ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The term spam is used to refer to the unwanted email messages that are passed over to the receiver through the internet. Such messages may be distasteful, deceitful or sent by error. The spam is not just targeted to specific individuals. In some instances, there can be guessing of the email addresses and the addresses may be obtained from which ever the source and the receiver may not have the knowledge about this. Any person can be a target of spam (Anon 1). Summary of the case Several companies do encounter this problem (of spam). For instance, the employees of the Pier 1 Chain Company were spending a lot of time clearing spam from their email boxes each day. The whole email system became a major problem at a time when spam formed a bigger proportion of the total number of email; about eighty percent (Case Study, Para 1). More so, another company known as the Charter communications, which is the fourth largest television and internet cable company suffered from the spammers. The company handles more than 150 million email messages each day. The spam comprised of more than fifty percent of inbound email. This spam brought about a nuisance to the customers. Another example comes from the First Banking Services Company. In this company, the employees use desktops to offer the main data processing services in the United States, specifically in the southeastern region. This company is linked with several partners and most of its email messages have large attachments. Here, spam has turned out to be a major problem. Statement of the problem The manager in any of the organizations where spam is a major issue is faced with several problems. For instance, due to spam coming on the increase, the employee productivity in the Pier 1 Company suffered greatly. In the effort for the company to overcome this problem, it used a key ward filter but this system did not succeed since it blocked legitimate messages with words that had double meanings. More so, in the Charter Communications Company, the spam created a nuisance since it reached the customers inboxes together with viruses. Following this, it implies that the managers of these companies as well as other companies that are encountering the problem of spam are faced with the challenge of dealing with this problem in a most effective way.
Vishal Thakkar, a New Yorker living in Tulsa, Oklahoma, got divorce in 2006. The divorce lowered his self esteem and he decided to “do something selfish” (Thakkar). He made an appointment to see Angelo Cuzalina, who happened to be the 2011 President of the American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery. Thakkar decided to get a rhinoplasty to bring up his self confidence. After the first surgery he was suffering some breathing problems that was causing him to have problems exercising and sleeping. Between 2006 and 2007, Thakkar had eight surgical interventions before returning to New York. On 2011, Thakkar went back to Tulsa for more surgeries. He was put to sleep in order for the surgeon to work on his nose. By the time he woke up his nose was completely gone. Dr. Cuzalina told Thakkar that “there was an infection” (2011) and since he was on the table he had to make a decision. Since this incident happened, Vishal Thakkar has been covering his face with medical masks. His self esteem is now on the floor. Thakkar stated “ There is no way I am going to live like this. It is worse than being dead”. Experts have divided opinions about whether or not enhancement plastic surgeries should be performed so openly. History One may think that aesthetic surgeries are procedures that has recently started to be performed to help patients to boost their self esteem, but in reality these kind of interventions have been performed since the year 800 AC in India. According to Charles Tipton, Professor of the Department of Physiology at the University of Arizona, “Ancient India used skin grafts for facial reconstruction”. This procedure was an innovation used by Sushruta. Charles Tipton refers to Sushruta as the father of Surgery. Sushruta wrote several texts related to surgical interventions. For several centuries, India was well known for its reconstructive surgical methods. Joseph Carpue, a british physician, spent 20 years in India to learn their methods. According to hematologist and medical journalist Stephen Lock, in 1815, Carpue was the first person to perform and succeed to do a rhinoplasty. The plastic surgery revolution occurred during the Civil War. According to R. Backstein, B. Sc. and A. Hinek, M. Sc., as a consequence of the war, many soldiers were disfigured and Dr. Gurdon Buck performed 32 plastic operations to reconstruct the soldiers faces. Gurdon Buck is now considered the father of modern plastic surgery. On 1920, the American Society of Plastic Surgery was founded by Dr. J. Maliniac and Dr. G. Aufricht, as stated on the website of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. By 1930, the ASPS was able to create the American Board of Plastic Surgery, which role is to license physicians that qualify and meet the requirements to practice as plastic surgeons. The ASPS continued to grow and in 1946, Dr. G. Aufricht launched the first edition of the Journal of Plastic and Reconst
