ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The hospitality industry is increasingly adopting green strategies as part of its corporate strategy. This need stems from the realization, among hotel owners, that they have a part to play in making the world more sustainable. Perhaps another key driver that is primarily responsible for this move is response to customer needs. Buyers, now more than ever before, are aware of man’s impact on the planet. Therefore, most of them want to purchase products or services that are eco-friendly. Hotel owners are thus meeting a need in the market by attuning their services to the tastes of eco-conscious buyers (Weaver & Lawton 1170). Investment in eco-hotels is a worthwhile endeavor because a vast market exists for the service. Consumers are willing to play their part in global sustainability. However, the degree to which they are willing to do it depends on their income bracket as well as the part of the world where they come from. Economic recoveries in a series of European and developed nations have caused more consumers to exercise caution in their expenditure. However, this has not dampened the spirits of high income earners. Luxury hotel consumers are some of the keenest consumers on green initiatives. Surveys conducted by Market Metrix in 2008/9 indicate that 20% of these guests believe that eco-friendliness is a high-priority issue. However, only 9% of the low income market felt that green strategies are critical factors in hotel choice. This proposal will this be catering to a group of buyers who can afford the service (Grigoras 18). Price is a leading barrier to the use of eco-friendly hotels. Many clients are willing to use such services only if the facilities do not place additional pressure on their budgets. A number of hotels have made eco-initiatives that do not add extra costs in the final product. As a consequence, buyers use eco-hotels if they cost just as much as typical ones. Therefore, the eco-hotel has an extra advantage over its conventional counterparts because it has something extra to offer is clients. The above surveys were carried out when the global recession had just occurred. Economic recovery is happening and this implies that more people will be targeting eco-hotels, Proof of a market for eco-hotels exists in other sectors. The philosophy of sustainable purchasing is prevalent in retail stores, company brands, product packing, employee choices and other aspects of consumer purchasing. Commitment to the environment usually runs deep, and those who hold such values place high demands on the sellers who supply their personal products. As a result, these individuals expect companies to take care of environmental issues in service provision. Buyers now wait for hotels to demonstrate this commitment to sustainability in their guest experiences before they choose it. Some countries like the UK and US are critical source markets for eco-hotels. In their households, most UK consumers buy 251 pounds worth of green items and this translates in 6 billion pounds worth of products. In the US, households bought 260 million energy saving light
Introduction Negligence is a failure or improper performance by an official of his duties as a result of an unfair or negligent attitude towards service or duties in office if this has caused significant damage or a significant violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organizations or the interests of society or the state protected by law. In other words, there is a term tort in jurisprudence, meaning a misdemeanor or offense that entailed harm and damage. When dealing with such cases, they use the idealized model of “reasonable person,” which means appropriate and adequate behavior that a person would adhere to in a similar situation to avoid the predictable risk of harm (Taylor & Elphick, 2019). However, here it is worth clarifying in more detail the line that separates actual accidents and deliberate delinquency requiring corrective justice. The Main Elements Malpractice is often highlighted in hospitals, among doctors, where the risks are incredibly high, and the cost of an error can cost someone’s life. Therefore, officials associated with such risks must exercise caution in every action they take, even when they are required to make quick decisions. The best prevention of negligence is the professionalism of a person whose mistakes manifest the human factor or health problems and not deliberate relaxation and neglect of any action required by the situation. The very moment of violation may not be noticeable at first glance or at first since the employee’s inaction may become a manifestation of negligence, or the consequences may be revealed later. In the latter case, it is essential to restore the cause-and-effect relationship to achieve justice and justice; otherwise, the likelihood of a deliberate mistake, even if not supported by the employee with any evil intentions, will increase. Consequently, the resulting damage should be assessed according to the actions that led to it. Below is an example from judicial practice and its interpretation is somewhat controversial situations, elements of negligence. The non-obviousness of the decision may be dictated by the interference of state values. For example, Miller v. Jackson describes a case where houses were built near the land where people had played cricket for many years. In the course of the games, the property suffered damage, which was recognized as a consequence of the players’ negligence. Nevertheless, the court ruled in favor of the defendant, who had to compensate for the damage caused. This decision was dictated by the fact that the game of cricket is a public interest, which should prevail over private ( Miller v Jackson [1977] 1 QB 966, 2019). The Policy Role The policy provisions in a malpractice tort are most often governed by domestic tort law. These provisions adhere to certain unspoken pr
