ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Modern business environment hides many threats and challenges for a leader. As for leadership ethics, today’s world includes much of the old values, and some that are new and truly exciting. Ethics principles that can be seen rebottled versions of dimensions and knowledge, skills, and abilities. Unlike this principle, the idea of the decision-making process is more about the combination of old and new issues using certain training setting. It aims at solving business problems to develop job experience within a regular and appropriate learning environment. Finally, some current practice is altogether new—for example, using executive coaches, delivering training through interactive media, and including “world tours” (trips for participants to different countries) in development programs. Ferrell et al. (2000) admit that the style of leadership influences ethical decisions. Leadership today is expected to produce specific business results, an expectation that has both good and bad attributes. Under current conditions, leadership development undergoes considerable changes: on the one hand, its investments and visibility are increased; and on the other hand, offered expectations are considered to be too high and proper development may fail to meet the competitive challenges within the global market. Modern leadership is influenced by company policies, state laws, and industry regulations. Ferrell et al. (2000) call it “immediate job context” (p.128). Each of the four elements discussed—content, method, learner, and context—reflects a shift in perspective from the past. Three evident areas are known in current leadership: developing desired attributes in the leaders themselves, frequently called competencies; developing the individual’s capacity to solve business problems; interchange of organizational values and working strategies. Leadership development is characterized by a variety of targets, and ethical competencies (also known as a competency model) is one of these targets that effort in the vast majority of organizations. The approach to relating development and b
Inherit risk is set for audit objectives for segments rather than for overall audit because of misstatements at the objectives levels. This type of risk means that the reports have material misstatements regardless of the internal controls in place (“Inherent risk vs. control risk: What’s the difference?,” 2020). Misstatements happen at the objective level within a segment, and therefore, it is necessary to determine the risks for individual segments rather than for the entire audit. Notably, inherit risks are unavoidable, and therefore, the auditor must ensure that they are detected, and sufficient evidence is accumulated to illustrate the problem (“Examples of inherent risk,” 2019). Therefore, the auditor needs to examine each segment separately to determine if there was an inherent error or not since the characteristics of the segments and the complexity of operations in each vary. When the inherent risk changes from medium to high for an audit objective, the amount of evidence that the auditor must collect increases. This is necessary to ensure that the auditor has enough evidence to show that the misstatements actually occurred (Tuovila, 2020). Moreover, the ability to set risk at different levels for different segments allows the auditor to determine the amount of evidence they will need to collect at each level. For example, when a financial statement is complex, the inherent risk happens due to factors other than those related to an error of control. This can be an omission or a mistake that is linked to the complexity of this statement. More specifically, if the company states that its debt risk is below 60%, it is placed in a medium risk category, and the amount of evidence needed to examine the financial situation is limited. However, if the auditor discovers that, in fact, the risk is at 75%, which is a high-risk situation, the amount of evidence needed will be much higher.
A material world surrounds children right from birth where children interact with materiality and expression through materials. Therefore, through material culture, children are able to perceive the world, react as well as add to what the world has through the objects of the world. Children’s images are presented materially in whatever we do and whenever we explore the media, market places and institutions surrounding us. We encounter information about children in addition to our own children that we raise at home. Material culture is important to children because they are the central part in our lives. It is therefore important to make material culture a subject of study in order to find the relationship between it and children (Derevenski, 131). Children are a category that is united by something in common through material culture that is cross-cultural. This helps the society to develop positive perception and learn how to develop behavior in children. This perception depends on our understanding and interpretation of what children should be in the society as well as the experiences we had during childhood. Material culture helps to understand the concept of transmitting knowledge from childhood through adolescent to adulthood in terms of technological and social reproduction. Various disciplinary backgrounds have been used to bring understanding of materiality on children and the importance of focusing on children in order to understand the world that we live in on how it can be improved. It is important to examine the problems and issues that surround childhood and children’s material culture in order to ensure culture studies are more focused on children and that children are extra visible within the studies. Collections of material culture from accredited museums through research