ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Coca Cola is one of the most famous and successful global brands specializing in the soft drinks production. Consumers in the USA and Europe have strong associations in relation to Coca Cola products and their high quality. The company has the significant international promotional experience and takes the highest positions regarding the sales and brand recognition. Moreover, the success of Coca Cola products’ distribution is based on the effective marketing strategy which is improved every year. From this point, new products or strategies proposed by the company are discussed as potentially successful. Thus, following the world trends, the company proposed the new bottled water brand Dasani in the late 1990s. Coca Cola developed Dasani and the associated marketing strategy during several years in the USA before launching the product in the United Kingdom that is why possible difficulties and barriers to enter the market were predicted and analyzed basing on the US experience (Garrett, 2004). The problem was in the fact that the aspect of brand recognition in the United Kingdom could not influence the customer loyalty because of shifting the focus to the product’s quality, issues of credibility and reliability in relation to the used water origin. The fact that Coca Cola used the purified water instead of mineral water was discussed by the public as the problem of credibility and reliability. The negative consequences of the situation were affected by impossibility to use the media sources effectively and to concentrate on changing the company’s promotion priorities. Focusing on the details of the public’s reaction to the product, it is possible to determine the factors which can be discussed as contributing to the failure of the Dasani UK launch. The first problem depended on the fact that Coca Cola promoters did not focus enough on the aspect of differentiation while using the marketing strategy which was previously effective in relation to the US market. Thus, the market of the bottled water in the United Kingdom is also segmented, but Coca Cola oriented to the wrong competitors, promoting Dasani water within the segment of the mineral waters. Thus, in spite of the fact that the non-mineral origin of the water was stated on the bottle labels clearly, this detail was not emphasized during the promotional campaign, leading to the further misunderstandings. The lack of the necessary focus on the origin of the water and its purified nature can be discussed as the second factor contributing to the brand’s failure. The next problem is connected with the price policy and attracting the target audience. The prices set for Dasani water were influenced by the brand’s policies and intensified brand recognition (Bokaie, 2007). However, the scandal associated with the water origin revealed the fact that the prices were too high in comparison with the prices in the market sector of the bottled water in the United Kingdom. To re
In any large corporation, the CEO is an organizational position that is mainly responsible to implement the strategic policies as described by the board of directors. The CEO is concerned with reporting to the board of directors. In this regard, JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) is one of the conventional financial services corporations in the world with the most influential CEO, Jamie Dimon. The firm has the highest assets of $2.3 trillion in banking services and wide market segmentation in the U.S; thus it is among the leading banks in asset banking, monetary services for clients, small industry and commercial banking, monetary transaction processing, and private equity. JPMC operates in more than 60 countries; it is built on the foundation of more than 1,000 predecessor institutions (JPMorgan Chase & Co., 2008). Therefore, the success of this firm is attributed to its historical operations and product positioning in various markets including mergers, acquisitions and a strong operating base. Jamie Dimon, as the CEO of JPM, possesses effective leadership qualities due to the fact that:  1. He is able to pursue the perfection of the banking industry through carrying strategic investment policies.  2. He is focused on executing managerial tasks.  3. He manages stress and avoids burnout throughout the organization. This is by keeping his ego in touch in regard to the challenging banking industry. According to the company’s website (jpmorgan.com), the CEO is seen as an effective leader because of:  1. His conflict handling techniques – Dimon helped to solve the financial crisis within the company and its partners.  2. His thinking methodology – he has survived many trials and even succeeded.  3. Good communication skills – he has been able to spearhead major mergers within the banking industry. Thus, the qualities of a CEO can be emulated from Jamie Dimon.
