ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Throughout the annals of time, there have been relationships that have quite literally steered the course of human history, while such occurrences are rare and are fortunately few and far between this does not lessen their historical importance nor their need to be studied. Before beginning on an examination of one such relationship, it must first be noted that such relationships are comparable to that of Paris and Helen in ancient Greek mythology. This is not to say that they brought disaster (though often they did) but rather they were the causes of great historical events and can even be considered an impetus of change within a distinct country or region which had a direct effect on the way historical events played out. One such notable historical relationship, which has been rendered time and again in the annals of history and Hollywood films, is that of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar. It must be noted that this particular relationship is unique among all others because not only are both individuals the heads of their respective states but they show similar character traits revolving around the ambition and the desire for power. To better understand both individuals, this paper shall examine events detailing the lives of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra, how they met and the events leading up to their eventual relationship and its subsequent unfortunate end. It must be noted though that based off historical accounts the relationship between Cleopatra and Julius Caesar was bound to fail even before it started due to the volatile combination of their personalities and the fact that both individuals were the heads of state of their respective countries. An Examination of Cleopatra Cleopatra is known historically for her great beauty yet few realize that it was because of this very beauty that resulted at an end of an age for Egypt whereon upon her death she became the very last pharaoh to have ever ruled the country. When examining the historical context of her relationship with Julius Caesar one question that comes to mind is how did Cleopatra and Julius Caesar even have anything in common let alone spoke the same language? What must first be understood is that Cleopatra or Cleopatra VII Philopator was originally a member of Ptolemaic dynasty. This was a family which was originally from Greece that had ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great. As such, due to her family origins and the fact that she spoke mainly Greek (but knew Egyptian). This resulted in her being more attuned to the language and culture of the Mediterranean rather than that of Egypt (Bergquist, 2010). This would explain why two people from different cultures were actually able to find some semblance of common ground and were able to communicate. The inherent problem with the various pop culture accounts of Cleopatra is that they always seem to indicate her beauty but neglect to mention her origins resulting in most people today believing that she initially had no connection whatsoever to Rome or that she was a pure blooded Egyptian (Bergquist, 2010). An examination of the various historical accounts preceding the
Introduction White Memorial Medical Center (WMMC) is a not-for-profit, faith-based, teaching hospital, which provides a full range of inpatient, outpatient, emergency and diagnostic services to communities in and near downtown Los Angeles. The medical center was founded by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in 1913 and it has worked ever since to keep the communities healthy. Today, White Memorial is one of the region’s leading not-for-profit hospitals. It offers services over a wide span of medical fields such as intensive and general medical care, oncology, orthopedic care, rehabilitation, specialized and general surgery, and women’s and children’s services (WMMC, 2009). Since it is also a major teaching hospital, White Memorial also plays an important role in training physicians, nurses and other medical professionals. It is affiliated with Loma Linda University and Medical Center, a 797-bed full-service teaching facility in the San Bernardino County, known globally for its groundbreaking cancer treatment and transplants, medical research and technology, and children’s services (WMMC, 2009). Main body As a Seventh-day Adventist medical center, the center operates with a spirit of Christian service, through a group of caring professionals. White Memorial works towards becoming a front entity for specialty and tertiary health care in Los Angeles. In its official website, the White Memorial Medical Centre pledges that as a Christian organization, it would live by six Guiding Principles: reach for the highest standards in work; provide services that customers say are excellent; treat others with the same compassion and respect as close family; take personal responsibility to ensure the safety of patients, co-workers and all others at work; use all resources responsibly and efficiently and be honest in all things (WMMC, 2009). The Adventist healthcare facility that was initially set up in Loma Linda shifted to the more urban Los Angeles due to requirements for more patients. It was founded by Seventh-day Adventist church leader and healthcare reformer Ellen G. White who desired to provide a higher standard of medical training. It opened in Los Angeles as a small storefront hospital in 1913 and with the fund raising efforts of fifty women of the Adventist church, the drive began for a hospital to be built at Boyle Avenue and named in honor of Ellen G. White. It was on April 21, 1918 that the White Memorial Hospital was founded amidst great enthusiasm (WMMC, 2009). The hospital deepened its commitment to