in mainland Britain have been used for analysis and the results compared with existing literature in the related field (Derevenski, 132). The material culture found in the museum comprises mostly of toys followed by costume category where the female costumes are more than the males. Another observation is that there is a little more representation of children than costumes and toys. Decorative toys that were mass-produced were found to be more than playthings that are homemade (Derevenski, 72). However, there is no evidence to support these assumptions and hence it is paramount for further study to be conducted to establish the truth of the literature. A study conducted showed that regarding collections of children’s costumes, there is a bias towards female clothes because of the perception of association of females and costumes. Clothing in women is usually more elaborate and historically changes at a higher rate compared to men’s clothing because it has a higher aesthetic value (Derevenski, 51). This has been attributed to the passive collections by museums on female clothing, as the society tends to offer museums with what it thinks the museum want. What people see on display has largely determined
Introduction Jump height is an important factor in many different sports. As jump height is accepted to represent a good indicator of muscle power, vertical jumps have been used as tests of movement performance. In that sense, plyometric training proved to be an effective method in improving movement performance which gained popularity among trainers and athletes. However, the question of whether athletes who already show a high level of performance could improve their movements using plyometric training is still unknown. In that matter, an article published in the Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness (2001), called “Effects of plyometric training on jumping performance in junior basketball players “ shows the results of research conducted to study this issue. Methods The methods implemented in the research consisted of a series of training programs for three groups of 33 male junior basketball players aged 15-16, and participating in the premier national junior league. Before the training procedure, the maximum vertical jump height of the groups was recorded, as well as the results of isometric tests on the maximal voluntary force of hip and knee extensors and the rate of force development. The training programs consisted of all three groups participating in regular basketball training programs, with two groups additionally participating in additional plyometric training programs. The results of all three groups were recorded and compared to the pre and post-training scores. Results The results showed an expected increase in jumping heights for the two groups who performed the additional plyometric training, while the remaining group’s results were unchanged. There were also changes observed in the rate of force development of knee extensors in the same two groups with no changes in the control group. Additional comparison was also made between the changes among the groups, to distinguish the effects related to the training procedures. The results showed differences in post-training results when compared to the control group. The final analysis was made to compare the jump height, the results of isometric tests on the force of hip and knee extensors, and the rate of force development. Conclusion/Discussion The results show that jumping performance in all groups either in pre or post-test was either comparable or higher than the results of previously conducted similar researches, which implies the initial high jumping abilities in the chosen athletes and the fact that even a little plyom
Introduction Human psychology is concerned with the understanding of the mental attitudes and mindsets of people and tries to understand why people act as they do, under different circumstances. It would not be untrue to believe that humans, as a clan behave differently when confronted with different situations, more so, a singular person may have different mindsets at different parts of the day, while he is at work, at rest and even his psyche, while asleep, may be markedly different than when he is awake and facing life’s umpteen challenges, doggedly albeit cheerfully. Basic concepts of human interaction from a psychological perspective The basic concepts of human interaction from a psychological perspective are one of survival and growth. Early man lived in jungles, killed animals and birds for satiating his hunger and depended on his senses and gut feelings for sheer survival; otherwise he would be devoured by wild beasts or killed by fellow humans for his flesh. Now, things have changed dramatically and man needs to think about his survival and development in a competitive environment, complete with stresses, strains and attacks on his mind and bones. Psychology considers how best man could accommodate himself to his environment and lives at peace with himself and his world. It teaches him to react to external stimuli that could best preserve his own health and longevity and that of other people. If defective patterns o
