ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Movies about racial tensions and the effects of significant tragic events take up a large portion of cinematography. Their creators send a particular message through films using verbal and silent visual signs. The movie Crash is an example of a media piece with a strong anti-racism message while showing how ingrained it is in every community – even those who face it themselves. It has a diverse cast of characters that hold their own biases against other groups and even members of communities to which they would say they belong. The use of verbal and nonverbal communication in Crash creates the picture of post-9/11 America plagued by mistrust, hatred, and fear, which is intensified by people’s inability to see their own prejudices. Communication Model, Co-culture Interactions, and Biases in Verbal Communication The variety of racial and class distinctions between the characters creates an opportunity for many co-culture interactions and problems during communication. The movie features young and older adults, black, Hispanic, Latino, white, and Middle Eastern characters with low-, middle-, and high-income lifestyles. According to the communication model, the person sending the message encodes it, and the recipient of this message has to decode it to gain its meaning. Each step in this process is influenced by one’s relationship, culture, knowledge, attitude, communication skills, noise, and much more (Jandt 71). As a result, one message can be encoded and decoded in seemingly endless ways. A simple explanation of the problem can turn into an argument and a perception of a threat. In Crash , characters often start arguing due to their inability to encode and decode messages. For example, Farhad is a Persian-American man with limited English skills. Due to his appearance and speech, most locals perceive him as an Arab foreigner, and they show hostility spurred by the recent September 11 attacks. He is similarly tense and aggressive towards anyone who doubts his American identity. However, his inability to speak English also leads him to misunderstand any negative news as a personal attack. When Daniel Ruiz, a locksmith, tries to explain to Farhad that the man needs to change the door rather than the lock to protect his shop, Farhad is confused, which leads to him suspecting Ruiz of being a scammer. In this case, the unsuccessful process of decoding a message leads to conflict. However, messages can be specifically coded to show belonging to or distancing from a group. For instance, one can compare the speech of Anthony, Peter, and Cameron. These characters are black, but Anthony and Peter are low-income young men, and Cameron is a famous and rich television director. One can see that Anthony and Peter often use constructions and terms from African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), while Cameron does not use AAVE and uses mostly standard English grammar. Here, the correlation between class and culture is posed both as a stereotype imposed on characters and something th
Introduction Modernism is usually introduced as one of the most provocative and captivating periods in the literature. Its peculiar feature is the intention to deviate from traditions in order to save people from a coming civilization decline and discover new meanings of life. Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman are usually called to be the founders of the modernism movement due to the impact on future modernists and readiness to tell the truth regardless of how dangerous or unpleasant it could be. Their personal experiences, the chosen lifestyles, and propaganda of a free word make these two authors remarkable figures in the literature, as well as in the history. In this paper, special attention will be paid to Walt Whitman as one of major and the most effective anticipators of the modernism movement because of the chosen fearlessness, intents to promote equalities in everything, and abilities to break all the rules, contradict to themselves, and, at the same time, prove the correctness of their decisions. Modernism in the Literature Modernism is a well-known period in the history of the literature that was characterized by re-thinking about the role of religion and politics in social views and the necessity to understand the worth of truth through the prism of relativism and individualism. The first waves of modernism were observed at the beginning of the 1900s and lasted till the middle of the 1940s. Modernists were united by their dissatisfaction with the current events and the necessity to participate in the war that destroyed so many innocent lives without any evident reasons. People felt like they were betrayed by the war and left without a possibility to change something. Industrialization and globalization continued increasing and influencing human lives, but the outcomes of the war made many questions and concerns to be opened and unsolved. Fearlessness and Equality If someone wants to find out a rhyme or connection between the ideas in Whitman’s “Soul of Myself”, it is necessary to be prepared for disappointment and failure. The goal chosen by the author is not to present a nice and simple story but to describe life as it is, without masks and entourage. Whitman states “the atmosphere is not a perfume, it has no taste of the distillation, it is odorless” (“Soul of Myself”), meaning that people are free to define their own tastes and rely on their own preferences. It is high time to live and make independent decisions without fears and being “undisguised and naked” (Whitman, “Soul of Myself”). He does not want to hide behind something that is unnatural and is ready to instruct the reader on how to behave, react, and continue developing. Some kind of premise to modern
