ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Among the many types of entertainment devised by humanity throughout its history, different kinds of shows occupy a prominent place. From athletic competitions through theater to talk shows and stand-up comedy shows remain an essential part of human culture. Naturally, the very definition of such shows, be they competitive or not, implies the existence of two different categories of people. The first category performs specific actions pursuing a set goal, while the second category watches as the events unfold in search of entertainment. As a result, for any show to proceed in a proper manner, two kinds of people are necessary. Without the performers, there would be nothing to watch at, and without the spectators, the show would forsake one of its key purposes – the entertainment. Yet even though both categories are undoubtedly necessary, their roles in the process differ considerably. Being a performer, whether in an athletic contest or a play, requires significant professional skills, presumes a much greater degree of responsibility, and implies a code of conduct aimed at other performers. Main body The first and most obvious difference between being a performer and a spectator in any event is different demands the show sets for both groups. For the spectators, the show is, first and foremost, a source of entertainment, so their interest in the process is consumerist rather than professional. Watching an event does not demand any set of specific professional skills. If it is an athletic competition, the basic idea of rules will usually suffice, and if the show is a play, even this is unnecessary. The situation is quite the opposite for the performers, be they athletes, actors, or anyone else. Their participation in the event requires and necessitates a comprehensive set of professional skills well-developed in the course of rigorous training. An untrained athlete will never perform well, and an actor without proper preparation will prove unable to play his or her role. In order to ensure their part in the event goes appropriately, the performers need a mastery of their profession and a will to exercise these skills. In other words, an event is an entertainment for spectators, but a job for performers. Another critical difference between being a spectator and a performer stems from the one mentioned in the previous paragraph: performing implies greater responsibility. Admittedly, as already mentioned in the introduction, calling the spectators unnecessary would be wrong. First, their entertainment is one of the reasons – and sometimes the main reason – to hold an event and, secondly, the money they pay for watching finances both sports and acting industries. However, the responsibility of the performers is much greater than that of the spectators, because these two groups have different aims. The goal of the spectator is purely passive: to observe what happens. The task of the performer, on the other hand, is to deliver what the spectators came to see, be that a competition or impressive acting. As a result, the spectators may fund the industries in general, but once
After watching the documentary about Wild Carpathia in Romania, the most surprising discovery was the outstanding beauty of nature as well as its diversity. Transylvania is a land that has been riddled with mystery and myth; however, in reality, it is very beautiful and peaceful despite being the associated with stories about vampires. What was particularly interesting is that the area is a rare example of almost pristine nature and forest life in the entire Europe, which means that Wild Carpathia has a great potential in being an example of ecological sustainability and the preservation of nature. This is much needed in the modern world that has been practicing deforestation and exhaustion of natural resources for decades. Discovering the purity and the beauty of Carpathian mountains was especially surprising because not much is usually reported about it, which is unfortunate given the fact that we need to know about such beautiful places on our planet. The second surprising topic explored in the documentary was local farmers being very restricted by the European health standard regulations. It is understandable that farmers should comply with certain rules with regards to producing milk and cheese; however, so many of them do not have the resources to do so. Discovering this fact was particularly upsetting because so many large corporations that produce dairy products thrive by using harmful ingredients and polluting the environment when local farmers that make ethical and environmentally safe food are forced to shut down. The documentary showed some fascinating shots of a brown bear family with young cubs. The territory of Wild Carpathia is currently home for almost a half of the entire Europe’s population of brown bears, which are vital for the sustainability of the ecosystem. Bears positively influence the regrowth of the forest by being on the top of the food chain and keeping the population of deer and wild boars under the necessary threshold; this means that other species can also live safely and reproduce. The fact that brown bears are predators that are vital for keeping other animals from grazing the forest of Carpathia was also an interesting discovery since bears are usually presented as sleepy and lazy animals that eat berries and look around for honey. Overall, the documentary was very eye-opening in terms of depicting the wonders of nature that are not as popular as, for example, the Egyptian deserts or the Himalayan mountains.
