ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Return on investment (ROI) is a term used to describe the gains emanating from a venture. An elevated ROI indicates that the benefits from the venture are positively compared to the outlay. Being a measure of performance, ROI is employed in the evaluation of the effectiveness of a venture or assessment of the success of numerous dissimilar ventures. In simple economic terms, it is a means of mulling over profits with respect to the vested capital (Knight par. 1-3). In the calculation of ROI, the gain (return) from a venture is divided by the outlay and the outcome is expressed as a proportion or percentage. Description of the Analysis Prior to making an investment, one should compute the ROI through the comparison of the anticipated gains with the outlays. However, the calculation of the ROI is not as easy as it appears, and mistakes that a number of managers make lies in the confusion of profit and cash. There is a significant difference between the two, since (if profit is mistaken for cash in the computation of ROI) a firm can demonstrate an extremely better return than could be attained. Profits appear in the income statement of a firm illustrating what remains when every cost and outlay is deducted from the revenues of the firm. Nonetheless, this is not directly linked to cash. As Knight (2015) ascertains, revenue is not a cash-anchored figure as a firm could record revenue every time it is transporting products or offering services to its clients, whether the clients clear the bills or not (par. 1-5). On the other hand, cash deals appear on the cash flow statements where the statements show that cash is made through the firm’s transactions
The moment I walked into the Major Health Policy Themes in Canada class, I knew that this course would grant me the opportunity to be a member of the Canadian health system. I am taking the Major Health Policy Themes in Canada course to have a better inside into the contemporary health issues in Canada. I would like to be able to understand, analyze, and evaluate health policy problems and formulate appropriate conclusions. I desire to develop critical, diagnostic, and innovative thinking in the healthcare sphere. I anticipate having a comprehension of the relationship between globalization and the Canadian healthcare system. My goal is to utilize the knowledge and skills gained from what I have learned in this course and practically apply them to the real world. I would also like to use the case studies available in the course to enhance my comprehension of how the healthcare strategies in Canada are developed and put into practice. My literacy in this course’s content will enable me to be articulate on the ideas I gain and contribute them to the perspectives of the current healthcare policy system in Canada. The major current healthcare event I would like to discuss concerns the government’s HIV and AIDS awareness conventions and unauthorized sale of HIV test equipment in Canada. I think this is a major event in the Canadian healthcare policy because the HIV and AIDS initiatives in Canada represent a key healthcare concern in the country. My reflective paper will analyze the main critical issues within the Canadian HIV and AIDS healthcare system. I have studied the roles of Health Canada that partner with the Canadian government to articulate the HIV health care issues in Canada. It incorporates organizations, such as the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Correctional Service of Canada (Health Canada, 2012). In the analysis, its most important endeavor is to prevent the spread of the HIV disease. It also intends to slow down the rapid progression of the pandemic. In addition to this, it aims to enhance and improve the quality of life of the persons living with HIV and AIDS in Canada. The Canadian government works in partnership with non-governmental organizations. Regional and territorial governments, health care experts and researchers equally work together through the Federal Initiative. The Federal Initiative is concerned with persons adversely affected by HIV and AIDS (Health Canada, 2012). I have examined that Canada has equally acted in response to the international HIV and AIDS pandemic. The Canadian HIV Vaccine Initiative is its most fundamental constituent. This initiative organizes the Canadian involvement in worldwide actions to speed up the improvement of secure, efficient, inexpensive, and universally available vaccines to treat the patients with HIV. It characterizes a mutual Canadian involvement in the Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise. I have noted that it is essentially devoted
