ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Classroom policies in a broad social sense are the function of society to prepare the younger generation for life, carried out by the entire social structure: family, school, religious organizations, the media, other public institutions, and educational institutions. In a narrower, pedagogical sense, it is a specially organized and controlled process of formation, formation, development, and socialization of a person carried out by teachers in educational institutions and aimed at personal development. Classroom policies are the transfer of socio-historical experience to new generations in order to prepare them for social life and productive work (Sabol, Ross, & Frost, 2019). Rules, as part of the educational system, create the conditions for the development of personality, its life formation, and self-affirmation. It is important to note that educating a student cannot occur without setting up strict and precise policies in the classroom. The rules for students in the school establish standards for student behavior in the buildings and on the school grounds. The purpose of the rules is to create a normative working environment in the school that promotes the success of each student, fostering respect for the individual and her rights, developing a culture of behavior and communication skills. The example of such policies:  1. Students strictly follow the established regimen and daily routine.  2. Students comply with the laws of school life.  3. Students follow the orders of the school’s administrative and teaching staff.  4. Pupils show courtesy towards school workers who care about younger students, and do not offend them, do not allow rudeness in relations with them and with each other.  5. Students persistently and persistently cultivate a culture of communication behavior, master moral qualities.  6. Students conscientiously carry out community assignments duties, take an active part in community service household and household labor.  7. Students observe personal hygiene rules, always neatly dressed.  8. Students cherish the property of the school, carefully treat both their own and other people’s property.  9. Students meeting with school staff greet them and use polite words in speech. 10. Pupils give way to adults, older students to younger ones. The purpose of classroom policies in modern conditions is the preparation of a professionally and culturally oriented person with worldview potential, the ability to professional, intellectual and social creativity, owning strong skills and abilities to perform professional duties (Reinke, Herman, & Newcomer, 2016). The integral expression of the whole set of components of the upbringing process is the educational system, t
The ten epistles are believed to have been the written thoughts and perceptions about humanity and the life of a Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu. They were penned around the sixth century when he was approached by a city guard, who saw that Lao may be leaving the city for good. Tao, then a renowned philosopher aside from Confucius, took his time to write the script that is widely referred to as the “Ten epistles”. That was the last that was heard of him by his statesmen, and it was his word and wisdom that has stood the test of time to be taught in classes to date. He had been angered by the political turmoil rocking his kingdom so he opted to leave. Lau and Confucius were mostly seen to engage in public arguments about humanity, wisdom, and the various aspects that govern human life. In these arguments, Lau almost always emerged as the winner except on some few incidences when Confucius outsmarted him. Even then, he was revered, feared, and respected thought the kingdom, and this earned him a place in their society. He curved a niche for himself due to his vast knowledge and wits and was one of the people who would be consulted in times of calamity (Derricks 16). One aspect that associates him and links him to his other native thinkers is his style of writing. His flare in using paradox, comparison, using antique quotes, phrases, and sayings, use of poetic styles to pass across his messages is unquestioned. Thought his life he advocated for a peaceful approach to issues and a gentle attitude towards everything his people came across. Lao’s writings’ are unique in that they touch on all aspects of life, both ancient and recent on matters affecting both individual and whole states. The thoughts and opinion passed over from then are still significant to the modern systems of government, since the wisdom has stayed on after the founders are long gone. In this article, therefore, we shall analyze some of Lao’s writings and try to relate them to the present-day gove
Sexual arousal Sexuality affects our feelings about ourselves as either female or male and typically develops as we grow through various stages of life. In this paper, I will explain sexual arousal and the various factors which work together to bring about sexual response. I will also explore the cause of a decrease in sexual functions (Rathus, A., Nevid, S., and Fichner-Rathus, L. 2005, p. 2). Just like other aspects of physical development e.g. increases in height and weight, sexual development is also significant for one’s health (Hill, 2008, p. 63). As we mature our emotions, perceptions, and needs continuously change. During adolescence the genitals; penis and testicles, vagina, breasts, and ovaries mature. Teenagers often find themselves attracted to the opposite sex or being tempted to try out sexual activity. Social factors and hormonal changes more often than not create a lot of pressure on many adolescents. It is during this time that many teenagers experience being loved and their first exposures to sexual touch and advances