Introduction In this era, business world is very competitive. Each and every firm tries to attract more and more customers in different ways. One of the popular ways is its website. It is necessary to keep the website attractive, informative and user-friendly. Such type of website generates a temptation in the users’ mind to view the site again and again. Key Factors for a User-friendly Website In order to make the site user-friendly many factors need to be considered. Loading Time Short loading time is the key factor of a good website. Through this the firm can give more priority to the users’ time. Otherwise they will skip that site and move to another. For fast loading page size should be keep within 30k and reduce the size of the graphics. At the loading time the company name and its logo must be displayed on top of the page. It helps to remember those details in the users’ mind after he logout from the site. Theme & Color The website should have a good visual design and handy user interface. Each website should be developed for certain purposes and the theme of the whole site should present its purpose clearly to the viewer. The images, texts and other media used for the website should be apt for the theme. Color of the site should be pleasing to the eye. Choose the color depending on the website type. Business site need not be colorful. The color used in the website should be apt for the theme of the website. Navigations used in the site should be easily manageable. (15 key elements all top website should have, 2008). Information Main objective of the user to visit the site is to get the necessary information. A good website satisfies the customer by providing relevant information. Broken links and vague data keep away from the customers’ mind. A good site provides necessary links and those links should be got in a simple manner. Make sure the availability of all links in the homepage and every page contains links to information like contact details, product sets. The contact information and the details of the company should be shown. Site maps should be clear. Automatization By automatization process like form mail and multiple subscription checkboxes, a site helps the user to make some action. Automatization makes the website easy to handle and speed up the browsing capability. But take care that the size of the website is not increasing much higher that the loading time will increase. Browser Compatibility Site should be accessible through any browser like Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox and Opera. For getting this support, the website is testing on all these browsers after creating them. Customer support Especially in the case of E-business, site must provide customer support option to serve their customers. This includes the details like contact address, number (toll free), mail-id etc. It is a way for building trust between the supplier-customer relationships. (Cooper, 2005). A Good and a Bad Site – Examples According to the Key Elements Henkel inte
For Davis Water Suppliers to meet the requirements of the Water Regulatory Bodies, they need to install Water Fluoridating Systems. Accordingly, the Water Fluoridating Plant design is to help them meet the requirement of the laws regulating water suppliers at an efficient cost. Additionally, the system meets the minimum requirements of fluoride chemical prescription under section 4 of the Water Fluoridation Regulation. That is, it can use any of the chemicals suitable for fluoridating water including Sodium fluorosilicate, Fluorosilicic acid, and sodium fluoride. Whereby, the system does not allow the amount of fluoride to exceed 1.5mg/l. There are various roles that the system is expected to play. For instance, it must have an instrument measuring the immediate fluoride levels in the water, calculate the real-time water flow rates, fluoride dose rate, and analyze fluoride concentration. Additionally, it must have both manual and automatic shut down available at all times for closing the dosing in cases of emergency ( Queensland Government 4). To meet the high regulations demanded, the system operations designs are fully automated, the dosing equipment interlocks and it has a flow meter to measure the rate of water flows. The fact that the system interlocks, allows the dosing system to lock itself in case one part of the system fails. On the other hand, the flow meter provides the rates of water flow to the dosing facility, which interprets the amount of fluoride needed in the water. It is from the flow rates, the dosing facility releases fluoride. In case the flow meter malfunctions, the system interlocks and prevents the release of wrong volumes of fluoride. Another thing helping to feed the dosing facility with water flow information is the flow switch. When the flow switch is off, the dosing system will never release fluoride. Hence, the dosing facility releases fluoride when it detects the flow switch is on. However, there occurs inconsistency between the flow switch and flow meter. As a result, the control system is available to ensure the dosing facility switches off when these differences occur. Nevertheless, the whole system may fail in its regulations and as a result, there is an alarm system to notify persons attending them when the fluoride levels exceed 1.3ml/l. Similarly, the tanks holding chemicals such as sodium fluoride and fluorosilicic acid have online level indicators monitoring them and the graduated scale is readable at ease. Consequently, the tanks refill before being exhausted. Operational Feature Fluorosilicic acid is unloaded at an unloading bay where spills are contained easily and pumped using 3-phase power pumps into fluorosilicic storage tanks. Each fluorosilicic tank for every borehole holds 10, 000 liters, and radar installation help to prevent spills. Then, from the fluorosilicic tank, another pump transfers the chemicals slowly to the second tank with lower capacity but fills automatically. Load cells monitor the second tank to maintain the recomme
