ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Throughout the history of art, nudity has been used to represent beauty, shame, power and frailty apart from sex and sensuality. Many works done by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Giorgione, Titian and other renaissance artists have contained an aspect of nudity of the human body, both men and female. Major paintings during the medieval and renaissance period represented religious icons like the cherubim, as semi naked beings. These depictions provide strong indications that nudity and nakedness of the human body was used not only in eroticism and sex but also to represent particular symbolic phenomena in relation to various aspects of humanity. In Christianity, some aspects of nudity of the female body could be depicted on artworks illustrating a bare chest Mary breastfeeding the baby Jesus Christ. Some artwork on Adam and Eve depicted their nudity which illustrated their fall from the Garden of Eden. One of the most famous female nudes in the history of art was the Spanish painting called ‘The Nude Maja’ done by Francisco Goya. Although the medieval period was also punctuated with such levels of nudity in artwork, it was not as profound as during the renaissance. Thus, the artists of the Renaissance brought about the rise of the Nude Female in their masterpieces. Background The nude has become a resistant illustration by enduring various challenges throughout history. For instance, after the roman period, nudity faced the challenge of extinction when some members of the Roman Empire wanted it banned. However, the church has since reviewed the matter and restored paintings of the popular renaissance artists. It is worth noting that nude figures are more acceptable when still, than the nude human figures that are moving. Artistic figures which are nude were also unlikely to spark public protests than real nude or naked people, during the renaissance. Nudity in art during the middle ages was considered a normative act especially during social activities like dancing and also when a person was working (Goodson, Not Dated). This is quite evidenced by the unearthing of vases depicting nude illustrations of people performing in festivals and in fields by archaeologists especially among the Greeks. Nudity was often regarded among the Greeks, as a form of honesty to their gods. From the Greek to Indian culture, people would pose naked in religious activities and cultural festivals. It was not uncommon to find artistic illustrations of semi naked or completely naked human statues and paintings. Thus, throughout this period, nudity in art and in real life was quite acceptable to the society. During the middle ages, most paintings of women were mainly religious related. The Virgin Mary was often illustrated in paintings with much modesty. Nude female paintings, during this time would often be considered a representation of erotic and lustful impression (Hill, 200). It should also be noted that the paintings done during this period have sparked some debate on the d
Background Professional Photographers of America (PPA) is the world’s largest non profit association for professional photographers. PPA is spread out in 54 countries with more than 20,000 professional members. Its headquarters is in Atlanta. Formerly PPA was known as PAA Photographers Association of America. PAA was formed in 1880 by joining two associations, namely Chicago Photographic Association and National Photographers Association. In 1958, the name of Photographers Associations of America (PAA) was changed into Professional Photographers of America (PPA). PPA offers its members and employees a variety of membership benefits such as publications, career development, public relation support, resource information, and other business services. In addition, they provide services such as education, insurance, copyright protection, networking, and face market competition. Every year PPA honors talented photographers for their innovation and contribution to the field. PPA is conducting several competitions to boost up talented members. Overall marketing philosophy The mission of PPA is defined as “To be the leader in the dissemination of knowledge in the areas of professional business practices and creative image-making, and to define and maintain the industry’s standards of excellence.” The basic aim hence is to provide invaluable services and products to professional photographers worldwide. The organization may not aim at being a for-profit organization. But it is a fact that the membership fees and other charges levied by them are aimed at providing the best of services. In other words, there is a concept of marketing behind their mission, and it does not include philanthropy or charity to professional photographers. In this context, it is inevitable tha
