ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cooperatives are organizations that are owned and run by those members that enjoy their services. In the United States, nonprofit health insurance cooperatives have been recommended as the third option to the tradition private health insurance and the newly suggested public health insurance. In United States, different cooperatives offer their members diverse services that range from credit loans to electricity. Thus, the issue of cooperatives and specifically the concept of health insurance cooperatives is not a new phenomenon to Americans. The introduction of health insurance cooperatives in US will enable an approximately 47 million uninsured Americans who belong to the low social economic status receive affordable medical care. Health insurance cooperatives have lately received a considerable political support from various political personnel’s such as the senator Kent Conrad as they are known to reduce the insurance premiums paid by their members considerably. He considers them as the best option to provide insurance covers to Americans since they are neither governmental project nor one for profit making, but instead a project tailed at helping the public. Despite the great support the project has received from various stakeholders, there are few people that view it as a wrong focus that cannot match the superior government program. They are of the opinion that the government should establish health insurance cooperatives as an alternative to the government public health insurances, but not as their substitutes. They argue that health insurance cooperatives cannot expand robustly as the public health insurance projects can do. This controversy has raised a considerable debate worldwide of whether the United States should opt for a public health insurance program or health insurance cooperatives which are regarded as more economical, efficient and effective in addressing the health issues of majority of Americans who cannot afford to access the high insurance costs associated with private insurance coverage (Debate: Health insurance cooperatives, 2010). History of Insurance Cooperatives in United States Health Insurance Cooperatives are health insurances schemes that are designed to offer insurance services to their members at a reduced cost than the private insurance companies. Health insurance cooperatives are jointly owned by all those people that insurer with them, unlike private insurance companies that are owned and controlled by private investors with their main objective of making profits. The concept of health insurance cooperatives is not a new phenomenon in United States since it has existed in United States as early as 1983 in many
Company history The BMW Group has positioned itself amongst the 10 largest car manufactures globally The BMW Group was established in 1917 and has managed to position itself amongst the 10 largest car manufacturers globally. Initially, the firm’s core operations entailed designing and production of aircraft engines. Over the past few years, the firm has undergone significant growth. The growth has arisen from implementation of Strategy Number One which was formulated in 2007. The strategy is aimed at attaining two main goals which include;  1. To boost the firm’s long-term value growth.  2. To attain a high level of profitability and returns. Mission statement The firm is guided by a clear mission as stated below;   * To become the world’s leader in provision of premium services and products in order to enhance individual mobility. Values The firm’s operations are guided by a number of core values which have been the cornerstone of its success. These values include;   * Responsible action   * Long-term thinking   * Environmental protection   * Social and ecological sustainability Corporate governance The firm’s corporate governance strategy is aimed at enhancing its ability to attain the set goals, objectives and values. The BMW Group has incorporated a comprehensive corporate governance strategy that is comprised of a set of principles, systems and processes. The firm’s corporate governance strategy is aimed at enhancing its ability to attain the set goals, objectives, and values. Moreover, the firm intends to maximize shareholders’ wealth through corporate governance. The Group is cognizant of the fact that its success will be dependent on the effectiveness with which its operations are managed. As a result, the firm’s management team is constituted of two main organs which include;  1. The Board of Management  2. The Supervisory Board The two boards are constituted of experienced individuals who ensure that effective decisions are made. A high level of trust is ensured between the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board. As a result, the degree of collaboration is improved significantly. Additionally, the BMW Group has formulated its code of operation on the basis of the German Corporate Governance Code. This has enabled the firm to effectively address the shareholders and other stakeholders’ needs. Corporate sustainability Currently, sustainability is one of the most important aspects that firms should consider in their quest to remain competitive. Elmaraghy (34) is of the opinion that adherence to sustainable development determines an organization’s long-term success. Elmaraghy (35) cites three main asp