Meaning Many people practice wearing a turban, and this headpiece is common in a variety of ethnic and religious groups. Turbans are mostly worn by men in multiple African and Asian countries. Reasons for wearing such headwear can be to honor one’s God or to adhere to ethnic traditions. The most prevalent example of turban-wearing people in the US is Sikhs – a religious group that practices Sikhism. The history of this faith system started when Guru Nanak Dev Ji attempted to address the conflict between Islam and Hinduism (Dhillon 1). He introduced the idea that all people are equal before One God to whom all religious paths lead in the end. Sikhs wear turbans in multiple styles, but the purpose of this accessory is to connect the person with their religion. The turban hides Sikhs’ long uncut hair that they grow out in respect of God (Dhillon 2). It is one of the main symbols of the religion, and both men and women have to uphold this tradition regardless of their occupation or location. Choice and Feelings I chose to wear a dastaar, a traditional Sikh turban that is worn by all followers of the religion. I selected this type of turban from many others because Sikh people have to wear this headwear at all times and not just on special occasions. Therefore, their beliefs imply that Sikhs do not have an opportunity of disregarding this accessory if they want to adhere to the standards of their faith. This choice places them in a position where their cultural and religious heritage is always represented in society. When I was putting the dastaar on, I noticed how difficult it was to make it look authentic and believable. Sikhs perfect their technique for years, and their headwear is much more complicated that is may seem. I felt somewhat uncomfortable when looking at myself with the turban on since I did not feel a connection with this piece in the same way that Sikhs do. Reactions I went to multiple public places to see how people’s reactions might differ. First, I went to a large mall and entered different stores. While there, I noticed some people looking at me, but most of them turned away if they noticed that I looked at them in response. Nobody approached me to talk or comment since many people were walking rather quickly. Then, I went to sit at a bus stop for some time. Similarly, people appeared to be suspicious of me, but nobody wanted to talk to me. Nonetheless, although I di
The introduction To improve conditions in local communities certain programs were created. The most well-known types of programs include surveillance systems, training programs, direct service interventions, social marketing campaigns, administrative systems, etc. The stated purpose of the case study is to clarify what types of evaluation seem to be more appropriate for a common understanding of program evaluation. Program evaluation Health and development program represents the most effective type of evaluation, as it provides the stakeholders with an opportunity to clarify program plans, improve program effectiveness and communication among partners. One is to keep in mind that while choosing the type of evaluation, it is necessary to determine what should be evaluated and what evaluation criteria must be used. To make a sound evaluation, it is important to engage stakeholders, gather credible evidence, describe the program, focus the evaluation design and justify conclusions. The most common purposes of the evaluation are to gain insight, to determine the effects of the program and to affect the participants (Berkowitz & Nagy, 2012). To gain insight, it is necessary to determine certain barriers, which may prevent the program implementation. While determining the effects of the program, it is necessary to take the decision concerning resources allocation. To affect participants, there is a need to gather success stories. The methods available for the evaluation include case study designs, quasi-experimental designs and experimental designs. Generally, it should be noted that different methods give the stakeholders an opportunity to answer different questions. For this reason, no method is necessarily best. Analysis and synthesis can be regarded as the key methods, which are used to generalize the evaluation’s findings. Thus, they provide the stakeholders with an opportunity to analyze each evidence element and to summarize all required sources. Indicators, sources, quality, quantity and logistics are recognized to be the most appropr
