ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Learning profiles refer to the ways in which learners are able to process and understand what they are taught. The main objective of differentiation by use of a learning profile is to establish an education system that effectively supports various forms of instruction, which can assist students with different learning abilities to study with ease. The major components of the profile include the student’s learning styles, multiple intelligences, and learning environments (Adams & Pierce, 2006, p. 53). This paper is aimed at making out the various differentiating methods as well as outlining how they work. It is difficult to find a classroom with students of the same intelligence quotient. Students differ in terms of language proficiency, readiness to learn, and the ability to understand what they are taught. In spite of these differences, students in the same classroom are all expected to understand and master the contents of what they are taught. Therefore, it is advisable that teachers develop teaching strategies that will ensure that every student learns with ease (Adams & Pierce, 2006, p. 56). The leading principle in differentiated teaching styles is that the students learn best when they are allowed to relate their experiences and interests, to what they learn in the classroom. For that reason, the students get to master the concepts in curriculum when the instructors take them beyond the point where they require assistance in order to learn (Turville, 2008, p. 47). Differentiated learning requires an effective planning and the acknowledgement that students with different learning abilities have diverse experiences and interests when it comes to class work. There are various techniques that teachers can apply in differentiated learning for students with different learning abilities. The first strategy is the differentiated process, which is based on how the students understand and absorb the concepts and skills they are taught. The differentiated process takes into consideration factors such as the student’s learning styles and the standards of performance that are required for a particular age (Tomlinson, 2001, p. 80). In the differentiated process, the students are allowed to learn based on the areas of the curriculum in which they experience most difficulties, or through the methods they feel are the easiest for them to understand wh
“Career Academies” for All Students Greendale High School District has brought to the fore the idea of implementing a “career academy” for all students in the area. These high schools are aimed at providing students with certain skills which will be useful in a specific career. Thus, freshmen entering the high school will have to declare their area of interest. There will be between 4 and 8 electives and students will have an opportunity to focus on the discipline they are interested in. The incentive has caused a heated debate as many people believe such high schools will be ineffective due to a number of reasons, e.g. students’ unpreparedness and additional costs associated with the change. Nonetheless, a closer analysis of the issue suggests that the implementation of the career academy will positively affect the development of the educational system and will provide students with more opportunities for their further education or future careers. Some Fears Concerning the Career Academy As has been mentioned above, there are certain fears that the students are unprepared to make such important choices as picking their majors. Some people claim that many students enter high schools at the age of fourteen and they are psychologically incapable of making the choice. Opponents of the career academy argue that at such an early age students do not know what exactly they want to do in their future. They can make a wrong decision and will simply waste some years of their life. More so, opponents stress that some students will tend to choose the least challenging subjects as they still do not understand the importance of proper education due to their age. However, these fears are groundless as students are not that immature when they enter a high school. For instance, according to a poll held, 65% of students claim they work harder in classes they find relevant for their future. In many cases, students have formed their major interests by the age of fourteen or fifteen. When students are interested in a subject, they work hard and they are ready to invest their time to become proficient in the subject. More so, the necessity to choose major does not mean students should study this discipline only. Students’ ability to try studying a discipline is beneficial for them. Thus, if a student gets disappointed in a discipline and understands it is not for him/her, he can make a more thoughtful choice in college. This will save the student from years wasted on studying the wrong major in college. Another important argument against the career academy is concerned with funding. It has been estimated that the change will cost $3 million. However, this is the necessary investment into the development of education. Besides, the state government will reimburse certain part of this sum. Therefore, the community will benefit from the implementation of the career academy with minimum funding. There are also concerns that the teachers having the necessary skills are not available at the moment. Thu
