ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Circumstances and Encountered Issues In the case study presented, the overall setting surrounding the Asian Health Services (AHS) corporation appears to put additional pressure on the enterprise’s executives. AHS is a prosperous organization that was able to process over 117,000 patient visits in 2014 and possessed seven sites in addition to three owned properties (Chung & Chin, 2015). However, with the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the situation changed drastically, creating both advantages and disadvantages for AHS. Although ACA increased patient supply, the medical organization encountered a significant challenge when introducing the new uninsured clients into the system and beginning their treatment (Chung & Chin, 2015). Furthermore, under the introduced act, the quality of care had to be improved tremendously, and the pay for performance framework had to be implemented (Chung & Chin, 2015). In the long term, these challenges were overcome by establishing an electronic medical records system, focusing on patient support, and adding new services. Nonetheless, several issues remained to be addressed despite the successful changes. Currently, the organization needs to enhance its efforts in providing better care for its employees. As such, the customer services department requires more multilingual staff for efficient communication, while the chief medical officer argues that physicians and other providers need additional incentives (Chung & Chin, 2015). The medical and dental clinics were also suggested for expansion, given the increased numbers of patients (Chung & Chin, 2015). Therefore, crucial decisions are to be made if AHS is to improve its current outputs and resolve the emerging complications. Asian Health Services: Mission, Vision, and Value Statements The mission, vision, and values statements are critical components of any organization’s communication with the shareholders. For AHS, the current mission is to offer medical services for the populations that suffer from the lack of services provision, including the Asian community (Chung & Chin, 2015). In addition, AHS strives to ensure that such factors as personal income, insurance, language, or culture do not impede access to health care services for the individuals who require them. After that, the corporation’s vision is to reform the medical industry by creating innovative strategies that allow its patients to receive the necessary services. However, the organization also strives to successfully adjust to the changing demographics, the free market economy, and the consumers’ preferences (Chung & Chin, 2015). Finally, AHS’ values are to remain a not-for-profit operation that also demonstrates the traits of a successful business. The essential principle of patient care at AHS is to put the customer first to satisfy their various needs. Nevertheless, it is also critical for the medical organization to deliver high-quality healthcare for the patients and establish the best working conditions for the employees. To properly understand the enterprise’s mission, vision, and v
The Value of Children In the last decade, the research on the value of children has been gaining popularity in several fields such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, and demographics (Trommsdorf, Kim & Nauck, 2005). The research targets the implications for the socio-demographic patterns in relation to the perspective on children all around the world. The attitudes towards the value of children differ a lot from one society to another. This paper compares two different viewpoints. The first one states that children are worth investing in and the other one maintains that there are more important areas that require investment. The Value of Children as a Concept As a concept, the value of children (VOC) is not new. This issue has been the focus of scientific attention for several decades. Around 40 years ago the demographers and economists have created original research addressing the reasons why modern individuals have or do not have a desire to have children and invest in them (Trommsdorf, Kim & Nauck, 2005). The positive and negative value of children was researched from the economical point of view to determine why young couples tended to see having children as obstacles to further development and financial independence. This way, economic markers of the fertility patterns were addressed. The research by Trommsdorf, Kim, and Nauck (2005) approached the issue of the value of children from the cross-cultural point of view comparing the three last generations and their fertility patterns in some different countries in order to collect data for the observation of socioeconomic and cultural changes across the globe. The research shows that intergenerational relationships, the presence or lack of the intergenerational support and reciprocity are one of the most powerful impacts on the fertility patterns and the value of children (Trommsdorf, Kim & Nauck, 2005). Positive Value of Children The paper by Birchenall and Soares (2009) argues that fertility and altruism are factors that model the value parents normally assign to their children. The researchers maintain that fertility is motivated by altruism because in an egoistic society a parent would not be interested in their children’s mortality rates, besides, altruism is an important aspect in terms of the adult people’s welfare concerning their decision about the number of children they have and their willingness to invest into the reduction of the child mortality (Birchenall & Soares, 2009). Moreover, among the macro variables determining the rates of the positive value of children on the country level were researched from the perspective of the general cultural orientation and the level of social development of a particular country (Ziehm & Albert, 2013). This way, logically, the value of children would be higher in a collectivist culture. The representatives of collectivis
