ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
On that cold fateful night, it was quite hard for me to fall asleep after the feast with Beowulf and his faithful men. Darkness had already fallen over Herot, but an unusual feeling, something similar to a barely noticeable earthquake, did not let me drown myself in sleep. A strange noise intensified, making me jump out of bed and grab my only weapon, but everyone was sleeping. Like a sign from above, I felt that I had to find any safe place immediately. Crawling like a mouse and not knowing what to expect, I reached the room’s corner and got under a large wooden bench. Suddenly, something big and dark rushed into the hall and approached my bench, causing everyone to wake up and reach for their swords. It was my first encounter with Grendel, but I knew it was him by simply looking into that creature’s gleaming and angry eyes. Not noticing me, although I was one foot away from him, Grendel was excited to hunt for the warriors as if they were the prey. In the blink of an eye, the monster grabbed one of the warriors approaching him. With a laugh, Grendel ripped the man apart without effort as if his body was a sheet of paper ( The Battle with Grendel from Beowulf line 420). The poor man’s bones and joints cracked loudly, and a splash of warm red liquid got into my eyes and mouth. Frozen with fear, I could do nothing to get rid of that familiar but disgusting metal-like taste. The smell of death, blood, and saliva filled the room, and holding my breath was the only way to prevent vomiting and avoid revealing my location. Grendel’s feast did not last more than a few seconds. Paying almost no attention to the warriors’ attempts to injure him, Grendel started searching for a new snack. After a watchful stare, the monster jumped at Beowulf and was ready to get his powerful claws into our hero’s warm flesh. Contrary to the monster’s expecta
Flat design refers to a genre in the field of interface design that involves the application of simple elements of design to increase functionality (Pratas, 2014). This simplicity is characterized by the elimination of stylistic features such as gradients, faux-realistic features, and drop shadows that complicate interface designs (Clum, 2013). Many designers choose a flat design because it enables them to design websites that are user friendly by streamlining various aspects of interface design. Examples of common features of this genre of design include open spaces, bright colours, clearly defined edges, and unsophisticated illustrations (Clum, 2013). It goes against traditional design styles that emphasize the use of flashy illustrations, animations, drop shadows, and other styles that make deigns complex. The flat design eliminates ornamentals because they clutter interfaces and make them unfriendly to users. Designers eliminate aspects that distract users and lower the quality of their experiences (Clum, 2013). Some design experts describe this genre as dull, boring, and highly conservative. However, this description is erroneous because designers use bright colours to grab the attention of users. The presence of a few images and illustrations contributes towards the enhancement of functionality (Pratas, 2014). Flat design has many advantages that make it the preferred style of interface design among designers. The use of simple images facilitates the conveyance of messages and thus makes interfaces easy to use (Clum, 2013). Flat design is widely accepted because of its simplicity, effectiveness, and appreciation for design as a functional tool. It advocates the functionality of websites as opposed to their appearance. The focus on functionality means that website designers are more concerned about the quality of user experiences than the aesthetic appearance. Therefore, websites that apply this style are more likely to be described as user-friendly compared to websites that apply other design styles. Advancements in technology have introduced several devices that access the internet. The flat design provides a method to design interfaces that enable users to access websites of varied sizes in different gadgets without encountering challenges such as long response time (Clum, 2013). Websites that possess minimal design features load faster respond swiftly to user commands and resize easily when accessed from different types of technological devices (Pratas, 2014). Proponents of flat design criticize the genre by claiming that it is a fad that will not last for long. They argue that lack of important features such as drop shadows deny users certain experiences. Designers use bright colours and simple typography to eliminate the need for complex illustratio
