ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction An intake officer is a police officer, who handles an offender and decides whether send them to court or undertake an informal action as defined by law. Juvenile intake officers make decisions to send a youth to a correction program to allow young offenders to rehabilitate. Credentials, Training, and Qualifications of an Intake Officer According to the US Department of Labor, an intake officer should have a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, social work, behavioral sciences or other field related to these. Future intake officers are required to pass special exams and a drug test. They should then complete a training program and work as trainees for around a year. Juvenile intake officers also have a special type of training that prepares them to work with young offenders. Trainees may work with offenders under the supervision of an experienced officer. Prospective intake officers need to have the following qualifications: be in a good physical condition, have good writing skills, have sufficient legal knowledge, possess some computer skills, have a clean criminal record, be no younger than 21, and (in some states) have a driver’s license (Siegel & Worrall, 2016, p. 242). Such education, qualities, and training prepare intake officers for the crucial decisions they have to take during their working time. Powers of an Intake Officer Vs. Those of a Juvenile Judge An intake officer has the following powers: evaluate an offender to find out the best way of rehabilitation, make a decision on the way of rehabilitation, provide offenders with social resources for rehabilitation, test them for drugs, arrange meetings with them or their families, and observe the course of rehabilitation. At first glance, it seems that the powers of a juvenile intake officer overlap with the powers of a juvenile judge. A juvenile judge, similarly, has power to define the types of social service that should be used for the sake of the rehabilitation of youth (Edwards, 1992, p. 25). However, significant differences exist between the powers of an intake officer and those of a juvenile judge. While the latter makes legal decisions in court, such as whether a child should be taken from family, whether the rehabilitation process is necessary, and, if yes, how this process should be conducted, the former supervises the rehabilitation process. In other words, a judge only makes a court decision, while an intake officer stays with a youth and makes sure that rehabilitation is successful. Intake Vs. Plea Bargaining The term “intake” refers to the process of evaluation of an offender to decide whether this person should be sent to court, released or recommended a referral. During an intake, an offen
Introduction In a quest for a better life, the human race has recognized that health and vitality are key components to an ideal life. It is for this reason that man is constantly trying to find ways to improve and even prolong their lives. New drugs are developed regularly to find solutions to the ever-rising ailments that humans are prone to. These drugs have found their way to the masses and in as much as some of them have worked; there is documented proof that others have otherwise been fatal to the patients. In a bid to ensure and protect public health, the government has put in place a food and drug regulatory board (FDA) which ensures that all products are market worthy before they are sold. This board is in charge of ensuring quality is supplied to the clients with no bias or deception from the producers and suppliers as well. They do this by setting both marketing and advertising requirements to ensure that the clients have ample and genuine information on the product before they buy and use them. This paper aims at evaluating the regulations set for advertising prescription drugs all the while citing examples as to whether they are applied or evident in most drug advertisements. According to the code of federal regulations title 21 part 202, all prescription drugs advertisements must contain the following information before they are aired to the public. Firstly the ingredient information required by the governing act must appear together without any other distorting matter other than the proprietary names of ingredients. Secondly, the order in which the ingredients and their respective quantities appear in the advertisement must be the same order used on the label of the product. Thirdly, the advertisement may not use fancy names which imply that the ingredients or drug are uniquely effective or made especially if the ingredients used are common substances. In addition to this, the advertisement may not include ingredients that are not used in the formulation of the drugs. Finally the advertisement may not use names that are closely related in spelling or pronunciation as those of another established drug or ingredient. Ortho Tri-Cyclen’Lo Advertisement Evaluation This drug is available in tablets form and is produced exclusively by Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. It is an oral contraceptive drug used by women in the prevention of unwanted pregnancies. The drug is available to women of all ages who opt for pills as a birth control method. However, women who smoke or have certain cancers and blood clots are discouraged to use this drug because it may increase the risk of these conditions ge
