ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Kenya government The type of government in Kenya is almost similar to other governments around the world. People’s representatives are elected through democratically held elections with governments and various bodies around the world sending observers to ensure transparency. However, citizens are not allowed to vote on issues that relate to policy formulation and changes in law unless in special circumstances like constitutional referendum. The president acts both as the head of state and head of government and is elected through popular vote. He is also a member of parliament. The president chooses members of the cabinet from the elected members of the legislative assembly. The country’s laws are made by legislature in the national assembly. The numbers of legislatures, known as members of parliament (MPs), currently stands at 210. A small number of MPs are also nominated by their respective parties. Apart from the central government, there are smaller administrative units known as districts which are further divided into divisions. The government further comprises of the judiciary led by the chief justice. The judicial service commission, just like the parliamentary service commission, looks into issues of remuneration of judicial officers and their welfare. One issues that seems to bedevil Kenya is the high rate of corruption in the country, particularly in public offices. Besides, business people opting for short cuts in attaining business permits and other licenses have to bribe the authorities so that the process is hastened (Nawaz, 6). Banking sector in Kenya Kenya boasts of 43 commercial banks and one mortgage finance company. Among these banking institutions, 30 are locally owned where as 13 are owned by foreign based institutions. The government has significant shareholding in three local based banks. Asset wise, Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) is the biggest bank with over 2.78 million dollars in assets spread across the country and its neighbors. Local banks, such as Equity Bank, have also opened branches in neighboring countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, and Southern Sudan, thereby increasing their asset value. At the end of 2010, there were 12.8 million bank accounts serving the country’s population of roughly 40 million people. This was an increase from the 4.7 million figure that was recorded in 2007. At the end of 2010, there were 1063 bank branches compared to 740 in 2007. Automatic teller machines stood at 1940 currently compared to 1012 in 2007. Agent banking has also been introduced to serve areas that lack bank structures. Fraud remains a major challenge
Employees are a company’s greatest asset. However, overstaffing can result in high costs that affect the organization’s finances and ability to utilize resources optimally. Multinational Corporation A. P. Moeller-Maersk has announced that it will lay off about 4,000 employees by the end of 2017 to streamline its operations (Woo par. 1). The downsizing has resulted from the downturn in the container shipping industry. The company announced that its shipping division (Maersk Line) will simplify the organization by laying off staff to reduce operating costs. Besides, the company will postpone scheduled investments and plans to expand (Woo par. 2). The unit has more than 23,000 staff around the world (Woo par. 3). Maersk Line is the biggest container shipping line in the world and has experienced decreased demand in recent months. The line’s chief executive officer announced that the program is aimed at making the line leaner and simpler, as well as transforming the shipping industry (Woo par. 4). The cuts are motivated by a gloomy market outlook that will lower the profits of the line. The line has terminated two services in the last two months due to poor performance and low demand in the market (Woo par. 6). The line plans to terminate 35 sailings that are not projected to produce positive financial results. These changes have been prompted by low global demand for those services and overcapacity in the shipping industry. Its competitor (Neptune Orient Lines) made a loss of US$96.1 million last month due to changes in demand in the market (Woo par. 9). A few months ago, rumors spread that the firm was up for sale owing to its loss-making streak. Its chief executive officer said that there is a possibility of the firm’s sale. Significance in a global setting Organizational restructuring is a common strategy applied by firms to reduce costs of operation, streamline business processes, and improve output and productivity. Downsizing capacity will allow Maersk Line to reduce operating costs and retain its dominance in the global shipping industry. The cuts will increase the line’s capability to utilize its resources for optimal profitability in its different shipping lines around the world. On the other hand, making the firm leaner and simpler will enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of its operations and processes as well as decision-making processes. To maintain its position as the leader in the shipping industry, t
