ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Honda Motors Company has adopted a unique business model that seeks to satisfy the unique desires of every buyer and user of its products. As such it designs its products with the customer’s peculiar characters in mind (Honda motors 2011a). Honda Motors is headquartered in Tokyo Japan and has more than 390 subsidiaries in over 12 counties. It has established its business operations under three basic principles aimed at guaranteeing utmost joy to its customers. The company’s production philosophy is based on the desire to create a joyful experience of buying, selling, and creating. This philosophy asserts Honda Motors also desires to create not only a joyous experience but also the fulfillment of every person who enters into a contract with it. This has resulted in the creation of affordable products that add value to customers’ lives (Honda Motors 2011a). Honda Motors Company’s first-quarter performance for the year 2010 was beyond what market analysts had expected. The company performed well beyond expectation due to cost cuts. The company recorded the highest quarterly profits compared to the last five previous quarterly earnings. As such the company outperformed established car makers such as Toyota (Kim 2010). Financially it recorded an impressive year with an impressive ¥8,579,174 million turnovers in the year 2010(Honda Motors 2011a). The company prides itself on having several environmentally friendly sustainable features. The company has designed and developed hybrid (electric-gasoline) and advanced combustion gasoline engines that reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, the company has also developed engines that utilize biofuels as well as hydrogen fuel cell-driven engines (Siuru 2007). The result is that Honda motors have been voted the most environmentally friendly manufacture in the world (Honda Motors 2011b). The figure below shows Honda motor’s performance in the US market in the year 2010 to 2011. Source: Wall Street Journal. The motor vehicle industry is facing an uncertain future and as such Honda motors have had a paradigm shift to help it survive turbulent times. The company hopes to enhance its motorcycle production as well as enhance its global production chain, which will solidify its position in the global market (Honda Motors 2010). Furthermore, the company has invested in fuel-efficient products (Ito 2010). The company, in keeping with its desire to produce eco-friendly cars, has adopted a techno-centric approach in fulfilling this dream. Honda Motors see technology as the way to reduce the environmental impacts of its operations and as such is investing heavily in the latest technologies that do not use fossil fuels. The company, therefore, seeks to increase its efforts in investing in technologies such as the fuel cell as well as the solar cell (Hon
Critical thinking is defined as the “intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action” (Criticalthinking.org, p. 1). This definition comes from the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking and is the most comprehensive to date. In simpler terms, critical thinking is usually defined as the process of “thinking about thinking”. This description means that critical thinking is the process of observing thinking, and trying to understand whether it is rational or fallacious. Critical thinking has developed over the last three millennia through the endeavors of philosophers who, in an effort to determine whether claims to knowledge were credible, tried to investigate issues using logical consistency. This philosophical approach was especially common in ancient Greece where a philosophical school hitherto unsurpassed thrived for several centuries since ancient times. The process of transferring rational thought from the hallowed halls of academia to the public realm and ordinary discussions was also greatly facilitated by the global explosion of universities over the last 100 years. The greatest spur to critical thinking among the ordinary global populace was facilitated by American philosopher and educational reformer John Dewey, who introduced the branch of knowledge to American education in the early 1900s, “So faithfully did Dewey live up to his own philosophical creed that he became the guide, the mentor, and the conscience of the American people: it is scarcely an exaggeration to say that for a generation no major issue was clarified until Dewey had spoken” (Casil, 2006, p. 14)‎. Later, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) encouraged teaching of the subject in universities across the world, leading to increased adoption or rationalism among the global population. As a result, ordinary people being trained as professionals were inducted into the processes of rational reflection within their studies. This spread rationalism into the public domain in every nation that has a modicum of higher education. Critical thinking involves a number of processes which can be briefly summarized as; accepting problems and seeking their solutions; seeking related information to possible solutions; appreciating existing assumptions and trying to expose all of them; identifying similarities or differences in arising propositions; drawing conclusions from the aforementioned related proposition; testing conclusions; and adapting thinking to the new knowledge. A personal example of the application of critical thinking comes from my work in the media four years ago. A local Non-governmental organization (NGO) that was advocating for the legalization of abortion brought a statistical report to our newspaper in the hope that it would be serialized over a number of days. When the editors obtained the report they gave it to me since I am trained in statistical analysis. Our stated problem was
