ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Hayter (1) defines collective bargaining as a process through which employees negotiate their terms of payment. The demands of the employees are presented to the worker’s unions and they relate to health insurance, retirement benefits, overtime payments, occupational hazard compensation, and payments relating to safety in the workplace. Before the bargaining procedures, employees normally hold discussions about the terms of payment that would promote their quality of life. Similarly, Clark, Delaney, and Frost (1) report that the process enhances industrial affairs and the relationships between the workers and the employers. Hayter (2) notes that the worker’s unions have mutual interests since the negotiations benefit their members. According to Colosi, Thomas, and Berkeley (2-3), the unions usually select members to represent them during the negotiation procedures, which are held between the employers and the worker’s union committees. Legally, it is mandatory to have a contract outlining the agreements after the collective bargaining process. In the United States, for example, the majority of workers in the public and private sectors have the right to collective bargaining (Ameglio and Blanpain 2). In reference to Magda, Marsden, and Moriconi (608-609), a collective agreement is a contract that stipulates the pacts made between the employees, union representatives, and employers, and it outlines the agreed terms of payment. All the parties must participate in compiling the collective agreement, and its major purpose is to renew the terms, conditions, and rates of payment (Kriechel, et al., 3). In summary, collective agreements constitute; coverage clauses, mechanisms to solve future problems, conditions relating to the agreement, and the expiry dates. The current research aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of collective bargaining. Advantages of collective bargaining Ameglio and Blanpain (2-4) note that the success of worker’s unions would be hindered in the absence of collective bargaining. This is because the process enables them to look out for the best interests of their members. Additionally, collective bargaining allows the workers to get better salaries and benefits. Although the unions still require the workers to pay membership fees, Dimitriu (489-490) indicates that they improve the future of the employees and the society. The renewal of the agreements after some time ensures that the employee’s benefits continue increasing and hence meet the demands of their families. The notice to bargain is a document that marks the beginning of the procedure. It guarantees that the employees have sufficient time to think about the kind of benefits and terms of payment that they desire. Ameglio and Blanpain (3) argue that mutual
Nowadays, the process of globalization in the world has a strong tendency to affect all the important areas of human life. From day to day global culture becomes more and more autocratic in every land; even in such lands where it can be hardly expected to happen so. The global culture is mostly affected by the western values including the western religious values. Post-modern tendencies in the development of religious thought led to the development of secularism theories. Overall, the main contributions by the representatives of different schools exploring secularization tendencies are in establishing a close connection between global economical tendencies, political developments, and the decline in the popularity of religion on a global scale. The Impact of Globalisation on Modernity Modernity, or the complex cultural perceptions and social relations that appeared in the world with the development of capitalism, are greatly affected by the process of globalization nowadays. Globalisation is the characteristic feature of the global politics. Thus, all the world countries are involved in the process. The main aspect of the process is the emergence of global consciousness which makes people follow the principles of globalisation. Moreover, speaking about globalisation, the scholars focus on the peculiarities of the economic development of countries and their interconnectedness in this field. Globalisation as the phenomenon typical for the contemporary society is predominantly based on such economic issues as the effective trade and the global cycle of finances. That is why globalisation is the significant factor of the development of the international relations. Economic and political globalisation that is taken to the point of unprecedented global integration causes the formation of religious traditionalism on a global level. Global religious mindset is now subjected to the western impact that causes the boost of the process of secularization in the world 3 . This is explained by the breakdown of religious values in the western countries. Modernity has an immense influence on the development of religious thought by the representatives of different schools of interpretation of the processes of Secularisation. According to Omar Lizardo and Michael Strand. Recent writings on the relevance of postmodernism for contemporary inquiry in social theory appear to have largely converged in reaching the conclusion of the increasing waning of concern with the modern/postmodern religious problematic and its gradual replacement by the notion of religious globalization. Postmodernism has thus been tamed and safely integrated into the current social order where the place of religion is greatly affected by the concepts of secularism. In general, this influence can be evaluated as religious decline in modern-day globalized society. People tend to pay more attention to material values and self-realization than to religious matters. This concept is reflected by modern secularization sociologists and philosophers from different angles. According to “Future Directions in the Socio
