ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Pledging is a very important part of the tradition, bonding, and initiation in the Greek system. The practice of going through a ritual to initiate a new group member has been occurring for thousands of years and is intended to allow the initiate to emerge from the process knowing they have trying everything possible to be accepted as a member. Modern pledging has taken a wrong turn, moving away from ritual and tradition to psychological and physical abuse. Since 1990, more deaths have occurred on college and university campuses as a result of pledging accidents than all recorded history of college-related deaths. So, what can be done to ensure pledging fraternities and sororities is a safe process? What is it about pledging that threatens every student who approaches the event? Every person, article, and journal agrees that the problem with the pledging process is simple—hazing. This is fairly clear, as stories of alcohol poisoning and terrible accidents surrounding fraternities and sororities have been front-page news for years. For such a horrible and publicized issue, why is hazing still a problem? The situation has reached its extreme with more deaths due to hazing accidents occurring in the last 15 years on college and university campuses than in the history of all college-related deaths. (Schmalzer 3) Pledging has been around for decades yet is suddenly getting more dangerous. Modern pledging has become increasingly cruel and abusive. New and effective preventative measures are needed to prevent past and future maltreatment during the pledging process. To go about solving the problem, one needs to understand the problem; what is hazing? Different sources have different definitions for hazing, especially in the context of fraternities and sororities. Even though 42 states and most universities have rules against hazing, one journal points out that “the authorities have not established common ground about hazing.” (Ellsworth 40) A clear, specific, and u
Introduction Women have in the present day been accredited with playing a pivotal role in the building of our nation. This task did not begin in the recent past but can trace its birth back to the colonial American era where the traditional role of women was reinvented due to the realities of the new world. Prior to the colonial era, the roles of women were greatly limited by the traditional attitudes of women as the “weaker sex”. They previously clearly defined roles began to be blurred mostly as a consequence of the labor deficit in colonial America which led to a state where the contribution by the women was most vital for the survival of the family. The lives of the women in Colonial American were therefore marked with multiple responsibilities and immense contribution in trade activities. This paper shall set out to document some of the typical trades that women were involved in. The ways in which women’s work differed from men’s as well as the manner in which women got involved in this trade shall also be articulated. Women in Trade The building industry was of great significance in colonial America and as such, one of the trades that women were involved in was brick making. This was one of the less glamorous trades and most of the practitioners in this trade were slaves and poor unskilled free laborers. Women were therefore initiated into this trade as slaves practicing for their masters or when they were poor and needed some livelihood. Brick making was labor intensive and laborers were expected to work for days on end. Women were therefore given the easier tasks such as stomping on the clay or arranging the bricks in the kiln. They also engaged in the relatively easier task of putting clay into wooden molds. Men on the other hand worked in the kilns and ensured that the fires were consistent for up to a week. While a vast majority of blacksmiths were men, women also ventured into this trade. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation reveals that the women who participated in this male-dominated trade mostly did so out of a lack of choice other than for the love of the craft. Also, women born into a family which practiced this craft but had no sons would be obligated to learn the techniques of the trade. Women who wanted to become blacksmiths underwent apprenticeship under a seasone
A sudden snowstorm surprised the North Dakota area on Monday morning, causing many accidents around the area. One of the accidents had happened at around 9:40 a.m. at Interstate 94. “Two cars and a truck wrecked at about 9:30 a.m. and left motorists stuck on the highway for 70 minutes,” Lieutenant Bob Boone, the Fargo Fire Department spokesman reported. This was evident with the many cars packed up half a mile on both sides of the scene. At the scene were two fire engines, a water-tanker truck, a rescue squad, a paramedics unit, a tow truck, and state and county troopers. Boone confirmed that the truck driver got minor injuries but was rushed to MeritCare medical Center. John Washburn, an undergraduate in a local university, was lucky to remain uninjured after driving into a mailbox. He reported that he had just pulled off his snow tires the previous week. “The ground froze fast last night when it was near zero. The concrete was so cold this morning that instead of melting, the snow turned to ice,” said Dotty, who witnessed the accident. A 68-year-old woman died on impact when her vehicle slammed into a mailbox. There were no witnesses to the accident. On a separate incident, students taking driving lessons collided but remained unharmed. However, the driving instructors suffered broken bones. The National Weather Service at Fargo’s Hector International Airport reported about the source of the snowstorm. The forecasters had only expected mere flurries. Boone reported that the accidents occurred since the drivers had removed their snow tires. In total, sixty vehicle accidents occurred between 9 a.m. and 11 a.m.