The concept of totalitarian regimes emerged especially in Europe between the two world wars. Totalitarian regime is in essence a form of contemporary dictatorial government whereby it aims at dominating in all societal aspects in an attempt to control all or most phases of public and private life of its population. The regime does this mainly through the use of the state’s propaganda, terror and inflicting fear in addition to using technology such as media. Totalitarianism attempts to manipulate the thoughts, beliefs, and views of its population by teaching them the value of their bodies more than their brains. It is worth noting that different totalitarian governments have different social and political ambition. The chief totalitarian states that cropped up between World War I and II were the Soviet Union spearheaded by Stalin, fascist Italy under Mussolini, and Nazi Germany headed by Hitler. This section of this paper will attempt to compare and contrast totalitarian regimes of Germany and the Soviet Union. Some of the similarities included having a party. The two regimes had one political party that normally suppressed all the others claiming to represent the interest of the vast majority of their population. In addition to that, both had ideologies such as Nazism and Marxism which were to be official doctrines to be observed by all. Furthermore, the two totalitarian regimes had only one very powerful leader in that; Hitler in Germany and Lenin and Stalin in Soviet Union. Other similarities between the two regimes included a centralized economy, controlled communication as well as use of excessive force to the opposition. On the other hand, the two regimes had slight differences. Notably was on the issue of ideologies. While Hitler of Germany believed in the ideology of Nazism, Starling of Soviet Union believed in the ideology of Marxism. Additionally, while the Marxism Soviet Union discouraged private enterprise, the Nazi Germany allowed it. Thirdly, while Nazi ideologies rejected all the traditions of the 19 th and early 20 th century, the Marxism Soviet Union accommodated them. Holocaust was basically an ideology or a system that was sponsored by the Nazi regime with an aim of persecuting and murdering the Jews who lived in Germany. The Germans felt that they were racially superior and deemed the other races an inferior and threat to “German racial community.” This was contradiction with the objectives of the enlightenment which was committed to compassionate human ideals, cosmopolitan citizenship as well as the spirit of tolerance. The legacy of world war II The aftermath of the World War II brought about mixed reactions from massive casualties to rising to superiority. To begin with, it is said that more than 50 million people died in war and that then war had the largest migration of
Introduction In a nation where everyone has the opportunity to make something out of life, it is a puzzle why many Americans are in prison. In the Information age where a person has access to more knowledge about the folly of being involved in criminal activities and the negative impact of having a prison record, it is a mystery why there are still many who opted to lead a life of crime. The high crime rate continues to challenge social scientists and psychologists to find a way to prevent or at least curb the crisis. But since the modern age, many have attempted to not only discover a method preventing crime but also to find out the root-cause of criminal behavior. There are various theories dealing with the causes of crime but for this study, two major theories will be discussed in detail. The first theory that will be analyzed is a subset of an environmental theory of crime causation which is known as the social structure theory. This theory asserts that the social environment plays a major role as to whether a child living in such conditions will grow up to be a criminal or not. The second theory that will be analyzed is a subset of the biological theory of crime causation which is known as the extra chromosome theory. This theory asserts that the extra chromosome in the genetic make-up of some individuals is the main reason why they are prone to commit crime. Background The claim that there is a high crime rate in the United States of America is supported by the following statistics. In a study of US prisons in the 21 st century, found out that, “In 2003, 22 states and the federal prison system reported operating at or above capacity. The federal system was estimated to be operating at 39 percent, and overall the state systems were operating at 14 percent above capacity” (Clear, Cole, & Reisig 2005). This simply means that an increasing number of people turning into a life of crime and that the federal government is running out of facilities to rehabilitate them. Michael Jacobson the former Commissioner of the New York City Departm
