ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There exists a common belief that the amount of stress adolescents undergo during their school years is overestimated and dramatized by popular culture. However, the extent to which teenage mental health issues are discussed today still remains insufficient in order to secure a proper framework of coping with stressors. Indeed, adolescence is a period in human life when individuals are expected to make life-changing decisions with pressure coming from family, peers, and educators. The situation becomes even more challenging considering the fact that teenagers also experience some major changes in their bodies, including appearance and hormonal development. Thus, when outlining two major external stressors, peer pressure at school and work overload should be regarded as unique to adolescence. To begin with, it is important to emphasize that while peer pressure may become an issue at any age, this experience is especially dangerous in the school environment (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020). This danger is predetermined by higher levels of self-consciousness among adolescents and the inability to avoid offense when they feel discomfort because, unlike adults, schoolers have limited options in terms of choosing a social environment. This stressor may result in low self-esteem, depression, eating disorders, and many other specific mental conditions (CDC, 2020). Work overload, in its turn, is closely related to the school curriculum that pushes students to their limits in order to encourage them to prepare for obtaining higher education. With the need to combine extracurricular activities, teenage social life, and academics, students struggle with chronic sleep deprivation, mental disorders, anemia, and chronic fatigue. When speaking of coping mechanisms, it is of paramount importance to promote adolescent counseling and education for parents. Indeed, in cases when adolescents close themselves off from adults, they seek help from understanding people. In such cases, parents may be overprotective or judgemental, thus pushing their kids away. For this reason, caregivers and educators are to develop an explicit framework of healthy communications. Otherwise, adolescents will address self-destructive coping mechanisms such as drug and alcohol abuse. Reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2020). Coping with stress . Web.
The advertising objectives of the two companies The advertising objective of Benetton group was to create awareness about the brand and at the same time inform potential consumers about the ideals that the company supports. This strategy was supposed to evoke emotions and to attach them to the company’s brand so that consumers can see it either as an agreeable personality or as an offending one or even a controversial personality. In this strategy, the objective of the company, which was to create awareness and imprint its logo in consumer’s memory, would be realized easily. Benetton used its controversial approach to advertising as a way to appear unique among its competitors. On the other hand, the objective of Yeo Valley was to inform customers of its products and to demystify the notion that organic foods must always be expensive and only to the rich. Several theories can explain the way advertising works, and these theories are useful for understanding the objectives of the two companies and their reason for the particular advertising strategies that they chose. Theories can either be on a singular version relating to the notion of hierarchy-of-effect. They can also be considering a multiple process approach and at the same time highlight the importance of location or brand attitude as the main communication objective. Irrespective of the underlying theory, communication ideas for advertising usually require companies to include six steps in separate or combined form. The steps are to become an advocate of the product, service or cause and then learn everything about it before going on to create an ad. The second one is to learn about the target audience in conventional and specific terms that relate to the business such as their location and their opinion about the competition. The third step is to take the information learned about clients and target audience and to use it to come up with ideas and philosophies or techniques that can work. With several ideas in place, the fourth step is to expand on a few main ideas to ensure they communicate the message well. The next step is execution of the ideas and the last one is to collect feedback about the advertising. Based on the above six steps, the two companies appear to have met the criteria and this enabled them to achieve their objectives. For example, Benetton first defined its communication message and then proceeded to come up with advertising ideas that would help it create the relevant ads. The use of an internal ad team allowed it to control the process and to use ads that were coherent with the intentions of top management at the firm. The company collected feedback through media reactions of the ads it ran. In some cases, the feedback was bad and required public apolog