Introduction Currently, the world has numerous and well established Global Financial Centres (GFC). Most of these Financial Centres do not only yearn to be dominant, but also to be recognized as key regional and international GFC. Literature on international finance shows that in the last few decades, there has been the emergence of several Financial Centres in different areas across the globe. These GFCs have shown different levels of financial and operational success. Amongst the top ranked global financial centres are Toronto, Geneva, Chicago, Tokyo, Seoul, Zurich, Singapore, Hong Kong, New York City, and London. The list is in ascending order. A worldwide city or home to stock exchange, businesses, and banking defines a financial centre. Therefore, international financial centre is not a specific word for describing important p
Executive Summary Managing operations and Supplies are business processes that ensure adequate supply of materials in a company at the right time at an appropriate competitive cost. Visy, being in the business of packaging, paper manufacture and recycling requires a constant supply of materials for its production. When the company has adequate supply of materials, it is able to produce goods in the right time at an affordable and competitive price. To understand and know areas of improvement of the company’s supply chain management, this report will take an analysis of current supply chain situation in the company and give recommendations on value-adding services that the company can implement in the context of logistics operations. To get the information required for the report, the researcher will use internal information from the company’s website, take a research on consumer preferences and their attitude and finally take a competitive analysis where products of other similar companies will be considered (Visy official website, 2011). Introduction Having a good supply chain management makes a company have continuous production. It ensures that there are adequate supplies at an appropriate price and time. When this is attained, a company gains competitive advantage (Khoo, Bainbridge, spedding and Taplin, 2001). Visy is in the business of collecting waste paper and manufacturing packaging products, the company’s operation are favored by environment conservations in the world; since the company plays a crucial part in maintain a clean environment. On the other hand, the products from the company are recyclable thus; it
Introduction Low nurse retention is a challenge accounting for staff shortages at ABH. The purpose of this capstone project was to implement self-scheduling to reduce turnover. Its scope is limited to ABH’s orthopedic unit and the nursing staff. The turnover rate is high, at 20%, hence, an urgent issue (Wright et al., 2017). Complaints about heavy workloads, burnout, and growing job stress due to working longer shifts to cover surging COVID-19 patients are rising. Notably, shift scheduling is centralized, which excludes staff input and affects autonomy. It causes poor work-life balance, leading to a high turnover rate. Description of Filled Gap The gap addressed by this capstone project was ABH’s inflexible scheduling that impacts job satisfaction, leading to a high turnover intent. The self-scheduling protocol supports greater shift flexibility that is associated with improved morale and autonomy (Wright et al., 2017). Thus, it will address the root cause of low nurse retention – perceived loss of control over work hours. Additionally, self-schedules empower the nursing staff to achieve appropriate work-life balance. Nurses
Should knowledge sharing be accessible for employees at all levels of the organization, or restricted to only senior staff? What recommendations does Ashton make to improve learning in high-performance work organizations? Knowledge is one of the vital elements that help an organization maintain a leading edge in the business that it is involved in. However, the kind of knowledge that a company has in its respective business is fundamentally stratified, and, therefore, for the company to use this information profitably, it needs to develop proper sharing frameworks. Most companies are usually divided into sections with each department having its leadership. As such, the structure of information sharing should be drafted in such a way that it flows well with the structure of the organization. For example, a company such as Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) has its head office, which hosts the managing director. Under the managing director, there are procurement, human resource, and finance departments. Each of the named departments has its own leader/manager who is tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that everything that falls in his docket is well taken care of. Below department managers, there are assistants, secretaries, and messengers. The same structure is replicated in each of the company’s outlets across the world. For such a huge organization to run efficiently there needs to be a smooth flow of information from the senior officers to the waitresses. However, this information needs to be distributed in such a manner that each individual in the hierarch only receives the communication that pertains to his/her role in the company. This hierarchical framework demands for the codification of knowledge such that individuals on the same level of command receive a certain message from their heads, analyze it, and filter it before trickling it down to their juniors. For instance, in our KFC example, the manag
