ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
As a reading, I selected “No Girls Allowed: Unraveling the Story Behind the Stereotype of Video Games Being for Boys” by Tracey Lien. This article is relevant for the class because it studies the problems in media products (video games). It is also relevant for my interests because the author writes about gender problems in media. In the article author speaks about the problem of different video games that designed for boys and for girls. The author tries to find out why video game for girls are about princesses but not superheroes and why the number of girl games is smaller than boy games. To answer this question, the author studies history of the video game making and the marketing of this production. Lien studies tendencies in marketing and how the marketologists learn about their audience for video games. Then she tells about what was with the game industry in 1970s: there were few female designers and few girls played video games. The industry was weak and the game makers wanted to have a secure market, so they decided to rely on boys. In later times (80s and 90s) this became a “chicken-and-egg situation”: girls do not play video games because advertisement does not relate to them, and the marketing has no interest in girls because they are not video game players. In this article author explains that gender difference in the video games is a marketing strategy of the companies. It is done because people want the product be designed “exclusively for them,” and it allows the companies sell more products. The main point of Lien’s article is that this strategy is not working now for video games because nowadays some girls want to play superheroes and some boys can play with princesses. The companies should start making games “about superheroes” and “about princesses,” not “for boys” and “for girls.” This article is about video games, and there are some definitions that are not clear for the people who do not play video games. For example, video game console is a special machine which people use to play video games. Aisle is a simple video game in which you can only make one move to get a result. Arcade game is an action game in which you need to use your reflexes to do something very quickly. Coin-op machine is a video game machine set in public places (usually bars), in which you need to drop a coin to play. The historical reasons that nowadays video games are designed in an extremely polarized gendered way are the following. First, marketers know that people always like products that are made just for them (for exam
Introduction Virtually all households, offices, industries, schools, among others, require energy. There are different sources of energy namely electricity, wind, solar, biogas and firewood among, others. Although electricity is the most available source of energy, it qualifies as the main source of environmental pollution. Problem Statement Although solar and wind provide energy, the one from electricity is the common worldwide source of energy. However, there is an increase in Environmental pollution due misuse of the electric power because most households, offices, learning institutions and industries, do not disconnect most of the electric appliances when not in use hence wasting electricity energy. Apart from contributing to the deterioration of the environment, the electric bills also shoot up increasing one’s expenditure. The following project therefore aims at reducing the emissions of electricity due to human ignorance. The hypothesis is that unplugging of all electric appliances for more than six hours a day cuts down the electric bill by twenty percent curbing environmental pollution. Project (Steps) The steps are so simple with no materials needed other than consent from the owner of the home or wherever the project is being managed. The managers might be parents, office bosses, or school administration. The first step is to “…record the number of all the electric appliances like phone chargers, microwaves, toasters and computers, among others, from the house excluding refrigerators and freezers” (Baruch Para. 3). Give an identification name for all the rooms plus the number of electric appliances in each. The second step is to check all the electric devices and gadgets in every room unplugging them from the sockets on the walls, switching off all the bulbs that are on. Using the record book, highlight all the devices that have been unplugged. However, this second step applies at specific times of the day hence consistent and discipline is mandatory. Carry out step two consistently for one month. Thirdly, on the next day, switch on all the electric devices if need be. However, do not switch on appliances when you are not in need of them. On the other hand, there must be a formality and uniformity on the hour, which the appliances are unplugged on each day. On the 30 th day of the month, request for the electric bill from either your parents or the company where you were carrying out your project. Finally, compare the electric bill from the previous month with the one in which the project was done. Calculate the percentage difference and record the results for future reference. Solution This project resolves the environmental issues on depletion of energy sources and environmental pollution. Therefore, conservation of energy through switching of electric appliances is also a solution to curb carbon emissions from electronic devices like computers and microwaves, to quote a few. The calculation of carbon emissions in every household is by using carbon footprint. Hence, the solution to energy conservation is as easy as unplugging electronic appliances when not in use. Proposers and opposes
