ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
This paper is about teaching for exceptionalities, and it involves the creation of a strong lesson plan for a disabled student as well as a reflective analysis of how the program impacts the educational achievement of the child. Lesson Plan Student Description Age & Grade: This lesson plan was targeted on Liam Carson, a seven-year-old student from Herbert Hoover Elementary. Liam is a victim of mild traumatic brain injury sustained from a fatal head injury as an infant. This condition has been very traumatizing for the young boy, especially when it comes to classroom experiences, where multiple learning complications have already been identified. Strengths & Weaknesses: Liam has a strong passion for education, and can spell and write relatively well, regardless of his present state. However, his most significant weaknesses are in concentration and attention, memory, reading, and arithmetic reasoning. Preferred learning modalities: Learning modalities for this Liam would be based on auditory and visual. Learning objective The most appropriate learning objective here was to help the student regain his memory ability, which is essential for a productive and successful learning experience. Activity towards the objective This objective can be achieved through the integration of the learning modalities in lessons targeted on the learner. For instance, visual examples can be used to support verbal explanations, to help the student memorize the concepts in the classroom. Activity assessment Assessment of the activity would be conducted three times every week, whereby the memorizing capability of the student will be tested using the three learning modalities that include visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. In this regard, the learning abilities of the student would be tested using each of these modalities. Accommodations and Modifications   * Encouraging a non-disable student to act as a guiding companion of the student in classroom affairs   * Provision of more learning time for the learner   * Stressing on key points   * Simplifying complex concepts for the student   * Applying rhyming approaches of association that can be used by the learner to remember information   * Offering a simplified planner to the learner Assistive Technologies   * Small voice recorders to help the student remember things   * Talking clock and calendar   * Word processors that the student can use to input, store, and retrieve data Reflective analysis Students who have been identified with exceptionalities are associated with learning difficulties that would tend to limit their educational achievements at school. In this regard, it is necessary for professionals who have a role to play in the school life of exceptional students to come up with lesson plans that would be accommodative to all their learning needs (Tom, Edw
The classical period of Rome and Greek was notable for great monuments, art philosophy, architecture, and literature. The status of women of that time was not at all improvised, though there were great rulers like regent Queen Cleopatra of Macedonia of Epirus (Greece:344-30 B.C.E). They were considered inferior to men in all fields. In ancient Sumerian civilization, women were regarded as second-class citizens without power, prestige, or status. Men got control over the state, economy, administered the courts and schools, manipulated theology and ritual. Even if they worshipped women deities, they disregarded women in social status. Polyandry prevailed in most of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, but men were allowed to keep one or more concubines. But there had been a sea change in their attitude. Here, Harriet Crawford makes it clear when he says: “The Sumerians put the domination of men over women into law. If a husband died, the widow came under the control of her former husband’s father or brother, or if she had a grown son she was put under his control. A woman in Sumer had no recourse or protection under the law. A woman’s power, if she had any, was the influence of her personality within her family.” (The Sumerians, 1999). The classical period is believed to have started with Homer in the 8 th century. In the classical period of Greece, there was a large difference between the statue of women in the great cities, Athens and Sparta. The women of Sparta enjoyed more freedom than that of the women in Athens. Very strict coaching was provided for the men to obtain the power to defend their country and “Girls were required to run and exercise so that their babies would grow in strong and healthy mothers. To make them brave, Lycurgus ordered that occasionally the girls had to dance and sing naked in front of all the young men. Therefore the girls were ashamed to be fat or weak, and they were happy to display their beauty to such an appreciative audience. In their songs, the girls praised the men who were brave and strong, and they made fun of those who were weak and cowardly, so they sharpened the men’s love of glory and fear of shame. Thus the women of Sparta got a taste of higher feelings, being in this way admitted to the field of action.” (Plutarch). Women in Sparta wore loose garments and were given the freedom to take part in sports, in politics, and in the owning and running of businesses and farms. They even possessed forty percent of the real estate. At the beginning of 500 B.C.E. the women in Egypt possessed legal independence and from then on disposed of themselves freely. The system of monogamy existed during that time. Absolute equality of spouses was recognized in marriage. Strictly monogamous, the marital union was based on the mutual consent of the partners and imposed on the spouse’s identical obligations. With the beginning of the 26th dynasty (663-525 B. C. E.) and its centralized monarchy; the infidelity of the husband, as well as the wife, permitted t