Introduction In the modern world, freedom of worship is a word easily said, heard, and honored. This is evident in many countries where freedom of worship is passed as laws in the bill of rights, safeguarding the rights of every individual even if the individual worships idols. This has led to an upsurge in advent of more and more cults being formed world over; however, the term cult is basically a religion or a religious group considered to be false, with its members living in an unconventional manner, under the guidance of an authoritarian charismatic leader (Behar). In patronage of the leader, the cult is literally involved in the business of making money through criminal and illegal activities. On the other hand, the cult is usually seen to endeavor in its power and spiritual abuse. Behar, the author of the thriving cult of greed and power explains in details how scientology is seemingly a religion but which he describes as a ‘ruthless global scam that leaves the lives of victims ruined” (Behar). He narrates how Noah Lottick, a young Russian scholar had jumped from the tenth floor of a building to his death because of cult related influence. The story tells that police officers found Noah holding one hundred and seventy one US dollars, the only money he had not turned over to the church of scientology; the self help group he had joined a few months ago (Behar). This inspired the father to start an investigation into the scientology church that had caused his son’s death. The findings of this investigation indicated that scientology was actually a cult that had brainwashed not only his son but other people as well; in conclusion Lottick stated that “I now believe it’s a school for psychopaths and they take the best and the brightest people to destroy them” (Behar). The author goes on and explains how the church went on shielding itself behind the First amendment and by hiring the most competent lawyers and detectives to defend themselves in the ensuing cases in which it was eventually sued. In addition, the writer takes an informative stance by identifying L.Ron Hubbard as the founder of the church of scientology, who was a science-fiction writer. He however indicates that L.Ron’s original aim was to clear people of unhappiness; Behar explains that the church of scientology is a huge profitable racket that survives by intimidating members and its critics through mafia- like manners (Behar). The writer explains that in their ruling the judge’s labeled the church as “schizophrenic and paranoid, corrupt, sinister and dangerous” (Behar). According to this article, the group’s followers have been accused of even committing financial sc
Qualitative research is a necessary element of the successful nursing practice, as it contributes to the development of new theories and provides evidence to the existing practices. A primary goal of this essay is to choose one of the Kearney’s modes of clinical application for qualitative research, then apply a sufficient and the most suitable research method for the selected mode. Furthermore, it is necessary to justify the choice and describe the primary reasons for the occurrence of this decision. In the end, the conclusions are drawn. Firstly, the mode of clinical application has to be chosen. It is apparent that several methods exist. Nonetheless, I have accepted the coaching, which implies giving a sufficient advice to a patient through the recovery by having profound conversations with an individual (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). Utilizing the critical thinking decision path will help determine the efficient method for this mode. In this case, it could be said that phenomenology is the most applicable approach, as it is apparent, that coaching and regular communication regarding the state of a patient involve a vehement interaction between a patient and a nurse. Consequently, in this case, the grounded theory cannot be applied, as it implies the description of the social phenomenon. Nonetheless, the phenomenology is the most suitable method, as it involves the understanding of the human behavior and the actions of a patient while having coaching practices and profound conversations with a patient (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). In this instance, the patient feels the support and the guidance towards his condition improvement, as a nurse monitors his/her actions and topics of conversations to generate the most suitable path for the rapid in successful recovery. There are several reasons for choosing this method, as it is evident that this approach covers multiple vital aspects, which are required for conducting a successful research. Firstly, the phenomenological studies allow nurses to express their own perspectives of the outcomes since it is obvious that the findings can be interpreted dissimilar ways by different individuals (Salmon, 2012). In this case, the nurse is able to express her personal views about the problem and contribute to the discovery of the condition from a different perspective. Another advantage of this method in the context of coaching is the fact that it is necessary to maintain a sufficient interaction with a patient on a regular basis and during the rehabilitation period. It is apparent that the healthcare system is seeking the reform towards nurse-patient partnership where the patient is able to have more actions (Doss, DePascal, & Hadley, 2011). Subsequently, the phenomenology is the most applicable approach, as it encourages a patient to recover rapidly and feel the psychological support from the nurse. Furthermore, in this case, a patient does not feel that he/she is participating in the qualitative research, as it does not involve any special procedures apart from having conversations. In conclusion
