ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is very important for any company with an intention of developing a new product to ensure that all competing goals are well balanced. New product development should follow a systematic process and organizations should therefore be able to adapt to new opportunities for sustainable development. The process of developing a new product should be thoroughly followed within the frameworks of new innovation. As much as an organization may be interested in short-run profits, it is very essential not to lose sight on the long-term goals (Annacchino, 2003). The new-product planning process is divided into seven fundamental stages that are interdependent. The decisions made at each stage affect the ultimate outcome of the process. The first stage of a product development process is the idea generation stage where new ideas regarding new products are generated by the research and development department. Market and consumer trends are analyzed at this stage together with the available opportunities and threats. Ethnographic development methods and competitor analysis are very important in generating ideas about new products. Opportunity analysis should be thoroughly done in order for the organization to come up with concrete facts to be used the screening phase. Brainstorming can lead to excellent ideas about new product lines and features. The possible threats and opportunities presented by the new ideas should be used to decide whether the idea should proceed to the screening stage or not (Annacchino, 2003). The second stage in a new-product development plan is idea screening. The main objective of this stage is to ensure that an organization’s resources are only committed to sensible ideas and concepts. In product screening, various issues such consumer benefits, market trends, profitability and the current competitive pressures are considered before any new idea is approved. The company should also have the capacity to produce the new product or else the whole process remains to be a dream (Annacchino, 2003). The company should have the required technologies and manpower to produce the new product for the idea to sound practical. After idea screening, the next stage is concept development and testing. During this stage, all the intellectual property issues are explored and the target market identified. Product feature
Through the work of Waillet & Roskam (2012), it was noted that social categorization can be interpreted as a manifestation of the human drive to “belong” in that humans have a tendency to seek for social interactions and be part of a group which results in creation of group specific labeling and identification. Catrina (2012) explains that this in turn manifests itself in a form of “ humanocentric speciesim” wherein groups tend to define individuals that are outside their selected cadre of group and whose definingning characteristics is “ the others ” (Catrina, 2012). This creates what is presently known as racism and racial prejudice wherein people tend to view people of other cultures or races as inferior to their own based on the different group practices utilized by other groups which are therefore “inferior” (Catrina, 2012). As such, it can be stated that such practices do have an impact on the manner in which people construct their views on the way in which the world should operate, as well as how they view other people. The racism present in the U.S. during early to mid 1900s, as well as the treatment of homosexuals can be considered as evidence to how social categorization impacts the manner in which individuals are viewed. However, it should be noted that social cues can be misinterpreted resulting in a case of erroneous self-categorization. Instances of this happening can be seen in the case of minority populations within the U.S. wherein young men of African American, Mexican or Latin American descent are often connected to acts of violence, crime and other similar criminal activities. The pervasiveness of such a social view has reached a point that minority populations are immediately connected to criminal activity. Though a person’s race and skin co
Introduction Optical storage is a type of tertiary storage, which comes after a computer’s RAM and Hard Disk. CDs and DVDs are two types of Optical storage, which are low cost, removable, optical storage media. Hard disks are fixed storage within the computer. This is the usual concept whereas there are people who use optical storage similar to hard disks by fixing them inside the computer and thereby making them secondary memory. Optical storage is different from magnetic storage like magnetic tapes, hard disks and floppy disks, and flash memory that makes use of electrical charges. Optical storage media come in various forms depending upon the material, storage size and technology however it is much cheaper than other storage devices. Though hard disk can store large amount of data, it is not considered conveniently movable due to its size and since it is wired to components inside the computer. Optical media is very convenient and has higher recording compactness than other storage media yet they cannot replace a hard disk due to capacity constraint. CDs, DVDs, Laserdiscs, HD-DVDs, Blu-Ray discs etc are some of the popular existing and upcoming optical storage media. According to their usability / reusability the currently used optical media can be categorized as – DVD-ROM, DVD-Video, CD-ROM and CD which are read only (ROM means Read Only Memory); the write-once DVD-R and CD-R (R means Recordable), which use Write Once Read Many (WORM) technology; and DVD-RAM (RAM means Random Access Memory), CD-RW and DVD-RW which are re-writable(RW means Rewritable). CDs are the most widely used optical storage media. A laser ray touching the surface of the CD accesses the data in it. Phase-change disk, which is a sub-type of optical disks, uses a substance that can solidify into either