Introduction The Bill of Rights is the name of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution, introduced by James Madison on 1789. It was a series of the articles, which establish certain rules, prohibit Congress to make any law and the federal government to deprive any person of his/her life, property, and, of course, liberty. It was James Madison, who offered the Bill of Rights in order to overcome the conflict between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Anti-Federalists were all those people, who opposed the Constitution’s ratification and claimed that the central governing authority of the American nation had to be equal and not more powerful than any sub-national state. The Bill of Rights may be considered as a document that partially satisfied the Anti-Federalist concerns: it did curb governmental power a bit, as the government could not deprive people of their freedom and lives independently; however, such points as taxes and war powers remained to be the same, and people had nothing to do but follow the established rules and be guided by their governmental authorities. Discussion Anti-Federalists and Their Purposes The representatives of Anti-Federalism were certainly against a centralized government, and hoped that the Bill of Rights would help to protect people against the powers of the elected officials. “Anti-Federalists clearly believed that defeating the Constitution required a multipronged attack and that communication with other opponents around the country was essential. They wanted both to influence those in other states and to learn what objections to the Constitution were raised at other ratifying conventions.” (Labunski 2006, 56) They were not satisfied because the Constitution really gave too many powers to the national government, and such government could easily maintain an army during peaceful period of time. Of course, the lack of the bill of rights played rather considerable role. (Levy 2001, 30) Anti-Federalists admitted that American people had already fought a lot in order to prove their rights and be free, and now, their own government just wanted to deprive them of all those rights and make them slavers again, under their own rules. Patrick Henry was one of the most known Anti-Federalists during the American Revolution. “If the American nation would ever find itself in danger, Patrick Henry said, he ‘would recur to the American spirit to defend us: – that spirit which has enabled us to surmount the greatest difficulties’.” (Edling 2008, 125) Henry was ready to some spontaneous actions in order to save his nation and help his people to be free and live in accordance with their own interests and
Characterization: The explanation of the four traits John Green’s book Looking for Alaska is an interesting piece of literature which contains the life of a group of youngsters in an Alabama boarding school. The book illuminates the difficulties encountered by the protagonist (Alaska) and outcomes inflicted by them. Analyzing the major character, Alaska, in this story one can see that the main construct of the story is to go deep down into the innermost problems that teenagers might experience in life. The four specific characteristic traits found in the story are as follows:  1. brave  2. determined  3. mysterious  4. happy Alaska is somewhat mysterious in her attitudes toward people and life. It means that she never reveals her real nature in front of others. Analyzing her nature Halter feels confusion and anxiety. She never gives convincing answers to the questions asked by Lara and Bonnie Kunzel (Green 67). Her mind is full of ostensive blames on love and death in terms of communicating with friends. Her destructive nature forces a reader to think about her mysterious nature. Lara often feels difficulty to understand her friend’s nature and Alaska’s silliness and braveness when she faces death creates fear to Lara’s mind (Green 73). She seems very happy in front of her friends. She appears very romantic when she reached her lover, and she also becomes very serious in front of others. Alaska is happy when one sees in her character a tendency to receive friendship. She enjoys her life as a romantic story. She always receives her fellow beings full of joy and satisfaction. Alaska never reveals her inner conflicts to others and she is highly conscious about other people’s happiness when they are talking with her. She makes different attempts to find out happiness outside friendship, but fails to reach out such state of mind. Being determined, Alaska gets another set of character traits described in the book. Throughout the story the autho
