ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Concept analysis plays a crucial role in helping caregivers to discover and evaluate the existence or the need for a specific concept such as caring. Hence, they stand a better chance of developing appropriate interventions, which, in turn, contribute to the overall goal of delivering quality care to patients. This paper addresses the concept of caring, which is regarded as the core of nursing services. Madeleine Leininger’s culture of care theory will be investigated in detail to demonstrate the degree to which nurses and patients’ relatives apply the caring concept not only within hospitals but also at homes to facilitate recovery processes (Ma, Li, Zhu, Bai, & Song, 2013). This paper has various sections, which include the definition of the chosen concept of caring, a literature review about this idea, its defining attributes, some possible antecedents and consequences, and the underlying empirical referents. Before the conclusion section, the last two parts will present construct cases and theoretical applications, respectively. Definition of the Selected Concept Nursing officials are usually identified as caregivers due to their continuous application of the concept of caring within and outside healthcare settings. According to English Oxford Living Dictionaries (2018), caring is presented as an act of demonstrating compassion and concern for people in need. Canzan et al. (2014) define caring as a private attribute and a moral obligation that characterizes the healthcare industry. Studies by Ma, Li, Liang, Bai, and Song (2014) and Thompson (2014) reveal caring as an encouraging method of interacting with an esteemed individual who the society or family members have a duty to look after by providing the necessary support. These diverse views depict caring as a multifaceted phenomenon that characterizes the field of nursing. Literature Review According to Ma et al. (2014), the complex nature of the idea of caring explains Leininger’s hypothesis of cultural care diversity, which encourages scholars to examine and construe this notion from the perspectives of one’s culture. This theorist believes that care and culture are interconnected. Ma et al. (2013) regard caring as a pertinent issue that determines the future of the health sector. The article by Canzan et al. (2014) appreciates the diverse nature of patients’ perceptions of care in hospital beds or at home. Based on the degree of sickness, Canzan et al. (2014) examine how aged patients confined in hospital beds perceive the idea of caring in the health sector. Patients in need of long-term care are found to value the time that health officials allocate to talk to them on a one-on-one basis. Blomberg, Bisholt, Nilsson, and Lindwall (2015) present another
Norman Levine’s Something happened here basically revolves around the author’s visit to a small town in France and it gives a detailing of how he spent all the time he was visiting. Though he does not say why he chose to particularly the seaside town of Dieppe, it is easier for the readers to see that he may have visited because of the connection that his country has with the town. Canadian soldiers had died on the shores of the sea where the small town stands. More than anything else, Levine’s story is about the people he associated with at Dieppe especially Georges, an old widower with whom they strike an unlikely friendship. To a great extent, Levine presents the inhabitants of Dieppe as friendly and warm and he capitalizes on every opportunity to describe the ones he meets in great detail. For instance, his encounter with Georges though unplanned ends up creating a great friendship and the two spend virtually all the time that he (Norman) is in Dieppe together. Georges shows him around and even takes him to his house even though the two don’t know each other very well. The Madame who ran the hotel where Levine was staying was also very friendly and this is manifested by how she took time to appreciate his nationality and introduce him to her daughter’s friend who was Canadian (Levine 73). The story to a great extent is based on death. From the way it is told, it tends to suggest the cosmopolitan nature of the town and it is surroundings particularly because individuals from varied nationalities are buried in the town. First, we have the Canadian soldiers who passed on while struggling to get to the land. This has been confirmed by the sign at the beach which urges people to have fun while keeping in mind that some people had to lose their lives for them to enjoy the beach (Levine 73). George’s brother in law was a Polish Jew and he as well presumably died at Dieppe (Levine 70). Georges also details how thirty people died as a result of flash floods when the mayor failed to heed the call of the old priest to evacuate the people who lived at the plateau. The water managed to take away the lives of a substantial number of people as well as cause extensive destruction in just thirty minutes (Levine 68). Earlier in the story, we are made aware of the death of Colette, George’s wife and later we are told that she was buried in Paris (Levine 68). The visit to the cemetery reveals that various generations of members from George’s family have been buried within the town and this is revealed at the cemetery where we are made aware that the first de Rostaing was born 1799 (Levine 68). Though we are not told when he died, it is clear that he was buried in the cemetery. The author also tells us of the members of the Resistance movement who lost their lives during the 1914-1918 World War (Levine 68). The presence of the numerous war memorials reveals that a lot of people must have been killed in the region in this war. The Second World War must also have had its impact as it is acknowledged by the ‘occasional tombstone’ as Levine puts it. The author also informs us that the impressionist pain
