ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Among the fundamental inventions that have revolutionized the writing instrument industry is the ballpoint pen. This instrument which has a plastic casing runs ink on paper from a plastic reservoir thanks to a metallic ball that rotates within a metallic cavity. Of note, the ball is a metallic alloy of brass, a mixture of copper and zinc. This material is preferred due to the fact that it is corrosive-free, easy to model and it’s appealing to the eye. A suitable ink for this instrument should be particle-free, thick and slow to dry in the cartridge. As such, the ink (oleic-based) incorporates such materials as “dye, lubricants, surfactants, thickeners, and preservatives” (Peeler 64). The cartridge and casing are made from thermoplastics- high density polyethylene (HDPE). This essay explores the geological information of the raw materials, the processing steps and the environmental issues. With respect to the brass ball, its constituents (copper and zinc) are naturally occurring elements. Zinc is mostly found in the earth’s crust, and comes inform of mineral compounds or metal deposits. As deposits they occur as volcanic hosted massive sulphides (VHMS), carbonate hosted, sedex deposits or intrusion related. As minerals, they occur as sphalerite (ZnS), marmatite, calamite, pyrite or franklinite. Zinc is mined from open pits or underground, with metallic ores of sphalerite accounting for 95% of the available zinc ores mined. The ore is concentrated via a roasting (sintering) process at 900 o C, and as such, ZnS is converted to ZnO. The product is then fed into a hydrometallurgical process where the ore is purified and extracted using electrolysis method to obtain pure zinc (99.9%). This is stripped off, “dried, melted and cast into ingots” (Trebilcock 141). On the other hand, the most abundant deposits of copper are chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ). These deposits are classified as either igneous (porphyry) or sedimentary depending on the occurrence. The processes for recovering it from its ore involve a chemical concentration process (froth floatation) which achieves 98-99% copper, followed by a purification process which is done via electrolysis to achieve a pure metal. With the raw materials ready, brass is obtained from a mixture of the two, with copper dominating the composition (between 55 to 95%). The process involves melting (1,050 o C), hot rolling, annealing and, a final rolling to obtain a ductile and recyclable product. With regards to the ink, the basic component, oleic acid, is obtained from plants e.g. olive fruits and nuts. The remaining components are organic in nature, obtained from different parts of a plant. To process it, the components are mixed at different ratios, heated to enhance mixing before it’s cooled and hence ready for use. The HDPE is a petrochemical product obtained from a polymerization reaction courtesy of Ziegler process. The raw materials for the process include “aluminum triethyl, a metal alkyl, and titanium tetrachloride, an organometallic” (Carraher 7). All these components are mined before they are reacted to form a final product. Ethane, the main component in aluminum triethyl, is refined from natural gas. T
Mohammed Obaid Al Mulla, the CEO of the Roads Transport Authority, is one of those key persons who promoted the idea of a helicopter taxi to be realized in Dubai and prove its status of one of the smartest cities in the world. The concept of flying taxis is actively developed by the RTA, and it is also supported by the government. Only a few years are required in order to make self-driving flying taxis a reality for Dubai. A helicopter taxi is only one project among a range of initiatives and projects developed and realized by the RTA, and it is important to focus on Mohammed Obaid Al Mulla’s contribution to the progress of the transportation system of Dubai in the context of its development as a territory for innovation and technological growth. Mohammed Obaid Al Mulla said that his role in the RTA is in “helping the government and the state to move toward smart services and electronic services to transform Dubai into the smartest city in the world.” Thus, the role of the RTA “is to address the needs of people, such as residents, tourists and visitors in Dubai, providing them with a network of roads and transportation systems.” As a result of Mohammed Obaid Al Mulla’s activities, most road networks in Dubai are expanded, and the work of metro and bus transport is improved. Furthermore, all enhancements are based on the use of electronic applications and advanced tools. These improvements are in line with the global development of technologies. Mohammed Obaid Al Mulla does not intend to stop improving the transportation system of Dubai, and “future plans of the RTA are to build many roads, tunnels and bridges, provide many radical solutions to traffic congestion, and connect all areas in a smooth, easy and safe manner.”
