ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Technology is a vital instrument to law enactment and criminal fair dealing bodies. The quicker and extra efficiently it functions, the secure our streets and societies are. The more cost-efficiently it can function, the more detectives, canvassers, and agents can be used to combat crime, as opposed to paperwork. Over the past two decades, computer, telecom, and corresponding expertise have built up at an over-the-top pace. Enhanced computer power, developments in information pass on, and striking and easy-to-use graphic interfaces provide law enactment bodies with an unmatched capability to gather, amass, scrutinize and share information with stakeholders within and outside the administration (Champion, 2007, p. 9). At the end of the day, information technology offers a means to assist law enactment to attain its wide and all the time more multifaceted undertaking. This is spot on for times gone by and the upcoming times. Crime mapping In the foregone decade, computer transgression mapping has come out as a vital tool for law enactment bodies. Developments in computer expertise and Geographic Information Systems popularly referred to as GIS, have happened together with hypothetical and pragmatic advances in transgression examination, inquiry, and deterrence. Geographic Information Systems and mapping software and desktop supercomputers at the present offer mapping and information scrutiny abilities further than what was achievable with backroom mainframe supercomputers as of late as the beginning of the 90s decade (Skogan & Harnett, 1997, p. 13). This expertise is easy on the pocket and within the means of even undersized and low-budget police units. The advances required by community law enforcing tactics all the time more taken on by the United States law enforcement divisions call for those divisions to slot in a geographical, spatial, or local spotlight, and call attention to the significance of amalgamating crime mapping procedures into divisional administration, investigation, and enactment practices. Information technology integration Information technology incorporation has picked up just about as much consideration as crime mapping. Developments in information expertise hold out the guarantee that all data, bearing in mind need-to-know and confidentiality interests. These are stocked up and portioned out by electronic means amongst all aspects of the criminal fair dealing set up, as well as law enactment, prosecuting attorneys, civic withstands, the private withstand bar, national trial and appellant tribunals, national courts, chastisements, test period and word of honor (Robinson, 2002, p. 21). This assurance is by now being recognized. An entirely amalgamated data system, on the other hand, calls for watchful preparation and synchronization among bodies to make certain that hi-tech discrepancies do no
The concept of micromarketing involves marketing processes targeted at microsegments. This policy affords greater autonomy for brand and product managers and an advisory position for micromarketing staff. In general, line companies lend themselves to decentralization. Micromarketing helps to meet the diverse or limited marketing needs and wants of a particular target audience. As greater authority passes down the line closer to micromarketing, decentralization brings a need for marketing specialists at the branch level, thus creating problems of coordination. In organizing these functions, micromarketing is confronted with the problem of timing. Such positions as a brand or product-line manager, marketing-services manager, manager of sales, or commodities manager, represent “slotting-in” of people to coordinate activities. The example of Nike ID shows that micromarketing is based on customized products that meet the unique and diverse needs of every customer. The site allows to create unique sport shoes for every occasion and select the materials and color of the product. In addition, several micro-marketing activities have been “broken out.” They include sales forecasting, product planning, control, physical distribution, credit, manpower development, sales planning and analysis, and micromarketing research. Breaking out occurs when product features are separated from each other so that they are performed in a more effective and logical manner (Nike ID Home Page 2009). Important organizational factors arise in the process: when to break out functions, how fast they should be developed, and how they should be organized in micromarketing. The example of Nike ID places emphasis on adjustment to a dynamic external environment and the subordination of the needs and demands of customers. Externally oriented, it leads to greater service and product quality, reliance on men rather than charts and systems, and overlapping of job responsibilities and power (Boone and Kurtz 2007). The Nike site proposes a wide range of products for different groups of consumers. Nike ID can be seen as a microbrand aimed to meet the needs of women, men, and special groups of sports professionals. Although the structure, or formal part, of a site, can be easily portrayed, the organization, the part that greatly affects behavior and performance, cannot. The site is a social system whose efficiency is influenced greatly by interpersonal communication. Thus, to under
Introduction The term ‘intellectual property’ is usually used to refer to the wide range of legal rights that have been put in place regarding new ideas and relate to patents, copyright and the related rights, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, layout designs of integrated circuits and the protection of the undisclosed information (Matthews, p. 8). According to Johnston and Wasunna (p. 3), intellectual property may be defined as “the creation of the mind – inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.” Further, they say that the intellectual property, to great extent, shares many of the legal characteristics that are normally associated with real and personal property and hence, intellectual property “can be bought, sold, licensed, exchanged or even given away” (Johnston and Wasunna, p. 3). Generally, the world at large has been experiencing tremendous growth in trade which in turn has stimulated the development of sophisticated technology; the development of technology, to great extent, has resulted in awareness of the need to protect the intellectual property. Pertinent Aspects of intellectual property In the contemporary world, intellectual property has come to comprise a valuable economic asset that accounts for an ever greater ‘value added’ in high technology areas such as the pharmaceutical and the information technology industries, as well as in the audiovisual entertainment areas such as the music and cinema industries (Matthews, p. 8). According to Hettinger (cited in Vaver, p.
Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887-1940) was the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and the first African-American leader in American history to organize masses of people in a political movement (UCLA 1). Marcus Garvey is one of the most contradictory and enigmatic figures in American history (PBS 1). He was contradictory because he had two sides to his personality: while being a visionary he was also manipulative and being a brilliant orator he was also a proud autocrat. He is well remembered for his strong advocacy of the liberation of African Americans. Though he supported self-help and unity among African Americans he was willing to work along with Ku Klux Klan. While inspiring African Americans to invest their money in his financial enterprises it was sad to note that he lost their money through his mismanaged schemes (PBS 1). Marcus Garvey is best remembered for setting up an international organization for the African diaspora and instilling in hundreds of thousands of black men and women a sense of racial pride through elaborate ceremonies, uniforms, parades, and titles (Berry and Blassingame 409). Garvey’s ideas were revolutionary to the new generation of African Americans, West Indians, and Africans during his period. Garvey was born in Jamaica in 1887 and was the grandson of an African slave. He worked for some time in London as a printer during which time he learned about the exploitation and immense potential of Africa. On being inspired by Booker T. Washington’s “Up from Slavery” he wrote to the Tuskegean and was invited to come to the United States. However, Washington died before Garvey arrived in America in 1916. Garvey soon began the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and this proved to be the initial base for bringing together the West Indian immigrants in Harlem (Berry and Blassingame 409). According to him, Africa was the ancestral home and spiritual base for all people of African descent and it was the place to which all Africans must return. His political goal was to take Africa back from European domination and build a free and United Black Africa. Garvey often stated feelings of confraternity with the causes of various other immigrant groups such as the Jews and the Irish with their Zionist and Irish movements respectively ( New York Globe and Advertiser, 3 August 1920) (UCLA 1). He confessed that watching them inspired him to believe that this would be “a favorable time to see the Negro’s interest through” ( NW, 6 March 1920) (UCLA 1). As a result of these inspired thoughts, Garvey advocated the Back-to-Africa Movement and organized a shipping company called the Black Star Line which was part of his program to conduct international trade between black Africans and the rest of the world in order to “uplift the race” and eventually retur
Introduction Astronomy is field of science which has important discoveries every time. These scientific achievements have been attributed by technological advancement. Several ways are used to detect photons but most users feel constrained by considerations ruggedness and inconvenience (King, 2015). However, astronomic have unique ways in which they approach fundamental performance level. Their main objective is how fast a sensor detects the elements in the environment. These performance attributes depend on a combination of detector characteristics including noise, quantum efficiency, and pixels elements in an array. Detectors for space applications sense, track, distinguish, and decide both cold and hot objects that can either be close or very far, given scenarios such as daylight or shadow. With this ideal set of requirements, an ideal detector has optical signal and good frequency agility. A new era in modern infrared astronomy was established in 1965-1985, the first astronomical device to use an infrared detector occurred in 1985. These devices were small with reading noises of more than 1000 electrons (King, 2015). However, further developments have been made by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) leading to the development of unique sensors and detectors for application in wide astronomical scopes. Types of Detectors Infrared Detectors Sensors or detectors are devices that perceive or measure a physical property and responds to it. Detectors are photoconductive semiconducting materials like silicon with metal electrodes in both sides and they are used to establish the presence of electromagnetic field. Initially, Infrared detectors used silicon charge devices; however, silicon is not ideal because the detectors require low temperature that are needed by infrared sensors. Infrared detectors sensors are categorized into two: photon and thermal detectors. In wireless sensor networks, these sensors may be used for communication, distance, or angle measurement. The accuracy of these sensors makes them ideal for use in distance measuring by the astronomers. Infrared detectors consist of infrared lead emitting diodes and photodiodes. Lead emitting diodes radiates infrared light, and the resistance of photodiode change depending on the amount of infrared radiation that is falling on them. During the direct incidence, the lead emitting diodes is placed in front of photodiodes, so the infrared will be directly sensed by the photodiode. Placing any object between them will prevent access of infrared signal to the receiver. Infrared detectors, therefore, can be classified into a photon, thermal and bolometer sensors. Photon Detectors Photon sensors count the light particles, they have metallic surface that absorbs the light particles
