ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The project by the UN Member States called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) was developed throughout the last decade of the twentieth century and lasted until 2015. It was a set of 8 goals that focused on bringing the lagging part of the world population closer to modern living standards. These goals were considered realistic in terms of achieving and were meant to reduce poverty, inequality, child mortality rates, violence, and disease mortality rates, as well as promote education, care for the environment, and partnership. By the end of 2015, most of these goals were partially achieved in numerous countries. However, several states did not produce any meaningful results due to the lack of precise statistics. Despite this factor, most of the goals were achieved, at least partially, and the project is considered to be a success. The world experienced the most substantial decrease in poverty, mortality rates in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), as well as the rise of democracy among underdeveloped countries. These goals served as a foundation for the future development and sustainability of life on the planet. New goals were developed by the United Nations during the 2010s, expanding the idea behind the Millennium Development Goals. The project was named the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and it serves as an expansion of previous goals and is set to be completed by the year 2030. It consists of 17 global goals with a purpose similar to previous ones, except it complements past goals and adds several new ones. The current focus is on building a sustainable society that equally values not only the prosperity of humankind but also cares about the global environment, equity, and development of the planet as a whole. The project expands the idea of raising the living standards of people by aiming to provide more significant opportunities for each individual and increase global productivity. The support for LMICs is still considered as one of the main goals, but the planet itself is also a target of global development. These goals are supposed to save the momentum of MDGs and use them as a starting point for faster evolution. They acknowledge the interconnectedness of the problems, as countries study and work on them simultaneously. This approach brought some criticism due to overcomplicated design about the simplicity of MDGs, some goals are even considered counteractive to others, yet they are all deemed necessary. These issues are explainable by progressing views on the world and the conscious behavior of humanity, which became a necessity for the survival of civilization. Unlike MDGs, SDGs promote innovation and partnership, taking into account political issues. They encourage innovation and collaboration, a self-conscious approach to human behavior, and strive to make life affordable to everyone. The project includes a higher number of environment-focused initiatives, as human survival is linked to the preserva
TALF is a bank facility that was created on 25 of November 2008 by United States Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). This program was created to offer support in issuing asset-backed-securities (ABS) where the collaterals are for example loans for students, loans with Small-Business-Administration (SBA) guarantee, loans for credit cards and also auto loans. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) had originally planned to lend to a tune $200 billion but later increased the amount under this TALF program/facility to $1 trillion. The lending was to target certain people who are holders of loans, are AAA-rated and are also supported by the SBA for small amounts of loans meant for business and consumption. On the other hand, TSLF is a financial facility which is meant to offer the United States treasury general collateral (GC). The general collateral (GC) is offered to the Federal Reserve Bank based in New York and in reiteration the treasury gets other programs which also have eligibility for collaterals. TSLFs main intention and purpose is to enable liquidity in the markets for the United States treasury and therefore improve on the performance of financial markets. TSLF is usually a facility for 28 days targeting the primary dealers based in New York’s Federal Reserve Bank. The primary dealers have to bid in a competitive way in auctions which are singly priced and are held on weekly basis. The program-eligible collateral is pledged by the borrowers (Federal Reserve Bank of New York, pg.1). Contrary to the money under the TSLF financial facility the TALF monies do not usually come through the US treasury. To be in a position to lend money under the TSLF facility the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has to seek the legal approval from the legislature which is the house of congress. This is because the monies under the facility are disbursed from the United States treasury. On the other hand, under TALF facility no congressional approval is required to undertake the program since it emanates from the bank itself. The agreement under TSLF is basically security for other securities or security-security and therefore does not impact on the level of reserves for the Federal Reserve Bank while TALF facility affects the reserve levels in the bank. Under the TSLF, the Federal Reserve determines the collateral eligibility criteria. As the situation is today, collateral is determined by the eligibility to purchase again the tri-party agreements. Agreements for tri-party are only arranged through the trading desk on open markets and other kinds of assets, mortgage, municipal and corporate securities. The Federal Reserve closed the extension of new loans in line with securities backed by mortgage under TALF facility on 30 th June 2010 and on March 31 2010 closed extensions on other types of securities backed loans (Federal Reserve Bank of New York, pg.1). The objective TALF which was created in 2008 by the Federal Reserve Bank and consequently began operations in March 2009 was to help part