The novel is based on the life of John Lewis and opens with a group of African American protestors marching across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. A series of frames show police officers wearing gas masks and shouting at the protestors to disperse (Lewis & Aydin, 2016). The police deny the demand of one of the protestors, Hosea, who requests to speak with the Major. The police tell the protestors they have two minutes to turn around, but they choose to kneel instead. The next series of frames demonstrate police brutality images against the African American protestors who have tear gas thrown at them and are dragged off the bridge. The subsequent narrative then flashes forward to January 20, 2009, in Washington DC, the inauguration of the new president. Congressman John Lewis wakes up early, gets dressed, and prepares for President Barack Obama’s inauguration (Lewis & Aydin, 2016). In his office, Lewis greets a few visitors, a woman and her two young sons, who were not expecting to see Mr. Lewis. One of the boys notices Mr. Lewis has several pictures of the chicken in his office, and he decides to ask why. Lewis recalls his childhood on a farm in Alabama. He had a connection with chickens and treated them as his friends. As a kid, after being introduced to the Bible, he could practice his sermons on the chicken, baptize them and hold proper funeral services when they died of natural causes. Lewis remembers 1951 when he traveled north with his uncle Otis to visit some relatives. Lewis enjoyed the trip and returned home with a completely different view of the world. This is demonstrated when he said, “I couldn’t believe … they had white people living next door to them. On both sides,” after seeing what equality looks like in Buffalo, Newyork (Lewis & Aydin, 2016, p. 145). When school started that fall, John was disappointed since neither his parents nor church leaders were interested in pursuing desegregation (Lewis & Aydin, 2016). He hears Martin Luther King on the radio talking about desegregation and supporting Rosa park in her case, which he admired. At fifteen years, Lewis delivers his first sermon making his mark as a leader. John goes to a college for ministers in Nashville after high school. He worries that he is not doing enough to support social justice movements by saying, “I started to feel guilty for not doing more. I became restless” (Lewis & Aydin, 2016, p. 160). He tries to transfer to Troy state, which rejected him since it was attended by white people only. Dr. King offered to help him sue the school, but Lewis’s parents were unwilling to take the risk. Lewis is reminded of the late fifties when he participated in non-violent protests. Students began training in various ways of pacifism and staged sit-ins at different lunch counters. Segregationists attack the protestors immediately they sit, but the protestors took the beating silently. The protestors are arrested, and Lewis writes that
Introduction Airline loyalty programs have become the most important tools for customers’ satisfaction. Frequent flyer program (FFP) is the current strategy being used by airline companies to expand the industry and build consumers’ loyalty. The program has achieved its strategies on loyalty-building and the major focus now is to maximize profit. Airline frequent flier miles nowadays gather much of its earnings from frequent buyers other than frequent fliers (Holloway 2008). This is in regard to credit cards, hotel accommodations, and mortgage as well as real estates agents. The issue of extra earnings has led to the generation of excess airline miles that exceed demand. This strategy reflects both success and failure of the program. In most cases, airlines normally allocate fewer seats per flight to give space for award travel redemption, thus focusing on maximization of revenue. Frequent flyer program Frequent flyer program has enjoyed tremendous growth of 13.5 percent each year, which is relatively higher than that of the airline industry, which is 10 percent. The major aim of FFP is to promote loyalty other than focusing on profit only (Doganis, 2001). The program has established alliances with other sectors such as credit cards companies, finance companies, and mortgage lenders to form grocery shops. In this regard, airlines benefit by selling their miles to these mergers at 1-2 cents per mile. This is the reason why most frequent flyer miles are earned outside an airplane. Airline revenue management’s aim is to discourage sales of vacant seats or redemption of miles strategies; in return, it has given sales revenue the first priority. The airline industry has experienced a large pool of unredeemed miles forcing most airlines to abscond the move (Holloway 2008). Nowadays, airlines allocate less than 6 percent of loyalty redemption seats compared to 9 percent in earlier periods. Another thing that is of importance in revenue management is class mapping, which comes to effect when a codeshare agreement is reached. Due to low access of class mappings, the airline finds it hard to determine the most appropriate route for the alliance to maximize profit (Doganis 2001). However, the wrong class mapping will limit the success of codeshare, thus minimizing revenue. Optimizing fares can also help airlines to realize adequate revenue with respect to codeshare, hence regulating demand that reflects codeshare bookings, flight firming, and good code share reporting. Better revenue depends on merging airlines and the overall brand available. In this case, if one carrier has mid-west customers and the other west coast, the combined carriers consequently have advance exposure in the entire country (Holloway 2008). In addition, when carriers obtain customers from diverse locations, more distribution channels are established. This leads to high demand and thus more revenue; it subsequently changes the revenue management image.