Introduction In today’s society, image is everything. In most cases, we are judged and judge others according to the dress code, the car that one drives, or the region that one lives. These aspects can tell you a lot about someone. For example, posh cars symbolize elegance, wealth, and status, while muscle cars show that a person is confident and adventurous. This paper shall set out to detail an observation made regarding a Subaru outback. Car description On my way to the market, I saw a Subaru outback (4 doors station wagon) parked outside the supermarket. The car was light green in color, with a black line crossing centrally from the front bumper to the rear bumper. It had alloy rims and was squeaky clean. The rear seat was folded to create larger storage space. It looked new (or rather, well maintained), and I could say it is the second-generation Subaru outback (2000-’04). The interior was customized with leather seats and a CD player. In addition, a tree-shaped air freshener was visible as it hung on the interior rearview mirror. The number plate was standard, and there was a sticker on the rear left with the message “my drive to achieve”. Similarly, the car had a large Subaru sticker on the windscreen. Generally, the car looked simple but elegant. Inferred personality Arguably, people buy specific car brands in order to fulfill a specific emotional need. This is attributed to the fact that people are emotionally committed to look and feel like they are rational decision-makers. They often want to seem ethical and smart in their social circles. A Subaru Outback is a car that achieves this aim in more than one way. It shows practicality and nurturance. In addition, it says that the owner is intelligent and stable. This is because the car is relatively expensive and consumes more fuel than an average car. The exterior, as well as the interior aspects of the car, indicated that it belonged to a professional woman who is married and has children. This is attributed to the fact that maintaining a Subaru outback is normally expensive, and creating more storage space is indicative of a large shopping. The simplicity and cleanliness of the car show that the owner needs to be in control while maintaining a low profile. The size of the car indicates that the owner is bright hearted and has plenty of room for everyone. In addition, it shows that the owner loves children and does not mind a little clutter. In regard to ethnicity and religious affiliation, the owner is definitely an American and most likely a Christian. These assumptions are based on the fact that the car is p
Introduction According to the United Nations’ Convention, a child is defined to be anyone below the age of eighteen (Aiken and Lafollette, 1980). A couple of countries, however, define a child to be anyone below twenty one years. Power and politics are two inseparable elements that apply to everyone in the society, from the unborn, little children, young adults to the adults in the society. This is because power and politics come with laws, regulations and legislations that govern a country. In the society we live in, the majority of the people in power are usually the senior citizens of the country, usually above the age of fifty. These senior citizens are usually elected on the basis of influence, uncertainty, tradition, religious beliefs and experience, because they have held the positions for a long. Youths in governments are very few, except for the past decade, whereby leadership positions are slowly being handed over to the youths (Hasci, 2003). Politics, power and children The most interesting thing that in fact many leaders and the general public fail to see is that the decisions these political leaders make (for example the constitutional changes) will have heavier impacts on the children than they have on them. This is because the children will grow to find the legislation and will have to learn to live with them. These legislations will have major impacts on how the children will live in the future. In some states especially the underdeveloped and developing ones, legislations are very rigid to change, and when changed, usually go through a long process. This may prove disadvantageous to future generations because changing them will be tasking (Stephens, 1995). Secondly, political changes also have a lot of effects on the children because the directions that politicians head the country will affect the future political situation of the country. The majority of countries do not even consult children or ask for their views before passing bills into laws. It is a good idea and a determinant that should be considered before passing bills. A number of developed and developing states have a Children’s Parliament, headed by teenagers and junior high school youths (Hasci, 2003). These have played a significant role in helping leaders and specialists to determine what this young generation wants and expects of the senior citizens (their parents). As Hasci argues out, children’s rights are also determined by the politics and leaders that govern a state. Some liberationalists defend the motion children should have equal rights with adults. This is a motion that has been under debate and interestingly, children and young adults have been called upon to give their views on this (Hasci, 2003). Conclusion With all these observations, the general conclusion is that children have been neglected in the past in matters concerning politics and power, but this trend has been changing gradually in the past decade. It is important to include children either actively or passively in politics and power, because they will have to be involved in
