ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Overview TopGlass Pte Ltd is one of the leading glassware producers in the United Arab Emirates. Established in Mussafah in 2006 to operate at a local scale, it soon became one of the most visible suppliers of industrial packaging for pharmaceutical and F&B industries. Products The main product line of TopGlass is glassware intended for packaging beverages for a consumer market. The first product manufactured by the company from 2006 onwards was a glass bottle for non-alcoholic beverages. Since then, the product line has expanded to include bottles for alcoholic beverages, bottles and cans for various foods, e.g. seafood produce, and containers for medications. A notable addition to the product line is the premium foods and beverages segment, which requires a unique bottle design to underline the luxurious qualities of the product. Finally, starting in 2013, TopGlass initiated the production of glass containers for cosmetic products. Raw Materials Two main raw materials required for glass production are silica sand and soda ash. The former is supplied to the company directly from the company-owned refinery outside Abu Dhabi. The latter is widely available locally and is currently obtained from the UAE-based soda ash manufacturer Nasco Chemsol International. Financial Information The company was experiencing a steady growth in revenues and shareholders’ equity for seven consecutive years since its founding, with a peak in 2014, when the total revenue reached AED 37 million, a four percent increase over the previous year’s number, and the trading profit rises to AED 12 million, a 1.5 percent improvement over 2013. The total shareholders’ equity was highest by that time at AED 82 million. In the last two years, however, the situation changed dramatically. The sales of F&B packaging, the main source of its profits, went down. As a result, revenues declined to AED 31 million in 2015 and AED 26 million in 2016, with trading profit reduced to AED 4 million and AED 0.5 million, respectively. As a reaction to such developments, the equity income diminished to AED 31 million. Competitive Advantage One of the most prominent competitive advantages of the company is its assets, more specifically, its equipment base. Upon its formation, the company purchased a top-quality production line. While ten years is a significant amount of time for the technology, the industrial packaging industry is developing relatively slowly, so the equipment in question is far from outdated and even considered top-rate by most standards. The premium packaging segmen
What is meant by this statement: “Death anxiety is a multidimensional concept”? The idea that death anxiety can be discussed as the multidimensional concept means that it is impossible to explain the notion of death anxiety from only one perspective because researchers determine four types of concerns associated with the concept which form death anxiety, and these researchers also determine eight types of fears which are typical for people while discussing the concept of death. As a result, the main concerns which cause people’s suffering are the death of self, the deaths of significant others or loved people, the aspects associated with the process of dying, and the specific state of being dead (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p. 65). While concentrating on these dimensions of the death anxiety, it is possible to determine such concrete fears as the fear of dependency, the fear of the pain experienced in the dying process, the fear associated with the indignity in the dying process, the fear connected with separation and rejection as the aspects of the dying process, the fear to leave close and loved people, the fears associated with the aspects of the afterlife, the finality of death, and the fears connected with the fate of the person’s body (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p. 65). This is the fact that the concept of death anxiety is multidimensional because different people concentrate on different fears which form four main concerns. In spite of the fact that people’s fears are grouped and classified, they can also be different in relation to the intensity of the expressed fear. Furthermore, death anxiety is also influenced by the variety of factors such as the persons’ perceptions of their possible deaths, persons’ experiences associated with the others’ deaths, and people’s feelings of helplessness and depression (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p. 66). Depending on the factor which can influence the person’s vision of death, death anxiety can also be associated with the development of phobias (Princy & Kang, 2013, p. 637). The discussion of death anxiety as the multidimensional concept can also be supported with references to the statistics received with the help of Michael Leming’s scale. Thus, the fears affecting the notion of death anxiety can differ in their popularity among people. According to the survey on the problem, 65% of persons are inclined to focus on fears of dependency and pain in the process of dying as the causes for the anxiety; and 15% of persons demonstrate the significant anxiety related to afterlife concerns and fears about the body’s fate (Leming & Dickinson, 2011, p. 68). Although there are many fears associated with death, the process of dying and sufferings make people experience the most significant levels of death anxiety. The multidimensional character of the concept of death anxiety is also observed with references to the fact that the levels of anxiety are various in relation to genders and different age groups. Thus, the level of death anxiety decreases, if persons become older. Moreover, the level of death anxiety is higher in relation to women while com
