ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
In the XXI century, technology seems to have integrated into people’s everyday life. People use various devices for work, leisure and communication purposes. The latter, however, raises a number of concerns. Seeing how the recent technological advances, especially the creation of social network, has reduced the number of real-life interactions, the threat of technology getting in the way of people’s communication skills development has become an issue. It is wrong to assume that technology has a solely negative impact on people’s communication skills. Despite some of its effects are admittedly bad, with people losing their skill of live communication, modern technology, such as social network, allows for more options in communicating process, helping people transcend the physical boundaries between them and engage in real-time communication. One of the key arguments that depict technology in general and social networking in particular in an unfavorable light when it comes to communication skills development is that technology does not allow for non-verbal communication. In a way, the given argument can be considered legitimate, since most social networks do not involve the visualization of the participants of the conversation in any way. However, it is worth keeping in mind that a number of programs also used for online communication create the premises for non-verbal communication as well via a webcam. Since most arguments concerning the flaws of online communication boil down to the lack of non-verbal elements, and have, in fact, been proven wrong, it will be most reasonable to check the advantages that technologies provide for the communication process. To start with, technologies do not simply help the people who are not currently in the vicinity get in touch, but also contribute to the evolution of economics, education and culture by helping people working in the aforementioned spheres cooperate and, thus, create something impressive. For instance, with the help of technologies, including social network and devices that help communicate more efficiently, several people are able to coordinate an important experiment, therefore, analyzing their progress in a more efficient manner. Another doubtless effect that technology has on communication concerns the fact that, with the assistance of various devices, one can possibly transcend the boundaries between different cultures, starting with language barriers and up to more efficient learning of the specifics of another culture, including non-verbal communication, basic concepts, etc. What takes years to learn without specific devices, e.g., language, traditions, key concepts, etc., can be learned within months or even weeks with the help of a corresponding interactive program and virtual communication with native speakers. Despite the fact that at present, it i
Categories of Customers of Carlton Hotel The hotel receives five categories of clients: Tourists, families, the elderly, business travellers and delegates (carltoncity. sg).   * Tourists: These guests travel specifically for recreation, sightseeing, visiting, as well as non-official activities (Goodman 2006). The hotel management provides them with the information they may need to enjoy their stay at the hotel (Evans & Lindsay 2011). Tourists are always looking for things such as beverages, recreational facilities and other services that meet their demand.   * Families: Usually, they travel when they have no serious or work-related commitments, especially on weekends, because they want to break a little bit from their daily practice (Gössling 2011). The hotel serves their specific needs by offering services such as meals and a playground for babies.   * The elderly this group of people finds it hard to survive without being assisted, so they are always looking for accommodation with a pleasant and sociable environment (Hoyle 2006). Carlton City Hotel responds to their needs by being considerate and patient with them.   * Business travellers: They make the huge bulk of the guests of Carlton City Hotel (Michman & Greco 2000). The hotel has modern facilities such as the Graffiti Sky Bar, plate, Tuxedo Café and state of the art swimming pool that cater to the needs of this group of guests.   * Delegates: the hotel has facilities that cater to this group of clients (Dimmock, Breen & Walo 2003). They usually look for a place told their meetings. The hotel serves their specific needs by ensuring they are allocated enough space, offering them free Internet to facilitate their meetings. Value addition The hotel adds value to its offerings in differing ways. For example: Guest rooms The Carlton City Hotel has added value to guest rooms with free Internet and big-screen TVs (Carlton city.sg). In addition, dining rooms are spacious, fitted with air conditioners and have TVs (Jones 2010). The Graffiti Sky Bar The hotel has added value to the bar by ensuring that different drinks from different countries are offered. In addition, the bar is located on the 28 th floor just enable clients to have the sky of the entire town (Weygandt 2005). The hotel has also equipped it with sporting facilities such as a pool table, computer games and smoking zones where smokers can enjoy their cigars. Staff Since employees are the face of the hotel, the management has developed schemes that enable them to enhance their skills for better service (Ragins & Greco 2003). The hotel sponsors employees to pursue online self paces courses. This adds value to the services of the hotel as the management knows how to handle its visitors. Front office The front office is spacious, with many receptionists to serve clients. In addition, the hotel has benchmarked time limits in which certain things linked to clients are supposed to be carried out (Bardi 2007). For instance, the front office is supposed to apply the 10-5 rule when greeting guests, answer the phone call within three rings (Riley, Lloyd & Propst 2007). The staff is also supposed to compl
