ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Acts of the Apostles, the Gospel of Luke, and the Gospel of John are the critical components of the Bible, showing the historical background of the events during the year 0 and after. It is important to note that there are no precise factual data, but numerous similarities and overlapping information can be a clue to identifying historical origins. Luke’s Gospel The Gospel of Luke and the Holy Apostles Acts were known as two separate works since Marcion included only the Gospel in his canon. Except for the legend of single authorship and the prologues that unite both pieces, there is no external evidence in favor of the initially closer unity of these works. In the present, no single manuscript is known where the Acts of the Holy Apostles and the Gospel of Luke could be placed one after another. According to papyrologists, the historical factor is that the text volumes of both works are significant because the initial use of two different papyrus scrolls was identified (Carroll and Cox 401). However, the early transition of Christ’s authors to using codes makes this argument less weighty. In church tradition, both in the West and in the East, the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Holy Apostles were always contained in different books – the Gospel and the Apostle. Today, biblical studies believe that the solution to the question can be based only on the internal criticism of texts. It involves analysis of language, style, genre originality, compositional
Enron Corporation, having been founded in 1985, was one of the largest integrated natural gas and electricity companies in the global economy. It was generally involved with natural gases and liquids handling the marketing and transmission of these products all over the world (Alvesson, 2002). It was also one of the largest independent producers of electricity providing for the needs of both private and public markets all over the world. This couples with its involvement in the solar and wind renewable energy sector allowed it to be allocated one of the largest gas-related risk management contracts in the world. It also managed on of North America’s largest oil and gas exploration centers, modernizing the utilities industry through a series of pioneered innovative trading products leading to a surge of economic growth that characterized the face of the company in the early nineties (Sims & Brinkmann, 2003). The company also underwent a series of expansion programs that were made possible by the government’s deregulation of market prices in the sale of natural gas. This allowed the company to increase the price of their products allowing them a higher revenue margin that increased their profitability. As a result, the company was a huge opponent in the government’s bid to reintroduce regulation processes and succeeded through a series of lobbying mechanisms to maintain the free market (Sims & Brinkmann, 2003). Problems within the company arose when the magnitude of company losses was obscured from the stakeholders giving them the false perception that the company was still making profits. The corporate governance structure within Enron was weak and questionable. The relationship among corporate governance intermediaries had failed because the company indeed had a board of directors and well qualified external auditors but the company still managed to increase it revenue to the unsustainable levels. An in depth analysis into the business ethics of the company revealed that the company seemed to report more income and cash flow with inflated asset values while liabilities were not accounted for (Sims & Brinkmann, 2003). This among others were some of the reasons that the company went into bankruptcy dragging along with it investor’s money through a fall in stock prices. Revenue recognition by the company was done in a biased manner, overlooking
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen This document was conceptualized by parliament of France during the French Revolution (Anderson, 1908, p.59). The document was categorical that men were born in freedom and deserved equal treatment. The document maintained that the rulers of government had a duty to protect and safeguard these natural rights. The declaration stated that any form of political mandate was derived from the masses. Members of the French National Assembly appreciated the need to uphold and safeguard rights of man (Anderson, 1908, p.59). The declaration contained a list of natural and inalienable rights and privileges of man (Anderson, 1908, p.59). However, the declaration was categorical that all rights and privileges demanded a sense of duty and responsibility. This declaration ensured that the actions of the executive and legislative arm of government upheld the rights and dignity of man (Anderson, 1908, p.59). The declaration ensured that all citizens lived in harmony and in absolute respect for constitutional provisions regarding natural rights. The declaration had provisions regarding the rights of man and the citizen. All men were born in equality and freedom. According to the declaration, any political undertaking should be geared towards preservation of rights of man. Those rights include: freedom, riches, and agitation for rights. The nation was declared to be the sole owner of all sovereign powers and all individual power was to be derived from the sovereign entity (Anderson, 1908, p.60). Liberty was defined as the ability to do anything that does not contravene the rights of man. The law was granted the ability to stop any actions that posed danger to the rights of men (Anderson, 1908, p.60). Law was meant to protect all people. All had a right to participate in making laws. Man could only be arrested or held in isolation after the law granted such provision (Anderson, 1908, p.60). The law allowed punishment for wrongdoing. This was to be carried out in accordance to established legal guidelines. Under the law, every man was held as innocent unless guilt was proven in a court of law. The declaration granted man the right to express opinion on condition that the opinion did not contravene law and order. The right to opinion was considered a basic right of every man (Anderson, 1908, p.61). The rights of man were to be checked and maintained by an institution for the good of all. Citizens were g