In the 1950s and 1960s, the concept of the American housewife was increasingly popular. American women strived to fit in social stereotypes. They were concerned with proper education, marriage, children, and household routine. However, the firmly established stereotypes did not allow young girls to fulfill themselves in other realms than those of a woman and a housewife. In particular, most of the American women living in the suburbs of the country were restricted in disclosing their self and realizing their professional competences. In this respect, Friedan, the author of The Feminine Mystique and the confounder of the National Organization of Women, was among the pioneers who made women change outlooks on their existence and start searching for their selves. She persistently advocated women, irrespective of their race, marital status, social class, sexual orientation and promulgates such values as freedom and equality in American society. First attempt to highlight the nature of the problem among women was connected to a psychological analysis of mass women dissatisfaction with their lives. Specifically, women mistakenly thought that the roots of their problems lied in their unhappy marriage or in their personal psychological instabilities. Therefore, she actively worked on the newspaper The Reflector because she believed that her ideas and views on life should be given to publicity (Oliver 10). While researching historic data, Friedan refers to the nineteenth century’s women whose role was confined to those of a mother and housewife. Indeed, true feminine identities can only be revealed when women widen their opportunities and defend their independence. To find the core of the problem, Friedan recalls her decision to meet society’s expectations, raise children and become a good wide instead of continuing her promising career. Overall, her active participation in American women movement has been represented in many alternative ways so as to capture the depth of the problem of recognizing feminine identity of her time. The fear of staying without husband made women forget about their personal interests and give up their education to marry at an early age. However, many women fail to find fulfillment within the narrow frames they were enclosed in and, as a result, they become concerned with their e
Introduction Media is important to society as it is one of the main information sources. In the course of playing its role, the media faces some challenges. The main challenges faced by the media relate to ethics. Therefore, stakeholders have formulated media ethics to act as a guide. Philosophers have proposed various models such as moral reasoning and potter box models among others in order to ensure the correct implementation of media ethics (Patterson and Wilkins, 2007). Individuals in the media should engage in moral reasoning as it is important in the passing of content. This paper analyzes a case study, visualizing September 11, which rose concerns regarding the ethics of the media. Facts of the Case Figure 1: Visualizing September 11th. Richard Drew’s photograph, Visualizing September 11, captures an event that occurred during the New York terror attack on September 11, 2001 (Mayer, 2011). This picture shows a man who is falling down straight from the top of the North Tower of the World Trade Center building after two planes hit the building. The man is among hundreds who either fell or jumped from the building in order to escape the fire that was spreading across the tower. Drew’s photograph became famous and appeared in newspapers in New York (Stern, 2011). Drew’s picture adheres to journalistic values of truth-telling and the public’s right to know. How the case was resolved However, this single and most important picture of this century became controversial after a woman called claiming that the subject in the photograph was her brother. Additionally, a section of people who based their argument on the social and cultural impact of the photograph complained that the image was quite disturbing (Mutlu, 2010). This led to individuals considering the photograph unethical. Consequently, the media brought down the photograph that had become the headline of most print and visual media such as The New York Times. Alternative Outcome for the Case We can consider Richard’s photograph ethical. This is because it adheres to several media principles and values, which are open-ended information transfer, truthful episode recall, and specific representation of what took place. Moreover, whatever the photograph shows is real. Drew exercised his journalistic rights and duties when doing his work. His work proves that he considered media ethics values of truth-telling, the public’s right to know, legal and religious values. Additionally, he showed loyalty to his company, clients, art, society, colleagues, and himself by presenting a truthful photograph. Further, his work accommodates the principle of egalitarianism and the mean principle (Da
Introduction A social problem can be termed as a condition that is viewed as undesirable to a majority of individuals within a given society. The problem is considered to pose consequences that damage the general wellbeing of the community. Social illnesses extend beyond the confines of the individual’s social matters by creating contradicting opinions on what a given society upholds to be morally and culturally acceptable. The US faces several common illnesses that range from one area to the other. Most scholars have pointed out the weakening of marriage as the leading social problem that is affecting the US. More than one per every three children born in the US belongs to a mother who has never been married. Approximately 45 percent of the marriages in the US end up in divorce. Additionally, only an estimated 60 percent of children in the US are living with their biological or adopted married parents. The decline of marriage has been rated as the single most serious social problem in the US as it opens different avenues for other associated vices. Drug abusers, those who commit suicide, the victims of crime, and emotional distress have a clear link with broken family relationships (Ayelet et al. 276). This paper looks at declining marriage as a social problem in the US. The paper further highlights the problem from various viewpoints. Theory selection To discuss the social illness of declining marriages in the US, the incorporated is the social constructionist perspective. This theory views the extent to which a social illness is perceived as problematic and the meaning attached to the social problem as having a direct relationship with human interactions. The origins of the constructionism