Intelligent Tutoring Systems The information provided by Corbett, Koedinger, and Anderson (1997) is aimed at describing intelligent tutoring systems. According to the authors, these systems are designed “to engage the students in sustained reasoning activity and to interact with the student based on a deep understanding of the students behavior” (Corbett et al., 1997, p. 850). The desire to achieve a high-tech learning process based on the use of computer technology was voiced in the early 1970s (Corbett et al., 1997, p. 849). Over time, technology has evolved, and new opportunities have emerged to realize this goal. Many researchers began to put many efforts into developing intelligent tutoring systems and improve their work by introducing special operating techniques. Initially, digital models were rather primitive and could only offer students questions on certain topics. However, in the future, more advanced algorithms appeared in educational standards. Intelligent tutoring systems are commonly used in exact sc
Introduction Shakespeare has been credited for being a renaissance writer and has continuously been referred to as an Elizabethan playwright. In most of his work, Shakespeare has included the act of Renaissance with Hamlet being no exception. In Hamlet , Renaissance was introduced to the readers mainly through the way Hamlet contemplates death. Hamlet’s character is seen to be strongly associated with Renaissance ideals, and not with medieval times, as one could think. Typically, the Renaissance is considered as being the time during which learning and culture are reborn. This period is mostly associated with the European historical period in the Middle Ages between the 14th century and the 17th century (Shakespeare 167). This has been passed on to the modern literature work with the renaissance period going through a resurgence of philosophies that were characteristic of the ancient Greeks. This led to new interests being renewed in the classical work of arts. Most artists were compelled to go back in history and explore the work that had been done during the classical age, putting more emphasis on the form of human beings and the ancient mythologies portrayal. The philosophical movement that relates to ‘Hamlet’ is the Humanism Renaissance. This Renaissance focused on the man’s position in nature, putting him at the centre nature (Shakespeare 134). Renaissance Culture in Hamlet In ‘Hamlet,’ Shakespeare makes use of the Renaissance in a way that moves away from the beliefs accepted by the Christian’s afterlife. The Christians believe that it is one’s decision as to whether to end up in hell or heaven after death. During the Renaissance, death remained one of the main fears because of its widely uncertain and uncharted destination and not because of its godly vengeance. The death of Hamlet as the play ends indicates that though he was the definite answer to all the questions before him as he faced death, he was not in any position to give any assurance about his fate to the audience. In the play, Hamlet has reflected renaissance ideals in several other ways, but still, the concept of death remained predominant. This was seen in several scenes when he was always lurking below the surface. His actions while still in the world were the beginning of his fate after his death. Concerning nature, Hamlet considered himself privileged regarding other animals. This is seen when, after murdering Polonius and doing away with his body, Hamlet cryptically tells Claudius of the nature of the matter, making the living and the dead. Hamlet can be considered as being deracinated
Introduction Due to the complex nature of the contemporary organizations, it is necessary that a computer network be put up in place to ease internal in addition to external operations of an entity. Before the advent of this kind of a network, organizations used some crude means of communication and this created difficulties in coordination. Dunbar & Murray (2004) describe networking as a practice where at least two computers or other computing devices are linked together in an effort towards sharing data. He further asserts that computer hardware as well as software plays a significant role in networking. Usually, the classification or categorization of networks largely depends on three things which includes; organizational and physical extent in addition to the purpose of networking. The extent to which the different types of networking are used differs significantly with each other. Moreover, the trust level and access rights associated with each of them will differ. Among the most common classification of networks include; Personal area network, Local Area Network and Campus Area Network. Campus Area Network is the most ideal for a medical campus. As such, it is identified as a computer network constituted of Local Area Networks, which are interconnected, not only within a specific but a limited area as well. In such a network, all the equipments used in the network such as routers as well as the media for transmission, are entirely owned by the campus. In a medical campus, the network links several buildings owned by the campus. These buildings include faculties, the library and the residence halls within the medical campus (Dunbar & Murray, 2004). This article represents a proposal of a network acquisition as well as an implementation plan for a medical campus environment. This proposal is aimed at helping the top management of the campus to build a network structure that will be able to serve the several needs of the faculties, staff, students and a potential health care clinic. Personnel and student assessment of needs In a medical campus, personnel need networking as much as students do. The needs of these groups are diversified. Personnel needs File sharing There is a need to share information among the faculties and staff and this eases the hustle of going around gathering the required information from the source. Communication and Coordination To facilitate working together, people within an entity need to know what another person is doing. There