Research the case using public sources and describe the facts of the case A Ponzi scheme can be simply defined as an investment operation founded on fraudulent operations that work by making returns to pay off investors from investments of new investors. It works by paying off different investors, not from any profits earned by an organization engaging in business but by monies from new investors (Thomson 2008, pp 2). Denning defines this scheme by stating that such a scheme is run by one central person. It involves a number of operations and usually is characterized by very high returns on investments that are in most cases very consistent. Such a scheme is very enticing as it promises very high returns in a relatively short period of time (Investopedia, 2011, p.2). The central role in the Chartwell Enterprises Ponzi scheme was played out by Hoy Graham. The collapse of the scheme meant that he had failed to recruit more investors to pay off the already existing ones. The two co-founders of the company were Hoy Graham and Roy Rau. Rau was the partner in charge of the firm’s trading whereas his partner was in charge of raising more funds (Denning, 2008). Neither of them had any form of training in handling other people’s money (Denning, 2008). The scheme targeted investors who had small funds set aside to spare. Chartwell claimed to be investing in high-risk shares, foreign exchange as well as commodity markets (Denning, 2008). The investors were paid a set interest of between 20-40% sometimes rising to as high as 70% on their investments ( Denning, 2008). Under the plan, the firm was entitled to retain any additional profits. The funds raised were used in three main ways, to pay off investors as they claimed to be interesting in their investments, to fund the company’s extraordinary business operations, and finance Hoy’s luxurious lifestyle. The company was established in the Victoria City of Geelong. Counting on the town’s good population would make a considerable pool of investors, a big advantage to Chartwell enterprise, as well as distinguishing the company as a support for the community. The company was established in the year 2002, May by the two partners. It was not until the year 2007 that the company began to defraud its investors, as the fund could no longer be sustained. The Ponzi scheme was carried out for about fifteen months ( Thomson 2008, pp 3). Hoy was charged before the Australian Supreme court with over 200 counts of fraudulently obtaining property by deception as well as obtaining financial advantage by deception (Thomson 2008, pp 6 ). He sought to plead guilty to 34 out of the fifty counts he was charged with as well as 10 other charges of obtaining property by deceit for the period between 2007 and 2008. His co-accused, Ian Rau, after agreeing to testify against him was sentenced to 18 years by the Supreme Court after pleading guilty to the charges (Thomson 2008, pp10). Benefits of a professional association in such a situation Ethics, professional ethics is of utmost importance to any industry
Introduction Alcohol has a myriad of negative effects that induce immense harm to a developing fetus and embryo. Depending on the level of exposure and developmental timing, abuse of alcohol may adversely contribute towards diverse and variable outcomes that can be observed as prenatal alcohol effects. Studies indicate that although alcohol consumption and its effects on pregnancy outcomes have been a major cause of concern throughout history, the ability of alcohol to massively interfere with teratogenicity was only realized after the 20 th century. Heaman, Gupton, and Moffatt (2005) indicate that today, alcohol is the leading cause of developmental disorders and birth defects in many nations including the United States of America. As analyzed in this paper, fetal alcohol syndrome has a serious adverse consequence on Canadian children due to exposure to prenatal alcohol. This paper analyses the issue of fetal alcohol syndrome among the aboriginal and Canadian populations. Overview of the problem and statistics Kodituwakka (2007) indicates that in Canada, neurodevelopmental disorders, mental retardation, and other serious birth defects in children are prevalent due to prenatal exposure to alcohol by pregnant women. Eighty percent of children born with fetal alcohol syndrome have behavioral abnormalities (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008-09). About 50% of the affected children show identifiable facial anomalies like micrognathia, cleft palate, and maxillary hypoplasia (Public health agency of Canada, 2008-09). Other related problems include decreased adipose tissue, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, hypotonia, and poor coordination. Every year, out of 1000 children born in Canada, 9 suffer from fetal alcohol syndrome. Today, there are over 300,000 Canadians who are suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome disorders (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2002). This has put pressure on the government due to the high cost of treatment per child which is about $ 23,792 (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2002). The number of Canadian pregnant women who are aware of the dangers of drinking while pregnant is high. However, statistics indicate that most of them cannot drop drinking when pregnant, and as such, about 37% of their babies are being exposed to alcohol from binge drinking (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2002). It is important to note that 37% of children exposed to alcohol come from women who take up to 5 drinks per day. Besides, another 42% of babies are exposed to alcohol from their mothers who take about 4 drinks per day (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2002). Other reports from the Fetal Alcohol Disorders Society in Canada indicate that special education services are being offered to approximately 20% of school children who have been affected by severe FAS conditions due to prenatal alcohol exposure (FASlink, 2011). The figure below shows the number of women in Can