Introduction The wave of revolutions that swept across Western Europe in 1848 brought what can be described as lasting reforms to the regimes that governed the affected territories; and even those that watched their neighbors’ revolts changed for fear of the same in their backyards. The genesis of these revolutions is attributed to a number of factors such as political, technological, and economic among others (Dowe 459). New ideas and values were crafted and people clamored for liberty, nationalism, and socialism. Nobility was considered as the huddle to achieving these values. The working class that was the fuel for most revolutions had undergone radical transformation courtesy of technological changes. Economic downturns had led to unprecedented hunger due to crop failure and the economic system, capitalism, made the urban poor poorer and the peasants, beggars at the feet of their masters. This is what made France to start the revolution in February 1848. In this paper, the writer discusses what would transpire in an imaginary debate where Karl Marx, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Jonathan Swift converse about these revolutions of 1848. The Hypothetical Debate The Hegelian dialectic triad of thesis-antithesis-synthesis heavily influenced Karl Marx. Though Hegel used his theory to elucidate the influence of world history to the Spirit (Geist), Marx contextualized it and traced the origin of socio-economic order starting with serfs to proletariat and finally envisioning a classless society (Magstadt 65). In such a discussion, therefore, Marx would attribute capitalism as the cause of the revolutions. Two years before the revolution, there had been an economic crisis in France caused by the bourgeoisies in Louis-Philippe’s regime. The
The safety of people’s data, as well as their security, have always been major issues in public policy. However, the existence of a rather rigid set of rules and regulations restricts the actions of potential criminals. The advent of the information technology era, however, has affected the modern public policy to a considerable extent. Since the transfer of the existing public policy into the cyber reality is fraught with a range of complexities, people have become much more vulnerable. The enhancement of online users’ security as the extension of the public policy into the cyberspace presupposes that the users should agree to their private conversations being analyzed by the security service, which poses a dilemma between the invasion of privacy by the state and by culprits. Therefore, it is crucial to test whether communication within the environment of virtual reality is possible once its participants are aware of being watched by the corresponding public service authorities and whether the specified strategy may be efficient The research hypothesis is that the state of knowledge about the possible supervision of the communication process, as well as the fact that the data provided by the conversation participants is collected by the state authorities and stored in the governmental database, will affect the communication process by reducing the imitativeness among the participants. It is supposed that the very existence of online communication will be jeopardized with the introduction of statewide supervision systems into the realm of the Internet. The key concepts that will be utilized in the course of the experiment include cyber reality, communication, discourse, online communication, information security, and personal safety. Communication is traditionally defined as the process of exchanging ideas. Discourse is traditionally defined as any form of conversation, whether written or oral. Information security presupposes the safety of an individual’s data, whereas personal safety means being protected from any form of damage. The cyber reality, in its turn, is the online environment, i
Synopsis The case study analyzes Dell’s initiative to recycle ocean-bound plastics and use them in their manufacturing process. The vice president of global operations, Piyush Bhargava, is leading the program. The innovation to use plastics from the ocean and areas where these materials had a high risk of moving to the water was presented to the company in 2015. Since then, Dell has developed a supply chain and established its priorities for the future. First, the firm analyzed the sources of plastic waste, distinguishing Indonesia and India as locations with significant waste problems. Then, the company established that plastics that had been in the ocean are not fit for mass recycling and that the chain of disposal can be intercepted before the materials come into contact with water. As a result, by 2017, Dell has implemented its Asia-based supply chain, improved the sourcing costs, and manufactured packaging with 25% recycled plastic. The company’s future concerns lie with the growth of the initiative, future use options, additionality, and the consortium for innovation. Analysis and Recommendations Many companies, including Dell, are looking into problems such as plastic pollution due to several reasons. First of all, the rise of environmentally conscious consumer base urges businesses to consider the crises related to production and waste. Second, the issue of pollution is directly related to the firm’s goods, since laptops and computers use many layers of packaging. Dell has also been interested in innovation and customer support from the beginning, which aligns with the intentions b
