ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Massachusetts is a prosperous state in the United States of America, with well-developed economic and social infrastructures. Nowadays, it is regarded as a center of science and innovation and attracts attention to its suburbs with its historical sites (Massachusetts Office for Travel & Tourism 1). At the same time, this area has a clear place in history, as a majority of the important events in the Revolutionary War, including the Boston Tea Party, occurred here (Volo 2). It could be said that the cities and towns in the state of Massachusetts were the primary historical actors in the establishment of the United States as a country, as well as the cultivators of democratic principles in the society (Volo 31). A combination of innovative development and historical background makes Massachusetts one of the most interesting states for analysis. As for the tourism industry, Massachusetts received $708.6 million in returns from this sector, and tourism was one of the most important sources of revenue for the state (Massachusetts Office for Travel & Tourism 4). The current popularity of tourism in Massachusetts was laid down in the past, as the first tourist routes encouraged discovering the western part of the country while following a well-defined path through “New York up to Saratoga, out to Niagara, and back via Quebec to Burlington, Vermont, and through Western Massachusetts to Boston” (Gassan 157). This route of travel covered the most historical and beautiful places and focused on the financial centers and prosperity of the region at the same time. Based on the factors provided above, the rationale for the selection of this sector for research is apparent, since the background analysis connects the historical significance of Massachusetts to the development of the overall tourism industry
Abstract This study aimed to examine students’ attitudes towards online shopping. The researcher strived to answer three key questions, which sought to find out students’ attitudes towards online shopping, the nationality of students who make the largest number of online purchases, and the barriers that prevent international students from embracing traditional and online shopping methods. The researcher conducted the study at Liverpool International College (LIC) and the evidence showed that most students held a neutral view regarding online shopping. Comparatively, Chinese students emerged as being the most active users of online shopping platforms, while the time-consuming nature of traditional shopping and the extra costs associated with online shopping emerged as impediments to the growth of both commercial platforms. Introduction The growth of the internet has led to an increase in the number of young people who choose to buy goods online. According to Statista (2019), about 1.8 billion people buy goods virtually. The same statistics mirror the revenue generated from online shopping because different countries have recorded increased revenues from online purchases. For example, in the United States (US), online shopping generates about $2.8 trillion for local businesses, while projections show that this number could double to about $4.8 trillion in the year 2021 (Statista 2019). Comparatively, the United Kingdom (UK) is home to the third-largest online market globally because it generates about £533 billion in revenue (Statista 2018). Statistics also show that about 87% of the UK population has bought an item online in the last year (Kitonyi 2017). In Europe, Norway is the only country that surpasses the UK in terms of online vibrancy of virtual sales (Kitonyi 2017). Globally, the US and China ar
Introduction Jarvis Christian College was founded in 1912 as an institution for higher education for the colored and it was affiliated to Disciples of Christ Church. Since its foundation, this institution has been known for its excellence in sports. The institution is known to promote talent among its student population in various fields. As such, it has gained popularity among college students who feel that they have a talent in a given area of sports. The sports complex that is currently in use is incapable of meeting the varying sporting needs of students at this college. In the past, volleyball, basketball, netball, and bowling were the popular sports given emphasis at this college. However, other sports such as cricket, tennis, gymnastics, swimming, badminton, and squash are also growing in popularity. The management of this institution, known for its love for sports, has the responsibility of ensuring that its sports complex is capable of supporting various sports for the benefit of students of this college. The campus sits on a 1,000 acres piece of land that is expected to offer the needed space for administration, boarding, classes, recreational, and sporting facilities. There is need to utilize the land very appropriately to ensure that adequate space is created for all the needed facilities. That is why in this proposed sports complex, courts and fields for various sports will be integrated as shown in the figure below. Within such a relatively small compound, there will be a basketball/netball court, tennis/volleyball court, swimming pool, cricket pitch, bocce/ten-pin bowling, badminton/squash court, gymnastics floor (taekwondo/judo, boxing, and karate), and a space for snooker, and table tennis. Below is the aerial view of where the complex should be built. Figure 1: Aerial view of the area where the complex should be built Scope of the project This project seeks to create a complex where all forms of sports currently popular in the United States can be played within a limited compound. The scope of the project is to offer a plan to the management of a possible creation of a new sports complex. It is the mandate of the school to determine whether or not the plan should be i