Aspects of Dr. Williams’ behavior that influence the families he works with The behavioral aspects of Dr. Williams that influence the decisions and the health care outcomes of the families he works with are cultural incompetence, language, family beliefs, views, experiences and backgrounds of those families. Dr. Williams is not able to learn about the people’s culture because of lack of time; he is uncomfortable with that that he experiences problems with speaking about patients’ culture and way of life due to contradiction with scientific findings. This comes out clearly when he was handling the Waleed family. Their belief in the evil eye was totally against the scientific evidence. So it is hard for him to deal with that. The Waleed thought that the doctor was undermining them. In Vietnamese families, for instance, the Phans, speaking loudly and hurriedly is considered bad manners. Moreover, in their culture, men are addressed but not women, and mothers give their children’s test medicines because of lack of sufficient medical regulations. Normally, mothers care for their children. In addition, according to the Vietnam traditions, putting hands in the pocket or passing a form with a single hand is absolutely uncouth. Dr. Williams needs to understand the languages of the families he works with. For example, in the case of Chiphan, he was not able to communicate with them effectively because he applied medical terminologies without worrying at all about the families’ health literacy. This family, therefore, did not receive any healthcare and considered him to be impolite in the way he addressed them and sworn not to come back to him again. The roles of culture, ethnicity, race and socioeconomic status The responsibilities played by culture, ethnicity, race and socioeconomic status in families’ experiences in the healthcare system have differences in receiving treatment based on these factors (Paez, 2008). There is evidence that the minor cultural and tribal groups get an inferior quality of healthcare as compared to the major groups.i.e. the Americans. The factors affecting access to healthcare such as insurance covers, age, disease severity and income are controlled (Paez, 2008). There is a significant difference in how patients who require lung cancer surgery, kidney transplants, cardiac catherization, amputations, flu vaccinations and mammography are treated depending on their culture, race, socio-economic status and ethnicity. Factors influencing disparities in healthcare outcomes Treatment of patients of some groups is different from others mostly because of their race and ethnic backgrounds. Black’s reports that they have received unfair treatment as compared to the white, and they also anticipate unfair treatment in the future based on race and ethnicity. Illustrations portray that life expectancy of white groups is significantly higher than of other groups irrespective of their level of education (Howard & Jeffrey, 2009). Economic barriers, lack of transport, mistrust, care see
Summary The concept of Corporate Entrepreneurship (CE) is commonly regarded as a set of efficient methods for the generation of competitive advantages, increased financial performance, innovation, and sustainability of business operations (Ackermann & Kern 2013). Nevertheless, researchers argue that it requires the creation of a specific internal environment which can enable organizations to make employees more creative and innovative. CE is related to risks because the attempts to innovate products or services cannot be successful at once. But when management provides a supportive and encouraging environment for CE, the opportunities for the achievement of greater individual and organizational innovativeness increase. Considering this, in this paper, we report the results of the study conducted in a selected large UAE organization that is known for its CE efforts and orientation towards innovation in its market segment. The objective of the study is the analysis of the relationships between five factors of the internal organizational environment (management support, work discretion, time availability, organizational boundaries, and reward system) and their influence on the success or failure of CE processes in the selected company. The evaluation of data collected through the use of a valid questionnaire helped to attain a better understanding of CE and practices in the modern international business. The specific aims of the study include the analysis of areas of performance identified in the recent academic paper by Kuratko, Hornsby, and Covin (2014). Through the evaluation of individual employees’ opinions on these factors which support CE, the given research aims to determine how the internal corporate situation affects entrepreneurial activities and suggest evidence-based recommendations for the improvement of the CE outcomes based on the assessment results. Theoretical Background The term of CE implies the process of developing new business within an organization to achieve greater profitability and productivity, as well as a better competitive position (Lekmat & Chelliah 2014). CE is a systematic renewal of the existing corporate business practices. When a company adopts the entrepreneurial behavior, it attempts to enhance both internal and external-oriented decision-making activities and increase innovativeness (Ackermann & Kern 2013). Some researchers suggest that it is possible for an organization to become more innovative by encouraging