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) is a set of guidelines that regulate the composition of basic financial reports such as balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and disclosures. GAAP regulates the main formatting aspects of these reports, including grammar and punctuation (Accounting Foundation, n.d.). The main advantage of GAAP for financial accounting resides in the fact that it ensures industry-wide conformity of accounting terms, methods, and assumptions. In other words, with the help of GAAP, accountants can maintain the methodological consistency of any prepared financial documentation and can further guarantee that their reports meet universal standards and will be correctly interpreted by any external party. Taking into account the fact that the reporting structure has only become more and more complicated, GAAP seems to be the only way to deliver consistent financial reporting (Edwards & Hermanson, 2007). However, it should be pointed out that GAAP ensures the conformity of financial reports within the United States exclusively. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a set of internationally accepted reporting norms that provides a guideline for preparing relevant financial documentation. In other words, IFRS provides a common financial language that accountants are supposed to use in order to eliminate any potential barriers to the reports’ interpretation (Investopedia, 2016c). The advantages of IFRS for financial accounting are similar to those offered by GAAP. Indeed, the only difference is that IFRS is mainly applied within the European Union and some Asian and South American countries, while GAAP is used in the United States. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a body created by the U.S. government in order to protect stakeholders from market fraud and manipulations. The SEC exists to promote transparent and ethical business conduct. The SEC was founded in the United States after the devastating stock market crash of 1929, which had been provoked by reports of numerous cases of corrupted and misleading information (Investopedia, 2016e). For an economy to function well, it is highly critical that investors have a committee whom they can address to receive assistance in protecting their actions. Hence, the SEC is a useful tool that gives investors access to essential security forms, registration forms, and other safety-related financial documents. In addition, the SEC has the authority to enforce punishments on firms that display unethical business practices ranging from fraud and insider trading to intentional informational misleading (Investopedia, 2016e). Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) The Public Company Accou
Introduction Developing iPhone applications has become fashionable in recent days; many application developers have consistently saturated the market with all sorts of ported ecstatic applications which most times are certainly not user-friendly due to the poor nature of designs. The paper is developed in order to actualize a user friendly iPhone which will enhance the following:   * Intuitive interface searching for professional development tools;   * Utilize all the feature and functions in the iPhone; A lot of iPhone users are overwhelmed with prototyping software out there. The prototype developed in this work particularly aims at implementing the proposed metadata architecture in order to demonstrate its role in supporting the adaptation and delivery of content to clients. Consequently, a software type for a prototype which is effective for designing graphical tools, word-processors, web applications, games, multimedia applications, and operating systems will be made use of for the design of a conceptual Windows Mobile application (generated from output platform of the final outcome by vigorously shaking the device for filtration)- this will be achieved through adequately exploring iPhone application components. Objective Professional suggestions are important for software searching and comparing. As there are many considerations for selecting prototyping software, there will be grouping of the considerations according to different software types, user groups and output platforms. A short essay of professional recommendation will be given for each of these groups, with key considerations highlighted, so that users can learn how to choose for suitable software. Rationale of UI design An iPhone application would ordinarily be designed as multifaceted and would constitute presentations, businesses as well as data-layers. In the development of an iphone application, one is confronted with the choice of developing a thin-web-based-client application or one for clients who are financially buoyant. A client is, thus, base-point for inclusive layers in an iPhone application design. When producing for a client who is financially buoyant, it is proper to locate data/business services externally on the gadget. In a case whereby the garget is to be designed for a thin-client, it would be appropriate to locate the various layers on device’s server-unit. For financially buoyant
One burning issue in the matter of the juvenile justice system is the question of youngsters with mental health problems within the confines of correctional facilities. This issue has been at the forefront of most lobby groups that advocate for the fair and just treatment of the disadvantaged individuals. The youngsters with mental health issues have always been a formidable challenge to the juvenile justice system in many places worldwide. It is hard for everyone when a juvenile commits a crime. This is more pronounced when he or she is certified with a mental disorder. As much as the authorities attempt to address the problem of accommodating them within the correctional facilities, there is still need to put in more effort. It will not do anyone any good to turn the correctional facilities into surrogate psychiatric hospitals. Addressing the tension filled intrinsic behavior that is exuded by juveniles against the justice system that is in place, ought to be among the front running priorities of the authorities. The enforcers of the law must yield to the fact that there are some aspects of juvenile delinquents, especially their behavior, that may be based upon contending mandates, as well as priorities, which encompass the need to rehabilitate the young offenders as well as to maintain a hold on them for their responsibility for their actions. They may also need to recognize the need for them to protect the public. As much as it may be a challenging task, the