ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The United States of America’s economy is the world’s largest and most technologically powerful, which records a per capita Gross Domestic Product of $46,000. The US firms, industries, or companies have been in the frontline in adopting current technological advances in their operations, a good example being in computers. For any business to succeed, effective professional and technical skills are very necessary. This has increased the demand for computer-based skills and equipment by business enterprises in the USA and in the world over. There have been controversies on whether the USA economy is going into recession, where business analysts and economists have given contradicting sentiments. While some analysts have said that the economy is in recession, others have denied this. In the United States, an official ruling on whether the economy is in a recession is given by the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, this ruling has not been made, which leaves the business enterprises with no other option but to depend on the economists/business analysts’ views to establish the economic situation in the country. An economy that is in recession has a significant decline in economic activity, a situation that usually spreads across the economy. This situation can last for more than several months. A recession assessment is based on the final figures on the industrial product, personal income, employment, as well as the manufacturing and retail sectors’ sales activity. Currently, the USA economy is already experiencing a certain level of recession. Though the economy’s recession has not been fully established, some sectors of the economy are already feeling its pressure. Even though a full-blown recession has not been experienced, there are very strong signs that the economy is experiencing problems that may soon drive it into a recession. Has the economy actually entered into a recession as of today? One way in which the economy is experiencing recession is in the increasing jobless rate. The US unemployment rate has been observed to rise at its fastest rate in the last two decades. By May 2008, the US unemployment rate reached 5.5%, a situation that has given indication that the US economy is already experiencing a recession. The rate increased from 5% to 5.5%, providing a clear indication that the nation’s economy has slowed down. The US companies have become more reluctant to hire employees, and their profits are being squeezed by the consumer slow down. According to the US labor department, the US economy has already lost 49,000 non-farm jobs (www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2007-09/13/content-6101963.htm). Business analysts have said that with the increasing rate of unemployment in the USA, the economy is sliding towards a higher level of recession. The unemployment rate results in a weak labor market, which makes the consumers rein in their spending, which in turn hurts the corporate profits. For instance, in the New York
Experience of Redman in the Congress The present book concerns the personal experience of Eric Redman as an official in Congress. As a member of the most powerful legislative body in the USA possessing the unique authority to adopt laws, Redman was able to view the process from the inside. More than that, Redman was personally involved in passing the National Health Service Bill S.4106 and could experience the hardships, plots, and maneuvers that were a part of daily activities in Capitol Hill. Summarizing his experiences in the book The Dance of Legislation , Redman (1973) shows how intricate and unstable the position of every Congress member is in the legislation process, how many tricks and maneuvers one has to take to keep his or her stable ground and to come at least a bit closer to the stipulated goal. The purpose for producing such a detailed description of the inside world of the Congress and the main value of the book recognized by readers is that Redman opened the mystery of the Capitol Hill events, processes, and procedures. People knew only the pieces of information that were chosen for PR campaigns and official news releases. In all other fields, they could not understand the unofficial side of Congress affairs and the mysterious triggers being pushed to produce the outcomes known to the common public. Redman was a young, immature man who was fascinated by the picture that he saw in the Congress during his Bill-related activities, so he decided to share the opinion that he acquired for two years of work in the most sacred place in the US that was able to influence the destiny of the whole state. Important Points Made by Redman The first important point Redman emphasizes in his book is the way the health reform was treated – how much debate was over the philosophy and the content of the reform. In these considerations, one can see the ever-lasting debate over the content of healthcare reforms that is still the burning issue of modern reality. From Redman’s thoughts, one can see what importance was attributed to healthcare in the 1970s, from which the modern public can understand how pressing the problem was and is on the nationwide scale. In the process of designing a special kind of program that could have been passed by Magnuson and describing it to the reader, Redman attributes the following elements to it: “Confronted with a National Health Service Corps scheme that purported to strengthen the system of private practice…We hardly pursued it with the zeal one would expect of conspirators…We agreed…that the NHSC should be not as grand in scale…So we settled for what we hoped would be a small but imaginative experiment: an NHSC in which several dozen Public Health Service Doctors would run a handful of healthcare projects in a few selected communities scattered throughout the United States” (Redman, 1973, p. 39). Another point that is important in the discussion of the Congress affairs offered by Redman is the precise description of inner legislative processes so unintelligible for the common public. It is enough to recollect the speculations of Redman in the chapter “The War of Nerves” dedicated to the bill they were