Introduction This essay critically evaluates two research papers related to the tourism industry. These two papers are “National marketing strategies in international travel and tourism” (Riege and Perry, 2000) and “Why people travel to exotic places” (Correia, Oom do Valle and Moco, 2007). The first paper uses qualitative research methodology to come up with marketing strategies while the second one uses quantitative research methodology to understand the motives behind tourism. Although, the two papers seem to be on completely different topics, both of them eventually address marketing-related issues of tourism. Research Question For Reige and Perry (2000), the choice of their subject was easy as their research found that several authors feel a lack of detailed work as far as a strategy in travel and tourism marketing and distribution is concerned. According to the author, travel and tourism is the fastest growing industry in the world and employs 1 out 16 employees worldwide, it makes sense to study marketing strategies that can help known tourist destinations attract more tourists. The paper fills this important gap in the study of tourism marketing and the authors explain in detail the reasons for choosing Australia and New Zealand. The authors attempt to develop a guide for marketing and distribution strategies for the public and private tourism organizations in Australia and New Zealand. The strategies are aimed at the tourists in UK and Germany. The paper by Correia, Oom do Valle, and Moco (2007) attempts to answer the question of why people travel to certain exotic locations. In the paper, they try to understand the motivations for going to a tourist destination and how the travelers perceive the tourist destination, as they try to answer the question. The paper attempts to find answers to these questions by carrying out surveys among outbound Portuguese tourists. The two papers attempt to answer completely different questions, but they both can help marketers develop suitable marketing strategies for the countries studied. While the first paper sets out to come up with marketing strategies, the second paper is more interested in the motives, which can then be used by marketers for forming strategies. Proposed Methodological Approach Reige and Perry (2000) propose to use the qualitative research methodology. In an elaborate justification for using the qualitative research methodology, they explain that since strategic travel and tourism marketing is not a well-understood phenomenon the qualitative methods will help them understand the strategies currently used by marketers, and based on them they can formulate a universal marketing strategy for the UK and German markets. The oth
Appendicies Balanced Scorecard The balanced scorecard refers to the strategic planning and management system that is deployed widely in business institutions, as well as governments with the aim of aligning business operations to the vision as well as strategy of the organization, enhance internal and external communications, and examine organization performance in terms of attainment of strategic goals. (Halbleib, Wormington, Cieslak & Street, 1993). Rich Picture A rich picture refers to the process of finding out how to solve a problem situation and depict it through cartoon-like diagrams which are the initial mental representation of the situation. The mnemonic “CATWOE” is effective in helping one remember with ease the elements of the rich picture: customers, actors, transformation, worldview, owner, and environment. The rich picture is characteristically developed before the analysis stage (Mingers, 2001; Dinesh & Palmer, 1998). Below is a simple example of a rich picture, exhibiting CATWOE essentials for the process of making coffee: Swot Analysis SWOT analysis refers to a strategic planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses/limitations, opportunities, and t hreats involved in a project or in a business venture. It entails explicitly specifying the objective of the business venture or project and determining the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective (Ranch, 51 1979; Stubbs &Diaz 16, 1994). Swot Analysis For Dairy Crest Strength By virtue of Dairy Crest being among the leaders in the field of dairy products, it can only mean that its reputation in the market place is a good one. This can be considered to be one of the strengths of the firm. When customers hold the products of a company in high regard, it can only mean that the company’s products are of a high quality hence the resultant reputation (Travis & Venable, 45 2002; Holt, 56 1999). When customers like ones products because they are of a better quality, it implies that this particular organization will enjoy the lion’s share of the market provided it maintains the high standards of its products. Its competitors will have a hard time trying to eat into their market share as the firm will have established itself firmly (Howard, 1993; Turoff, 1975). The other benefit that a firm can derive from having a good reputation is that its expenditure on advertising its products will be on the lower side since its products are well known in the market (Kelly, p.87 1955; Holt, 2000; Von Baeyer, p 88 2002). This will be beneficial to the firm in that the resources that would have been deployed towards advertising the firm’s products would be channeled elsewhere like in research and development thereby enhancing the quality of its products while at the same time saving on costs (Checkland, p.669 1983; Machol, 1980). Technological factors Dairy Crest offers a wide range of dairy products to its customers.
