ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In Ken Burns’ documentary, the advent of the automobile caused the National Parks to be more accessible to people of all kinds. This has also led many people who have visited the national parks and the wilderness to appreciate nature and its wildlife. This led the people to realize that the wilderness forms the most special places in the nation. This realization has brought the idea for the need for preservation of the wilderness in its natural form in order to ensure that the future generations would have the opportunity to enjoy the scenery and beauty in the wild. The wilderness should not be preserved for royalty and the rich only but for everyone in the nation. This paper will address on some of the influences this, combined with nationalism, have had on America’s vocation habits. The results that are likely to occur due to this fact will also be addressed. Impact on America’s vacation habits The advent of automobile has enabled many to visit the national parks of America and this has led people to appreciate the wild and have a reason to want it to be preserved. Cole, who was a lover of nature and a great contributor to American nationalism, advocated for the preservation of the wilderness. When he went to the upper Ohio Valley, where his family resided, the beauty in the wild forests moved him and that is where he decided to place his career choice. He wanted to represent his feelings in pictures and that is when he decided to pursue art (Nash, p. 78). Nash acknowledged that the appreciation of the wild began in the cities. It is due to the accessibility to the national parks that various people began to view the wilderness in a different light and their attitudes changed. The people who have come to view wild based on romanticism and deism include the writers, scientists, artists and the vacationers. These types of people viewed the wilderness in another perspective other than the pioneer’s perspective. Impact on the American wilderness Due to the continued appreciation of the wilderness, people have resorted to performing ac
Robert W. Lucky’s article titled “To Twitter or not to Twitter” discusses the dilemma that older internet users find themselves. Lucky (2010) seeks to share his dilemma on whether or not to join the social networking site. The main argument is that age is the key factor in determining the use of Twitter. Lucky (2010) targets a broad audience but has a bias for the older generation. The article appeals to his contemporaries since the discussion relates to issues they are struggling with, while the younger generation will find some historical value in it and a feel of the perspective the older generation has on their use of Twitter. The author succeeds in sharing his dilemma with his audience. The article starts by defining Twitter and describing how it works, based on the author’s perspective. This part informs the sections of the audience who may not have interacted with Twitter, thereby putting them on the same page as the rest. The author then delineates between the younger and the older generation. He refers to the younger generation as “digital natives” (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). This means that they grew up with technology as part of their daily experience. On the other hand, he refers to the older generation as “digital immigrants” who have adapted to the technological changes in the recent years (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). The author then goes on to share personal experiences with younger persons in meetings. He provides a narrative on how they affected his thinking. The paper concludes by questioning the relevance of Twitter to the older generation in rational terms, but leaves room for the audience to arrive at their own conclusions regarding the use of Twitter. The article had two distinct strengths. The first one is that the author succeeds in communicating to a broad audience. The distinction between the digital natives and digital immigrants invites both age groups to the discussion. While the article relates the struggles of the digital immigrants, it gives stories that digital natives are familiar. The use of technical terms comes with special care. At the introduction, there is a full description of what Twitter is, and how it works. Inside the body, there are descriptions for the terms “digital native” and “digital immigrant” (Lucky, 2010, p. 245). This makes the article informative for the older generation, while it makes it entertaining for the younger generation who may find it amusing that there is need to describe how Twitter works. The second key strength of the article is that it succeeds in demonstrating the role of age in the use of Twitter. In the latter sections, the discussion on whether to use Twitter in a forthcoming industry meeting provides an interesting look at the purpose Twitter serves for the two generations. The digital natives use it for social networking while the older one seems to try to find a way to use it for professional applications. The author does not see the point in someone posting on Twitter that they are now awake. It does not seem to add any value to the audience viewing that Tweet. However