Introduction A virtual private network (VPN) is a technological platform that allows users to send and receive information across private and public networks. The functionality, security protocols, and management policies of the network facilitate the safe and secure dissemination of information among users. Technological advancement has introduced numerous flaws to VPNs that have increased the risk of security breach. VPN users deal with numerous security flaws that compromise the safe dissemination of sensitive information. These flaws emerge from exploitable vulnerabilities in the design of VPNs and ineffective implementation of best practices by users. Common security threats include hackers, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service (DoS), and lack of firewalls. These threats are mitigated through the sue firewall, antivirus, and antispam software, data encryption, and implementation of strong password policies. Common types of VPN Virtual private networks have different capabilities and security features that create secure connections between networks and computer systems. Three of the most common types of VPNs include Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP), Layer Two Tunneling Protocol, and Secure Socket Layer VPN (SSL) (Malik, 2003). Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol This is the most common type of VPN protocol because it is easy to use. The protocol allows users to access networks using their internet connection and individualized passwords. Passwords enable users to log on to the network securely and confirm their identity. This protocol is preferred by many network users because it does not require the use of additional hardware. Instead, users install specific add-on software applications in order to establish connections with service providers or other users. Despite its simplicity and functionality, PPTP has two main weaknesses. First, it does not provide data encryption. Second, it relies on the Point-to-Point Protocol to provide security to users. The advantages of PPTP include compatibility with Microsoft’s Windows, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness (Stewart, 2013). PPTP is a default application, and therefore users of Windows do not face the challenges of installing and using it. Moreover, it is cheaper than other VPN protocols because it requires fewer certificates to access. Users do spend money on buying computer certificates. Its disadvantages include low-security standards and poor performance when used with unstable connections. It is difficult to determine the authenticity of information using PPTP due to a lack of features to verify data origin. This weakness makes the protocol ineffective for the dissemination of sensitive information (Stewart, 2013). Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) This type of VPN connects users using shared infrastru
Brand loyalty Recent research indicates that Australian customers are committed to purchase and repurchase Japanese cars such as Subaru -63, 1 %, Toyota – 58, 9 %, and Mazda – 57,6 percent (Roy Morgan Research, unpaged). The fourth, fifth, and sixth places are occupied by Volksvwagen, Honda, and Holden. In turn such companies as Ford, Nissan, Hyundai, Mitsubishi have lower level of brand loyalty, approximately, 35 percent (Roy Morgan Research, unpaged). On the basis of these data it is possible to argue that the average level of brand loyalty is relatively low which means that Australian customers do not feel attached to one particular car-manufacturing company. Moreover, a new entrant will be able to gain the trust of consumers either by providing products that would be superior in terms of reliability, design, gas consumption, and so forth. Capital requirements A company, which intends to start its operations in Australia, will have to incur the following expenses: 1) cost of recruiting and hiring personnel; 2) lease of premises for manufacturing facilities; 3) procurement of equipment; 4) the fees paid to the government. At this point, it is impossible to present any definitive number because there is no available information about the costs incurred by foreign car-manufacturing companies, when they were starting their operations in Australia. The thing is that the majority of these corporations like Toyota, Ford, Mazda or Mitsubishi launched their operations more than then twenty years ago, and since that time, the cost of equipment and averages salaries have changed. Cultural dimensions of Australia and South Korea At this point, it is necessary to indentify cultural dimensions of Australia and South Korea. Our finding can be presented in table format. This comparison will be based on the theory of cultural dimensions developed by Geert Hofstede (2010, unpaged). Country      Power distance                                    Individuality  Uncertainty Avoidance  Collectivism and individualism                                         Time orientation             Quality vs Quality of life South Korea  63 High (more formal relations among colleagues)  25. Low        90 – very high         Collectivism (more emphasis on group work)                             Long-term orientation 91.    Quality                    Australia    Low – 40 (less formal relations among collegues)  High 95        67 – Relatively High   Individualism (more attention is paid to the individual contribution)  Short Term Orientation – 47  Quality                     (Hofstede, unpaged) The major difference between the cultures the two countries is power distance and attitude toward individuality. In Australia, colleagues tend to relate to each other as equals, even despite the fact that the
