ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction No conflict can be uni-polar and always have a root cause, which may have initially instigated the beginning of the divergence. The Arab-Israeli conflict is no different. The existing tension and the perception of conflict existing in the mind of the various parties based on class, religion, gender lines creates tension on both the Israeli and Arab front. The causes of the conflict and the ingrained reason for the conflict have been an issue of debate in the political and scholarly arena over many years. An inquiry into the area to understand the real reasons for the conflict is important from the point of view of international relation scholars. From the very basic understanding, two parties engage in conflict when their point of views differs to the point where no mutually beneficial solution can be attained . Such conflicts may arise from two close allies or two mutually irreconcilable foes. Therefore, one must understand that social science research on conflict demonstrates various levels of reasons. This multifaceted nature of the causes of conflict makes it one of the most intriguing areas of research for social scientists. This paper is an attempt to understand the root cause of the conflict between the Arabs and Israelis. In order to delve into the topic one must be aware of the historical background of the conflict and the recent events that have developed related to the conflict. Studying the events related to the conflict is important for it will show the reasons, which are responsible for such a prolonged clash. The paper evaluates the reasons that may have caused the conflict and how researchers today evaluate the causes of the conflict. It will also show the current state of the conflict. Historical Background of Arab-Israeli Conflict Religious Causes The inception of the conflict was from religious inclinations. The conflict’s root may be found in the difference in religious beliefs that is, Ishmael and not Isaac was the favourite child of Abraham . The myth of the conflict had its origin in the basic beliefs of the Jews and the Muslims. However, this paper cannot dwell any further into the mythological or theological basis of the conflict but rather try to find more concrete, political reasons why this conflict still dominates the scene as one of the longest ongoing political conflict of the world . The historical beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict was in the nineteenth century when the Arab national Movement and the Jewish National Movement gained prominence. The quest for the Jewish homeland begun as a secular movement initially, as it did not receive the commendation of the Jewish religious sect, for many believed it to be a direct confrontation of the God to establish
Introduction In healthcare, religion and personal beliefs of the patients often play a vital role. According to Rumun, only by understanding these notions, one can provide a person with effective and attentive treatment. Thus, for a better understanding, an interview was conducted with the participation of a local Muslim community member. In the process, it was discovered that while Islam offers an array of specific values and practices, most of them do not cause healthcare difficulties. Although Islamic spirituality does not wholly correspond to my beliefs, I could not help but agree with several points. Interview Results We talked about the connection between Islam and the possible implications of healthcare. The respondent insisted that Muslims value medicine a lot since they deem spiritual and bodily health as holistic assets. On my question of whether the beliefs could hinder the treatment, the respondent said that in most cases, it could be avoided. If healthcare providers have no objections against daily Islamic rituals like prayer, cleansing, or fasting, these could even improve the condition of a Muslim patient. Also, the respondent agreed that conservative community members do not support such medical methods as birth control. Nonetheless, he noted that in extreme cases, exceptions could be made. Moreover, according to him, younger Muslims are more practical in that regard. Comparison of Beliefs Several features seem unusual to me, given my personal beliefs. I was raised in a family of Christians and inherited their moral values, although there was not so much accent on fasting, a common practice, and especially on cleansing. However, I have already noted during my experience that prayer really can raise the spirit of an ill person. Even more, I could not agree more that the tolerance to beliefs demonstrated by the medical staff is a keystone for handling a patient from a different culture. Conclusion The religion and beliefs of a patient heavily influence the conditions of their treatment. For the sake of determining the correlation, we interviewed a local Muslim who agreed to help. In the process, he explained that most of the rituals do not contradict successful rehabilitation, and spiritual confidence can even improve it. Although for a Christian person, the emphasized rituals of cleansing and fasting can appear odd, one cannot disagree with the statement that tolerance is a crucial part of the patient-nurse relationship.