Executive Summary Risk analysis is a continuous process that requires discipline and effort from the organizations involved. A constant monitoring of both internal and external environment is important to detect the risk factors. Risks lurk in every aspect of the business. They vary from competitor innovations to new technology in the market. These dynamics in the market bring about disruption to the operational consistency in the organization. Barclays bank, which is the case study of this paper, has strategies to counter both internal and external risks (Barclays bank, 2010). Apart from financial risk, the bank also faces other environmental and social risk in its expansion and operation. The bank has developed environmental and social impact assessment policy to all its branches worldwide and the policy is applied whenever the bank is providing its services to a sensitive sector. Private consultants who provide the analysis report on potential risks that the bank may be facing normally carry out environmental and social risk analysis. This is done in accordance with World Bank, international corporation finance policies and equator principles that provide the criteria used in dealing with environmental and social impacts that surround financial institutions. Source : Graig Moteff John rank business risk management . Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to assess the risk management strategies and policies utilized by Barclays bank. The study will address  1. Risk identification  2. Risk assessment  3. Risk mitigation  4. Risk responsibilities  5. Evaluation and reporting Risk Management Strategy Overview A risk is the potential of an activity or a process to lead to undesirable outcome. Any human endeavor carries with it a risk, which may be rather difficult to eliminate. For this reason, therefore efforts are normally put in place to mitigate and control the impacts of these risks so that organizations are not adversely affected. However, there are risks that can be controlled and others that cannot. Risk may be perceived as the probability of bad or good things that may happen to a business depending on the objectives of the business (Porteous & Pradip, 2005). Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing risks factors in order to minimize and control its impact in an organization. The first step in risk management is to identify the kind of potential risk a business is exposed to. This is done by examining the external and internal environment for drivers of the risks. External drivers will include factors such as competiton, industry changes, government policies, interest rates, foreign exchange and the poli
Introduction In the contemporary world different organizations are coming up with diverse ways that are tailored to make working conditions of the employees better. According to Algie (1997 p 276) although these kinds of organizations have different approaches in the way they try to address the welfare of their staff, he says that they all have a common a goal altogether which is of creating a conducive environment so that the members of staff can perform as expected of them by the organization. Why is a good work environment important for retaining and sustaining the health workforce? According to Fourines (2000 p 432) providing a good working environment for nurses and doctors is a very important thing because it helps in improving their performance while attending to patients and their fellow workers. He says that when the employees’ needs are addressed, then this is likely to translate to increased output per each of them. Furthermore, Kevin (2008 p 167) contends that a health institution that provides a good working environment for its employees is more likely to retain her employees regardless of the amount of money they pay to their employees. According to him, some people prefer working in a good environment with low pay rather than earn more money in a stressful environment. He point out that today as much as people are looking for organizations and institutions that are paying a higher wage, they are also looking for that one institution that is offering them a good working environment. He gives an example of a respondent who was a manager in an institution who said that after making sure that the employees’ pay and other needs were met, the institution realized an improvement across the board in all their departments. As a result he contends that as much as the company or the organization is striving to achieve its goals the employees welfare should also be thought about in order to hit their target. According to Cat (1985 p 49) maintaining a clean environment in hospitals is key in service delivery. This way the medical practitioners will feel safe since most of the ailments they diagnose are cleanliness related. Furthermore, allowing the employees to pursue more education is also an important since it gives them a chance to match the changing trends in health sector. Coetze (2006 p 89 ) argues that a health institution that provides a good working environment for the employees rarely experiences instances such as employees going on strike. In his argument he contends that by providing a good working environment, the nurses and the doctors are able to air their grievances. This provides an opportunity for the management to sit down with the employees’ representatives and hence come up with an agreement