ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Characters and the author Written by Mary Romero and published by the New York University Press in 2011, the chef-d’oeuvre book, The Maid’s Daughter: Living inside and outside the American Dream, is a non-fictional book that highlights racial and cultural discrimination in the American society. The book’s title glints interest within me as I am interested in knowing how it feels to live both inside and outside the American dream. Mary Romero is a lecturer at the University of Arizona. She is an experienced author and she has written many books in the course of her career as a tutor, even though I have not read any of her other books. The book, The Maid’s Daughter: Living inside and outside the American Dream, is a historical study and it covers the history of a woman, Olivia Salazar – the daughter of Carmen – an immigrant working in the United States in the 1970s. The author explores the life of Olivia Salazar to illustrate mistreatments that minorities face as they try to settle in the United States. The author emerges as a perfect scholar from her style of writing. She is respectful, honest, and a good listener who allows the protagonist recounting the story to dictate the flow of narration. The author uses fictitious names, viz. Carmen and Olivia without revealing their identity for security purposes. However, this aspect does not stop her from relaying the intended message. Carmen and her daughter live in the house of Smith, who is Carmen’s employer in exchange for domestic chores. The two are the main characters in the book and their story features throughout the writing. Olivia Salazar finds herself in confusion as she tries to balance two cultures, viz. her mother’s culture and the American culture. Summary of the book As aforementioned, this book revolves around the life of Olivia right from her tender age through adolescence and later into adulthood. At a dreadfully tender age, Olivia abandons her family to join her mother, Carmen, in Mexico. She leaves her culture to start a new life with the white communities in the west. Olivia’s mother, Carmen who is a Mexican immigrant, works as a house help in Los Angeles. The story is composed after analyzing the life of the mother and the daughter for a period of 20 years. The story begins even before Olivia is born. In the first part of the book, Olivia’s mother is seen leaving Mexico in search of a job, which leads her to Los Angeles. The author analyses Olivia’s challenging life for over a period of 20 years. The controversy starts right from Carmen’s departure from Mexico leaving behind her daughter in the hands of a caregiver. Olivia thus grows believing that the caregiver is her real mother. In the book, Olivia calls the caregiver ‘mama,’ which means mother. The problem degenerates when Olivia later joins her mother in Los Angeles where she finds herself in the middle of two conflicting cultures. In the book, the challenges facing domestic workers in the United States are addressed. Olivia and her mother live in a small house assigned to them by their employer until Olivia is later secluded from her mother to be given a room in her Smith’s luxurious house. Carmen is cha
Provisions of Affordable Care Act (ACA) that intends to Reduce or Increase Directly the Quantity of Healthcare Consumed The ACA provisions aim at ensuring provisions of quality and affordable healthcare to all Americans. Some of the ACA provisions will alter the quantity of healthcare consumed. The first part of the essay is going to show how these provisions will alter the quantity of consumed healthcare. Under the quality and affordable healthcare for all Americans, there is immediate action to expand and preserve coverage. This provision allows citizens to identify affordable insurance coverage options hence enabling many Americans to access healthcare services, thereby increasing the quantity of healthcare consumed; for instance, the formation of a temporary program that covers early retirees under this initiative increases the number of health insurance policies. Moreover, the provision on the role of public programs increases Medicaid coverage to low income earners and children. Clearly, this provision increases the quantity of healthcare that the Americans will consume. The hospital readmission reduction initiative, which is under the provision of improving the efficiency of healthcare, is a move towards ensuring that majority of the Americans can afford the re-admission costs; for example, the payments for bone density tests assist both the healthcare providers and patients. In addition, development of new patient care models increases the quantity of healthcare consumed; many patients can be served at a go and even decide on the care model the health providers should accord them. Additionally, the provision to extend healthcare protections and services to rural areas enhances community participation in healthcare programs such as preventing chronic diseases thus increasing the quantity of healthcare consumed directly. There is also the provision that aims at improving access to innovative medical therapies and community assistance program. These two provisions work hand in hand towards providing services to the underserved community. Notably, the class program is an insurance benefit program for individuals with functional limitations in the society. The discussed provisions of the ACA clearly will alter the quantity of healthcare that Americans will consume after full im
