ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Mi’kmaq people are one of the native tribes that occupied North America for millenniums before Europeans discovered the continent. During this period, the Mi’kmaq territory included present-day Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and parts of Quebec, New Brunswick, and Maine. The Mi’kmaq way of life was greatly disrupted by their encounter with European settlers in the 16th century. These settlers were attracted to the Mi’kmaq territory because of its abundance in natural resources such as fish, timber, and wildlife. While the initial relationship between the First Nation tribes and the Europeans was cordial, it changed when the Europeans invaded the coastal provinces and forcefully took the land from the Mi’kmaq. The aboriginals were forced into reserves, and the government attempted to get them to adopt the mainstream European culture. However, in spite of the aggressive assimilation attempts by the European government, the natives have continued to exist as a unique cultural entity in Canada. The Mi’kmaq people have attained a special status in Canada, and their communities are seen as distinct cultural and political entities. This paper will set out to discuss the Mi’kmaq in Nova Scotia with a particular focus on their culture, education, and economic activities. Mi’kmaq culture An integral part of the Mi’kmaq culture is their language. The original language of this native community is the Mi’kmaq language, which belongs to the Algic language family. The Mi’kmaq people communicated primarily in this language before the Europeans came to the continent. The interaction with Europeans had a detrimental effect on the language. Specifically, the efforts by successive governments to assimilate the Mi’kmaq led to a loss of the native language. Mi’kmaq children were taken to boarding schools where they were instructed in English or French and forbidden to communicate in their native language. Due to this intentional strategy to destroy their language, most Mi’kmaq members demonstrate a higher proficiency in English and French than in their native tongue. However, efforts have been made to reverse the loss of the Mi’kmaq language. Some of the communities in Nova Scotia have initiated language reconstruction. This has contributed to the preservation of the language in the community. In addition to this, education reforms have contributed to the increase in the use of the native language. Mi’kmaq children in Nova Scotia are taught their native language in school as part of their curriculum. Religion plays a significant role in the lives of the Mi’kmaq. Many members of this community have embraced Christianity, which is the religion that was introduced to the continent by the European settlers. The majority of the natives in Nova Scotia are practicing Catholics. Even so, some aspects of the traditional religion practiced by the Mi’kmaq in the pre-colonization era still persist. The traditional religion emphasizes the strong connection between people and the environment. Through
Introduction The South American Region is considered to be one of the most actively developing regions in the world. Following after developed European countries and the countries of North America South America is increasing its economical potential practically every day. The stereotype of close-to-the-Third-World is being destroyed by amazing economic figures that indicate that South American countries have long ago entered the world market with a perspective of mutual benefit for national and global economies (Bulmer-Thomas, 2003). Main body The end of the 20 th century was crucial for many economies in the world because of the increase in global processes and especially the globalization of economies. Many of the African countries haven’t made a single step towards entering the global economy. On contrary, the globalization has pushed them back into political and economic depression. But South American countries on contrary strengthened their positions in different markets of the world creating considerate competition for many of the “giants” in the global economy. South America is now drawing a lot of investment flows. According to Foreign Policy magazine, South American together with some North-Western countries is now actually becoming the most favorable investment market. Among the South American countries, there are their own leaders that lead the way and dictate the economic climate in the region (Keen, 1999). Mexico. The economy of Mexico stands out among the others in the region. In 2006 it was considered to be the 15 largest in the world with a GDP of 1.134 trillion US dollars and is measured in purchasing power parity. The Mexican market is considered to be free and oriented toward export. It is getting closer to the upper-income country and the highest income per capita in the Latin American Region, in market exchange. It is also a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. This fact makes it the only Latin American country member. The official statistics are displaying the poverty rate at the level of about 3-4 %. But more up-to-date figures show that about 40 % percent of the population shares a small part of 11 % of national income. Those people live below the poverty line (Dominguez, 1994). The standard of living in Mexico is much lower than in developed or developing countries of Europe. The minimum wage is 40 pesos per day, about £2.80, or $4 US Dollars. Mexico is one of the worst in Latin America in terms of the income distr
Professionals over the years have felt that their abilities at their work place are inadequate. Improving their skills and knowledge about their particular expertise has become necessary. Gaining the knowledge and skills required to perform effectively has become paramount. This article explores the core concepts of how to further your education as a professional. What is furthering education? After realizing the benefits of education, people like you and I seek to learn more. The process of acquiring more education is known as ‘furthering education’. Further education can be taxing especially for already established employees. However, institutions of higher education have come up with simple schedules. Those who want to further their education will find these schedules very apt. One can learn from home and manage his studies. This is known as distance learning. Distance learning provides a unique learning platform for those who know how to further their education . How you can further your education There are two main ways one can further his education. Through distance learning and ‘after work classes’ Distance learning has become the most popular method of improving your education. Overseas universities and schools are offering degree courses. These courses can be completed in a timely manner. This depends on your efforts as a student, two, and your objective in this learning process. Institutions offering distance learning offer advice about how to further your education through their learning platform. Distance learning involves receiving study materials through mail. You can also study online. You access study material online. You do your exams and send them via post or email. The ‘after work classes’ involve going to class after work. People enroll for evening classes in universities and attend lecturers after work. The benefits of furthering your education include getting a better degree, promotion and even a better job. Professionals are able to attain skills required to achieve their objectives as organization leaders. You can enroll in online universities and schools and further your education. This is how you can further your education easily.
