ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction While bringing various commodities into the market, suppliers have to find a way to bring in a commodity of good quality in order to attract a good market but the most important knowledge to have is how to avoid losses at the same time satisfy the consumers of the product. All this knowledge will have to be an application of the economics demand and supply theory. This means that the producer will have to satisfy the consumers’ demand for the product and at the same time producce the commodity at a price that he will be satisfied. This period makes analysis of how it has been behaving in the market clear. An analysis of Iphones in the market for the past few years explains better how the theory of supply and demand works. This paper therefore, discusses the economics theory of demand and supply while applying the theory in how the production, demand and sale of Iphones have been in the last few years. The Rise of Iphone Since the launch, of the Iphone, it is evident that the demand of the product has been increasing, and there is fear that the latter may be overlapping the supply of the product. According to the laws of demand and supply, this behavior can be seen as a positive demand shift. In definition, it is a point where the demand of a product increases. Cases of increase in demand may occur during holiday seasons, or when a product becomes more popular in a market. The law of demand states that when the value of either a good or service is low, then the demand is high. However, when the price of a commodity is high, then the demand of that product decreases. On the other hand, when the price of a commodity is high, then the supply of that commodity is high, and when the price is low, the supply is also low. This falls under the supply law. When there is a shift in demand, either negatively or positively, there will be a definite need for change in price and quantity of thee product to have a balanced equilibrium point. In other words, when if the consumers for a particular product increase, there should be an increase in supply of that product. In the same case, according to the demand and supply law, when there is a demand shift, there should be an increase in the equilibrium price as well as the equilibrium quantity of that product. In the case of the production of the Apple Iphone, it seems that the supply of the product has been having trouble meeting the increased demand for the product. According to reports last year, it has been a fear that due to increased demand that outruns the supply; Apple may lose its consumers to alternative phones 1 (Deffree 45). Factors Affecting Supply And Demand of The Iphone In economics, the increase or decrease of a commodity pricing can be caused by several factors. In the supply law, if the production of a commodity
Introduction The cellular radio service is the subject of rapid and relentless change. The cellular radio products are constantly trying to increase their coverage of the web; and to improve their functionality. E.T. Phone Home requires efficient marketing strategy to compete on the market and sustain its strong brand image. Marketing professionals therefore need to work extremely hard to keep up to date with developments in order to ensure that they are up to speed. The case of E.T. Phone Home shows that the company uses resource-based strategy which helps it to develop strategic capability. Similar to its market philosophy, valuable resources of E.T. Phone Home allow the company to meet high demands of customers and deliver exceptional quality to end consumers. E.T. Phone Home in particular seems to have already undertaken a number of major initiatives such as the indexing of radio services. But the reality is that individual radio service does not cover the whole of the visible space. So the prospect of there being a single cellared service which has complete coverage is some way off. Current Market Situation Principles of the Firm Imperfectly Imitable resources are created by “unique historical conditions, causally ambiguous, social complex”. It is possible to say that these resources have a great impact on the brand name and market position of E.T. Phone Home. E.T. Phone Home was the first mover in the industry. It is possible to assume that a strong brand name helps the company to obtain a large market share. Non-Substitutable resources are not strategically equivalent valuable resource. Thus, these resources allow E.T. Phone Home to break down organi­zational barriers that block the sharing of data across functions. Design, sales, and manufacturing departments must work together (Johnson and Scholes 76). The use of appropriate technology in properly planned systems can have dramatic effects on operations. Organizations are becoming flatter and leaner because top management are able to monitor operations more directly and computers are now taking many decisions previ­ously taken by middle management. E.T. Phone Home relies on an efficient market system and product improvement. Marketing communication plays a crucial role in successful market performance as it influences brand image and product recognition. For E.T. Phone Home, effective marketing communication depends upon effective marketing system and ability to evaluate target market and economic conditions. Technological factors/resources Innovation in production technologies and computerized system of supply chain is the main opportunity for E.T. Phone Home marketing communication. The threat is that investment in new technologies requires additional finance. Intellectual property and licensing protect business operations (Doyle and Stern 44). From the vendor’s perspective, the high replacement rate of mobile phones reflects the pressing need to build brand loyalty which can only be developed from a continually positive customer experience. Understanding consumer
