ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Presently, millions of Muslims around the world are experiencing global changes. The size of the group labeled as the Futurists, which consists of young, innovative, and open to changes people, has already significantly exceeded the number of Traditionalists, older Muslims strongly dependent on their communities and faith. The Futurists want to change the world, particularly managing and leadership practices, with the help of the Islamic perspective. I largely agree with many concepts of the Futurists and believe that their ideas can be used to attain better management practices in every organization and sphere of business since they promote the characteristics, which both Muslims and non-Muslims employees and consumers are searching for in every organization. First of all, the Islamic perceptive in leadership and management has nothing to do with religion. If an organization decides to apply Islamic principles, its employees will not have to change the way they dress, wear religious symbols, and so on. That is the biggest misunderstanding between Muslims and non-Muslims. Values the Futurists promote are much more universal than Islamic. For example, the Futurists want honesty, fairness, transparency, loyalty, tolerance, respect, etc. Even if an individual is not Muslim, he or she probably wants the same things. In the article I have read, I see two most important changes that firms should implement to improve their management practices and, consequently, the revenue, reputation, and all of those things that organizations strive to strengthen and enhance. The first one is transparency. With a great number of nepotistic and corrupt systems that exist nowadays, this change is essential. Corruption lies at the very core of an organization and affects all its policies and actions. By making the decision-making process transparent and evident, we can avoid corruption, which will not only have its positive impact on the budget and efficiency of an organization but also will inevitably enhance its reputation and increase the public’s trust. The second thing that I like about Islamic perceptive is its focus on people. People should be treated equally, with tolerance and respect, regardless of whether it comes to employees or customers. Employees should be provided wit
Introduction Can you imagine our life without television? Modern technologies allow people’s watching programs and shows with the help of a lot of devices, and it is rather difficult to imagine the day without watching TV or using it as the background noise while being involved in the other activities. Today, a lot of people spend their spare time sitting in front of screens and watching many programs which are really not necessary to be watched because they do not include any useful information. Furthermore, they can have even harmful effects on the public’s consciousness. Television is one of the most influential aspects of the modern life because it is actively used to influence the people’s attitude to this or that situation or phenomenon, and many persons become the victims of the television impact. Thus, television has negative effects on society because it influences the individuals’ psychological state and mental abilities, their emotions and feelings, attitudes and vision of the moral values, the capacities to make the independent decisions and effective choices. Whom does television affect? There are few people who do not feel the impact of television on their life because even when the public is not interested in programs and shows, commercials seem to follow us in all the aspects of the life with affecting the tendencies and fashion and influencing our choice every day. Television affects all the age categories of people. Nevertheless, the impact of television on children is the most dangerous because children have no abilities to assess the information presented in TV programs and shows critically. Many parents are inclined to use television for attracting the children’s attention and entertaining them without concentrating on the fact that the impact of television on the children’s brain and emotional state can be negative. Moreover, today it is possible to notice a lot of toddlers who spend their time in front of the screen without their parents’ control. Thus, the impact of television on children is the quite controversial question. However, adults also feel the great impact of television on their lives because there are tendencies to watch TV while having a rest, eating, communicating with friends, and completing different everyday activities ( Television , n.d.). That is why, it is necessary to mention that television affects the majority of people without references to their age and even without focusing on their social status because now television is the most available way of entertaining and getting the information. How does television affect the public? What is the difference between the negative impact of television on children and adults? Today, many researchers and doctors pay attention to the fact that children are more influenced by the information presented in TV programs