Teamwork It serves to improve the quality of the candidate hired. Team members normally have hand-on experience in the work, so they are well versed with what the right person for the job should have. A leader should be motivating. By explaining these key aspects of the organization, and on a frequent basis, the team remains on course towards achieving the set objectives. Employees and team members need to express dissatisfaction with the most common way to use a lack of commitment. Through spotting them, the leader will get to know, and solve the problem. Individual teamwork skills are the perfect opportunities for the leader to know the areas that an individual is best suited, information vital for maximizing an individual’s output in the team. According to Burke et al, (2006), not all leaders are born, they are also trained. Moreover, most of the leadership skills in the modern-day market are research-oriented, training for the role is the most assured way of getting it right. According to Amabile et al (2004), by building relationships with the team members, it makes them confident, free and makes the workplace a fun place, the perfect recipe for innovation by team members. Regular team meetings present the opportunity of solving any merging issues before they become hindrances to the team. They are also responsible for keeping the team on focus and functioning as a single unit. The information serves to update the team of any new strategies, requirements, or regulation while motivation serves to keep the members burning in their respective roles towards the achievement of the set objectives. Interpersonal and communication are the life of a team. They are key to spelling out how the organization functions. Through improving these skills, the team is able to move as a single unit. Significant problems are easy to solve at the preliminary stages. By ignoring them, they grow to affect the entire team and by the time the leader responds, it might even require financial input to solve them. Timely feedback ensures the team functioning is not affected or significantly affected. It is important as it determines how the team member or even the team tackles the response of the leader. Open feedback is assuring, and effective for it implies that the leader is tackling the conflict and those involved. Rewards have a motivating capability. By rewarding persons, it helps build on competition, and extra effort, virtues beneficial to the team/organization. Performance appraisal serves to keep team members on track and not only consistent but also productive. Team culture Teams should acknowledge the role of the other in meeting the ultimate objective. This would mean the culture of the organization to be open and interdependent at certain levels. The different sections in the team would depend and/or collaborate with the other in their functioning. For effective collaboration, there should be a protocol stating the collaboration level. The senior members should be open to set up the protocols. Team Charter stipulates the rights th
Introduction The Joe Rogan podcast is famous for providing analysis to current and trending topics. The podcast has been blamed for providing misinformation to the listeners. On April 23, Joe Rogan mentioned that healthy young people should not be vaccinated against the Covid-19 virus. The information was received with uproar because it spread the wrong information at the time when the vaccination drive was ongoing. The white house through Dr. Fauci disapproved of the information provided by Joe Rogan. The professionals noted that there is a risk of passing the virus to the older generation or other vulnerable groups. This essay will use logos, pathos, and ethos to evaluate the anti-vaccination comments by Joe Rogan. Logos The argument by Joe Rogan relied on the logic that young people who exercise and eat a healthy diet are not likely to get the disease. Therefore, Rogan argued that the youth do not need the vaccine. According to Rogan, keeping fit and being young serve as enough protection against the virus (MSNBC). This argument jeopardizes the health of other people who interact with the teenagers and are already vaccinated (Stecula and Matt). The World Health Organization confirms that there is a risk of adolescents acting as carriers of the virus (Felsenstein and Christian). Carriers may not experience the severe symptoms but can spread the virus to vulnerable people. The information provided by Rogan also failed to consider the nature of the virus. The virus has several mutations which are different in the way they affect the body. Some of the young people may vulnerable to the new strains which underline the importance of getting vaccinated. The comments by Rogan also failed to incorporate the living situation in most homes. Young people live at home with their older adults who are placed in the vulnerable category. The CDC has