ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction God is absolute and has every right to exercise His authority. His word is final because of the powers He has over all beings. God is infinite, and people cannot understand his nature. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the nature, degree, and words of God in order to explain His true nature. The Roles that God Assumes when Reigning and the Doctrine of Resolution God is the center of the universe. He controls all aspects of creation. All the attributes of God are core and supreme. God is sovereign in salvation. He has the power to demonstrate mercy, justice, holiness, forgiveness, and wrath. God is love, and His love supersedes the capabilities of man. The Plan and Purpose for God’s Sovereign Election God’s sovereign election is His act of choosing Jesus Christ as the savior. He made this choice on the basis of no foreseen advantage. The aim of electing Jesus was to save all sinful beings through his grace. The people elected by God are those who are set to receive salvation. God’s sovereign election surpasses the goodness of those chosen. He chooses at his pleasure. God’s Purpose and Providence in Creation God’s ultimate plan is to reveal Himself to human beings. He uses His capabilities to be conscious of everything that occurs and make certain revelations. He sees everything at once. Similarly, He proclaims events simultaneously. It was his plan to create the universe, human beings, and Angels. His aim was to ensure that salvation becomes a fruit available to everyone. God’s purpose was to elect those who believe in salvation and at the same time condemn the non-believers. Definition of Miracles and Why God Allows Them to Happen A miracle is an event that cannot be explained by human beings. It follows the laws of nature. Experiments cannot reveal their mode of occurrence. People associate miracles with God and His chosen subjects. The subjects include miracle workers, religious leaders, and saints. Miracles can work along or against nature. An example of a miracle is the healing of patients suffering from AIDS. God allows miracles to happen in order to strengthen the faith of human beings. He intends to make people live in divine health and administer total healing to mankind. How God Makes Himself Known God makes himself known through all of his creation. Through the creation of the universe, God shows harmony and order. The formation of the world’s invincible qualities like eternal power and heavenly nature have been known, understood, and perceived from everything made by God. King David wonders how God notices human beings despite the fact that He made the sun and other heavenly bodies. The Fatherhood Roles of God God is interested in the affairs of human beings, the same way a father seeks to guarantee the well-being of his children. In the Holy Trinity, God comes first, then Jesus and finally the Holy Spirit. God is the creator, giver of life, giver of the law, and the protector. God, through Jesus Christ, is the savior of mankind. God’s Major Characteristics God is eternal, immutable and reliable. He is just and does not show favor for any
Introduction Marketing is a process of numerous activities all meant to influence the decision-making process of a consumer. It is defined as a process of communicating the values of a product or a particular service to the customer to influence their decision to purchase it (Grewal & Levy, 2012). This is a review of a banned advert showing a pregnant woman taking ice cream. The advert can be found on the internet in the Belfast telegraph’s website. It is an advert meant to promote consumption of ice cream among pregnant women. The company has vowed to defy the regulators’ ban notice by placing other adverts with the same theme on its website. This paper seeks to analyze the advert and identify the groups left out, the author’s assumptions, its influence, and its impacts on customers’ decision-making process. Analyzing the Author’s Assumptions Looking at the image of the pregnant nun, it is evident that the author assumes that pregnant women are more inclined to taking ice cream. The author through the advert is trying to evoke the tendency of pregnant women to crave for such sweet products. This advert is clearly provoking the craving effect in pregnant women and the author hopes to catch their attention through controversy (Ahlstrom & Bruton, 2009). The advert is making mockery of the Roman Catholic followers hence creating a controversial attention. This advert is portraying pregnant women to be the most suited consumers of the product. The absurdity of having a pregnant nun on the picture is provocative and has a humorous inclination that will definitely attract the consumers’ attention. The use of pregnancy will also help in influencing the pregnant women to buy the product (Holt & Cameron, 2010). The author seems to take advantage of the fact that pregnant women are treated well in the society and people will get them whatever they ask for. Pregnancy craving is clearly being provoked in this advert. The author seeks to influence his/her target consumers’ behavior. Consumer Groups Excluded in the Advert This particular advert has concentrated on one particular market, which is pregnant women. The most conspicuous group that has been left out in this advert is men. By using a woman, and most importantly a pregnant woman, the author clearly shows that the product is meant for women only. This advert cannot appeal to the male consumers. The best it can, when it comes to influencing men, is attracting husbands with pregnant wives. Another group that has been left out in this advertisement includes young and single women. Young women who are not pregnant will not find this advert attractive, hence, it will not influence their buying behavior (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh, & Best, 2013). In many cultures, pregnant women are respected and some of the products that are labeled to belong to them are left for them by the entire society. There is also the cultural belief in some societies that men cannot use what has been left for the women. This cultural belief will therefore not influence men’s behavioral change to persuade them to buy the product. The