Introduction According to Michael and Beit-Hallahmi (70), religious socialization refers to the process through which religious ideas and values are passed or gradually attained from one generation to another. This process is acquired right from childhood through adolescence to adulthood (McGuire 34). Religious socialization requires active participation and support from conscious agents that play significant roles in the continued passage of these beliefs. These agents include parents, religious organizations, and society (Argyle and Beit-Hallahmi 60). It is worth noting that it is through parents, religious movements and society that values and ideas are disseminated among individuals (Argyle and Beit-Hallahmi 84). This paper aims at examining religion as a group phenomenon, the church-sect typology, and the conflicts associated with religion. In the same vein, it relates the importance of religious conflicts to the existing state of religion in the modern world, the comparison of religious conflicts to the church-sect typology, and the application of religious conflicts in the Islam religion. Religion as a group phenomenon In examining religion as a group phenomenon, it is important to look at three following: childhood, family, and community. Childhood It is at the childhood stage that the aspect of ‘our’ (our religion, our tribe, our clan, and our family) is incorporated into an individual (Sinani 23). Religion, hand in hand with socialization, inputs into an individual, the social groups’ moral norms and basic values. A child learns through watching his or her parents or through his/her participation in ongoing social activities. These activities may include listening to a storyteller after a meal or just before bedtime where he/she learns about the central myths of a tribe. Bangura (80) claims that, from a religious point of view, children have no other option, rather than adopting the traditions and beliefs of their parents. In this case, parental faith or religion becomes the faith of the children. Family Ruiter and Tubergen (51) assert that family is the foremost influence in the socialization of a child. They further add that an individual’s sense of belonging is first experienced in the family set up with the individual being an indirect participant in society. The morals, values, motivations, and attitudes attained during childhood and teenage, within the family, become the very pillar on which full participation of an individual is based in the community (Sinani 24). Rituals, such as child naming and birthday occasions, are a significant source of the first identity. Therefore, it is quite clear that a family is a critical religious part. It is more than an agent of religious socialization. Society/Community The neighborhood, friendships and ethnoreligious groups that surround a family provide both an initial and subsequent sense of belonging and identity of an individual at childhood and later stages (Argyle and Beit-Hallahmi 45; McGuire 12). However, the process through which a child is socialized into society is gradual. A child has to learn to distinguish other ethnic or re
The article published in the Epoch Times, titled “23 Members of Chicago Street Gang Face Federal Charges,” tells about the members of the Goonie gang, which used lethal violence in order to instill an atmosphere of terror in its own turf in order to be able to commit crimes without retribution and engage in illegal behaviors for profit (Jasurek, 2018). These actions can be viewed and explained through the specific subset of race theory, focused specifically on culture. Black areas of all major cities in the US are notorious for having high rates of poverty and crime. This is the heritage of over 200 years of slavery, followed by segregation. Over 60% of black families are single-parent, with that parent forced to work two jobs to support their child (Friedson & Sharkey, 2015). As a result, the child cannot internalize the “decent” family values of independence, hard work, and education, instead of being raised in the “Street culture,” which internalizes violence not only as a self-defense mechanism but also as a way of gaining respect and obtaining material wealth (Cullen, Agnew, & Wilcox, 2017). Another theory that explains these circumstances is the Life-Cycle theory, according to which most crimes are committed during teenage years and early adulthood (Cullen et al., 2017). The majority of gang members are aged between 18-22, which fits into the volatile age group. A potential policy to help reduce youth-related crime in impoverished black neighborhoods is through government support of single families and the promotion of a “decent” lifestyle over the “Street code.” This approach is supported by both the Life-Cycle theory and racial theory, which offer abundant explanations of applied mechanisms from each side of the theoretical spectrum.