Level of Biodiversity Currently, the Brazilian Amazon government supports the decline in deforestation on many levels. There are significant attempts at stopping the land owners from deforesting the Amazon’s territories. One of the most prominent initiatives that is focused on preventing the illegal tree cutting is the Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), the rural environmental registry. It demands all of the owners to undergo a certification procedure that evaluates the current state of the land that is used as private property. It also determines how much rainforest should be present in each area. Other than that, the biodiversity of the Brazilian Amazon is potentially rich due to a significant number of rainforest massifs. However, the current trend of deforestation causes Amazon to lose many habitats of different species. It is a result of a number of factors that occur when the deforestation is in full swing: a lesser range that species need to subsist, much less safe territories that are required to raise offspring, etc. To conclude, the biodiversity of the Brazilian Amazon is now balancing between hastily decreasing and steadily growing. If the activities of the local authorities continue to be directed at preventing further deforestation, a positive dynamic is most likely to establish. Deforestation and Its Effect on the Brazilian Amazon As is already evident, deforestation is a process of decreasing amount of territories that are covered by the forests. Being a harmful practice for nature, deforestation, however, offers a number of possibilities to earn money. These opportunities are presented in selling the cut wood and using the cleared territories to establish individual undertakings. The trend of resorting to deforesting greater areas of the Brazilian Amazon has steadily decreased in the last decade. The effect that deforestation has on the Brazilian Amazon is arguably the same that it has on any territory across the globe. The natural habitats of the local species are broken, and these species become endangered. The forest regions that are divided into small fragments begin to dry up and become unfit for the animals and humans alike. Therefore, it is only natural that deforestation has to stop which is why the local authorities pay a lot of attention to restoring the previous state of deforested territories. Paragominas’ Mayor Support and Fight against Deforestation To understand why Paragominas supported their mayor, Adnan Demachki, one has first to figure out why the mayor needed help in the first place. Paragominas, a municipality in the Brazilian Amazon, is a minuscule community of only one hundred thousand people that mostly moved in Paragominas because they were encouraged by the government to do so. They were emboldened to colonize the territories of the B
The Impact of the Economy Growth Rate on Unemployment Rates Unemployment rates will become lower in case economic growth in Africa takes place. This is explained by the fact that a variety of working positions will be created (Khapoya, 2010). African people are mostly employed in the agricultural sector, but with economical expansion, working positions might be established in industrial areas. This will become a very positive outcome for the African population because industrially based jobs offer higher levels of payment. In addition, such jobs have a permanent basis, but not a seasonal one (Eberstadt, 2010). Therefore, due to economic expansion, the population will receive a chance to be employed throughout the year. The Impact of the Economy Growth Rate on Food Prices The impact of the economic growth rate on food prices is very positive as under the influence of economic growth, more products and goods are produced, competition levels among enterprises are raised, and thus, the food prices go down to attract customers (Eberstadt, 2010). In addition, the prices for certain goods, which were artificially high due to their deficit, will become reasonable (Khapoya, 2010). The Impact of the Economy Growth Rate on Country Security The level of country security in Africa will become higher due to economic growth. This is explained by the fact that economic stability causes political stability. If authority is firmly established in the hands of strong, confident, and stable leaders, the level of country security raises. Citizens come to be better protected in such important areas as political stability, health care services, and educational services. In addition, economic stability results in lowering the level of organized crime (Binns, Dixon & Nel, 2012). The examples of many poor African countries show that due to economical instability, people there are pushed to engage in serious crimes such as piracy and kidnapping. On the contrary, if the local population in an African country enjoys economic stability, employment, and confidence in the future, the level of crime in it is insignificant compared to poor African countries (Mwabu & Thorbecke, 2004). The Impact of the Economy Growth Rate on Agriculture Industry The impact of economic growth on agriculture is ambivalent. On one side, economical growth will cause growth in the agricultural industry, on the other side, economical growth usually results in the development of industrial areas of production. Positive Outcomes for Groups in Society A decrease in poverty among the representatives of different social groups will take place as a result of economic growth, and its outcomes include the growth of employment