Introduction Means, relations, and mode of production are concepts that are vital in the labor market. While means of production entail the non-human resources, relations of production imply the social unions that people develop so that they meet their needs as they undertake various processes of production. Consequently, mode of production comprises the methods and organization that owners of the means of production use to manufacture, design, and create products (Banaji 33). Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to define the concepts of production such as means, relations, and mode in relation to the perspectives of Karl Marx. Overview of Marxism Perspective in Production Karl Marx explains the concepts of production such as means, relations, and modes using the various economic systems. In the perspective of Marx, individuals engage in production because they have to fulfill a need. According to Marx, economic systems deal with the development of strategies and policies that govern the behavior and employment of the means of production. In the explanation of Marx, means of production are the initial components that determine production and facilitate efficient production processes (Evans 165). The basis of the argument that Marx advances is that the means of production comprise instruments of labor, for instance, machines, computers, factories, and equipment used in adding value to products. In addition, he argues that subjects of production include raw and natural resources that people manufacture, process, or design. Marx believes that when individuals devise the initial step of production, which entails arrangement of the means of production in an organized manner, all other steps of relations and mode of production succeed. To substantiate his argument, Marx explains that the production process can employ two economic systems that are prevalent in several countries of the world. The two systems are capitalism, which several countries in the West practice, and communism, which numerous countries in the East exercise. In his argument, Marx asserts that countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, use the capitalist economic system in executing their operations (Evans 178). Capitalism, in Marx’s explanation, is an economic system that focuses on personal achievement and individual progress. In capitalism, entities that own the means and subjects of production dictate their subordinates and underpay them. Furthermore, in the capitalist economic system, the chief focus is on the resources and profits. As a result, employers encourage their workers to optimize their efforts. As a consequent, employers overwork employees and underpay them, a factor that creates dissatisfaction. Accord
Background Vanz Adult Day Care appreciate that senior years usually come with a lot of complications and hence the seniors face a lot of challenges in their sunset years. Lonesomeness, restricted mobility, sickness and mental problems are very common and they can be very frustration and stressing for the oldies themselves and their caregivers. For this case our adult daycare offers a win-win situation for the members of the elderly family. This is because it offers a safer, loving and gracious environment that seniors can get the social and medical attention they need. In an effort to offer the best service in Nashville Tennessee, we realize that our employees are the most beneficial assets in fulfilling the organization’s goal and mission. Overview of the Organization Vanz adult day care is designed to improve the quality of older loved ones by ensuring that they access better quality healthcare and have a chance to actively socialize and enjoy life. The facility offers and manages the elderly in the most enjoyable manner and in a stimulating environment. With a professionally managed facility in place, we ensure that seniors enjoy autonomy and have dignity and as result, the caregivers get to enjoy peace of mind from the fact that they know their loved ones are getting proper level of care (Barbazette, 2006, p. 78). Our program is affordable to benefit the increasing frail of needy seniors. How Does the Program Work? A typical days starts when our client arrives at the facility located in Nashville Tennessee. This is a domestic organization only localized in this state. It hence faces competition from international and other local organizations operating in the area. Nonetheless, once in the facility, the individual is given the ongoing healthcare by our professional nurses. We also hire other professionals licensed to practice to offer specialized services. There are other services including nutriti