Introduction The safety of data comprises of various platforms to make sure that the information remains protected currently and in the future. It involves processes and tools, which guarantee database safety. Notably, data security remains largely a policy issue whether the information is print or internet based (InterSystems Corporation, 2012). The users and owners of the data have to be sure that the information is not vulnerable to hacking. This case study presents a discussion of the data security company based in Australia, the Replica. Discussion After long research on threats on data security, the company became determined to provide reliable solution to this developing technological problem. The company worked closely with SQL server databases and others to provide data security to computer and other system’s users (InterSystems Corporation, 2012). During the study, the company discovered that Caché had high-performance as it required, thus became the foundation for developing the data security software (InterSystems Corporation, 2012). The aim was to save most businesses from collapse due to loss of crucial data in this digital era. This made the company to innovate Replica Data Securities from Caché since it served as the basic and real-time high-speed for doing data analysis (InterSystems Corporation, 2012). At the same time, Caché demonstrated high-performance regarding transaction processing. The rationale for settling on Caché was its ability to move twofold large data (InterSystems Corporation, 2012). For instance, it is efficient, fast and can still move perfectly with terabytes of data. Apparently, this is a great performance that could execute the desired function with ease. Basing the security issues entirely on sustaining the network other than the data, which is transmitted through the system, might not solve the problem of data loss (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). It would enhance the system’s performance with limited concentration on the data, which pass through the system, regarding the loss and leakage. This is risky for most businesses, which handle bulky and sensitive data. Indeed, any loss or leakage of such data could adversely affect their operations (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). This necessitated the development of data security software that is capable of limiting the total loss and/or destruction of the information. The company made tremendous efforts in developing a unique approach of making the information stored safely (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). In this approach, the company developed high-performance software for recovering the data in case of urgent loss (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). Besides, the software could store information as long as the user needs it, thereby keeping the data safe for future use. Indeed, the security measure or device helps many corporate users to avail the data needed (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). The software is installed as a background application on PCs, workstations and laptops so that as the person uses either of the systems, the information is stored automa
Introduction Subsequent to the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, educator Jane Elliott got the understanding that she was going to do something. In her home town known as Riceville, Iowa, where she was living was completely homogeneous and, for this fact, she found out that her learners had no firsthand knowledge with inequity. A Class Divided: Then and Now records teacher Jane Elliott’s brave research and the life-altering effect it had on her scholars. The book A Class Divided Then and Now is meant for every person with different color of skin and mentality to learn how to avoid some type of unfairness or discrimination. Majority of American citizens are not part of the group that is dominant, for this reason being a minority, we experience a sense of inadequacy. According to William (2008), after reading this book, an individual might expectantly be less probable to put focus on the disparity they have with other individuals and perceive them all as equals 1 . This book aids those who do not face discrimination in their daily lives 2 , understand how it feels when discriminated upon (Abrams & Hoggs, 1999). Persons who are a part of the leading faction have no close connection with those of a marginal group and frequently feel endangered by them as a result. The leading faction comprises all wealthy, educated, white, Protestant, male, which seem to be older and heterosexual. If one lacks even one of these very attributes, an individual is then seen as a minority. In this very book though, they prefer to experiment with blue eyed persons, against those that are brown eyed. Stevenson (1959) explained that the book reviews how a reunion among the third graders who were in the movie titled Eye of the Storm 3 . Teacher Jane Elliot set them through a research in which she at first informs them on how the children that are blue eyed are better than the brown eyed. The first time blue-eyed children have more privileges, they are told they are superiors to the children with brown eyes. The next day roles are changed: the children with brown eyes have privileges, and the kids with blue are eyes are in the position of minority. The same experiment is held with grown-ups. Analysis Name calling is one of the signs of prejudices and mistreatment of people who are minorities. The book shows us that individuals who are usually accommodating, turn spiteful and discriminating, even as this generates micro Cosmo cultures in which the group ties collectively. The most remarkable idea is the detail that when the leading faction feels support, they are seen to think faster and improve on tests. It demonstrates that all we require is a little self-worth boost