Obsessive-compulsive disorder refers to an anxiety behavior portrayed by invasive thoughts. These thoughts lead to recurring behavior that can be distinguished by uneasiness, nervousness, panic, or worry. The most common type of OCD is repetitive hand washing. People with the obsessive- compulsive disorder may try to control or stop the obsessions. This does not work out for the best as it amplifies stress and anxiety. Obsessive-compulsive behavior has been existent for centuries. In the 17th century, compulsions and obsessions were viewed as symptoms of melancholy. In 1691, Bishop John Moore of England held a sermon regarding religious melancholy. According to him, those obsessed have mischievous and at times sacrilegious thoughts that begin in their mentality. He continues by saying that, despite their devotion to God, the more they try to repress these thoughts, the more they increase. (obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 2012) Before the growth of psychological treatments, the endorsed treatment was to curb the condition by doing the compulsive behavior harder and often. Traditional talk better known as therapy was good for the understanding of the patient’s mind. Individuals who drew too much attention, which was very common, were persecuted, imprisoned, or subjected to cruel, wrong experiments (Zelman, 2009). Some myths associated with OCD include; OCD behavior is caused by low self-esteem and bad childhood and that it is a rare disease. People should realize that these are just myths. The causes of the disorder are not completely clear and may be linked with the functions of neurotransmitters. OCD is a common disorder that is affecting about 2.2 million American adults every year. There are common signs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive behavior. The individual may inhabit behaviors such as extreme double-checking of stuff; frequent checking on dear ones; doing ridiculous things to lessen anxiety such as counting; constant cleaning and washing; obsession with religious or sexual thoughts; arranging stuff or accumulating petty things. Such symptoms can be time-consuming and tend to push people away. Neurotransmitters are chemical couriers communicating diverse tasks to the body. Research implies that a disproportion of neurotransmitters could a
Introduction Stereotyping is creating a mental image of a group of people basing on certain opinions with disregard of the differences among individuals. Prejudice, on the other hand, is negatively judging a particular group of people or having views about the group without the knowledge of the facts (Walter, 1999). This is prejudging someone without actually knowing the person. This paper will address the issue of stereotyping and prejudice in schools, look at how they occur and provide recommendation for improvement. Prejudice and stereotyping I believe that people tend to think that stereotyping and prejudice only occur in adults because one might not imagine a seven-year-old do such a thing. However, research has indicated that it even occurs in elementary schools (McKown & Weinstein, 2003). Children of this age have been recorded to show awareness and have even suffered from stereotyping by fellow classmates. Research has also shown that adults may be affected by stereotypes. The feeling of being judged based on stereotypes may negatively affect the performance of the individual. These effects include poor performance in academics (Walter, 1999). McKown and Weinstein (2003) proposed a particular time in the lives of children when they become aware of stereotyping. They proposed that it begins at a tender age of between six and ten. They begin with no prior information about stereotyping. As they develop, they start to get the idea when someone has a stereotype. They later start talking about the stereotypes themselves (McKown & Weinstein, 2003, p. 506). In the three classrooms visited for the exercise, several observations were made. Firstly, the Latino and the African Americans had been greatly affected by the stereotypes held against them. Basing from the comments from the victims, the stereotypes held against them concerning their performance had caused them to develop negative attitudes towards cognitive tasks that were meant to measure their ability. However, when the same task was described as a problem-solving task, they performed much better. This only proved that their low self-esteem that came about with the stereotypes concerning their academic ability had negatively affected their perceptions and attitudes towards tasks measuring their ability. In a particular classroom, prejudice had led to the formation of groups of students that were problematic. However, it was unfortunate that some teachers seemed to have little or no knowledge of how to handle diversity in the classroom. It had also been reported that prejudice had resulted in violence, bullying and conflict in a particular classroom in the preschool visited. Recommendation for change It should be understood that stereotyping is not a strange phenomenon in preschools (as observed). This is because of the nature of the children’s cognition or development process. Therefore, it is important that teachers in schools understand that their students are very likely to develop stereotypes. The teachers and parents should be on the forefront in