Introduction Acebutolol belongs to the class of beta-blockers called anti-hypertensive drugs. Medical researchers aver that antihypertensive medications such as beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics are causative agents of diabetes mellitus type 2 (Gress et al. 905). Additionally, numerous empirical studies have found a positive correlation between hypertension and incidence of diabetes mellitus with some professing that the two maladies overlap each other (Cheung and Li 161). Florea and Cohn state that heart failure stems from an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems with beta-blockers making the disease progress due to the inhibition of the sympathetic system (1815). The determination of whether or not Acebutolol increases the chance of hypertensive patients developing diabetes mellitus 2 is central to the ultimate management of heart conditions. Acebutolol: Mechanism of Action, Indications, and Uses Acebutolol works by obstructing β I adrenergic receptors of neurons in the sympathetic nervous system that regulates high blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the branches of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the unconscious activities of the body such as heartbeat (Dobre et al. 80). In particular, Acebutolol impairs the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters that mediate the functioning of the heart and the sympathetic nervous system (Florea and Cohn 1816). The blockage of beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart by Acebutolol prevents the binding of epinephrine or norepinephrine. The attachment of these neurotransmitters initiates a signal transduction cascade that leads to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which controls the fight or flight mechanism in the body. Ultimately, Acebutolol reduces the rate of heartbeat, which in turn decreases the volume of blood it pumps and the amount of oxygen it requires. The adverse reactions to Acebutolol are mild, and severity reduces with an increase in the chemotherapy period. These adverse effects include muscle aches, abdominal discomforts, dizziness, excessive fatigue, and diarrhea. However, experimental evidence shows that it also causes drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) (Muta, Fukami, and Nakajima 659). DILE is an autoimmune disease, which leads to severe complications, and researchers have speculated it to be involved in the development of both type II and type I diabetes mellitus (Itariu and Stulnig 192). The administration of selective beta-blockers by some physicians to asthmatic individuals is still a subject of medical debate. Doctors use Acebutolol in the treatment and management of hypertension, arrhythmia (anomalies in the heart rhythms), and chest pains emanating from angina. Arrhythmia is a severe disorder for it causes death to 50% of patients with car
Introduction Vlad Tepes (the Impaler) is a well know historical figure credited with brutally murdering well over 100,000 people by slowly impaling them in stakes stuck in ground. He is the basis for the blood thirsty legend of Count Dracula and as such this detail is indicative of the horrors he instituted during his 45 year reign (1431 – 1476) as ruler of Wallachia (located in the Balkans, present day Romania) (Florescu, 1977). Some consider him a monster while others think of him as a ruler that helped to stabilize a chaotic succession system rife with assassination, rebellion and brutal murder. It must also be noted that it was a direct result of Vlad the III’s brutal actions that invading Turkish forces were so horrified at the sight of thousands of impaled corpses that they often turned back due to fright, horror and disgust (Florescu, 1977). Not only that, during the reign of Vlad the III there was a certain degree of internal stability within the country, unheard of at the time, due to his brutal murder of thousands of boyars (noblemen/ feudal lords) who were actually largely responsible for the hundreds of years of internal instability within the country due to their constant infighting and backstabbing. In a way it can be said that there was a method to his brutal madness since in the end if invading Turkish armies had not invaded Wallachia en masse then it would have been likely that the country could have experienced a prolonged degree of internal stability free from infighting and rebellion. The Brutality of Vlad the Impaler Any paper concerning Vlad the III would be incomplete without a thorough account of his various brutal and sadistic actions that have the earned him infamy throughout history and the modern world. The most proliferate of his brutal actions was the impaling of live victims upon stakes, this was done by tying the victims feet to the back of a horse while a semi blunt stake with the top slightly oiled was placed either on the victims anus of on his/her back until it slowly immerged through the person’s ass out their mouth or through back, piercing the heart and coming out through the front of the chest (Florescu, 1977). No one was exempt from such atrocities; men, women and children were also recorded as having been impaled with pregnant women not escaping his barbaric method of killing with their unborn fetus often sticking to the top of the spear. While there are no official records as to the exact number of victims brutally murdered in such a fashion it is estimated that roughly 100,000 or more will killed through impalement. Other attrocities committed by Vlad Tepes are rife with accounts of dismemberment, skinning (removing the skin of a person while there were still alive), burning people alive, scalping as well as varied methods of regular torture (i.e. whipping, nailing hats to their heads and other similar accounts) (Florescu, 1977). It must also be noted that women during the reign of Vlad Tepes were expected to either be virginal before marriage, faithful and if a widow, chaste until her dying day. When some women didn’t comply to this standard their breasts we
