ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many challenges to the whole world. However, it is impossible to deny that people’s health and the medical industry have suffered the most. That is why various politicians, experts, and other officials address this issue and emphasize the virus’s harm. The work by Kendi (2020) also comments on how the pandemic has adversely influenced the American population’s health. Thus, the given paper will summarize this article and explain the connection between this writing piece and conflict theory. In the beginning, it is reasonable to explain the content of the article. Kendi (2020) starts by expressing his worries regarding the fact that his partner, Sadiqa, works in the emergency department. However, one cannot say that it only is a personal story because the author then focuses on how the virus affects the whole nation. In addressing this issue, Kendi (2020) relies on statistical data and identifies that COVID-19 influences the population unevenly. It refers to the fact that black Americans, Latinos, and Asians are more subject to the disease compared to the white population. For example, the author admits that black Americans only comprise a small population part in Michigan and Washtenaw County, but it does not prevent them from representing more than 40% of coronavirus cases (Kendi, 2020, para. 9). It indicates that some racial disparities have been revealed against the background of coronavirus. The racial groups above are not the only individuals who experience negative consequences. The homeless and
Introduction It is well-known that poetry groups and movements tend to find inspiration in the masterpieces of past periods. It is often possible to observe by deepening into pieces of literature how the previous centuries’ values are emerged, transformed, revised, rejected, or developed by new writers. This essay will examine the place Romantic values have in Victorian poetry by revealing works of the Romantic period’s particularities and indicating how they were re-established by the following era’s poets. Discussion of Relation of Romantic Values to Victorian Poetry Romantic Values Romanticism is known for being enriched with emotions and individualism, which is considered a reaction to the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment. In his poem, London, one of the prominent English poets, William Blake, reflected on the social, political, and religious circumstances of the 18th century describing his impression from walking through London’s streets (Black). He criticizes the church and the monarchy that made the city a dark place (Black). Black included some of the Romantic values in his poem: belief in individual and equal rights, liberation from absolutist powers, and the redefinition of childhood innocence. It is not directly indicated, but it can be assumed that the author also presents trust in emotion and passion with rising respect for women. The other English Romantic poet, William Wordsworth, added to the mentioned above values by his poem We Are Seven . The work is a conversation with a young girl, two of whose siblings have passed away (Wordsworth). It is evident that Wordsworth emphasizes trust in passion over balance and reason while clearly promoting believing in the child as pure and open. The mentioned Romantics poets provided solid values in their works, which the next era’s writers inherited. How Victorian Poetry Revise and Develop Romantic Values The Victorian era significantly emphasizes the conflict between religion and science and pessimism while incorporating Romanticism’s values. Matthew Arnold, the English poet and cultural critic in his work Dover Beach , shows the loss of religious faith while grounding it on the different kinds of historical changes (Matthew). Compared to previous period’s poems, this one shows separation from religion, but not from the monarchy power, while improving such values as trust in emotions. The above-mentioned belief in equal rights is mostly achieved by the right to vote, which make the Victorian era revise such conflict. The other Romanticism values are improved in the other poem entitled After Death by Christina Rossetti. It is possible to observe strong, although, tragic emotions filled with love for the speaker’s beloved one (Rossetti). It is unarguable that trust in emotion and passion was raised to a new level because of grounding it in the emergence of feminism. Women became respected members of society, and this improvement was reflected in the poem. Conclusion It is possible to observe that such an eternal value as trust in passion was incorporated entirely and improved since the
Similarities and Differences between Leaders and Managers Though there are many differences between leaders and managers, people, who perform these functions, still face the same complex and challenging business environment and have to identify their best skills to succeed in the chosen field of work (Spellman 5). On the one hand, it is wrong to consider leaders and managers in the same things. On the other hand, it is wrong to forget the fact that these two professions are linked and complete each other. Leaders try to build, inspire, and motivate a team (Watkins 67), and managers have to plan, coordinate, and organize the work of people under different conditions. The sphere of management is characterized by such aspects of work as goals, tasks, and qualities that should be used to succeed. The field of leadership takes responsibility for such issues as inspiration, financial support, and vision of what should be changed or improved. Many leaders forget that their main function is to lead people by motivating and inspiring them but not just to motivate. Some managers confuse the idea of managing with the