Differences Between BCG, IE, and Grand Strategy Matrix: Axis/Dimensions The principles according to which the assessment is carried out can be deemed as the primary difference between the matrix types mentioned above. For instance, the BCG framework implies that the market share position and the industry growth rate should be compared to each other based on the analysis of four factors (“four quadrants,” i.e., question marks, cows, stars, and dogs). IE, in its turn, requires splitting the information available in a nice-cell display. Similarly to the BCG Matrix, IE allows using a schematic diagram as the means of arranging the existing information. However, the data that it needs is much more numerous than the one used in the BCG Matrix. Moreover, each matrix suggests different implications for the further choice of an appropriate strategy. The Grand Strategy Matrix, in its turn, suggests that the data should be arranged in four quadrants based on two primary concepts which are competitive position and market growth (Freeze 43). Therefore, when defining the difference between the frameworks mentioned above, one must mention the fact that the three approaches imply different types of data arrangement. Particularly, the areas that the frameworks above suggest to arrange information differ greatly in terms of their number and the order, in which the information is presented. As a result, each of the matrices drives the audience’s attention to different factors. Differences Between BCG, IE, and Grand Strategy Matrix: Content/Cells/Quadrant Although each of the frameworks mentioned above implies that the information should be placed in quadrants or cells, the content thereof is quite different. For instance, the BCG framework is aimed at evaluating the relative market share position of the company by using the cells identified as “dogs,” “cash cows,” “stars,” and “question marks” (Enz 19). The IE matrix, in its turn, addresses the internal and external factors that affect the development of an organization, in general. As a result, a variety of financial issues apart from the market share are evaluated in the framework. Also, the location of the actors in the quadrants of the model is defined by the implications that they have on the company. Finally, the Grand Strategy Matrix places each organization in one of the four quadrants based on the efficacy of the strategic position thereof. While the identified approach may seem similar to the one of the iE framework, the Grand Strategy Matrix focuses on the factors that define the s
Introduction I now view politics in many different ways. Because of the discussion we have had regarding politics, the political system, the relationship of sociology and politics, and even the economics of politics, I realized that politics affects all individuals, the society, the country, and even the very way that the populace lives. Politics consideration First, politics can be considered a form of governance. In this aspect, politics involves the leaders of the city, state, or of the whole country. There are prime ministers, presidents, governors, senators, mayors, and the likes. These are the leaders with whom the entire populace has entrusted to lead and govern the people. Politics, in this aspect, therefore is the system that upholds the laws and policies for the people and by the people. It is the system that unites the people. It is the system that represents the whole society, the people of the country. If the politics had some problems, it will then be a reflection that there is a problem within the country itself. Secondly, politics can be viewed as the people. It is imparted in our history that we have politics even from the very beginning. It was the people who initiated the first political systems that we just have developed and reintegrated in today’s modern times. Some of the modern people whose names can
Abstract Generally, the world remains surrounded by paper publications. However, people currently give minimal attention to the roles of print media and their significance throughout the history. Consequently, the present status and the future potentials of print media are unclear due to the emergence of internet and other relevant technologies. Observably, there is need to analyze the historical confluences between the print and internet media. It is important to analyze basic factors behind the dominance of internet over print media in the present century. In addition, the critical examination of varied approaches to enhance and promote the dominance of print media in the present society is also important. Observably, it is required to have a substantial research on the reasons behind the closure of most libraries and their incompetency. This occurs in comparison to the internet. Notably, the application of strategic management and marketing approaches can play a critical role in enhancing the performance of various print media within the present global society. The significance of the appropriate advertising mix cannot be ignored in this context. Furthermore, critical research has to focus on the interplay between the social media, TV, and the website. The impacts of the changes in the influence and popularity of print media on most company’s marketing approaches and competitiveness is also critical. These factors include some of the significant areas described within the paper. Introduction Print media are symbolized through various forms including books, newspapers, magazines, and newsletters among others. The media might also include advertising, memos and business forms. Globally, media have played