Bhagavad Gita, a holy text of Hindu religion and philosophy, starts with a scene of an epic battle that is about to commence. A legendary warrior Arjuna and his brothers gathered a large army to wrestle a kingdom that rightfully belonged to them from their cousins. In the last moment, Arjuna suddenly loses his famous courage at the sight of the enemy host. One of the most renowned heroes of the world refused to fight despite all his bravery. However, Krishna, an incarnation of Vishnu, convinced Arjuna to change his mind. At first, Arjuna was determined to avoid bloodshed and fratricide, as he did not see “any good coming from killing kinsmen” (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998, p.74). He saw killing relatives in this battle as a sinful deed that would dishonor his family’s future generations. Arjuna even expressed a wish to die on the battlefield, unarmed and unresisting (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998, p.89). Nevertheless, this strong pacifist stance was overridden by two vital concepts of Hindu philosophy: reincarnation and dharma . Arjuna was confused because a brave warrior like him never felt an aversion to fighting before. He asked Krishna for counsel, and Krishna presented two arguments that might have forced Arjuna to reconsider his decision and eventually go into battle. Firstly, he alleviated Arjuna’s concern about killing friends, teachers, and relatives. Perhaps, material bodies are mortal, but the souls are indestructible; “he is not slain when the body is slain” (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998, p.124). Krishna went even further and compared bodies to clothes, which souls change when the old ones become useless (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998, p.124). Therefore, he convinced Arjuna that all friends and kinsmen who might fall in battle would not cease to exist. Their everlasting souls would remain the same for eternity, so there is no sense in hesitating to destroy the temporary shells. It is possible to argue that the second argument for going to battle was based on fear of loss. Hindu worldview puts a great significance into dharma : a law, a duty, a moral obligation to do what is right (Lief, 2010). At first, Krishna reassured Arjuna: “in the unavoidable discharge of duty, you should not lament” (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998, p.136). After that, Krishna elaborated his argument, claiming that avoiding the battle “will incur sins for neglecting your duties” (Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, 1998, p.145). As a devoted believer and a kshatriya , a member of the warrior caste, Arjuna could not disgrace himself by avoiding the duty of any respected warrior. He had to follow Krishna’s guidance and begin the battle or commit a significant sin and tarnish his reputation. In addition, Krishna had already explained that killing enemies in battle would not destroy their immortal souls. Therefore, Arjuna would not commit any sin if he kills on the battlefield; however, he would incur sin and dishonor by neglecting his warrior’s duty. As a result, the idea of reincarnation reconciled Arjuna with the inev
Executive Summary/ Overview of the company: The international hotel industry has a lot of potential with more people participating in leisure, business and tourism all industry participants are formulating and implementing top notch strategies and offering premium services and products activities. The flagship brand of Marriott International, the Marriott Hotels and resort is one of the world’s most leading and legendary hotel franchises with over 2,800 hotels in about 68 countries. The hotels generate close to three quarters of the total income generated by Marriott International and the rest from timeshares. Marriott international is not only well renowned in the hospitality setting but in the top companies of the world. Establish by Willard J. Marriott in 1927 as a hospitality company at first known as Marriott Corporation in Arlington County, Virginia but was later separated into two, the Marriott international and the Host Marriott Corporation in 1993. The Marriott’s headquarters today is based in Washington D.C. and headed by J.W. (Bill) Marriott, Jr. (son of founder Willard J. Marriott) who is the chief executive officer of the franchise. Marriott International is simply Marriott group’s hotel and lodgings chain with the amount of business transacted over recent times, is approximated at about US$ 13.3 billion. The hotel chain employs close to 15,000 workers worldwide and operates a number of full service hotels and resorts around the world. A poll conducted by times magazine in 2009 placed the Marriott Group fourth overall in an employee fulfillment research done among UK companies. Marriott’s endeavor to offer the best luxurious service to their customers and clients is well embodied in the words and thinking of the founder of the franchise, Willard J. Marriott: “…A man should keep on being constructive, and do constructive things. (Lim, 2009). Marriott therefore intends to exist and compete with other industry performers such as Hyatt and Hilton and outshine them by offering the complete customer experience. Overview of the Company Marriott International Inc. is one of the premiere global operators and franchiser of hotels and associated lodging services. As of the end of 2006, the business owned over 2,800 hotels with a presence in 68 nations. It acquires approximately three quarters of its income from its hotel business and one forth from tim