placed people aged 50 years above as susceptible to the disease because of comorbidities such as diabetes and high blood pressure (Felsenstein and Christian). Therefore, young people living with their relatives need the vaccine to ensure that they can not pass it to them. The argument is not based on facts and should not have been provided by the individual because of the risks it extends (Stecula and Matt). All people need the vaccine because of the complex nature of the disease. Also, protecting older adults by getting vaccinated can be fulfilling for younger people. Ethos and Pathos Rogan may have used the argument to instill apathy against the vaccine in young people. The podcaster’s main aim was to take advantage of the vaccination divide to change the way the youth view vaccines. Appealing to the emotions of people by inspiring apathy against a particul
Abstract Israeli-Palestinian conflict has continued for six decades and has caused the deaths of thousands of people. Disputes over territorial borders, ownership of Jerusalem, and water resources are some of the sources of conflict. The type of conflict that is evident is confrontational conflict because the two countries fight to achieve their demands. The conflict does not only cause the deaths of people, but it also threatens international security. The application of the crisis management process is effective in the resolution of conflicts because it offers a systematic process of resolving conflicts. To resolve the conflicts, the recommendations are that Israel and Palestine should cease the attacks, the United Nations should compel signing of peace treaties, the leaders should undertake fruitful negotiations, and the ICC should identify and arrest culprits. Introduction The Israeli-Palestinian crisis had continued since the time when Israel gained its independence as a sovereign nation in 1948. Evidently, some of the main causes that initiated the war between Israel and Palestine include border control, ownership of cities such as Jerusalem, and problems related to the displacement of Palestinians. Although Israel and Palestine have signed several peace treaties under the mediation of countries like Egypt and the United States, none of them has honored these treaties. Therefore, the study examines the case study of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and discusses the cause, type of the conflict, effects of the conflict, crisis management process, and offer recommendations. Case Study Although the war between Palestine and Israel dates back to the middle part of the 20 th century, it became apparent in 1948 when Israel attained its independence. When Israel achieved its independence in 1948, some parts of the Palestinian territory became part of Israel, and thus, some Palestinians retaliated. According to Ross (2004), some Arab countries were not in agreement with the formation of a Jewish state within the borders of Palestine and Jordan. The initial disagreement explains the breakout of war soon after 1948. As a result, the war has continued for the last six decades and has caused thousands of deaths, with Palestinians being the major victims. Discussion Major Causes Some of the major causes of the
The legality or illegality of terminating pregnancy (abortion) is one of the most contentious issues in the present communities, owing to the fact that, although some communities have legalized abortion, still some communities criminalize it. Prior to my understanding of the circumstances surrounding abortion, I was one individual who strongly opposed the act. As most antagonist of legalizing abortion, I held the idea that, abortion is an immoral act not only in the eyes of the society, but also in the eyes of God. In addition, I had a notion that, most abortion supporters are murderers; individuals whom the society should ex-communicate from its midst, to avoid such individuals from “corrupting” other members of the society. On the other hand, because I associated abortion with killing of innocent babies, to me the entire act was a disgrace to the human dignity and any country that allowed the act was a barbaric nation, with no sense of direction. Although this was the case previously, with time the notions have undergone a transformation, because of proper understanding the concept and circumstances surrounding it. Owing to such understanding, although I do not strongly support the act, I believe that, governments should legalize abortion under specific-special circumstances. For example, take a case of a pregnancy resulting from rape. Most rape and incest pregnancies can result in serious psychological torture hence, most children born out of such pregnancies will always lack the required parental love. In addition to lack of parental love, what if the mother is not physically, emotionally, and psychologically ready to support the growing child? Considering this, another question arises; why give birth to a baby with surety that such a baby will suffer due to lack of the required support to sustain not only the pregnancy, but also the baby? Yes, to some extent the argument by some antagonists of abortion that, the mother can give the child for adoption is correct; however, does adoption eliminate the guilt and pain associated with rape or incest pregnancy? For sure to avoid this like instances, it is advisable for abortions to be legal in these like circumstances (Southern Eastern Center Against Sexual Assault: SECASA, p. 1). In addition, considering that, abortion is the termination of a growing fetus’s life, morally and ethically the act is wrong. However, why should mothers keep pregnancies when their health or the health of the babies they are carrying is in danger