The findings that Galileo published in his book the Starry Messenger gave birth to modern science. These ideas created room for arguments. They were supported by the minorities of the society. It also gained acceptance from the action of the clergy and Catholic adherents. Galileo was a Tuscan Italian citizen who specialized in astronomy and mathematics. He also was a Physicist and engineer as well as one of the key figures in the scientific revolution. His careful analysis of the French instrument led him to discover one of the most sophisticated and improved telescopes of his time. He illustrated how powerful it was in the Starry Messenger publication. He also mentioned it in the Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany. The world took up the philosophical ideas of the early discoveries. The traditional Ptolemaic Aristotelian conception took a center stage in the world history. The Geocentric model held the view that all motion in the heavens was a uniform circular motion. They also proposed that the bodies in heaven were unique. They have superior qualities that are unchangeable. It means that the stars, the moon, and other heavenly bodies cannot change their illuminatio
Brief Synopsis of the Issue This proposal is informed by the expressed need for Primark, a British-owned, Irish clothing retailer, to enter into the Brazilian market as part of the firm’s internalisation orientation. The strategic proactive decision to compete in the Brazilian market arises out of the firm’s deliberate policy to exploit foreign market potential and growth, diversify markets through opportunistic global market development, and follow customers abroad to entrench customer satisfaction (Agergaard 2010). Primark stands to gain competitively and strategically through the application of this market entry proposal to market its products in Brazil. Recommendations   * Primark should develop and implement a strong brand image to successfully compete with other established apparel stores operating in Brazil, such as Zara and Mango;   * Primark should use the vast knowledge and experience gained in expanding its operations into markets considered as physically close (European markets) to successfully internationalise its operations in Brazil;   * Primark should consider establishing an apparel factory in Brazil to cut down on logistics costs involved in transporting products from far-away Asian countries into the Brazilian market; and   * Primark should enter into the Brazilian market by establishing a wholly owned subsidiary through the acquisition of already existing firms. Background Although Primark’s main headquarters are in Dublin, Ireland, it is evident that the firm’s entry into other European markets (e.g., Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands and the United Kingdom) has successfully positioned it as a reputable seller of fashionable clothes at the low cost end of the market. In all these markets, the entry mode has always been through acquisitions or direct foreign investments. However, the Brazilian market presents new challenges that warrant comprehensive analysis, particularly in light of the market’s geographic proximity, cultural and social issues in Brazil, as well as political and regulatory frameworks. Extant literature demonstrates that although Brazil has one of the largest commodity stocks and a high population with a quickly mounting purchasing power for consumer products and services, it nevertheless has a high tax regime and a bureaucracy that necessitates much patience on the part of firms wishing to enter the country’s markets (Agergaard 2010). It is important to note that this is Primark’s second attempt to enter international markets outside of the confines of the European Union after successfully entering the United States market, hence the need for careful analysis and evaluation. The remainder of this market entry proposal is organised as follows: first, a concise analysis of market opportunities (country-level analysis) is provided. An analysis of Brazil’s attractiveness (risks, costs, benefits) is then provided,
250-word essays are short essays that are quite common in the academic world. Usually, these essays may end up being one page long if Times New Roman or Arial font has been used. 250-word essay dos and don’ts   * Sort ideas – sine the 250-word essay is quite short then all unnecessary sentences, ideas and explanations should be eliminated. This can be properly done by roughly noting down any initial ideas on a piece of paper and then developing those ideas into more complex analyses. Sorting the ideas will then be necessary and finally a summary of the ideas should be done.   * Provide clear introduction, main body and conclusion – students must ensure that their introduction in this type of essay is one paragraph long with a strong thesis and one or two more sentences expounding on that introduction. Sentences must be linked to one another and repetition should be avoided at all costs. Also, since the 250-word essay is so short, some writers tend to give disjointed ideas. Each paragraph should focus on one argument that should be linked to the entire piece. Here, writers must remember that that their thesis statement is the guiding factor and this should be seen in the conclusion.   * Avoid lengthy formats – direct quotations need to be kept to a minimum in order to make the 250-word essay work. Also, writers should have very few headlines. Preferably three indicating the introduction, main body and conclusion. Students writing these essays should also refrain from using pictures (unless specified) as these contribute to the wordiness of the piece.