The introduction While discussing jazz dance and its techniques, it is necessary to consider some historical fundamentals on a dance style. First of all, it should be pointed out that jazz is recognized to be African-American vernacular dance. The word Jazz started to be used in times of the First World War. The modern and ballet dance styles can be also applied to jazz, as the kind of popular dance styles involves a wide range of dance elements. Swing and tap dance as the examples of jazz Generally, there is a need to point out that jazz requires a strong background in ballet, folk and modern dances, as grace and balance are extremely important in one of the most popular dance styles. Although jazz is based on unique moves and should reflect a dancer’s originality, one is to remember that a high level of energy is the key characteristic of a well-known dance style. Swing and tap dance are considered to be the most vivid forms of jazz dance, which reflect the so-called nature of the kind of a well-known dance style. The most important variations of the second form of jazz include Broadway tap and rhythm tap. Swing styles involve a wide range of substyles, namely the Savoy style, Lindy style, West Coast Swing, Whip, Push, Supreme Swing, Imperial Swing, Carolina Shag, DC Hand Dancing, East Coast Swing, Ballroom West Coast Swing, Country-Western Swing, Cajun Swing, Pony Swing and Live (Heikkila, n. d.). The basic techniques of jazz Isolation, suspension and contraction are recognized to be the basic techniques of jazz dance. Thus, isolation requires one part of a person’s body to be active; while another one should remain still. Suspension, in its turn, is to be based on moving through certain positions. In other words, one can conclude that when suspension occurs, balancing in positions is not allowed. Contraction jazz steps involve a wide range of turns, including piques, pirouettes, etc. Dancers can show jazz walks in various ways. Gus Giordano, Bob Fosse and Jack Cole are considered to be the most famous choreographers of jazz. They emphasized such famous techniques as quick directional changes, inward knees, long knee slides, full-body isolations, etc. Jo McDonald (n. d.) characterizes jazz in the following way: Parallel and inverted leg lines are dominant. Angular lines and sharp movements are juxtaposed with long, curving lines and flowing movement. Complex rhythms including polyrhythms and syncopation are paramount; as are isolations of body parts such as the head, shoulders, ribs and hips; stylish poses and gestures; and fast, complex foot work (para. 8). In other words, it seems to be evident that jazz is considered to be one of the most difficult dance styles. Conclusion As far as jazz may include numerous elements of ballet, folk and modern dances, it is necessary to highlight some similarities and differences between dance styles. Thus, on the one hand, jazz involves numerous classical lines and repetitions, which are originated from ballet and folk dances; on the other hand, numerous adaptable elements jazz
Introduction Mean Girls is a teen comedy film released in 2004 and is based on Rosalind Wiseman’s 2002 non-fiction self-help book, Queen Bees and Wannabes . Many people experience challenges in the community due to racism, stereotyping, and being misunderstood. Mean Girls is one of the movies that has focused on how teenagers are affected by peer pressure and bullying. The film was directed by Mark Waters and starred characters such as Lindsay Lohan, Jonathan Bennett, and Rachel McAdams. Waters uses different character development techniques, themes, and moral lessons to ensure the film is educative and more fascinating. Social cliques in high school are common and impact the development of the students and their behaviors. Thus, this report analyzes Candy using Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory and Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory to determine how her behaviors were influenced by different aspects such as dating and relationships, and bullying. The Character Candy Heron Candy Heron is one of the main characters in the film Mean Girls. Her experiences have largely impacted her behaviors in school. She first tries to make new friends on her first day at North Shore High School, common in many new students. However, Candy learns that there are different cliques in the school. Moreover, she is warned about a group known as Plastics led by Regina, which takes an interest in her after protecting her against her classmate. Candy had previously befriended Janis Ian and Damian Leigh, who informed her about the Plastics and their behaviors. Surprisingly, Candy is attracted to Regina’s ex-boyfriend Aron. Her attraction forces her to purposely fail her math test to ensure that she has a chance to talk to Aron. However, Regina learns about the on-going issue regarding Candy and Aron. Hence, she enviously steals him back at a Halloween party by kissing him in front of Cady. Regina’s controversial issues lead Candy to trick her and ensure that she eats nutritional bars to gain more weight. Using Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory and Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory to Analyze Candy Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory is one of the theories that have analyzed the behaviors of individuals. The concept shows that people experience different life stages that can involve trust and mistrust and shame and doubt (Berger, 2018). Moreover, the model also shows that people experience conflict at every stage, which is a turning point in development. Additionally, the theory reveals that if people manage to deal with the conflicts, they emerge from the stage with psychological strengths. Hence, these phases can be used to analyze Candy in the film. The changes of behaviors that Candy has experienced involve trust and mistrust. In the first stages of the film, Candy does not know who to trust. For instance, she thinks that the Plastics are good people before learning more about them and their Bum Book, which has awful rumors about other girls and some teachers at school. Moreover, she is urged
