ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Early child learning and development encompasses the various skills, knowledge, and preschool experiences that are important for children during the early years. The early learning programs apart from promoting learning on top of promoting physical, mental, social, and emotional development. In addition, children, from age <one to five, who attend these programs are better prepared to learn when they join kindergarten. Research carried out by Bronson, Pierson, & Tivnan established that there is an association between children’s earlier environment influences later life outcomes with regard to behavioral problems, affected cognitive development and educational attainment (1984, p. 342). Therefore, the curriculum during the early years, apart from providing basic skills, should be able to nurture their emotional and social welfare, which is important for their cognitive and behavioral development. Blakemore and Frith (2005, p. 27), commenting on the importance of early learning write: the early learning experiences have a direct impact on the development of the child’s learning, emotional, and social skills. Therefore, schools that provide early education should also cater for the emotional and social needs of the children. Schools that cater for children from birth to the age of five years old have to adhere to 69 structured learning and development guidelines known as the Early Years Foundation Stage or the EYFS (Qualification and Curriculum Authority [QCA] 2010, p. 5). The Early Years Foundation Stage comprises of six Early Learning Goals (ELGs), which provide basic skills, knowledge, and understanding that young children should have by the age of five (Department of Children and Family Services [DCFS] 2007, p.2). Early Years Foundation Stage, implemented in 2008, aims at providing basic knowledge including language, communication, and numeracy to promote the child’s understanding of the world. It also promotes social, physical, and creative development of the child. As a result, a preschool curriculum should incorporate the various aspects of early childhood development. The Rationale for the Early Years Foundation Stage Policy The aim of the EYFS is primarily to aid young children to achieve basic knowledge through play-based learning in the early education settings. The EYFS framework is founded on the belief that, the child’s experience in early years has a major impact on the future learning and development of the child. In this respect, the DCFS (2007, p.3) emphasizes the importance of a safe and secure childhood in providing a foundation for children to explore their talents and abilities later in life. The EYFS framework has set standards for the children learning, development, and care in educational settings away from their home or family. In addition, the EYFS provides for equality to deter discrimination based on ethnicity, culture, language, physical disabilities or religion. To ensure that the educational settings meet universal standards, EYFS framework provides for partnership between the various stakeholders involved in early child learning and developm
The main question on a student’s mind when asked to be more attentive is what they stand to gain. Students need to appreciate the importance of education to focus better. However, students do not realize such issues without a teacher’s help today. Teachers impart important skills to students guided by their teaching profession and ethics. Problem-solving, learning from each other, and developing proper personalities are some of the skills to be taught without informing them what they have to do. This offers a good chance to learn from the mistakes that they make. The best method to teach and be close to students is being receptive to their criticisms. The teacher’s goal should be to always have students understand the lesson but not its end. They have to treat everyone in the same manner, to ensure they are helpers in the process. Equity should be accorded regardless of performance, friendship, or any other favorable situations. This makes all students comfortable and cooperative in class. Each student needs an opportunity since they are not equal in several ways. A teacher’s role is to teach them to live as a family where they associate and communicate well to be better students.
In her book “On Death and Denying”, Elizabeth Kubler-Ross (1969) attempted to elaborate the process through which dying people undergo as they come to terms with the reality of eventual death. Using a five-stage model, Kubler-Ross developed one of the most studied formulations of grief. Using Kubler-Ross’s grieving model, it is worth analyzing the biblical story of Job, which provides evidence that people do not necessarily pass through all the five stages. In addition, it is not necessary to follow Kubler-Ross’s order of events. Nevertheless, it is evident that grieving humans undergo some stages as described by Kubler-Ross. According to Kubler-Ross (1969), the stage of denial is the first in the grieving process. In this stage, individuals are unable to accept the fact that they have experienced loss. The author argues that grieving individuals are unable to accept this loss. Instead, they feel that the loss is unreal or is caused by a bad dream. Thus, they keep expecting that things will return to normal (Kubler-Ross & Kessler, 2006). According to the Bible, Job is described as a wise and righteous man who believes in God. He recognizes that everything comes from God, including children, wealth and a good state of health. According to the Bible, Job says, “shall we not accept the good things that God does and adversities?” This is an indication that Job accepted the fact that he had lost everything. He was aware that his loss was real and thought that it was God’s will to harm him. This is an indication that Job does not undergo the denial stage of grieving described in Kubler-Ross’s model. Nevertheless, Job hopes that God will restore everything because he has the power to do so. In this