In chapter 5 and 6 of the book Gender and development by Catherine Virginia Scott, the author tries to explain how the modernization and development theories can be modified further to substantiate the role of gender balance in the growth of societies. Scott explains that the growth of institutions and in particular nations can be explained in terms of the regard of gender equality. This basically implies that nations which welcomed the idea of gender balance from an early time are the ones that have seen the greatest development. The dependency theory has already established that nations around the world are linked together in ties that help them benefit from each other. Developing nations generally wait for developed nations to give them the expertise needed for growth while the developed nations need the developing nations for the natural resources. From Scott’s perspective, the developing nations tend to borrow societal development ideas from the developed nations. For instance, it is after third world countries realize the contribution that women play in the growth of the G8 that they now can tolerate calls for gender balance. The developed nations also appreciate the harmonious living that individuals in developing countries have by respecting gender roles. They, therefore, try to entrench this specificity of roles into their societies, consequently establishing relationships that have a beneficial role on society. Scott comes to the conclusion that society only grows as long as there is a balance between the roles assigned to individuals from the two genders. She also notes that, it helps for nations to look at the best practice of other nations and adopt ideas that will help them develop. In the opening chapters of the book Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale by Maria Mies, the author introduces the concept of feminism as a fight against capitalist patriarchy. She, however, notes that most of the members of the feminist movement tend to forget their mission and end up portraying the image of individuals that are fighting the male race. Mies describes feminists as the persons who speak against the unbalanced relationship between men and women. By citing the activities of various groups around the world, Mies comes to the conclusion that it is the conscious involvement of various interest groups that the awareness of the
The diplomatic and military relations between the United Stated and Canada have always been critical for ensuring security in North America. Much attention should be paid to the policies of the Canadian government which has to reconcile conflicting priorities. In particular, the policy-makers of this country focus on the need to retain the sovereignty of their country. However, at the same time, they must protect the citizens of Canada from various global threats such as the dangers posed by terrorist organizations or rogue states. Both countries currently operate North American Aerospace Defense Command which is important for securing the air space of the continent. Nevertheless, there have been tensions over Canada’s participation in the missile defense program. The government of Canada refused to participate in this program in 2005. Nevertheless, despite these disputes, Canada supported many of the initiatives led by the United States. For instance, one can speak about the military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Furthermore, Canada and the United States are willing to maintain the balance of power in the Arctic region 1 . Overall, it is important to examine the defense cooperation of these countries in greater detail. While examining this issue, one should focus on the long-term of concerns about the so-called Americanization of Canada. Allegedly, this Americanization can entail the loss of sovereignty 2 . This apprehension takes its origins in the nineteenth century during which the United States and Canada had several territorial disputes. Another important issue is that the government of Canada cannot always form the strategic goal of the international agencies formed by the two countries. This is one of the details that should not be overlooked. Additionally, the Canadian support of the U.S. foreign policies has often been debated by local politicians and journalists. This issue is important for understanding the relations between these two countries and their joint efforts to protect the security in North America. These details should be considered by people who develop the security strategies of the United States 3 . To a great extent, this information can be useful for explaining possible obstacles to the integration of the defense policies pursued by each of these countries. The functioning of NORAD At first, it is important to focus on the activities of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). This system was developed in order to respond to the threats associated with the Cold War. Its major task is to provide aerospace warning. In this case, one should speak about the dete
Introduction Cybercrimes are the most common type of violence in the modern world. A cyberattack is a malicious, deliberately carried-out attempt by a person or organization to penetrate the information system of another person or organization (“How cyber attacks work.,” n. d.). As a rule, the hacker seeks to gain benefits by disrupting the victim’s network. Attackers seek to exploit the vulnerability of corporate systems, which leads to an annual increase in cybercrime. This paper aims to explore such a phenomenon as mail cyberattacks and research why it happens more often. Research Hackers usually use a completely logical scheme to steal data. First of all, an attacker gains access to one of the company’s computers using a phishing email containing a malicious PDF or Word document. Further, the affected machine will become a springboard for attackers in the corporate network. From here, the hacker will look for other vulnerabilities to move from computer to computer in search of valuable data – tables, documents, financial information, and other necessary files (“How cyber attacks work.,” n. d.). When such data is found, they export the files, which must be collected somewhere, and usually, the attacker chooses one of the user computers on the network for storage, not the server. Article Summary The article titled “Most email scanner ‘allow lists’ can’t catch this O365 & Gmail attack” tells about hackers who use Adobe Creative Cloud to send viral emails to Gmail and Office 365 users. The emails look like they