The Individual Section HIV/AIDS has become pandemic in the twentieth century. It has been one of the primary concerns of medical institutions across the globe. In the twenty-first century, it has become a social and even political issue that is addressed by governments and non-governmental organizations. Admittedly, this disease (or rather its spread) is fostered by economic and social inequality. Disney (2004) claims that poverty and social injustice lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS among underprivileged people in all countries. Australia is no exception and there are many infected people, especially among indigenous people (Armstrong & Hayman, 2012). Altman (2008) claims that globalization is another factor that contributes to the spread of the disease as a variety of traditions and behavioral patterns can appear in different countries. It is important to add that western societies have considerably changed since the identification of the HIV virus. First, there was a great fear as people were afraid of the virus and did not understand what it was exactly. Then there was a complete exclusion of infected people. The disease was a kind of stigma and infected people were subjected to discrimination and alienation. People were told about a variety of precautions and healthy sexual behaviors have been promoted since the end of the twentieth century (Walsh, 2011). People also believed that they had to avoid any contact with infected people. However, things have changed significantly and many understand that infected people deserve respect and assistance (Parker, 2002). Numerous initiatives and programs promote ideas of tolerance and assistance. I believe we have advanced considerably in social justice when it comes to HIV/AIDS. At present, many are eager to participate in numerous programs and initiatives aimed at helping infected people. Moreover, officials pay quite a lot of attention to the rights of infected people. Now employees cannot fire infected people, and people cannot be rejected because of their diagnosis. Of course, there is much to be done as there is quite a lot of prejudice in society. Many are still afraid to have any contact with infected people, but we are moving in the right direction. The Discussion Part Admittedly, the existence of such diseases as HIV/AIDS has changed the way people think about health and illnesses. HIV/AIDS spreads easily and knows no boundaries. Infected people continue living their lives but, at some point, they suffer from painful symptoms and die. The disease can affect anyone and there is no cure. Anyone can get infected and no one can feel safe. All these peculiarities of the
Introduction Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) supplies both electricity and gas utilities to its clientele, mainly based in California. The company has expressed its long-standing commitment to manage its corporate responsibility, through addressing the safety issues of its workforce and public, achieving diversity and widespread inclusion, constantly addressing issues related to environmental performance, as well as integrating customer energy programs within its system, and ensuring economic vitality is attained by the external communities served (PG&E 2013, para 1). PG&E equally follows an environmental policy that underscores the company’s dedication to addressing and managing the environment effectively. The company has offered to comply entirely with the stipulated laws and regulations on the environment (PG&E, 2013, para 3). The company intends to explore areas that will enable it meet the standards that are set to avoid pollution. The company would also ensure conservation of rare species. The company’s other policies on environment entails improving the existent management programs, as well as the environmental excellence standards and innovation, to ensure a reduction of its impacts on the environment (PG&E, 2013, para 4). Other significant areas that the company has shown strong commitment in addressing related issues include crisis and catastrophe management. This essay particularly intends to carry out an elaborate analysis of the firm’s style along with the approach of management and conduct an assessment on its capability to sustain its management in these areas. Historic Analysis of the Company’s Performance Corporate Social Responsibility In 2003, PG&E Corporation produced its first report on corporate social responsibility where seven critical performance values were highlighted. Firstly, the company put the health as well as the safety of its employees at the forefront, where no job that is ascertained as unsafe would be conducted or pursued by the company. Secondly, the company offered to treat its “customers, the neighbours, workers, shareholders, business partners, and each other the way we would want to be treated, that is, honestly, respectfully, ethically, and fairly” (PG&E Corporation, 2003, p. 3). It was the resolve of the company to keep registering good returns to ensure that investors would be drawn to the company. In terms of the environment, the report highlights PG&E’s intentions of maintaining a perfect environment, and disclosing to the investors and general public about the important corporate governance efforts being undertaken (PG&E Corporation