Introduction Operating a credit card generally requires paying particular fees for using the comfort and provided services, which a bank can offer. Nevertheless, there are some ways to avoid paying monthly fees for using credit card, as well as paying for such services as maintaining expensive processing software, paying for the web security services, customer service fees, and others. The best solution is to resort to third party credit card processing services. On the one hand these services liberate merchants from paying numerous regular fees, on the other hand, merchants will have to pay fees on selling the product. Interchange Fees The free merchant accounts, which are generally used for avoiding paying regular fees presuppose paying fees on transaction. As a rule, the third party credit card processors also take fees as a reserve, in order to get insured against charge backs, nevertheless, if there are no charge backs for the particular time period, these fees are refunded to merchants. The average fees generally depend on the processor, and the company, which is engaged in processing the third party credit card transactions, as well as on the total sales of the merchant. Thus, the fees are 5 – 11 %, taken from each transaction (Mandell, 2005) As for the regular fees, these are the charge back fees, and reserve fees, which may be the percentage of the total sales, or a fixed sum. Loss Compensation In order to compensate losses, merchants generally have at least two alternatives: the first is to refuse from using the third party credit card processor, or minimize the total sales. Originally, the lower the sales, the lower the losses, as if the total sales exceed some stated edge, the fees are increased. Consequently, there is an evident solution, to cooperate with several processors, or arrange several accounts within a single processor, and equally reallocate the financial sources within these accounts. Surely, this statement is absurd, nevertheless, resorting to these services is a convenience, which should be paid for. (Eccles and Crane, 2007) Advantages for Increased Sales If the sales increase, it means that the company develops steadily, and customers trust it; consequently, there is a solid basement for the further increase of the sales. Thus, the third party credit card processors take lower charge back fees. Some of the processors offer additional services, when the total sales reach some particular heights. (Liaw,2008) Charging Business and Processing Fees Originally, operating banking accounts, providing all the necessary measures for safety and security of the account holders’ finances requires essential investment. The fact is that, the more reliable the bank, the higher these fees are, consequently, the higher fees should be paid by account holders. In order to minimize these fees, the banks take percentage from both: merchants and consumers, in order to make both pay less, and encourage them to resort to the services of the bank in future. Moreover, these fees are the guarantee, that the finances are reliably protected and, the bank may be trusted. (Liaw,2008) Conclusion Finally, there is strong necess
One of the most striking features of the economic history of Mexico is the persistent instability in prices that has been witnessed for a considerably long period of time due to ineffective monetary policies. Reliable statistics from the World Bank indicate that variability in pricing index coupled with high inflation rates in Mexico has been a recurring phenomenon (par.2). Consequently, the living standard in this nation as reflected by worsening income distribution, sharp wage declines, instabilities in business performance indices as well as low economic growth among other indicators have negatively contributed towards the unfavorable economic well being of Mexico. Since the 1990s, monetary policies in Mexico have been formulated and implemented with the aim of monitoring and regulating exchange rate systems. Nonetheless, most of these policies have not yielded positive economic outcomes as expected. Loría and Jorge posit that economic failures been demonstrated in major outbreaks of inflation and in the devaluation of the Mexican peso when exchanged against the US dollar (840). However, as this paper analyzes, monetary policies, exchange rate regimes that are flexible and inflation targeting approaches have been set in place by the Banco de Mexico to stabilize the economy since the crisis of 1995. It is against this backdrop that this paper offers a critical look at monetary policies and exchange rates in Mexico in relation to the United States dollar. Mexico and its economic background from early 1990’s Reports by the World Bank obtained from the 2010 Census indicate that the present day Mexico has a population of 113,432,047 people and a GDP of $ 1,034,804,491,256 (The World Bank par.1) . The country has been documented as one of the largest and fast growing economies in the world. However, since the early 1990’s, Mexico has grappled with economic instabilities due to poor monetary policy regimes. Risso and Edgar are categorical that until 1990, the economic policies in Mexico were regarded as strong protectionist policies that had trade barriers for automotive and computer industries among other key industries (246). For instance, in 1995, a major financial crisis springing from complex political, economic and financial factors struck the Mexican economy and caused a major economic instability. The episodes of instability among other factors paved way for the formation of proposals favoring exchange rate regimes to stabilize the economy. Some of the proposals that gained ground included setting up a strategy to improve the monetary policy using exchange regime rates which are flexible and adopting dollarization or making the dollar a legal tender. Another option that was set at that time was to increase its integration with Canada and the United States of America. Figure 1: A figure showing the GDP to dept ratio in Mexico Source: https://noelmaurer.typepad.com/aab/economics/ Loría and Jorge argue that th