College education is important because it enables one to develop a career path. The issue has prompted a debate about making one year college education a requirement for every American. This paper will focus on two opposing arguments on whether every American should have one year of college education. Every American should have a one year college education in order to participate in rebuilding the economy of the country. The industrial sector in American requires people with middle level skills. The kinds of skills required in the industries are beyond those acquired in high school. Anyone willing to be successful and work in the industrial sector must get a college education because one gets more skills that enable one to work competitively in the job sector. Moreover, going to college opens up possibilities for an individual. People who attend college “gain academic, technical and critical thinking skills “ ((St. Clair 1). Some may actually end up achieving a certificate and eventually get jobs that have potential for growth. The possibility of acquiring a bachelor’s degree increases with college attendance and an individual has a better chance of building a successful career path with higher wages than those who do not attend college. On other hand, making one year college education a requirement for all Americans will give a chance even to adults who skipped college for one reason or another. These Americans will get a chance to build a career path (St. Clair 1). Conversely, not all Americans should be required to get a one year college education because it is not really necessary. Mandating everyone to have it would not be practicable because some people have no desire to attend college in the first place. Coercing such individuals into colleges would only amount to a waste of resources because one cannot learn if they are not willing. In addition, the government would be forced to control college admissions hence deny institutions autonomy. Not, only would this scenario lead to loss of academic freedom, but also increase the education budget. Requiring every American to attend a one year college education would work in the reverse because colleges would be crowded and thus not able to offer quality education to those who join out of their own free will. Instead of raising the level of education, this requirement would undermine education tremendously (Linker 1). Professor St. Clair brings forth strong arguments why every American should have a college degree. She shows how a college degree can help an individual not only in the short term by getting a job, but also in the long term by helping one to develop a successful career path. According to her a college education is the key to a person’s career pat
Along with eyesight, auditory perception is among the key ways of getting valuable information about the world. In many situations, having normal hearing can be critical for survival, and this is why it is so important to prevent everyday situations involving the risks of hearing damages. Such risks relate to a variety of consequences, ranging from poor ear care habits or even some aspects of lifestyle. To begin with, proper ear hygiene is central to disease prevention, but some people fail to use cotton swabs properly, which leads to ear traumas (Firdose & Poduval, 2015). Also, when people do not use ear cleansing products at all, it causes cerumen plugs and can also lead to problems with auditory perception. Other potential causes of hearing impairments involve habits that do not deal with ear hygiene. Some medications used to treat different health conditions have ototoxic effects and can potentially cause pain and decreases in hearing due to their impact on the auditory nerve (Khoza-Shangase, 2017). More than that, damages to hearing are sometimes caused by exposure to loud noises related to emergency cases or just the improper use of headphones, especially the in-ear models. Nowadays, there are many products helping to protect hearing or even improve it. They range from protective earplugs and special headphones that prevent exposure to loud noises to a number of products facilitating ear care such as ear drops that soften cerumen plugs (Philpott, 2016). Importantly, one more source of problems with this sense is smoking – in all age groups, the risks of hearing impairments are higher for active smokers (Chang et al., 2016). With that in mind, to some extent, all products for smoking cessation also protect hearing by reducing smoking-related risks.
International Court of Justice (I.C.J.) is situated in the Peace Place Hague, Netherlands.Its main role is to get to the bottom of legal arguments presented by countries that are members of the United Nations (UN) and also give counsel to legal matters presented by international organizations and UN general assembly. ICJ is not the sole international court. There is another international court that is also situated in Hague Netherlands and its called International Criminal Court (ICC). This court operates as an independent entity towards prosecuting people who are found guilty of causing public unrests that may lead to death. The ICJ is made up of 15 judges who are appointed by the UN Security Council and the general assembly and their tenure lasts for a period of nine years but it can be extended to include two more terms. These appointments are held after every three years (Pieter, 2003). According to Statute of the International Court of Justice, the ICJ is accorded powers to create its own policies (UN Documents, n.d). All cases brought to the ICJ are handled in same way. The Rules of the international court of justice dictates the procedure of ICJ similar to those of the supreme court of Canada, where a complaint is filed by an applicant and in return the accused party too files its own version. The United States Supreme court is similar to the World Court, with the President being termed as Chief Justice. If a respondent country does not want to surrender to the jurisdiction of the court it can request for a point of objection. The objections should be filed before the proceedings commence. The court then designates a public hearing to consider the objections presented by the respondent and gives a verdict at the end of that hearing. Jurisdiction of the ICJ depends on the eagerness of the countries involved in a dispute to cooperate and participate in solving their problems. Conformity with ICJ is therefore voluntary. Burton (2005) argues that in many situations objections are caused by the absence of all concerned parties. The objections are also reserved to be considered in a public hearing. The verdict of the court favors the party that has presented the most sound and c