case, Job believes that his experience will soon be over, which is representative of the kind of hope that grieving people experience. According to Kubler-Ross (1969), grieving people come to a point that they recognize that their denial cannot continue. Rather than accepting the situation, they tend to experience anger, which is normally characterized with such questions as “why me?” or “who is to blame?” The individuals tend to be angry with themselves as well as those close to them. In the biblical story of Job, evidence of Job’s anger is relatively scarce in the text (Berger, 2008). For instance, he accepts that God causes the adversaries affecting him at His (God’s) own will. Instead of being angry with God (his wife pursuers him to curse God and die), Job continues to praise him. In fact, even after the three friends come to speak to him, he seems to be content with God’s work, which displays his obedience and lack of anger. Nevertheless, Job wishes to be dead and escape the impact of his miseries. He said that he was tired of living and would rather die. From Kubler-Ross’ Model, it is clear that Job experienced “Bargaining” stage of grieving. Job knows that there is an option (
The nursing theory has developed recently because the nurse’s main objective was to save a patient’s life, but not provide care for their functional health. On the other hand, Jean Watson introduced a specific theory that relates to the new nursing methods. Consequently, the work becomes critically important for everybody. New ways of caring brought nursing on a completely new level of service. In this essay, there will be explained how to use nursing theory for today’s usage to gain a positive outcome. To begin with, the theory of caring the patients is widespread these days, and the competitiveness of qualitative caring has risen many times. However, there are enough possibilities to create a patient’s positive nursing experience (Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, n.d.). The main objective for nurses is to understand that patients are aimed to be treated as people regarding their feelings and desires. Moreover, the most important aspect of caring about the patients is that there should be an interaction between patients and nurses regarding their feelings and emotions. After that, when providing care, it is critical to put an emphasis on “person-to-person” interconnection. This requires giving all of the possible care for patients regarding their needs. To be more specific, nurses should pay all of their attention to satisfy the clinical client’s demand. Finally, to generate a plausible outcome of care when nursing, it is important to understand what exactly do the patients want at the concrete moment and provide the best possible service to increase the individual’s emotional background. This requires paying attention to the fact that a patient is a person and possesses emotions and feelings. However, it is critical to provide interpersonal communication during the whole curing process. Eventually, when combining all of the aspects of qualitative nursing, it is possible to generate a positive result of a patient’s experience of being cared for by nurses. Reference Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring . (n.d.). Redlands Community Hospital. Web.
The Likelihood of Terrorist Group Use of CBRN Weapons The likelihood of terrorist groups to use Weapons of Mass Destruction is relatively high and actually needs the proper attention of the Intelligence Department. The terrorists are very much aware of the trends in technological growth, that is being experienced with regards to Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, and that the nations they are targeting like the United States of America are adopting these technologies. The terrorists are also compost of scientists who usually monitor the development of high profile weapons, which can cause mass destruction. They know that their enemies are acquiring and improving their weapon technologies (Tenet, 2000). To be able to effectively revenge or attack their enemies, the terrorists are likely to adopt the use of CBRN weapons. For instance, the enemies of the United States of American are much focused on developing these types of weapons. North Korea had tested its CBRN weapons and it is still feared that Iran may also follow suite and test similar weapons. Osama Bin Laden is known to have keen interested on developing chemical and nuclear weapons. The countries that are against the United States and its allies are likely to supply their sponsored terrorists with these types of weapons. The terrorists groups all over the world, having the knowledge of lethargic weapons held by their enemies, are engaged in the discoveries of how the rapidly growing technology may improve the lethargy of their current operations. It is important to realize also that the terrorists are aware that the high technology weapons owned by their enemies like the United States have surpassed their conventional ones. They must therefore acquire the CBRN weapons in order to operate favorably against their enemies (Tenet, 2000). The Major Trends in Terrorism in Recent Years In the recent past, terrorism has evidently taken an upward trend in terms of growth and is likely to move the same way into the future. The removal of Taliban from power in Afghanistan might have given a foundation to eliminate all acts and trends of terrorism, however, the United States of America and its allies had failed to finish the mission and instead went on to attack Iraq. The attack on Iraq and the subsequent ousting of Saddam Hussein from power has only served to fuel terrorist activities against the United States of America. The Al Qaeda network and its supporters have embarked on strengthening the network and recruiting new membership to spread terrorism against the United States and its allies. For instance, the terrorist group in Morocco bombed the Madrid railways and later mentioned that it was motivated by the U.S invasion of Iraq, again the 2005 bombing of the London subway was done by a semi-