can be traced back to the attempts to establish the nature of reality. The constructionism approach views truth and knowledge as created elements but not discovered within the mind. Social problems do not become evident immediately, as they require interpretation and presentation. Depending on the public outrage attributed to given social problems, contributions are made in constructing their significance or insignificance within society. However, some of the problems are private, and they lack the dimension of public policy (Kiraly 45). Objective reality lacks the premise of accepted knowledge. Human relationships dictate how people perceive reality due to the shared meanings that society upholds. Under the constructionist approach, shared meanings are due to vibrant and cooperative relationships that are affiliated or not to objectively measurable conditions around the world. A given society understands the world in a particular way. The preference of reality is not dependent upon the empirical validity, but it is subject to influence by varying cultural trends and social forces. Many social problems that accrue from different societies emanate from the concepts
There is a tendency to eliminate the gender differences in al aspects of human life and consider men and women equal in their rights. However, looking at some particular activities it is still impossible to say that the rights and freedoms of men and women are equal there. For example, talking about labor processes and considering the desire of women to be treated equally with men the practice shows that the gender differentiation still exists. No matter how strong the social opinion about the equality of genders, the labor process is the expression of those considerations in practice. Many works have been written in the relation to the equality of genders and explaining the differences in gender roles at the workplace. Therefore, studying the works by Lorber (2007), Braham (1996), Williams (1992), and Mullings (1997), the salience of gender in the labor process is going to be discusses as the working process is believed to be the most appropriate aspect in analyzing the gender relations. Dwelling the problem of division of labor Braham (1996) states that the modern consideration of this notion has changed. Therefore, now, discussing the division of labor race and gender aspects are discussed in most cases. Discussing the labor processes and the role of gender, Braham (1996) has noticed the tendency that women more often choose the part-time jobs. This is connected with their desire to be mothers, but to show that their professional growth is important as well. The author states that the part-time job does not show that women are not that professional in what they do. The author considers the history of women in the labor process and states that the number of women has dramatically increased since 1940’s. Even though a feminization of labor process occurs, the number of men remains higher in comparison to the number of working woman. Considering the expression of Werneke in 1985 “women are concentrated in a limited range of occupations and are more likely to be found working in relatively less skilled and lower paying jobs than their male counterparts” (in Braham, 1996, p. 319) and comparing it with the modern times, the change in the labor segmentations may be seen. Nowadays women get high paid jobs and the variety of occupations has dramatically increased. Even though, the segmentation of the occupation still exists. The desire to make the rights of men and women at the workplace equal, there are “male” and “female” professions even though the number of women in male professions increases as well as the number of men in the female ones. Thus, nursing, librarianship, elementary school teaching, and social work positions have always been considered as female sex-typed occupations, but the tendency to eliminating the sex factor from occupation has lead to the increase of the number of women in male professions and vi
William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130, “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun,” was chosen for the evaluative assignment due to its frankness of expression and simplicity along with its inclusion of important themes for consideration. Moreover, this sonnet is one of few poems written by Shakespeare to bear a humorous tone, another vital point of critique. Although Shakespeare wrote about the exquisite beauty of a young woman and compared her to a goddess, saying, “I grant I never saw a goddess go; my mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground,” the entire poem can be considered a parody of the stereotypical love letters that men used to write to their loved ones, as exemplified by the unexpectedly prosaic thought that ends the comparison to a goddess: “my mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground” (Shakespeare 136). In this juxtaposition of ideas, Shakespeare mocked those poets who equated women to deities, stating explicitly that his mistress had nothing in common with a goddess. Evaluating a sonnet written by such a classical writer from a humorous perspective will shed light on the true meaning of his literary work. It will also show Shakespeare’s mastery, not only in creating dramatic pieces but also in using wit and irony to talk about the theme of true love, the key literary characteristic chosen for the analysis. Another example of parody when speaking about a beloved woman is the following excerpt: “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red” (136). In contrast to many poets, Shakespeare chose a completely different route; despite stating that his mistress is not an ideal woman and that she is not infinitely beautiful, the author implied that he loved her nonetheless. In the last couplet, he suggested that she was just as “rare” as “any she belied with false compare” (136). Therefore, the woman described in the poem did not embody physical perfection in the eyes of her admirer; rather, she possessed such traits as a fascinating personality, which cannot fade with time. It is impressive to read a poem elevating the individual features of a woman such as kindness instead of her beauty, which can be considered in the same terms as a modern interpretation of true love and devotion. Undoubtedly, the poem projected a friendly and hu