What do you believe is the greatest internal threat an organization faces? Why so? Any organization is a complex mechanism with a substantial number of the interdependent components, which tend to determine the company’s strategy while evaluating its external (intensity of rivalry and changes in regulations can be eliminated by altering the corporate strategy) and internal influences (Griffin 72). The importance of threats to the functioning of the company cannot be underestimated, as they assist in provisioning the trends in the industry and define the organizational decision-making plan. In the context of the presented discussion, it is critical to assess the intimidations, which have an internal presence while depicting their correlation with purchasing decision-making, value investigation, and the functions of security. Nowadays, Internet access increases the availability of the data online while increasing the means of information sharing (Linkov and LaPorte 54). Due to the continuously changing technology, any firm has to consider the essentiality of threats to data security, as the majority of the information about the organizational operations, the functioning of the staff, and other vital and confidential attributes are stored online and highly vulnerable (Bertino 47). This type of internal threat has to be prioritized since it is critical to minimize the leakage of the information from the competitors and the public due to its ability to damage the existent reputation. As for the purchasing decisions, this process has a connection with multiple levels of subordination in the organization while the insecurity of the data might reveal the information to the competitors while the wrongful decisions might have “widespread consequences felt over many years” (Monzczka et al. 53). Meanwhile, the value of investigation has an interdependence with security, as “the leverage of security objectives” has to comply with the initial corporate culture of the company while ensuring that wrongful actions will be prosecuted (Burrill and Green 117). Subsequently, the presence of these aspects emphasizes their vitality for the maintenance of internal security in the organization while eliminating the risk factors related to decision-making. Furthermore, in the context of the presented internal threat, the role of security cannot be underestimated, as it has a vehement connection with the functioning of other activities in the firm including accounting, risk assessment, auditing, continuity of the business, and the emergency management. Security monitors and controls the changes in the risks associated with these activities, and it helps avoid the negative consequences of the related risk assessment (Bertino 47). The factors mentioned above determine the vitality of the security’s function in rel
Introduction Accountability is defined as an act of person(s), organization/ institutions being responsible of the tasks assigned. Accountability is therefore, a culture that is critical in determining the success in institutions in their mandate to deliver on the assigned tasks. Health sector in this regard is mandated with the welfare of citizens’ health. For this sector to succeed in taking care of the people health, accountability has to prevalent. However, this is not the case, as the sector has failed to achieve its objectives due to lack of accountability. Below we shall look at accountability in health industry. Importance of accountability in a health industry In almost all aspects of life, accountability is very essential, although in some sensitive areas like a health facility it can save a life. In a health facility, everything carries a cost starting from doctor’s time, the prescriptions, patients’ beds, office expenses, and the staff salaries among others (Scott, 2003). In the health facilities, if any commodity is wasted, misused or may be stolen there is someone who will carry that burden, and that is either the consumer or the insurance company that is offering the cover. If everyone becomes accountable for what he or she is using, the operating costs of the overall institution would be low. In addition, the accountability is very crucial in a healthy facility, because a slight error especially by the doctor or the patient may cost someone’s life. Slight errors in a healthy facility should be reported as quickly as possible especially errors concerning the medicines and other prescriptions. The fear of being embarrassed or denying an error in a healthy facility should never be an issue as everyone can make a mistake. Measuring the employees accountability The employees’ accountability is seen in a healthy care industry through his or her working procedures. For instance if an employee can start a project with a certain patient and he or she fails to follow that project until the end, this is a show of lack of accountability of that patient (Savage, 2010). For any employee who is accountable to his or her actions, there is a regular feedback of the course of actions between him and the supervisor. The work of a committed employee has some set objectives and he or she ensures that the objectives are accomplished and the report made to the supervisor. There are those employees in healthy facilities who like delegating most of their duties to others, not knowing that their duties are very sensitive, as they are dealing with people lives. Such employees who are very fond of delegating show a quality of a person who runs away from his or her own accountabilities. In a healthy facility, there is no need of any employee to do so