All humans are endowed with inherent talents and individual capabilities which could be modeled and modulated with the right guidance at the appropriate time. Academics in the United States, with a strong social conscience, show deep concern for the academic plight of minority students and the widening gap between blacks and their white peers. “No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program aims at educational reforms through identifying areas of educational backwardness, particularly gap between language learning skills of black and white, and overhauling the teaching system for “choice schools” by imparting special training methods aimed at professional development of teachers. ‘”Under NCLP, children in the Title I-funded schools have the choice to transfer to a better school in their district if their school fails to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) in the same subject area for two consecutive years.” (Robbins, 2007). Many institutions in the United States are working to “ameliorate the academic problems of African American and other minority students” encountering “achievement gap,” through a “multi-faceted effort aimed both at raising consciousness and at offering solutions to the disparity in academic achievement between minority students and their white peers.” (Brobeck, 2006). There exist other gaps, namely: expectation gap; opportunity gap; funding gap; culture gap; health gap; and psychology gap, including issues of attitude and self-identity compounded with less experience and lower-on-the job attendance among school teachers in black-dominated schools add to the bigger issue of ‘achievement gap’. Experts opine that measurable correlates of achievement identified by Paul Barton in “Parsing the Information Gap” such as the “rigor of curriculum, the quality of teacher preparation, the level of teacher experience and their attendance on the job, class size, and the availability of technology-assisted instruction” hold good for involving the majority of academic disciplines to address the achievement gap. (Brobeck, 2006). Hence, the main focus is needed to face the issue with a strong will to identify students who are gifted rather than academically disadvantaged through a collaborative, cross-disciplinary, and comprehensive program like “Vanderbilt University Achievement Gap Project” created by Donna Y. Ford and
Overview Pain is a multidimensional percept consisting of sensory and affective components. A key function of pain is to signal the presence or potential of injury and generate an escape from the (potential) damaging stimulus. For example, cutaneous pain produced by a pin prick, is easily localized, and rapidly triggers a withdrawal response. On the other hand, deep or visceral pain produced by injury to subcutaneous tissues may not be easily escaped, thus prolonging pain sensation. Furthermore, this type of pain can be diffuse, difficult to localize, and may be associated with many detrimental effects. If the pain is both prolonged and recurring such as with chronic pain syndromes, the pain experience can evoke profound affect and emotions that can lead to psychological and psychosocial problems. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one such disorder that undeniably exemplifies the unique qualities of a chronic pain in which patients suffer severe distress with negative impact on their quality of life. Aside from the fact that IBS is a debilitating disorder that affects a notable proportion of the population, there are abundant reasons for research aimed at characterizing all aspects of this disorder. First and foremost, the mechanisms underlying this disorder remain elusive. Secondly, a component of visceral motility dysfunction contributes to the unpleasantness that is already produced by the general hypersensitivity to visceral stimuli experienced in IBS patients. Lastly, the precipitating cause of physiological abnormalities and symptoms of IBS appear to be multi-factorial. It is important to study how visceral stimuli are perceived in IBS because a principal feature of IBS is hypervigilance to visceral stimuli. Presumably, this occurs because patients with IBS perceive visceral stimuli to be extremely unpleasant. Furthermore, while rectal hypersensitivity has been considered by some to be a biological marker for IBS, the existence of peripheral viscero-motor abnormalities remains a contentious issue. While the mechanisms underlying IBS are unclear, recent neuroimaging studies suggest that IBS symptoms may be due to abnormalities in the central nervous system (CNS). The standard approach used in previous neuroimaging studies is to evaluate brain response during rectal distension. However, rectal distension provokes many reactions, some of which are not perceived (i.e., presumably for reflexes and/or homeostasis) and others which are perceived. To date, neuroimaging studies have not distinguished between CNS responses evoked by rectal d
Introduction Factor analysis is a useful exploratory tool which is helpful in determining the number of factors that should be extracted. The factors that are extracted are those that have a meaningful share of variance and the rest of the variables and their interrelationships are discarded. Variables which exhibit maximal correlation are clustered together while variables with equivalent minimal correlations are also grouped together. In the end, it becomes possible to establish a relationship(s) or factors which display the data candidly leaving out the less significant factors out. An interpretation of the factor loadings is essential in correlating extracted factors with meaningful variables (Newcastle University, 2007). For this project, the aim is to find out commonalities that are likely to exist between four variables i.e. rath (Rathus assertiveness Scale), crwone-marlowe (Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale), axin (“Anger in” scale) and axout (“Anger out” scale). Complete_mooney_bp.sav dataset based on the four variables was used to conduct Factor analysis. It is speculated that up to three factors are measured by the four instruments (scales). Descriptive statistics and correlations All the factors have the same sample size, N = 63. The mean for crowne-marlowe is.6829 and a standard deviation of.0762. Axin had a mean of 2.2560 with a standard deviation of.4543 while axout had a mean of 2.1071 with a standard deviation of.4277. Finally, the mean for rath was 3.3860 with a standard deviation of.4370. From the means, it is evident that rath i.e. assertiveness is the most important factor in determining anger in, anger out or even social desirability as it has the highest mean of 3.3860, followed by axin, axout and crowne-marlowe social desirability is the least influential variable. In summary, the Rathus assertiveness scale has the highest likelihood of being among the factors that should be retained. The “Anger Out” scale, the “Anger Out” scale and the Crowne-marlowe desirability scales then follow in that order. The Pearson correlation coefficients and their single-tailed significance values are presented in Table 2. There is a weak negative Pearson correlation between axin and crowne-marlowe and this is statistically significant, r = -.247, p =.026. A negative and weak Pearson correlation also exists between axout and crowne-marlowe but this is not statistically significant, r = -.197, p =.060. Rath and crowne-marlowe have a very weak positive correlation which is not statistically significant, r =.048, p =.353. There is a weak negative correlation between axout and axin which is not statistically significant, r = -.005, p =.486 whereas the correlation between rath and axin is negative but statistically significant, r = -.383, p =.001. There exists a weak positive correlation between rath and axout and the correlation is statistically significant, r =.286, p =.012. All
Introduction We live in a world that is seeking the best possible brains in order to carry out tasks. This is because the society and business organizations to be specific have invested in quality work with the intention of achieving the best results. This is in line with the objectives of any organization which is seeking to establish the right framework for organizational success. Organizations which are recruiting are seeking personnel and staffs who have the capability to achieve results within specific timelines and with high standards. This ensures that the organization has an edge within the market place. Consequently, organizations are seeking talented persons who are willing to do the extraordinary in order to achieve remarkable results. These are people who are recognized as the talented people. Talent has become an important aspect when it comes to managing organizations. In essence, this has turned out be an aspect within organizations which serves to oversee and ensure that the recommended aspects are attained. What is talent? This is a term which can be defined as a special ability within a person which is characterized with a unique ability to solve a problem or an issue which might be prevailing at that particular point in time . Talented people in this case are people who might be possessing special aptitude or even faculty. This is in line with a special faculty which is unique and out of the box. In the current business and organizational world, creativity and innovation are crucial. This is because they enhance the organizational edge within a given market. And in this case, talent is what is needed to infuse the existing human experience with the dynamism and creativity which is associated with the talent and creativity. Organizations are working towards creating practices which bring out the best within their existing employees. This has been done or is being done by organizations which have successfully created programs that bring out the best in their workforce. Thus, helping to recruit and train new talent from without. Building talent is crucial. This is because it employee development are critical to building and sustaining a workforce which is needed to capitalize on business opportunities. Essentially, HR practices that build workforce talent will determine whether or not companies are successful in harnessing the skills and abilities which are available. Talent management Talent is becoming recognized as an important and competitive aspect in business organizations. In essence in the current organizations, it is considered to be part of what they call the currency of business. In the recent past, companies have adopted talent management initiatives and programs which are aimed at engaging and bringing on board talented employees who have the capacity and the potential to achieve the business objectives. The focus on talent management is potentially significant for organizations because it is
According to Miller’s book, he continues to reflect in this fourth edition that “learning is best fostered by encouraging students to read, reflect, and write about serious issues” (Miller p. vii). While this book takes processes such as this into account, generally speaking it is not open to a large variety of learning styles, mentalities, and other differences which may be just as well facilitate learning through other processes than in the traditional ones. Undoubtedly, in any case, there are methods better than conventional testing which would better measure a students learning. This could be done in a multitude of ways, while the most effective seem to be comprehensive open material tests, oral exams, and lengthy research-style reports. Conventional testing has proved to be a poor measure of ability for a number of reasons. First, it only shows if students have learned a small percentage of specific information which is supposed to be comprehensive and specific enough to reveal if a student has learned the majority of the information taught. Here the flawed assumption is made that if a student has learned a certain percentage of the material in the exam, then they thus have learned the same percentage of material taught over the section which is being tested. While this may be parti