Introduction Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. was born in November 9, 1915 and passed away on January 28, 2011 aged 95 years old. He was born to Robert Sargent Shriver, Sr and Hilda Shriver and generally known as Sarge. He was the American unsung hero who contributed greatly to his society and the international society through his service to humanity. He formed several social programs that changed the lives of the people in America and the rest of the word. He is a notable American idealist and a legend in public service. Early life He went to school in Canterbury school in Connecticut and graduated in 1934. He was among the students who had the opportunity to travel to Germany for an experiment in international living. The early exposure to the international community may be a major factor that led to the development of his interest in the world affairs and shaped his views on humanity and society. He later joined Yale law school, earned a degree in law, and joined politics even though he never held an elective position. His leadership qualities emerged early while he was at Yale University. He joined the Delta Kappa Epislon fraternity that concerned with the research of world cultures and literatures. Through the activities of the fraternity, he encountered diverse cultures outside his own. He thus learnt how to respect and appreciate people who were different from him irrespective of their race, economic and social status in the world. He looked at people as human beings and not as white or blacks rich or poor and he was able to serve humanity through his devoted service that touched people in America and throughout the world (Liston 20-27). Moreover, he joined the Scroll and Key Society. The movement shaped its members and later on they offered service to the human race through various capacities in fields such as law, athletics, politics and philanthropy to name just but a few. Shriver was no exception and went on to become one of the greatest Americans in public service (Stossel 56). He was also a leader of the Yale Daily News where he served as the chairperson. He utilized the opportunity to educate people on various issues such as human rights and economic empowerment. The leadership at the Yale Daily news gave him experience in leadership, as he became a very effective leader in the social organizations he started. Service to the world Shriver was an inspirational leader and became the first director of the Peace Corps after President JF Kennedy started it in 1961. The Peace Corps was started to encourage people to serve their country and developing nations through peace living. Shriver did a great job in kicking
In most conversations on sexual orientation, there is usually underlying assumption that there are only two dimensions towards sexuality namely homosexuality and heterosexuality. These assumptions largely overlook the concept of bisexuality in the sense that even if recognized, it may still be grossly misunderstood. Rust (2002) in his article “Bisexuality: the state of the union” attempts to shed light on the paradox of bisexuality by tracing historical and cultural processes that have contributed towards misconception of the concept. In addition, the author discusses cultural attitudes arising from this misconception. Additionally, he explores the role of previous scientific researches in shaping those cultural attitudes. He concludes his discussion by re-conceptualizing the concept, a task he deems to be relevant for political and scientific purposes. Rust (2002) asserts that historical developments of the concept that view heterosexuality and homosexuality as distinct and are based on perception that men and women are of opposite genders, is what has led to the contemporary denial that a single individual can posses the two sexual orientations. The varied misconceptions that can be traced since occidental societies have continued to gain popularity since the contemporary scientific researches are founded on the same ancient paradoxes about bisexuality. The paradoxical view of bisexuality as inconceivable both in the ancient and contemporary societies is founded in the cultur
The publication of Edward Said’s controversial book, Orientalism , was followed by heated debates surrounding the nature of Western attitudes towards the Middle East. However, the ideas he expressed are still applicable to the modern world, with the widespread stereotypes surrounding Arab people still mostly intact. Therefore, to promote cultural dialogue and fight hostility, both politicians and regular individuals in the West should question their biases regarding the Middle East. To better understand the roots of modern manifestations of Orientalism, it is important to address its history. Said argues in his book that it started in the early nineteenth century with British and French imperialism and was mostly connected to India and the Biblical lands (Said, 2003). The notions developed at that time romanticized the Middle East formulating the ideas that are still persistent today: that Arab men are overly sensual and easily become angry, females are beautiful and submissive, and the region itself is mysterious, exotic, and lives in the past relying on centuries-old dogmas. After World War II, Britain and France’s dominance in the Middle East came to an end, giving way to American influence. Said suggests that Orientalism can be clearly seen in Western scholarly publications dedicated to the Middle East where it is regarded merely as an object of study, “non-active” and “non-autonomous”, seen through the lenses of historical subjectivity (Said, 2003, p. 97). He claims that it resulted in some consensus of what appropriate statements and ideas concerning the Middle East are (Said, 2003). He sees Orientalism as the result of certain political efforts creating unified and convenient representation (Said, 2003). The negative views were later strengthened by the 9/11 terrorist attacks, with the stereotypes becoming even more influential. These notions continue to play an important role these days. For instance, the idea that Middle Eastern people are violent leads to many Europeans opposing immigration from Arab countries and supporting racial profiling against Arabs and Muslims (Wintour, 2017). There are also more subtle ways in which Orientalism presents itself: media often relies on stereotypes while depicting Arab characters, showing them as barbaric, terrorists, or “oil-rich sheiks” (Nittle, 2019). Therefore, Orientalism, as a patronizing, hostile, or romanticizing attitude towards Middle Easter people, is still widespread today, identifying the need for reevaluation of these common notions.