Introduction The author of this book is Stephen B. Oates. He is a former professor of history at University of Massachusetts Amherst. The writer is an authority in the 19 th century American History. The book is about a slave by the name Nat Turner, who organized an uprising against their white masters. The uprising helped in bringing to an end the discrimination of the African Americans by their white counterparts. The theme of this book is the emancipation of the black slaves from their white slave owners who used to oppress them (Oates 19). Overview According to Oates (10), the setting for this book is in Southampton, which is a small town in Virginia. The little town consisted of plantations and identical homes. The slave owners in that area claimed that they were not oppressing their slaves. On the contrary, they claimed that they had given them a number of rights. Some of the rights which had been granted to the slaves included: going to church, having praise meetings, dancing and singing. Furthermore, it is said that most slave owners were not particularly cruel to their slaves, but actually gave them opportunity to exercise some of their freedoms. In fact, many of the slave owners allowed their slaves to go on offs, and also gave them an opportunity to spend time in the evenings with their families. The state of Virginia had the slave masters who were more lenient on their slaves than the slave owners at the Deep South. This was partly due to the fact that one-third of the white farmers in the Southampton owned no slaves. Additionally, the farmers in the state of Virginia had not experienced slave rebellion. For this reason, the white slave owners of Southampton considered insurrection to be a far fetched thing, which could only happen to other people. The absence of insurrection among the slaves in Southampton helped in propagating the belief that the slaves under the care of their white masters were satisfied. While many slaves had been brought up believing that they were destined for slavery, “General Nat” exhibited exceptional qualities from the time he was born. When he was born, his body possessed birthmarks which were considered to be marks of leadership in the African society. Additionally, Nat was able to know about events that had
Introduction Physics brings to light important knowledge on the rotational motion; moments of force have been applied to design rotating devices that help make work easier in almost every dimension. Moreover, the mere fact that these forces can be calculated makes them controllable and measurable. The rotation of objects is the fundamental theory behind most technologies emerging in the modern world. Almost every particle on earth vibrates about its mean position, the theory of moments have led to the development of efficient movable parts along with their maintenance. This has boosted many industries ranging from motor engine manufacturers to water pumps, among others. This paper will explore torque as a moment of force as well as its real-life applications (Macaulay 13). Torque When an object rotates from its fulcrum, several observations are made, its speed, type of force, and such. This object requires some form of force to begin rotating about that point. This force, which enables an object to rotate, is referred to as a Torque. The point of rotation is known as pivot or fulcrum. This rotation can be witnessed in machines such as seesaws, combustion engines, and water taps, among others. Torque is represented as shown in figure 1 below. Figure 1 Representation of torque. Source: University of Guelph Figure 1 above represents a torque, with an object, rotating about an axis O. Let us call the force F, and its distance from the axis which is also known as a pivot, r. It is also imperative to note that r can be defined as the moment arm. Again, r is a vector, which is positive towards the object. Torque is therefore defined as the measure of this force F, which enables the object to rotate. Therefore we can have the equation for torque as follows. Τ = r x F = r F sin (θ) where   * Τ is Torque   * r is a vector and represents the moment arm   * F is the force   * θ is the angular difference between the force F, and axis O In essence, as can be observed from the equation above, torque is simply the cross-product of r and F, for example, Torque = r x F. The SI unit of torque is Newton-metre (Note that this unit is usually used to express joules; however, we should distinguish torque from energy as they are vector and scalar quantities respectively). Since the calculation is a cross-product, we can determine the direction of torque. This can be done by placing one’s fingers towards the direction of r and then curling them towards the direction of F and observing the direction of the thumb. This method is known as the right-hand rule. There are situations wherein more than one force would be applied on the same moment arm, each of these forces will cause torque and there will be as many torqueses as the number of forces acting on the moment arm. Since torque is a vector, torques applied in different directions will cancel out, if they are of the same magnitude or give a resultant if they are of varying magnitudes. The resultant of torques is known as the net torque. When th