At the moment, AIDS is becoming quite widespread, despite all the preventive and familiarization measures carried out in educational institutions. Thus, in order to improve the situation, college administrations are introducing various measures to combat the problem. The educational organization, Camden County College decided to install dispensers with condoms in the toilets. Henceforth, this work aims to prove that condom dispensers are an effective measure to lower the incidence of AIDS in adolescents, increase the credibility of college and develop sexual education and awareness. Therefore, as already mentioned, Camden County College decided to install special dispensers in the toilets of the educational organization. The main problem was the ambiguity of opinions about this decision. However, this work believes that this initiative can play a positive role in changing the dynamics of sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. At the moment, it is noted that the age of sexual activity is significantly reduced. Research shows that “in a nationally representative survey of college students, only 58% of sexually active students reported condom use at last vaginal intercourse” (The Condom Dispenser Initiative para. 1). Further, one of the sources indicated that “The contributing factors are the cost, lack of convenient access, social norms, and lack of knowledge on how to use a condom effectively” (Turner 2). These indicators are disappointing since, at the same time, the risk of contracting a dangerous disease increases. Moreover, feelings of shame or lack of money can also influence the decision of young people to neglect contraceptives. Limited access to protective equipment such as condoms is the most important obstacle in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases in young people. Hence, when installing dispensers, the incidence rate can significantly improve since it directly affects the issue. Every young person cannot worry about buying a contraceptive measure. Particular influence in this process should be paid attention to the aspect that the introduction and improvement of sexual education are crucial. It is vital to instill in students the importance of following the rules of contraception and how important it is not to have promis
Introduction Since the 1990s, different organisations implemented and perfected the sports law since the discipline is under different managements. Conflicts of interest are likely to rise ever since sports became a commercialised affair in Europe. The competitive discipline see prominent people fail doping tests after years of participating in various sports forcing them to reimburse sporting authorities for the years in which they won. The Structure and Organisation of Sport Organization of a sporting event by one Federation The sports policy program does not recommend the organization of sports through a single Federation. Initially, organisation of sporting events was the responsibility of private sports organisations. One Federation can organisation sports event, but it does not make sense that the same organisation will follow all the legislative, political, and economic laws objectively. International and national federations have to play a role in organizing a sporting event since they have to investigate various facts about sports personalities including criminal records, administrative records, and civil responsibility ( FIFA/CIES programme in sport management , 2010). Swiss law and world sport The Swiss law is important in the world sport because all public sporting associations are under its authority. As such, each time they seek to participate in international sporting activities, they have to consult the head office in Switzerland. The Swiss law binds each club, athlete, member, and federation to a sports organisation that recognises the Swiss law. As a state law, the Swiss law permits federations and clubs to organise sporting events within and outside Switzerland. That Swiss law assumes the responsibilities of a national law that protects its territory against external interference (Houlihan, 2002). The EU law and world sport The European Court of Justice (ECJ) deals with different cases of breached contracts, failed doping tests, and unscrupulous sports management technique. The European Union law ensures that the euro zone complies with the set sporting standards as the sport law permits. The European Union law ensures that member states within the Euro zone have their cases solved in case they go beyond the national jurisdiction. In the sporting field, the Swiss, British, Irish, and French among other member states can appeal to the higher court, which is the ECJ when they feel that the national sports laws do not address their grievances effectively. Arguably, the EU law explains why one federation cannot organise a sports event objectively since it has to follow a regional law. The European Union law creates a supranational community within the euro zone ( FIFA/CIES programme in sport management , 2010). The Status of the Athlete The contract An employment contract must first recognise that the footballer is an ordinary citizen eligible for tax payment and employment in the country of residence. It also has to have an open-ended agreement stipulating any possibilities of t