which too seem exciting. People are very responsive to what they see and even when touched and thus the brain is central to arousal (Kinsey, 1953 p. 18). At varying magnitudes, each of our senses affects our sexual experiences. Some people may simply be aroused by the sight of an attractive person. Drugs and Hormones influence the behavior that is expressed by each individual. Sex hormones produce sexual responses and control sexual desire. Two main hormones control sexual responses; in men, testosterone and estrogen in women (Hill, 2008 p. 34). Thoughts and body responses to sexual arousal are common and one needs not be embarrassed about such changes. However, the onset of these body changes poses a risk to adolescence in contemporary society. Unplanned pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, abortion, rape, and emotional stress resulting from the fear of consequences of such behavior form part of the dangers that one should have in mind and be prepared to deal with while making every decision. Lack of Sexual Interest Many people have sexual problems, persistent difficulties in becoming sexually aroused are referred to as sexual dysfunction. People affected by this condition may opt-out of sexual encounters for fear of embarrassment and failure to satisfy their partners. Persistent feelings of fear and frustration may follow which compounds the problem. In addition, physical changes such as weight gain may cause anxiety hence affecting sexual activity (Rathus, A., et al 2005, p. 493). Genetic and psychosocial factors for instance depression, stress, performance anxiety, and hormonal deficiencies may affect sexual interest. As men advance in years testosterone levels decreases which partly explains why sexual dysfunction is prevalent later in life (Wincze, P
Overview The article outlines findings of research that was carried out to document the perceptions and recommendations of police officers who are charged with the duty of safeguarding cyber security. According to the results, the officers have perceived roles in responding to the crime. It states that the officers believe they do not have the capacity to manage cybercrime. Moreover, it points out that the officers believe there is a law enforcement emergency that should have the responsibility of combating cybercrime. The report adds that the officers feel unacquainted with the skills of managing the new wave of crime. Further, the article stipulates that the line officers have no confidence in the current methods of fighting cybercrime. It records that the officers believe the country has not adopted effective methods of fighting cybercrime. In spite of a few limitations of the study, it has effectively put to light the urgent need for improvement in the security department. Description of the Research Problem Technology has fundamentally transformed the aptitude of criminals to engage in crime. Cybercrime has increased as indicated by various sources (Schell and Martin, 2004). Corporations and individuals commonly report the economic impact of cybercrime. Businesses lose billions of dollars annually as children continue to be victimized by the threat. In addition, the crime attacks critical infrastructural facilities such as hospitals, nuclear power plants, and water sources. In spite of these alarming attacks, there is no official statics of the number of attacks. A majority of offenders commonly remain at large. Victims do remain in a state of confusion since the internet permits cybercrime to transcend geographical borders and provide some level of obscurity. The senior police officers consent that the line officers must enhance their capacity to counter the threat of cybercrime (Moore, 2010). The officials expect patrol officers to respond to cybercrime just as they do in conventional criminal cases, explicitly as first responders who arrive and lock the scene, pull together evidence, and interview witnesses. The lack of statistics depicts that the line officers have achieved little success in carrying out these roles. Despite this, patrol officers are seldom interviewed to discover their preparedness, perceptions, and recommendations for improvement(Moore, 2010). The research attempted to address the gap and gather precise information. Research Methodology The researchers intended to understand what should be done to stop cybercrime from the vantage point of the officers in charge. In order to achieve this objective, the experts assessed patrol detectives from two southern cities in the United States. The assessment covered three themes, namely, the agency that the officers believe should be responsible for cyber security, perceptions about their capability, and recommendations for improving the social response to
Abstract Organizations must put control measures to protect their information systems from being accessed by unauthorized individuals. The top-level management of the organization must devise security mechanisms and policies. This enhances the effectiveness of such policies since it enables the organization engrain such policies in the organizational culture. Organizations also use other security mechanisms, such as passwords, that are secretive and recognize single users only. However, passwords are not fully effective in protecting systems from being hacked. Passwords can be guessed or tampered with to allow access by non-authorized persons. The best alternative for security is for organizations to adopt a combination of measures. The measures include use of passwords and security questions to ascertain authenticity. Security measures must be revised constantly to provide full surety to the organization that its data is safe from any interference. Introduction Information communication technology is increasingly becoming a critical aspect for