Introduction People use or benefit from the use of technology on a daily basis. Driving a car, using the ATM or making payment using credit card, makes use of technology. Children spend a significant amount of their time using technological gadgets. These include computers, electronic toys, television, and games. Children start using these technological gadgets at a very early age (Plowman & Stephen, 2010). Continued use of technological gadgets makes children be conversant with the digital devices. Therefore, efficient use of technological tools would improve the childhood learning significantly. Accessibility of technological tools Children from affluent families usually have more access to various technological gadgets at an early age than children from low-income families. This makes children from affluent families develop technology-handling tools at an early age. Ensuring equal access to technological tools in a classroom setting provides equal learning opportunities to all children. This reduces any handicaps that children from low-income families may have due to lack of technological devices in their homes (NAEYC & FRC, 2012). Technological tools build children’s intellectual capabilities Knowledge of the intellectual capabilities of children facilitates the development of computer applications that fit children’s learning style. Development of appropriate computer applications enables children to be participatory learners. These computer applications help children to build their own knowledge through trial and error (Haugland & Wright, 1997). Computers create a holistic learning environment In addition, use of computers creates a holistic learning environment. Computer applications integrate several subjects such as math and languages. Computer applications enable children to explore different environments – such as the human body or space – enabling them to gain knowledge on several areas of the curriculum simultaneously (Haugland & Wright, 1997). Conclusion Therefore, use of technological tools in childhood education is crucial. It creates a favorable learning environment that eases the learning process. However, teachers should have the necessary skills that would enable them to teach the children effectively (Kravitz, 2004).
Historically, men have always dominated in both social and private lives of women and Algeria is not any different. Algerian women had to suffer extreme hardships from French colonizers and then their husbands and government. Women have had a deciding role in Algeria gaining its independence from France but this did not change the matter of things and cruel and unusual treatment that they receive today, should not be tolerated or allowed. Zahia Smail Salhi in an article titled “The Algerian feminist movement between nationalism, patriarchy and Islamism” talks about the abuse Algerian women have received at the hand of the French colonizers. They were sexually assaulted, auctioned, killed and dehumanized. It is extremely difficult to accept that mere one hundred and fifty to two hundred years ago, a civilized European nation, France, could allow such atrocities to happen. Soldiers behaved like savages excluding themselves from all that is human. Women had no way of fighting back, as Algerian men were also being colonized. This added even more hardships to women because they would suffer from their husbands too, who were angry and mistreated by the French colonizers. Then, the French realizes that the key to overtake Algeria is to strike at its heart, which was women and their preservation of homes and tradition. They set out to assimilate female population and the treatment worsened. Women had no choice but to fight back and they took up arms. They led active warfare against soldiers and patrols and finally succeeded. At the time the French were still present and Algeria was a colony, women’s rights movement has begun; this took place in 1940 (Salhi, 2010). Catherine Lloyd describes the next era that has begun when women started a revolution and the feminist movement has gained great momentum. The article “From taboo to transnational political issue: Violence against women in Algeria” describes the revolution at the time of occupation by French, which added even larger strain to the conditions in the country. The French realized that they had to fight against the whole nation and their cruelty increased, “it was estimated that Algeria lost a quarter of its population, in the period up to independence in 1962” (Lloyd, 2006). Women’s protests and fighting for their rights continued on two fronts, one was the French domination and the other was their own national government and male population, with a view that segregated and dehumanized women. It seems unacceptable and unimaginable that some twenty years ago, in the modern age of human rights and freedoms, women had to and still suffer such abuse. The most despicable fact is that during