Differences and Similarities between Public Policing and Private Security Law enforcement officers in the public sector have the duty of ensuring that society is as crime-free as possible. Their training is from taxpayers’ money. Public police officers are expected to serve all people, irrespective of their location, culture, religious affiliations, race, and nationality, as long as they fall within their jurisdiction (ASIS International, 2014). On the other hand, private security is made up of guards who are hired by citizens, organizations, and businesses to offer protection to apartment buildings, workplaces, malls, gated communities, and in some instances, to break strikes. Their funding does not emanate from public coffers. Hence, they are not accountable to society. For this reason, they cannot bear the blame for not responding to an incident of a crime if the affected entities have not subscribed to their services. Rather, they are accountable to their employer and/or anyone who pays them for their services. This situation limits their role in society as a whole to specific cases. Private security guards are not allowed to make arrests. Their function mainly revolves around deterring criminal activities through their presence. Therefore, they are required to report cases that need arrests to the police department. On their part, public police officers have the authority to arrest criminals and/or book them for further questioning and imminent prosecution where necessary. However, it is crucial to note that private security and public policing share similar goals. Private and public security officers have a duty of offering protection to certain entities. While private security officers focus their efforts on specific entities that have subscribed to their services, public officers also offer the same kind of protection, although on a wider scale where they incorporate more persons and entities, irrespective of whether they have subscribed to them or not. In addition, they require one to undergo some form of training before he or she is allowed to offer the services (ASIS International, 2014). Law enforcement officers are trained in police academies while private guards receive their training mainly from the various private security firms that are available in the market. Variation of Leadership between Private Security and Public Policing Roles Leadership in the private security sector and public policing varies significantly. In the private sector, people who are tasked with leading a security firm’s activities are selected through various processes that are predetermined by the relevant firms. Such processes are set as standard procedures in their recruitment policies. They may or may not be experts in security affairs. It is upon the management of the boards of the various firms to choose the kind of formula to use in determining the leadership of the respective firms. The management departments of the respective private security companies determine the roles and positions of their officers. These staff people are expected to maintain their functions within the requirements
Introduction Leadership is an essential part of efficiency within any domain of humans’ work. In the context of the army, the perspectives and approaches to leadership have several distinct characteristics. A leader has to make decisions that correspond with the objectives of the state. He or she should possess an authority so that others respect the tasks. This aim can be accomplished through appropriate day-to-day behavior. Also, the development of personal characteristics and competence is necessary. An effective leader in the army must possess many leadership attributes. This includes having a demeanor that shows character, presence, and intellect. The Difference between Interpretations of Leadership Arguably, army leadership differs from that of leadership in other fields, for instance, business. It is because the strict rules determine the relationships between the subordinates and supervisors. The ADRP-6-22 Army Leadership statement outlines the main characteristics and responsibilities of a leader (Headquarters, Department of the Army 4, Straus et al. 5). According to this doctrine, a leader is responsible for acting in the best interest of the establishment. Hence, all of the efforts should be directed at improving the work within the organization. From a leadership perspective, one should have an understanding of the work specifics. Also, the recognition that the army can accomplish goals through mutual work is crucial. Therefore, army leaders must focus on cooperation and the overall purpose of the institution. Work on Education and Competencies Enhancement One aspect of leadership is the need to work on education and competencies enhancement. Additionally, a prospective leader should seek feedback and participate in training. This targets the improvement of a character and the ability to lead in real-life conditions. The ADRP-6-22 Army Leadership doctrine argues that subordinates should also work on these elements. Army leaders are responsible for the use of weapons and the lives of their soldiers. This requires them to have strong values reflected in their character and demeanor. The crucial element is the integrity that is a representative feature of an army leader. This element is the reflection of ethical standards and adherence to legal rules. Through it, an army leader can establish the confidence of others in the decisions he or she makes. Hence, integrity as a character strength is necessary for developing leadership attributes. Self-Concept Another element of character that defines an army leader is a self-concept. In general, it is a definition a person has of himself or herself (Headquarters, Department of the Army 3-5). It is imperative that a proper army leader understands this role. This incorporates an acknowledgment of responsibilities and tasks (Headquarters, Department of the Army 3-6; Guerra). Additionally, the perception of others and organizational value should be considered by this individual. Therefore, self-concept is an essential attribute of leadership in the context of the army. Presence is the concept that refers to the availabilit