a crystal or some formless shape. Rewritable media such as DVD-RWs and CD-RWs are usually made of Phase-change disks. Magneto-optic disks are composed of magnetic recordable substance but utilize optical technology like laser to write the data (Optical Storage: The Basics). Optoelectronics All machines and tools dependent on light come under Optoelectronics. Thus optical storage devices and fiber optics are covered under Optoelectronics (What is optoelectronics). Technically Optoelectronics is the blend of microelectronics and photonics. When they combine, they have the power to create, transfer and control data at exceptional rates. Optoelectronics has become a vital part of Information Technology, Communication and Entertainment businesses. Optical fibre is becoming more popular due to its low cost, weight, data loss and scattering and with the invent of optical fiber amplifier, it is being widely used in local networks and as compressed packaging substitute for electronic equipments. Optoelectronics packaging characterize a key-enabling technology fo
Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) describes the strategies companies use to ensure their operations are eco-friendly, adhere to ethical principles, and beneficial to the society. It is argued that CSR is a company’s contribution to the growth of the society. The critical areas that CSR managers focus on include the conservation of the environment, the development of the local community, and the general welfare of their employees. Role of CSR in society When a mega-store builds a branch in a residential area, it enhances the lives of the surrounding community. The proximity of the large store makes life convenient and reduces other costs such as fuel and time spent traveling to other destinations. However, the establishment of this venture will have an adverse impact on the small-scale businesses. Additionally, if the proposed store is established on virgin land, it significantly affects the physical environment. The establishment, sustenance, and expansion of a corporation have considerable impacts on the environment and the surrounding community. This has forced companies to engage in non-profit ventures and socially responsible initiatives. Through these programs, the corporate entities are able to channel a section of their profits back to local societies for various reasons. They include enhancing the living standards of their customers, improving the economy of the local community, and mitigating the impact of their operations on the environment. These strategies ensure that their businesses are sustainable. Corporate entities mitigate the negative impacts resulting from industrialization. This is associated with the creation of awareness about the ethical principles in business operations. For example, automobiles discharging high emissions are taxed at higher rates compared to vehicles with low emissions. This enables the owners of low emitting vehicles to invest in productive community projects. Creation of close public and customer relationships is another strategy through which the society benefits from CSR. This initiative allows firms to be perceived as members of the social system, and not as a source of employment and commodities. This enhances the peaceful co-existence and harmony between corporate entities and the society. This is an essential social asset in the development of communities. Other initiatives include helping talented and intelligent students to pursue their education through the provision of scholarships and employment after completion of studies. Corporate entities also use CSR to disseminate technology to the local community. Some corporations have used this platform to drive conservation efforts by mitigating the impact of their environmental footprints. Examples of such initiatives are the campaigns against global warming and the management of carbon emissions. The X
Introduction Marketing has always been affected by the changing technology. Due to the rapid nature of change in the digital age, marketers are always tasked with ensuring that they tap into the events that affect their target audience. This is one of the reasons why many brands used the #BlackLivesMatter social and digital campaign to get ahead within their spaces. It is prudent to note that just because marketers used the campaign to gain new clients, does not mean that they did not care about the issue of racial injustice. This essay looks into how the #BlackLivesMatter campaign affected brand marketing in America. What is #BlackLivesMatter The term “Black Lives Matter” digitally referred to as #BlackLivesMatter refers to a social and political movement that started in 2013. The movement aims at creating awareness and protesting against police brutality against the African American community (Hillstrom, 2018). The movement received global support both physically and digitally. There are numerous celebrities, governments and citizens that protested digitally the same. It is critical to note that whereas the movement began in 2013, it was appreciated globally in 2020 (Thomas, et al ., 2020). Interestingly, the movement is considered one of the largest in the history of the US and this is partly due to the digital reach that it had. Critically, there are numerous activities that were done in relation to the Black Lives Matter movement. For example, sportsmen in England take a knee before their games in honor of the movement. In this part of the world, the movement rebranded to “no room for racism”, which is in line with the racial injustices colored people face in England. It is also important to note that there were several criticisms against the movement. Moorman (2020) notes that a significant percentage of the Caucasian population felt that it was wrong to state that “black lives matter” when in fact, “all lives matter”. This premise led to a widespread debate that enhanced a different social and digital movement “cancel