The news of the highest quality is featured by Accuracy, Objectivity, and Relevance. Introduction These three features are the most essential among all the others, which should be attributed to newsreels. Thus, accuracy is essential for the credit of trust. As soon as the accuracy level decreases, the resource is no longer considered trustworthy. The main requirement of the audience is to get trustworthy information with no mistakes, unclear moments, and contradictions. Actually, accuracy entirely depends on the team, as the news issues are created by a group of people:   * Journalists (need to collect the necessary information, and shape the full image of any occasion).   * Editors (their aim is to leave the most significant information and facts, in order this information corresponded the requirements of the policy of a News Agency). News accuracy is regarded to be the indicator of a team’s professionalism, and the audience anticipates getting to know the news from a highly professional team. The significance of the accuracy is generally beyond any doubt, as all the facts are based on accuracy and preciseness, which form the informational value and data load. Its antipode – distortion of the facts and information may be useful for some particular groups, but the fact is that distortion leads to the decrease of trust credit to the information source (a person who provided this information and, consequently a News Agency). Moreover, distortion may lead to the defected public opinion, which will inevitably distort the apprehension of the following information. (Mediaresearch, 2007). Main body As for the matters of objectivity, it should be emphasized, that it presupposes the independent source of information, consequently, the news will be unbiased and the facts covered homogeneously. It is an essential standard of journalistic professionalism. Journalistic objectivity includes such features as justice, impartiality, factuality, and non-devotion, and most often includes all of these qualities. Most experts believe that real objectivity in journalism is incredible and journalists usually have to search for some balance (presenting every party in a particular viewpoint), which advances equality. This dualism is the manner according to which media ded
Course outcomes The outcomes of the online instructional method have significant differences with the classroom instructional method common in the traditional settings. The outcomes will be measured in terms of student achievement. It is an approach that is importance in making comparison between the effectiveness of online and classroom instruction method (Clark, 2007). To make the comparisons, a multidimensional concept will be used based on a number of measurements. In this case, the measurements adopted include course withdrawal or dropout rates, achievement in terms of grades, and the number of students successfully completing the course. It is expected that comparable performance findings will be elucidated in the two methods. For instance, online instruction method is a more effective approach to teaching the entrepreneurship course because is saves time, given that the students will not be required to travel to class (Clark, 2007). Design of online courses to meet program and learner objectives To achieve a well developed design for the online learning that meets the objectives of the program and the learners, it is important to use a multidimensional approach with a number of strategies. First, lectures will be used. It will provide the program with an efficient way of information dissemination, where it will be used to lay foundations as the learners work through the subject matter. In this case, lecture notes will be uploaded on the web page to allow student access. Such notes will be provided with links to the related resources as well as other websites in which they will be embedded (Clark & Lyons, 2011). Aligning teaching approaches to student learning outcomes To effectively align the teaching approaches described above to the student learning outcomes, the program will involve some strategies such as interactive learning. Interactive learning will involve teacher-learner and learner-learner interactions through online method, especially CMS as described above (Horton, 2010). The approach is effective in disintegrating information into smaller sessions that encourages students to participate. Then, individual work will take place. A group activity will follow and will take place in form of student groups of three discussing the case and trying to brainstorm and answer the questions (Clark & Lyons, 2011). Assessing the effectiveness of the online course To determine whether the online course is effective, questions will be prompted to the learners during the lecture, especially at the end of the session. The tutor will pose live questions to the students or target each student at a time. In addition, a session will be held to conduct continuous assessment tests in which each student will be provided with a set of multiple answer questions (Gronlund, 2012). Journal 3 Welcome announcement Welcome to the management course for entrepreneurs. My name is professor XXXX and I will take you through the course. Unlike other courses you may have taken, this course will be offered online and will require you to find a bette
