ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction “Herein lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here at the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line. I pray you, then, receive my little book in all charity, studying my words with me, forgiving mistake and foible for sake of the faith and passion that is in me, and seeking the grain of truth hidden there” (Du Bois, 1903, xxxi). What Du Bois wrote a hundred years ago is relevant even to this day; the rhetorical question we keep asking ourselves: “when will we get over the problem of racism?” It was the problem of the twentieth century and will continue to be so for this century also. Enforcement of racial and ethnic inequalities and identities is prevalent throughout the world. The Civil Rights Act of 1990 passed by the U.S. Congress claims to “help create equal opportunities for blacks and other minorities and reduce the racism that persists in America”. Has it achieved the desired goal? Herein lies the paradox. Prof. David James, director of the Institute of Social Research at Indiana University, says “Today the process of assignment in the United States is predominantly non-political, but it is still powerful in other areas such as residential segregation, job discrimination, and educational inequalities.” Shelby Steele on racial conflict Shelby Steele opines that a black’s power is victim’s power and, in his articles, he portrays the “macro and micro perspectives of race relations”. Shelby Steele’s “theory of “structural” or “institutional” racism postulates a social determinism that makes all whites and American institutions complicit in a vicious cultural pattern. The theory makes the absence of identifiable adverse events in the lives of individual blacks irrelevant to blacks’ claims to victimhood. Victim status is a source of endless, sometimes lucrative and always guilt-free leverage over a guilt-ridden society”. This is what Steele wants to say and his writing is highly “knowledgeable” concerning the condition of the black. The very question “Who is innocent?” itself is proof enough that it is a rhetorical question. Upon this theoretical framework, Steele paints a canvas of black’s innocence and white’s guilt. His statement that innocence is power, leads to bargaining and challenges. It is on this edifice that Steele has built his entire argument. Shelby Steele has constructed a seemingly logical argument replete with neat categories and definitions. He says, in a different article (Steele, 2002), that white racism and white guilt have been the two “immutable forces” that have “driven America’s attitudes, customs, and public policies around race”. In his new book, Shelby Steele argues that supremacy of the white and given rise to guilt and he says that neither the white supremacy nor the white guilt has done any good for the blacks (Steele, 2000; 2006). Steele (1996) in his essay feels that the real trouble in America is that the races are not mere races but power groups competing wi
Introduction In the 21st century, there are so many health problems that human beings have to contend with. These habits mostly stem from poor eating habits and the lack of will to change these habits. As a result, there are increased deaths caused by obesity, anorexia, and heart attacks. Chan’s fitness and health operations offer people who have these health disorders a second chance to improve their health. On top of this, they have to model their services in a way that they can meet the needs of people who are physically impaired. However, there are so many challenges facing these operations. The customers who go for health fitness operations are looking for instant results. In the beginning, they have very low expectations and this may make them change course and stop while in the middle of their operations. This forces this fitness center to use craftsmanship as a way of attracting and retaining customers. This is achieved through improving the technique, quality, and style of working. Craftsmanship has one major property; it has to make the product to be appealing to the customers at the first touch or interaction (Clark,1995,p.52). Main text The fitness centers, therefore, have to use innovative designs that are the most recent technologies. Their selected material should be of high quality in order to appeal to the customers. The programs should be designed in a way that in the end, the customers can be able to see the results or some change as the program goes on. They do feel that weight loss is something that can be done within a day. This makes most of them imagine that the results are supposed to be automatic and immediate. Chan’s big challenge is the perception that his customers have an immediate effect. Human feelings play a major role in forming perceptions. In product design, Chan has to provide for a nutritionist to advise the customers what to eat. His biggest problem is making them be patient so that they can wait for the results as time goes by. He also has to have a doctor at hand who will advise them on why they should be both physically and mentally fit. This doctor also has to advise on the amount of weight that one has to lose in a certain period of time. He also has to advise the clients on the certain attitudes and perceptions that these people have for foods. Chan also has to hire more instructors who aid the clients in using the facilities. This involves paying attention to the customers. Attention plays a major role in a customer’s perception of quality. The next big challenge is making a follow-up on the customers to check if their expectations are being met. This incl