Psychology is a broad discipline that focuses mainly on mental functions and behaviors (Kendra, 2013). The basic goal in psychology is to understand individualized as well as group behaviors. The findings are meant to benefit the entire society. People who specialize in this field are known as psychologists and are at times referred to as cognitive scientists (Kendra, 2013). In their practice, psychologists focus on understanding how mental functions can influence social behaviors in an individual. This essay discusses the major assumptions in psychology as well as biological aspects that support a psychological study. In psychology, there are assumptions that explain why individuals behave in a particular manner. Psychologists believe that human characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next through inheritance. They also argue that significant percentages of human characteristics are developed and shaped by an individual’s early childhood (Kendra, 2013). This is referred by psychologists to as the ‘external environment’ which builds a person’s character traits. Human behavior is also determined by some irrational drives, which according to psychologists, are unconscious (Kendra, 2013). Perception, motivation, personality, cognition, and emotion, are some of the concepts used by psychologists to establish behavioral characteristics (Kendra, 2013). Nonetheless, they are attached to the conscious mind. Other psychologists have pursued the concepts involved in the unconscious mind leading to the different schools of thought in psychology. The major schools of thought in psychology include Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, Gestalt psychology, and cognitive psychology (Kendra, 2013). The Structuralism theories involve analyzing the inner functionality of the human mind, which was made possible by procedures such as introspection and others (Kendra, 2013). Functionalism was later developed and this time the focus was not on the mental process but on the influence, the process had on an individual. Psychologists who hold the behaviorism view argue that our behavior is formed and influenced by external factors and not internal factors. Sigmund Freud came up with yet another school of thought arguing that the unconscious mind is responsible for human behavior. Breaking it down into three elements, the ID, the Ego and the superego, he asserts that the interaction between the three composes human behavior (Kendra, 2013). Another school of thought that came up as a response to the behaviorism theory is the humanistic psychology. This humanistic psychology focused on human free will and self-actualization (Kendra, 2013). It mainly focused on helping individuals reach and realize their maximum potential. Gestalt psychology, on the other hand, focused on the whole experience unlike the structural psychology that breaks down mental processes into simpl
Project Overview Project Background The name of the business is Systemized Electronics pit shop; it has its head office in Abu Dhabi. Systemized Electronic Pit Shop is one of the newest electronic retailers in emirates of Abu Dhabi, which was established 2 years ago and recently the business has managed to expand into four branches in Abu Dhabi and single branch Al Ain. Current Status The inventory and reports is handled by the employees manually through various communication channels, for example: by phone, invoices, delivery notes, or physical counts. This method is not efficient, time consuming and requires physical efforts, so most of the time there are many mistakes, risk on loosing customer by providing them with wrong information or delivering entirely different product to them is very high. The nature of the current information management system is paper based. Project Purpose An increase in the scale of business operations requ
Introduction Cut off from the rest of the globe, with practically no knowledge of their neighborhoods, the goals of most individuals are to spread out their territories ultimately forming an empire and then eventually, overcoming the world. Traditionally, man has always tried to exert influence on fellow men and ever since in the early days the world was ruled through empires and kingdoms which had kings, queens, and emperors. These kingdoms had great contribution to the present system of ruling as they provided the foundation of how countries or subjects are governed. Among the positive contributions that the early empires made are associated with civilization and other great discoveries. For example, the Roman Empire is associated with the engineering and the invention of cement while the Greeks are associated with democracy, civilization, philosophy, and mathematics. Discuss the Problem of Empire in the Ancient World The main problems that faced the earliest empires were how governance [1] , avoiding invasions by other stronger and emerging kingdoms. These problems existed due to the fact that rival empires were growing and expanding and risks of traitors within the kingdom were high as well as attacks from rival empires. To rule successfully, the emperors had to cultivate loyalty from their subjects to ensure his citizens could guard and protect the empire. This called for the emperors to employ different strategies on how to ensure that their subjects maintained loyalty at the same time remaining united for the sake of recognition and the power of the empire. Opposition and internal revolts within the empire was another problem that the early empires faced this made some of the rulers become to harsh to their subjects in order to ensure loyalty was observed. How Did the First Empires Come About? The first empires are said to have come as a result of civilization, democracy and rule of law. The strong and the influential people in the society became the rulers by associating with people who believed in their views thus creating a following. They ruled these empires through political and social organizations. Another factor that led to the emergence of the early empires was the invention of gunpowder. Kingdoms attacked and captured rival and empires at will making them part of their own. For example the Ottoman Empire emerged in 1350as a result of use of gun powder and by the early 1500 through the use of artillery, the ottomans had expanded even to Iraq. Trade was another factor that led to the emergence of the early empires. It is worthy noting that some of the early empires were established within trade routes. Trade centers were established and with time these trade centers became empires. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the universal empires of Assyria and Persia? Assyrian Empire Strengths The major strength of the Assyrian empire has always been attributed to its effective and organized army. They are widely regarded as the first organized and well trained armies in the world history. The army used superior weapons and was also well discipli
Introduction The United States entered World War II when Japan attacked their military equipment in Hawaii. Involvement in the war was expected because the US was against Japan’s entry into Middle East, and colonization of Africa and certain regions of Europe by Germany and Italy. The US was greatly perturbed after the invasion of Poland and the fall of France. Many Americans opposed direct participation of US military in the war. However, they supported a decision to offer military aid to nations that were fighting aggression. In addition, they wanted improved security by eradicating the possibility of being attacked. Texans were in full support of the decision to offer aid to their allies in order to guarantee their security. Role played by Texas and Texans Texans supported the Lend Lease bill that offered war supplies to nations that opposed aggression. Senator Thomas T. Connaly facilitated enactment of the act into law. At the time, Connaly was the chairperson of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He convinced fellow congressional representatives to vote in favor of the act. Only Thomas Mansfield declined to support the act. Texans reacted swiftly to US’s attack on Pearl Harbor. After a short while, Connaly declared war on Japan and its allies including Germany and Italy. Texas governor Coke Stevenson’s contributions were monumental because he convinced Texans to offer any aid they could afford whether financial or material. As a response to the governor’s call, many Texans went to recruitment camps to volunteer for military service. They were so enthusiastic that 7% of soldiers who participated in the war were Texans. The largest portion of people in the armed forces was composed of Texans. Texas served as a center for military operations during the war. Texans offered support to military troops in terms of voluntary service, foodstuff, and moral support. More than 20,000 flyers and thousands of gunners were trained in various training camps located in Texas. In addition, Texas housed prisoners of war from Germany, Japan, and Italy. These prisoners worked as clerks, carpenters, farmers, and mechanists because many people had abdicated their jobs to join the war. Others worked in the medical field where they assisted the few doctors and nurses left in hospitals because many medical professionals left their jobs for better paying ones with the military. The fact that Texas was the center for military training and operations had great impact on Texas. Money was used to build new military camps and renovate existing ones. Farmers worked hard to increases agricultural production that enabled the US provide food to its allies in the war. Many people left their professions for military jobs that were paying highly. High schools and colleges created patriotic programs in support of the war. Many teachers and students abdi
Introduction The number of lone parents across the globe continues to increase. There are numerous factors that have been identified to contribute to this. Some of them include an increase in the number of divorces, employment, and the ability to access welfare support. Lone parents and in particular single mothers have experienced numerous challenges in bringing up their children. It has been hard for them to secure jobs and for those who happen to be employed; the salary they get is not sufficient (Sigle-Rushton & Waldfogel pp. 87-94). Different ideologies have been attributed to the existence of single-parent families. The belief about the “place” of women in society has subjected them to discrimination based on race, gender, and when it comes to employment. There are women who believe in a feminist ideology that they have the right to get babies with men of their choice and be supported by these men despite them not getting married. This has been strongly opposed by men leading to such women bearing the burden of bringing up their children. As a way of assisting lone parents in bringing up their children, some policies have been established. Some of the policies seek to ensure that these parents get a well-paying job while others seek to ensure that employed lone parents have a flexible working environment that allows them to balance their parental duties with work. Historical perspective on lone parents Throughout the twentieth century, the number of households controlled by lone parents increased in the United Kingdom. This was reinforced by an increase in the number of divorces as well as people getting children out of wedlock. Despite the number of households comprising