ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Background Health management is a fundamental responsibility of healthcare organizations and authorities within communities. Due to multiple factors aggravating the current health situation in the United States, a vast assessment of communities is needed to improve the situation and handle the needs of groups that are deemed as vulnerable or disadvantaged—caused by myths associated with dieting and food choices, the levels of obesity and comorbid health issues such as high blood pressure increase the threat of diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and other health issues (Allender et al., 2015). The situation observed in Atlanta, GA, is particularly drastic, with dieting issues affecting approximately 29.63% of people (Georgia Department of Public Health, 2018). Acworth, as the community in the focus of this report, could use a redesign in its public health management. The focus of this paper is the analysis of health issues at Acworth, specifically obesity. To address the specified concern, one should facilitate the creation of educational programs to promote proper dieting. Community Acworth can be described as a rather advanced community in Atlanta. The population of the Acworth community is quite high, with the local authorities being focused on the unceasing development of the area and its residents. Since the population has been growing exponentially, the local government has been focusing on the expansion of manufacturing as one of the most prospective industries that will spur Acworth’s economic growth (U.S. Census Bureau, 2018). Therefore, the described environment can be defined as rather inviting for numerous opportunities. In addition, the welcoming atmosphere of the community makes the environment quite pleasant for its dwellers. However, the target community has not been efficient enough in its management of the Healthy People 2020 goals. The problem of obesity as one of the primary concerns of the target community deserves to be mentioned first (Georgia Department of Public Health, 2018). The specified health issue entails a large number of comorbid issues such as high blood pressure, CVD, and related health disorders, causing the quality of life in Acworth to drop. Demographic and Epidemiological Data The information acquired from the windshield survey indicates that the community under analysis can be described as rather well-developed, yet there are several constraints to maintaining proper health levels in the designated area. The current rat
Introduction Hunting remains a fundamental source of food for the Indigenous people. it has changed progressively to incorporate game conversation, imposed regulations, and the use of more efficient methods and tools. The survival of the Aborigines relied on their comprehensive understanding of the flora and fauna in their territory, the utilization of rudimentary tools and methods. For instance, the Martu Aboriginal people used blowpipes, arrows, bush burning, controlled anthropogenic fires, and prodding techniques to force the goannas and other burrows out of their hiding place 1 . However, these strategies have increasingly been replaced by significantly efficient approaches and tools, such as firearms for hunting large land animals and nylon fishing nets 2 . Despite the advancement of this source of livelihood, the need to regulate the utilization of natural resources, replenish the food supply, and maintain the land formed a critical part of the Indigenous peoples’ practices. Although hunting and gathering constituted a fundamental subsistence resource for the Aboriginals, it progressively integrated environmental management and conservation habits, protecting biodiversity and ecosystems. Hunting Among the Indigenous People For thousands of years, the Aboriginal people have used the environment for their sustenance, extracting their food through hunting and gathering. The wildlife continues to form a fundamental source of bush food obtained through a set of collection methods which have been characterized by continuous evolution. Notably, accumulating this wide variety of foodstuff required the utilization of an efficient, multifunctional skill technology, and a considerable set of practical skills. Traditionally, these communities hunted using rudimentary tools, such as spears carved from sharpened stones, small daggers, blowpipes, bows, arrows, snares, firetraps for smoking burrowing animals from underground, and calls and whistles to attract animals 3 . They hunted during the daytime along the trails in the wildlife or from canoes in the water bodies. Additionally, the Indigenous people utilized the assistance of hunting dogs and tamed dingoes to track, chase, and capture their targets 4 . However, in later years, firearms were integrated into the hunting practices as they sought more efficient means of food acquisition. The Aboriginals’ prey included lizards, fish, turtles, goannas, possums, bison, kangaroos, wild turkeys, emus, and anteaters. The Indigenous people had expansive knowledge about their environment, animal habitats, seasons, and forest ecology. They viewed animals as an integral constituent of nature fundamental to their survival. The hunting practices, although rudimentary and unsophisticated, ensured the preservation of the ecosystem and the regeneration of their food sources. In this regard, the Indigenous communities learned to harness fires skillfully to promote the growth of useful food plants and v