Food Justice The global food system creates many challenges both for the producers of food and consumers. People who work in the sphere of agriculture are often exposed to the harsh environment. People from low areas lack access to healthy and nutritious food, which is often substituted with harmful junk food. Nowadays, food is expected to be fast, cheap, and rich in calories, rather than wholesome and healthy. That is why one of the main issues nowadays is the problem of obesity –the result of unjust global food policy that has touched many nations. Another critical aspect of the problem is the unequal distribution of food, which leaves some countries with an excess of food while others struggle to survive. In order to address these challenging questions, it is important to elaborate on a new approach to the politics of food. Otherwise, the inequality will only get worse with each year. A food justice approach implies that the food is grown, distributed, and consumed equally. Food Security While food justice deals with the working conditions of the farmers, equal access to healthy food, and with the issues of the consumption and distribution of food around the globe, the concept of food security focuses on the quality of the food which people consume. Nowadays, food security often faces risks that come from food companies. Economic and political aspects of industrialized food production have negative effects on the quality of food. For the sake of economic profit, food companies tend to spend less on production, often at the expense of food security. For example, costly ingredients are substituted with cheaper ones. Another way for companies to minimize costs is to disregard safety procedures. Similarly, the consumers of the food are often bound to save their money and resort to buying cheaper food, which threatens their health and well-being. Conventional Food System and Its Impact These problems are the results of the conventional food system, which is based on the principle of economic effi
Abstract Background . Expanding into the global market is a challenging task for any organization, primarily due to the need to reconsider the traditional organizational patterns and adopt new ones. The Adventure Street, Co. organization, which produces toys, seems to have gained enough experience to enter the realm of global economy. However, the introduction of the organization to the global economy environment presupposes facing a range of issues. For instance, the issue of leadership needs to be addressed, as entering the new market will require the use of a transformative leadership approach. Goals . The goal of the study is to identify the primary goals that need to be accomplished in the course of staff training. Additionally, the issues regarding the current training strategies need to be identified so that the organization members could learn valuable lessons regarding the use of training techniques in the realm of global economy. Outcomes . An analysis of the subject matter has shown that the current training process requires a significant redesign, as the training techniques are inconsistent with the leadership principles, mission and vision of the company. Moreover, it will b
StopNShopToday Inc has to adopt a performance appraisal system which will objectively evaluate and allow continuous interaction between its employees and managers. The Employee Performance Appraisal System should enable the managers provide objective descriptions and evaluations of the employees’ performance standards. There are several types of performance appraisal systems which can be adopted by StopNShopToday Inc. StopNShopToday Inc can adopt 360-Degree or Full Circle Appraisal to evaluate the performance of its employees. In 360-Degree Appraisal, an employee’s performance will be evaluated by everyone within StopNShopToday Inc with whom he or she interacts (Eichinger, 2004). This will include the managers, colleagues, customers as well as members of other departments. Hakala (2008) asserts that although this appraisal system is expensive, it can be used to comprehensively evaluate the performance of key employees of an organization. StopNShopToday Inc can also adopt Management by Objectives (MBO) appraisal system. By implementing this appraisal system, each departmental manager will set objective goals with his or her subordinates so that at the end of the period, the manager evaluates the employee’s achievement of the set objective goals (Deming, 1994). Action statements in the MBO process begins with statements like “reduce rejected parts by 5%” (Hakala, 2008). It involves continuous monitoring as well as review of objectives to enable the manager keep the employees focused on achieving the set goals. During the annual review, an assessment is conducted on progress towards objectives so that new goals are set. Rating Scale is another important appraisal system which can be implemented by StopNShopToday Inc. The Rating Scale would require each manager or the management to develop an in-depth grading system which would be used to evaluate each employee’s success within a range of areas which could include technical skills, creativity, communication skills, and teamwork among others. The management/manager sets a minimum required grade which an employee has to receive to enable the manager consider the performance appraisal as a success. This method allows the organization to put those who do not make the minimum required grade on a performance improvement plan (Henderson, 2011). StopNShopToday Inc also needs to improve how it rates its performance assessment categories. Evaluating an employee’s procedural knowledge and skill as well as customer service Skills should involve rating performance standard by entering whole numbers on the Employee Performance Appraisal System Form to represent the manager’s perception/evaluation. The numerical values should include 0 meaning unacceptable; 1 meaning development needed; 2 meaning fully competent; and 3 meaning Excelling. The manager has to document performance of each staff throughout the appraisal period by keeping written record of every staff’s accomplishments. It is this information that the manager should use to rate the performance of every employee. In situations where the manager assigns an employee value 0 or 1, he or she has to list all areas which need improvement as well as