of lone parents going up, people still had the perception that children hailing from such families would suffer both economically and emotionally. To curb this rapid increase, most of the welfare officials in United Kingdom came up with legislations that made it hard for agencies to place children with single-parent families (Herman para. 2). By midcentury, Freudian ideologies had pervaded the entire country. As a result, welfare workers used the ideas in conjunction with therapeutic technique to get homes for all children that were found not to have parents. For families to be conventionally accepted, they had to be headed by both parents (father and mother). The couples had to be married and had to have come into a consensus on the father providing for the family. This fact made it had for single-parents to be given children despite them applying for them (Silva 87). The main argument was that such parents did not really need children and that is why they were reluctant to get married. Welfare agents also feared that the children would be subjected to poor parenting as the parents would be engaged in activities aimed at providing for t
Introduction The problem of illegal substances being consumed by an increasingly large number of Australian young people has gained substantial weight in Australian society. According to recent statistics, as there are factors evidencing that a certain percentage of residents might have addictive behaviors (Addiction Center, 2018, para. 2). Therefore, rethinking the current approach toward the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of drug misuse should become the priority of the Australian authorities (Coyne, 2019; Spoth, Trudeau, Redmond, & Shin, 2016). It becomes a critical task of the healthcare sector as the reconsideration of the attitude to addictive substances is one of the factors needed to improve the quality of people’s lives and guarantee their well-being. For this purpose, one will have to use an all-embracive approach, changing attitudes within the society, altering the existing legal standards, and encouraging health literacy. Thesis Statement By focusing on the creation of drug rehabilitation facilities, introducing harm minimization approaches, promoting active awareness and health literacy, and shaping the current policy toward rehabilitation of drug addicts rather than their punishment, Australian authorities will be able to mitigate the drug issue and create a safer space for citizens. Situation The problem of drug addiction and the spread of various substances which have a negative impact on the state of people’s health is no
Introduction James “Big Jim” Walker is a Texan native. He was born in the Western region of Texas in a small city known as Abilene. Indeed, Hylton (2010) says that he belongs to the seventh generation of Texans. As such, many people perceive him as a conservative republican who has experienced most aspects of Texas. Born of Paul Walker and Marylyn Curtis, big Jim is a Christian owing to his parent’s strong affiliation to the church. Mr. and Mrs. Walker raised him in a context of protestant evangelism and inculcated Christian values to him (Stiles, 2010). Although walker is a staunch republican, his father is a democrat who has served as a commissioner of Taylor County and later became a member of the board of a local school. During his school days, Jim became a member of boys’ scout movement and by the time of his graduation, he was awarded a rank of Eagle Scout (Hylton, 2010). The scouts’ organization recently distinguished him as an outstanding member and awarded him with the highest rank in the hierarchy of recognition. Hylton (2010) asserts that Walker attended high school in his hometown of Abilene. In high school, he was active in football and played as a reliable quarter back of the school team. It is imperative to note that he was able to win three state championships with his team. He consequently joined the Texas A&M University where his talents in leadership continued to emerge (Stutz, 2010). In fact, Walker was an active member of various associations including the Corps of Cadets. He also held other leadership positions during his time in college. He graduated successfully after studying business and criminal justice. Walker did not enter the labor market after his graduation but opted to venture into oil and gas businesses. He later joined a ranger school where became a Texas Ranger for almost three decades. Importantly, it is worth noting that Walker’s father has ventured into oil industry for many years. Due to his success in oil industry, his business investment has paid off handsomely. As such, it is possible that some of campaign contributions will come from his father. Although Jim is a native English speaker, he speaks Spanish fluently (Hylton, 2010). His main campaign perspective is that tax cuts are important for the economy. He also articulates that the state government should increase the budgetary allocation of the local sheriffs. Cillizza (2010) points out that his background in criminal justice has influenced his stand on local sheriffs. Jim believes that the local sheriffs should receive grants to enhance their effectiveness in enhancing homeland security. To that end, Jim presents himself to the people of Texas as a person who understands values and has strong roots in the state. Cultural and Regional Support Walker will do