ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This paper is meant to analyze the book The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality written by an economist Angus Deaton in 2013. As the author claims, revenue disparity among different nations has amplified over the last three centuries. Deaton gives the USA special attention, asserting that the extent of the nation’s disparity and its political troubles demonstrate the emptiness of the US claim of being a land of opportunity. The dynamics of disparity is particularly interesting. The entire disparity of revenue is neither realistic nor advantageous, but the outcomes of disparity may be extremely harmful. The work’s vital geographical and historical background stresses the power of the message. This work also offers a huge amount of smart statistical insights, causing the readers to imagine the cruel past, which the West has left behind. In this book, the author fundamentally doubts the effectiveness of foreign financial aid, and demonstrates how the part of the global poor people are discovered not in Africa, but in booming, yet fundamentally uneven, economies of India and China. Simultaneously, author’s thesis is generally optimistic: humanity has made crucial progress while increasing its welfare. In The Great Escape the author tries to tell the account of progress in profits and health during the past centuries. Through quite sincere preface, the author describe the experience of his own family to exemplify the book’s subject. The author’s father Leslie came into the world in a small village. However, he attended night school to turn out to be a certified civil engineer, and then convinced teachers to educate his son. Thus, young Angus and his sibling became the first children in the entire family to study at the university; nowadays, Leslie’s grandchildren live in “a world of wealth and opportunity that would have been a far-fetched fantasy in the Yorkshire coalfield” (Deaton Preface). Angus’s father lived into his 90 year, and as the author mentions, his life story is one of enormous enhancements in health and financial security as Leslie’s parents passed away too young from illnesses, which could be cured nowadays. Deaton uses the work of Robert Fogel in order to create his most significant point. He asserts that the influences of health and prosperity are self-reinforcing. If an individual experiences reduced nutrition, he can face a trap when his possible profits are cut as he is physically exhausted to work, but with no work he cannot buy high-quality products. At the same time, healthier people can work longer and more effectively, creating profits, which give them far better nutrition and wellbeing. Hence, better wellbeing and prosperity feed one another in this circle. Generally, the future that the author predicts is a bright one as life is getting much better. Humans are generally richer than ever before. In 1820-1992, the percent of humans living in extreme scarcity globally fell from 80 to 25 percent. The author treats the Industrial Revolution as crossroads in economic g
Introduction The significance of computers and subsequently computer software in modern lives is indeed unquantifiable. Teston asserts that software has become the building block of all major industries and as such, our very civilization (66). With this in mind, the issue of software piracy is of great concern since its impacts have a direct bearing on our modern civilization. Over the last two decades, piracy has become so prevalent in modern society and most people engage in it without hesitation. The Business Software Alliance defines software piracy as the “unauthorized copying or distribution of copyrighted software”. Pirating constituted copyright infringement and is therefore an illegal action punishable by law. While some people argue that software should be free for all in the first place and hence piracy is acceptable, others declare that piracy is tantamount to physical robbery. This paper shall argue that piracy is unjustifiable since it fails to respect the proprietary rights of the author of the software and results to losses to the software publishers and the society at large. This paper will raise arguments that demonstrate that piracy is unjustifiable all the while relying on authoritative sources. A case shall also be made in defense of software piracy so as to provide a balanced view on the topic. A brief discussion with will analyze the arguments forwarded will then be used to prove that software piracy is mostly detrimental. A case against Software Piracy Information technology has been the key driver of the US economy in the last few decades. The U.S. software industry has been a major player in the U.S. economy with the software industry contributing a substantial amount of revenue to the U.S. government. As a result of software piracy, MacDonald and Fougere document that the U.S. lost over a billion dollars in tax revenue in the year 2000. This figure has risen over the years as piracy has become even more pervasive therefore resulting in even bigger loses on revenue by the U.S. These losses are as a direct result of the significant losses in revenue that the software industry suffers due to software piracy. Software piracy therefore robs our government off the much needed revenue. The software industry employs hundreds of thousands of people in the U.S. As such, the mere existence of this industry contributes positively to the U.S. economy by providing employment to citizens who contribute to the economy by the taxes they pay and other consumptions they make. MacDonald and Fougere noted that software piracy cost the U.S. over 100,000 jobs in the year 2