Jataka describes Prince Vassantara as one of the reincarnations of Buddha. It is possible to note that Prince’s all actions are driven by his desire to give away. This desire makes him give away his treasures, his kingdom and even his family. More so, he is ready to give away his self if it is necessary. This is seen as the highest manifestation of virtue and Jataka describes last reincarnation of Buddha in this way to stress one of the major values of the religion. Admittedly, liberality is seen as one of the most important characteristics of a righteous man. Jataka tells the story of Prince Vassantara to give people the model to follow. The desire to give away appeared in Prince Vassantara when he was in his mother’s womb making his mother crave “to have six almshouses built” and give a lot of gifts, “every day to give six hundred thousand gold coins” (Cone & Gombrich 8). Jataka stresses that it is a very virtuous desire as the king and all his advisors understand that the queen has the future deity in her womb. The king is ready to give lots of gifts as well. The king’s advisors claim that the deity in the queen’s womb “will never be sated with giving” (Cone & Gombrich 8). This is a great blessing for the king who is happy to have such a righteous child. The Prince lives up to the advisors’ words from the very first years of his life. The Prince tends to give away his possessions from his early years. For instance, when he is only four or five, he takes the ornaments from his rooms and gives them away to his nurses. Again, the king is fascinated with this and claims that the nurses should keep the gifts as those are “holy” gifts and what is given by the Prince “is given well” (Cone & Gombrich 10). The child does the same nine times and makes his parents and the whole kingdom even happier (Cone & Gombrich 10). However, these gifts cannot be compared to what Prince Vassantara is ready to give away. At the age of eight, the Prince understands that it is not enough to give away things which are “external” to him (Cone & Gombrich 10). He is surrounded by beautiful and valuable things which can be abandoned. Admittedly, the Prince understands that he does
Introduction For many years Native Americans have endured segregation, prejudice, and racism. This has left many with the question of what place the Native Americans hold in the US society. They have struggled for many years to achieve equality. Many have died and the surviving ones are still facing many problems in their lives. This essay will look at how the Native American came to occupy America and also look at some of the injustices and conflicts they have experienced throughout the years and at present. History of Native Americans It has not been easy to tell the exact history of the Native Americans, but estimates indicate that close to 90 million Native Americans were living in America by the time Europeans set foot in America. It is widely believed that Native Americans travelled through a land bridge from Serbia into the present Alaska. They were first called Indians by Christopher Columbus who by mistake, thought he had landed in the Indies. They were later called American Indians, but at present they are simply known as Native Americans. It is believed that the Europeans were the first people to get in touch with the Indians, who warmly received them in their land (Native American, 2011). Enmity Arises With time the Europeans disregarded the hospitality extended to them and disputes arose mostly concerning land. This led to the White settlers considering the Native Americans as their enemy. They saw them to be less human who were not supposed to live at the same societal level as the whites. They therefore killed those who opposed or tried to stand up against the European invasion of their land. The disregard of the human rights of the Native Americans by the Whites put in place the foundation for racism, prejudice, and discrimination for all the Native Americans for decades in the future. The whites saw Native Americans as a backward people who needed to be civilized. This idea later became an American policy. The Natives who did not budge to the pressure were removed from their land by force. This led to wars, the famous Indian wars in which many Indians perished. Those who remained were put in reserves where living conditions were poor. In such conditions, the natives were attacked by diseases such as cholera, smallpox and many other deadly diseases that wiped out entire villages (Native Americans, 2011). Outright Discrimination Prejudices become explicit when the Spanish labeled Native Americans as brutal and unenlightened. They took all the resources from the Natives land and killed many in the disguise of religious and racial superiority. Soon the Native Americans were reduced to manageable numbers and thus became subordinates to the Europeans. The nineteenth century experienced widespread segregation of the Native Americans. The US government policies worked to the advantage of the now dominant whites while disregarding the natives. The po
Introduction The hog farming industry is a worldwide industry. It concerns itself with the production of pork and other pig products. Hog farming is usually the production or raising of pigs on a large scale basis. There are other producers around the world who raise pigs on a small scale basis. This kind of farming is referred to as a pigsty. China and the United States are the largest producers of pork products from the hog farming industry. Hog farming requires that the pigs are raised indoors in clean atmospheres to reduce production costs. Taking an example of the United States, a modern average hog farm usually has an average of around 2000 pigs. On the other side, large-scale producers like Smithfield foods may have up to 10,000 pigs at a single factory. In the United States, the hog farming industry is very important, with annual revenue of almost $15 billion. Hog farming involves six main stages of production. These stages are; breeding, the second is gestation, thirdly there is farrowing (birthing), fourthly there is weaning, weaning is followed by the nursery and grow finishing. The grow-finishing stage is the stage at which the hogs are ready to be harvested. The demand for pork is usually driven by two major factors. These are; the domestic demand for pork products and, secondly, the international demand for the same products. Due to the presence of many firms competing in the industry, the profitability of a single firm depends on how efficiently the firm can carry