The term sexuality had been a puzzle for many people for a long time. A lot of research has been done on the topic by many philosophers as well as historians. Among them was a French philosopher known as Michel Foucault who researched on the history of sexuality. Sexuality basically means the identification of difference in gender. It is the main feature for the identities of people. Philosophers have before claimed that sexuality operates in an unstable manner and it is developed through social interactions. Therefore the history of sexuality can be said to have started long ago as people tried to find out more about the creation of God. Research shows that not every person understands all about sexuality. Different people and cultures have their own different perception of the term. In countries like Japan, China and India the word sexuality is seen as something that is normal and no one is ashamed of talking about it. Though they keep it as a secret they find no harm in discussing the topic of sexuality. On the other hand, the western society has a different perspective about the term. They find it to be a secretive term and not to be publicly discussed. It can therefore be said that one’s understanding depends on an individual’s egotism. During the course of my study in high school I got to see how people may be confused by the term sexuality. There was one of our school mates who had male characteristics yet she had been born a female. The reason behind this was that she had been born a hermaphrodite; that is having both sexual organs. The doctors who first examined her after birth decided that it was easy chopping off the male sexual organ other than surgical procedures on the female sexual organ. With this, they did not consider anything to do with the hormones, internal organs or the reproductive cells. Since all babies are identical despite the sexuality no one was able to notice any difference. The problem arose during her high school life when her body was undergoing hormonal changes. The body started developing visible male features and characteristics such as beards, hoarse voice, no breasts and many others. Since we were in an only girl’s school, she could be easily distinguished. The issue about her sexuality greatly affected her social life and eventually academically. It was after much consultation with her parents that she realized the mystic about her sexuality and underwent another surgery to convert her to the male sexual being she was supposed to be. The problem can be dated back to the doctors who first examined her. They did not understand that sexuality is more than just the sexual organs. Sexuality has a lot to do with personality and many other factors which may not be visible. This was a serious mistake costing the teenage life of a person. It can therefore be
My interest in Advanced Nursing Practice I love nursing because it is known to promote wellness in people. I have a passion for taking care of sick and physically disabled people. As a nurse, I am supposed to care for healthy people the same way I provide care to sick people. Nurses are required to develop a relationship with their clients. This is to enable trust and connection between clients and nurses. A client needs to trust a nurse during the process of care so as to improve the quality and outcome of care. Nursing does not only come into practice during curative care. Preventive and therapeutic situations also require nursing practice. My personal philosophy of nursing therefore focuses on four important areas in the field of nursing. This includes the clients, society, the environment, and the relationship between these three areas. According to me, society is the hospital and its entirety. It includes nurses, doctors, patients, and the various roles they play in the provision of care. The environment is the surrounding in which the hospital is located. It involves the different homes and structures where the patients, doctors, and nurses live. Clients, who are also the recipients of care, belong to a family with relatives and friends. Their family has a supportive role to play in ensuring optimal care. Therefore the nurse doe not only provides care only to a patient but also equips the patient’s entire family to provide a supportive role that helps to increase the outcome of health care. Hence the client, the society, and the environment interact in a synergic manner in order to increase care outcome. Background and experience I have worked as a volunteer nurse on several occasions. This experience has proved to be fulfilling. It has helped me realize my interests and areas of passion. I am also currently pursuing a course in nursing that will enable me to further develop this interest. A graduate degree may offer all the required knowledge for practice however it is not sufficient for advanced nursing practice. There is the need to combine the knowledge learned in theory with clinical experience to enable nurses to be competitive enough for advanced nursing practice. Advance practice nurses have to be committed to learning as they practice. This learning is also expected to be extended to others and not only the individual practicing nurses. They have to offer leadership to other nurses in terms of the promotion of learning. In order to become a nurse, one has to undergo intensive training just like any other profession. During this formal training, nurses obtain a lot of information that can be used in the promotion of health. The training that nurses receive puts them in a better position to provide preventive care to both sick and healthy people. To healthy people, nurses play a role in primary disease prevention (Johantgen and Newhouse 127). They are involved in initiating education programs that inform people about the risk factors contributing to diseases. For instance, nurses would advise people on the dangers of smoking and alcohol use or abuse as well as informing them about healthy diets. As facilit