Introduction The development of international business and the fickleness of the global market have increased the need to for organisations to initiate proper foreign exchange risk management strategies. When companies trade their products and services in the international markets and/or receive payments in the form of foreign currencies, an adjustment in the exchange rates leads to the risk of reducing companies’ income. For instance, in1997, the East Asian bloc revealed how a volatile currency exchange rate can influence trading. Most companies and investors found it difficult to cope with the radical exchange rate adjustments. Being the most vulnerable state with respect to global trade, Malaysia suffered a huge loss. Any Malaysian businessperson who exported products to India faced huge losses because of the tremendously depreciated Rupees. These risks are frequent in the global trade and finance. Most international investors have opted to stay away from the international business because of their inability to tackle the foreign exchange risk. Thus, companies that seek to utilise the global market must be aware of risks that they are exposed to and/or learn to manage them. This paper critically analyses the risk implications for international businesses with reference to money management and foreign exchange risk. Description and Types of Foreign Exchange Rate Risks Foreign exchange rate risk refers to the impact of unanticipated exchange rate adjustments on a company. It translates into an express debit due to the evident vulnerability or oblique deficit through a company’s currency movement and property. To overcome the exchange rate risk among multinational companies’ activities, the businesses should determine the risk they are susceptible to and the means to prevaricate it (Tóth 2014). Foreign exchange rate risk affects firms that have transactions in more than a single currency. Their customers in foreign countries do their payments using the respective countries’ local currency. Other firms are also indirectly affected because they heavily depend on imported items and services. Foreign exchange rate risk should be controlled particularly if influences the rate of a firm’s profitability. In instances where other key activities of the firms are more than the monetary services, the company should then strive to ensure that its key activities are not susceptible to foreign exchange rate risk (van der Laan 2013). Exchange rate risks often occur in three forms, namely transaction risk, translation risk, as well as economic exposure. Transaction risk comprises the effects that the exchange rate has on the committed cash flow. According to Sribunnak and Wong (2006), the risk entails the degree to which foreign exchange values influence individual transactions. These risks i
Introducing Business Process Pizza Map: Pizza Making Process Business Process Improvement: Revised Process Map Report: Business Process Improvement Strategies A business process involves a series of subsequent tasks and decisions aimed at optimization of work within an organization (Graham, 1996). What is more important is that employers recognize the necessity to introduce constant changes into the business process to improve efficiency, increase demands, and meet the organizational goals (Graham, 2004). Regarding the above-presented assumption, pizza production and orders have been considered as Jaguar Café to define the business production and provide possible business process improvements. Specific emphasis will be placed on increasing the quality of services promoting customers’ satisfaction. I could track the production process of a hot pizza by ordering one by myself at Jaguar Café. When the order was received, it was submitted to a chef cook who starts preparations. Further, he checked up the ingredients and made the topping for the ready piece of dough. The ingredients were topped gradually: first tomato sauce, cheese, and other ordered ingredients. Then, the pizza goes to the oven. The final order went to the packing department or the waiters. Regarding the business process, pizza ordering is associated with three major aspects: order submission, order processing, and receiving payment. All these aspects are presented on my business process map. Overall, the process seems to be clear and efficient, except for several nuances. In particular, the process fails to include concepts increasing customer demand and satisfaction. At this point, the revised business process map involves the concepts of researched tables for regular customers, or for those who order pizza at home. It can be concluded that a well-documented flow of tasks can contribute to better planning and organization of work. Specifically, the pizza production process has been presented to analyze each step of production and define the opportunity for potential growth and development. To increase profitability and consumer demand, the café managers should introduce a higher quality of order processing stage. Besides, corporate responsibility imposed on the service should be taken into higher consideration to meet the customer’s demands and sustain a competitive advantage. Reference List Graham, B.S. (1996) Process Improvement. The Ben Graham Corporation. Web. Graham, B.S. (2004) Business Process Improvement: The Devil’s in the Detail. The Ben Graham Corporation. Web.