The following is a brief investigation into the social life of the societies of Mali and Ghana kingdoms, revealing their similarities, differences and the possible causes of these differences and similarities. Similarities Justice is highly valued by the two societies of Mali and Ghana. In Ghana, the king adorns himself like a woman, with necklaces on his neck and bracelets on his hands, ready to address his audience. He listens to the people’s grievances in a domed pavilion where he is accompanied by the city governor and ministers among other people. The audience is announced by a locally made drum called ‘duba’ (Al-Bakri 79). In Mali, the sultan addresses the audience in the palace yard, where there is a platform under a tree. The ceremony is preceded by song and dance led by musicians of the land (Battuta 51). The need for the regular meetings is to enhance justice and the rule of law among the subjects. Discipline is administered to offenders in public, and this serves as a warning to individuals with antisocial motives. Another similarity is the great security provided to the kings. In Mali, the king’s arrival is heralded by soldiers and military commanders, and after he arrives, two goats are brought along, which ‘serve as a protection against the evil eye.’ The army of Ghana has over 200,000 men, to ensure maximum security to the king and all the people in the kingdom (Al-Bakri 80). Religion is another similarity between the two societies. Besides the security provided by the army, they also believe in a Super being for overall security. In Ghana, there are twelve mosques where the Muslims assemble for Friday prayers. There are salaried Imams who work there. In Mali, the Koran is read before the beginning of most ceremonies (Battuta 51). Security is important because it is a sign of the community’s stability and peace. The army protects the community from invasion by neighbors and enemies. The genesis of training the soldiers must have been witnessing of war or capture and seizure of other kingdoms around them. Differences While the Muslim religion is highly upheld and recognized in the kingdom of Mali, some people in the kingdom of Ghana practice paganism and idol worship. There is no single recognized religion in Ghana and everybody worships according to their individual preference. In the kingdom of Mali, Muslim is highly valued, even by the king. This is why the Koran is read in the ceremonies where he is invited. The sultan of Ghana attaches great value to gold and greatly focuses on making his kingdom richer. This makes him charge one golden dinar for every donkey-load of salt that is brought into the land, and two dinars when it is sent out (Al-Bakri 81). He uses gold to decorate his garment and his pets, too. The best gold is found in his land. Gold is his show of might and economic power. As a result, the kingdom of Ghana has a strong economic background and has been able to establish good relations with other communities through trade. In Mali, the king uses gold to decorate his musicians’ instruments and does not attribute any economic value to it (Battuta 52). He does not mention an
Introduction Coffee Planet LLC is based in the city of Dubai in the UAE. The company was established in the year 2004 and has been dominant in the UAE coffee brewing sector. The company has a very dynamic culture, riddled with rituals, symbols, and proactive organizational behavior. To survive and control a sizable share of the coffee brewing sector in Dubai, Coffee Planet LLC has endeavored to remain competitive through the non-competitive strategy of provocative organization behavior control and strategic negotiation. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review the organization symbol and ritual of the Coffee Planet LLC and its influence on the company’s organizational culture. Symbol Organization symbols are “visible, physical manifestations of organizations and indicators of organizational life. Symbols take on important meanings in organizations, meanings that are defined by cultural and social conventions and interactions” (Sylvia & Kowalczyk, 2008, p. 36). In the case of Coffee Planet LLC, the main organization symbol is the unity of purpose. Coffee Planet LLC has identified that the key driver of productivity is employees’ morale. It is revealed that engaged and productive workers are more likely to be creative and interested in their work commitments. Satisfied workers are more eager to create positive results in their work. This element has been embedded in the company’s unity of purpose symbol designed to create a culture of efficiency and support among the employees (Kelly, 2008). Coffee Planet LLC has demonstrated that there exists a complex network behind its formal organizational chart. The teamwork-based organization structure identifies the hierarchy of the organization structure to understand the complex network. It also provides myriad illustrations of the persuasive importance of problem definition within communication contemporary context (Appelbaum, Bartolomucci, Beaumier, & Boulanger, 2004). Also, the strategies of investigation, ramification, and elements of the problem definition are addressed in its chain of command. The symbol of the Coffee Planet LLC may be categorized as brand culture, corporation culture, and coffee culture. The company’s corporate culture has been proactive in promoting transformational leadership and constant staff motivation. The company’s organizational structure is characterized by servant leadership. Reflectively, servant leadership is characterized by the ability to demonstrate authenticity, value people, develop people, build community, provide leadership, and share leadership with a team or a unit in an organization (Bolman & Deal, 2013). For instance, the branches in Dubai have sales team managers who are servant leaders since their role within the sales teams are to proactively provide direction while participating alongside the team in making critical decisions. As a result, the company has experienced rapid expansion. Specifically, a business cannot survive without th