Overview Larry Brownlow, a master’s degree student, resigned from his job with the view of acquiring more knowledge about his business idea. He wanted to invest in a beer distributorship business in Delaware. Therefore, he planned to apply for a distributorship opportunity at Coor, Inc. However, he lacked enough information about the market, and had to engage a research company to help him make a feasibility study before he could put his money in the business. The study was meant to test the potential of Coor, Inc. to carry out the distributorship in two counties within the region. He arrived at the conclusion to carry out the study due to his past experience with his family business. He had to carry out the study using $ 15, 000 before he could reach his 30 th birthday in order to start operating the business immediately he would reach thirty. He sought the assistance of Manson and Associates, who came up with a proposal from which he was supposed to choose the most appropriate research for his project. However, he found it very difficult choosing one since all of them seemed important. Diagnostic Several problems exist in this case. For example, Larry did not have enough time to study the research proposal in order to identify the most relevant study. Therefore, he had to leave everything for the research company. Secondly, he had limited time to make the decision. Precisely, he was supposed to meet John Rome in two days for the purpose of giving him his choice. The main problem was the actual selection of the relevant study. The proposal had nine studies, and all of them looked important. Some were needed immediately while others could be important to the business in the future. Larry found it very difficult to arrive at a particular study that would be more necessary compared to the other studies. Nevertheless, studying Coors market share estimates in the region is more important than other issues such as population estimates. The reason for this situation is knowledge of the market share helps project the likely outcome of its involvement in Larry’s business. On the contrary, using population estimates may lead to wrong projections since not everybody in the population will drink beer. Some people do not drink while others drink only some brands of beer. Analysis The industry is very competitive. Consumers go for high quality and tasty beer. Therefore, each company works hard to produce the required standards of beer. The main competitors in the industry are Budweiser and Miller. Their strengths include their ability to consider all types of employees, especially through encouraging the activities of unions. They also ensure that their beer is tasty and to the standards that customers prefer. However, their weakness is their inability to change with the needs of their customers. They do not know when their customers require
MANAMA: “The Saudi Telecom Company (STC) became Bahrain’s third mobile operator with the launch of a new company called Viva Bahrain”(“STC Launches new company in Bahrain”). Launch of a Saudi company in Bahrain depicts firm relationships between two nations. Viva Bahrain will be competing with established players Batelco and Zain.” STC is presently operating in Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Kuwait, Turkey, South Africa, Lebanon and Jordan” (“STC Launches new company in Bahrain”). The establishment will help in reinforcing global communications in Bahrain. Viva Bahrain will focus on reducing call rates and, facilitating easier technology for Bahrain. Telecommunications market in Bahrain is highly competitive owing to liberalization of this sector. Already established, state owned Batelco covers a major portion of the market. Zain, a Kuwait company, is another threat sharing mobile market in Bahrain. The main focus of all telecommunication companies now lies on Expatriates. All three companies have international presence and big infrastructure. Another aspect of this initiative could be STC’s response to Zain’s increasing customer base in both countries. Owing to competition from major players, Batelco has also moved to developing markets. There is less space for telecommunication companies in Bahrain market but, population alteration provides hope for new ventures. Bahrain” is also one of the better-documented markets in the region” (“Bahrain Telecoms Mobile and Broadband”) therefore scope for major customer share is limited. However, STC can work on its value added services to extract more profit and get a customer base in Bahrain. In any case there is less room and, attractive services become imperative for company’s survival. The country has “well-established regulatory authority” (“Bahrain Telecoms Mobile and Broadband”) and mobile market exploitation is more that 150%. Works cited “Bahrain Telecoms Mobile and Broadband”. middleeasttmcnet.com . TMCnet.com, n.p.4, 2010. Web . “STC Launches new company In Bahrain.” Arabnews.com . Arab News, n.p. 4. 2010. Web.
Patagonia is a retailer for activewear, and their products range from gear to sleeping bags and tents. Essentially, they provide all the necessary clothing and gear for activities related to nature. Patagonia is usually more highly-priced than other sports-related brands due to the fact that the materials and production of their products are of premium quality. Additionally, they are environmentally conscious and make sure their products are sustainable and durable. Currently, they are within the clothing and sportswear market. Though they do not sell all types of gear and equipment for outdoor sports, they do provide some essentials such as sleeping bags, blankets, and other usually textile-related products. Though they currently involve customers both interested in outdoor activities and eco-conscious clients, their pricing is not affordable for many. As such, they may be able to diversify their approach by creating lines of products within a more low-priced range. In order to penetrate the environmentally friendly and sustainable market, Patagonia can employ advertising and product creation that prioritizes the high quality of their products. For product development, it would be possible for Patagonia to implement more modern technology in clothing production while maintaining limited harmful by-products of the process. Patagonia is a leader of quality within the market of clothing and can add to the market development by collaborating with like-minded creators and firms. The most effective strategy is likely to be market development with the involvement of eco-friendly creators and firms. This is largely due to the fact that Patagnoa is respected by consumers and other producers alike due to their non-traditional approach and prioritizing of the environment and the customers (Deshmukh, 2021). As such, this creates an opportunity for Patagonia to effectively engage with the community that has constructed within their market in order to both develop their own products and the market as a whole. Work Cited Deshmukh, Rohan. “Patagonia’s purpose-driven Marketing Strategy.” The Strategy Story , Web.