Violence is a problem which concerns people’s amorality and criminal actions. Society is not protected from it totally following the proverb “every bean has its black”. However, in the United States cases of violence done to adolescent category of the society aging fewer than 18 is one of the most burning issues in present times. The statistics terrifies a single observer with the total number of cases of violent attitude within youth in the US. In accordance with the Journal of Social Work Education: “… youths 18 and under represent 26 percent of the U.S. population, but account for approximately 50 percent of the witnesses and victims of violent acts.” (JSWE, 2007) Many social figures and policemen blend such statistics to the content of American society full of multinationals. Such coloring tends to behave several prejudices as for the attitude of one racial group towards another. In return this leads to formation of gangs varying in number of representatives. In fact, the harmful effect of violence reflects on the surviving ability of the society. “Violence is among the leading causes of death for people aged 15-44 years worldwide, accounting for 14% of deaths among males and 7% of deaths among females.” (World Health Organization, p. 2009) Furthermore, the violence has its biological and physiological roots inside peoples’ minds: “…a human psychic imbalance (which includes violence and criminality) stem from an acute frustration of pleasure drives, initiated by a pleasure-fearing social system.” (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, p. 4). Another source shows that the cases of violence among youth fall into three categories of their implementation: “child maltreatment, community violence, and interparental violence.” (Annual Review of Psychology, 2000). Thus, children are not protected from each of offences lying in wait for them every now and then. The situation is more emphasized when listening to news. This can be made out adhering to one of the biologically grounded theory on facts of domestic violence, which states that both genders can violate and be violated, but men due to the higher level of testosterone are designated as those who make far more violent actions than women (Buzawa, p. 39). Such a harmful effect of this very horme is similar to appearance of rage and hatred within men. For the US it is not surprising when a pupil takes a gun and begins shooting his peers. Of course it is because of the fact that America is the most armed country in the world. Still should not we stand for weapon’s reduction in every family and other communities on a voluntary basis supported by the governmental guidelines? Or are we to work out some effective st
Introduction Taking a deep look into the field of engineering, new techniques, technologies, and regulations have progressed the profession of engineering. However, upon the introduction of these technologies, little information accompanies the products released and due to the limited knowledge, it becomes difficult for people to understand the importance of a certain product in the market. Therefore, it is important to elaborate on the uniqueness of new materials or products to enable clients or the public to understand its meaningfulness, which helps the product to gain market demand. This essay seeks to identify the significance of certain innovations by exploring the article, “Secret in the Shell.” Aim of the article The article, “Secret in the Shell”, explores innovations involved in developing composite materials. It demonstrates the imperativeness of simple shells obtained from sea creatures like turtles, snails, bivalves, queen conch, and others sea shelled-creatures. It describes how engineers can integrate these shells into meaningful items including constructing material or body shields by using the calcium, protein, and carbonate minerals contained in these shells (Ballarini and Heuer 2). Composite materials including ceramic composites, polymers, and unique bricks are developed from the shells. The article emphasizes the queen conch, a large marine gastropod mollusk. These sea creatures, especially the queen conch, possess a shell renowned for its strength and rigidity, which can prove significant in inventing materials from it. Simply, the article describes the biological nature of these creatures in relation to the developing approaches in healing cracks in building materials. Selected composite material In the process of analyzing the article, all-composite materials are equally important and their uniqueness is enthusing. However, most of them are composite materials developed from animals. Civil engineering is an important field and environmental conservations are key issues. In this sense, acquiring protein, calcium and carbonate from shells to compose bricks or ceramics is quite expensive and most components come from living creatures, which have to die for the extraction of the composite. Therefore, in terms of comparing the composite materials, mud bricks composed of mud and straw are simpler to compound. Ballarini and Heuer note, “Composites achieve superior performance by combining materials that have complementary properties, such as mud and straw” (1). In fact, the two composite materials are easy to obtain and in plenty compared to others with no need of terminating life to acquire combining materials. Interesting information in t