importance of leading. It is important to understand that the duties of leaders and managers are the opposite. Managers have to take responsibility for a working machine to run smoothly, and leaders may promote some changes or new conditions that can be used when the time to junk a machine comes (Ryan par. 9). As soon as people comprehend the existing differences between management and leadership, it is important to realize that there are certain similarities that cannot be neglected. For example, leaders and managers organize their work in a way they can meet the goals set. So, the first similar focus is the importance of identifying and achieve goals with the help of resources that are available. In addition, in both positions, power plays a certain role. Leaders have powers over all employees and followers, who understand how influential the position of their leader is. Managers use powers their leaders provide them with to organize people and work according to certain policies. Finally, Sadri underlines the importance for managers and leaders to develop emotional intelligence competencies that include the abilities to use, understand, generate, and control emotions that promote personal and organizational growth (535). All these similarities and differences help people choose the styles and approaches that are more appropriate for their work and for the conditions under which the required portion of work should be complete. How to Make the Best Choices: Effective Approach to Management Today, people are free to choose any style of management and leadership they want. Mullins admits that it is possible to divide all managerial leadership towards subordinates into three styles that are authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire (381). Each style has its peculiarities, strengths, and weaknesses. At the same time, this author introduces a number of additional styles of leadership that can be used to guide subordinates. The idea to use transformational leadership seems to be one of the most powe
Web-Based Compensation versus Stand-Alone P-Based Compensation Tool Human Resource Management is one of the most important functions in an organization, mainly because it involves handling issues related to the most important asset – people. The HR department performs various functions, one of them being compensation. Over the years, the compensation role of HR has undergone improvements and upgrades, from the paper-based system to the current digital systems. Moreover, there are two main electronic systems used – web-based system and stand-alone PC-based system – both of which have advantages and disadvantages as discussed in the subsequent section. Web-based compensation tool has various advantages, the first one being the fact that the system does not need installation in the organization; rather, it is hosted by an external service provider. This helps the organization to avoid set-up and staffing related costs. Secondly, since the system is hosted by outsiders, and the firm just needs subscription for system usage, there is no involvement of the firm in upgrading the system or database; these roles are performed by the Application Service Providers. Moreover, the company does not have to worry about storage space, as this is handled by the ASP. Thirdly, the system can be accessed from anywhere and at any time as long as there is internet connection. Fourthly, since the system is based on subscription, the firm can control its operation costs by
Renowned by critics all over the world and known by nearly everyone, Charlie Chaplin’s The Kid is considered the great comedian’s crowning achievement for a reason. Not only did the movie incorporate the elements that were considered innovational at the time, allowing Chaplin finally retreat from the sketch driven comedy, a pattern that was slowly wearing its novelty out, but also to use these new tools in order to make the characters more memorable and contribute to their evolution, as well as find new ways of developing the plot through a careful choice of the visual elements. The immediate compositional qualities of the scene truly shine through. Speaking of the aforementioned compositional qualities of the movie, one should mention that the mise-en-scene, in which the Tramp, the lead character of the movie, strolls down the street, is, perhaps, among the most powerful moments in the movie. Setting the emotional tone suggests a unique way of representing the trap’s character. Since during the first two minutes, the viewers can only see Chaplin walk, all obstacles blocking the audience’s view of the character are removed, and the viewers are able to see the Tramp as he is, shown solely through the power of Chaplin’s unsurpassed acting skills ( The Kid 00:06:00–00:08:11). The visual impact of the scene is astonishing. It is quite peculiar that the director preferred making long shots instead of switching from one scene to another, which was more typical for a traditional Charlie Chaplin comedy. New and, thus, intriguing, this approach tricked the audience into paying attention to the movie, appreciating its stylistic features and giving credit to a very touching, though a bit overused plot. More importantly, long shots display the changes in the Tramp’s emotions, helping understand the character and his motivations better. For example, the fact that the Tramp is in the focus of the camera from the moment when he emerges out of the corner to the point where he approaches a nearly dilapidated building helps represent the character as rather upbeat and confident. However, as soon as the Tramp approaches the building, and is nearly hit by debris falling from the roof of the building, he loses his self-assured look in a moment and jumps away from the danger in a comedic fashion ( The Kid 00:06:17–00:06:22). In addition, one must give the director credit for choosing the setting for the plot to unwrap in. It would have been relatively easy to throw a striking contrast between the dreadful environment of street life and the cozy comfort of the British suburbia. Chaplin, however, is far from jumping into such extremes; quite on the contrary, he creates a very smart and unique environment for his character to evolve in without exaggerating the problems of living in the street and, at the same time not overshadowing the difficulties that such a life includes. The shabby houses and poor streets, which the Tramp walks down, could have been made very unwelcoming by setting the action to take place in the night; however, the Tramp makes his “discovery” in broad daylight (00:07:01). The lig