Introduction Leading Change is a book written by John Paul Kotter, a Harvard Business School professor and one of the leading scholars in the field of leadership and change, precisely, he talks about how best businesses can implement change. The book consists of 187 pages arranged into 15 chapters, these chapters are placed into three categories: Part I, Part II, and Part III. Each chapter handles a different stage towards implementing change. Leading Change was first published in the United States in1996 by the Harvard Business School Press. I chose Leading Change since the book is an international bestseller written by one of the best authors in business management. Having read one of Kotter’s books: The Heart of Change (2002), I was amazed by the depth of knowledge he possesses in how best to manage businesses towards change. Leading Change was a way of extending my understanding of the same subject. If the book’s title is a hint into the book’s contents, I expect to find useful information in managing and implementing change in an organization. With the ever-increasing need for businesses to effect change in order to remain relevant, I expect the author to give a methodical procedure for implementing change, and, in his trademark style, to provide numerous case studies of how businesses have succeeded by implementing change. Book Summary Kotter begins by informing us of the importance of change in every aspect of life, he mentions globalization as a major force pushing firms towards implementing change (Kotter, p. 10). He takes the long-established differentiation of management against leadership. From this comparison, we learn why Kotter chose Leading Change as his title rather than something like Managing Change for it takes leadership rather than merely management to steer firms through times of great change. Kotter puts forward 8 steps that are vital to effect change in any firm as outlined below: Establishing a sense of urgency In Chapter 3, Kotter discusses the first stage of effecting change and states that this stage requires a great deal of teamwork, a well-laid out plan, and a readiness to make sacrifices for others. The author posits that a high level of satisfaction and a low level of urgency are the two greatest barriers to effecting change. He further states that a number of firms face satisfaction despite having a highly intelligent and positive-thinking staff. Kotter provides nine strategies of overcoming satisfaction and emphasizes that an effective leader is required to turn these strategies into reality. Creating the Guiding Coalition Chapter 4 begins with an outline of the second stage of effecting change. Kotter states that in order to actuate change in any firm, strong guidelines are required. These include the right team of persons, high level of trust, and common vision are vital to the success of this process. Besides, a single leader cannot implement change by himself, it is his duty to pull together a strong team to assist him during the program. Kotter presents four stages needed to create an effective team and states that the most significant
That the UAE suffers from an acute demographic imbalance is a foregone conclusion given the self-evident statistics, which unanimously indicates that the locals are by far outnumbered by foreigners. It is estimated that foreigners make up over 90% of the population, a trend projected to keep going up with time. Consequently, this brings out a plethora of questions such as security, culture and identity globalization (Rapoport, 2011). The focus of this paper will be the security implications of having far too many foreigners and other issues that affect the nation. It is widely acknowledged that the role of foreigners in developing the economy, providing workforce and expertise has been instrumental in facilitating the region’s phenomenal infrastructural growth. Nonetheless, an extreme dependency on foreign labor and migrant workers have resulted into a situation where the local minorities find themselves faced with criminal trends from a foreign lower class (Turnbull & Wass, 2007). Many of the threats to the country’s security today were nearly non-existent before the UAE become the oil rich nation it is today (Al-Raisi & Al-Khouri, 2008). There are organized crime gangs that perpetuate murders and illegal white and blue-collar deals each year. In addition, the country is slowly becoming a hub for drug smugglers and all sorts of imported criminal activities that jeopardize the nation’s security (Al-Raisi & Al-Khouri, 2008). In addition, the fact that there is such a big population of foreign workers means that they have considerable power in numbers, and this can easily develop into a security threat (Al-Raisi&Al-Khouri, 2008). For example, in 2006, foreign taxi drivers organized a strike, which turned violent because they did not wish to pay penalties for traffic offenses. Construction workers who are also predominantly foreign sometimes stage demonstrations that are occasionally violent. Given that they have little loyalty to the host country, they are particularly