Cigarette smoking is one of the areas that have been of concern to the society for a long time now. Efforts are always being made to curb cigarettes smoking with emphasis being laid on the health concerns of smoking. The advice seems to be falling on deaf ears as evidence from statistics continue to show high prevalence of people who smoke and are unable to quit the habit. What is causing even further worries is that the addiction is reported in the teenagers too, contrary to the common assumption that smoking addiction is evident in the adults. Teenagers are also faced with similar issues that come with addiction as adults. Statistics indicate that among the 20-50% teenagers who are addicted to smoking attempt to quit but the success rates still remain relatively low with only a third fully quitting smoking. Smoking addiction in adults has been attributed to starting smoking at the teenage years. A large number of teens are reported to be experimenting with smoking everyday marking their start of smoking with the numbers of those who start smoking daily across the world going up to over 80,000. Male teenagers register higher numbers of those who smoke than their female counterparts. Due to the constant reminders that come with campaigns on the dangers of smoking, teens have been said to register high numbers of those who make efforts to quit than the adult smokers. Smoking amongst the teenagers start gradually before elevating to addiction levels. Several reasons have been pointed out as influencing the teen’s decision to smoke. One of them is which is a common ph
Introduction Review of the film The Union: the Business behind Getting High film by Brett Harvey is one of the most excellent documentaries of modern times covering the issue of marijuana. It is indeed a movie that everyone in the united stated should be interested to watch. The Union: The Business behind Getting high is a Canadian documentary that largely focuses on the Canadian flaws in their policy on drugs. Nevertheless, the highlighted defects of drug policy are not only applicable to Canada but also to the drug policy of the United States that is very flawed. It is worth noting that the drug policies applicable in Mexico, Canada, and also in the United States are essentially intertwined in the sense that it would be practically be impossible to discuss one of the aforementioned country’s policy while excluding the rest. This documentary makes a good attempt to be all inclusive (Pua 1). The Canadian documentary focuses generally on decriminalization verses legalization, an issue that has been a center of heated debate both in the United States and Canada. According to the movie, there are a number of reasons that are advanced in support of legalization of marijuana. The most important reason for legalizing marijuana is that the government would be able to collect a very huge sum of money considering the proceeds that accrue from organized crimes such as drug cartels. Some other reasons advanced by the documentary include the ability of the government to control the sale of such drugs to minors and also collection of tax revenue. The reasons in support of legalizing marijuana as advanced by Harvey in the documentary are indeed convincing. The documentary is nonetheless incomparable to other movies because of the contribution made in it by experts in this aspect. Uncommon in other movies regarding the issue of marijuana, the Union documentary contains interviews conducted amongst high ranking government officials and politicians from Canada such as Seattle’s former chief of police, mayors, as well as senator. The documentary also includes experts such as biologists, WA, chemists, and Harvard medical doctors. This is a clear indication that the documentary by Harvey presents testimony from genuine experts, for purposes of giving an explanation and supporting why i
Ignition interlock installation is affordable across the states and helps avoid the much money spent after road accidents. Some states have set up programs that assist low-income clients with ignition interlock installation costs. According to a report by Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), installing an ignition interlock costs approximately $70 to $150 (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). Furthermore, the device monitoring and calibration costs around $60 and $80 (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). The total annual cost of installation and calibration, including breathalyzers’ monitoring costs, is $1000 (NHTSA 7). Ignition interlock installation could help avoid the expenses of road accidents, including medical fees, burial costs, car repair, and save the money lost due to reduced workplace productivity. Loss of lives is costly to the victims’ families, who are left to take care of the orphans and close family members of the deceased. Road accidents might involve family breadwinners who care for their families’ basic needs. Upon the breadwinner’s death, the immediate family members become dependent on other family members. The dead’s families incur the burial costs and take care of the deceased’s children. In the United States, funeral costs may go as high as $7000, depending on the type of funeral services the family prefers (Whitley et al.). The burial costs are more expensive than breathalyzers’ installation costs. Extending the deceased’s children’s financial needs to close family members is costly since it involves extra expenditure. The victim’s family is often left in financial hardship upon their member’s death. The use of breathalyzers among vehicles is economically beneficial since it helps avoid straining the financial costs of road accidents. The U.S government has been on the frontline in advocating for affordable interlock ignition installation that helps prevent road accidents. Furthermore, the current installation cost of the breathalyzers is affordable among Americans with average income salaries. Road accidents result in death and destruction of property, including