Over the years, India’s beer industry has grown rapidly, thanks to a growing number of beer drinkers in the country (United Breweries Ltd 2011). One of the leading and oldest beer companies in India is United Breweries (UB) holdings. The company came into inception in 1915 and over the years, it has grown in sales volumes and market share to become the leading beer manufacturer in India. The company is ranked as the third largest manufacturer of wine and spirits in the world. Beer is classified as the third most popular drink in the world, after water and tea. The objective of this report is to undertake an analysis of United Breweries holdings, a beer company based in India. The analysis will primarily entail a comparison of the beer industry in India with that of the U.S, China, and the Netherlands. To do so, the research paper shall conduct a Porter’s 5 Force industry analysis and PESTEL analysis on the beer industry in the three aforementioned countries and the results compared with the beer market in India. The paper shall also provide recommendations on the holding level of the beer manufacturer in the global investment index. PESTEL analysis This analytical tool examines the macro-economic factors affecting a company externally. It comprises of the political, environmental, socio-cultural, technological, economics and legal matters affecting the environment in which an organization operates (Phatak, Bhagay & Kashlak 2009) Political: India has different taxation policy compared with China, the U.S, and the Netherlands. For example, imports are highly taxed in China than in the U.S and the Netherlands. This means that United Breweries (UB) is faced with strong political barriers in China than in the Netherlands or the US. Tax on beer and spirits in India has been increased with the aim of increasing revenue and reducing the number of alcoholics (United Breweries Ltd 2011). The industry faces high government taxation, increase in price of raw materials and restricted communication. Policies on waste disposal and deprivation of natural resources such as water continue to leverage the business. Socio-cultural: In India, there has been a social change towards alcohol consumption as more people adopt healthy lifestyles. Compared with the three industries, UB would perform better in India than in the any of the other countries. Although China is ranked as the leading producer of alcohol, new brands from UB would still compete with established Chinese beer brands (Heracleous 2001). Western culture and urbanization would also act as positive shift towards the consumption of alcohol in India (United Breweries Ltd 2011). Technological factors such as innovation affect the packaging and marketing of beer. Compared with China and the US, India lags behind technologically although labor is cheap. Economics: UB has been registering high revenues from the sale of beer. This is attributed to better economic performance of India’s economy due to an increase in consumer purchasing power. However, the company faces high levels of price fluctuations and the global financial crisis which hit the US and European ma
Central Theme Positioning is a commonly used marketing technique used to create a particular product perception and influence the way potential consumers regard products. In their book, Ries and Trout claim that the main distinction of positioning from many other methods of advertising is in its approach – positioning does not strive to create new concepts and introduce new information, but it rather addresses the resources that are already available and attempts to transform them. Positioning this does not relate to the products directly but primarily uses the elements which serve as the main product-indicating signs applied to increase brand awareness in the minds of potential consumers: name, price, packaging, design, etc. These elements help marketing practitioners to let customers know about the benefits of a product, and, therefore, they may be regarded as the main subjects of manipulation in positioning strategy. Ries and Trout also emphasize that the success of positioning largely depends on the extent of its marketing focus. It means that when a product’s positioning is oriented to a specialized niche, greater opportunities for excellent performance at this niche occur. Critical Analysis Ries and Trout claim that the main idea which laid the foundation of positioning is the selection and filtering of information. In the increasingly growing flow of information which people face through multiple communication media (the Internet, television, newspapers, magazines, etc.), they tend to pay attention only to the things which they consider worthy. Therefore, to increase product awareness, it is important to put it in a high-value category that would be of significant interest to a particular group of the population. It is possible to say that such an approach based on the consideration of psychological aspects of information consumption may become very effective in case a marketing practitioner can adequately identify the interests, values, and preferences of the targeted customer group. To create the appropriate qualitative product values, the organization should be sensitive towards the changes in the cultural environment within the market and consider even the smallest shifts in customer preferences, tendencies, and competitors’ product representations. Ries and Trout state that the consideration of competitors’ presence in the market provides a ground for the development of advertising campaigns, the clarification of product position, and the establishment of the product value in the consumers’ minds. In case an organization acts as if its competitors do not exist, the chance for the failure of a promotion strategy drastically increases. Thus, the positioning of new brands by a selective comparison to the existing products may help to create a competitive advantage and ensure the new brand’s sustainable