Abstract The purpose of this report is to analyze the foreign market and entry choices in relation marketing of pet care products in India. Various sources of theoretical framework have been used to gather secondary information. In addition, issues such as competition, culture and market have been researched. This business report has analyzed foreign markets referred to as 5Cs by use of theoretical framework. These 5Cs are based on competition, culture, customers, constitution and company. This framework which is very broad has been used to analyze the real Indian market situation and pet care industry, though it can be used to analyze a variety of foreign markets. The findings show the evidence of potential pets care firms to enter the Indian market, based on preferences of the consumers and the general market situation. In addition, it has been found that the future success of pets care firms in India will be determined by their strategic commitment. The categories of pets food in India is increasingly becoming specialized along size, breed, and age of dogs, cats and other pets. Rising disposable income and humanization of pets are believed to be the key causes of rise in demand for these products. Royal Canin premium brand is one of the dog foods, which is highly specialized and cater for varied life stages, sizes and breeds. In many urban centers, exclusively-packaged dog food is commonly fed on puppies less than six months. Flavors and life stages are the main categories of product specialization, though it is less profound in cats’ foods. This is attributable to the fact that cat owners are less interested in learning about a variety of breeds compared to dog owners. The study recommends India as a potential international market for pets’ care products since the analysis of the facts shows that this environment has less risk factor and many opportunities as a result of increased benefits of pets’ foods, higher awareness of the dietary needs of pets and rising disposable income. Introduction In future, pets care in India is expected to continue registering more popularity and growth. Several factors such as benefits of pets’ foods, higher awareness of the dietary needs of pets and rising disposable income are attributable to such growth and popularity. More consumers in India are increasingly finding the need to have pets for companionship and are spending more on their welfare. The realization of the benefits of prepared foods is drawing a sharp shift from non-prepared foods. As the owners of the pets become more interested in improving their pets’ health and giving them comfort, strong popularity and growth within the pets’ products such as dietary and supplements and grooming products is expected take place (Ramesh, 2008). Provision of pets’ care products in India is dominated by multinational companies. In year 2010, Mars International India Pvt Ltd was the leading player, followed by Royal Canin India Pvt Ltd and Provimi Animal Nutrition India Pvt. Strengthening of multinationals and Consolidation of pets’ care products resulted from a number of acquisitions that took place in 2009. Specifically, multinati
Introduction Professional practices require guidelines that ensure people work in a healthy environment and interact without conflicts. Work policies are not adequate to guarantee employees’ safety and assure them of proportional compensation when they are injured or their property destroyed. There is the need to ensure employees work in unity and assist each other to ensure the goals of their organisations are achieved. Organisations cannot achieve their objectives if there are unresolved conflicts between workers and management (Henshaw 2012). Therefore, there is the need for the establishment of dispute resolution mechanisms to ensure all conflicts are solved as soon as they occur. In addition, this ensures disputes are solved in appropriate ways without violating the rights of workers or other parties involved. This paper analyses how the dispute resolution mechanism of NZS3910: 2013 Conditions of Service. Preservation of Relationships The article explains various ways of ensuring there is a healthy relationship between contractors and engineers. These two parties play important roles in ensuring projects are completed within the specified time and that they are of the desired quality. The article highlights the need for effective communication between the contractors and engineers to ensure the following issues are addressed. First, there is the need to ensure contractors are in total control of their projects and thus that can predict the outcome of construction processes (Salacuse 2014). Therefore, the article gives the contractor the power to communicate in writing to the engineers and inform him of any proposed changes that will ensure adverse impacts of various situations are minimised or eliminated. This means that they are in charge of monitoring the progress of their projects and inform engineers about any unexpected situations that may affect the quality of their work. The effect may lead to poor quality work or delayed completion of projects. In addition, it advocates for meetings between contractors and engineers to ensure they have adequate time to discuss issues that may affect the quality of projects. These meetings may be planned by either of them to ensure they present their views on ways of reducing costs of managing the effects of the external environment that may affect the quality or duration of a project (Henshaw 2012). These meetings should be held immediately the concerned parties notice that there are issues that must be addressed. It is