The cultural differences that exist between Eastern and Western families, as illustrated by Ishiguro in A Family Supper , involve the following: family relationships, defined roles and responsibilities as well as values and traditions. Reading Kazuo Ishiguro’s short story, A Family Supper gives an insight into the Japanese culture. The story describes the author coming back home to Tokyo two years after his mother’s death. Thus, the family dinner takes place on the occasion of his arrival. This piece of literature provides us with the opportunity to see Japanese family’s dynamics and shows us how the modern aspects of Japanese family relate with its traditional aspects. Comparing the culture illustrated in this story with cultures in the Western families brings out some key differences. One difference involves the family relationships. The relationship between the author and the parents is strained because of the author’s decision to move to California, as explained in the story where the author states, “My relationship with my parents had become somewhat strained around that period …” (Ishiguro 1). Moving out to another country disappointed his mother; the father even alludes that it might have been the reason she died saying, “It’s my belief that your mother’s death was no accident. She had many worries. And some disappointments.” (Ishiguro 3). The relationship between the father and the son is also strained as shown when the author remembers how the father used to beat him for ‘chattering like an old woman.’ (Ishiguro 1). In Western cultures, beating children is considered a cruel punishment to a child, while in the Eastern cultures, the same was, and sometimes still is, the common form of child’s upbringing. The father and son relationship like in other families involves respect. The author offers his father the last piece of fish at the end of the story, thus showing respect to his father. Relationships in Japanese families are usually seen as emotionally distant. Communication is strained, and this is shown through long pauses between the author and his father. The daughter fears to communicate to the author as it may lead to awkward topics, when the father is around. In Western countries, communication is encouraged between children and their parents to lessen tension between them. In Japan, parents demand respect and obedience as seen when the author’s sister returns picture of their mother to the wall. in such a strengthen atmosphere, a fear may develop. In Western countries, children mostly respect their parents but
It is possible to say that economic, industrial, and intellectual trends, which emerged in the nineteenth century, contributed to the growing inequalities in many European societies. Moreover, one should speak about the growing class division which can be explained by the fact that a growing number of people became dissatisfied with the lack of opportunities for climbing social ladder. This argument can be best illustrated by examining the primary sources that can throw light on the experiences of people who lived during that period. To some degree, this confrontation can be explained by extremely poor working conditions that could destroy the health of an individual. For instance, it is possible to mention Sadler Commission Report on Child labor. This document shows that children could be beaten and humiliated by foremen [1] . Moreover, these people did not have many opportunities to improve their living conditions even though they could be working since the age of eight. This is one of the issues that can be singled out. The hostility between various classes could be intensified because workers could believe that they were dehumanized by their employers. In order to understand the causes of this hostility one can look at the extremely rigid rules that regulated workers’ behavior. According to these rules, workers could be fined for every deviation from the procedures established by the management [2] . To some degree, this situation can be explained by rapid development of technologies during the nineteenth century. This trend reduced the bargaining power of workers whose services were of lesser importance to manufacturers. Admittedly, there were people, who attempted to show that there had been no need to speak about injustice. For instance, one can mention Samuel Smiles and his book Self-Help and Thrift. He wanted to emphasize the idea that the social inequalities could be explained by the individual qualities of a person. For instance, he said that poverty could be explained by “individual idleness, selfishness, and vice” [3] . This rhetoric could not fully explain the origins of inequalities. However, it could intensify the hostility toward more prosperous people. In turn, the arguments put forward by Samuel Smiles were less popular in comparison with the ideas of Karl Marx [4] . These exampl
General Electric Company (GE) is one of the largest firms in United States of America, currently rated as the fourteenth most profitable company. By the year 2011, the company operated in more than 100 countries and employed more than 290,000 persons worldwide. With its headquarters based in Fairfield, the company majors in four sectors, which include energy, technology, industrial, and capital finance (Rothschild, 2007). Currently, the company’s products and services range from power generation, aircraft engines, medical machines, household appliances, and consumer financing. From the year 2001, Jeffrey Immelt has been General Electrical Chairman and CEO. The company’s board directors comprise of several members, among which are Douglas Warner III, Rochelle Lazarus, Ralph Larsen, Samuel Nunn, W. Beattie, Ann Fudge and Andrea Jung. The CEO with the help of the company’s executive leaders and the board