Introduction In light of the new globalization, many companies have restructured their distribution models. In this regard, many multinational firms are increasingly embracing global supply chain systems. “Global supply chain management involves a company’s worldwide interests and suppliers rather than simply a local or national orientation” (Long, 2003). Therefore, global supply chain is likely to mitigate procurement expenses and purchasing risks. Since global supply chain encompasses numerous nations, it mostly exhibits myriad challenges which should be handled appropriately. “A company’s real core capability lies in its ability to design and manage the supply chain in order to gain maximum advantage in a market where competitive forces are changing” (Christopher, 2011). This paper examines how Sony Corporation has been approaching its distribution systems through global supply chain. Distribution Strategies Sony Company has two perspectives of approaching global supply chain. The first one is about formulating effective business corporation with distributors. This process is often governed by internal guidelines of Sony and the relevant laws. “The other approach relates to production processes and involves providing the necessary support to realize global supply chain from such standpoints as the environment, human rights and labor conditions” (Long, 2003). Specifically, Sony has extended its supply chain such that its distribution encompasses developing countries. This is meant to widen the market frontiers of Sony products. Procurement activities adopted by Sony Company are fair and transparent. They also endeavor to give equal opportunities to its competitors in the electronics industry. For instance, personal ties, aimed at personal gains cannot be forged by procurement agents dealing with Sony. “In addition to the quality of the products it delivers to consumers, Sony also ensures appropriate standards throughout its production processes from such standpoints as the environment, human rights and labor conditions” (Sony Corporation, 2010). A suppliers’ hotline has been created to facilitate the reporting of suppliers that contradict compliance policies. The company acts promptly on such reports after they have verified them. “With the aim of improving processes in the electronics industry supply chain, Sony, as one of the member companies, participate in the establishment of the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) in 2004” (Sony Corporation, 2010). Moreover, Sony has created a policy that aims at regulating its suppliers conduct. Hence, suppliers of Sony know its expectations, which are in line with the EICC code. Sony has encountered some constraints in its global chain distribution and they include the following. The global distribution channel of Sony has undergone significant re-modeling. The Yen has also been experiencing steady decline. This has partly impacted profitability of most Sony products. “In consumer electronics, the company was slow to respond to the vastly popular digital music product entries from Apple, such as th
Introduction The activities that occur in a given organization and the kind of products used by individuals and the organizations emit gases that have a greenhouse effect. The individuals and organizations need to be aware of the amount of emissions that they produce into the ecosystem through their activities and the products that they use. They need to adopt ways that can help in reducing such dangerous emissions. The greenhouse emissions produced directly or indirectly by the activities of organizations or individuals can be measured through a carbon footprint. The calculation of this carbon footprint by an organization is the fundamental step in the reduction of the emissions. The emissions of gases like Carbon dioxide, Methane, Sulphur hexafluoride, Nitrous oxide, Hydrofluorocarbons and Perflourocarbons are considered in the calculation of the carbon footprint. The carbon footprint is measured in tones of carbon dioxide equivalent. In this way, the emissions of different gases can be measured on a scale equivalent to a unit of carbon dioxide gas emitted and the effect of this unit on global warming. HTF General is an international hotel that has clients from within and outside the country. The hotel has facilities that are located at three different sites within London City. The hotel is served by more than ten suppliers of raw food materials from different parts of the country. It has to arrange for the transportation of these raw materials from the suppliers. Recently, the management of the hotel acquired another retail store that it uses to stock soft drinks. These are also distributed to other clients within the city. It also has some small poultry farm within the city suburbs. The hotel is developing rapidly and there is need to expand its facilities. Waste products that come from the leftover have also increased posing environmental challenges. The costs of fuel that the hotel uses in its daily operations are also high leading to high costs of production. There is, thus, an increased need to develop proper ways of waste product disposal. The management of the hotel should also use the sources of energy that have less adverse effects on the environment than the natural gas and oil that are currently being used for most of the activities. The components of a business’s total footprint The activities that a typical busi