People have known since time immemorial that it is possible to breed animals and plants to enhance their desirable characteristics and to ‘breed out’ their undesirable traits. And they have argued that, since it is possible to breed horses for speed or stamina, it ought to be possible to breed human beings for specifically human qualities such as intelligence and kindness and sociability. Ethical and moral arguments are based on the fact that in spite of its benefits and advantages, recombinant DNA technology hides many threats for community and future generations. The main ethical issue of recombinant DNA technology concerns the nature of investigations and their impact on future generations. Recombinant DNA is an artificial DNC created by two or more DNA strands that would not usually occur together in natural environment. “Recombinant DNA technology is thus a process whereby genetic material is manipulated in order to develop biological compounds. It is here where industrial capitalization is the greatest and popular imagination fixates” (Pepa 1998, p. 416). For if to settle the moral question about recombinant DNA technology is not thereby to settle the legal question as to whether and how recombinant DNA technology should be controlled and regulated, so also to settle the legal question is not thereby to settle the moral question. In other words, society must resist the idea that if the law is silent about a given area then ‘anything goes’ in that area (Dadachanji 2001). There are many kinds of behavior that people may consider immoral or objectionable or undesirable, but which are not the business of the law. In a liberal democratic and pluralist society the law is not really concerned with the enforcement of morality but rather with providing a framework of peace and order within which people may exercise their personal liberty to the greatest possible extent and make their own personal moral choices and engage in their own ‘experiments in living’. The nature of recombinant DNA suggests that it would be difficult if not impossible to control all experiments and laboratories dealing with this technology. In these circumstances, scientists can create monsters or creatures (animals and even human beings). These results violate human and animal rights, freedoms and social protection from exploitation (Hanson, 1997). The main moral argument against recombinant DNA technology is that these researchers can work with human genes and DNAs. Sixty thousand of those appear within genes, and so are one source of our biological individuality, including the diseases to which we are susceptible, and our idiosyncratic responses to medications. Those same geneti
Introduction The story “Why I live at the P.O” written by Eudora Welty is a story that takes the form of dramatic monologue. The main character by the name “Sister” who is a first-person narrator, gives the story of her side of the family spat which served to her to leave the home of the family in which she had stayed up to the time she became an adult and moves into the local post office (“Why I Live at the P.O.: Introduction.”). This character appeals to the reader of the story to take the side to which she stands as she resentfully recounts the unjust maneuvers of her sister in making the whole family turn against her. However, the self-pity she has as well as the exaggeration causes the position she takes humorously, though not intentionally. Even if this story is comic, the themes that are underlying in this story are far much complex, regarding the tensions between family independence and family attachment, the relative nature of truth, as well as the distinctiveness and narrowness of life in small southern community. Character analysis (Sister) Sister is a cynical, irritated narrator of this story. This character is a complex mixture of greatly utilized scapegoats and self-deluged narrator as well as a narrator who is not reliable. This character stands in her sister’s shadow by the name Stella-Rondo. The return of Stella-Rondo’s return with her daughter boils up to Sister’s return resentment and jealousy. Her family does not show any willingness to believe the words she says against those words of Stella-Rondo. Following this, Sister faces constant accusations of saying things she didn’t say. At the time Uncle Rondo gets annoyed with Sister’s making fun of the kimono he had, this causes him to toss a pack of firecrackers in her bedroom. The position of Sister as a daughter who is much abused seems to be eminent. However, the dramatic commentary that was unrelenting that she had as well as the persistence she had on operating at a steady fever pitch weaken her justified frustration. Even though no person in the family seems to be fully sane, frequently, Sister tends to be as strange as the others and takes part in criticizing as well as alienation to the same level as any other person. The jealousy she has which characterizes her relationship with her sister Stella-Rondo, and mostly over the affections of Mr. Whitaker, exposes her cruel line. Based on the fact that the marriage of Stella-Rondo has hit the rocks, in practical terms gives delight to Sister. She even mocks her sister, Stella-Rondo regarding the abandonment of Mr. Whitaker pointing out that “I knew from the beginning he’d up and leave her” (Welty, 155). She even goes to the extend of mimicking Shirley-T and gives a suggestion that Shirley-T has a developmental disability. Sister is seen to be determined to give prove that her sister has not told the truth about the parentage of her daughter; not allowing the issue goes