Importance of E-Commerce Current customer trends and shopping patterns indicate that e-commerce is quickly becoming the primary marketplace for the exchange of goods. A range of benefits has been found to be associated with implementing e-commerce. There are typically lower costs associated since e-commerce requires less physical resources. Online pages, available products, and marketing campaigns can be implemented in a considerably shorter amount of time. The company can quickly adapt to varying economic demands and customer needs. Furthermore, e-commerce provides an additional bonus of collecting data, giving the company statistics and analyzed trends to improve business strategy (“E-Commerce: Advantages and Disadvantages”). Access to technology and factors which allow customers to have a large array of options from the comfort of their home have led to the formation of an extremely profitable e-commerce market. It provides people with the most critical advantages in business, from a consumer and producer perspective alike, time and information. The convenience of online shopping saves a significant amount of time over physical presence. Meanwhile, the open availability of information gives customers an ability to compare and evaluate products based on preferences (“Top 5 Advantages of E-Commerce to Consumers”). By avoiding the e-commerce market, a company risks increased operational costs and lost sales. As most retailers switch to online marketplaces, physical shops are beginning to become unprofitable and lack a competitive advantage. Meanwhile, since a majority of people have a significant online presence, the company risks losing customers who may choose to shop at a competitor’s website due to convenience. Overall, an online presence of a company generates exposure, attracts new customers, and drives sales. The risks of not entering the e-commerce sphere have significantly larger consequences than doing so. Implementation of e-commerce can drastically alter the financial projections of a company. It provides critical data which impact decision-making and budget evaluation. This includes profitability, revenue, and cash flow based on purchase orders and website traffic statistics. Financial forecasts can be validly predicted based on the analytical period-to-period basis which provides a comprehensive assessment of the realities of the market. This use of big data has been critical to improving predictive analysis which can present risk modeling or optimize supply chain networks amongst a variety of other functions (“Big Data Use Cases That 2016 Will Bring”). An e-commerce strategy is going to generate costs for the company at first, as resources will require financial investment and budget redistribution. However, it is likely that the expenses will be recouped in a short period of time as higher revenue targets are met. Strategy Communication Strategy Any transition for the company creates plenty of uncertainty for its leaders, employees, and stakeholders. At the same time, it is a period when an open mind and a strong work ethic are required from everyone involved. Therefore, it is important to communicate the nece
Introduction Undoubtedly, the awe-inspiring philosophies of Plato and Aristotle form the foundation of the contemporary philosophies. In most cases, their philosophies laid more emphasis in modern science, epistemology and metaphysics. However, after their death, the emerging philosophers such as Sextus Empiricus, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius developed new philosophies on the issue that had troubled ancient Greeks the most-ethics. The ancient Greeks wanted to discover what it takes to be virtuous, what one has to do in order to be full of character and nobility, and what it takes to live the good life. Consequently, among the philosophies that emerged include stoicism and skepticism. The paper will compare these schools of two schools of thought with an aim of establishing their differences. Stoicism According to Epictetus, stoicism is a school of thought that explains how free a person is when educated. The person behind the development of this school of thought is Zeno of Citium. In those days, cynics dominated many schools in Greece and students had to learn its precepts along with other philosophies. However, Zeno became predisposed by the Socrates and adopted the philosophies of the Socrates. Among the many aspects of Socrates and hence stoicism was to be virtuous, and most importantly, surrendering to the will of God. In fact, the ancient Greeks believed in one God and Zeno failed to differentiate between God and nature. To him, the two resembled and were one. In fact, this philosophy goes further to state that human beings can only acquire happiness by either observing the cogent law of humanity or by living according to nature. Stoicism values apatheia, that is, the dearth of passion as it is the one that makes human beings virtuous. Marcus Aurelius in his book, Meditations, tells that uncontrolled passion sires a hysterical emotion or physical longing, which is dangerous to human beings. Thus, by doing away with this attitude, human beings develop wisdom and ability paramount to their daily practices. Thus, whenever people control their inner self, they can master their lives without being slaves to the emotions of other people. In this way, the external circumstances influence personal unresponsiveness (Boeree 1). Additionally, in Stoicism, the basic fundamental belief is that everybody is equal and that the state is universal where all men are brothers. This aspect or principle of stoicism calls for duty to others. Nevertheless, this is not possible minus substantive amount of empathy, impartiality forbearance and active help. In stoicism, human beings are intrinsic social creatures who exhibit ethics at all times, which is natural in reason itself. Clearly, stoicism illustrates that human beings can revolutionize their attitudes and behavior in order to be virtuous. Skepticism Skepticism, the s