The European Union (EU) has made enormous progress in its attempt to create a harmonious economic system whereby the economic activities taking place in the region are for the benefit of all the member states. The EU Customs Union removes the customs barriers between all the member states of the EU to prevent direct or indirect discrimination of the goods imported from other member states and defines a common customs policy towards the goods produced outside the union. But the establishment of a uniform tax regime to implement the principle of freedom of movement of goods as one of the four fundamental freedoms for the entire region has not been smooth and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has tried to deal with conflicts related to taxes, charges, and duties. The discriminatory tax provisions run from Article 110 through article 113 in the Treaty for the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The same provisions appear in the Treaty of the European Community from section 90 through section 93. Being aimed at harmonizing the indirect taxation on the territory of the EU and ensuring an effective operation of the internal market, ECJ faced several difficulties caused by the enforcement of these regulations. Law concerning the discriminatory tax provision contains controversial moments due to which difficult questions arise in particular cases. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) must be involved in investigating every case and have the final say in the decision. The first of the topical issues deal with the similarity and substitutability of national and imported products. The application of article 110 TFEU presupposes that the competing products are to be compared based on their similarity instead of identity, though there is no restriction for differentiation approach towards taxation of goods based on objective criteria, such as manufacturing processes, for example. The problem is determining and evaluating these criteria. Two products are to be taxed identically if they possess the same objective characteristics from the consumers’ and fiscal points of view. If the taxation criteria chosen by the state result in higher taxation of the imported goods in particular cases, ECJ considers this case to be an infringement of article 110 TFEU. The other theme that arises from the provisions is their inconsistency in balancing the priorities of the Treaty against the needs of each member state limiting its opportunities for creating taxation regimes compatible with further national policies. The regulations proclaiming the freedom of movement of goods presupposes certain exceptions justifying certain barriers in case if their complete abolition results in the threatening of commercial property, health, or security of the country. The issue of environmental protection and wastes handling is an example of such an exception. Because recycling wastes are treated as goods, this process is incompatible with the principle of freedom of movement of goods. Another example of reasonably violating this basic principle is creating trade barriers during the mad cow disease to prevent the health threat. In an attempt to strike a balance between the mem
This image of the galaxy is considered the most important image man has ever taken. The part of the sky seen in this image is located in the constellation of Ursa Major. It shows a wonderful collection of 1500 galaxies. Since there are fewer stars in that area, the image is very clear. This was the deepest-ever view of the universe. The video show is beautiful. It gives us a feeling that we are traveling in a time machine. It takes the viewers towards the Hubble Deep Field. It reveals the beauty of the universe. These kinds of images are very rarely seen. After the long journey, our destination ends in a universe that is million years old. This image was taken in December 1995. The scientist took ten continuous days to observe this. In this way, they have done a very good help to the whole astronomical community. After the observation, the images were made available to astronomers around the world. It was believed that the universe is 13 billion light-years old. But the study conducted reveals something great. It shows something which we have been not aware of. These images show that the early universe contains galaxies in a confusing variety of shapes and sizes. And many galaxies were having peculiar sizes and shapes. Astronomers decided to study more about this. This work came from astronomers after the wait of a long sixty years. To get a very good idea about the origin of the universe, the shape and color of the galaxy helped a lot. It is believed that some galaxies were formed ten billion years ago after the Big Bang. To determine the distance of 2500 galaxies, Hubble took another experiment in the year 1998. This study extended to the most distant galaxies also. One very important point we have to note here is about the light seen in some distant galaxies. It is proved that this light was emitted nearly 14 billion years ago. During that period, the shape of the universe was smaller than the present universe. Hubble Deep Field study helped to record the history of the galaxy. It gave us a record of more than 95 % of the age of the universe. So there is nothing wrong with calling this the time machine. In the faraway galaxies, the images are black. The reason is its distance. These places must be beyond our thinking capacity. This site is entirely different and wonderful. The achievement in this experiment is due to scientific progress. The visible galaxy image observed by the Hubble Space Telescope was taken in December 1995. It includes the far-away objects which are almost not visible. The far-away objects which are visible are galaxies. In this image, one can see some stars spreading here and there. Definitely, it will help scientists to study the formation of the galaxy. A quite number of stars are scattered across the image. But the majority of what is seen in this Hubble Deep Field are galaxies. These observations were conducted by Hubble Space Telescope. Man is scientifically very much advanced. This video image is an example of this. Hubble found out