The reality that human asset is the most vital element in success of organizations cannot be overemphasized. As businesses embrace the dynamics of globalization, human asset has become the only factor that differentiates an organization from its competitors. Moreover, the level of human asset strength in an organization will be the key determinant between losing and gaining in tomorrow’s global markets. Although organizations strive to improve different types of assets so as to accelerate their performance, some tend to ignore the vital role of human asset. As the quoted author elucidates, deliberate measures are needed to attract, motivate and manage this significant asset and consequently an organization’s performance will be guaranteed. On the same note, I fully agree with the author because in as far as some individuals are likely to argue that employees can be replaced with ease, the latter exercise may not yield positive outcomes bearing in mind that it is highly unlikely that a successor will posses the same level of skill-sets, expertise or knowledge. It is against this theoretical approach that human resource experts often argue that valuable employees are irreplaceable. The same notion is shared by Armstrong and Baron (2002). The two scholarly authors attempt to underscore that human assets account for close to 85% of the total company’s assets at any given time. Moreover, the speed at which organizations attain success and success is heavily dependent on employees’ skills and subsequent motivation to drive a company’s goals forward. On the same note, Boxall and Purcell (2003) highlight that most organizations today have realized the significance of human asset and as such, most are adopting what is called Strategic Human Resource Management to run this important asset. Initially, the important role of employees to organizational performance was mainly overlooked, but through numerous surveys their significance has been established (Armstrong & Baron, 2002). Following this discovery, the idea of strategic human resources management was born and this view eschews from grouping human asset together with physical asset, instead employees are viewed as more valuable due to the irreplaceable nature mentioned above (Boxall & Purcell, 2003). Moreover, the new idea seeks to identify and implement appropriate programs and procedures that are necessary to increase the value of human asset in organization owing to the fact that strong human capital base promotes competitive advantage (Boxall & Purcell, 2003). The latter has been identified as one of the core principles of winning contemporary marketplace competition in a business world that has turned global. In any case, lack of competitive advantage that has been occasioned by poorly developed human asset has been responsible for declining returns in most organizations. According to Armstrong and Baron (2002), the realm of Strategic Human Resources Management is not a one time activi
Vegans and vegetarians are people who do not engage in the consumption of meat. However, vegetarians have the option of consuming animal products like eggs and milk, but this option is not available to vegans; vegetarians tend to avoid the intake of all the animal proteins (Craig 1627). It is assumed that most vegans choose their food due to their religious and political beliefs, while vegetarians act out of choice. In effect, Veganism is a way of life that seeks to eliminate the consumption of animal products. On the other hand, vegetarianism is the practice of diet choices that exclude meat products. Mostly, vegans do not consume anything that is obtained from animals, like milk, eggs, honey, or any other supplements derived from animals. On the other hand, vegetarians tend to exclude meat products like fish and meat from their diet, while some of them take dairy products and eggs. Over the years, there has been an increase in the popularity of vegetarian diet. Mostly, vegetarian diets are associated with many health benefits due to the high intake of vitamins, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, unsaturated fats, and phytochemicals (Phillips 134). Most vegan diets have less cholesterol, less saturated fat, and high fiber compared to some vegetarian diets. In effect, these groups of people are normally thinner, have lower serum cholesterol levels, tend to have fewer cases of high blood pressure, and have a reduced risk of getting lifestyle related diseases. While vegetarian diets seem to be the healthy way of living, they increase the number of nutritional deficiencies in the body, as one foregoes the intake of animal products. Of particular concern among the list of micronutrients that such groups of people are likely to be lacking include vitamin B-12, Omega 3 fatty acids, and calcium, among others (Key, Appleby, and Rosell 36). Resultantly, it is imperative that vegans engage in the consumption of supplements to substitute the minimal intake of foods containing these nutrients. Numerous health effects are related to the intake of vegan diets. Vegans are thinner in nature, have lower levels of cholesterol, and considerably lower levels of blood pressure compared to vegetarians. One study by Marsh, Zeuschner, and Saunders shows that the health benefits were true for all the races that were vegan in nature; they included the whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics (260