The use of the White Racial Identity Model developed by Janet Helms is useful for analyzing a person’s attitudes towards race and ethnicity. In particular, this framework is helpful for explaining how an individual perceives the effects of racial injustice on the community (Cousins, 2014, p. 1104). Moreover, this model can show how people can break free of their biases and stereotypes with time passing. While working on this assignment, I have been able to interview a Caucasian male aged 25. It is important to mention that his parents came to the United States from Eastern Europe in the late eighties. Currently, they are the citizens of the United States. During the interview, I asked him to express his views about the legacies of racism in modern American society. Overall, the responses of this person show that many of his beliefs are rather conflicting. Additionally, this interview has demonstrated to me that people can display the signs of several identity statuses identified by Janet Helms. The interviewee displays the signs of the so-called contact status identified by Janet Helms. At this stage, a person is satisfied with the existing status quo (Peterson, 2006, p. 24). In particular, individuals believe that currently, people have equal opportunities for raising their social status, even though they may differ in terms of their race, ethnicity, or religious background (Sue, 2005, p. 117). Additionally, they lay stress on the idea that they did not contribute to racial discrimination in any way. Some of these arguments are made by the interviewee. In particular, he is convinced that he cannot be accused of racial discrimination. This person states that his parents did not approve or promote racial laws since they came to the United States only three decades ago at the time when discriminatory practices were prohibited by the state. Moreover, he notes that his family also had to struggle with considerable economic hardships at the beginning. Furthermore, they faced difficulties due to linguistic barriers. So, at a certain point, their socio-economic status was rather similar to the position of many black people. Yet, they were able to overcome these problems. This is one of the issues that can be identified. Overall, this person does not take into account that despite the initial poverty of his parents, they were better positioned in society due to the education that they previously obtained. Therefore, they had many employment opportunities, unlike many black people. Moreover, they did not have to struggle with prejudices because they were white. In contrast, many black people had to struggle with such difficulties as insufficient funding of many public schools located in the inner cities (McWhorter, 2000, p. 119). Furthermore, many of them had to grow up in crime-ridden neighborhoods. Apart from that, they had to struggle with biased attitudes of governmental officials. This person did not pay much attention to these issues. Nevertheless, at the same time, the interviewee displays the signs of the
Whenever there is a major feature film interpretation of a painfully topical issue, the audience takes the on-coming film with a grain of salt, which is quite understandable – there is practically no way in which the movie director can handle the complex issue; as a matter of fact, a movie adaptation is often not about how good the directors’ interpretation is, but how much the movie twists the original idea. However, much to the audience’s surprise, The City of God turned out not as much palatable as the source material, i.e., the numerous criminal reports on the Rio de Janeiro suburbs, but also quite unique and different from the original in its own way. With the help of elaborate planning and the use of various technical approaches, as well as the casting choices and other essential elements that make a bulk of a good movie, The City of God manages to convey a number of messages concerning essential social issues in the Latin countries, as well as stet the existing problems within a typical Latin society. The first and the foremost planning element to speak about are the actors. The cast defines the movie, shaping it and giving it additional shades. In the given case, the cast was truly brilliant. Taking into account that the movie was shot as a crime drama, it was crucial to pick the cast who would not overact yet add drama to the movie, and Alexandre Rodriguez handled this task perfectly well. He obviously knows what to say and when to: “The sun is for everyone, the beach is for those who deserve it” ( The City of God ), yet he does not have the answer to every question, which makes him a believable character. The rest of the cast leaves rather vague impression, yet there is also nothing terrible about their performance. Like any crime movie, this one is packed with all sorts of stunts and smooth movements. However, the tricks in The City of God concern not the artists, but the movie itself, or, to be more exact, the way in which different eras are switched. The transition between the epochs is rather smooth, which is achieved with the help of rather unusual means. For instance, I one of the transitions, the gap between the two epochs is marked near a car passing by ( The City of God ). In addition, it is still questionable whether the level of the stunt performers matches the existing standards. The given edits make one think of the gaps between different social groups, which are as hard to cross as the time boundaries. Speaking of the way in which the movie floats between two time periods, the visuals of the two worlds are quite stunning, too. Meirelles managed to capture the striking reality of both eras in a bottle. The Rio de Janeiro suburbs are your typical Rio de Janeiro suburbs, the way an average stranger would think of them, yet the stylization of the background does not stretch to the point where an average Rio de Janeiro dweller will consider it offensive. In regard to the settings, the color