culture”. The impact and reach of the movement also drew in different local and global brands that also made a stand on the same. Critically, several companies used the movement to enhance their digital marketing and branding. Interesting, companies that tried to avoid the discussion on the same were “canceled” by a significant number of the American population. Brand Activism During Black Lives Matter It is arguable that the Black Lives Matter movement created several debates due to the fact that it means different things to individual people and even communities. It can be argued that the movement had several voices contributing to it as opposed to one voice, which is the norm for a majority of social and digital activism activities (Acar and Ulu˘g, 2016). One of the key lessons that were learned during the peak of the movement is the importance of diffusing the power of activism for a wider reach. This approach was in fact, adopted by several companies as part of their brand activism. As stat
Practicum Project Goal The focal goal of the project is to undertake at least research in the hospice or a rehabilitation center. This will go along with improving the management of stroke cases, as well as diminishing the episodes of Nosocomial illnesses. Project Idea 1: Granting the Foundation for Novel Models in Stroke Therapy The project deals with stroke patients getting therapy services. There is a need to provide original concepts for stroke patients since the current endeavors do not grant conclusive services. The project, therefore, pinpoints devising neurophysiologic novel treatment stratagems to advance recuperation of functions in cases. Stroke incapacitates some brain sections. Several body organs may fail to function normally, especially when they receive stimulus from the damaged regions. Immediate treatment may reverse the situation, but a prolonged condition may result in serious health effects, thus demanding rehabilitation. The project uses an amalgamation of approaches to bring back system functions. There is a Transcranial Magnetic spur that adjusts cortical excitability. This normally augments pharmacological stimulation coupled with electrophysiological maneuvers. Modulating cortical functionality using neuron-pharmacological regimens normally mobilizes the cortex, thus leading to increased intervention effects. Another approach in this project is the employment of a movement analyzer. The system normally measures sensors, which incarcerates the 3-D situations of the ultrasonic part to be examined with elevated spatial resolution. The project also entails the use of neuro-pharmacology. The drugs like reboxetine, fluoxetine, and levodopa adjust the motor routine (MPI, 2011). The project targeting stroke rehabilitation revolves around how the patients can improve movement, talking, and individual care. The provision of the basics of original concepts in stroke rehabilitation is crucial in ensuring that the patients get to do what they had been doing before the stroke complications. The main goal is thus to bring back normal functionality faster. It also aims at diminishing the cost of hospitalization since the patients convalesce sooner. Project Idea 2: Management of Nosocomial Infections in the Hospital Among Nurses Nosocomial illnesses normally originate from the hospital scenery. These infections cause several deaths to the nurses and other people in the hospital surrounding. Such infections normally occur due to elevated pervasiveness of pathogens and compromised hosts, as well as effective transmission mechanisms from the sick. Nosocomial is a critical area that the project would aid in discovering the minor details behind. Nurses stand a higher chance of contracting these infections, as do other medics. Some of the known pathogens notorious for causing infections to encompass Enterococcus spp , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and others (Irwin & Rippe, 2008). During the practicum, the student will assemb
Introduction The function of high bay lighting is to light surface which are more than 15 feet away. Some common kinds of high bay applications can be seen in gymnasiums, warehouses and factories etc. All lamps which are used in applications are consists of mercury (High-Bay Lighting: Opportunities for Mercury Reduction and Energy Efficiency, 2003, p 1, para 1). In recent times, both high intensity fluorescent technologies (HIF) and HID have gained popularity but the performance of HIF technology is understood better in many applications that is which has given HIF opportunity to gain market share. The improved technology of fluorescent lamps and the invention of new HIF fixtures have composed the most cost effective choice as fluorescent lighting for indoor areas like warehouses, big retail stores, factories and athletic facilities (Lighting: HID Versus Fluorescent for High-Bay Lighting, 2007, p 1 para 1). History of fluorescent lighting Generally people associate lighting and lamps with incandescent light bulb which was invented by Thomas Alwa Edison and some other inventors. These kinds of bulbs perform on the basis of electricity and filament. When these bulbs are heated by electricity, the filament gets high temperature so it glows and gives light. Fluorescent bulbs like arc and vapor perform differently. The light does not come due to heat; it is produced through the chemical reactions, which happen when the application of electricity is on different gases encircled in a glass void compartment (The History of Fluorescent Lights, 2009, para 1). In 1857 Alaxandre E. Becquerel discovered the fact of fluorescence and phosphorescence. He imagined the creation of fluorescent tubes as same as they are made presently. He did some experiments on coating electric discharge tubes, which were combined with luminescent materials. This was the procedure which further expanded in fluorescent lamps (The History of Fluorescent Lights, 2009, para 2). In 1901Peter Cooper Hewitt got exclusive rights on the first mercury vapor lamp (The History of Fluorescent Lights, 2009 para 3). His low pressure mercury arc lamps became the very first of its kind for today’s modern fluorescent type. Edmund Germer discovered a high pressure vapor lamp which helped in producing economical light with less heat. In 1927 he copyrighted an experimental fluorescent lamp. Some historians give Edmund Germer the credit of inventing the first true fluorescent lamp (The History of Fluorescent Lights, 2009, para 7). T5
