing at this early stage of training. It should in fact be encouraged because it uplifts the level of practical marketing skills on the part of students. As a result the car manufacturer could have had social responsibility idea with an objective of enhancing the students marketing and creativity skills in developing practical marketing strategies. However, the move by the manufacturer to target students is in itself suspects. I
Introduction The article touches upon several issues concerning the reunification of North and South Korea since 1945. The fact that the country was unjustly divided as the result of World War II by two ideologically different hostile nations makes the unification process troublesome. Moreover, the presence of four major powers, including Russia, China, Japan, and the United States, whose interests in Korean unionization are diametrically different makes the matter even more complicated. Main body In spite of the issue being problematic, both Koreas made several steps towards reunification. July 4th North-South Joint Communiqué signed in 1972 was the first document signed by both countries’ leaders, Park Jung-hee and Kim Il-sung. This document establishes three principles of unification: independence, peace, and nation-wide unity. After the signing of this agreement, there have been several visits to Pyongyang from the South Korean leaders. The inter-Korean summit of 2000 between Kim Dae-Jung and Kim Jong-il was the result of the South Korean leader’s “sunshine policy” for which Kim Dae-Jung received a Nobel peace prize. In 2007, Roh Moo-hyun also visited Pyongyang for a similar summit. In April 2018, Moon Jae-In visited the capital of North Korea to continue the elaboration of the Koreas integration. There are three more summits planned for 2018. The most important result of these summits is that North Korea and the United States started to look for peaceful solutions for the Korean peninsula. The Republic of Korea (ROK) believes that the unification process should rest upon three principles. First is the institutionalization of relaxed tension in the Korean peninsula, meaning that an organization responsible for softening the inter-Korean relationships should be created. Second, South Korea states that the reunification process should be gradual and functional, implying that the progress will be slow but effective. Third, the Koreas should unite under one rule of the unified government. However consistent South Korea’s strategy may seem, North Korea has its own views upon the issue. First, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) insists that two countries should unite on a confederate basis, thus making both governments coexist leaving social and political systems untouched. This is the complete opposite of what South Korea offers. Second, North Korea opposes the South Korean gradual approach to unification by proposing that the act should be done “once-and-for-all.” The North envisions inter-Korean cooperation and exchanges after the unification, while ROK believes that such collaborations should be finished before the countries unite. Third, the South offers a step-by-step plan that includes drafting the Constitution and holding a referendum, while the DPRK’s program is much less detailed. The final difference is between the kinds of policies to be formulated and pursued by a unified state. South Korea believes that democratic procedures should guide
Apple was reported to be the top luxury brand among the most affluent individuals in China in 2014 (Sun par. 10), which can make one proud to be a representative of the brand. Clearly, this title was not achieved for nothing; the brand is highly valued by consumers all over the world. Of course, the customers’ appreciation comes primarily from the quality of the products that Apple proposes. The enterprise always endeavors to provide its clients only with the products of the best quality, with no exception; the firm strives to create the very best product that is possible to imagine (Kagan n. pag.). Noteworthy, this relates not only to Apple’s technological devices but also to the programs that they utilize. In fact, there is an opinion that Apple is primarily a software producing company, but the company follows the principle that high-quality software requires the best hardware (qtd. in Bajarin par.3). It should also be stressed that Apple provides its clients with some of the best services available in the industry. The company practices an individual approach to their clients; its employees are always genuinely ready to help a customer should the latter need it (Kagan n. pag.). The enterprise also always lives up to its promises, providing the consumers with exactly what has been promised them and perhaps even more, but in no way less (Kagan n. pag.). And another important feature of the firm’s products is their always extremely attractive design, which lets the firm’s clients fully enjoy not only the functions but also the looks of their new gadgets (Kagan n. pag.). In addition, Apple pays much att
Introduction The hatch act of 1913 was a bill that was marred with many controversies especially from the different political divides in the United States of America. However, the controversial bill was intended to limit civil workers in the executive arm of the American government from actively participating in partisan political activities (Ruccucci, 2006). The bill stated that only the president, the vice president, and some specified government officials could be allowed to take part in political activities. The recommendations in this particular bill spurred a myriad of contentions across the country with some people praising its intentions while others were skeptical. This paper seeks to argue that civil servants in the government should not be allowed to participate in any political activities in the country hence supporting re-hatching. Discussion Having political influence in the civil service in my opinion could be detrimental to the safety and integrity of the country. If every government that is in power will have to recruit new employees who support their political agendas, then the oversight of government will be compromised. Bowman and West (2009) gave an example in their article where the executive gave an order in2007 that required all the departmental regulations to be passed through a particular agency for approval. The said agency was politically aligned to the government in power at that time and this created very heated debates about the intention of such a directive. While many excuses can be given for having such a directive, the negative effects of allowing such political infiltration in the civil service can do more harm than good to the country. Political influence in the civil service can damage the continuity of fair and open scrutiny of government operations. Bowman and West (2009) argue that such political infiltration in the civil service can lead to instances where critical information is withheld from the public domain. Such loss of information or lack of it can be injurious to the public. This can enable the government to do what they want to disregard the rule of law and many political ills can be perpetrated if oversight is not established. Political appointees are simply watchdogs for the government and their main work is to promote and protect their employer’s interests. This does not affect the executive arm of government only but spreads all through to other public offices. For instance, as Bowman and West (2009) have noted, there are ongoing controversies about the effectiveness of the national electoral body in the United States. The electoral body has been accused of having partisan officials a situation that can lead to compromised electoral results. The reorganization of civil employments in every new government gives leeway for several things to go wrong in the political scene. Change of personnel and patronage creates a situation where loyalty is more valued than expertise. Political appointees are bound by their