Alibaba is a profitable, e-commerce company that has transformed China’s Internet economy. Generic Strategy Competitive advantage Alibaba strives to achieve competitive advantage in the Internet economy through various differentiation strategies such as the use of technology, low-cost or no listing fees for some business units. Alibaba has relied on technology to differentiate itself and create competitive advantage in the market. Being an Internet-based company in the world’s largest Internet market, Alibaba has used technology to enhance customers’ purchasing power of products from different parts of the world. Therefore, consumers have a wide variety of choices because of Alibaba’s technology. Alibaba has also created a network of dealers. For Alibaba, the expanding network of both sellers and buyers create a significant competitive advantage for the company. A large network of customers and buyers creates valuable opportunities for different parties involved. This is a form of a ‘collective entrepreneurship’ between Alibaba and suppliers in its network. The platform to market and sell products from different suppliers is important for the company’s relationship with external parties. Technology has helped Alibaba to locate several suppliers and customers throughout the world. Today, many small suppliers rely on Alibaba’s platforms to find market. The company’s market scope Alibaba pursues a broad market strategy through its business model. The largest network created by the Internet has ensured that the company can focus on different suppliers, customers and diverse market segments. For instance, Alibaba provides different platforms such as Alipay (e-commerce transaction), Alibaba International (international trade community), Alibaba China (domestic market), Taobao and (consumer-to-consumer) among others to meet needs of its customers. This broad strategy creates economies of scope and scale for Alibaba. The company saves costs because it can provide a platform for sales of different products. In addition, larger volumes of sales generate huge incomes for the company. Strategic Issues Currently, Alibaba’s strategic approach has worked so well. In fact, the company’s IPO showed that it was the best e-commerce company in China. Alibaba has gained a reputation of success and growth for the past few years. The revenue sharing model rather than listing fees allows many suppliers to join Alibaba. A large network of merchants ensures that suppliers and customers benefit from immense traffic. Although the strategy has worked, many critics say that it cannot be sustained in the end because of market and regulation dynamics. First
Introduction In the past, Chileans persevered under the rule of successive authoritarian leaders (Veronica, 2012). During the 1970s, the country attracted international awareness by voting into office a Marxist president. President Salvador Allende, who ruled from the year 1970 to the year 1973, introduced socialism in the southern American country (Veronica, 2012). The president was later overthrown by the military in the year 1973. Following his exit from power, military leaders governed the country. Under the military rule, democracy in Chile was compromised. During the era, the country became infamous for some of the most horrible extremes of modern totalitarianism (Veronica, 2012). However, with the reinstatement of elected government in the year1990, the country was once again plunged into the global limelight. To date, democracy in Chile is still upheld as evidenced though its economic and political institutions (Edwards, 2013). The article below focuses on democracy in the country. Through this, the article will illustrate how democracy is applied in Chile. How democracy is applied in Chile Democracy in Chile is depicted in the political, economic, and social reforms undertaken since the time the democratic government was reinstated during the early 1990s (Edwards, 2013). A major factor that indicates Chile’s democracy is the country’s loyalty to its constitution. The country’s constitution, which was passed in the year 1980, allows presidential runoffs, safeguards individual rights, protects individual rights to work and own property among other features of a democratic constitution (Edwards, 2013). The ruling government adheres to the above constitution strictly. Through this, democracy has thrived in the country. Similarly, with the adoption of local participation in the country’s democracy has thrived. The country’s constitution allows the citizens to participate in the decision-making processes in their localities. For instance, citizens are allowed to vote for their leaders through open and fair elections (Edwards, 2013). Through this, the citizens have been able to hold their leaders responsible unlike during the past authoritarian leaderships. Another illustration that indicates how democracy is applied in Chile is the development of the institutions of liberty (Hite, 2004). Political scientists believe that a country cannot enjoy the benefits of democracy if it does not establish the institutions of liberty (Hite, 2004). The experts assert that a number of failed states in the third world countries have been unsuccessful because they have not established independent institutions. In Chile, these institutions are thriving. Among them are private universities, an independent electoral commission, independent central bank, private media houses, and constitutional Mining Act (Hite, 2004). The above institutions have foster