Introduction Majority believe that Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have the moral obligations to support poor countries because of their financial capabilities. However, most of the firms have been subjected to ethical examination concerning their conduct of exploiting the resources in hosting nations. In fact, libertarian theorists supported the notion that multinational corporations have the moral responsibility of giving back to the society in any form that is deemed beneficial. The reason is that the resources multinational corporations continue to exploit should benefit the whole society. On the contrary, critics argue that the major aim of such organizations is to exploit the resources of host nations for economic, social and ecological expansion. Further, multinational corporations participate in criminal activities that undermine the human dignity (Donaldson 70). The paper argues for the case basing the arguments on various theoretical framework, including libertarianism as well as Avoid, Protect and Aid rules of MNCs toward the society. In other words, the paper will focus on the Avoid, Protect and Aid rules of MNCs toward the society to bring out clearly the reasons why multinational corporations have ethical obligation to fulfill. However, the paper will utilize the rights in the global market concept to criticize the views held by libertarian theories to analyze the benefits of MNCs considering treatment of native employees, foreign ventures, transfer of modern expertise and management techniques. The rights in the global market concept examine the need for multinational corporations to uphold individual rights particularly in host countries. Libertarian theories According to libertarian theories of the corporate and global capitalism, multinational enterprises have moral obligations of returning proceeds to stakeholders within the bounds of moral side-constraints that are grounded in the rules of the game (Arnold 158). In addition, the return of profits should be within the precincts of societal anticipations, including promotion of background institutions, legal obligations, morals as well as social corporate responsibility. Core to the benefits multinational institutions offer to the society is the economic aid that is geared towards alleviating societal tribulations. Avoid, Protect and Aid rules of MNCs The realization of social and economic rights Multinational corporations have inserted a lot of social and economic influence in the affairs of the host countries. In fact, with decreased influence of government agencies on the public affairs, multinational corporations are part of the private entities that have increasingly gained a lot of influence on the public affairs. Benefits the public is likely to get from the MNCs are part of the economic rights of an individual. In fact, multinational corporations realize their goals to the community through many ways. The first important avenue is the societal institutions. Streng
It is practically impossible to operate without banks nowadays. Some people have excess money than they need while others run short of the amount they require for their investment opportunities. Banks come in handy to help in channeling money from people who have excess to those who lack money. Similarly, cases of theft could be highly pronounced if everybody kept his or her money in the house. Consequently, banks have helped in enhancing economic growth as well as improving living standards of many people. In this regard, it is important to understand the origin of banks. At the same time, it is crucial to note that banks are not entirely advantageous and there are instances when banks have been blamed for escalating an economic problem thus, calling for government regulation. The history of banking can be traced back to the days when goldsmiths used to keep pieces of gold for people and issue them with receipts. These people were expected to give back the receipts and collect their pieces of gold whenever they wanted to transact. It was later discovered that the process was cumbersome and goldsmiths started issuing receipts for specific values of gold. Thereafter, people stopped withdrawing the pieces of gold and simply exchanged the receipts during their transactions (Grossman, 2010). Consequently, goldsmiths realized that they always had stocks of gold with them and started making extra receipts for the same pieces of gold, and made a lot of money. This gave birth to the loaning system used by modern banks. Modern banks also take cue from ancient family owned banks of Italian rich cities. Currently, banks accept deposits and give loans to people and corporations both private and public (Kaufman, 2003). There are different types of banks in United States which are categorized according the primary regulator of the institution. Using this form of categorization the banks in United States can be grouped into five groups. Firstly, there are