Terrorism is a set of violent acts of assassination, hostage-taking, which are committed by a political or criminal organization in order to influence the leaders of their own or a foreign country. Another definition means that terrorism as one of the options for tactics of political struggle associated with the use of ideologically motivated violence. In order to prevent a major terrorist attack at Staples Center Sports Arena that is planned in three stages, it is important to conduct a thorough analysis. The attack is planned in September, and the initial phase will involve three to five suicide bombers, which will be followed by one or two large vehicle bombs (LVB) in parking areas. The final stage will take place in the lobby of the nearest emergency hospital, where a series of bombs will be detonated. The fight against terrorism is the activity of authorized federal executive bodies, carried out using intelligence, counterintelligence, operational investigative, investigative, military, and special measures aimed at solving various problems. The latter includes the identification, prevention and suppression of terrorist activities, and the disclosure and investigation of crimes of a terrorist nature. The organization of the fight against terrorism requires a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the sources and subjects of terrorist activity, a clear definition of the functions and areas of responsibility of each item of the struggle, timely determination of priorities in solving the tasks. This process also involves improving the organization of the construction and interaction of operational, military, and investigative units (Coaffee, 2016). All activities are based on the implementation of the staff principle of organizing the management of counter-terrorism operations and providing resources, including modern hardware and software systems. The initial step of the emergency plan will include the correct placement of visitor and LVB screening checkpoints. Visitor screening devices will be placed at every open entrance points, whereas unnecessary ones will be deliberately closed. It is stated that mandatory evacuation distance for a suicide bomber is 110ft, which means that people awaiting the screening must be put in line (“Bomb threat stand-off card,” n
Theodore Roosevelt during his tenure as the president of the United States promulgated reforms which were termed “Progressive Policies”. The major issues of concern that were addressed in these policies are political and social matters which undermined the development of business and transport sectors in the nation (Kathleen 371). Strategically, the reforms implemented the use of social science, technology, and engineering to enhance modernization, industrial revolution and promotion of human rights through the constitution in the United States. Moreover, progressive policies sought to remedy the problems linked to the embezzlement of public finances through corruption and inefficient flow resources (Kathleen 371). This paper, therefore, seeks to unveil the progressive policies which were championed by Theodore Roosevelt immediately after his presidential term. Discussed in detail are the cause of action that he took, the type of coalitions he formed, where his actions led and how the 1912 election centralized progressive policies in the national debate. Pure democracy was one of the policies advocated for by Theodore Roosevelt immediately after his term of presidency. During his reign in the United States, Roosevelt established a sense of democracy by expanding the executive branch of the government, to ensure that peoples’ voices are accurately represented by the elected individuals in both the state and the federal governments (Kathleen 374). By centralizing power in the federal government, he diminished the chances of misrepresentation by municipal governments and ensured close monitory of the United States affairs to the fulfillment of the will of the people. After his term, President Wilson took over and through him, progressivism was kept alive in the United States by expanding executive arms of the government and freedom of expression being granted to the citizens. People were granted the power to exercise their democratic rights by ejecting poor leaders from the government and amending the constitution through a referendum. The government also took the responsibility of monitoring business operations within the country to aid transparency in all operations including transport means. Eventually, the Federal Trade Commission was created in 1915 which ensured pure democracy needed in government businesses (Kathleen 375). Moreover, the Federal Reserve Act was promulgated, leading to the full influen