XYZ motor company is a medium-sized public corporation. The corporation is a United Kingdom-based motor vehicle manufacturer and financier with global sales of about $170 billion. A review of the corporation’s culture and organization reveals that the company has a brilliant record of social performance. However, radical changes should be made to make the corporation’s business viable, profitable, and sustainable in the long run. In the last financial year, the corporation recorded a loss of $3 billion in its manufacturing division. Nonetheless, the loss was compensated by a profit margin of $5 billion made by its finance division. The corporation employs about 6,000 people in its production, administration, and research departments. The corporation has been in operation for the last 50 years. During this time, XYZ Corporation has acknowledged the presence of trade unions. The union representing professionals in the manufacturing and mechanical sector is the largest in the corporation. The general workers’ union follows this union. The corporation’s unions are so influential that they act as a benchmark for negotiations over pay for the entire industry and, more so, for the general workers segment. The global overcapacity in the automobile industry has had a significant impact on the corporation’s operations. Nearly all the principal motor companies are minimizing on production and reducing the number of employees. Consequently, most companies are coerced to close some of their operations or downsize them. Similarly, XYZ C
Introduction The unexpected demise of a patient in the course of hemodialysis is an unusual happening. The occurrence of cardiac arrest in the course of dialysis is approximated to be seven people out of one-hundred thousand sessions of hemodialysis. Out of the cases of cardiac arrests that emerge, about 13 per cent of them end up in deaths in the dialysis facility and 47 per cent pass away on their way to the hospital. The reason for death in most of these instances lies in cardiac arrhythmias, which is taken to be the main frequent cause (Booth, Pinney, & Davenport, 2010). Cardiac arrest has as well occurred in the course of dialysis secondary to the unusual incidences of emboli, serious hemodialysis, and difficulties associated with improper dialysate handling. Pericardial effusions are common in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, they are normally associated with uremia or the utilization of minoxidil. The medical presentation handles the range from the establishment of resultant symptomless outburst on echocardiograph to cardiac tamponage with demise. The first instance of deadly hemopericardium emanating from holes in the vena cava was accounted in 1981. Perforations in either the vena cava or atrium dextrum in the course of hemodialysis as witnessed in 1981 is an unusual source of cardiac tamponage. This paper discusses the philosophy of nursing discipline associated with hemodialysis and cardiac issues. Area of interest Apparently, person-to-person or patient-centered care is related to the excellence of care. Significant research can make it possible for the nurses to learn and adapt patient-centered care. Research by Jablonski (2007) provides three important themes. These themes are affiliation between the relations of patient with providers of medical care, organizations and their personal experience of disease and heath, the degree to which the organizations attempt to satisfy the requirements of patients, and integration of the views of the patients on the excellence of healthcare as offered by health care givers and devisers. In his article, Jablonski evaluated the theoretical as well as experiential studies, examined the dimensions of patients having hemodialysis and efforts of doctors and nurses with respect to cardiac issues and quality of health care (Jablonski, 2007). Research affirms that the relations between nurses and p
Abstract CHF is a health condition that affects normal operations of the body of a human person by interfering with the supply of blood to other body parts leading to the impairment of their normal functioning. The condition affects many people in different countries throughout the world. The U.S. is one of the developed countries that are affected by the CHF patients. It is estimated that about 5.3 million Americans suffer from this condition. Due to the critical nature of the condition and other factors, this study seeks to establish reasons for increased number of CHF patient readmission in a local setting (Nasif & Alahmad, n.d.). Using the quantitative research method, the study will examine readmission patients in a local hospital that has a 300-bed capacity. From the study findings, CHF patient readmissions are caused by various factors such as non-compliance to medication, smoking, drinking alcohol and lack of diet modification (Pitt, et al. 2000). Introduction Chronic Heart Failure is a medical condition in which the heart of an individual is unable to pump enough blood to other parts of the body in order to enable them function as required. The condition is serious and could lead to other medical complications affecting patients if the condition is not detected and treated early. CHF condition is prevalent in all countries throughout the world. Using quantitative research method, this study examines reasons for the readmission of CHF patients in the local setting. Some of the established reasons for CHF patient readmissions were smoking, medical noncompliance, dietary changes and drinking (Brophy, et at. 2001). Problem Statement CHF is an issue affecting many people and public health systems in different countries across the world. More than 20 million people worldwide are affected by CHF while 2% of