Introduction The story depicted by the film ‘The Guest worker’ begs the question; what would make a person leave a happy family back in their country and come to work in a foreign place, especially in conditions that are not that friendly? Immigration of workers especially from Mexico to the United States is such a common phenomenon and it gives rise to a variety of questions that beg for answers. This paper will deal with the issue of guest worker programs, how and when they started; the effects they have on domestic workers; how the program affects unauthorized immigration; and finally how different policies are to be considered with such programs present. Background The story of farm workers dates back to as far as 1909, when the first agreements were signed off (Levine 6). After the Second World War when cheap and free labor was required, another agreement was signed in the year 1942 and it lasted to the year 1964 and this is what is called the ‘Bracero program’ (Levine 6). In the year 1952, the H2-A program was started, even before the ‘Bracero program’ ended, with the purpose to recruit foreign workers for a seasonal time (Levine 6). In later times, the H2- A temporary visa program was established in the year 1986 in order to regulate the numbers of laborers coming into the United States, which requires both the laborers and prospective employers to meet some specific requirements and also to ensure that the work force in the United States is not undermined (Levine 2). Don Candelario pays to be part of the program in order to avoid being an “undocumented worker” which of course led to his previous arrests. The need for a Guest worker program The Guest workers are normally brought from their home countries to provide their services and are then taken back without necessarily becoming citizens of the U.S. (Guest worker 6). Don Candelario has been one such regular visitor year in year out as he comes to work in the U.S. farms since the year 1960. The reason the local farmers resort to them is the cheap labor they offer (Guest worker 7). It is reported that farmers intend to keep t
Fossil Fuels The world is today faced with a massive energy crisis owing largely to dependence on the use of fossil fuels for generation of energy. Dependence on fossil fuels has two major drawbacks. First, these fuels are non-renewable, so that once they have been used they are lost forever and can never be recovered. Secondly, fossil fuels are made through an extremely slow process. The process is so slow that human consumption of these fuels means that in a short time our world could run out of these fuels while the time required for creation of new fuels is beyond our ability to wait. The three main types of fossil fuels There are three major forms of fossil fuels. These are coal, natural gas and oil (Shepherd). As noted above, these forms of fossil fuels take extremely long to form which is why the speed at which the world consumes these fuels points to a massive energy crisis in the future. Oil and natural gas “are formed from the organic remains of marine organisms which become entrained within sea-floor sediments” (Shepherd). The process of the creation of oil and natural gas is, therefore, painstakingly slow. The process, notes Shepherd, begins with the accumulation of the dead remains of sea organisms on the floor of the sea. For the dead sea organisms to convert to natural gas and oil, it is necessary that the sea floor is stagnant to prevent oxygen from breaking the organisms further. Moreover, it is equally necessary that the dead organisms are not consumed by other sea-dwelling creatures. This already points to the conditions that must be net for creation of natural gas and oil and why the process can be both long and complicated. Once the two conditions noted above are met, it is necessary that the dead organisms are buried in sediment before they decay. When the dead organisms are buried in sediment, they “are subjected to heat and pressure which leads to the formation of oil and gas” (Shepherd). The process of coal formation is equally long. While oil and gas are created at sea, coal is formed on land. Coal is created from the debris of dead plants (Shepherd). Plant debris that has accumulated on land turns into coal when it is held in “stagnant, waterlogged soils” (Shepherd). It is necessary that the soil holding the debris be both stagnant and waterlogged as this is what makes the debris fail to break down further – if it did, it would be impossible to create coal. The process of coal formation is long and the accumulated debris first turns into peat. The process of turning peat into coal is known as coalification and refers to both the sedimentation of plant debris and later the exertion of heat and pressure on the peat to turn it into coal (Shepherd). Evident enviro
Introduction As a pedagogical teaching strategy, the storyline method is ideal for “active learners”, and can therefore be used for children in kindergarten. The method is more of an approach in teaching, with its key features drawing a contrast between it, and other teaching and learning strategies (Storyline Scotland par. 2), in the storyline method place emphasis on the knowledge that the learners in question possess. Accordingly, it recognizes this existing value. Features of Storyline method of teaching In the storyline method of teaching, the teacher makes use of key questions during the teaching process as a way of encouraging the pupils to become active in constructing their individual models concerning the topic under study, along with their hypothesis. Later on, it is the role of the teacher to test these models and hypotheses with the existing real research and evidence (Bell, Harkness, and White 34). The teacher sequentially makes use of key questions to assist them in constructing a teaching context by making use of a story. The teacher and the students then jointly construct a scenario of the topic under study by way of visualization. This is especially more practical when the teacher helps his/her pupils to construct collages, pictures, as well as three-dimensional models, through the use of different craft and art techniques. The method of teaching gives a teacher a structure that enables them to plan classroom experience (Creswell 49). This way, a teacher is armed with security regarding the skills, knowledge, as well as attitudes that he/she would wish to give to the students. Moreover, the storyline method affords teachers practical strategies of implementation that have previously been a success with groups, classes, and individuals. The fact that this method of teaching is sequential affords progression in teaching with the unfolding of the teaching topic at hand. Flexibility is another benefit of this teaching method, and this is especially important for kindergarten pupils, for example, becaus