Introduction The maple syrup urine disease is a condition caused by the inability of the body to process certain amino acids. This results in the accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids within the body and the brain. This case report will focus on the causes, symptoms, effects, treatment as well as preventive measures. It will be based on the observations made on patients, an analysis of the symptoms, focusing on the observable and non-physical symptoms that can be observed from laboratory tests. Many individuals with the conditions were observed over a certain period, and laboratory tests were carried out to establish the causes, symptoms, effects and preventive measures. The case study was done to determine the type of mutation that occurs in the genes of the patients, resulting in this condition. It was also aimed at determining whether this condition is hereditary (Milunsky, 2011). Literature Review Various authors have written concerning the MSUD. According to some, this condition is hereditary; hence children from families that have recorded this condition are more likely to be affected, as opposed to those from MSUD-free families. This was determined by checking the accumulation of the amino acids
Introduction Romanticism and Enlightenment, as artistic and philosophical directions and styles in the history of the world’s thought, turned out to be the breaking points in the development of human society because they changed the attitudes of people towards their rights and freedoms. This change resulted in artistic styles and directions that became more human-oriented, and also in the sphere of political and social life. The brightest examples of the results Romanticism and Enlightenment brought o mankind was the French revolution and numerous reactions of other countries to this event when people understood that they could have more freedom than monarchs would ever allow them to have (Reiss, 2000). Thus, the current paper will focus on the political situation in the USA in order to analyze the Romantic and Enlightenment-based points in the policy proposals by the Presidential candidate’s John McCain and Barack Obama. Romanticism and Enlightenment Human beings came in their development from the acceptance of the institution of slavery up to the admittance of equal rights for both sexes and condemnation of racial discrimination. During the history of mankind such directions of human thought as theology, racism, Nazism, and many other opposite directions dominated the world outlook possessed by ordinary human beings at the same time being the tool for authorities to control their nations (Reiss, 2000). However, the development of mankind brought some unexpected, but on the other hand, natural change to the state of things. People were tired of being constantly oppressed by the church or royal authorities who exercised their powers without any regard for their citizens’ needs and demands. The ideology of the church was that people should obey the religious dogmas because it was said to them by God and no one had the right to violate this rule. The motivation of the royal power was that it had been given to monarchs by divine powers in order for them to represent the divine force on the Earth. So, people should have also obeyed and fulfilled all the orders and demands of their king or queen. Nevertheless, people believed in the state of things being natural for long centuries before the realization of the rights of every single person became clear to them. At this breaking point of the history of mankind, the works and ideas by such famous writers and scholars as Goethe and Rousseau played a crucial role. As far as those
Occupational therapist job In pacific North West, the psychiatry department requires an occupational therapist to work with them in Tacoma, Washington. The job is specifically within the sphere of acute-care facility. The job requires candidates who are incredibly dedicated and ready to provide both indirect and direct services related to occupational therapy. According to Healthcare jobs in the US, such services include, but not limited to, conducting assessments, initiating and providing necessary therapeutic interventions, planning group and or individual therapy programs followed by subsequent implementation of such programs (2008, Para.1). The successful candidates receive the mandate to work diligently executing their roles subject to the requirements of codes of ethics, as dictated by AOTA within their prescribed health care professional standards. The eligible candidates have the duty to provide services by deploying either consultative and or directly monitored services to patients. The credentials required for this job range from an occupational therapy degree to a degree from a higher institution of learning. For successful eligibility for this position, willing candidates must posses various skills. According to Healthcare jobs in the US (2008), the eligible candidate should also have acquired a certification form from the American occupational therapy (Para.2). The licenses of the applicants who posses Washington state license as well as permission to function as occupational therapists need to have an annual verification accompanied by a certificate from BLS. The concern that drew my attention is that, the job entangles working within a psychiatric organization, which poses incredible wealth of experience in its specialty. The organization even considers fresh graduates to fill this position. Experience is not something to cause alarm. Based on the level of experience, practical skills and or the level of education, the eligible candidate can raise the continuum ladder on his/her way to the advanced levels (Healthcare jobs in the US, 2008, Para. 2). As a result, improved remuneration follows automatically. Nursing Manager Health care jobs in the US (2008) advertised for job titled Nursing Manager Surgical Services in their website. The job lies within the skilled nursing care facility. According to Health Care Jobs in the US, the job requires credentials such as a bachelor degree and BLS for eligibility purposes (2008, Para.10). The candidate must also have basic computing skills, possessing two years of working experience, preferably in a managerial position. The job is particularly appealing to secure due to the numerous benefits offered, which range from competitive remunerations to recreational opportunities, which involve interacting and working in a large community of about 10,000 people. Interestingly enough, the position encourages fresh graduates to make their applications. The working environment is by itself lucrative as it encourages corroboration among the workers who are well knit into society with common objectives and goals tow