Target Customer Denim products can not be called a high fashion, but it is hard to think of the clothes that could be more comfortable, stylish, and accessible to everyone. The fact is that denim is an exclusively street style and modern teens are fond of it. Thus, the primary target customer for H&M denim products is young boys and girls of 16-22 years old. Young people live an active life. Therefore, H&M denim products are the best choice for them. This kind of clothes is very comfortable. They are designed for white Americans, black Americans, and Hispanic. The customers would be Christian or non-religious people living in the cities (Nemati and Sajadi 142). Key Competitors Now, the denim products industry is becoming more popular because the comfortable lifestyle is now being adopted by many people from different countries. The market leader is Levi’s. The history of Levi’s is the embodiment of an “American dream.” Starting 150 years ago with plain functional clothing for miners and conquerors of the Wild West, the brand achieved success, and eventually became the market leader, dictating trends to the world of modern denim. Responding to this legacy, Levi’s jeans will suit both adherents of the classics and desperate innovators with the spirit of adventurism. In 2016, the global net sales of Levi’s amounted to about 4.55 billion U.S. dollars. The second important competitor is Guess, a famous brand which H&M denim’s products quality is usually compared to. Taking into account the hard competition in the industry, the company needs to pay attention to the quality of the products. It is necessary the company should create more models and colors because the choice is too limited. Product categories include clothes for men and women: jeans, jackets, and shirts. Retail prices can be very different (Nemati and Sajadi 142). Theme Name and Statement The lifestyle of modern teenage
Although written more than fifty years ago, the article by Theodore Levitt can still be appealing and beneficial for business practitioners. It addresses the issue of threats that businesses may face when they fail to recognize and follow the actual needs of customers or the perspectives of their industries overall. The article was analyzed for its central theme, strengths and weaknesses, and main takeaways. The central theme of Levitt’s article is the importance for companies to be customer-oriented instead of product-oriented. The author acknowledges that when a business builds its success on the basis of developing and promoting a single or several products that sell well, such a business is inclined to continue operating around its product. It often leads to failures because the demand for a certain product may decrease, which jeopardizes the business. Moreover, it is argued in the article that not only may the demand for a certain product or service decrease, but it will inevitably do so. Levitt states that there is no such thing as a growth industry. As technological progress goes on, whole industries decline. That is why, instead of speculating on growth industries, theorists and practitioners should think about creating businesses that are capable of seizing growth opportunities. The way to be such a company is to recognize the needs of the customers as the main priority. The article is strongly written and appears rather convincing. It was originally printed in Harvard Business Review, which is a reputable source, and became a hit. Levitt uses simple writing, which is why one does not have to be a business specialist to understand his ideas and arguments. The structure of the article makes it easy to read. Five sources are cited, which certainly adds to the article’s reliability. The examples from different industries are another strong feature of the article. The author demonstrates a good knowledge of history and supports his arguments with appealing evidence. From the perspective of my experience, I find the article very helpful for anyone interested in business or doing it. Levitt’s ideas show what strategies a business should adopt to ensure constant development. There are several ways for practitioners to apply the knowledge from the article. First of all, Levitt suggests that a critical thing for a company is to
The first issue worth discussing is the problem of fraudulent reports that continues to persist in the contemporary business environment and organizations. Over the last several decades, a lot of scandals in accounting are related to fraudulent financial reports. The purpose of such reports is to misrepresent the organizational performance and mislead investors in order to obtain more financial support for the upcoming periods (Bradford, 2017). On the one hand, this practice is seen as highly unethical and can harm multiple stakeholder groups in case if an organizational financial report disguised or underreported important accounting information (Freedman, 2017). This is the perspective with which I agree because, in my opinion, unethical practices represent the abuse of stakeholders. On the other hand, this kind of deceit can help organizations experiencing temporary losses to regain confidence and improve their performance due to the financial support provided by the misled investors. This issue is interesting because regardless of its unethical, unlawful, and dangerous nature, it still continues to persist in the modern world of business. This could be the case because, in business, financial profit can often be seen as more valuable than a good reputation or fair attitude. The second issue is closely connected to the one discussed in the previous section. In particular, the problem is in the pressure created on accountants from the side of their managers for the purpose to disguise certain kinds of financial information in reports (Lister, 2017). In such situations, in a team of accountants some may give in to the pressure, and some may withstand it thus facing a dilemma of covering for the colleagues’ data misrepresentation or reporting the issue. On the one hand, reporting the problem is the ethically correct choice for an accountant witnessing fraudulent reporting and knowing its causes and the agents who participate in it. This is the point of view that I support regardless of the emotional pressure that is often related to it. On the other hand, whistleblowing and reporting the wrongdoings of colleagues is connected to another ethical problem – the betrayal of friends, peers, and team members and showing disloyalty. This problem is interesting because often it is the emotional maturity and strength of an accountant that driver his or her final decision. Business accounting is accompanied by this type of risk almost in every professional position. The issue of fraudulent reports is deep and comprised of multiple levels of impact because it tends to affect many different groups of stakeholders. As a result, an issue as broad as this one needs to be discussed and explained thoroughly in order to persuade the accoun