Trust is one of the key conditions for the participants of the global market to cooperate. No matter what an organization’s mission and vision are, the only possible way for it to be profitable is to create a hierarchy, in which its members could trust each other and be loyal to their co-workers. In his lecture, Simon Sinek shows the advantages of pushing the concept of trust between a company leader and an employee to the extreme degree. By drawing parallels between the global market and a battlefield, Sinek claims that the trust and compassion, which he believes to be the building blocks of a strong and efficient organization: “We call them leaders, because they take the risk before everybody else does” (Sinek, n. d., 00:11.08). Sinek claims that it is only by developing the relationships, which are based on respect and trust that an organization may succeed and that the proper principles of organizational behavior can be established. In other words, Sinek considers responsibility, both professional and personal ones, the key feature of a true leader. There is no need to stress that the ideas suggested by Simon Sinek, though doubtlessly interesting and thought provoking, have a number of problems. First and most obvious, the very concept of devotion and trust, which he describes, is pretty much idealistic and can hardly emerge in everyday environment. More to the point, the air of competitiveness, which the entire concept of business and corporate development is shot through, is most likely to make a solid obstacle on the way of planting the ideas of trust and compassion into employees. In other words, the environment, in which the ideas of compassion and collaboration valued by the narrator so high can be established, is barely impossible to create in the realm of the 21 st century market relationships. Therefore, I disagree with the statement that planting the relationships based on mutual trust and compassion is possible in the environment of a global market. More to the point, I will even go further by claiming that such a drastic change of corporate relationships is unnecessary. The principles that most of the advanced companies are run by nowadays are perfectly fine; with a focus on the key stakeholders and their interests, an organization is likely to shape its mission and vision so that the relationships between the company leader and the staff could involve mutual trust and respect. An employee working for an average modern company hardly needs any stronger link with the company; after all, it is necessary to bear in mind that business relationships are based primarily on receiving a financial benefit rather than on forming a strong personal connection with the leader of the organization. In other words, in the realm of the 21 st century market, it is crucial that business relationships should not be mixed with friendship and trust. While the latter two can be included into the process of business communication, market relationships may exist without the relationships based on
Introduction This assignment assumes that the author has been hired to implement the just-in-time (JIT) methodology in the Motorola Corporation. The company produces and sells smartphones and accessories, and its directors would like to reduce waste. They are also interested in the other benefits provided by JIT, which have manifested during its implementation in various companies worldwide. As such, they have hired the authors, an external consultant, to help with the introduction of the new processes. The task is to determine the changes necessary to successfully implement JIT in the company, list the benefits, and describe the likely challenges. This assessment aims to answer these questions satisfactorily for Motorola’s board of directors. Necessary Changes for JIT JIT can be risky to implement, as the reduction in active inventory means that it is easier for any underlying issues to manifest. As such, companies have to address these issues beforehand to avoid any issues that may appear after the introduction. Hirano (2019) highlights the need for top management commitment and outlines five core principles: proper arrangement, orderliness, cleanliness, cleanup, and discipline. Every aspect of production should undergo refinement to achieve excellent efficiency, and the time it takes a product to move between two adjacent production stages should be minimal. The production as a whole should also be clean and well-arranged to minimize the risk that any defective products may appear. Benefits of JIT The purpose of JIT is to reduce waste, which leads to lower costs and improved production speed and efficiency. However, the achievement of the goals outlined above can also have results that are less immediately apparent. Reid and Sanders (2016) highlight significant reductions in inventory investment, lead time, rework and setup, space requirements, and material handling equipment. JIT aims to optimize space usage alongside other aspects, and this tendency leads it to improve the operation of physical facilities. As such, Motorola will likely improve the overall operation of its facilities and increase their productivity in the long term at little to no cost. Implementation Challenges The significant benefits of the approach result from the proportional effort that all of a company’s employees have to commit to achieving them. Singh (2014) discusses the need for a methodology and a