of directors has transformed the company to be one of the world’s most diverse companies. History In the year 1876, Thomas Alva Edison opened a laboratory in New Jersey with the aim of producing dynamo and other electric devices (Eckes, 2001). With the development of luminescent electric lamb, the laboratory became the greatest invention center during the 19 th century. In the year 1890, Edison developed Edison electrical company bringing together several business owned by him. During the same era, Thomson – Houston electric company was formed and emerged as one of the best electrical companies of that time. With the expansion of these companies, the companies realized that they could produce better electrical devices if they merged their patents and technologies (Boyle, 1998). As a result, the two companies combined in the year 1892 under the name General Electrical Company. Effects of the company Overtime, GE has earned unmatched reputation in the public domain. The company is famous for its rigorous techniques of analyzing and monitoring its progress (Gitlin, 2010). With the changes in the business trends in the modern markets, the company remains dedicated to responsible public spirit and robust business governance. To achieve this, the company has upheld its values of integrity, ethics, and transparency. The company’s positive change can also be exhibited through the company’s philanthropy programs. Over the last two years, the company has released $38 million aimed at improving its employee’s welfare (Gitlin, 2010). Similarly, the company has heavily invested in clean energy and healthcare technologies. This has been made possible by the company’s partnership with the best world class researchers aimed at bringing positive effects in the society. Likewise, the company is reputable for its quick responds to multifaceted global issues such as global warming and healthca
Management Issues Faced by Mia Foster Mia Foster is relatively new in her position as the chief executive of Levendary Café. However, she finds herself under an immense pressure from various departments within the firm. The senior managers at the firm’s parent firm are putting a lot of pressure on her to get full control of the operations in China. Peter Steele, the chief franchise officer is mad about the operation strategies employed by the management of this firm in its branch in China (Bartlett & Arar, 2011). He insists that Foster must find a way to stop the operations strategies in China, and make that management embrace the strategies used in the parent firm back in the United States. Nick White, the chief operating officer, believes that the Louis Chen, the manager in charge of operations in China, is just a difficult individual to deal with. He also registers his dissatisfaction with the way the Chinese branch of this firm is run. Louis Chen on the other hand, strongly believes that the American markets are different from the markets in China. As such, the management strategies that work well in China may not be very successful. He also believes that he has freedom to employ his own strategies because that was part of the original agreement when he was assigned this task about 12 months ago (Bartlett & Arar, 2011). He insists that he was given 18 months to ensure that Levendary Café is operational in China. This was to be achieved using strategies considered appropriate in this country. He had over five months to employ his strategies and ensure that Levendary Café had st
Introduction When people who have not attained the age of majority commit crimes, they have to face the criminal justice system for justice to prevail. However, their treatment is somewhat different with that of adult offenders considering the age factor and the fact that some of them may not have the mental capability to perceive the gravity of their actions. Over the years, there has been a pressing need for justice systems in various jurisdictions to come up with various techniques of case management as a way of offering assistance to the people who have been convicted for various crimes in jails. While people convicted of various crimes are seen as a threat to society and thus the need to seclude them, it is important to remember that there are various issues especially health matters that affect those incarcerated. It is this reason that has necessitated the need of adoption of methods to deal with some of the problems that such people face. The focus of this discussion is the case management approach that is applied in juvenile justice. Purpose and Goal of Juvenile Justice Case Management When juveniles are incarcerated or put behind bars for having committed crimes, this whole experience affects them mentally especially due to their tender age. The same also affects adult offenders. The purpose and goal of case management for both juveniles and adult offenders is to ensure that the experience they go through due to incarceration does not later lead to recidivism, mental disorders, or developmental problems (Robert, 2004, p. 76). Various programs have therefore been developed by the justice systems in various jurisdictions with the help of social workers and medical practitioners which focus on the holistic aspect of an individual. Being able to take a juvenile detainee through the criminal justice system while applying these technique and ensures that they go back to the society unscathed is the challenge and thus responsibility of case management officials. Case Management Models There are two main models of case management. One of the models is strength based and focuses on the strengths and capabilities of a detained juvenile. This model puts much emphasis on those talents which the client has identified on his own and they are nurtured through the service and treatment plan adopted for him. Under this model the manager i