Introduction This paper will focus on the influence of racial biases on the functioning of the criminal justice system in the United States. In particular, much attention should be given to the way in which black people were treated by law enforcement agencies. It is critical to focus on the issue of the disproportionately large percentage of African Americans among individuals killed by police. One should discuss the way in which this problem can be explained by the racist rhetoric and attitudes of various officials and policy-makers. There are several examples that can be useful in illustrating this problem. For instance, it is possible to consider Jim Crow laws enacted in Southern states after the Reconstruction. Moreover, one can discuss crime prevention policies implemented by the Clinton administration in the nineties. Overall, the reforms carried out by the government in the nineties bear some similarities to Jim Crow laws; firstly, both of them were partly premised on rhetoric that dehumanized African Americans; furthermore, in each case, the measures taken by the state resulted in the victimization of many black people. The Racist Rhetoric Underlying Criminal Justice Policies The Dehumanization of a Social Group To compare Jim Crow laws and the reforms implemented by the Clinton administration, one should first identify the arguments that were used to justify these policies. In this case, it is vital to discuss the concept of dehumanization and its far-reaching implications. In his book, Eric Enge describes this notion as the strategy aimed at denying the humanity of an individual or a social group (3). For example, one can refer to various statements emphasizing the idea that some people are completely devoid of the qualities essential for a human being. Any racist ideology is premised on the assumption that some people lack intelligence, empathy, or the ability to live in a society. In some cases, social elites can support this rhetoric because it may serve their political and economic purposes. For instance, it can ensure that the dispossessed classes are deprived of any opportunities to raise their status in society. Very often, this policy results in various atrocities committed against certain social groups. Racism during the Jim Crow Era Dehumanization of black people is one of the practices that helped to make Jim Crow laws
The unlocking of the human genome has triggered a rush of in-depth researches pertaining to the human biological system and its accompanying illnesses. Man has finally been given the scientific tools with which to pre-determine his disposition to various illnesses or the extent of his current diseases. Such a screening process has come to be known as genetic testing. As such, the tests, which were once only a figment of man’s hyper active imagination, has become the reality of the 21st century. Nowadays, we can easily find out what illnesses we are either pre disposed to or already dealing with in order to organize our lives accordingly with regards to our acceptance and potential handling of the illness. Genetic testing is something that scientists have meant to use to better the lives of human beings and help us deal with potential worst case scenarios in terms of illnesses. On the other hand, genetic screening is the result of the genetic testing. The screening process is what tells the patient what disease markers he carries within himself and how soon he may need to deal with the harsh realities of their predisposition to certain medical conditions. It is not however, meant to limit the capabilities or abilities of a person in terms of how he should live his life. Genetic testing and screening, although full of promise in terms of finding cures for hereditary or genetic illnesses, has proven to be a highly sensitive topic in terms of ethics and morality. There is a growing concern over how such testing and screening methods could be abused by certain business and insurance owners in terms of protecting their vested interests. For businessmen, it is their interest in keeping their profit margin intact while for the insurance companies, it is the company interest in paying out lesser insurance claims to people who might have a predisposition to certain illnesses. Ethically speaking, such types of testing could be used to discriminate against particular employees because of the type of work they do. For example, a person who works in a key encoder position in a data entry firm may find himself being ordered by the company to submit to a mandatory testing and screening for hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies and then misconstrue the results for those to test positive for the illness has having a hereditary predisposition for carpal tunnel syndrome and refuse to insure the worker or refuse to pay any employee compensation claims for those who claim to have acquired the illness on the job. Thus, such types of tests will leave employees open to work discrimination practices and inability to acquire insurance coverage. Morally speaking, such tests will create a great divide among people who will then be judged by his physical capabil