The experience led to the finding that the costs of college education have risen rapidly over the last five decades, and that the rate of increase has surpassed the levels of household income. Colleges are spending more time and money as they are held more accountable for these increases in cost. Therefore, the numbers of students who can afford college education have significantly reduced. The fact that higher education will always struggle to find enough funding for all the programs explains the need for the governmental interventions in the processes higher education funding. Consequently, the levels of government expenditure on funding higher education have also risen. The contemporary university aid programs give students more money than they need for tuition such that some of them get money to spend. Low-income students who have a limited ability to borrowing cannot get enough grant to facilitate learning from colleges of their choice. However, the case is different with those who can borrow money because they have the ability to study at the schools that they desire. Another challenge is that the public has grown more demanding in the recent past than the old days in terms of accountability of the funds spent on aid. Another useful revelation is the fact that the increases in the value of loans advanced to students has caused an increase in the number of college students across the entire nation. The lessons also revealed three fundamental concerns related to the management of endowments. In this respect, the first one is the rate of spending at the rate of re-investment. The second is the investment policy of the colleges. The last element is that of fundraising, which gives the universities a chance of raising extra money for the operations and offset the spent money. Such a process is critical because it determines the levels of sustainability of the colleges. The lessons resulted in the understanding that discounting is a relatively new concept in higher education. Reducing the price a student pays by foregoing revenue in the form of scholarships is a concise definition of discounting. In the last few decades, a number of colleges have adopted the mechanism of tuition discounting, which drove some of them out of business and rendered others marginal at best. Most of the colleges have in the past provided discounts by use of hard money from cash gifts and endowment incomes. The lessons provided basic information concerning the methods of controlling the budgets used by universities. Some of such methods are peculiar to the institutions while others are common to most business models. The budgeting process at the universities is simple, yet filled with a lot of political pressure. A good budget is one that has considerable levels of planning so that the figures have their basis on possibilities rather than on hope. The process of building a budget involves the CFO’s analysis of
Article Summary The article in question focuses on issues associated with cyber security in the business world, with a focus on emerging markets. The author stresses that Asian countries are entering the global arena as strong competitors, but their vulnerability to cyber-attacks may undermine their success (“Cyber Risks in Emerging Markets” 1). The article includes a description of major threats and concerns, as well as particular recommendations as to companies’ (and countries’) further development in the area of cyber security. A stunning example of the problem is Malaysia, which alone lost more than $560 million of the country’s GDP in 2013 due to cybercrime (“Cyber Risks in Emerging Markets” 4). Companies lose money as a direct consequence of cyber-attacks, and they may also suffer other types of losses (for example, reputational). Multinationals, as well as local enterprises, have invested a lot in their cyber security. However, they are still vulnerable, due to insufficient regulations and the inability of smaller companies to ensure their (and their partners’) cyber security. Remarkably, the nature of cyber-attacks is changing; companies are not common targets, since it is much easier to attack a supply chain. New entrants (these are often small-medium enterprises) fail to address cyber issues and are easy targets to use as a path toward their multinational partners’ data. While ways to reach the target are changing slightly, the major goals remain the same. Thus, attackers tend to aim at “financial services (Internet banking and brokerage)”, manufacturing, oil, and energy production (“process control networks”), large corporations (intellectual property, information on upcoming acquisitions and mergers), and “government (state secrets, identity theft)” (“Cyber Risks in Emerging Markets” 6). Some examples of such attacks are the notorious cases of Target and Fuji Xerox. The companies had strong cyber-security policies and tools in place, but attackers managed to install their malware on computers of a supplier of air-conditioning systems. Nota
On the 14th of September 2011, an article appearing in the New York Times highlighted the case of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill. The quality issue in the article was mainly procedural non-compliance as it noted that in a bid to make up for weeks behind schedule and budget overboard, the company adopted shortcuts aimed at speeding up the process (Broider, 2011). Proposed quality management tools   * Check sheet: In a case where the procedure is of critical importance, it is important to develop a check sheet to help ensure that every recommended procedure is followed.   * Brainstorming: Brainstorming is important in helping identify various possibilities and challenges the project is likely to face.   * Pareto diagram: It is important to note that more often not few problems result in grave consequences and hence addressing them can save the project lots of trouble. 3 steps to take in investigating the problem Undertake a careful review of the procedural guidelines relating to the project and relate the same to the procedures employed by the corporation. Identify possible consequences of every case of non-compliance recorded. Narrow down analysis to focus on the defects observed and hence find the precise causes of the defects recorded.