Myth in the world of literature is perceived and analyzed as archaic superstition. A number of poets referring to various periods of art development, whether Classicism or Romanticism, are considered to be “myth-makers” in a way as they rename the world through making reorder of familiar words and creating new ones. Mythmaking in literature can be analyzed on the examples of famous poets such as Ted Hughes and Geoffrey Hill who managed to embody the mythological elements in their outstanding masterpieces. For many poets myth is regarded to be an integral part of their personal style and manner of theme presentation; they perform mythological style through symbols, characters, and deep plot – all these factors can be observed in the works by Ted Hughes and Geoffrey Hill. Ted Hughes Brief Biography Edward James Hughes is considered to be an English poet of the XX century who is recognized as one of the best poets of the time. He was born in 1930 and managed to become British Poet Laureate in 1984. His life was followed by complicated relationships with close people being reflected in some of his works. Ted Hughes is also a well-known children’s writer who managed to create a number of interesting and involving stories for kids. His devotion to children’s literature is explained by the author’s personal childhood experience which “shaped everything” in further life. Hughes’s interest in poetic writings was expressed from an early age; he tried to combine the violence and beauty of the world of nature in order to demonstrate all aspects of human life. (West, 112) Myth-Making in Hughes’ Works Ted Hughes was deeply interested in mythology expressing his style of writing through satirical, existential, and modernist positions. Ted Hughes tried to reflect his personal sense of myth expressed in the poetry. “Objective imagination, in the light of science, rejected religion as charlatanism, and the inner world as a bundle of fairy tales, a relic of primeval superstition… ” (West, 36) Critics argued as to such poet’s position as science was considered to be as mythic poetry; Hughes managed to disclose the mythic nature of the world by means of elemental, dangerous, and chaotic conceptions. Ted Hughes is referred to as the myth makers of his period as he managed to introduce mythic function of his fairy characters such as devils, dragons, etc. Myth in Hughes’s works makes objectified stories expressing psychic healing and being close to drama mood. In most works Hughes used myth for the purpose of tragic writing; he tried to accommodate or expel some evil in the poetry making his characters symbolic and powerful. One of the most prominent works written by Ted Hughes is considered to be the collection of poems called “Crow”. The author tried to create a notable collection with the involvement of Christian mythology. Nevertheless, this work is recognized as the first one through which the author tried to demonstrate his own extensive folk-mythology. Hughes managed to end up with a fallible God and stick to inadequate tasks of mythological embodiment. As the protagonist of
Introduction The state of California keeps up an internet site that follows proposed pieces of legislation in the course of their lawmaking progression(s). One such piece of legislation that is currently making its way through the state legislative process is bill AB 119 by author Dave Jones, Chair of the Assembly Committee on Health, Health care coverage: pricing. At present, the law in relation to this subject, the Knox Health Care Service Plan Act of 1975, makes possible for the licensure and guideline of healthiness care service arrangements by the Department of Managed Health Care (AB 119, Jones. Health care coverage: pricing, 2009). It also makes any determined contravention of the act a felony. The current law makes it illegal for health care service arrangements to charge premiums, value, or charge degrees of difference on the grounds of sexual category. On the other hand, it makes an exemption for degrees of difference on particular numerical and actuarial information. As financial institutions that sell health insurance raise premiums on thousands of contributors, the industry is aiming to budge the argument over shooting up health care price tags to the escalating cost of rest home care. For instance, in California health care costs went up by one hundred and fifty percent from the year 2000 (State Capitol Update, 2009). This is according to a research of state rest home information carried out by America’s Health Insurance Plans, the industry’s trade organization. What these statistics bring to the fore is the fact there is a call for a good deal of greater emphasis on the fundamental asking price of health check care that is determining those payments increases. All stakeholders will an obligation to concentrate on these fundamental price tag drivers if health care prices are to be less expensive. The costs placed on commercial health schemes went up by one hundred and fifty nine percent from the year 2000 to 2009, which is over and above double the rate of rise for Medicare, which is tasked with serving by and large seniors, and above eight times that for the administration cover scheme for the underprivileged. The healthiness insurance institutions’ group recognized the face ups encountered by rest homes and other therapeutic providers as they offer free care to those lacking cover or the ones too deprived to pay