Introduction The media was traditionally associated with print and broadcast, but the birth of internet media is slowly transforming communication. With the introduction of several online forums, people now have a variety of communication channels to use when either sending or looking for information. Besides, the traditional text messaging has been transformed into more interesting and engaging forums, all thanks to the development of applications such as Snapchat, Viber and WhatsApp. This report presents important insights into Snapchat. The paper provides an overview of the application including the inherent legal issues. About Snapchat Developed by two Stanford college students in 2011, Snapchat is a mobile phone application that allows users to send and receive picture messages from their Android or Apple phones (Urban Dictionary, 2013). The founders were interested in developing an application that is engaging to users, but in which information circulated cannot be re-used in the future. With this in mind, Snapchat was designed to auto-delete pictures and videos sent within ten seconds of opening. This was meant to be a good security measure to guard users against the risk of other people downloading their images and inappropriately using them. However, this security check has been misused since users are aware that it is impossible to obtain the information circulated later on. For this reason, Snapchat has become a platform for bullying and sexting (Urban Dictionary, 2013). Just like any other application, Snapchat has both pros and cons. The application provides a free new way of communication, which allows users to be goofy without fearing repercussions. However, it is not possible to record long videos using Snapchat. Besides, the application does not prov
Introduction Southern Company is an energy generating company that creates and distributes electricity in Southeastern region of US. It possesses all the common stocks of Alabama Power Company, Georgia Power Company, Gulf Power Company among others. Southern Company mainly functions in Alabama, Georgia and Southeastern Mississippi in the United States. The company’s headquarters are in Atlanta. It employs around 26,000 people. It supplies its electricity to a 120,000 square mile distance. It has various generation fleets which assist in distribution of electricity to its customers (Datamonitor, 2011). Company’s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders Southern Company’s mission is to provide reliable, superior and affordable electricity services to its customers. These objectives are realized when the company completes every task safely and when it achieves Southern Style. Southern Style involves complete commitment, exemplary performance and absolute trust in Southern Company’s business operations ( Southern Company, 2010). Vision statement states the future or long term goals and objectives of an organization. Southern Company’s vision is to be the world’s greatest energy generating company ( Southern Company, 2010). Primary stakeholders: Stakeholders are the people that are affected or who could be affected by the company’s activities. Southern Company’s main stakeholders are the personnel, consumers, financiers, the public, suppliers, NGOs and regulators ( Southern Company, 2010). Five (5) forces of competition and how it impacts the company Rivalry: This involves competition from firms offering similar products (Porter, 2010, par. 1). For instance, Southern Company is facing competition due to change in federal laws. This has increased the presence of old electricity suppliers and wholesalers. Therefore, Southern Company’s net income is being affected by these changes in supply and demand. Threat of Substitutes: Substitutes are products which are already being offered by other producers, therefore, affecting price and demand (Porter, 2010, par. 7). There are other companies offering electricity products such as North America utility companies. This has reduced the demand for Southern Company’s electricity and subsequent market share. Buyer Power: This is the effect that consumers have on a company (Porter, 2010, par. 10). Southern Company’s buyers are powerful because they are large corporations who buy in large quantities. The company’s subsidiaries are able to supply to municipalities and millions of customers. Supplier Power: This involves the influence that suppliers have on the production company (Porter, 2010, par. 11). If suppliers are powerful, they can sell at high prices. Otherwise, they are weak. Southern Company’s suppliers are weak because the company mainly sells on retail to its consumers. Therefore, it avoids manipulation by the wholesalers and consequently, the performance is maintained. New entrants’ threats and barriers: These are new competitors entering the industry (Porter, 2010, par. 11).
Introduction Optimization is the key word in the economy as everybody wants to utilize the minimum possible resources to derive maximum possible functionalities. This is quite natural considering the fact that resources are limited and the needs to be fulfilled are unlimited, so the only choice is to go for optimization. Optimization means getting maximum possible output from the minimum possible inputs. Fortunately, mathematics proves to be a great help, whenever and wherever one has to deal with the terms like optimization, maxima, minima etc. Two branches of mathematics – algebra and / or calculus prove very handy in solving the problems related to optimization, maxima, minima etc. In this case the cross-section of a gutter will be optimized to contain maximum water with minimum of the material of construction. Problem Statement A gutter is to be made of plastic to catch water at the edge of a roof. Naturally the manufactures would like to have a design of a gutter that hold maximum of water with a given amount of material required to fabricate the gutter. Now the problem is what should be the shape of the cross section of the gutter. Three possible shapes are suggested Referring to the figures above, it is easy to understand that the shapes are made of the black line i.e. black lines represent the length of the material required and water is contained in the cross-sectional area of these shapes i.e. the shaded area. The problem is to find out the optimum cross sectional area which requires minimum of the construction material (plastic) as it is the cross-sectional area that holds water. Solution This is a problem of maxima and minima. Looking at the suggested cross – sections the problem reduces to minimizing the periphery of the gutter cross section for a given area of the cross-section, this is because, while the periphery is made of the construction material (here plastic) the cross-section hold the wat