Introduction Edward William Lane was born on September 1801 in Hereford, England. He was a British national popularly known for his massive contribution in the research about the people of ancient Near East. He was an excellent lexicographer and a translator. Lane’s father, Dr. Theusand Lane, died when Edward Lane was still a young boy. He was left an orphan at a tender age of 13 years, and his uncle, Gainsborough took care of him. The uncle sent him to a school at Bath to learn grammar. He was later transferred to Hereford which was considered a better school. At this early stage of learning, Lane showed a strong interest in Mathematics. Although the teachers ignored this talent as just a normal case of a genius student, his uncle was convinced that he had some special academic capacity that put him above any other average learner. When he completed his elementary learning, Lane visited Cambridge. The uncle wanted him to continue with his education at this school which then had a good reputation. However, he did not join Cambridge. Instead, he decided to join his brother in London (Lane 26). While in London, Lane started developing a special interest in Arabic. He thought that there was something unique about the Arabs, making them have their own unique cultural practices. Through his own initiatives, he started learning Arabic. It was not easy for him to learn Arabic because he did not have a teacher to guide him. However, he was able to learn this language. He went to Alexandria in Egypt in 1825 aged 24 years. He then moved to Cairo later in the same year. It was while staying in Cairo that he developed a strong interest in studying way of life of people in this region. He started by translating books and other works of literature in this society from Arabic to English. From 1960, he started publishing several books, most of which were based on the lifestyle of the people of Egypt. This research will focus on Edward Lanes work in order determine his view on the orients as demonstrated in his book, ‘ Description of Egypt .’ Lane’s views on the Orient As a young scholar, Lane had developed a strong interest in understanding the orients. As Lane (90) notes, his scholarly work about the orients made him one of the most successful Arab scholars of his time. He dedicated his time in analyzing people, customs, traditions, manners, and ot
Introduction The main reason why I chose this particular essay is due to the indiscriminatory nature of landmines and how they can impact local populations even decades after they were placed. As evidenced by the statistics within the article, there are 85 million landmines spread out through various countries and conflict areas around the world. The inherent problem with this is that even if peace can be achieved in such regions through diplomatic means landmines represent a lasting legacy of fear and death which can last even if the main reason behind the original conflict that spawned them is long forgotten. It is based on this that the author presents the idea that the use of landmines should be banned from indiscriminate use during periods of conflict. While the author does recognize the fact that landmines can act as an effective deterrent during periods of armed conflict, the fact remains that their potential danger to civilian populations after a conflict is over represents an inhumane and reckless use of military armaments that should be stopped. Is the Essay Peer Reviewed? Considering the fact that the essay, “Can we ban land mines? They kill anyone” was published in the Commonwealth Foundation in their journal which is known as a notable academic source for various articles on political discourse, then it can safely be stated that this particular essay is indeed peer reviewed. It should be noted though that there is little, if any, sufficient citation within the essay that can help to attribute the views therein to notable academic sources of information and, as such, detracts from the scholarly veracity of the essay. Claim of the Essay The main claim of the essay is that landmines should be considered inhumane and scrapped from use in any and all global conflicts and accorded the same prohibitions as nuclear and chemical weapons. In asserting such a stance the author points to the numerous civilian deaths that have occurred due to landmines and correctly points out that due to their very nature, landmines are far more dangerous as compared to other forms of military armament since removing them is far more complicated and costly as compared to simply placing them. It is due to this that they are often left where they are and over the years their location simply becomes forgotten, that is until the point that they are subsequently stepped on by an unassuming villager resulting in a subsequent explosion that kills them. It is based on this that the author utilizes a variety of statistical references in order to depict the dangers landmines represent and the lack of sufficient endeavors in preventing their use. Does the author utilize the Toulmin method? When examining the essay it can be seen that the author does indeed utilize the Toulmin method as evidenced by his use of suffi
In this project, National Response Corporation (NRC) will be analysed in terms of creative and innovative management. It is a well-known global organisation that aims at promoting global services and various environmental, industrial, and emergency response solutions ( NRC 2016). As a global organisation, NRC has offices in different parts of the world, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It was first established in 1992 in the USA, in several years, its office appeared in the UAE. More than 1000 full-time employees work at the 39 offices that can be found in 15 countries. The UAE office deals with such services oil spill response, waste management, and industrial cleaning services. About 100 people work at this office on a regular basis. As a senior project manager of the marketing department, I cooperate with many other departments of our company like the financial department, human resource department, and even the engineering department. The Importance of Creative and Innovative Management in Organisations Current creative and innovative management processes in the organisation The industry of management of creativity and innovation has been improved considerably during the last decade (Patmore et al. 2009). To meet new expectations and use available opportunities, each company has to understand its goals and values and promote cooperation between the departments that can influence the development of clean-up strategies for contaminated properties. NRC is a global organisation with several purposes to be achieved. It