prevalent patients are reported in developed countries. Nasi & Alahmad (n.d.) note that the American Heart Association has reported that there are 5.3 million Americans suffering from the CHF condition with 660,000 new patients being reported annually. The occurrence of the condition is about 10 people per 1000 persons in the U.S. population. Due to health implications brought about by the CHF condition, about 287,000 people die every year. In spite of increased infection rates of CHF, the success rate of treating the conditions has also increased (Georgiou, et al. 2001). On the contrary, the problem remains high in rural settings that are characterized by high readmissions of CHF patients. Therefore, this study investigates reasons for high CHF patient readmission in a local setting (Jong, et al. 2002). Literature Review The condition affects both individuals and the economy. The public health sector is forced to spent large amounts of money on the treatment of CHF patients every year. According to Nasif & Alahmad (n.d.), the U.S. spent about $34.8 billion in 2009 whose large part went to hospital readmissions. The centers for Disease control and prevention indicate that African American population in the U.S. contracts CHF at the rate of 70% compared to other population groups that have lower levels. In additio
Introduction Japanese film industry provides as an example of the way cultures can wrap images of their perceved ‘others’ in a form of artwork in which they appear to embrace its culture and traditions. These images are not usually harmless, they point out the fears and desires possessed by a large segment of a particular culture, they also bring out stereotypes in order to allay that fears or satisfy that desire, Japese culture for this instance. Hollywood is continuing to develop Japanese images in their films for example “Back to the Future” film that has changed American perception towards Japan and the Japanese people. Japanese cultures in film has been able to influnce media houses in Hollywood in developing somethind similar to it (Remakes), Sushi restraunts and anime series in our silver screens have become a hit. On the other hand Japan has also been influenced by Hollywood films in building suburbian houses and English-language movies that have helped students speak fluently. The relatioship in movie production between Japan and Hollywood has been mutual since Hollywood has helped Globalise Japanese movies and even provided ready market in its country. Background Japanese cinema began in 1886 with the premiere of Edison’s Kinetoscope. In 1887, a French Cinematography Lumiere brother’s was introduced to the Japanese Cinema. In 1898 Japenese and French cinematographers continued to work together and shot various scenes from different locations na making making the movie together. In 1897, the fiirst Japanese film was made that concentrated its scenes on dancing geishas and live street movies. Geishas were happy to show case their dancing techniques to the visual documentations. The first feature film was introduced in 1898 made by the same cinematographer and actor that was based on dramatisation of a robber’s famous arrest and another comedy about a person playing prank on a man sleeping on a park bench. After that another short film was introduced known as the Game of Autumn Leaves. Gam
Comparing and contrasting the ideas of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Introduction The constitution of the United States was and still is the highest governing republic’s supreme law of the United States. It was put into action as the supreme law in 17th September, 1787 by the constitutional convention held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [1] Ever since it was drafted, ratified and subsequently amended, it has withstood the tests of time until it ended up being one of the best constitutions in the world. The relationship between the American Revolution and the constitution The American revolutionary war for independence was the war rebelling the American colonies against the Britons that led to the successful attainment of independence of the United States in 1776.However, since the main purpose for the American Revolution was to set free the American colonies from foreigners or even the British rule, the American Constitution thought it was best to set up a frame work that would ensure freedom without limitations for all American citizens. [2] The constitution was drafted in such a way that it was very difficult or rather impossible for any other person or group of persons to deny Americans their freedom. This made sure that no one was able to impose their will on the American people without approval. However, in order to make the constitution a citizen based constitution, there was need to have it ratified in order to show the togetherness of the American people. The preamble to the American constitution was changed to start with the words, “we the people…” The Comparison and the contrast of the ideas of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists The term federalists in American history mainly referred to two instances and in the first case the term is used to refer to the public figures or statesmen who made the ratification of the proposed constitution of the United States possible and it is closely related to the federalist papers which were an 85 articled document written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison. [3] They advocated for the ratification of the American constitution. However, the anti-federalists were the distinct counter movement group that was did not like the bringing up of a stronger national government under the constitution. This group made up their minds to leave the government under the auspices of the articles of confederation intact. This article of confederation and perpetual union was the American republic’s first governing document that had been made in 1777. [4] In the second perspective, the term is used to refer to the people who were in support of George Washington’s administration and were later given the name the federalist ‘party’. The federalists favored the system of power wher