integration in organizations and businesses. The technology increases reliability in performance and enhances the speed of communication within organizations. However, IT can turn out to be a big security risk for organizations. Access of data and other sensitive information about the firm by unauthorized persons poses a great danger to the organization and the closely held business secrets and practices. Thus, the issue of security for IT is important for all organizations to take charge and responsibility. This paper seeks to discuss how firms can develop information systems security and the necessary resources for information security. How to initiate information security policy Companies often employ a set of rules, practices, standards, as well as procedures to maintain security of their IT systems. This reflects an organization’s information security policy. An information system’s security policy requires proper drafting for it to be more credible. The development of a security policy on information acts as the initial step in preparing against internal and external attacks. Top-level management support is a critical factor in policy development. Administrators and users must receive education about the system to avoid bad judgments. An organization should incorporate its policy to be part of the organizational culture to get employees observe the information security policy. There are two major issues for organizations to observe when developing their Enterprise Information System. These include adapting the users to the system and getting the involvement of users through soliciting their input on ways of advancing the system. Developing employee awareness There is the risk of organizations losing their data and information to outside bodies. The first mechanism in averting such a crisis is by educating the workers 1 . Organizations can achieve this by using awareness-raising initiatives such as emails, mouse pads, pamphlets, discussion groups, and formal presentations. Employee awareness is the first step for organizations willi
Personification is the first feature of the Romantic Movement that the story illustrates. The emergence of the Romantic Movement during the early part of the 19 th century transformed how society perceives animals. Before the Romantic Movement, society perceived animals as creatures, which have no rational capacity. However, the Romantic Movement changed such a perception and made society perceive animals as creatures with human attributes. The story personifies nightingale because it illustrates her having human attributes. After all, she can sing and communicate with people. Travelers and fishermen have enjoyed the sweet songs of the nightingale and they have written books and poems about the beautiful bird. The court and the maid looked for nightingale and informed her about the request of the emperor. Nightingale agreed to come and sing to the emperor. Moreover, when the emperor was on his sickbed, nightingale visited him, sang a sweet song, sent away Death, and soothed the emperor. In all these actions, nightingale conversed with the court, maid, and the emperor as a human. Hence, personification is a feature of the Romantic Movement that is evident in the interaction of nightingale and people in society. Emotionalism is the second feature of the Romantic Movement that is apparent in the story. Humans in society and animals share emotions that their nature presents to them. In the story, there are instances, where emotions emanate from the relationship between nightingale and people in society. The first instance is that the maid confesses that nightingale sings to her daily whenever she feels tired. The song of nightingale soothes her because she makes her feel motherly kiss and become emotional. The second instance is when the nightingale sang to the emperor and made him shed tears of joy and happiness. When the emperor wanted to reward the bird, she objected saying that tears are the greatest reward because they have power. Thus, nightingale appreciates the emotions of humans and believes in their power as a worthy reward anyone can achieve in society. In this view, the story illustrates the feature of emotionalism, as an element of both humans and animals. Forgiveness is the third feature of the Romantic Movement that the story illustrates. Before the Romantic Movement, society assumed that animals cannot love or forgive. When the emperor requested the nightingale to visit the palace and sing sweet songs, she joyfully agreed to do so. Nightingale sang so well to an extent of making the emperor shed tears of joy and causing people to celebrate her in the palace. However, when the emperor received the artificial n
Transportation breakthroughs of the 21st century were one of the reasons behind rapid urban growth in Europe and North America. However, urban growth trends in the Old and the New World differed: in Europe, there were fewer suburbs, and cities occupied the majority of metropolitan areas. In the United States, on the other hand, there was a trend toward metropolitan fragmentation and urban sprawl: a term coined for denoting disorganized urban growth. Judd and Hinze explain that the main characteristic of urban sprawl is the emergence of micro governments on the local level 1 . The authors cite the 2012 US census that discovered more than 90 thousand local governments around the country 2 . Judd and Hinze state that the degree of metropolitan and governmental fragmentation in the United States is quite unique as compared to other urban-industrial societies. The classic urban organization with the central city and dependent suburbs was lost: what took its place was the so-called polynucleated metropolis. The question arises as to why urban sprawl needs to be controlled in the first place. Judd