Introduction For a better comprehension of the legal system in China, there is a need to appreciate the country’s political, social, cultural, and historical inclinations. the current legal system in china is a pointer to several influences, such as” the deeply-rooted philosophies and culture of classical China like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism” (Clarke, 2008). In addition, the legal system, in china is also gets influenced by external forces in the country. An external of such an external force influence is the extraterritorial privileges that have been exerted onto the country, through the Treaty System that China enjoys with the powers of the West. This treaty system is what eventually coerced China to embrace the legal principles of the West (for example, the continental code of European nations). Following the ascending into the power of the Communist Party in China, in 1949, the laws in China felt a heavy influence as a result of the political philosophies of Mao Zedong and Marxism-Leninism (Diamant & Lubman, 2005). These are philosophies that the Communist Party subscribed to, and was also keen to have the people of the Republic of China follow. For the last two decades, China has embraced several regulations and laws from a number of international fronts (Head, 2009). This is especially the case in such areas of the economy as foreign investment, commerce, and regulations over securities. As we continue to witness reforms in the Chinese economy it is important to realize that the country has managed to borrow legal standards from a number of its partners in trade (Potter, 2001). In effect, this has resulted in enhanced efforts towards developing an establishment of confidence in as far as foreign investors are concerned, as well as the ability to make room for the wave of entrepreneurial capitalism that appears to have engulfed this nation. China’s legal system There is evidence of the existence of the legal system that the Tang d
Background of the Book The novel The Alchemist is one of the bestsellers by Paulo Coelho. This work is filled with symbolism and discourse on life, love, and spirituality. Obviously, the author conveys his own vision of how to grow spiritually through the image of a shepherd who wants to know alchemy and travels around the world. The plot of the novel describes the life of a young man who, due to his desire to study alchemy, ends up in different countries. The book ends with the shepherd finding the treasure, despite the beating, where he started his journey. Allusion in the Book One of the literary tools Coelho uses in The Alchemist is an allusion. This element is intended to reflect a well-known fact, event, or phrase by giving the reader a sense of the fullness of the story. The use of this tool by the author is observed at the beginning of the book to create a special atmosphere. At the same time, if the reader has limited knowledge and is not erudite enough, an allusion may be incomprehensible to them. In The Alchemist , this tool is perceived as an appropriate element to add to the mystery of the story. Allusion in the Essay In my essay, I also used an allusion by referring to the catchphrase of Shakespeare, who drew an analogy between the world of people and the theater. In my desire to reflect my thought about the permanence of human nature, I remembered this statement immediately, and I believe that many people can recall it, although they may not know it belongs to the authorship of Shakespeare. This tool was appropriate in my context and helped convey a specific idea in a more literary way. Personification in the Book Personification, as a literary device, is designed to give human properties to inanimate objects to enhance the effect of perception. In the example of the pyramids presented, this element is appropriate since it fully conveys the grandeur of the ancient architectural objects. This is crucial not to confuse personification with comparison because the former is associated with the revival of inanimate objects while the latter only compares similar features. Personification in the Essay Having once resorted to personification in my essay, I