Purpose, goals, and objectives of the course The overarching purpose of the proposed intervention is to resolve the problem of misinterpretation and impaired evaluation of instructional coaches’ performance, roles, and assigned duties by the shareholders of K-12 educational institutions. The issue is pressing not least because the opinions of the shareholders (i.e., district administrators, school leaders, and classroom teachers) demonstrate significant variance. The goal of the proposed intervention, therefore, is to educate the shareholders on the identified issue and change their perception of the roles and duties of instructional coaches. To reach this goal, a training program must be created. On the design and implementation stages, this program should meet the following process-oriented and methodological objectives:  1. Identify the diversity of opinions and coaches’ performance perception on the shareholders’ part;  2. Facilitate maximum involvement and interest in the subject via:      1. Active utilization of technology, visual, and other supplementary learning materials;      2. Encouraging open discussion and brainstorming the ideas with subsequent selection of the most significant points;  3. Track and monitor whether and how the learners generate opinions that differ from their initial ones;  4. Be compliant with the assessed needs of the shareholders and meet the specific requirements for:      1. reaching a unified result in a group where opinions and dispositions diversify;      2. flexibility necessary to involve shareholders of diverse occupations and activity timetables;      3. instant feedback receipt for subsequent evaluation and analysis;  5. Provide a comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework for educating the shareholders;  6. Be well-developed and efficacy-tested. Learning activities Upon the needs assessment based on Kemp’s instructional design model, participatory learning can be deemed the most effective learning option (Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2012; Kulich, 2014). The proposed
Introduction The food and beverage industry is a critical part of the economics of some countries that show the importance and significance of following the trends of this field. Nevertheless, besides economic benefits, there is the cultural meaning of this industry. Undoubtedly, the beverage is an integral part of this industry with the multi-dimensional and multi-goal structure (Singer, 2018). Currently, it witnessed rapid growth due to an increase in population, improvement of manufacturing methods, and cold chain facilities. Globally, trends have a feature for constant changing that is critical for food and drink companies and manufacturing units. Changing the customer preferences is one of the reasons in advance of the food and beverage industry. The Significance of the Color Nowadays, beverages and catering establishments started to use color as a tool for social impact. Such a situation occurred because the influence of such social media as Instagram increased and today we live in such a visual culture. Color can be trivial and meaningful, but the most important is to catch the attention of the customer (Everitt, 2017). That is why color is power for manipulation of society in order to reach the aims. Specific shades of beverages are not so important, and the most essential is that color is an easy way to satisfy the demands of consumers desires, and in time it will become even more critical for success. Waste Issue The beverage industry has been trying in recent years to be increasingly environmentally responsible. Usually, there is a due to growing public pressure towards reducing waste (Everitt, 2017). It is unlikely that today another market power, apart from waste, can significantly change what we consume and how people drink it. Increasingly, such problems as plastic in the ocean and a possible shortage of food are raised, so the pressure from consumers will continuously grow (Everitt, 2017). The search for new solutions is a critical issue for the beverage industry. Composition If the previously high protein content in food was characteristic only of a segment such as sports and fitness food, in recent years, the demand for protein-enriched products leads to their appearance in plenty of sectors of the food market. Such a situation happened due to the growing popularity of fitness and the perception of protein foods as healthier and more useful (Singer, 2018). The most active development in recent years is the production of food that does not contain gluten, as well as products with a low content of salt and sugar. Nowadays, vegetables are beginning to be used in those segments of the market where vegetables were previously not used, or their share was minimal. Conclusion In conclusion, undoubtedly, the world trend was affected by plenty of factors in the restaurant industry. In particular, bartenders began to pay great attention to hospitality, and there was a trend of work on preforms and premixes, which significantly optimized the work of the bar and accelerated the preparation of cocktails, leaving more time for communication with