out its operations. Analysis The hog farming industry is a global industry. As a result, there are many ways in which the economy can affect the success of the industry either positively or negatively. However, it is important to note that a strong economic performance compounded by higher per capita incomes goes a long way in increasing the demand for pork products. Despite the rivalry between the firms within the hog farming industry, the industry also faces stiff competition from companies that produce other meat products. Such industries include poultry farming, fish farming, and livestock farming. Due to stiff competition within the industry, some firms prefer to specialize in certain stages of the production line. These may include from farrow to finish, wean to finish, or breeding. Taking an example of the United States hog farming industry, it is important to note that it is not the economy of the United States that matters but also the global economy. This is due to the fact that the United States is a major exporter of pork products. This means that the country is an exporter. It requires for the econ
The bathymetry of the ocean seafloor and plate tectonics Modern scientists have a great number of various tools at their disposal, which allow investigators to discover new dimensions and analyze things and factors unknown before. Furthermore, the evolution of various technical devices also conditioned the appearance of new information about various objects, places, and phenomena. Bathymetry could be considered one of the relatively new practices that became extremely important for the investigators of the seafloor. In general, the term refers to the oceans depth relative to sea level. However, the implementation of the new technologies and practices in the process of investigation of the sea depths resulted in the appearance of the new meaning. At the moment, the term means a sort of submarine topography or the depths and shapes of the underwater surface and terrain (“What is bathymetry?” para. 1). Bathymetric measurements provide precise information about the ocean floor. They show how it is varied, complex, and ever-changing (“Ocean-Floor Bathymetry” para. 3) in its nature. Besides, this sort of map demonstrates the land and terrain of the underwater surface. The tiniest variations in sea-floor relief could show a number of important processes that might happen and impact the environment. For this reason, this very practice is also related to plate tectonics as it provides the possibility to determine the borders of various plates, their movement, and the slightest but meaningful changes in their location. The usage of the measurements obtained due to the bathymetric analysis provides the significant information needed to predict the further behavior of tectonic plates. Furthermore, this very data is crucial for scient
Definition of Whole Foods’ Products This company specializes in distributing organic foods that are produced in natural ways. These foods are grown in farms and derive nutrients from nature. The products’ nutrients are not supplemented by organic fertilizers like those of other companies like Wal-Mart. In addition, these products are processed and stored in natural ways without using artificial preservatives. This means that when a client buys any product from this company the person will enjoy the natural taste and flavor of the products. This is achieved by using natural ways of preserving and processing farm products. Even though, this company may be offering a higher price compared to other companies most clients prefer having quality food that will not risk their health. This is shown in most labels that claim the products are 100% natural, organic and contain no additives. In addition, this company has a variety of products that supplement each other like wines and cheese. The employees are well trained to offer useful information and tips about various products. These products are sourced from local areas to ensure each stall monitors and identifies naturally produced vegetables, fruits and animal products. The above principles help this company to ensure it delivers value to its clients without necessarily forcing them to visit its stores due to lack of other options. Threats Posed by the Popularity of Organics The entrance of competitors like Wal-Mart in selling organic products is a sign of hard times ahead for this company. It is easy to predict that this company is no longer going to enjoy the monopoly of distributing organic products in Canada. It is necessary to state that while other companies are exploring the benefits of stocking and supplying organic products the consumer market remains constant. This means that these companies will compete for this market and share their clients proportionally. As a result, Whole Foods will face serious challenges since other big companies have economies of scale and production that will enable them to dominate this market. In addition, they are already established and known by consumers; therefore, they will not need introduction or extensive marketing strategies to get a good share of the market. On the other hand, the popularity of organic products in this region will not affect this company’s market if it develops strategies to retain its clients. It has already established a large clientele base and should focus on retaining it and if possible getting new ones from other competitors. The best way to start competing is by ensuring the existing clients are offered quality services. This will make them market this company to other potential clients. Even though, other competitors like Wal-Mart have started selling organics it will take time before their clients start buying them. In addition, the new entrants will take time before they discover the secrets of quality organics. This will give Whole Foods time to prepare to face their competitors and in the process it will gain competitive advantages. Theref