staff members have to learn how to balance these priorities. Involvement in illegal behavior and partaking, in criminal activities, may be defined as juvenile delinquency. It is the involvement of an individual in activities that may be considered as being against the law by a young person who is considered legally underage. Status offenses are those prohibited to certain people (Schmalleger 2011, p. 34). They may include a wide array of activities such as drinking alcohol as well as smoking tobacco products. Other offenses may be categorized in this group such as running away from home, as well as truancy. They are illegal to people of certain ages while the same is not applicable to others makes them status offenses. Juvenile courts handle only cases for minors while adult courts handle cases for mature people. Most of the variables that correlate with juvenile crime rates are typically in the category of drugs. Bullying and mistreatment also aggravate the situation. Ignorance is also one critical variable. Peer pressure plays a significant role too. Statistics show that the rate of juvenile delinquency dropped from 2006 to 2010. It is projected that there will be a steady increase in the number of juvenile cases from 2011 up to 2025. Currently, that percentage is rising. Reference Schmalleger, F 2011, Criminal justice today:
A bar chart refers to a plan or graph that compares different categories of data using rectangular bars, either vertically or horizontally. The bar length is proportional to the values. New York Times published a newspaper on 10 th Feb 2022 and an article ‘How the pandemic has affected weddings,’ and individuals used the graph to show annual weddings from 1970 to 2022. Yearly there were 2.1 million weddings in the United States, but in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there was a drop by 38 percent to 1.3 million weddings (Osisanwo, 2021). The key aspect of a graph that makes it meaningful in articles is the summary that is brought out in the discussion and analysis section. For instance, in the article mentioned above, the graph has summarized individuals virtually conducted most of the weddings in 2020 with few guests due to government restrictions on COVID-19 as other weddings were postponed. Contextually, graphs give a clear visual impression of the key aspects discussed, making the data understood by the reader or researcher. In 2021 the COVID-19 restrictions like social distancing were relaxed, and there was an improvement to 1.9 million weddings from the previous year. The decline in several weddings has worried countries’ fertility rates, as per the article (Osisanwo, 2021). Graphs are used to communicate information and entertain the article reader. Comparing the values of weddings in the nation for several years helps the reader predict the future wedding trend from the previous data. The reader gets a clear picture of the article presented. Besides, it covers large data on a smaller page. Simple, standard, and scalable are the critical items that make the chart valuable in the content of an article. Simply refers to how easy the variable can be interpreted. The title should be simple and to the point (Osisanwo, 2021). The data should be standardized and not complex for easy understanding. It also creates consistency across article organizations. In addition, scalable is another critical item that refers to a project’s ability to visualize the growing amount of data obtained. Individuals should use the right charts if the visual scalability is increased. Conclusively, charts are given the reader easy work in data comparison and analysis,
Administrators’ role in clinical healthcare delivery teams and clinicians’ role in healthcare administration teams There are various challenges that feature in the management and operations of healthcare organizations. Healthcare delivery models are shifting from the traditional modalities and into new value-added systems. Consequently, I fully agree with the sentiment that administrators should play a prominent role in the clinical healthcare delivery teams while clinicians should play a prominent role in healthcare administration teams. This view is informed by various factors that are subject to the structures of modern healthcare organizational models. First, when clinicians are in charge of healthcare administration teams, their credibility increases significantly. For instance, most healthcare staff members believe that a manager with clinical experience has the ability to prioritize on the crucial health care goals. On the other hand, organizations are continuously increasing the scope of administration teams’ activities with the aim of improving their technical skills. (5) Having healthcare administrators participate in clinical activities “makes their roles more strategic and also enables them to respond to the changing organizational demands in their respective fields”. (6 p306) Combining the roles of both clinicians and healthcare administrators is aimed at creating teams that have the ability to think strategically and harness resources with the view of improving efficiency and outcomes. Health organization trends indicate that in future there will be high demand of administrators who have active experience in clinical operations. Overall, healthcare organizations should equip themselves with integrated management teams in response to the increased population health-management demands. (4) The components of effective team performance The hallmark of a functional health management team is high task effectiveness, good social climate, and a sense of stability over time. (2) First, a functional team is bound by several principles that are all aimed towards effective healthcare practices. A good management team is dedicated to patient safety at all times. In addition, a good team is motivated by various management