Domestic violence victims are protected by federal and state laws and can seek relief in criminal or civil courts. The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) is among the regulations that ensure additional resources are provided effectively to violence victims. However, successful law implementation can be challenged by individual or political factors. The purpose of this paper is to compare articles regarding how the ability of law enforcement can be limited. Leigh Goodmark addresses the decriminalization of domestic violence. According to the author, the US took a path towards criminalizing domestic violence and has continued to follow it, using various legal systems (Goodmark, 2017). As a result, scholars argue that the trend towards the criminalization of domestic violence saw a surge in mass incarceration, creating a societal problem (Goodmark, 2017). The article highlights how political and social issues impact the execution of domestic violence laws. Miller and Segal (2019) in the second article, question whether women in the police force impact crime reporting policies and domestic violence escalation. According to Miller and Segal (2019), women’s involvement in law enforcement has geared significant influence. In most cases, women are the common victims of violence at home and confide easily to female officers. In both articles, the central idea concerning law enforcement abilities highlights the key areas where legal institutions and the government could effectively address domestic violence issues. Goodmark (2017) informs that positioning domestic violence as a noncriminal act is not the right approach. Similarly, Miller and Segal (2019) advise that increasing the female police force enhances law enforcement relating to domestic violence at an individual level. Thus, to counter social crimes in the community, more female police can support law reinforcement. However, the article by Goodmark (2017) is politics-based, informing of two conflicting issues facing the criminal justice system. The decision on whether domestic violence should be decriminalized is subject to political debate, proposers asserting a relief on mass incarceration (Goodmark, 2017). The article by Miller and Segal (2019) looks at law enforcement’s approach from an individual perspective. The authors infer that, without female police officers in the policing system, crime reporting would likely reduce because victims will retaliate from opening up to male officers. In summary, implementing domestic violence laws is a crucial step to protecting vulnerable individuals in the communities. Studies reveal that some political and individual forces can limits regulatory practices, requiring alternative approaches and reinforcements. At the enforcement stage, careful consideration of the identified factors is paramount. Federal and state laws on domestic violence are clear
FIFA president Sepp Blatter’s “light-hearted” comments on Real Madrid’s forward Christiano Ronaldo could not have come at a worse time. Although the Swiss have since personally apologized to the Real Madrid player for his “unacceptable hair expenses” comment when he was asked to compare Ronaldo against Lionel Messi during his address to the Oxford Union last week, the football club is reading malice especially coming at a time when players for the prestigious Ballon d’Or award were awaiting nomination (Aspin para. 1-4). It is common knowledge that Real Madrid has been preparing for the occasion to overthrow Barcelona during this year’s FIFA’s World Player of the year presentation. Both Christian and Messi have been nominated to compete for FIFA’s Ballon d’Or, along with other European soccer heavyweights such as Gareth Bale, Franck Ribery, Arjen Robben, Andrea Pirlo, Andres Iniesta, Philip Lahm and Bastian Schweinsteiger (Ingle para. 1-7). Although Messi has been outstanding this year, though not to the level and shape he was between 2009 and 2012 when he rocked the world by being crowned the most prolific and professional player four years in a row (Ingle para. 20), Ronaldo’s exceptional form in recent times means that the player could be on spot to topple the Argentine International. Such an achievement definitely means much for Ronaldo, but so much more for Real Madrid. It therefore came as a surprise for Real Madrid when last week FIFA’s president Sepp Blatter admitted openly to preferring Messi over Ronaldo, and went further to describe Messi as “good boy” before going on to say, in perceptible reference to the Portugal international, that “one has more expenses for the hairdresser than the other” (Aspin para. 5). The FIFA boss didn’t stop there; rather he went a step further to liken Messi to “a good boy who every mother and father would like to have at home”, and Ronaldo to “a commander on the field of play” (Aspin para. 17-19). It is these remarks that have catapulted Real Madrid’s president Florentino Perez into branding Blatter’s comments as unacceptable, disrespectful and unfair to a professional football player who has a wide fan base around the world (Aspin para.1-7). The Portuguese Football Association also reacted angrily to the comments and called upon Blatter to provide an explanation on what he really meant. Although Blatter’s original descriptions of the two players came during a question and answer session at a university event, Real Madrid is reading much more that the “light-hearted c