come from a legit source; however, users receive links that lead them directly to the website created for stealing credentials. In December 2021, the malicious campaign was first identified when Adobe’s representatives managed to halt the attacks (“Most email scanners,” 2021). The hackers work in the following way: they create an image or PDF document with an embedded viral link which is then sent to Gmail and Office 365 users. The issue is serious since numerous large corporations use Gmail and Office 365, and the attacks threaten them to steal private and valuable information. It is complicated to prevent such emails from appearing in the account since the messages from Adobe are typically scanned as allowed. The authors of the article suggest that each organization ensures high-level security systems (“Most email scanners,” 2021). Additionally, each email receiver should check the message for spelling and grammar and inspect the links more carefully. Personal Interest To my mind, a cyberattack is the most common technology-related concern since data stealing is the most common crime nowadays. The article is engaging in a way that, besides informing about the problem, the authors provide practical recommendations. In addition, I found out that a major cloud base like Adobe can be hacked and cause harm to other platforms’ users. This information can be used in my future IT career as a guide to avoiding hacker attacks. Moreover, it expands the understanding of how cyber adversaries act to steal data. Finally, I can use this material as a case
The income statement provides the full information regarding the company’s performance during a certain period. It usually includes revenues and costs in form of inflows and outflows, write-downs, restructurings, non-cash or non-operating items, income tax expenses, and earnings per share as well as the net income. The operating activities section includes only cash receipts and cash payments for a certain period to demonstrate the sources and amounts of cash and spending. As a result, the income statement and the operating section are similar in terms of presented cash inflows and outflows because the information for the cash flow statement is often taken from the income statement and in terms of specifying the period for the analysis. However, the statements are different because the operating section is focused only on demonstrating general changes in flows when income statements demonstrate how business is successful, and they include non-operating items. The experience demonstrates that it is necessary to concentrate on the forms of business ownership before starting a business to choose the appropriate level of liability typical for sole proprietorship and partnership; to types of accounting systems; and to the information that needs to be included in financial reports. To achieve success in operating the business, it is important to choose sole proprietorship only when there are no financial and legal barriers. It is necessary to use the accrual-basis accounting method in contrast to the cash-basis method because it prevents effective revenue recognition based on differences in reporting inflows and outflows in accounting sheets. Furthermore, while focusing on franchising, it is important to use the same accounting system to be open to comparing the revenues.
Introduction Globalization literally refers to a process of transformation into a global phenomenon rather than a national or regional one. Globalization also implies the exchange of trade, communication and services between the members of the entire world, functioning as a community rather than merely being restricted to a single nation or country. Main body Globalization has resulted in the establishment of a new world order, which functions mutually, irrespective of the barriers of culture, race or nationality, resulting in the convergence of the entire world into a single global community on a single platform. Social and cultural diversity is an important aspect in the globalization process. Globalization has prompted the establishment of a virtual economy which has resulted in a spectacular augmentation of the volume in trade practices. This has resulted in the dramatic escalation of multinational companies, like McDonalds and KFC or other brands like Seven Eleven and Lifestyle to establish globally and create a greater consumer force. The propensity of these brands to adapt culturally in order to make their presence felt and accepted is one of the major reasons for their success. For instance, the launch of the new chicken Mcgrill burger by McDonalds, priced at only $0.5 or Rs 20/-, specifically to cater to the Indian customers taste and pocket. This was done to provide competition to the local junk foods easily available in the Indian cities. Needless to say, the low priced ‘chicken Mcgrill’ was a runaway success. McDonalds could achieve this due to its cultural sensitivity and the cultural knowledge it possessed regarding the clientele it was catering to. Thus globalization enabled McDonalds to establish itself in a new setting by adapting to the cultural norms of that society. Similar success stories have been created due to the social convergence in the Global scenario which has resulted in multicultural societies rather than national or regional societies. An excellent recent example of this social convergence is the unification of the sports like cricket, under a common brand. The most recent and famous being the Indian Premier League, (IPL) in which the cricket community of the entire world was drawn in together. Players from each country were united under a single IPL banner and were teamed under various Indian state teams, irrespective of which nation they belonged to. This is a classic example of how globalization has enabled the convergence of the national cricket players under a single banner, and never in the history of sports has such a liaison been witnessed. IPL broke even and recorded profits in the very first quarter of the series, with franchisee companies recording profits to the tune of several millions and simultaneously setting the stage for a single global sports fraternity.