Introduction Given the nature of how technology changes, it is wise to invest in upgrading a system to a newer system in the market to increase the efficiency of office work. This proposal aims at encouraging users of the old Microsoft system (Windows XP) to upgrade to the new version of Microsoft Windows 7. The new system has better features and protection that are not offered by the old version of Microsoft operating systems XP SP1, SP2, and SP3 or even Vista (Ricciuti 67). This program has been developed by Microsoft to further enhance and add value to the already existing operating system, Windows XP. Windows 7 is generally used by desktops, laptops, and media center PCs. This operating system was developed and released to the market on July 22, 2005, with its formerly known name Longhorn (Ricciuti 24). Its size is slightly above 2.0GB, and it is available on the Microsoft website for download and licensing. In comparison to its predecessor, Windows XP, Windows 7 has several helpful additional features. They include an updated graphical user interface, a visual style known as Windows Aero. It also includes specifically designed and developed multimedia tools which include inbuilt internet explorer 8(IE8), windows DVD Maker, networking audio, print and display sub-systems. In general, Windows 7aims at increasing the level of both local and wide area networks (LAN and WAN) using peer-to-peer technology. Additionally, Windows 7 has version 3.0 It is also important to mention that the operating system has features that improve its security levels unlike Windows XP, which has been largely criticized because of its security system’s vulnerability to malware, viruses and buffer overflows (Durham 28). Although these improved features are impressive, they are what make Windows 7 less compatible with existing computer hardware. The high requirement specifications and expensive. This aspect has become the major downfall of the call to upgrade, as most people did not upgrade their systems but preferred Windows XP and versions of Linux over upgrading to Vista. However, despite all the criticism, its usage has increased especially because of its ability to access the internet at a high speed and its well-developed end-user graphical interface. (Ricciuti 45). Background Upgrading operating systems from XP to Windows 7 will not only increase the efficiency of the office wor
Introduction While operating in the fast food industry, companies have to analyze the external environment before they make any decision. This involves the social environment, competitive environment and the legal environment. A company that does not take care of its market will lose its competitive edge. The external environment determines the strategies a company will use to secure a sustainable market share. For instance the price strategy is usually determined by a number of factors such as the number of competitors in the market, the availability and costs of raw materials and the existent product substitutes in the market. The perceived value of the product by the people is also a big factor. (Barlon and Kimuli 2006). Other important considerations in the market place are the need for product adaptation, distribution channels, discounting pressures and market growth. (Doole and Lowe, 2008, p.371). Every market is unique. In this paper, we will look at the major fast food companies and the strategies they used to penetrate in different foreign markets in the face of different global challenges. Global Challenges Ethical and Health Challenges The fast food industry has been facing various ethical challenges even as ethical. Research conducted in several countries shows that people are becoming more and more obese and unhealthy. There have also been concerns with the advertising strategies of the fast food companies such as McDonald. In order to deal with the tough competition in the market, the company started offering toys together with meals (Hunter, 2002). The toys were for characters in the latest popular TV or movies at the time. This caused the company to get a larger market share in the children’s population in comparison to the other companies. However as time has gone by there has been growing criticism of the adverts with the company being accused of enticing children to eat unhealthy food (Tanner, 2006). The McDonald Company faced legal challenges when a parent filed a suit saying the company uses toy giveaways to bait children during “Happy Hour”. The company in order to maintain a positive image in the eyes of the consumers will have to adopt different advertising strategies. The fast food companies have to develop strategies to deal with the changing consumer perceptions and preferences. Recently there has been a wave towards healthy eating. The McDonald Company in 2003 started strategically to offer healthy fast food alternatives to people. In the campaign there was the option of the consumers taking milk and apple dippers instead of the usual fries and the soda. There were healthy salads that the company introduced for the consumers to take with salads. The adults who are health-conscious were supplied with the options of salad, bottled water, a pedometer and even a pamphlet detailing information on walking and staying fit. The McDonald Company has introduced fruits and other low fat options over time. The company partnered with the fit