banks known as national banks. These banks are regulated by the federal government and are required to be members of the Federal Reserve. Secondly, there is a group known as Federal savings association. Though the federal government is the primary regulator, these banks are not members of the Federal Reserve (Grossman, 2010). However, these banks are members of federal Home Loan Banks system and a chunk of their business is supposed to be in mortgage lending. Additionally, there are banks known as state member banks which are regulated by the Federal Reserve. However, these banks are not compelled to be members of the Federal Reserve. The other type consists of State Non Member Banks. Though they are organized under state laws, these banks are not members of the Federal Reserve and are regulated by Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Lastly, there is the State Savings Association which is similar to Federal Saving Association banks only that it is regulated by FDIC (Grossman, 2010). Though banks have highly contributed towards development of various countries, they have been highly blamed for some problems. To begin with, banks hav
Introduction Crowdsourcing is the outsourcing of a task to the crowd through an open call, where skilled workers voluntarily agree to the arrangement and receive various compensation benefits in return for their work. People go into crowdsourcing for monetary gains, personal and social rewards, as well as the crowdsourcing ideology (Shepherd 2012). Outsourcing is a relatively old business practice, where companies rely on service providers to handle their non-core business activities like security as aspects of a manufacturing process (Kaganer et al. 2013). Both crowdsourcing and outsourcing have advantages and disadvantages. In many cases, the goals of a business and its operating environment determine the suitability of the two concepts. The main difference is that outsourcing requires minimal control of the production process, but it offers overall control of the quality and deliverables’ demands for goods and services. In crowdsourcing, firms relinquish control and deliverables and allow the crowd to respond to emerging issues dynamically (Brabham 2011). Examples of companies tend to use crowdsourcing instead of outsourcing Threadless is a T-shirts company that uses crowdsourcing as part of its business plan. It gives members of its social network, who are more than two million, the creative control over the products that the company offers to the market, especially the T-shirt designs. Members submit and vote for the best designs, where the winners get compensation when their designs are printed and sold by the company as part of the business (Coburn 2012). The Threadless example shows that companies are encouraged by the ability to meet high innovation and creative designs at a minimal cost as the generic tools for crowdsourcing ideas are already available freely or at affordable rates. The FoundersClub is a company whose business is the provision of an angel investment platform. The business allows investors who have a few resources to make angel investments in the company, which they would otherwise not be able to do. The FoundersClub requires members to commit small amounts annually for funding activities. It then pools all the funds and invests in different companies. Thus, the FoundersClub can get money for investment without having to work with a particular financial partner, such as a bank, as its primary supplier. At the same time, the company allows its investment members to offer skills to the companies they invest in when the companies require the skills urgently, but they are unable to find employees. Nokia is one of the most established global companies that rely on crowdsourcing for innovation. It manages a consumer driven collaboration platform that unites contributors from 210 countries and generates consumer experiences from the participating innovators. Participants of the “Ideasproject” by
Introduction Naturalization is an elaborate procedure that contains many elements. There are many definitions, which are used to clarify the concept. It is crucial to perceive the values, which naturalization supports, and the essence of it so that to understand the notion. According to Gregory Batalova (2013), “naturalization, which is the process by which immigrants take citizenship in their country of residence, extends to foreign-born nationals the same rights and responsibilities as those held by the native-born” (para. 1). Thus, the author implies that one should not view naturalization as an artificially gained right for residence in a foreign country, but rather a natural process of becoming a lawful citizen of a new country. The boundaries as well as the rules of naturalization vary with a country and are stipulated by the policies that act in this country. This research paper outlines the major differences and similarities between the process of naturalization in the USA and the UK. Specifically, it dwells upon the eligibility rules and the specifications of the procedure in two countries as well as the reasons that cause them. Naturalization Eligibility The general rules that have to be followed by the claimants on legal citizenship in the USA and the UK are quite similar. However, some differences between the naturalization eligibility rules in the two countries may be outlined. Thus, to become a legal citizen of the USA, one must:   * be minimum 18 years old;   * be a resident of the United States for the last five years;   * have some general knowledge of the American constitution