Introduction Even though the Internet has become the dominant media in the contemporary world, television and its products remain extremely popular among the audiences of all kinds. A number of massive social trends have taken place over the past couple of decades. One of the most important trends concerns the representation of the social diversity of the American population in the media, as well as the growing scope of themes and issues discussed on TV. This research provides a mixed analysis of both of these aspects, covering the products released within the last twenty years. In particular, ten of the most popular TV series launched prior to the year 2005 will be compared to ten TV shows launched after 2005 in terms of character demographics (among the lead characters primarily) and themes. To be more precise, the former aspect will be researched using the quantitative approach to determine the number of representatives of different groups of the population featured as main characters; and the latter aspect will be studied using qualitative methods. Literature Review As it was pointed out by The Guardian, when it comes to the representation of diversity, Hollywood casting choices are not very close to portraying the actual ethnic composition of the society in the United States (Julious, 2015). Many researchers have explored the dynamics of diversity representation on television and in movies and concluded that the film industry is much further from depicting reality than television (Eggans, 2016). In fact, the researchers refer to the phenomenon of lack of diversity presentation on TV as “media invisibility” of multiple groups of the population. Studies have been conducted in order to assess the level of diversity presentation in films, reality shows, TV, and cable series; they revealed that Hollywood remains dominated by straight white men not only as actors by also as film directors and TV show creators. In particular, the recent Hollywood Diversity Reports carried out by Ralph J. Bunche Center for African American Studies at UCLA cover a wide range of aspects and spheres in order to investigate how different groups of the population are shown on TV and in movies. These studies are conducted because the media have the capacity to produce a very powerful effect on the viewers and influence the way they identify in relation to the other members of the society and groups (Bunche, 2014). In that way, television shows, news, and films can be recognized as the stories told by a culture or a state about itself; accordingly, the invisibility of certain communities or their misrepresentation can significantly contribute to the further marginalization of these groups and individuals and to the development of harmful and dangerous stereotypes (Bunche, 2014). In order to demonstrate the level of minority underrepresentation on TV, Hollywood Diversity Report by Bunche (2015),
Human trafficking is a horrifying yet relatively widespread practice that has for centuries involved threatening, abductions, fraud, deceit, and coercion to recruit, transport, transfer, and harbor a person. The victims of human trafficking are then subjected to various forms of exploitation, usually economic or sexual. This paper particularly reviews the issue of human trafficking through the three lenses of the ethics triangle: deontology (rules-based approach), utilitarianism (consequences-based approach), and virtue theory (morals-based approach). The concept of invoking obligation is a fundamental principle in deontology that operates based on the rules of an accepted ethical code. The premise is that a good or proper activity complies with an obligation that may be determined via logic. Human trafficking is one of society’s greatest and fastest-growing illegal sectors, and it is consequently wrong from a deontological standpoint. As a result of the issue’s illegality, a deontologist will always observe the law and, as a result, will avoid or work to eradicate human trafficking (Burnor and Raley 300). A person who believes in the idea will make consistent decisions since such decisions will take into account one’s responsibilities, which may include commitments to other people or society. In terms of the rules-based approach, human trafficking is unethical primarily because it is illegal, which inherently implies its negative consequences for human society. The goal of utilitarianism is to achieve the greatest amount of happiness possible. According to the view, what characterizes good or right is an activity that gives the greatest number of people an immense amount of joy, or rather an absence of misery. Utilitarianism evaluates an activity based on its outcomes, not on how much it benefits the parties involved. Furthermore, utilitarianism makes an activity ethical if its initial consequences are negative, but its final effects are positive. As such, this approach leads to an objectively disturbing perspective on the human trafficking problem. It establishes that human trafficking can be in equal measure ethical and unethical, depending on whom a philosopher decides to focus. For example, sex trafficking may be beneficial in the long run since it allows sex workers to make money while also taking care of their necessities. It may bring joy and pleasure to the customer, as well as financial benefits to the traffickers involved. On the other hand, it is a negative since it takes advantage of a vulnerable, often kidnapped individual that can be seriously harmed and has the potential to severely sabotage family values within the society. In reality, this type of trafficking will damage much more people than it would benefit in any acceptable way, but the utilitarianism ethics theory does not follow this logic. Furthermore, another important com