Capital Ideas: The Improbable Origins of Modern Wall Street is a very fascinating book that gives a detailed account of different developments in quantitative analysis of the stock market. The author uses his experience in financial management to inform his readers on the origin and dynamics of modern Wall Street. The book is an appreciation of how investment management has been transformed by new models and theories. The author explains how the marketplace methods were changed by modern theirs and models. According to the author, institutional investment is a concept of modern finance that was developed from a variety of economic theories (Bernstein 17). Capital Ideas is a historical narrative that highlights the development of modern finance and quantitative analysis of the stock market. The author reveals to his readers the origin of modern Wall Street the relationship between modern Wall Street techniques and various research findings in modern finance. Modern finance theories are very difficult to understand but the author tries his level best to simplify them to a level where a layman can understand and analyze them. The initial chapters of this book narrate how a doctoral thesis by a French researcher known as Louis Bachellier at the beginning of the 20th century demonstrated why it is difficult to predict stock prices in a financial market (Bernstein 49). The author highlights the various financial market theories developed by different scholars especially those that touch on the unpredictability of stock prices. Famous economists such as James Tobin and Harry Markowitz are among the scholars who made a very significant contribution to the modern analysis of financial securities (Bernstein 79). The author narrates how investors ignored the new theories and concepts because they believed that the scholars who developed the theories were failures. Bernstein reiterates the need to have systematic risk control when it comes to investment returns (149). The author gives a brief background on how the 1973 bare market made the reluctant investors believe in investment management theories (Bernstein 184). The book demonstrates how technological advancements, diversification, and hedging have become part of investment management (Bernstein 188). According to Bernstein, restructuring investment practices and strategies is very critical when making big investments (195). The author of this book tries his level best to ensure that both insiders and outsiders in the capital market are in a better position to understand and predict market behavior. Portfolio analysis-risk management models have been explained in this book and the author traces their origin to give his readers a very solid background in investment management. The majority of portfolio analysis-risk management models were developed after the Second World War (Bernstein 199). The capital asset pricing model and the standard deviation model are some of the portfolio analysis-risk management models are that the author gave priority to in his book. According to Bernstein, price movements are normally assumed to be small a
Introduction: Concept Definition Nursing competence presents a multifold notion that comprises a number of professional skills. According to the study that was conducted in the University of Huddersfield, the primary characteristics of competence are rooted at the evaluation of the Registered Nurses’ skills and their abilities to perform specific tasks effectively (Garside & Nhemachena, 2011). Today, competency is relevant to the multiple health care spheres as well as educational disciplines that focus on the medical treatment. One may differentiate two diverse approaches to the conceptualization of nursing competence. The first approach is called ‘behavioristic’, for it regards a direct observation of nursing performances and analyzes the accomplishment of tasks. The ‘holistic’ approach, in contrast, targets the key characteristics and skills that are required for the efficient completion of assignments (Murrels, Robinson & Griffiths, 2009). Both views are often criticized. Due to the experts’ opinion, the behavioristic approach lacks attention to knowledge, since it analyzes only the actions. The holistic approach, according to the critics, is not effective, for it is restricted to the particular domains. Still, the approaches give a consistent idea about the concept of competence and emphasize its practical appliances. Purposes of the Concept Analysis The primary aim of the competence analysis is to provide a framework for inspecting the experiences, knowledge and practical skills that are acquired throughout the professional career. Moreover, the paper focuses upon the role of nursing competence in education. Specifically, it targets the necessity to bridge the gap between the educational preparation and real nursing practices. Therefore, the objective of the study is to reveal the competencies that have to be taught within the educational environments in order to establish the high nursing standards throughout the world. Literature Review The work is based upon a contemporary nursing theory as well as practical studies of the competence concept. Thus, such scientific articles as “Nursing competences: Personal characteristics contributing to effective nursing performance” by Zhang, Luk, Arthur and Wong (2011) as well as “A review of clinical competence assessment in nursing” by Yanhua and Watson (2011) are used to reveal the defining attributes of the concept. The outcomes of both studies are crucial for an evaluation of the core features of competence, since they provide both qualitative and quantitative data that is relevant to the analysis. Besides, in this work, the article “Competency in nursing: Concept analysis” by Tilley (2008) is referenced. This study serves as a source of model cases that underline the uses of competence. Competence Uses In its original and the most general use, competence encompasses the particular rights and responsibilities for taking some measures and making decisions. In other words, it is one of the elements of legal and moral doctrine that rules the transmission and exchange of information about taking the most appropriate actions (Ekerdt, 2005). The c