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses different blood and heart diseases, for instance, coronary heart diseases, hypertension, rheumatic heart diseases and stroke. These diseases lead to deaths and hospitalization of patients. Biological Causes CVD occurs as a result of clogged arteries due to blood clotting, atherosclerotic plague and wandering clot or rupture of a brain artery. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), on the other hand, is a disease that results from disorders that lead to a reduction of blood supply to heart muscles (Fawcett, et al 2004). Cardiovascular disease occurs when inner layers of the artery walls grow thick and irregular due to the deposition of fat cholesterol among other substances. The thickening in the artery walls could cause chest pains or breathlessness (Michimi 2008). In most cases, the middle-aged individuals and the old are the ones prone to CVD. CVD could be accelerated by diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, smoking and physical dormancy. Some of these causes are, however, preventable (Wang 2006). Atherosclerosis is the pathological process during which atheroma, also known as lipid-filled plague, develops within the intima of large and medium sized arteries, including the coronary vessels. Macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells that accumulate these plagues making them rupture hence triggering platelet activation and thrombus formation. This further causes luminal obstruction and reduction in the blood flow leading to Coronary Artery disease, a composite of cardiovascular disease. Public Health Surveillance and Monitoring A research carried out by P.G Surtees and co-authors sought to determine the relationship between limited mastery (stressful experiences and negative emotions) to cardiovascular diseases. The research focused on 19,067 men and women aged 41-80 years, who had no previous heart disease or stroke cases during assessment according to scientists in Cambridge and the UK report (Acton 2011). The research revealed that a total of 791 CVD deaths were recorded up to June during media 11.3 person-years of follow up. In this case, limited mastery of life was linked with the increase in the risk of CVD independent of biological, lifestyle and socioeconomic risk factors (Acton 2011). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is said to be the most common cause of deaths in the UK causing around 94,000 deaths every year (Preedy 2011). One in five men and one in seven women will die from CHD in the UK each year according to British Heart Foundation report of 2008. Around 19 per cent of male and 10 per cent of female die prematurely due to the disease totaling the number of premature deaths in the UK to 31,000 as of 2006 according to the report (Preedy 2011). The report further showed a high rate of CHD in men than women. 4 per cent of men and 0.5 per cent of women have had a heart attack with over 60 per cent
Parker’s Back written by Flannery O’Conner is considered to be a prominent short story disclosing the combination of religious and private aspects of characters’ life. This story is rather symbolic; the author contributed her soul and great experience in this novel writing it during the last days of her life. This short story is regarded to be one of the most profound works of the author touching spiritual theme and religious aspects. The central theme of the story is the reflection of the biblical features on the characters’ actions and morality. The author managed to show how indifference to the religion can turn into deep belief in God. Parker, the protagonist of the story, depicts the features of the biblical concepts burning the tree and the tractor. It is a symbolic reflection of the Moses behavior. The tractor crash faced by the character resulted in the lost of the job. During the whole story the author underlined the fact that private life and religious side of the characters contradicted each other. Parker takes a great interest in his tattoos and only his back was free from it. The author stresses that Parker’s wife was a religious woman who cannot understand the behavior of her husband and his way of life. The analysis of the main characters of Parker’s Back proves that the members of the family described by the author are completely different in moral values and life vision. It is important to stress that the characters understand this fact and try to find something important in their relations which can keep them together. The readers have an opportunity to be involved into the religious side of Parker’s family life watching the biblical manners of his wife. To make the story more involved into the basic idea the author used a number of quotations from Old Testament used by Sarah. It leads to the contradictions of two different traits of character of Parker and his wife. Religious wife and anti-religious mood of the husband, who mocks Sarah’s belief being apart from the family, underline the contradiction of different aspects of life. The author showed the gradual change of Parker who tries to resist the existence of God but changes his view on this aspect learning a lot from his life experience. God Above! (O’Conner, 381) This statement was the only reply of Parker to the accident he faces. The depiction of the Christ on Parker’s back is the brought confusion and interaction of views to the family. “All the demanding eyes” of the tattooed Christ is above Sarah’s understanding of the religion. From the point of view of literal presentation the author managed to use a great variety of expressive means and stylistic devices. The metaphorical illustration of Christ who is depicted as a Man and God can be observed during the whole story. The novel abounds in imagery and images: thus, the case of Parker’s looking for a perfect biblical design of tattoo for his back or the case connected with the reaction of Sarah