Since the emergence of the victim’s rights movement, significant progress has been made in decreasing the violence by both decreasing consequences of the assault and preventing the possible violence. This latter result was achieved in part by the implementation of the National Crime Victimization Survey, which serves the purpose of the early warning system and a valuable tool for analysis of the trends in multiple aspects of criminal activities. Two reports show the significant progress in the declining crime rate of a sexual character as well as those involving firearms. The research on firearms violence rates shows a stable decrease in recent years. The homicides related to firearms have gone down 39% from 1993 (18, 253 victims) to 2011 (11,101 victims). The percentage of crimes not resulting in fatalities decreased even more, with almost seventy percent from the 1993’s 1,5 million to 2011’s 467,300 instances (NCVS, 2013). As the firearm-involving homicides comprise around 70% of the total number of fatal crimes, this may be viewed as a contribution to the safety of the population. The rate of sexual assault victimization has also decreased in the period since 1997. The tendency is overwhelming as it can be observed among students (3,3 to 1,5) and non-student (9,2 to 4,3) age groups alike, with the latter exhibiting more than a 50% decrease (NCVS, 2014). Reporting of data in a reassuring tone may be used to raise the confidence in the existing organization designated to deal with the issue (e.g. NCVS) or any party that claims the responsibility for the positive outcome. Sex crimes and firearm violence are known to be a serious issue in American society. While certain effort has been made to mend the adverse outcomes for victims of the assaults and decrease the rates of victimization, the numbers obtained by the NCVS suggest the lack of substantial progress or, in some cases, no progress at all. The report on firearm violence resulting in death, for instance, shows the 39% decline since 1993. However, under closer inspection, it becomes apparent that the decline occurs in the period of 1993 to 1999, whereas it starts to grow again to 2006 (10,828 to 12,791) and decreases unsubstantially from there on (12,791 to 11,101) (NCVS, 2013). The same tendency is observed regarding the non-fatal violence incidents: a steep decline from 1993 to 2004 (1,529,700 to 456,500, more than 70%), but no significant progress since (2006, only two years later, saw an increase in 157900 victims of violence) (NCVS, 2013). The same tendency is observed if we look at the rates of sexual victims. The number of non-college age victims has declined from 3,3 to 1,5 per 1000 population. However, as this age group becomes the target of the sexual assault about three times less frequently than students and non-students age 18 to 24, this decline does not influence the numbers significantly.
During World War I, the federal government of the United States expanded its bureaucracies. In particular, the state created a variety of temporary agencies that were needed for the effective support of the U.S. Army. Apart from that, the country assumed a rigid control infrastructure and industrial production. This result was achieved with the help of various laws and regulations. Moreover, the state acquired the authority to limit the freedom of an individual. This process had long-term implications that can still be observed in modern American society. These are the major questions that should be discussed more closely. The period between 1914 and 1918 was marked by the increased role of the federal government in the United States and the dramatic expansion of its bureaucracies. This paper is aimed at discussing various examples of this expansion during World War I. On the whole; it is possible to argue that this institution became a powerful agent that could profoundly shape economic activities in the country and control its infrastructure. To a great extent, this goal was achieved by creating new governmental agencies or adopting new regulations. More importantly, the government acquired the authority to suppress the individuals who opposed its policies. These are the main aspects that should be examined in greater detail because the legacies of this period are still noticeable in contemporary America. First, it should be noted that the federal government assumed a much stronger control over industrial production and agriculture. This step was critical for the support of the U.S. Army that had to carry out large-scale operations in various regions of the world. Moreover, the state nationalized some of the major railroads because, in this way, they tried to ensure the effective transportation of raw materials needed by the military personnel. To a great extent, this policy was supposed to adjust the American economy to wartime needs. This is one of the points that can make. Furthermore, one should mention the establishment of the War Industries Board, which was an important federal agency that was responsible for the supply of the U.S. Army. Furthermore, the federal government began to play a more active part in the financial life of the country. For example, one can speak about the emission of liberty bonds that helped the state to finance the long-term military effort of the American government. One should also keep in mind that the state attempted to influence public opinion. For example, the government established the Committee on Public Information. It was responsible for the creation of propaganda which could prompt people to form a favorable opinion about the policies of the state. One of its major objectives was to show that the United States had to become involved in this military conflict. The existence of such an organization was unprecedented before the start of World War I. The major trend that could be observed during that period was the creation of many temp