To address the problem of readmissions in hospitals, it is necessary to implement a certain intervention. For the project oriented to decreasing rates of readmissions for surgical patients in the selected facility, the performance of post-discharge follow-up calls is determined as an appropriate change (Daniels et al., 2016; Lushaj et al., 2016). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the change model that is effective to organize a process of implementing the intervention and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model in the chosen context. Selection of the Change Model and Rationale Jeanie Daniel Duck is an author of the change curve model that should be selected for this project (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2014). The realization of the proposed intervention is based on involving registered nurses (RNs), medical doctors (MDs), and nurse practitioners (NPs), as well as administrators and managers, who need to adapt to a new strategy of conducting a post-discharge procedure. As a result, much attention should be paid to stakeholders’ reactions and their acceptance of the procedure. Duck’s change model is appropriate in this case because the author focuses not only on such aspects as strategy and execution but also on emotional and behavioral factors that influence persons’ vision of the change. Thus, a change process can be viewed as a curve that reflects such stages as stagnation, preparation, implementation, determination, and fruition (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2014). The rationale to choose this model is in its focus on persons’ emotions and perceptions of the change at each stage. It is important to demonstrate how this model can be applied to the current project. The Change Model in Relation to the Implementation Plan The first stage of the change model is stagnation which determines problems in the currently used strategy (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2014). In this project, the phase of stagnation is associated with the period of increasing readmission rates that cannot be addressed effectively and that cause the use of more human and financial resources to readmit all surgical patients. At the second stage of preparation, it is important to formulate a plan of actions, develop a procedure for performing follow-up calls, assign RNs, MDs, and NPs to perform these calls, and improve the practitioners’ schedule. At this stage, RNs, MDs, and NPs can demonstrate the unwillingness to perform unfamiliar tasks, and it is important to support them in order to continue the change project (Clari et al., 2015; Szöts, Konradsen, Solgaard, & Østergaard, 2014). Implementation is the third stage, and it is the most critical one because, accordi
Introduction Marketing environment is a term used to refer to the forces outside of marketing which have an influence on the marketing manager’s ability to create and maintain a healthy relationship with the customers he is targeting. In other words, these forces affect the demand and supply of goods and services. In this write up, focus is given on three marketing forces namely economic, competitive and socio-cultural forces. Economic forces These refer to prosperity, recession, depression and recovery life cycles and how they affect the consumption of a product. In any circumstance, what determines whether the consumer will use that product is whether he has the ability to purchase it. This makes economic factors key determinants or a key environmental force and the most fundamental force affecting marketing of a commodity. Factors like employment, rate of inflation, interest rates, fiscal and monetary policies also fall under this category even though they are intricately intertwined and they eventually affect the business’ marketing activities by determining the amount of demand for the firm’s products (Franke, Hofstede & Bond, 1991). How can the marketer use economic odds to his advantage? Depending on how all the economic factors are addressed by the firm, they can be either an opportunity or a threat to the firm. For instance, discount stores and fast food points do better in a down economy as opposed to a vibrant and strong economy where people search for healthier foods. Organizations will therefore need to review how economic conditions will impact on their businesses and respond appropriately. A successful marketer has to anticipate and visualize these economic factors and use them to his advantage. The focus is to get the maximum benefits at the minimum costs possible. Often in such circumstances as downturns and recessions, there will be high unemployment, low purchasing power, and therefore low demand for products. The strategic marketer can plan to offer more value for the same or lower price than the competitor. He can increase advertising and utilize technology in cost reduction (Porter, 2008). The marketer will become a resource by providing information and tools which are needed by the prospects. Competitive forces Before looking at the competitive forces themselves, it is important to understand the competitive structures. They include monopoly where there is only one marketer in the market place, oligopoly where there are few marketers- say three or four, perfect competition where competitors are of equal strength and equal access to market, and eventually monopolistic competition where there are many marketers. The monopolistic competition is the most common and marketers have to work to ensure that consumers choose their commodities and not those of their competitors (Lee, 1966). Michael E. Porter classified the forces into five categories, namely the intensity of competitive rivalry, the threat