There have been conflicting views on how to re-unite the nation and deal with freedmen after the American Civil War. Some scholars were of the opinion that the government should guarantee every state in the South, a republican form of governance. However, according to Charles Summer, a radical republican, secession would result into destruction of statehood. On the other hand, Thaddeus Stevens and his followers had the view that secession could not result into re-uniting the nation but instead it could end up awarding undeserving status to certain states which had been newly created (Divine et al., 2011). President Lincoln who was the leader of moderate republicans started the reconstruction in 1864 with the aim of re-uniting and reconstructing the nation. The ten percent plan began its operations in some states but later faced opposition from the radicals. The republicans were for the view that in order to re-unite the nation, slave power and slavery had to be permanently destroyed. They further demanded that all kinds of confederate nationalism had to be censored. Moderates supported the view and concluded that the same could be easily accomplished if the Southern states ratified the 13 th Amendment and repealed secession in addition to confederate armies surrendering to the authorities. All this aimed at abolishing slavery and uniting the nation. After the assassination of Lincoln, President Johnson used moderate actions to re-unite the nation. He preferred favoring approximately 170,000 black veterans to vote, which he granted (Divine et al., 2011). This was due to the fact that white southerners were ready to pledge future loyalty for the nation. Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 on the other hand required the rebels to take ironclad oath. They had to swear by the oath that they were never soldiers of the Confederacy. On the other hand, Lincoln did not put much consideration in the past but instead made the voters to swear their loyalty to the established union. Consequently, voting rights of the freedmen was one of the key elements. This is because, while the radicals wanted the voters to swear by the ironclad oath which prevented all freedmen men from voting, the moderates held the opinion that all freedmen should be allowed to vote without the ironclad oath as a condition. Another view was whether to give blacks the right to vote in uniting the nation. The Northern states denied the blacks the right to vote in the newly established union. The radicals on the other hand argued that ex-confederates cannot be trusted and therefore they should not be given the right to vote. According to Divine et al (2011), Johnson and Lincoln felt that it was better for the black freedmen especially those from the army to be granted unconditional right to vote in the union. Lincoln was further opposed to the idea of giving voting rights to only individuals who very intelli
Culture can be defined as a pattern of meanings that are historically transmitted in any particular setting (Donald, M. 1991). With culture comes values that form the basis on which people act or are standards that can be used to determine whether they are living according to the expectations of a given society. On the other hand, cognition is the manner in which an individual interprets or comprehends information that he comes by (Donald,M.(1991). This paper seeks to elucidate how culture provides a context for one or more aspects of cognition. Every culture has tools that are used to establish a person’s mindset. Examples of these tools are words, beliefs, computers, and books. At birth, an infant is exposed to words that begin sinking in as he grows. Words are used for communication between human beings, and with every word is pegged some meaning. Learning requires the art of listening, reading, and talking. Children learn very many words through listening. Words are used following a certain pattern that the children also adapt and connect to make meanings (Cole,M.,Gay J., Glick.J.A.,&D.W.(1971). They learn more words from listening than from abstract sources and definitions. Cultural values do not only specify what should be thought about, but it also sheds light on what should be ignored (Donald. (1991), Another cognitive aspect that is a result of culture is intelligence. This is done by use of exams and test questions. These are tools that society uses so that intelligence is arrived at by looking at the difference in performance. A student with the highest marks is said to be the one who is more intelligent than the rest. Their people use the pattern that has been used over time, using exams and tests, to be able to establish intelligence levels. The cultural aspect comes in where people use an external tool to differentiate the different levels of intelligence. The environment is ever-changing and is one prerequisite for the development of cognitive ability. Information in such a changing environment is on the increase as people try to fit in and be accommodated by the changes. Cognitive ability can only take place where there is change and where there is a wealth of information. It, therefore, cannot exist in a fixed setting whose information is not much. The environment in which a person lives directly affects the cognitive aspect of the individual. This knowledge would be useful to me in trying to understand why people behave as they do. I would know what factors to look at so as to make the right conclusion or give a suggestion of the plan of action, for instance, what changes need to be made in order to curtail vices in an individual. Human beings go through different emotions and also have many thoughts. These thoughts and emotions compel people to take some actions that may be good or bad. Additionally, human beings have beliefs and have motives behind everything they do (Adam Morton., 2003). For example, a teenager may contemplate committing suicide because of a relationship gone sour or a mother thinking of procuring an abortion. I b