Abstract The increasing demand for better passenger security because of the increasing security threats has changed the way passengers are profiled at the airport terminals and the rules used to profile them. Governments and passengers are required to comply with international aviation standards and legal requirements that have further strengthened the need for more stringent rules to profile customers, leading to the accusations that profiling is intrusive, racialist, and a waste of time. The results have been more complications on how profiling can be made effective while ensuring that the passengers’ travel experiences are kept pleasant. To address the problem, a research targeting the population of passengers who travel through the airports and the security personnel who man the airport terminals was conducted. The study involved a sample of 130 respondents who were issued with questionnaires to collect primary data to answer the research questions. An SPSS analysis of the responses showed that the use of risk based methods to separate low risk from high risk passengers, training of airport people, and compliance with aviation standards could enable the authorities to effectively profile passengers and maintain a balance with their travelling experience. It was recommended that further research should be conducted to determine the cost effectiveness of profiling in relation to air craft and passenger security. Background of the Study The problem of striking a balance between effective profiling and maintaining the passenger’s travelling experience has not received much attention in academic literature, creating a gap that needs to be addressed. Despite the inconvenience associated with passenger profiling, airport security officers and governments find it a mandatory obligation to protect passengers and airplanes in transit in compliance with the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) (Baker, 2002). Baker (2002) maintains that airport security rules are tedious and sometimes demeaning, leading to passenger dissatisfaction and poor travelling experiences. However, the rules are mandatory because the security lapses at different airport terminals in recent years have compelled security agents to rigorously modify security measures to protect passengers from terrorist attacks that often catch airport authorities unawares. Despite the Transportation Association (IATA) making regular proposals of new measures that have implications on passenger travelling experiences, current trends in the aviation industry show that most terrorists get attracted to use air transport systems to inflict mass casualties, cause economic pain, and instill fear among the travellers. To address the problem, a flurry of security measures have been implemented in many airport
Interviewing culturally diverse candidates for a position can be challenging to the interviewing panel. In the case of Universities, students from different backgrounds are likely to apply for work-study positions due to the nature of the population in such an institution. The behavior portrayed by Sharon Eagle Feather during the interview is related to cultural issues and it should be addressed rightfully in a bid to accommodate such candidates. As the University students’ life director, I need to employ cultural diversity management techniques in handling Sharon’s case. Disqualifying Sharon, based on her cultural differences would be unprofessional as a students’ life director; hence, making brazen judgments would be detrimental. In this light, not being judgmental, observing patience, and demonstrating the University’s commitment to cultural equality are essential elements in managing such a situation (Pope, Reynolds & Mueller, 2004). This assertion implies that as the new director of the students’ life, I would apply the relevant skills to the recruitment of students from different cultural backgrounds without discrimination. This aspect will facilitate the development of skills for students with diverse backgrounds. Therefore, handling Sharon’s case competently upholds the University’s values of enhancing equality among students. Being patient with the candidate allows one to analyze the expressions manifested by the interviewee in an interview. From the analysis, one can learn some background information about the applicant. Additionally, observing patience allows one to avoid being judgmental, and thus maintaining objectivity shows how concerned you are on the students’ matters (Pope et al., 2004). Consequently, Sharon’s case would be handled with equality, thus avoiding the chances of cultural discrimination in her case. Sharon’s case is an eye-opening experience that has beneficial implications that would guide future job interviews. In this case, my staff members ought to learn from the experience and be in a position to handle similar situations effectively in the future. The significance of upholding equity in the recruitment of students for positions in work-study programs needs to be instilled as fundamental values to be observed by staff me
History of Buddhism and the life of Buddha Buddhism originated from the northern part of India in 5 th BC. It was founded by Buddha Shakyamuni in 624 BC, while he was working and living in Lumbini (Eckel, 2010). Buddhism is an Asiatic religion that has managed to spread across various parts of the globe. Buddhism has three major divisions in South East Asia, North Asia, and Japan. Buddhists consider Buddha as their religious leader. Over the years, Buddhism has developed a number of concepts that play a crucial role in explaining its teachings. A good example is the concept of karma, which argues that people’s destiny depends on the nature and effect of their actions (Eckel, 2010). Research has also established that there are various types of Buddhism practiced by people across the world. One of the common types of this religion is Theravada Buddhism, which emphasizes on personal salvation through individual efforts (Eckel, 2010). It is one of the most conservative forms of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism adheres to Pali scriptures and the non-theistic ideal of self-purification to nirvana. It is very