Introduction The article ‘Against gay marriage’ was written by William J. Bennett. He has served in various leadership positions including a position as chairperson of the National Endowment for the humanities. He has produced various write-ups concerning cultural issues in America. These include books and articles. His thesis is that gay marriage should not be legalized. The legalization of gay marriage in any society leads to social damage and the destruction of the normal structure of the family. Summary Bennett has (for a long time) been involved in the forefront in the fighting of same-sex marriages in the United States. He argues that it is a social issue that may be detrimental to the values held in the society. He was disturbed because the Hawaii Supreme Court was considering legalizing same-sex marriage. He argued that if Hawaii were to make gay marriages legal, many nations would embrace it too. Bennett terms the arguments made in favor of gay marriages as shrewd arguments (Bennett, 2005, p.409). These arguments try to suggest that legalization may prove helpful to many in the society. Bennett shows his concern about the value of marriage, given that gay marriages are legalized. He goes ahead to warn the audience not to take the step. He argues that the marriage institution is fragile already and legalizing same-sex marriage would only make things worse. He continues to mention that all religions only support marriage between a man and a woman and he believes that this is not mere coincidence. Bennett criticizes the work by Sullivan saying that his argument is baseless as he describes marriage (same-sex marriage) as an open contract where the single, moralistic model is not honored. Bennett believes that the essence of marriage is faithfulness and some things such as adultery are not encouraged. This is unlike in gay marriages where they are encouraged to explore (Bennett, 2005, p. 410). The author is against gay marriage due to the implications it may have on the younger generation (Bennett, 2005, p. 410). He argues that those born in such a society would be confused due to the existence of both homosexuality and heterosexuality. To make things worse some believe that it is a cool thing to be gay and Bennett refers this as ‘sexual identity crisis’. Bennett argues that if gay marriage were to be legalized, several changes would occur including in the education system. Students will need to be taught about gay marriage and made to understand that one could have two mothers or fathers. In conclusion, Bennett argues that the marriage inst
The Role of Ethics in the Workplace Description of Concrete Experience I have worked for AT&T for about 20 years now and during my first 9 years I held the non-management positions including Account Representative, and PAF Associate. I must admit that implementing the ethical programs in the organization was not an easy task and it is a delicate matter of discussion as it involved both matters of personal ethical conduct and that of others who interact with me. When I was a junior worker, I did not face many changes requiring me to exercise decisions making skills concerning ethical issues but since I joined the management team 11 years ago, I have faced several challenges and dilemma that required cautious and informed ethical reasoning in order to make decisions. Besides, since the workplaces has been a very dynamic place especially with increasing diversity and issues of equity, there have been development of new policies and practices that have increased the importance of ethical responsibility. In order to be able to competently perform and part of the management team I decided to take a course in ethical leadership to help me to learn more about ethical issues and their impact at workplaces. This will improve my performance of being vigilant, open communication and offering expert support f
Muslim women in modern Muslim states encounter numerous predicaments and challenges particularly with the advent of Islamic conservatism worldwide. Muslim women are often oppressed and discriminated because their religion is used as a vehicle to propagate political ideas and form the basis with which the role of women in the society is determined. The significance of Islamic law in the Muslim culture is extremely strong and one that cannot be ignored. Muslim women cannot snub Islamic law since they would be considered as discarding their identity and heritage. When they inquire about certain facets of Islamic law, they are accused of rebuffing their religion. Meanwhile, accepting feminism is considered as betraying their political, religious and nationalist identity. However, some Muslim women consider this argument as a misplaced premise and believe that there are other options for Muslim women to make (Othman, 2006, p.339). This paper will thus analyze feminism in the Muslim societies. Majority of the modern Muslim states have displayed a tendency towards implementing Muslim laws in all facets of life. Sadly, the tenets of these laws are awkward and in most cases, do not subscribe to the modern concepts of equal rights for men and women in the society. Ever since the worldwide Islamic renaissance began in 1970 in the Muslim states, majority of rulers in these countries, whether contemporary or secular have reacted to these demands of their Muslim brothers. The concessions made by Muslim governments have led to the adoption of progressive Muslim laws that are discriminative and oppressive to Muslim women in the Muslim societies (Othman, 2006, p.340). The mounting pressure on the majority of Muslim governments to adopt democracy also creates a problem to Muslim feminists. In the many contemporary Muslim societies, democratic structures have been initiated without any political