Crimes are generally classified as misdemeanors or felonies. A misdemeanor differs from a felony in the severity of the crime committed. A misdemeanor is a crime that is not considered to be severe and which when committed does not cause any harm to other people. Examples of crimes classified as misdemeanors include petty theft or driving under the influence of alcohol. On the other hand, felonies are crimes considered to be too severe and which when committed cause grave bodily harm to other people. Examples of felonies include violent robbery, rape and murder. Due to the degree of severity involved, the punishment imposed on people who have committed misdemeanors is less serious and includes either a fine or imprisonment for a period of less than one year, or both. The punishment imposed on people who commit felonies is more serious and mainly involves imprisonment in a state or federal prison for a period of more than one year (Maurer and Smith, 2004). In some states, felonies such as murder are punishable by the death sentence. Criminal law is highly applicable in the healthcare sector chiefly because the healthcare professionals are in charge of the safety and lives of their clients. As a result, the actions taken by healthcare professionals can either have a positive or a negative impact on the lives of patients. It is therefore important for healthcare professionals to enter into a contract with their clients. A contract would not only protect the clients from harm but would also protect the healthcare professionals from any outcome resulting from negligence or violations of the contract on the part of the client. Maurer and Smith (2004) argue that, “the purpose of a written contract is to provide evidence of what the parties are mutually agreeing to do,” (p.132). Violations of the criminal law by healthcare professionals are quite common in healthcare organizations. A good example of criminal violation involves a healthcare professional who believes that his/her opinion concerning the value of a client’s life is more important and therefore decides to accelerate the death of a client suffering from a chronic illness. This action is considered by law to be equal to murder and is therefore a felony. Other laws that are applicable to healthcare professionals include laws that protect the vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly and the disabled. Healthcare professionals who violate criminal laws and professional contracts are subject to punishment either by the state board of healthcare professionals or by the state/federal government depending on the nature and severity of the offense committed (Maurer and Smith, 2004). Certain offenses committed by healthcare professionals such as mercy killing, incorrect diagnosis and negligent subscription of drugs can be grounds for the suspension or revocation of a healthcare professi
Introduction South Asians were the first Asian immigrants to arrive in the United States of America in the 19th century after the discovery of gold in California. The term ‘South Asians’ is a hybrid identity of the current Asian immigrants from the seven Asian countries that include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The termis used to bring a diverse population into a common pool of people who share identity through common economic and political history. South Asians got into the United States as a minority people vulnerable to oppressions from the locals based on their race, sexuality, origin, religion, and economic weaknesses. However, over the centuries, the group has gradually resisted oppression to become one of the contemporarymost powerful minority groups in the United States and other western countries. In addition, it has resisted the hybrid identity to demand individual identity all over the western countries, but mostly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Some scholars argue that South Asian Americans garnered their identity as they resisted economic problems, but this paper holds that inferiority complex fueled the multiple levels of negotiations and resistance of these immigrants to oppression in the United States. The multiple levels of negotiations and resistance After their emigration to the West in the 19th century, South Asians were vulnerable to oppression from the locals due to their economic weaknesses and general inferiority complex. South Asians viewed Western countries as land of opportunities, and thus a majority of elite people in the South Asian countries was attracted to the western nations as their countries already had economic downturns. The emigration of South Asian Americans from their countries is viewed to have been a mass movement of people as western countries received many people who exceeded the demand for labor at the mines and construction sites in the century. In late 19th century, already there was a great population of South Asian Americans that exceeded the demand for labor in the US. Hence, they felt inferior to the locals, which consequently rendered them submissive to oppression from the westerners. For instance, already many Chinese people had emigrated from China after the country experienced economic depression that rendered many people jobless, and they had already occupied areas where mining and railway constructions sites were located. Upon their arrival in western economies, the majority of South Asians population was exposed to further economic problems in a