Nurse turnover is one of the most burning issues to be addressed in the healthcare system. These healthcare professionals have to work in a challenging working environment characterized by considerable workload, high responsibility, low salaries, and limited promotional opportunities (Nei, Snyder, & Litwiller, 2015). Nurses have to work long hours and respond to numerous challenges daily, which tends to lead to a high level of burnout and job dissatisfaction. The way hospitals view the problem also contributes to the increase in turnover in American hospitals. Park and Boyle (2015) note that healthcare facilities find nurse turnover inevitable, so they often ignore a certain degree of turnover, especially when it comes to hospital departments. When the problem becomes alarming, managers try to address it but can do little to improve the situation. This paper includes a brief analysis of nurse turnover and methods employed by nurse leaders and managers to decrease its prevalence in healthcare facilities. Turnover and the Provision of Care It has been estimated that hospitals that are unable to ensure their nursing staff retention lose up to six percent of their annual budgets every year (Kurnat-Thoma, Ganger, Peterson, & Channell, 2017). Nurse turnover is associated with a direct effect on the quality of the provided care and patient outcomes. High turnover is related to the shortage of nursing at some points, which leads to overload and burnout. Medical errors become frequent, which has an adverse impact on patient safety. Nurses find it challenging to develop effective relationships with patients and their families as they concentrate on the implementation of specific clinical procedures. Patient satisfaction can hardly be achieved in such environments. Besides, this phenomenon affects the development of relationships between healthcare practitioners, nursing professionals’ commitment, or rather insufficient commitment to organizational goals. Wei, Roberts, Strickler, and Corbett (2019) state that new nurses are specifically vulnerable, and the majority of nursing professionals leave within the first year of work at a specific hospital or unit. It is also found that proper relationships between nursing practitioners negatively correlate with nurse turnover. Professional Standards and Turnover Although the problem under analysis is complex and requires multiple steps and measures, one of the ways to reduce this phenomenon is to ensure compliance with standards linked to interprofessional relationships (Wei et al., 2019). Nurses should concentrate on the provision of high-quality care and patient safety, but adherence to these standards cannot reduce the associated burnout, fatigue, and job dissatisfaction. C
Introduction Property tax rates are an essential source of revenues for the majority of local governments which ensure their local fiscal autonomy. The procedures of determining the property tax rates are complicated and extremely important for the functioning of the internal financial administration in general. In most cases, the property tax rates are calculated based on the market value of the property. However, in particular cases, due to the specifics of the situation, this method can be inappropriate. This paper will analyze the complex process of quantification of property tax rates for the owners of Habitat for Humanity houses, detect the main inconsistencies in the current procedures, provide two arguments in favor of giving this category of taxpayers with a tax break and two arguments opposing this decision and offer a resolution for the existing problem. Quantification The property tax bills received by taxpayers combine some rates imposed by different jurisdictions and can be compared to a layer cake. Similarly, the process of quantification of the property taxes paid by the owners of Habitat for Humanity houses in a particular municipality is somewhat complicated and depends upon a wide array of influential factors. The rate of property taxes is defined by property tax administration, consisting of the property assessors determining the value of parcels, the local bodies responsible for evaluating the amounts of money which are needed for the budgets of particular jurisdictions and should be taken from the property tax revenues, auditors calculating the property tax rates for different authorities and treasurers collecting the taxes and distributing them among the corresponding governments. One of the primary goals of the property tax administration is to measure property value and adjust it to the taxpayers’ capability to pay the tax. Market value is the commonly accepted standard used for appraising the property (Mikesell, 2010, p. 496). Market value can be defined as the price at which the property could be sold in a competitive and open market. Therefore, the quantification of property taxes paid by owners of Habitat for Humanity houses in a particular municipality depends upon the market value of these houses and the decisions made by the local jurisdictions. However, taking into account the specifics of the Habitat for Humanity programs in which partner families from vulnerable categories of population are selected and then take part in building and/or restoring the houses they will live in and receive zero-interest mortgages for buying these houses, it can be stated that there is a substantial deviation of the acquisition price from the market value. Arguments in favor of a property tax break Taking into account the inconsistency in the current system of determining the real property taxes paid by the owners of the Habitat for Humanity houses due to which the property taxes become an overwhelming burden which can tax people of their homes, it c