Introduction Alison Liebling casts light upon the life of prisoners in England and Wales in the article under the title “Incentives and Earned Privileges Revisited: Fairness, Discretion, and the Quality of Prison Life”. The author points out that the prison officer’s abuse their authority towards to the prisoners and as the result their behavior causes negative and even aggressive reaction of the prisoners. The incentives and earned privileges (IEP) is an important component of the keeping order in the prison. These privileges are given to the prisoners for the good behavior. Factually, the main question is what the notions of “privilege” and “good behavior” denote. The basic aims of IEP policy Not every prisoner may enjoy the privileges only those who earn it with a good behavior that is the main point of IEP policy. Such privileges are not permanent. They may be lost because of some violations. Everything seems to be simple and factually this structure should work to keep the order in prisons nevertheless there are some problems. These privileges do not stop the prisoners from the violations of the order. Such actions are caused by the treatment of the prison staff. According to the statement of Conservative Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd, during the preparations for anti-custody Criminal Justice Act 1991, “prisons were an expensive way of making bad people worse” (Liebling, 27). Prisoners became more aggressive before their discharge which is more dangerous for the society. Prison officers understand that the only way out is to treat prisoners more carefully. According to Woolf’s analysis of the importance of justice in prisons, the main problems of prisons in Britain are the unsanitary conditions, the unconstructive regime, the lack of respect in treatment according to prisoners, the destructive effect of the prisoners’ family ties and any redress for grievances. A liberal humanitarian regime proposed by Woolf as the way out failed as far as assaults and drug use were high in this regime. The main problems of IEP policy The probable escape provided in 1994 and 1995 linked collective disorder to a sense of fairness. From around 1993-94, there was a harshening emotional tone of penal policy. The principles of IEP was proposed by the Prisons Board during the development of principles of White Paper “Custody Care and Justice”. As the result the moral status of the imprisoned is lowered and the rules of prison regime become stricter. The policy aims at the controlling not only the prisoners’ behavior but also the staff’s attitude to the prisoners. There are three levels of privilege entitlement namely basic, standard and enhanced which may encourage a good behavior and may be effectively used by prison staff. Staff-prisoners relationships as the core of IEP policy The problem is that although the prisoners are aware of this system of privileges they think it was operating unfairly. Many prisoners feel themselves powerless and they become angry and organize collective groups against the policy. The main problem of prison regime is staff-prisoners relationship.
Introduction Written by George Eliot, ‘Silas Marner’ is a captivating tale published in 1861 and set in the beginning of the 19 th century. It depicts Eliot’s attitude towards religion. Employing the elements of literature, Eliot uses characters like Silas Marner, a miser and a weaver, Godfrey Cass, Squire’s son, Eppie, Silas adopted girl, William Dane, Silas’ friend, among others. Silas is a foreigner, rich in skills, in Raveloe village, a case that, coupled with his catalepsy sickness, makes his neighbours suspect him in everything that happens. He suffers false accusations of theft and isolation by his religious friends, a situation that forces him to abandon not only his Godly faith but also his people and leaves for Raveloe, a village worse than his former. He gets a lot of money as an herbalist but people mistake him for witch doctor. He also owns a good amount of gold, which is stolen later together with the money by Dunsey, and the case ignored. He remains poor and isolated but fortunately, he symbolically adopts a golden-haired baby girl who is later married, and ends up staying in his home, a case that overturns his situation. He is no longer isolated and unhappy but accompanied and joyous. The Role of Money Money stands out as something valuable and needed by everyone in this novel. For instance, when Silas moves from his former yard after his conflicts with the church, he settles as a foreigner in Raveloe where he accumulates large sums of money from his herbal business, which he in turn uses to purchase gold. Owing to its value, it is stolen by Dunsey. The play also depicts money as a source of conflicts. In his former lantern yard that had equipped him with faith, he is out of terms with the congregation that is falsely condemning him of stealing its finances. They use the available false clues, as evidences of his stealing. This includes a knife that portrays him as a violent robber as well as a bag, found in his home that contained the money, a case that makes him leave the yard to stay isolated elsewhere. In addition, money is a means of maintaining secrets. Godfrey and Dunsey are brothers and sons of the richest man of the village, Squire. These two have opposing personalities. Godfrey is secretive while Dunsey is insatiable, cheeky and open. Since Godfrey is furtively in, marriage that is unknown to his parents, Dunsey threatens to reveal this and as a way of settling down issues, he offers him 100 pounds to maintain the secret. Money once more is way of settling down debts. When Dunsey receives a loan that he is later unable to repay, he uses his brother’s marriage as a way through this quagmire. He again threatens to reveal the secret where his brother offers him a horse in return to sell in order to get the money to settle this debt down. Two Sets of Sibling Relationship Eliot has employed sets of siblings’ relationships. For instance, Godfrey is a brother to Dunsey while Priscilla is a sister to Nancy. These