Sliding bubble dynamics can be characterised by the effects of various forces that act on the bubble while it slides along the surface of an inclined plate. Figure 8 shows the force balance of a bubble sliding underneath an inclined plane. The most important factors that affect the fundamentals of a sliding bubble are the effects of surface tension, buoyancy, as well as drag. Buoyancy comprises several components out of which the x-module exerts a force that acts in the same direction as the surface of the plate. Consequently, the bubble glides. On the other hand, the y-module of the force of buoyancy exerts its force at a 90 o angle to the surface of the plate thereby compressing the bubble [1]. Fig. 8: Force balance on a sliding bubble. In general, when the bubble rises in a viscous fluid freely, the surface tension force attempts to maintain the initial spherical shape of the bubble while buoyancy forces the bubble to rise in the direction of the gravity vector. Drag forces exert their impact in the opposite direction of the motion of the bubble and are primarily due to adverse pressure gradients. Pressure drag increases with the bubble frontal cross section area and the rise or slide velocity. Theory of Bubble Attached to the Solid Surface The Static Contact Angle An expression denoting the static contact angle (θ s ) was first derived by a scientist known as Young in the year 1805. A static contact line is shown in the Fig. 14, which illustrates an interface between two fluids. Each interface has a constant surface tension. Fig. 14: Static contact line. The horizontal force balance yields the Young-Laplace equation. The static contact line is usually referred to as the three-phase contact line. The dislodgement of an immiscible fluid by a different fluid down a solid support is referred to as dynamic wetting. This phenomenon leads to the formation of a shifting contact line. The shifting contact line is a boundary whose position with respect to the solid support alters as time progresses. The resultant contact angle is referred to as a dynamic contact angle [31]. Figure 15 shows that the contact angle is a straightforward gauge of the ability of a surface to become wet. A contact angle that measures 0º shows that the surface is fully water-loving (hydrophilic), while an angle that measures 180º implies the surface is water-hating (hydrophobic). Contact angles that are smaller than 90º imply that wate
Introduction The novel Monkey Iceland by Paula Fox depicts life grievances and problems caused by the social relations economic structure of modern society. This novel derives considerable energies from a general modern skepticism about the possibility of an ideal society. Fox describes a destiny of a small boy, Clay, and his struggle to find a place in life. The author portrays that modern society resembles the oppressive societies of fiction in numerous ways. In order to analyze and evaluate the text, structuralism will be used. Main body Meaning is the main element of structuralism. The novel portrays that the modern economic system and economic relations can easily ruin a life of a middle-class family (Culler 43). The main character of the story is Clay, a middle-class boy whose father lost a job. Fox symbolically portrays: “Clay made up a story about a lost dog following him home, because he wanted to hear a voice, even if it was just his own” (Fox 13). This quote portrays that a feeling of loss is typical for the modern society and perceived as a natural one. The main plot of the book concerns events that ensue when Clay’s mother becomes pregnant and the family has kicked off the house. They have to sleep in a welfare hotel which “from the days when the hotel was a real hotel, not an ants’ nest of ugly rooms where people in trouble waited for something better–or worse–to happen to them” (Fox 5). In terms of structuralism, Fox portrays this state as natural and typical for a modern man. Fox symbolically portrays two opposite classes upper and low classes as the main structure of the society. The upper classes of this society seem to live well, with a variety of devices providing convenience and pleasure. Most citizens, however, live in abject poverty in rambling urban slums. The park, called “Monkey Ireland” is one such place where homeless people can find a place to sleep and have some rest. ox depicts: “They were not singing carols. They were shouting, “Monkey Island! Monkey Island! Where the monkeys live!” (Fox 77). Fox symbolically portrays that the homeless are perceived as non-humans compared to monkeys and wild animals. Individuals live very much in the power of large impersonal forces that exist beyond their understanding or even perception also shares a great deal with the depictions in many works of dystopian literature of manipulation of individuals by the oppressive economic system. Fox underlines the opposition between individual identity and social demands deal directly with the individual vs. society opposition that is probably the single most important issue dealt with by dystopian literature, though the structuralist approach does tend to suggest that the individual is largely a social phenomenon and that the two poles of this opposition, therefore, cannot be neatly separated (Culler 44). In terms of structuralism, the world is structured and is based on binary oppositions. The novel is also based on oppositions: past and present, middle-class position, and marginalized position. In short, literary language makes visible ideological