and government;   * possess a good moral character, which implies having no recent criminal records;   * be proficient in the English language (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, 2015). The prerequisites for becoming a citizen of the UK coincide with the American ones in all aspects that are mentioned above. However, the regulations that govern the citizenship tests are stricter in the UK. Thus, to become its citizen, one is required to provide either an ESOL qualification at Entry 3. Moreover, one is supposed to provide proof of the accomplishment of Life in the UK Test (Government UK, 2015). In both countries, the time of the permanent residence that is required for receiving official citizenship differs according to whether a claimant is married to a citizen of one of these countries or not. For those applicants, whose spouses are U.S. or UK citizens, the term of the previous residence should be a minimum of three years instead of five (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, 2015). However, there is one naturalization eligibility issue, which is peculiar only for the U.S. This is an allowance for official citizenship for the claimants who belong to the U.S. Armed Forces. The individuals who sustained their military service at the time of World War I, World War I
The article was written by Baker and published in 2008. He focused on the controversy surrounding the use of thimerosal in vaccines. Rather than studying the relevance of thimerosal to autism, he concentrated on three aspects that led to the stated controversy. Firstly, he discussed about the introduction of thimerosal as a preservative in vaccines (Baker 244). Secondly, he focused on the delay, after the discovery of toxic effects of mercury, in accusing thimerosal as a causative agent for autism (Baker 244). Finally, he discussed the factors that resulted in linking vaccines to autism (Baker 244). In late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, the concern over the contamination of vaccines in poor hygienic conditions had led researchers to try various preservatives for vaccines that can prevent bacterial contamination (Baker 244). In due course of time, the emergence of organomercurials as effective agents in combating bacterial contamination of vaccines slowly resulted in the research on and inclusion of thimerosal, a white crystalline powder in the form of ethylmercury bound to thiosalicylate, in vaccines as a preservative (Baker 245). The advantages of thimerosal were depicted in its safety at tested low doses and efficiency in maintaining the biological effects of vaccines over existing preservatives like phenol and cresol (Baker 245). However, in light of the discovery of severe toxic effects of organomercurials, methylmercury in particular, people started suspecting the safety of thimerosal (Baker 246). To be precise, the Minamata disaster of 1950s and the Iraq’s disaster in early 1970 that resulted from consumption of food contaminated with methylmercury led to wide spread concerns over the toxicity of organomercurials (Baker 246&7). In these incidents, many children were identified with developmental neurological disorders (Baker 247). Moreover, various experiments on the effects of methylmercury on human health resulted in different conclusions. As a result, the permissible dose of methylmercury was set differently by various agencies in the US, such as Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 µg per Kg body weight per day (Baker 247). Meanwhile, the change in the perspective of researchers from defining autism in psychoanalytical terms to biomedical terms, and broadening the characteristics of the disorder with labels such as pervasive developmental disorders and autistic spectrum disorders resulted in detection of more children with autism (Baker 248&9). Also, the detection of autism in children who had vaccinations recently led to the opinion among parental groups than professionals that thimerosal could be the cause for autism (Baker 249). Moreover, exaggerated reports on thimerasol’s relation to autis
A number of different professors worked out a range of theories that explain why people have been unleashing wars for such a long time. People are at war against each other because of intolerance, hatred, religious differences, non-acceptance of other views, etc. One of the main and dramatic points is that people have been using all possible methods to achieve the goal, without giving a thorough consideration about aftermaths and consequences. Professors Winthrop D. Jordan and Charles Johnson, in their works, show their own considerations about the aftermaths after the Civil War and America’s Reconstruction in 1865-1890. To begin with, it is common knowledge that wars cause destruction, depression, economic and political stagnation, corruption. On the other hand, the Civil War gave people hope that changes would come and their lives would be improved in many ways. Charles R. Johnson admits that African Americans had more at stake in the war’s outcome than any other (Johnson 238). After the Civil war was ended, slavery was finally prohibited. People’s main task was to rebuild the ruined South, as everything there was burnt and destroyed. History knows this process as Reconstruction. The most challenging points of Reconstruction were improving the South in terms of political, economic and social situations. Although these plans were not fully implemented into life, their realization, on the whole, had positive effects. The south did not recover fully, but most acute problems of the postwar period were solved. T