and Hinze cite many recent studies that showcase clear evidence of the negative effects of this phenomenon 3 . First of all, urban sprawl is taxing on the country’s economy: it is much more expensive to build and maintain infrastructure to low-density regions as compared to high-density regions. Secondly, constant commuting from the city center to suburbs and between suburbs means a higher carbon footprint and the pollution of nearby ecosystems. However, that is not the only downside of commuting: spending hours on end in traffic jams decreases people’s quality of life. They waste time and experience extreme frustration while trying to reach their desired destination. The extreme fragmentation of US regions makes it difficult to find and implement unified solutions. One of the reasons is the detachment of local governments from regional institutions. American suburbs are largely autonomous entities that have the independence to decide on taxation, expenses, lan
Stay-at-home mothers play a crucial role in the economy and their families, as they do household chores without payment. They prepare meals, wash dishes and utensils, clean the house and compound, do laundry, cleaning closets, go shopping, care for their children, and feeding pets. Many of the house chores they perform go unappreciated, as some do not give it the credit it deserves. I conducted a random informal interview to understand how it would cost households to employ housemaids to replace the parents performing the chores. They suggested it would cost families a minimum of $1500 per month, and even some house workers would demand a $5000 monthly salary. The interview made many appreciate the importance of mothers in the economy of a family. The home labor by the mother enables the breadwinner father to go to work, leaving her wife at the household. The father does not worry about who is taking care of their home. The money saved from not employing a housemaid can meet alternative needs within the family. Several perceptions contribute to the widespread belief that moms who remain at home do not work. An assumption of women holding a position of inferiority in society still exists (Odenweller & Rittenour, 2017). This ideology has created an interpretation in the minds of many individuals that ladies should remain at home and focus on duties. The cultural bias against some females in some communities has led to a stay-at-home policy for them. These women who stay at home performing house tasks have a significant economic role in helping families under financial crisis. It helps lower the financial burden that society entitles fathers to. Some cultures do not appreciate stay-at-home moms because of a perception that they are uneducated. It makes such societies believe such ladies cannot perform office labor. The community has placed more value on women who work in offices and degraded home-labor females. In conclusion, the economic role mothers play in their families has been assumed by many people. They perform many house chores which households would have spent a lot of money to employ house helps. The cultural bias and ideology that ladies hold a position of inferiority in society have made people think that these ladies do not work. Some of these womens’ roles have gone unappreciated because of the low education level the women have. They place more value on women who work in offices. The above meme photo is a funny reflection of the work that stay-at-home mothers get involved in. The stay-at-home mother is agitated after someone sarcastically asks what work she performs when she stays at home. I had initially thought that stay-at-home mothers do not perform many duties because of societal perception. The research in this module has helped me appreciate the work these ladies perform. Reference Odenweller, K. G., & Rittenour, C. E. (2017). Stereotypes of stay-at-home and working mothers. Southern Communication Journal , 82 (2), 57–72. Web.
In her essay, “Barbie: Queen of Dolls and Consumerism,” Amy Lin of UCLA ponders the social engineering mechanisms behind one of the most famous children’s toys – the Barbie Doll. In giving a historical review, the author argues that the emergence of Barbie was a logical succession following the dominance of the images of a mother and a housewife during the Baby Boomers’ epoch (Maasik and Solomon 72). The doll gave rise to a new female archetype – a hedonistic shopaholic with a dream life. While that was an alternative to the patriarchal ideal, Barbie could barely be considered a catalyst for a positive change. It taught girls that living happily and carefree meant consuming. After all, Barbie doll has always boasted numerous belongings, lush attire, and even real estate. One can readily imagine a little girl asking her parents to buy more clothes, bags, pets, furniture, cars, and houses for her doll to make her life “complete.” Throughout the last few decades, the Mattel company did everything possible to stimulate these consumerist tendencies. It launched dolls after beloved cartoons and movies, gave the Barbie different jobs, and made up captivating stories. In recent years, the manufacturer has been catering to the tastes of the public that wanted more diversity. It led to the creation of Barbies of different races, cultures, and ethnicities. However, as Lin points out, this tendency cannot be seen as progressive since it serves the same purpose that the Mattel company has always sought to reach – more profit (Maasik and Solomon 73). Thus, it is essential for the new generation to be critical about the Barbie phenomenon and reassess its attachment to the childhood toy and the impact that it had on their values. Work Cited Maasik, Sonia, and Jack Solomon. Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers . 9th ed., Macmillan, 2011.