There is no use denying the fact that modern age can be characterized by a great rivalry. People have to achieve some goal and become successful in order to be appreciated in society. With this in mind, nowadays such notion as success becomes more significant. Trying to become popular and rich, a person looks for some methods which will be able to guaranty his/her becoming successful, However, very often people forget that there are no universal methods and every approach should be unique to bring success to its creator. However, having understood the demand, people started creating books which main aim was to teach a person how to become successful. Besides, it is impossible to do it and these books just promoted enrichment and success of people who wrote it. Chesterton, in his work The Fallacy of Success, also cogitates about this very issue, underlining the fact of uselessness of these books and outlining his own ideas connected with the issue of success. The work is rather controversial and provoking. That is why a great number of people analyzed it from different perspectives. First of all, it is possible to mention existentialist point of view on this issue. Existentialism is a philosophic category which stresses onliness of human existence, underlining its irrational character (Crowell para. 6). Avital Pilpel in his article The Fallacy of Success analyses the original article from this very point of view, stating that Chesterton suggests the idea of success which can be characterized as existential (para. 11). Chesterton states that success cannot be measured or easily achieved with the help of different pieces of advice as it is unique, though, irrational phenomenon (para. 15). However, there is another point of view on this article. Dale Alquist researches this work from biographical perspective trying to see some peculiarities of Chestertons life and his points of view there. The researcher states the fact that Chesterton became interested in the issue because of his own success and his own ideas connected with the way to achieve it (Alquist para. 12). Chesterton describes the book which suggests readers the way of enrichment which was used by Rothschild. However, he notes that it is impossible to do it as people do not know all Rothschilds motifs and hidden remedies. This statement introduces some discussion as it is possible to s
Introduction Behavioral economics can be defined as the study of the effects of psychological, cultural, emotional, and cognitive factors in the process of making economic decisions involving individuals and organizations. The study is characterized by three main aspects: heuristics, market inefficiencies, and framing. Fields of study that interact with behavioral economics include neuroscience, psychology, and microeconomic theory. Researchers study how individuals make important economic decisions and the motivations behind those choices. Behavioral economics differs significantly from traditional economic theory whose main assumption is that people are perfectly rational and make decisions based on what maximizes their happiness. On the contrary, behavioral economists develop theories that incorporate certain psychological concepts that include procrastination, impatience, wrong decision-making, as well as avoidance of pain and loss. These concepts have allowed economists to fully comprehend how people make decisions that affect their financial welfare. Behavioral Economics Theories Bounded Rationality This theory explores the idea that individual decision-making is influenced by three main aspects: the time available to choose, individual cognitive limitations, and the amount of information possessed. According to the theory, people make rational decisions, whose quality is limited by their cognitive capabilities and the amount of information they can access (Ogaki and Tanaka 71). In that regard, people make choices that satisfy their needs and wants rather than those that offer maximum happiness. The theory suggests that people do not fully consider every choice or possibility available to them and that could optimize their happiness (Zamir and Teichman 43). The theory argues that people cannot make good and consistent decisions that have positive outcomes. Individuals make decisions that are influenced by factors such as peer pressure, cultural norms, ethics, religious beliefs, and love (Zamir and Teichman 44). Decisions are made through a complex and variable decision-making process that utilizes limited information. The Prospect Theory This theory was developed by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, who developed a framework to explain how human perception of gain and loss influences decision-making on matters related to economics (Zamir and Teichman 49). They referred to the human perception of gain and loss as framing. The two economists argued that decisions are context-dependent and the framing of problems determines