deals with the pollution of different quality and scope. Industrial waste and hazardous materials can be observed everywhere, and our company has to introduce powerful strategies to solve the problems of environment, technical, and property pollution. The current creative and innovative management processes in our organisations are numerous, and each department tries to explain the worth of its ideas. As a senior project manager, I offer to evaluate the possibility to buy the properties of different clients, who want to sell what they have and develop our opportunities in real estate business as a chance to promote environmental safety among the citizens of the UAE. Creative and innovative management underlines the importance of such processes as change, creativity, and innovation and the necessity to consider them to stay competitive and increase the demand among customers (Dawson & Andriopoulos 2014). People will never stop polluting the land and even their properties, and our task is to spread our services to any possible extent. However, our company is limited in its services and does not find it necessary to consider some new opportunities. I think that real estate business is a chance to attract more people to our company and the services we offer not just to e
Product Objectives   * To have our first store within 3 months, and branches within 8 months   * To develop a full brand identity within 2 months   * To register 75% sales within the first 3 months of operation Our Product Flip-flops are open-toed footwear that are worn casually at the beach. Some people also wear flip-flops during leisure walk to keep their bodies fit. Regions that experience extreme heat conditions face high demand for flip-flops given that the shoes do not enclose heat and are comfortable to wear especially under hot sunny condition and in sandy coastal regions. The product is worn easily because it does not have laces, buckles, or socks. Additionally, the product makes consumers feel relaxed since they are less strenuous compared with high-heeled shoes. Bearing in mind that the UAE is an Islam religion, flip-flops are highly demanded because of the ease of wearing. Currently the footwear industry in UAE is in the maturity stage where there are many competitors. The market as well is dominated by larger players. Chitale and Gupta (2011) agree that maturity stage occurs when distribution has attained the peak level and when the percentage of population that will buy the product has been reached. The direct competitors of flip-flops are sporty water shoes, Havaianas, and Crocs. Indirectly, flip-flops compete with closed-flat shoes and open-toed closed shoes, which are light, cheap and come in variety of colour, shape, and size. Core, actual and augmented product The core of the product is providing casual and comfortable footwear to diverse customers. The major feature of flip-flops is the ease of wearing because it does not require laces, buckles, or socks. Besides, the footwear is comfortable to wear under environmental conditions in the UAE. The product is designed to have different colours, slip-on design, 3.75 oz weight, rubber thong, cushioned insole, and brand signature on the thong. Additionally, it will be produced in variety of sizes. Packaging Design (2014) asserts that the design of packaging should allure, persuade, inform, wrap, and offer protection to the product. A good design should be attractive as well as offer an emotional appeal. Ultimately, the customer should be able to make informed decision based on the packaging. In the case of our product, each pair of flip-flop that is sold to individual customer will be wrapped in a company-branded bag that carries essential information about the product. However, in a situation where a customer has purchased large quantities, packaging will be done using carton boxes for protection and for ease of transportation. The product will be branded flopas to rhyme with the gen
Iraq-Kuwait war began in the year 1990. The conflict escalated following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. During this conflict, Iraq’s soldiers invaded Kuwait, raped, looted, and killed resisting Kuwaitis on the spot (King, 1991). It is alleged that the world learned about these atrocities from Kuwaitis who managed to escape to the neighbouring countries unharmed. Following the brutal attacks, the US was forced to intervene. Before the onset of the war, the US had made a decision that it was no longer going to engage in foreign military affairs after its devastating experience in Vietnam War (King, 1991). The US government mobilized its allies to come to the defence of Kuwait in an operation named Operation Desert Shield. During this operation, several countries took different roles in the alliance. Among those who supported this operation were some of the Arab countries who believed that Iraqis expansion was a threat in the Middle East (King, 1991). This paper seeks to highlight the role of United Arab Emirates, UAE, in the war. Initially, UAE’s operations in the Middle East were considered to have fuelled the Iraq- Kuwait conflicts during the early 1990s (Grossman, 1995). As such, Kuwait and UAE were disrespecting the OPECS directive by flooding the world markets with oil. By doing so, the two countries lowered the oil prices in the world markets. Since Iraq had not regained its economic stability following the Iraq- Iran war, the UAE and Kuwait’s actions in the oil market worsened their economic situations. With the two countries disrespecting the OPEC’s directives and the dire economic situation in Iraq, Saddam Hussein was forced to attack Kuwait. Saddam’s acts were meant to reduce the UAE and Kuwait’s oil exports in the world market. Through this, the UAE is said to have contributed to the Iraq- Kuwait conflicts (Grossman, 1995). Previously, during the Iran-Iraq war, UAE was reluctant in joining the conflicts. However, during the Kuwait-Iraq war the