The three hypotheses concerning the evolution of segmentation   * The acquisition of segmentation in the three phyla was independently achieved.   * The evolution of segments among the chordates was independent and led to homologous segments that are located within protostomes.   * The Bilateria have homologous segments. Evidence that supports or contradicts each of the three hypotheses Hypothesis 1 The author evaluated segmentation in insects and non-insect arthropods. In all the insects, the author found that embryos start as a syncytium. The nuclei then form blastoderm after moving to the periphery in which cellularization takes place. After the early expression, the successive embryogenesis shows variation among the different insects. For instance, distinctions are noticeable in short-germ insects and long-germ insects. An example of a long-germ insect is the Drosophila. The pattern of segments in the long-germ insects is located in the blastoderm. Among the short-germ insects, the pattern of the head segments is located in the first blastoderm. Examples of the short-germ insects include Tribolium and Schistocerca . The formation of segments of the abdomen and the thorax progresses from the posterior growth zone. In the intermediate germ insects, the segmentation is mainly in the cellular environment. Despite the differences, some intermediate and short-germ insects, segmentation is added progressively in a cellular environment. The author analyzed crustaceans that make up the category of non-insect arthropods. In the category, the development of segments of the abdomen and thorax was found to take place in a cellular environment. The author noted that the growth is from the posterior zone and takes place after gastrulation. The expression resembles the development of segments in short-germ insects. Hypothesis 2 In order to test the hypothesis, the author evaluated the engrailed gene of annelids. In the case of the Helobdella triserialis , the author noted that the segment pattern expressed by the gene is consistent. The expression of the gene engrailed in Theromyzon rude occurs after the separation of ganglionic primordial. Thus, the expression points to variations that do not resemble the process dictated by the engrailed gene in the Helobdella triserialis segmentation process. The variations rule out the existence of homologous segmentation. To establish the basis of segmentation, there is a need for further analysis of the various annelid groups. Hypothesis 3 The author evaluated the hypothesis in relation to chordates. The author established that vertebrates’ segmentation is similar to that of short-germ insects. The expressions happen after the occurrence of morphological segmentation. In addition, the gene expressions are limited to some muscle cells found within the somite. For example, Amphioxus has engrailed transcripts. In the first eight somites, the transcripts are localized in the posterior. The expression comes before morphological segmentation. However, the author noted that the observation of the stripes might not be adequate. For example, random analysis of cDNA fr
The article by Henry Fetter explains the efforts in overcoming segregation that had persistent in Major League baseball. Henry explains that the Communist Party and the Daily Worker, which was the party’s newspaper, do not merit all the accreditation given to them regarding their contributions towards ending discrimination against Negroes in the Major League baseball. Instead, he argues that the breakthrough came as a result of Branch Rickey’s own initiatives as well as Jackie Robinson’s outstanding courage. Henry’s assertion is to show that the integration of American Whites and Blacks in the Major League baseball was not influenced by pressure from or activities of the Communist Party, but rather from social and political forces which had more clout than itself. “One would look in vain, however, for any such tribute to the Party or the Worker in other early accounts of the chain of events leading up to the integration of Major League Baseball.” This paper will highlight some of Henrys examples of other powerful forces other than The Party together with its paper The Worker in breaking of the race barriers in baseball. Henry debates that the major participants within this debate are Branch Rickey, Dodger President and General Manager, and Jackie Robinson, the talented baseball player, and should be accredited for the breakthrough, and not the Communist Party. Henry posits that that these accreditations are out of the Communist Party’s self praise and not out real campaigns against segregation in organized baseball. In his defense to his argument, Henry further debates that even Robison, who The Party claims to have fought for to break into the Major League, did not recognize their efforts anywhere for having played any role in the breakthrough, and at one time distanced himself from the comments made by Paul Robeson, a communist, saying he did not speak on behalf of Black Americans. He argues that the Communist Party and its newspaper, the Daily Worker did not adopt realistic initiatives in fighting discrimination against Blacks. Instead, they presented a radical perspective and unrealistic approaches which could not help end segregation. Rickey had taken a more realistic approach that understood the challenges that would be faced in the initial stages of integration between Black and White players. He came up with a meaningful approach for the integration process, while on the other hand, the Communist Party only made criticisms to make them synonymous with the public. Henry explains that other newspapers such as “The Times” contributed more towards breaking the color bar as compared to what the Daily Worker did. According to him, while most newspapers which had wider coverage focused on Rickey-Robinson challenges, the Daily Worker denied any such challenges and pretended that the situation was ideal. This is because, as Henry’s asserts, The Worker avoided mention of any other force (it only wanted to credit itself) that heavily influenced the breaking of the racial barrier lines. Their main aim was to convince the public that their ideals were not faili