Introduction Context of Inquiry Researchers such as Harry (2008) and Bruder (1998) have highlighted the importance of family involvement in early intervention (EI). They say that the participation of parents in EI is vital in making sure that children have the necessary support needed in their education (Harry, 2008; Bruder, 1998). Families that are involved in early childhood education are also able to understand the link between what children learn at school and what happens at home (Friend & Cook, 2003). Studies have also pointed out that the relationship between school and homework is critical in promoting further learning and is an integral part of their overall development (Friend & Cook, 2003). The current study is linked to this assertion because it contains an investigation of the perceptions of parents towards collaboration with education professionals in EI. The findings of this study will help to extend early childhood education activities beyond the classroom. This way, children can have a more positive learning experience both at home and in the classroom. In addition, the contents of the study will be useful in helping parents to understand their children’s competencies and deficiencies in EI, thereby putting them in a strategic position of improving their confidence and learning abilities. Indeed, by understanding the perception of parents towards collaboration with education professionals, the gap that exists in parent-teacher collaboration will be minimized because the lack of synergy between both parties in EI has been of significant concern (Friend & Cook, 2003; Harry, 2008; Bruder, 1998). Therefore, the current study will provide a basis for which teachers would better engage parents in EI because by understanding how to communicate or engage parents, teachers would be in a powerful position of positively influencing the learning environment for children with special needs. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of parents towards collaboration with education professionals in EI. Scholars say that collaboration between different education stakeholders portends several positive effects on children with special needs (Trivette, Dunst, & Hamby, 2010). For example, these collaborative practices enable parents to develop parenting strategies that would improve the education outcomes of their children (Karst & Van Hecke, 2012). Notably, when parents and education professionals collaborate in EI, they are likely to understand children’s’ weaknesses and strengths and formulate strategies that would address pertinent issues in the learning environment (Dempsey & Keen, 2008). Rationale for the Study It is important to examine the role that collaboration plays in supporting successful early intervention because the law requires that parents and teachers should work together to improve children’s educational outcomes (McKenzie, 2009). For example, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) outlines the rights of teachers and parents in the education setting (Viviani, 2016). However, collaboration between teache
Mobile video is any form of commercially or privately produced video content displayed on mobile digital platforms. In this research case, the role of mobile video in student demonstrations globally is discussed. Additionally, it covers how mobile video is being used, how protesters bypass government restrictions on social media, types of the most popular content, and the latest developments in mobile video advertising. In student demonstrations globally, the function of mobile video is seen as “a high-tech response to a high-stress situation” (Chan para. 1). For instance, in Hong Kong, young protesters, mainly students, with smartphones could swiftly communicate and share mobile messages, including voices and videos, due to high Internet speed and wide coverage of mobile networks. Protesters relied on mobile videos to share images and live events through chat apps, such as Firechat, WhatsApp, and social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. However, the Chinese government blocked most of these apps in mainland China. Further, it was possible for thousands of protesters to heed mobile video messages immediately posted online and use them to organize protests across major streets, leaving police officers confused and outnumbered. Research has documented the role of the camera, and lately, mobile video, in protests (Meyer para. 1). “Just watch this video, and it speaks for itself. It tells you all you need to know about these protests”, said Johnston, as quoted by Meyer in the last paragraph . From this perspective, o ne of the elements that are not the same is how much media attention is now attached to the current student protests globally. It is observed that media attention both bears the impact of making it appear as if there is more happening and perhaps has the impact of making it be the perceived situation (Meyer para. 12). A cellphone is an important tool in these protests. Further, student protesters have mastered the art of live streaming of events and use languages that strive to appeal to the intended audience. Social media are self-a