dangerous. Such actions also have social and economic impactsbecome at occasionally the UAE is forced to conform to the laws and regulations of other countries. For example, some of the immigrant workers forced the UAE government to provide them with conditions like those that they had in their home countries even if the local laws do not recognize them. Capitulating to the demands of foreign workers has often been the most workable solution for the government since it does not wish to lose its main source of labor (Turnbull & Wass, 2007). However, it has also tried other initiatives such as making laws that allow westerners to exercise their freedoms such as wearing bikinis on public beaches. Although this has been successful in attracting more visitors, it has tended to fuel tension between the locals and “favored” foreigners. In addition, cultural integration has not come easy since many western and UAE customs do not rhyme. In
Background Finches are small songbirds that inhabit the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific. Although they have a common ancestor, the grassquit, the seed-eating birds show great diversity with regard to diet, beak size, and habitat (Irwin and Price 351). The ancestral species, thought to originate from South America, occupied different ecological niches on the Islands. Due to different adaptive pressures, the birds evolved distinct adaptations to help them survive in their environments, which has led to the evolution of 13 species that exist today. The evolution of the different species of the finches from a common ancestor resembles an adaptive radiation process. The birds show great variability in beak size and function. Due to natural selection, the beaks evolved differently to suit different feeding niches. A study done by Tebbich, Fessl, and Blomqvist found that two ecological factors, namely, “food availability and inter-specific competition”, influenced the evolution of the beak sizes (603). In this study, ground finches (seed-eating) developed stout bills to crush hard seeds after experiencing a drought that disadvantaged those that could not break thick fruit coverings. In this view, study aims to examine the finches because of their variable ecological contexts and evolutionary trends, as indicated by literature review. The finches form an interesting group for studying the relationship between beak and seed sizes due to the morphological diversity of their bills. The beak morphology of seed-eating finches is highly diverse. One species, Geospiza scandens , which feeds on cactus seeds, has an extended pointed beak while G. fortis , whose diet is mainly surface seeds, has a short stout bill (Tebbich, Fessl, and Blomqvist 599). The study will relate the seed sizes to the length of the finches’ beaks. Hypothesis The study aims to hypothesize the evolutionary relationship between the relative length of the beaks and the sizes of seeds that finches eat. Since beak morphology relates to function, the study will provide insights into the birds’ adaptive evolution in response to the feeding niches they occupy. As indicated, the cactus finches have deeper beaks than the ground-dwelling species that feeds on seeds dropping from the cactus trees. In this view, the study hypothesizes that small-sized beaks are adapted for eating small seeds while big beaks are suited for picking large seeds. The basis of the hypothesis is the adaptive radiation process seen in these birds, which indicates an evolutionary link between beak morphology and ecological conditions. The relationship between beak length and seed size among ground finches is an evolutionary one. Thus, in the finches’ evolutionary history, the feeding niche occupied by each species influences the evolution of beaks into different sizes. Thus, it is probable that birds that inhabited areas with small-seeded fruits evolved small beaks, which are suited for picking tiny seeds. On the other hand, some finches had to evolve deeper and stout bills for crushing large seeds. Thus,
Introduction Sickle cell anemia is a form of anemia, most commonly see in people of African descent. The physiological defect observed in sickle cell anemia is the tendency for red blood corpuscles to take up a sickle shape when conditions of reduced oxygen tension occur. A human gene mutation is the cause of sickle cell anemia (Korf 2000, p.17). Sickle Cell Anemia Mutations that occur can be of two types, which are point mutations that are caused by nucleotide substitutions and mutations that occur as a result of larger strings of nucleotides. Sickle cell anemia occurs as a result of a point mutation in which missense mutation leads to the amino acid substitution that has an influence on protein function. In sickle cell anemia, a change of A to T occurs in the B-globin that converts glutamate residue to valine (Primrose and Twyman 2004, p.91). This single point mutation converts normal hemoglobin HbA to HbS: B19Gln  Val. HbS/HbA heterozygotes are affected by a milder form of sickle cell anemia than in the case of HbS/HbS homozygotes. The surface of the red blood cell develops a stocky hydrophobic patch as a result of this mutation, which is normally interrupted by the polar Gln side chain. This causes the deoxy form of hemoglobin to form polymers that precipitate within the red blood cell, going on to result in deficits in functioning of the red blood cell and sickle cell disease (Lesk 2004, p.258). Sickle cell disease is an example of an autosomal recessive trait. Individuals affected by sickle cell anemia possess two hemoglobin S (HbS/HbS) genes by inheriting one from each parent. It is quite possible for an individual to inherit sickle cell anemia from parents who show no s