The Gap (Gap) is a well known name in the retailing world for clothing and related accessories for men, women and kids, sold under the reputed brand names like Gap, banana republic, old navy, Forth & Towne etc.. Primarily operating in North America, the company operates more than 3,000 stores worldwide, having stores in United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Ireland and Japan. Key resources for Gap include the human resource headed by the competent strategists in the form of its top management and a renowned brand identity. While the strategists provide plans and policies the motivated work force seems to ensure proper implementation of these plans. Services of people like Karyn Hillman, and Liz Claiborne too proved crucial in implementing the plans set up by Pressler. Brand equity on the other hand is an important intangible asset for the company. It not only creates a product identity, but it also helps in establishing lasting relationship with customers. The brand identity adds significant value to the range of products offered by the company. A company will not be in a position to take advantage of its resources, if there is no matching determination and capability to implement the plans. Gap has the capability to take on its competitors head-on by unleashing a range of competitive measures like penetrative pricing, entering into strategic tie-ups with the likes of designer Roland Mouret in order to offset the losses. Thanks to such strategies, the company was able to sustain the losses during periods of sagging sales, while the crack was duly filled up in due course. Gap also has the ability to invite the attention of its customer, even when the company goes for an overhaul of its strategies and positioning of its products in the market. In 2003 the business of Gap Inc bounced back when the management decided to reposition the three main brands. The sales saw an upswing after 29 months of straight decline. Gap’s understanding of the changing fashion ideas is one of the key core competencies of the company. The brand ‘Old Navy’ was an instant hit amongst the younger crowed, when the company shifted its focus to teenagers in the year 2000. The expertise in fashion wear and the company’s ability to translate this expertise into developing and manufacturing trendy cloths is another core competency for Gap. Three findings of the case include; Gap’s majority hold on the North American market, Gap’s dwindling sales figures in recent years, Overdependence on the North American Market. It is worthwhile here to mention that while on the one hand the overwhelming presence of Gap in the North American market is a strong point for the company, the overdependence on this market becomes a weaker link for Gap. If
The argument on whether humans have free will has remained controversial for decades. Determining whether our actions are purely based on our own volition or controlled by a chain of preceding events has remained very complex. Attempts by scientists and philosophers to find a universally accepted explanation for the phenomenon have been futile. According to Ross (2012), both freedom and determinism play significant roles in influencing human choices and behavior. However, in my opinion, humans do not have free will. Their decisions are influenced by various external factors. Philosophers such as Rene Descartes claimed that humans have free will and that external factors play a minimal role in influencing their decisions. In fact, Descartes was so convinced of human free will that he described it as “so free in its nature that it cannot be constrained” (Frankfurt 74). Those who hold the position that human decisions are controlled by free will argue that even though our surroundings bully us, the final decision is ours. We consciously decide how to respond to situations and what to do despite external influence. The fact that we make our own choices makes us responsible for them and the consequences that they may attract. The proponents of this argument also claim that the fact that humans are held responsible for their actions and decisions can only mean that they are free to choose what to do for how can people be held responsible for something they have no power to choose how to respond to? Since we are always held accountable for our choices, then it means that we are free when making those choices. Our genes, biology, and environment play a significant role in shaping our characters. Our characters in tern shape our choices. The above factors are completely out of our control thereby affirming the fact that we do not act out of free will. Our decisions are always influenced by external factors. For instance, if a person decides to change residence, it could be because of changes in his or her socio-economic situation but not just a random decision to move. Additionally, a customer who decides to buy an ice cream may be seen to have made a random decision but in reality, the customer may have been influenced by hunger, thirst, and the availability of money to buy the ice cream. Without the money, thirst, and hunger, the customer may not have considered buying the ice cream. From the above examples, it becomes clear that what many people consider free choi