Cultural Issues in a Virtual Team There are various cultural issues that a virtual team leader or the members usually encounter in their daily undertakings. One of them is the fact that the members of these groups do not share similar communication skills. This is as a result of different usage of their languages and also their varied non-verbal ways of sending messages. Secondly, in some cultures, it is taboo to talk about certain aspects of life while in others, people are so free to talk about their feelings and even give personal information. Thirdly, people have got different opinions as regards matters of conflict. In this case, some people support conflict when handling their disputes while others do not support it. Another cultural issue is that the virtual team members will make their decisions in different ways. Some people will opt for democracy while others will always try and object to what their leader says. To promote cultural sensitivity one has to put the following measures in place. One of them is to encourage sharing amongst members to enhance oneness. Secondly, the group with the help of their leader should set rules to be followed by each member. Finally, we should encourage collaborative efforts to make members have a sense of belonging in one community, thus one culture for all people. How Anonymity and Being Text-Based Would Result in Closeness and Intimacy Between Group Members? Some features of virtual group dynamics such as anonymity and being text-based would result in closeness and intimacy. One of the instances is whereby; the socially anxious individuals can comfortably form social bonds in virtual groups. Here the shy people will be able to establish relationships which are extremely intimate unlike in face to face encounter. Secondly, it enables one to establish new ties and creates an avenue to maintain existing ties. This is quite helpful especially in situations in which ones’ family members are separated geographically. Also, this reduces the feeling of isolation and loneliness and thus increasing ones’ social circles. Finally, the members of virtual groups usually identify some new and very important social aspects and try by all means to actualize them. This creates a desire for them to meet their friends in person. The anonymity can also be felt as a result of deindividuality (situation whereby one is submerged in environmental conditions such as that of darkness or a large number of people thus losing self-awareness) which is of negative effects. The reduced self-awareness can lead to aggressive behaviors. This is because it lessens the ones’ sense of responsibility and gives one less force to abide by the societal required standard of behavior. It also weakens people’s ability to restrain their behaviors and thus they react to their emotions resulting in antisocial behaviors thus hostility. The Concept of a Mature or “Learning” Group There are several undertakings in which one can make as a facilit
Organizational psychology has been in existence for as long as the history of mankind. There are many other fields that have embraced the use of psychology in understanding and improving the various fields. It involves the use of psychological principles to understand and transform practices in a given fields. Some of them include, educational, industrial, and clinical. Organizational leaders have been on the forefront in applying psychological perspectives, particularly when it comes to dealing with employees as well as in the recruitment of new ones. This is because virtually all undertakings of an organization involve human beings and continued interaction. The need to understand the things that motivate and discourage them becomes of paramount importance. The achievement of organizational goals/mission and vision relies on how much the leaders interact with the employees right from the point of entry into the organization’s day to day activities (Sharma, 2007). The paper discusses the recruitment process from an organizational and applicant perspective, explains how the principles of organizational psychology can be utilized in the recruitment process. It describes the concept of organizational socialization and how the process can be enhanced by applying the principles of organizational psychology. Commentaries about specific work experiences are also provided. The Recruitment Process Organizational psychology is mostly applied in the human resource development department since it is mainly concerned with human interaction. From an organization’s perspective, the organizational psychologists are critical when it comes to offering advice on who is the best to be hired by the organization (Flanagin & Waldeck, 2004). According to research findings, they guide in outlining the qualities desirable in a potential employee. The leaders of an organization would be interested in knowing what group of people to recruit into their team depending on what they will contribute to the development of the organization. They will always strive to make their organization attractive to potential employees as well as other stakeholders. During the recruitment process, they will be looking out for the individuals with desired characteristics for each job. Organizations may hire the services of a professional or do it within the organization. Applicants, on the other hand, are introduced into a given organization long before they send their application for employment. Usually, they already have predetermined opinions about the organization and how they conduct their recruitment process (Sharma, 2007). This greatly influences how a potential employee perceives the organization. The applicants develop individual opinions through the various channels which an organization may choose in the recruitment process like the print or electronic media and internal recruitment. The Principles of Organizational Psychology and the Recruitment Process Organizational psychology relies on scientific methodology to try and explain the behavioral orientation