Introduction In recent years, there has been a resurgence of public attention to whistleblowing. Several factors have contributed to this resurgence. Recent cases of whistleblowing have been well-publicized, including three high-profile cases in 2001 involving Sherron Watkins of Enron, Coleen Rowley of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Cynthia Cooper of WorldCom. The attention to the topic is also reemerging at a time when there is a growing interest in corporate ethics and ethical business practices. This resurgence has also made the topic timely for scholarly inquiry. Whistle Blowing Defined Whistle-blowing has been defined as “the act of a man or woman who, believing that the public interest overrides the interest of the organization he serves publicly ‘blows the whistle’ if the organization is involved in corrupt, illegal, fraudulent or harmful activity” (Schermerhorn, 2000). It has also been defined as “the disclosure by organizational members (former or current) of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices under the control of their employers, to persons or organizations that may be able to affect the action” (Near & Miceli, 455). Many other definitions of whistleblowing exist, though they run into problems of inclusion and exclusion and create problems for the researcher attempting to operationally the concept as a form of organizational communication. The following definition comes close to providing sufficient clarity: Whistle-blowing occurs when an individual performs an action or series of actions intended to make the information public. The information is made a matter of public record and is about a possible or actual non-trivial wrongdoing in an organization, and the individual who performs the action is a member or former member of the organization (Grant, 396). This distinction is important because the whistleblower should not be confused with the boat-rocker, who is an organizational member who expresses dissent in a direct, straightforward manner within the boundaries of the organization (Read, 354). There are two compelling reasons why this boat rocking behavior should not be considered whistleblowin
Introduction The conflict between Israel and Palestine is the most important security issue the Middle East is facing. This conflict is related to the concept of Palestinian national identity. The Palestinians do not have a state of their own and they currently occupy the geographical area that constitutes Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip (Ghanem, 2013). The dominant Palestinian national goal is to establish an independent state in this geographical area. However, the Palestinians have been unable to obtain their own state. In addition to this, they have suffered from Israel’s conquest and occupation of some of their territories. These issues have led to the perpetration of violent acts against the Israeli. In addition, the Israelis have engaged in state sponsored attacks against Palestinians. Each side is of the opinion that its use of violence against the other is justified. The conflict between Israel and Palestine has triggered the use of numerous radical warfare tactics. Both parties are guilty of practicing terrorist actions, making it difficult to classify who the actual terrorists are. History Origin of the Conflict in the Land of Israel Role of the British Government The defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War led to the establishment of British rule in Palestine. This was a crucial event since Palestine under British Mandate was a country separated from the Arab world and ruled over by a Christian power. Prominent Jewish leaders pushed for the support of Britain to help them establish a home in Palestine. This support was confirmed when the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs issued the Balfour Declaration in November 1917. This declaration affirmed British determination to assist the Jews to establish a national home for themselves in Palestine. The Britain Mandate of Palestine acknowledged the Jewish people and recognized their ambition for statehood (Rowley & Taylor, 2006). At the same time, the mandate refused to recognize the Palestinian Arabs as people even though they made up 90% of the population at the time of British occupation (Khalidi, 2007). In addition to this, Britain supported the Jewish Agency. Using this organization, the Jews were able to make a greater impact on the economy of Palestine. This provided them with better opportunities to buy more land in the region. This support further increased the animosity between the Jews and the Arabs in Palestine. Land for the Jewish people post World War 2 The need for a Jewish state emerged after the tumult of the 19th century Europe. This turmoil led to increased persecution and enforced isolation of the Jewish people by the rest of the society. Prominent Jewish individuals in Western Europe were forced to concede that the Jewish people could only achieve peace and true equality by creating their own nation