Elles et al. in 1998 reviewed 52 intakes and psychosocial assessments completed by social workers, psych residents, and psych nurses. They found that case formulations were dominated by descriptive information with a primary focus on symptoms and past psychiatric history. Only 21% considered positive treatment indicators (e.g., strengths); 42.9 inferred a psychological mechanism, compared to 1.8% who inferred a biological and/or socio-cultural mechanism. Predisposing factors were noted only 37.5% of the time and precipitating factors even less (16.1%). Case formulation is a hypothesis about what predispositional, precipitating, and perpetuating factors and mechanisms influence and impact a person’s psychological, interpersonal, and behavioral problems/struggles. Case formulation in this sense is a tool that helps to organize complex and sometimes contradictory information about a person. In addition the case formulation can serve the following purposes:  1. A blueprint that guides intervention  2. A marker for change  3. A narrative that deepens the practitioner’s understanding of the client  4. A mechanism that generates the practitioner’s empathy for a client Features common to case formulation:  1. Case formulation is compartmentalized into preset components (e.g., identifying information, reason for referral, relevant history, current functioning, etc.) that are addressed individually in the biopsychosocial assessment and then assembled into a comprehensive formulation.  2. The formulation emphasizes levels of inference about a case that can readily be supported by:  1. Client statements in therapy  2. Collateral information and opinion  3. Socio-cultural and environmental information and observation  4. Case histories NB – Case formulations in other clinical disciplines contain information that is based largely on clinical judgment versus patient self report!  1. The goal of case formulation is to integrate rather than summarize descriptive information about the client. Four components of case formulation (meaning things you will want to cover):  1. Symptoms and problems  2. Precipitating stressors or events  3. Predisposing life events or stressors  4. A mechanism that links the preceding categories together and offers an explanation of the precipitants maintaining influence on the individual’s symptoms and problems (this mechanism is your hypothesis and it MUST be theoretically informed) Symptoms & Problems Identification of signs, symptoms, and other phenomenon that is clinically important. This includes the client’s presenting symptoms and chief complaints as well as problems that may be apparent to the clinician, but not to the patient. This is where skilled interviewing needs to be utilized bc a patient’s problem may not always be apparent to them though may be apparent in their presentation. NOTE – What you as the practitioner want to rely on in making this assessment is not just your intuition (e.g. – the client is struggling w
Introduction Weber discussed the issue of ethics in business in his article titled adapting Kohlberg to enhance the assessment of managers’ moral reasoning . In the article, at least four issues are explained, one being balancing between less familiar and the more familiar ethical problems. The second issue entails analyzing and following up issues that have the potential of affecting the manager’s reasoning while focusing on the major organizational principles. In the article, the issue of drafting questions and applying the most reliable interview method is looked into and the dilemma is whether to utilize oral or written interviews. Finally, the author insists on using a simpler evaluation method, but it has to be reliable in order to capture the reasoning of the manager effectively. In this paper, the views of the author are analyzed in detail with an aim of establishing whether they help in assessing the moral judgments and reasoning of organizational leaders. An overview of the article proves that a manager is charged with various responsibilities when serving the organization, but the most important is observing ethics because this would determine their successfulness. The article suggests further that the manager is likely to miss the major organizational aims and objectives in case ethics are not taken into consideration. Th
An individual’s health is determined by several factors known in medical terms as determinants of health. While several of them might be from the environment, several others are an individual’s own making. Consequently, these individual factors played an important role when I tried to come up with a strategy for ensuring that Jason Newman, a young man from Atlanta who is now living in Queensland, Australia lived a healthy life. I found out that Jason was an alcohol addict. This character and lack of interest in searching for medical attention are the greatest challenges that any practitioner could face when trying to help Jason have good health. The main determinants of health are an individual’s social environment, physical environment, and behaviour. Of great interest in the case of Jason is behaviour. Personal characters like consumption of alcohol, smoking, active living, cultural background, coping and reacting to stress, etc determine one’s health. In Jason’s case, too much drinking and lack of interest in seeking medical assistance are the two main behaviours that posed a challenge to me as a practitioner. Jason drinks too much alcohol. Consumption of alcohol is a challenge because it can lead to diseases like cirrhosis. In addition, consuming alcohol tempers a person’s reasoning. As a result, he might engage in risky behaviours that would result in the contraction of certain diseases. Precisely, in the event of being drunk, he increased his risk of engaging in unprotected sex. Therefore, this was my first challenge when dealing with Jason. I had to ensure that this behaviour was eliminated from Jason’s life before I came up with a strategy. In addition, Jason rarely believes in seeking medical attention. In an interview with him, he asserts that medication does not assist in improving health. Instead, it only makes the situation worse. In his country, he used natural herbs which could not harm his health