dominant in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia (Eckel, 2010). The life of Buddha was characterized by loyal treatment. He was born in a loyal family called Shakya to Queen Mayadevi and King Shuddhodana. His second name, Shakyamuni, means the “Able One.” This meaning influenced him to start Buddhism because he believed he had the ability to provide people with the right spiritual guidance (Eckel, 2010). Buddha’s mother believed that her son’s religious duties were prophesied to her when she was pregnant. She believed that Buddha was already anointed to become a spiritual leader, as evidenced by the fact that she did not experience any pain during his birth. The birth of Buddha was a big delight to elders in his community, as they felt that it was a fulfillment of everyone’s dreams (Eckel, 2010). As a result of various life experiences, Buddha became more enlightened by learning the value of meditation and various ways of influencing people. Buddha took the opportunity of being a member of the loyal family to influence the development of Buddhism. He was already in an influential position; thus, getting followers was not a hard task. One of the factors that contributed to the speedy development of Buddhism was its inspirational teachings (Eckel, 2010). Basic teachings of Buddhism Buddhism is a religion represented by many grou
The direction that the relationship between the United States and China undertake is believed to outline the prospect of the whole world. For the United States, an increasing power of China progressively distresses American affluence and safety, which calls for a tough diplomatic policy and strong economic, party-political, and safety decisions. As the new century unfolds, the element of danger in the foreign policy of the two countries has never been higher; it is essential to get the foreign policy of China toward the United States in the right way. By unraveling the compound, every so often inconsistent, elements of this enormous and vibrant country, China: The Balance Sheet introduces the groundwork for conversant and efficient foreign diplomatic policy toward the United States, thus establishing the world’s developing global influence. China frequently exemplifies its foreign policy towards the United States and countrywide safety objectives in terms of sequences of main beliefs and refrains. Since the ruling of Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s, the capital of China has stated that it follows a self-governing foreign policy of armistice. Moreover, the essential foreign policy objectives towards the United States are “to preserve China’s independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity and to create a favorable international environment for China’s reform and opening up and modernization” (Bergsten 1). China has also officially presented the notion of a ‘harmonious world’ into its certified dictionary in order to supplement its obligation to nonviolent expansion, and harmonious social order in the household. China’s apprehension over its regional veracity is most connected to the statement of the independent power over Taiwan and sustained control over the restless western self-directed areas of Xinjiang and Tibet (Bergsten 1). As communism has been deteriorated as a dependable philosophy, the ability of the Chinese Communist Party’s suitability to be a leader, and debatably its existence, became founded on its aptitude to improve national affluence, reinstate China’s status and importance as pronounced supremacy, and unite the nation. China has positioned specific importance on the advance of good-neighborly associations and enterprises with other nations such as the United States in order to avert outside pressures from aggravating interior resistances. China has highlighted non-military features of its wide-ranging nationwide control, accepting a three divided method of “setting aside areas of disagreement with neighboring states; focusing on confidence-building measures to promote ties; and engaging in economic integration and multilateral cooperation to address shared concerns” (Bergsten 1). China’s fundamentally self-protective attitude and intense wish for peaceful intercontinental surroundings in order to permit emphasis on its internal encounters arrange for confidence for collaboration w
Introduction One of the essential nursing problems in the United States of America is the possibility of multiple falls among people over sixty years old. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to prevent old individuals from falling when they stay alone. Nowadays, there are many studies aimed at solving the given problem and reducing all the possible risks to the minimum. The following paper is intended to cover the results of an interview with nursing professionals and literature review focused on the issue of falls and its influence on the patients’ health. Interview Results Determined Measures Several measures that are considered to be useful in resolving the problem of falls and their effects on individuals over sixty years old were discussed during the confidential interview with two nursing experts. According to their statements, it is necessary to support the elderly to maintain their health stable and prevent serious fractures (Bouldin et al., 2013). Also, it is advantageous to undergo a medical examination to detect any vision problems that might lead to multiple falls. Summary Some challenges to obtaining credible data as to the effects of falls on the elderly were also addressed. One of the most important problems is the fact that every person might be influenced by the given issue differently. Therefore, it is almost impossible to predict the exact harm that is being caused to patients when they do not have enough balance and fall (Spath, 2013). However, the number of hospital clients that undergo treatment courses in medical institutions because of fall consequences