Career occupies an important place in the structure of the needs of a modern person, thereby influencing his or her satisfaction with work and life in general. A successful career provides a person with material well-being and the satisfaction of the highest psychological needs, such as the need for self-realization, respect, and power (DuBrin, 2015). It is a quick and successful advancement in a job that helps to achieve fame or material gain. A career strategy is a way to build it in such a way that the method of promotion and organization of activities ensures the optimal use of all driving mechanisms. This paper aims to identify and explain the three most important career-enhancing techniques. One of the most important tactics is the development of career goals. Building a professional career is inextricably linked with a purpose, an image of the desired result, which at different periods of life can change each other or have different levels and priorities. As an immediate motive, the goal directs and regulates conscious human activity, giving it consistency. In a self-marketing system, a goal is a specially revised dream prepared for fulfillment (DuBrin, 2015). Like a dream, a quality goal should be attractive, inspiring, but unlike a dream, it is more specific, detailed, somehow measurable, defined in time, and obligatory to achieve. The process of setting a goal for building a career includes three main phases: finding a goal, situational analysis, and formulating it. There are certain principles for setting a career goal, such as attractiveness, closeness, progressiveness, consistency, and the possibility of target adjustment. The goal should be realistic, achievable, and correspond to personal interests, values, and ideas. Sequential goal-setting concentrates efforts and brings the final goal closer (Low et al., 2020). In the process of building a career, the motives may change, and moving towards the goal, rigidly focusing on the initial motives inhibits the career process. Finally, the goal should be formalized and provide criteria for assessing its achievement. Life-long education and growth through continuous learning and self-development is the second important career-enhancing tactic. The world is changing and self-education is one of the ways to update existing knowledge and acquire new ones. Today, many people striving to achieve career success learn independently, while mastering a huge amount of information in a short time (Low et al., 2020). The ability to learn is the main skill necessary for a person engaged in self-education. It manifests itself in developed self-motivation, the ability to find the necessary information, choose the appropriate methods of learning, as well as the ability to make acquaintances and cooperate with people (DuBrin, 2015). Experts say that everyone who has achieved significant succes
The relationship between absorbance and sample concentration was confirmed using Beer and Lambert’s law, once the experimental results had been calculated. The unknown concentration samples were labelled A, B, C, and D, respectively. About 100μl of each sample was taken and put into other tubes with corresponding labels. To each of these tubes containing the sample was added 1.0ml of enzymes. Thereafter, the contents were incubated for 15 minutes at normal temperature. The glucose concentrations increased steadily with a constant variation showing direct proportionality by 0.4mM, according to the formula below: C2 = C1 x V1 / V2; Where V2 equals 1ml, C1 2 mM, and V2 is the value of glucose. The glucose amount was then obtained from the values of the standard glucose concentration using Beer-Lambert’s law. The formula is usually written thus: Mass (g) = conc. (Mol/L) x vol (L) x Mol. weight (g/mol). Where Mass refers to the Glucose amount, conc. represents the standard Glucose concentration, and vol is 0.001 L. The results of the sample glucose with unknown concentrations were recorded in the second table. Calculations were done following the formula discussed below. The Beer-Lambert law calculator was also used as an alternative form of calculation. Therefore, glucose values were taken from the equation of Figure 1 above (y = 0.0019x – 0.0085). In this case, the formula becomes x = y – c ÷ m; Where y is the Spectrophotometer reading. For example, (x = 0.427 – 0.0085 ÷ 0.0019) = 220.26 μg, as mentioned in the table below. In the last column, glucose concentration was taken using the formula: (conc. mM = mass (μg) ÷ M.Wt.) Where mass is the amount of glucose, and M.Wt. is a constant value that equals 180. As an example, (conc. mM = 220.26 ÷ 180 = 1.22 mM). In table 1 below, the results obtained were recorded from the known concentrations according to the Beer and Lambert’s law. Discussion This report has attempted to describe the application of Beer and Lambert’s law. The law is applied in the analysis of both known as well as unknown samples using a spectrophotometer to determine the measurements and subsequent analysis relative to Beer and Lambert’s law. For example, in tables 1, 2 and figure 1, results were calculated using this law and they confirm that there is a relationship between the concentration of the absorbing substance and the absorption coefficient. Therefore, it can be clearly seen that the sample thickness and glucose concentration have a proportional relationship with the absorbing substance. As an example, in table 1, sample 2, the 0.106 spectrophotometer reading is attributed to 0.4mM of the standard glucose concentration and 72μg o