country was forced to reverse its previous policy and join forces with its allies in liberating Kuwait. Before the onset of the war, UAE was among the first Arab countries to object the plans by President Saddam Hussein to invade Kuwait. Its defence forces officials joined forces with American forces and drafted a plan, which were to prevent Hussein’s forces from further attacks in Kuwait. Two weeks before the operation, UAE and the US conducted an air refuelling rehearsal program in an effort to warn the Iraqis government against their military ambitions. During this period, the UAE defence forces availed its personnel to play active roles in the Operation Desert Storm. Through this, the country contributed its air force personnel as pilots. Notably, UAE pilots joined the allied forces in major air attacks across Iraq. Through this effort, Iraq’s infrastructure, communication facilities, military bases, and naval bases were destroyed. Equally, through the concerted effort by the UAE for
Student centered environment is a core of an effective teaching. If a teacher wants his methods to work, he should follow student centered principles and make the atmosphere conducive to learning. An integral part of every lesson is to make students take initiative focusing on their individual skills and interests. A teacher is to use Mastery learning methods of teaching which allows students to learn the material communicating and cooperating with their group mates. An example of such a lesson is provided below. The lesson structure of the foreign language teaching:   * Objectives of the lesson: Students should learn the peculiarities of a foreign language in cooperative groups in order to develop their skills of communication.   * Goals: For the students to learn the necessary information they should communicate in a foreign language with the members of their group. It would allow them to concentrate on the topic of their discussion rather than on the language itself. This method would definitely show the students the importance of a language and the possibility to use it in any situation.   * Visual aids: individual sheets of paper with the tasks (topics) which are written in a foreign language.   * Activities and manner of carrying out a lesson: All the students are divided into small teams or groups. They are provided with sheets of paper with the mentioned topics for discussion. Inside the groups the students discuss the issues that are necessary to solve the problem and to make a conclusion. The information should be compulsory discussed in a foreign language. When the process of discussion came to an end, the participants of each group should share their results and conclusions with the whole class. It is important to follow the way of work of every student in order to see his involvement into the process of communication. The students should be graded according to the degree of participation in the solution of the problem rather than according to the results of the solved problems. This lesson provided is based on the Mastery learning strategy of teaching which merely focuses on the process of learning. The reasons why this lesson is conducive to learning and student environment:  1. Each of the students is involved in the discussion of his group which has an individual assignment.  2. The students can select the method of the problem solution.  3. The tutor is only involved in the discussion but he is not a leader.  4. The cooperation work is a result of success, so the members of the groups depend on each other.  5. The students cannot but use new vocabulary in order to reach their aim and are active participants rather than passive listeners. This strategy covers a lot of points of successful tutoring by usage of different tests and involving tasks. New methods of teaching help to organize any lesson in a proper way and create a student centered environment conducive to learning and remembering the curri
Introduction JCB is a leading manufacturer of variety of equipment ranging from construction machinery to agricultural equipments. The company was established in 1964 in the United Kingdom. Currently, it is one of the top three companies in the industrial machine production. It has operations in four continents, market in over 150 countries and a workforce of over 10,000 people. Strategic Rationale Underlying JCB’s Entry into India in 1979 and China in 2005 In 1979 JCB employed an expansion strategy in India, which was aimed at increasing its market presence in the world. The expansion as a strategy was also necessary in order to promote the sales of its machines and equipments in markets that it had not yet penetrated (Hill 615). This would have made it possible for the company to fight of competition in the country of origin and at the same time secure markets share in the production of industrial and agricultural machines (Thompson and Martin 455). The entry to China was also a strategy to expand the market for the machines it produced. There was also the need to take advantage of the cost of production which was low in these countries. Therefore the company hoped to increase its bottom line by setting operations in China and India. The expansion of JCB in India and China was economically justifiable given the objectives of the company and the strategy it hoped to employ in order to achieve its goals. In 1979, India was an emerging country. As an emerging economy, the middle class was growing and investment levels in the country were also in the rise due to the increased expenditure by this population (Cavusgil, Ghauri and Agarwal 460). Therefore the market potential was very high as compared to developed markets such as France and Norway. The company also sought to achieve the advantage of a first mover. This is the advantages a company gains by setting operation in the emerging markets (Hill 619). The company in this case is able to establish itself as the country develops and to gain acceptan