traditions in place. Therefore, the creation of political space in Muslim states has incorporated a number of political Islamic organizations, in addition to conservative and tribal leaders who do not subscribe to principles of equality in Islam. Consequently, the period after liberty from colonial rule, women have lost a number of achievements made with regard to their personal status and their rights in the marriage institution (Othman, 2006, p.340). For example, in Malaysia, an Islamic agenda was adopted with a relative success in economic policies from 1981 to 2003. The Barisan Nasional, the coalition party led by United Malays National Organization (UMNO) attempted to attract political support from the Muslim electorate that through the adoption of Islamic policies. As described below, some of these policies restricted citizenship and human rights of Muslim wom
This essay will focus on hospitals in USA. More specifically, the study will seek to answer some questions about hospitals in the United States of America. The essay will analyze the history of the hospitals and how they were structured 50 years ago. The essay will also discuss newer types of hospital structures today, different types of hospitals, and why Senator Chuck set up a lot of hospitals. In addition, the study will also look into the main concerns of the American hospitals as listed on the American hospital association website. Q1. At the start of the nineteenth century, most Americans underwent treatment, surgery, gave birth, and nursed their illness at home. Hospitals in the United States emerged from almshouses, which gave care and provided custody for the poor, sick people. Based on this tradition of charity, hospitals developed; efforts of the community to care for the sick, disabled, and deprived also contributed to the emergence of hospitals (Sultz and Young 68). Q2.Fifty years ago, US hospitals mainly consisted of public hospitals, with few private hospitals put in place. Therefore, public institutions acted as the main providers of healthcare in America. Hospitals did not have modern surgical tools and equipment as compared to hospitals in US today (Sultz and Young 69). Q3.Newer types of hospital ownership structures exist in the United States of America today. They include for profit hospitals, non profit hospitals, and public hospitals. Hospitals instituted for the motive of profit making consist of private hospitals, run as private institutions. Non profit hospitals mostly consist of hospitals set by non profit institutions such as non governmental organizations and the community. Public hospitals are owned and run by the government, which sets them up to provide affordable healthcare to the citizens (Sultz and Young 70). Q4.The different types of hospitals in the US include public hospitals, community hospitals, for profit hospitals, and network hospitals. Public hospitals c
Introduction Drama is one of the literary genres, which is presented in different ways in books. Monologues and dialogues add more emotion to the storytelling. Authors can convey the plot through a monologue or dialogue or limit their work to them exclusively. Thus, poems consisting only of a dialogue or a monologue are another way to convey information through a non-standard approach. This style of storytelling allows conveying the atmosphere, personal views, and opinions of the characters. My Last Duchess Recognized genius poetic skills and the display of characters through monologue can be traced in Robert Browning’s work My Last Duchess . The monologue in the poem clearly expresses the emotions of the narrator, and the details that the author mentions complement the idea of the main character’s opinion on the topics touched upon. The monologue presentation style makes this story dramatic and sensual. The important aspect is that there is an invisible hero with whom the dialogue takes place only unilaterally. This distinguishes this work from others, for example, Porphyria’s Lover by the same author. Due to this, the reader can fully feel the atmosphere of what is happening and imagine the place. Additionally, the monologue is suggesting certain reactions within the text. Browning brings a lot of detail to My Last Duchess to consider and ponder. The author deliberately does not reveal the subtleties of each, leaving the will of interpretation. Moreover, each detail has a link to the overall picture. For example, the important detail is that the duke kept the painting behind the curtain (Gwynn 414). Before showing the painting, he pulled back the curtain, which demonstrated his unwillingness to present the painting to the public and to have control over who sees it. At the same time, in the monologue, the duke’s condescending and critical attitude towards the duchess is noticeable. In this case, the detail of the smile is important, which is preserved in the painting and correlates with reality, in which the duchess smiled at other people, which the duke did not like. In particular, he disliked her attention to others, while emphasizing his desire for complete loyalty and exceptional attention to his person. It is highlighted that he found it disgusting and unacceptable. While using the style of a monologue, the author does not always voice the meaning through the character. This allows the reader to understand the signified essence based on the behavioral reactions of the character. Home Burial Home Burial is a poem by Robert Frost. It is a dramatic dialogue, with tension and vivid emotions between the characters. The relationship of the characters goes through a difficult period during the dialogue, and the reader is involved and immersed in the atmosphere. The grief of the heroes is associated with several aspects at once, including the destruction of the marria