Adult training is similar to school education in many ways, but it still has many particularities. Age differences shape the way adults are trained, so professional trainers have to consider these features when developing their programs (Wlodkowski & Ginsberg, 2017). Interviewing professionals is one of the effective ways to gain insights into the peculiarities of the industry or practice. This paper includes a brief report concerning an interview with a professional trainer who shares the most relevant experience. Interviewee’s Background As mentioned above, adult training is quite different from formal education as people learn differently at certain stages of their lives. Professional trainers provide educational services in the corporate setting with a focus on organizational needs and goals (Wlodkowski & Ginsberg, 2017). Training can be related to any aspect, including the development of some professional competencies, some general skills, as well as forming the appropriate environment in the working place. Professional training is also provided to trainers who acquire (and share) knowledge and skills associated with teaching adults. The interviewee is a professional trainer involved in teaching trainers (Wlodkowski & Ginsberg, 2017). This person has been chosen as the experience of this practitioner is valuable since it can provide insights into the most effective and recent teaching methodologies. The obtained information can be utilized in any business and any industry, which is the primary reason for inviting this person to take part in the interview. When looking for a potential interviewee, colleagues were addressed. Although the online search is one of the primary methods to locate people and data (that is fast and convenient), trusted individuals’ references are also valuable as the trainees’ evaluation of training effectiveness is available. One of the trainers mentioned by a colleague agreed to participate in the interview that was conducted through a digital communication platform. The interview lasted for an hour and had three major parts: greeting, questions and responses, thanking, and termination. Discussed Areas and Questions Before the conduction of the interview, the aspects that could be covered were analyzed. The review of the recent literature on the matter unveiled some of the most problematic and relevant aspects. Motivation and specific teaching practices are central to research related to adult learning (Shen-Miller et al., 2015; Thompson, 2016). The use of technology in diverse settings is another area of concern. It has been acknowledged that small companies have fewer opportunities to ensure the development of their employees due to scarce resources they can allocate in staff training (Wlodkowski & Ginsberg, 2017). It was important to discuss the opportunities such organizations could have in a highly competitive environment. Therefore, the interview involved ques
Due to the fact that worldview is always subjective and depends greatly upon the person’s cultural background, earlier experiences, and social class, American reality is perceived by different social groups in distinct ways. These modes of perception might even be incompatible, so in order to respond to the conflict in values and the resulting prejudices and discrimination, it is important to undertake a study of these realities and explain the most problematic points. In the present project, I plan to explore the transformation of America over time as shown in the films “Full Metal Jacket”, “Forrest Gump” and “Jarhead”. In order to demonstrate the importance of these films, it is necessary to provide brief summaries. “Forrest Gump” covers quite a long period of American history, narrating the life of a mentally unfit man named Forrest, who succeeds in this life owing to his open-mindedness and assertiveness. However, he goes through a number of adventures, including civil unrests of the 1960s-1970s associated with numerous equality movements, the Vietnam War, and many other social and political issues that he evaluates and approaches from a unique and truly optimistic perspective. Although Forrest can not be viewed as a smart or ambitious person, he reaches the American Dream as he does not hesitate to disclose his opinion and true abilities (e.g. talents in sports). The film, however, offers quite a distant and detached viewpoint, due to the fact that the main character is slightly retarded in intellectual development. “Full Metal Jacket” provides an interesting account of the Vietnam War, as it begins with the indoctrination of Marine recruits, who prepare for joining the military conflict. The training is extremely harsh and embitters soldiers, disposing of them one against another so that one of them even commits suicide. Only after watching the whole film, the viewer realizes the extent of the reduction of soldiers’ personalities to automatons, since Hartman’s death does not suggest the defeat of the evil, but rather points to the fact that a single military man no longer represents the war, so that it can be represented only by hundreds, thousands of disciplined soldiers; correspondingly, the death of the military executive will never result in the termination of the armed conflict. The meaninglessness of a single human life, the devaluation of personality as well as the persistent hopelessness are actually the points that dramatize the Vietnam plot. “Jarhead” deals with the Gulf War and follows Swoof, the protagonist, who suggests that this war is pointless. In fact, the abundance of comments and the