Introduction In the discussion of how the unconscious mind influences personality, one cannot negate the role of psychoanalysis. According to Kihlstrom, Beer, and Klein, psychoanalysis refers to the “aspects of Freud’s work and research, including Freudian therapy and the research methodology that he used to develop his theories” (2002, p.68). In the formulation of the personality of theory, Freud largely depended on case studies conducted on his patients together with direct observations of the behavior of the patients. According to Freud, the human mind is organized into two chief parts: the conscious and unconscious mind. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the role of the unconscious in personality theories using two perspectives of the course. These perspectives are psychoanalytic and social cognitive approaches to the construction of personality. Before this section, an effort is made to discuss the conscious and unconscious minds in terms of how they help to construct the personality of people. Functioning of Conscious and Unconscious Mind Conscious Mind The conscious mind carries the information that people can comprehend. People can freely and precisely talk about these aspects of their mental processes in a robust and rational way. Part of the conscious mind involves human memory. However, as Matt (2011) notes, not all information that is held in the conscious memory forms part of people’s consciousness although the information is retrievable easily so that it can be introduced into their awareness (p.81). From Freud’s theory of personality, this reminiscence is referred to as the normal recall, or simply the preconscious recollection. Freud used the analogy of submerged ice to describe how the human mind is divided. According to him, the conscious mind constitutes the smallest portion of an individual’s mind. Freud argued that most of the memories and feelings that help to construct the personality of an individual are hidden from the conscious mind (Matt, 2011). Hence, the many feelings and memories that are displayed in the personality of an individual constitute the province of “the unconscious mind, which he divided into superego, ego, and id” (Matt, 2011, p. 81). Unconscious Mind The unconscious mind is the second part of the human mind from the perspective of the Freud’s theory of personality. It acts as the principle storage for all thoughts, memories, and feelings together
Introduction Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) belongs to the broad category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that affects the communication and socialization skills of a person (“What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?”). Its treatment presupposes education, behavior modification, and improvement of social skills to ensure that a person will not become isolated. Under these conditions, the creation of the appropriate setting is crucial for this type of patients. The proposed paper is devoted to the investigation of the correlation between environment/home life and behaviors of patients with Asperger’s Syndrome. Body of the Paper Background Today, the problem of AS remains topical because of the high prevalence of the disease. In accordance with CDC’s data, about 1 in 68 children is diagnosed with ASD, which might also include various forms of AS (Data & Statistics on Autism Spectrum Disorder”). Need for the Study The need for the study is justified by the fact that the treatment of AS presupposes combined interventions and is characterized by the increased sophistication. Moreover, the environment plays one of the significant roles in socializing children with this disease (“Autism”). For this reason, there is a need for the study that would determine the effect of this factor on positive outcomes. Review of Literature Theoretical background for the project will be formed by reviewing relevant literature devoted to ASD and AS. Academic journals and other scholarly sources will be analyzed to form the basis for the investigation and outline the importance of the environment of patients with the syndrome. Theoretical Perspective The study will rest on the idea that the creation of the appropriate environment is vital for patients with AS because it can contribute to the reduction in the level of stress and development of social skills essential for the cooperation with other representatives of the society (Krieger et al. e0202071). Methodology The mixed approach will be utilized in the project. Qualitative methods are expected to form the background by reviewing literature and analyzing existing information about AS. At the same time, the quantitative approach will be employed to compare data of patients with AS who live in various environments to conclude about its impact on behavior. Source of Data There are two major data sources. The first one is the existing scientific literature devoted to the problem, such as academic articles and scholarly books. The second one will include personal data of patients collected via surveys and interviews with them, their parents, or caregivers to create a complete image of the issue. Nature of Data Due to the employment of the approach mentioned above, both primary and secondary data will be collected. It means that the theoretical knowledge from credible sources will be combined with relevant and topical information provided by clients. Demographics At the moment,