Introduction Facebook, widely regarded as the most popular social networking sites among students, is created to connect users. It allows people to customize their profiles with personal information such as pictures, relationships and personal interests. What’s more, all Facebook users from a common region or users who list a certain movie or music as a favourite form a group. Under user profiles, each of these portions of information constitutes a link. When a user clicks on one of these links, it shows information of other users in the network that incorporated that aspect in their profiles. Other links are further structured around user-created clusters that usually depict expressive labels such as name of a fraternity or feminism is fun (Educause Learning Initiative 2006, p. 1). Concerns have emerged regarding the risks posed by Facebook. In some cases, the profiles posted in Facebook do not represent the people behind them. For instance, the urge to gain online popularity may entice some Facebook users to post awkward pictures or data that would otherwise be kept confidential in a different context. Although many students know how to conceal private information from the public sphere, some lack the prudence to depict themselves properly online. In some cases, students may get in trouble regarding photos and comments they post about themselves. In addition, libel and copyright issues may surface when students make inappropriate comments about others or infringe on intellectual property rights of other people. This problem is aggravated by internet caching whereby web content may be accessible even after it has been altered or eradicated from a web site. Addiction is also common among some users who spent many hours daily searching for friends or updating their profiles. An apparently infinite web of links, nevertheless, creates a risk for endless roving, seeing who likes what, who knows who, and how it all integrate, without any precise objective in mind (Educause Learning Initiative 2006, p. 2). Case Study Analysis During the next semester, Angela plans to visit Hungary and study at a university in Budapest. She aspires to gain more information about Hungary before departing. Angela has a Facebook account but she has not updated her profile because she does not use Facebook regularly. Since Angela attends a somewhat small college
Definition In the contemporary world, religion is defined as “an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods” ( Religion , 2015). Regardless of being such an all-consuming and well-spread concept, religion is often treated as a variety of different notions. For example, the word “religion” may be used in general sense in reference to a culture or a nation and their most popular religious confessions and practices, and also as an individual worldview that is unique for each particular person. This way, apart from the traditional and general ideas about religions and what they include, each individual has their own point of view on spirituality and the divine. Besides, even the people who formally belong to particular religious confessions have very different attitudes towards them. For instance, each religious community consists of the individual who strictly follows the rules outlined in their holy books and the individuals who do not take religion seriously and do not practice the rituals specific for it. Common Practices across Various Religions Each religion relies on a set of standard ideas that are common for most confessions and cultures. Among the central religious concepts, there are a concept of God (one or several), the notion of good and evil, the afterlife (what happens to people after they pass away), the idea of creation (the beginning of everything that is explained differently by each religion), sin and virtue (the knowledge of what can and cannot be done, behaviors that are either appreciated and encouraged or forbidden by a particular religion) ( Basic Religious Concepts , n. d.). In addition, all of the world’s religions – modern and ancient – are known to generate sacred objects and shrines. The most common religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, have temples, churches, cathedrals, and mosques. Besides, the tradition of pilgrimage (a journey to a shrine located far away) is typical for all of these religions. As for the less common religions such as the indigenous ones, they are recognized by the use of holy objects such as idols, totems, charms, and artifacts ( Indigenous Religions , 2007). These objects and their meanings are very similar to the statues and paintings of divine beings used in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity. Critical Issues in the Academic Study of Religion In spite of the fact that it is commonly believed that in the modern world religion is outdated and outran by science, it still has an enormous impact on the society that is perceived to be stronger than in the ancient times when science was not as strong ( Religious Studies , 2015). Ancient and modern religions of the world are studied by a wide range of scholars and studies. For instance, Linguists, Psychologists, Historians, and Anthropologists are interested in the development of religions through time, their transformation under the influence of