Executive Summary Being incorporated in Sweden , IKEA holds more than 20% overall market share in Sweden , also able to expand successfully over the last twenty-five years in executing what no furniture distributor has ever endeavoured to turn to be an international player in an industry where it was regarded to be local earlier. IKEA is the largest furniture retailing giant with a turnover of just 1 million Euros in 1954 and its total turnover has reached 22713 million Euros in 2009 and just 1 store in 1954 to 301 stores in 37 nations in 2009. In UAE, it has two retail stores besides in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Today, IKEA is renowned for its low-priced quality furniture to major markets around the globe. IKEA is the only distributor in its field to have victoriously made itself in whole of the Europe including Eastern and Southern Europe and more noticeably in USA and in whole of the North America. It is really astonishing how IKEA is managing this vast network of diversity and it appears to be in a characteristic bond of sorts with a robust corporate culture footed on the company’s founder. IKEA acknowledges that cultural variances can result in challenges and misapprehensions but at the same time, they can remain as an incredible source of advantage. IKEA spreads its culture through its “IKEA Style” by organising seminars for all of its employees whereby the organisations values and roots are detailed and deliberated. Some of the newly joined employees are allowed to make a trip to Sweden where they used to visit the shed where the founder of the IKEA established his business at the start. Some of the employees are even made as an ambassador of the culture they belong. (Hoecklin 35). Impact of cultural diversity on individuals and organisation Identity Structures The mixed group of identities that are seen in the business organisation and the muscle of individual’s connection with particular identities and for instance , despite all people have a gender identify , they differ greatly in the extent to which this identity is significant to them in their own self –definition. (Cox & Beale 33). Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice refers to the prearranged negative demeanours towards individuals on some group identity. When prejudice demeanours get transformed into demeanours, the discrimination happens. Since discriminations and prejudice are pertinent to a number of group characteristics in business organisations and since, they can be specifically damaging to interperson
Costing systems There are several costing systems used to evaluate the cost of sales and inventory in any organization. To deal with the issue of cost accounting, merchandise, and determination of income, companies adopt inventory-costing methods. These are either “first-in, first-out (FIFO),” “last-in, last-out (LIFO),” or “weighted average” methods (Crosson, Needles & Powers, 2010). These methods entail specific cost flow assumptions used in assigning costs to inventory. FIFO implies the assignment of previous expenses to the cost of goods sold and revenues, as new purchases are set to list. LIFO is the reverse of FIFO, where accounting assigns the most recent costs to goods sold, while their oldest prices are given to inventory. Meanwhile, the weighted average costing method uses an averaging system for unit costs to measure the costs of units sold and ends of list (Kinney & Raiborn, 2008). These methods differ and are similar in many respects, for example, in terms of cash flow assumptions. For FIFO, inventory begins with net purchases, followed by goods available for sale and, lastly, the cost of goods sold (Kinney & Raiborn, 2008). This is also applicable to weighted average price and LIFO because the physical flow of inventory abides or does not abide by assumptions of cost flow. The three methods differ in that LIFO creates the lowest income, FIFO produces the highest income, while weighted average cost makes an amount an average of the two ways. The reason LIFO is useful for inventory while it creates low profits is that it lowers the income tax bill (Kinney & Raiborn, 2008). Organizations use LIFO to present financial statements because “it matches recently incurred costs with new generated revenues” (Crosson, Needles & Powers, 2010). On the other hand, FIFO is preferred for it reports new costs to a company’s balance sheet. Salary raise negotiation The last negotiation, which I planned and strategized for, was a salary raise negotiation. The planning was vital since I took into consideration the “no-salary raise” attitude the company had adopted following the recession. The first step was the identification of issues and objectives, which assisted in creating a positive attitude. These objectives assisted in the accurate identification and evaluation of possible offers the company would place on the table. Moreover, it offered the ability to understand any alternative proposal, weakness, or strength that would exist in the negotiation. Ideally, the planning process was designed to create a skilled negotiator, defined by Rackham (1999) as a negotiator who “explored a range of options, found common ground with the other party and spent time factoring in long-term implications” (347). The strategy adopted entailed the use of set objectives and goals identified in the planning process. Secondly, this accompanied the identification of probable approaches that the company would use. This enabled the plan to make an asses