Race and ethnicity are not necessarily inseparable from gang formation and gang crimes. Nevertheless, they are closely connected to this social phenomenon and addressing race and ethnicity would be beneficial for controlling activities of local crimes. From this perspective, there are several arguments, which would be helpful for supporting the statement that race and ethnic-specific strategies might contribute to solving the problem of gangs. First and foremost, ethnic and race-specific strategies might be valuable for gaining an understanding of the reasons for joining a gang. For instance, creating alternatives for youth with the focus on their background might prevent them from becoming involved in gang activities, which are commonly the only way of getting in touch with people of the same race and ethnicity (Walker, Spohn, & Delone, 2012). More than that, recognizing ethnic and racial specificities of gangs might be helpful for apprehending the frequency of some crimes, which are culture-specific. In this way, targeting them might as well contribute to addressing the challenge (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.). Finally, in some cases, it is racism that leads to the formation of gangs. It means the implementation of ethnic and race-specific strategies contributes to the integration of minorities into a community, thus minimizing risks of their crime activities (Walker et al., 2012). Racial and Ethnical Neutrality of Law Enforcement Strategies Based on the arguments provided above, law enforcement strategies should incorporate racial and ethical specificities. It means that neutrality should be avoided. Nowadays, the focus is commonly made on investigating the nature of crimes, not cultures (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d.). However, this approach is beneficial for reducing crime rates in the short run and does no contribute to solving the gang problem in the long run due to the existence of heavy stereotypes in the modern society. Therefore, neutrality aggravates the problem of racial and ethnic gap because of labeling and stimulating them to get involved in particular activities, which are sometimes illegal. Police Department Dilemmas There are numerous dilemmas connected to the issue of controlling gang crimes. The first one is related to the choice of strategies aimed at preventing youth from joining gangs. In this way, police departments might either select race-specific strategies or ignore the role of ethnicity and culture in gang activities. There is one more dilemma connected to this one. In case of choosing a culture-specific strategy, it is critical to train police department staff to deploy them properly. It means that police departments face the challenge of choosing what should be given preference to – collaboration and efficient strategy for minimizing risks of crime activities or saving resources (Pollock, 2014). Moreover, there is a dilemma of valuing social order and guaranteeing the s
As he lies dying, Enkidu curses the harlot, and then revokes his curse and blesses her. Do you think he was better off in his natural, animal, state, or as a civilized man? I believe that Enkidu was better off as he was a human, a civilized man. His first actions, as he dies, do not present him as a terrible creature. They are natural for a person who does not want to pass away and is not able to change the situation. Being an animal Enkidu carried only about himself, but as a man, he has found the most precious thing – real friendship. “Now Gilgamesh is your beloved brother-friend! He will have you lie on a grand couch, and will have you lie in the seat of ease, the seat at his left, so that the princes of the world kiss your feet. He will have the people of Uruk go into mourning and moaning over you, and fill the happy people with woe over you. And after you, he will let his body bear a filthy mat of hair, will don the skin of a lion and roam the wilderness” (Gibbs par. 1). Both Gilgamesh and Enkidu slay Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven, yet the gods decide that Enkidu is the one who must die. Why? The gods decided to kill Enkidu as they believed him to have no right to fight for the Bull of Heaven and kill Humbaba. His actions were considered to be interference with the gods’ will: “Enkidu’s fate is decided when he and Gilgamesh defeat and kill the monster Humbaba, and then kill the miraculous Bull of Heaven” (Mason 121). Compare the characters of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Who was the more heroic? Why? To my mind “heroic” deals with some deeds made in honor of goodness. Here, heroes are people who can do something extraordinary and almost impossible. I believe Enkidu to be more heroic, as Gilgamesh’s actions are more selfish: “I will kill Humbaba. The whole world will know how mighty I am. I will make a lasting name for myself” (Mitchell 137). Enkidu does everything for his friend, which appeals to me more: “Are you ready to leave? Or are you still afraid to die a hero’s death? …Enkidu listened gravely… At last, he nodded. Gilgamesh took his hand” (Mitchell 137). Review Utnapishtim’s story of the flood. What are the similarities and differences between the two accounts of the flood as presented in the Book of Genesis and Gilgamesh? These versions have lots in common. Both include the information as the gods wanted to kill people as they were too sinful, but chose a man to save creatures from all species from the flood. In both birds were set free to check whether the flood is over, and there is an opportunity to land. The disasters accrued in ancient times and were extremely severe. After the flood, the arks landed on mountains. The gods said they would destroy humans again. Among the differences in the shape of the arks, a rectangular ark was present in the Biblical story while in the Epic of Gilgamesh was a square one. In Genesis, the flood lasted for forty days, and in the story only six. Noah gaine