Individuals lead different lives and are remembered for what they were able to accomplish during their lifetime. Sojourner Truth is a well renowned individual who is remembered up to date for her contribution towards people’s lives. This paper gives a critical look at the life and contributions associated with Sojourner Truth, the black abolitionist. Sojourner Truth was a remarkable woman. She was born a slave in New York in the year 1797 by the name Isabella Baumfree. She died in 1883 at the age of 86. She was daughter to Elizabeth and James Baumfree. At an age of nine, she was sold and started suffering in the hands of the family that bought her. It was after she was freed from slavery that she changed her name from Isabella Baumfree to Sojourner Truth (a travelling preacher) and decided to be a woman of action. She started travelling far and wide preaching and speaking out for human rights especially in the American Midwest and East. She joined the abolitionist movement in the late 1840s, which enabled her to become a popular speaker. In the 1850s, Sojourner Truth was in a position to speak on women suffrage. She got associated with various development related groups, for instance, religious movements in an effort to perpetrate her work of fighting for the rights and equality among human kind. This was done with an aim of reducing suffering that people went through, more especially the women (Horn 54). Sojourner Truth is remembered for the things she was able to accomplish during her life time. The hard life she encountered as a slave contributed greatly to her work as she did not want people, especially women, to continue suffering as she did. Sojourner Truth got married to a slave but due to the harsh conditions she experienced, she escaped along with her infant daughter in the year 1826. After settling in the new place, Sojourner Truth filed a case in court in an effort to get back her son and startlingly, she won the case. This was not a normal thing for a woman, a black one, and thus Sojourner Truth became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man. One notable contribution was through her eminent impassioned speech entitled ‘Ain’t I a Woman’ at an Ohio women’s rights convention in the year 1851. The speech was aimed at fighting for the rights of women and she convinced the audience that women deserved equal r
Américo Paredes is one of the most renowned Mexican American authors who created works that combine two great cultures and experiences of two nations. Paredes had a great poetic vision and devoted most of his professional life to perpetuating the beauty of his homeland and his people. He was a journalist, a poet, an educator, and “the founding Director” of CMAS (the Center for Mexican American Studies) (Limón ix). The poet considered political, social, and especially cultural facets of the world around him. Of course, it is important to analyze the political and social aspects of people’s lives, but it is essential to focus on culture as it shapes the way humans act, affecting their characters. The present paper will focus on one of his poems, “The Rio Grande,” where the author concentrates on an internal question of the balance between life and death, happiness and sorrow. In the first place, it is necessary to look into some details of Paredes’ life to understand his poetry. Américo Paredes was born in 1915, at the time of great social unrest when Mexican Americans fought for their equality and used violent means to achieve their goals (Limón 4). Notably, the fight for equal rights led to the spread of violence, and people had to overcome the outcomes of that movement until the breakdown of World War II. The future poet had eight siblings, but he still got a very good education due to his poetic talent and, of course, diligence (Medrano and Paredes 9). He left his native town Brownsville to get his degree and start his career as a journalist, poet, and educator (11). He often visited the small city which he really loved. The poem in question was written when he was still in the city. Actually, the poem “The Rio Grande” was written in 1934 when he was only eighteen. Clearly, he was becoming an independent young man, but he remembered very well the days when he and his brother crossed a local river to spend the summertime with his uncle “like Mexicans, listening to the old people tell their stories” (qt. in Medrano and Paredes 12). Hence, folklore was an integral part of the poet’s work and life. Saldívar stresses that the poem is “like the articulations of history” for the young poet (7). It is one of the milestones in his life. As has been mentioned above, the poem under consideration is not about political or even social life