Bhanarkar, A. D., Gajghate, D. G., & Hasan, M. Z. (2003). Assessment of impacts of a fossil fuel based power plant. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60 (4), 325-333. Type: Research Paper Main Argument/Research Question:The main argument of this particular research paper is that fossil fuel powerplants produce a significant degree of pollution which creates a negative impact on the local environment. Methods: Prediction of air pollution impacts of a proposed fossil fuel-based power plant was made using meteorological data, information on stack characteristics and emission rate, baseline air quality and validated model condition Evaluation: Overall the paper was quite useful in providing the necessary data from which to show the pollution created by a fossil fuel plant. Its strength was in the data that was collected and the findings suggest a correlation between environmental deterioration and the establishment of a fossil fuel plant within a particular area. French, J. (2008). Memo to BIA: Wake up, please. New Hampshire Business Review , 30 (4), 17. Type: Newspaper Article Main Argument/Research Question: The article reports on the need for Business and Industry Association (BIA) to take action about the impact of climate change on the business in New Hampshire. Methods: It is suggests that BIA should participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) designed to reduce global warming pollution from fossil fuel-fired power plants in the Northeast by presenting various data sets and arguments showing problems associated with fossil fuel plants. Evaluation: Overall the paper was quite effective in presenting its arguments and did in fact show that the BIA continues to stick with its policy to wait for actions from federal government which is indicative of the lack of action on the part of governments indicated in the paper created. Reebs, S. (2004). Blackout is beautiful. Natural His
Meaning of Beautiful People often perceive beauty as the external or physical appearance while despising or lacking clear perception of the inner beauty. Generally, people therefore boast the idea that beauty is the perception or thoughts that other people have regarding ones’ appearances. This meaning of beauty is stronger when someone is associated with work, career or financial success. The aspect of self-esteem in this case depends on others’ point of view, their thought and their articulation about your appearances. The physical beauty also has a link to association, interaction and friendship. If one works with physically appearing women, then they think of being in possession of beauty. When one receives favours that closely connect to their physical appearances, it is easy to form the egotistical and self-cantered personality. Those who are concern of their physical appearances spend a lot of time on enhancing the self-image, since they are eager to improve or attract more attention and hence may end up as self-centred persons who easily despise others. According to Schutt (2006) “Their life-styles depends on the hair, clothing and overall physical attractiveness” True Meaning of Beauty Beauty is not necessarily the physical appearance. Beauty is the inner aspect of the heart that causes humanitarian reactions. True meaning of beauty therefore touches on personality and self-esteem. Self-believe brings out the true meaning and feeling of beauty since one is able to love and accept oneself as well as others, thus creating confidence, inner security of personality, better character and strong self-esteem. Self-esteem (SE) in the social world In Line with Ballantine and Roberts (2008), Self-esteem is the estimate or consideration of self-worthiness and this is therefore what makes up the true inner beauty. The self-esteem concept therefore indicates truthfulness of beauty as an internal trait that presents the overall sum of all traits of a person. This assists people in finding individual perceptions, personalities, temperaments or individuality. People are generally interesting, boring, fun-filled or dull. This reaction depends highly on the internal beauty of a person. The personal roles, personal successes/failures, others views, social identity and comparisons are the main factors influencing the development of self-concepts. People have different roles to play such as parenting, offering services/goods or guiding others. If you present a new role to someone, the role would initially feel alien, but with time, it becomes part of the self-concept for instance the parenting roles. This is an indication that one can be in a position to bring out success over challenging tasks through adjustment and improvement of the self-concepts. Misconstrued meaning of true love Unfair comparisons to others set the loopholes for disappointments over performances. When based on the external or physical appearances, interpretation of beauty causes people to endeavour
Introduction The death penalty has been a subject of discussion for a long time in many countries of the world. The issue faces much opposition from the members of the public while there are some who argue for it. It is usually administered to a person who has committed a capital crime such as murder. The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution states that “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand jury”; in addition, the Fourteenth Amendment also states that “no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law…” (Riley par. 1). The proposers of the death penalty use the constitution to justify their claims on the necessity of the death penalty. Nevertheless, such a claim is questionable because it is the same constitution that has a bill of rights indicating that it is the right of every citizen to be protected and to live. Life of a human being is invaluable and ought to be protected at all costs. Although the government tries to come up with better means of executing convicted criminals, all methods that have been applied exposes individuals to so much suffering which is not only inappropriate but also inhuman. Therefore, the death penalty can never be justified as it is cruel and deprives individuals of their right to live and enjoy maximum protection. In that case, this paper argues for the fact that the death penalty can never be justified. Argument As the studies of Franck, Nyman, and Schabas( pp.77 ) illustrate, death penalty interferes with human life since leads to death after it is administered. Currently, apart from hanging, other methods are being used to execute criminals. Such methods are inclusive but not limited to the electric chair, lethal gas, firing squad and lethal injection. Human beings are supposed to be treated with dignity, and most of the constitutions including the United States Constitution have got a provision for the same. The death penalty violates such a requirement as it destroys not only life but also human dignity. Many procedures that are used while conducting capital punishment have proved to be inhuman no matter the precautions taken. For instance, Times Editorial (par 2) illustrates that the use of lethal injection which was thought to be more humane proved to be inhuman as well. In an execution which was carried out in December involving Angel Diaz, the results illustrated that even the most cautious mode of execution could sill tu