is a decent quality indicator of these people’s safety in the conditions described above. It would be proper to state that this indicator is measured by analyzing hospital statistics in the literature (Stubbs et al., 2014). Usually, nurses record information about a number of patients with certain health issues in their settings to acquire approximate data about a particular problem’s seriousness across the country. Discussion Some gaps were identified in the overviewed data during the literature research. The first challenge implies under-real life conditions and the performance of fall detectors (Igual, Medrano, & Plaza, 2013). Usually, such studies are performed in hospital settings on purpose. Hence, they might not provide reliable data as to the same issue that might occur in people’s everyday lives. Also, old individuals might not be able to use some electronic devices because they do not have enough time to learn all their functions (Yoder-Wise, 2015). It would be proper to mention that such sources of data as hospital staff surveys, medical records of patients, and direct observations of care are important to consider when assessing the given issue. “Direct observation of
Marriage in different cultures The documentary Taboo: Blood Bonds enables the viewers to look at the concept of marriage in various cultures. This film indicates that arranged marriage is still very widespread. This means that in many cases, women are compelled to marry men who were chosen by their parents. Furthermore, the family of a bride has to provide a dowry. Overall, these practices indicate that women, living in these societies, do not have the rights that are typical of Western cultures. Nevertheless, the movie shows that they can control financial resources, and in some cases, these families are matriarchal (Blumenfield, 2005). One of the things that attracted my attention is that women have to ensure the wellbeing of children almost independently, while their spouses do not have to take many responsibilities. Furthermore, I found it difficult to understand such form of marriage as polyandry which means that a woman can have several husbands (Blumenfield, 2005). In my opinion, it is difficult for a male to accept the idea the wife may have loyalty to another man. Overall, this discussion gives rise to several questions regarding the stability of marriage. It is possible to distinguish several factors that help people preserve marriage in our culture, for instance, affection, care and responsibility. Furthermore, one can speak about such aspects as financial stability. The marriages depicted in this film remain stable because people, especially women understand that it may difficult for them to sustain themselves without the support of the family. The responses offered by other students highlight the idea that marriage can take different forms in various societies. Moreover, their posts suggest that sometimes women in man
Introduction Brazil is one of the countries located in Southern America and is one of the emerging economies in the world given its economic performance. Having been colonized by the Portuguese, the country gained its independence in 1822 and maintained its monarchial form of governance until 1888 when the slave trade was abolished. The country has experienced enough of populist and military rule that was accompanied by high coffee production and export. In 1985, the military gave up power to civilians with the citizens electing leaders. The industrial and service sectors’ growth prompted me to choose this country for study since the country is a developing economy that showed excellent performance concerning its growth. Physical Geography Geographically, Brazil is located in Eastern South America with one of its boundaries bordering the Atlantic Ocean. The other neighbors of Brazil include Argentina Bolivia and Columbia and the rest of other countries in the region except Chile and Ecuador (World Fact book, 2013). The country has a total area of 8,514,877 square kilometers; 8,459,417 sq km is covered by land, and the rest is under water. Of the land area, 6.93% is arable with crops being grown permanently on 0.89% of the land and 45,000sq km being irrigated (Salati, 2007). As noted by Finer et al. (2008), the country is characterized by the flat lowlands situated in the Northern parts of the country. The other parts are characterized by the plains, hills, mountains and the low coastal line at the Atlantic Ocean. The highest point in the country is the Pico da Neblina, which is 2,994 km above the sea level. Brazil has various natural resources that have continuously helped the economy perform better, and they include the iron ore, Uranium, gold and bauxite among many more (Patriota, 2009). Social-Economic and Political Situation Brazil has a total population of 199,321,413 people that are a composition of many groups such as the Mulatto, the Whites, and the Black among others (Japanese and Arabs). The main languages spoken in the country include the Portuguese, which is the national language among others such as German, English, and Japanese. Majority of the citizens in Brazil are Roman Catholics, which is 73.6% of the population and the rest are protestant, and spiritualists (World Fact book, 2013). Brazil has undergone rapid demographic transition over time especially since the slow growth of the country’s population and the increased aging in the 1960s. Majority of the citizens in Brazil are engaged in various economic activities mainly agricultural, mining, the manufacturing and service sectors in the countries. With an estimated GDP of about $2.362 trillion in 2012, the country registered a real GDP growth of 1.3% in the same year. The country’s GDP is comprised of the Agricultural sector, industry and service sectors whose contribution to the economy is 5.4%, 27.4% and 67.2% respectively (Mueller, 1995). The level of unemployment was 6.2% in 2012