the cars involved. Loss of lives is also inevitable during fatal road accidents causing grief and economic loss among the victims’ families. The accidents might also cause permanent medical conditions that are expensive to treat. Installation of ignition interlock helps save the costs incurred in medical expenses, car repair, burial expenses, among other consequences of road accidents. Breathalyzers help prevent road accidents that have long-term effects on the economy and victims’ families’ livelihoods. Loss of life has a long-term impact on the deceased families since they have to survive without their loved ones. Furthermore, the family has to adopt new roles and identify financial streaming channels, especially if the deceased was the family breadwinner. Some road accidents have led to many students dropping out of school due to a lack of school fees. The children might have depended on their parents, who died in the road accident. Dropping out of school may lead to indulgence in crimes tha
The word diabetes underscores a number of related diseases leading the body being unable to regulate the amount of sugar (glucose) in the human body blood. Diabetes is of three main types-type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. This paper focuses on diabetes type 1 and type 2, which are the most common types. People afflicted by diabetes type 1 lack the ability to produce enough insulin. Those affected by type 2 diabetes are unable to utilize insulin well. Insulin is a hormone that is produced by pancreases, and permits the movement of glucose into body cells from the blood where it is broken down to release energy. When one is affected by diabetes, the movement of glucose is inefficient, making the levels of glucose in the blood high. As a result, various cells starve and some tissues may be harmed due to exposure to high levels of glucose. Ten percent of people that are affected by diabetes in the US have type 1 diabetes (Wild, et al., 2004, p.1048). Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed either during adolescent or child hood. It may also result from destruction of pancreases by alcohol in older people. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed during adulthood (mostly above 45 years), and it accounts for 90% all diabetic people (Wild, et al., 2004, p.1049). The causes of diabetes are valid. Diabetes type1 is essentially autoimmune. This means that it results when the “immunity cells of the body attacks the insulin producing cells of the pancreases” (Rother, 2007, p.1499). Environmental factors such as viral infections coupled with hereditary factors may cause diabetes type 1, but genetic links are more associated with diabetes type 2. Other factors that cause diabetes type 2 include ethnicity, high amounts of alcohol intakes, overweight, large amounts of fat intakes, aging, sedentary life styles, and hypertension (high blood pressure) among other causes. Symptom of diabetes type 1 includes Ketoacidosis; a condition evidenced by vomi
Introduction Access to information in the contemporary world has become a fundamental right for citizens of many countries across the globe. In the 21st Century, conservative regimes increasingly find it difficult to restrict the free flow of information in and out of their jurisdictions. The unprecedented advancement in information and communication technologies has forced a wave of policy formulation and implementation upon governments across the world to keep up with the pace. Citizens of traditionally conservative regimes can today access almost any kind of information at will. This desirable development can also be partly attributed to the adoption of policies, which allow unrestricted access to information. In Canada, access to information policy was adopted in the early eighties (1982-83) (Racicot, 2005). Since then, there have been improvements to the policy, for example, the review that was conducted by the Access to Information Review Task Force in 2002. Therefore, the purpose of this research paper is to examine critically the report of the Access to Information Review Task Force released in June 2002 to establish the main players in its formulation and the extent of representation of their interests coupled with how well the policy has served to fulfill its intended goal. Before the enactment of the Access to Information Act in Canada in 1982, there had been several events that had transpired which influenced its enactment. In 1977, freedom to information legislation was introduced by the then Secretary of State John Roberts, under the name Legislation on Public Access to Government Documents (Macintosh, 2012). This introduction set precedence for discussions on which form the access to information policy in Canada would take. The 1979 discussion paper was somewhat a reflection on the milestones that had been achieved since the indication of the need for freedom to information legislation. The 1977 Green Paper and 1979 Discussion Paper sought to establish the best way to go about the issue by examining seven different options which include Parliamentary option, An Information Auditor, An Information Commissioner with Advisory Powers, An Information Commissioner with Powers to Order Release, Judicial Review, Internal review, and, a combination of all of the above (Racicot, 2005). Eventually parliament picked on a two-tier process for reviewing departmental decisions on access where at first level, an Information Commissioner is empowered to receive and investigate any type of complaint relating to obtaining government records under the legislation and this did not help, the commissioner or the applicant would ask a judge to review the matter (Racicot, 2005). The Access to Information Act was eventually introduced in parliament in 1980 by the then secretary of state Honorable Francis Fox with the following primary goals; to achieve a more informed dialogue between political leaders and citizens, improve decision making, and enhancing greater accountability by the federal government and its institutions to the