Achieving an Ethical Business Corporation Knowing and Doing What Is Right The statement made by the Newsweek article has great relevance to the contemporary business setting. The authors of the article draw a line between the recognition of the legal boundaries and the ability to comply with the current legal regulations. For instance, the leaders of a company may be fully aware of the existing regulations concerning the transparency of financial transactions and the necessity to maintain financial honesty in the firm. However, the risks to which an organization is exposed in the realm of the global economy may compel the leaders of an organization to resort to fraudulent actions as the means of staying afloat and remaining competitive. Therefore, following ethical standards in the global economy setting is quite challenging even if the company leaders are aware of what consequences they will face when doing otherwise (Halbert & Inggulli, 2014). Reasons for CEO’s Salary Increase Even though there has always been a significant difference between the salary of a CEO and the one of an average employee or a manager, a steep rise in CEOs’ revenues was witnessed in the 1990s. Nowadays, the salary of a CEO is typically 300 times larger than the one of an average employee. The reasons for the identified phenomenon are linked to economic, financial, and societal factors. First, CEOs are not restrained by any factor that would prevent them from increasing their salaries. The sense of illusory superiority, or the “Lake Wobegon effect” (Francis, Hasan, John, & Wiseman, 2013), is the second reason for CEOs to demand higher wages. Assuming that they have been performing at an excellent level, CEOs appeal for higher pay to the committee, the members of which must either confirm the claim or state that the CEO has been underperforming and, thus, dismiss them. As a result, CEOs’ wages have been rising consistently over the past few years. Cases Analysis and Discussion Subject Matter Jurisdiction The concept of the subject matter jurisdiction is typically defined as the requirement for courts with specific jurisdiction to hear only the cases related to a specific issue. For example, a court for addressing marital issues cannot consider the cases associated with wrongful employment termination. Applied to the case in point, the identified regulation requires admitting that the court has the subject matter jurisdiction to consider th
Introduction This study paper seeks to explore the subject of political deviance with a particular interest in the workplace. Deviance is a sociological subject, which affects human beings in different areas, and in this paper, we focus on individuals at workplaces. In general, definition, deviance refers to the unacceptable behavior towards fellow individuals, which disregards the prevailing cultural norms. The paper will provide different meanings and forms of political deviance. In the next section, the paper will provide a brief engrossing and realistic example of political deviance in the contemporary context. In the last part of the study paper, we will establish different solutions to prevent political deviance in workplaces. Meaning and Forms of Political Deviance Political deviance is the behavior such as engagement in social interactions that putts other persons at a personal or political disadvantage. In most cases, political deviance will comprise of unacceptable human contacts that take place at workplaces and hurt the other individuals. These negative impacts of political deviance can be in the form of work performance, self- esteem of the other colleague, demotions, transfers, or even loss of work. Political deviance can move from manager to junior staff, workmates at the same level, or even from junior staff to those holding high ranks at workplaces. There are diverse forms of political deviance witnessed at workplaces. In this part of the paper, we explore four forms of political deviance at workplaces. The main outstanding notable political deviance is work incivility. This form of political deviance refers to the rude manners and disrespect nature employees depict while at work. These traits can be intentional or unintentional, but they hurt other people at work. Examples of work incivility include interrupting people as they speak, receiving humiliating notes from other people, and not being thankful after getting help from colleagues. Several statistics in this area indicate that many co-workers have been victims of work incivility. Showing favoritism is another significant example of political deviance. Different people can show favoritism to different colleagues because of various reasons. For instance, a male boss can favor female colleagues with expectations of attention or sexual interests. Favoritism can also be in the form of promotions, assigning duties, giving of rewards, and allowances. Gossiping about co-workers is political deviance that hurts people at workplaces. Gossip refers to the unnecessary talk about other people and this can be about their personal or work life. Also, we have competing non-beneficially amongst colleagues is a form of political deviance. This non-beneficial competition can affect employees negatively. The above forms of political deviance can lead to dire consequences amongst employees and at workplaces. Examples of outcomes of political deviance include absenteeism, aggressive