The article “What simulations can do for you” by Sallies (2002) begins by explaining why simulation was considered a good way to teach English as a second language. The author explains that language is usually a tool we use to accomplish things in life instead of something that we concentrate our full attention on. Simulation approach gives students the context to learn language at the same time that it gives them real tools to use outside of the classroom. It is a more relaxed way to learn the new language that also lets students learn more natural ways of using language. The author suggests that using current events and issues is a way to get students immediately involved in the simulation. This practice also opens up the possibilities for students to learn on their own outside of the classroom. “Because it is a learning-centered approach, it nurtures creativity by forcing learners to research the profile of their roles, the situation of the simulation, and ways to perform and succeed in the simulated environment. The more they research, the more they practice their language, and the more they learn independently.” The author admits simulation learning has a weakness in teaching written language, but it is very effective teaching students how to speak a new language quickly. This article didn’t provide a lot of statistical support for its claims. It uses a small segment of the population, the students who have passed through the author’s classroom, as proof of its claims. It does not provide any measurable proof that this means of language instruction is stronger than another way of teaching language. As a result, it is weak in content and face validity. It is written from a strongly biased point of view in which the author is also the developer of the program as well as the interpreter of the results. The author provides many reasons why simulation learning is effective, and these reasons are very convincing from a personal viewpoint. It seems correct that people who are actively engaged in learning would learn faster. This is because they can apply their lessons immediately, because their lessons can be applied to daily life and because they can learn on their own something that is interesting to them. In the article “Using Simulation in English Classrooms” by Jonnie Hill & Olga Fleonova (2008), the subject of using simulation in English classrooms
The nursing theories are usually divided into grand theories, middle-range theories, and practical theories. In this context, grand and middle-range theories provide concepts of nursing that can be referred to as the main constructs of the practice, as it is in the case of grand theories, or ideas that can be applied to the research and nursing cases, as it is in the case of middle-range theories. Different researchers use various classifications to discuss Madeleine M. Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care: Diversity and Universality because it explains such main concepts of nursing as ‘culture’ and ‘care’ and it can be applied to the research as Dr. Leininger developed the ideas of transcultural nursing and the principles of the ethnonursing research (McFarland, Mixer, Wehbe-Alamah, & Burk, 2012, p. 260; Ray, 2013, p. 142). From this point, Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care can be discussed as actively applied to the research in order to study the relationship between cultural patterns, diversity, universality, and the provided care. The main assumptions that give the basis for Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care are associated with the idea that care is the central concept of nursing and that the culture affects the process of caring significantly as people differ in their beliefs, expectations, and responses. Thus, Dr. Leininger stated that nursing is based on the care, and it should be both humanistic and scientifically supported (Ray, 2013, p. 143). The healing can be effective when the required care is provided. In addition, the care can lead to positive results when the cultural expectations of patients are addressed (McFarland et al., 2012). Cultural visions and patterns can be both diverse and universal, and nurses should pay attention to them as the cultural and social environment affects each aspect of the person’s life, including his or her needs and perceptions of care. Therefore, Dr. Leininger proposed the principles of transcultural nursing and developed the ethnonursing methodology that allows the application of the theory in research. The idea of transcultural nursing is based on the cultural and anthropological theories, according to which nurses should study care constructs in the cultural contexts in order to discover what beliefs, worldviews, and social factors can influence caring (McFarland et al., 2012). Nurse educators pay much attention to helping nurse students and practitioners understand how cultural aspects can be significant to affect the care process and outcomes, and what areas should be studied in detail. In its turn, the ethnonursing research methodology proposed by Dr. Leininger is important to provide the research tools for studying and discovering culturally diverse contexts that influence the practice. This methodology is applied to the research in order to “discover, describe, and systematically analyze the care expressions, patterns, and practices of people in their naturalistic environmental contexts” (McFarland et al., 2012, p. 262). Researchers can use t