ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
It is important to understand that the key difference between a service and a product lies in the tangibility of the latter. The product can be viewed, touched, held in hands, and transferred. Service is a process, and therefore, for its successful provision, it is necessary to create the mood of the client, provide comfortable conditions, and high quality of work. Only in this case, the consumer will wish to use the service again and recommend it to his friends, which will directly affect the supplier’s profit. The major difference between a product and a service is the pricing process. The final price of a product is made up of raw materials, the manufacturer’s margin, seller’s percentage, packaging costs, promotions, shipping costs, taxes, and other specific items. The seller has clear reasons for setting the price, as opposed to the service provider. The formation of the cost of a service is more subjective and consists of such factors as the price of the resources or material expended. This also includes the qualifications and experience of the performer, the number of activities carried out within the service. Another important difference between a product is standardization because any product is manufactured in compliance with certain technologies, often in accordance with established standards and norms. A unique good can be patented and the production rights sold. It is impossible to provide the same service twice because one and the same performer under identical conditions might not be able to repeat his or her own work thoroughly. That is, in this case, there is a factor of increased variability. It is also important that during the production of goods, the consumer rarely has the opportunity to observe the process, while the presence during the provision of services is often required. Thus, the same product may be offered by different sellers in different places, but the service is produced and sold simultaneously. Due to the intrinsic differences between goods and services, marketing approaches can also vary on the basis of the described concepts. One of the key elements of the service sector is its more available customization because most products are primarily adherent to the standard. Thus, marketing techniques should mainly accentuate the uniqueness of the experience delivered by services, which is much more difficult to integrate into products. Another divergence can be observed in the link of the provider with its product or service. In the majority of cases, services are inseparable from the providers, which means that marketing usually revolves around both of them. In addition, the service itself cannot be shown directly due to its intangibility, and therefore, the company becomes the face of the service. However, products are mostly separate units, which are distanced from the manufacturers. The only connection can be seen in the brand logo and design, but the link is not as close as in the case of the services. In other words, the marketi
COVID-19 is a newly emerged public health issue that has a significant number of obstacles that must be resolved prior to its eradication. Modern scientists already have a comprehensive knowledge base, as similar events are already well-documented. The work of the World Health Organization (WHO) on the eradication of smallpox provides an exemplary case of how a virus can be efficiently dealt with across the span of a decade (Seymour, 2016). This essay will discuss the efforts necessary for COVID-19 eradication and what lessons can be learned from a similar situation with smallpox in the 1970s. COVID-19 is a highly infectious and easily transmittable disease with tens of millions of cases across the globe in a year. Epidemiologists employ public health surveillance, investigate the situation to predict its epidemic curve, and use public health campaigns to promote methods of disease transmission reduction (Baral et al., 2021). Management of all aspects of eradication efforts means as much as the distribution of the vaccines when dealing with such an outbreak (Horton, 2020). The current state of COVID-19 individual and public awareness campaigns reveals new issues to successful eradication via traditional epidemiology principles. The campaign against smallpox can serve as a fitting example of a viable plan for action against the virus. The efforts against this disease during the middle of the twentieth century showed how coordination between medical personnel across the globe alongside medical breakthroughs is an essential component in such a program (Seymour, 2016). The WHO personnel during the smallpox eradication campaign was highly motivated by the organization’s leaders and trained to target, seclude, and vaccinate people who were in contact with the infected quickly (Seymour, 2016). These principles are employed nowadays, although some errors in communication remain. It is crucial to distinguish between population and individual approaches in public health initiatives. The campaign for eradication of this disease requires continuous investment, as research and development are only a part of this process, while the delivery of the vaccine has a multitude of barriers (Horton, 2020). There are numerous vaccine promotions on the population level that facilitate the sprea
Modelling an environment in which the relationship between nurse and patient is expressed as trusting and supportive is an integral part of a nurse practitioner’s professional activities. The use of theoretical leadership concepts and care management models that constitute the importance of pre-designing the type of relationship plays an important role in such planning. Determining factors for the practical realisation of theoretical models regulating the choice of a particular model or the use of a particular concept are the patient’s current state, anamnesis, personal attitudes and behaviour patterns, and communication with family members ( The GMC’s expectations , 2020). Thus, by collecting all the data and carrying out analytical work, a qualified nurse will build a type of relationship in which leadership and delegation of responsibilities are balanced to speed up a patient’s recovery. In order to unite the knowledge gained from the academic course, as well as to systematise and structure their skills, students were asked to investigate a patient’s case study in detail. It should be noted that such a task makes it possible to transfer theoretical models to clinical practice to determine the completeness of the author’s knowledge and skills and gain the necessary medical experience for future work with patients. Thus, summarising wha
Galatea 2.2 is a pseudo-autobiographical novel by Richard Powers which is partially based upon the events of the author’s life. Through the voice of the main protagonist named Richard Powers, the author raises important problems of body-mind duality, the possibility of investigating consciousness and the links between art and politics. Even though Galatea 2.2 is defined as a pseudo-autobiographical novel by Richard Powers, the personality of the author has a significant impact upon the readers’ perception of the plot lines. The novelist intentionally names his main character Richard Powers to produce certain impression upon the readers. The main protagonist shares a number of characteristics and even experiences with the author, for instance, he is a novelist and even his books mentioned in the novel are the same as those written by a real author. Certainly, the protagonist cannot be identified with the living author because a number of events depicted in the novel never occurred and a number of traits found in the fictional character are not characteristic of Richard Powers in real life. However, to draw the line between autobiographical materials and fiction is rather difficult though most readers would at least attempt to. Therefore, the assumption made by Barthes concerning the death of the author after the work of fiction is completed can be only partially applied to the novel Galatea 2.2 . Even though the readers would respond to this novel in their unique unpredictable manner, the illusion that the novel is based upon autobiographical materials may have a significant impact upon the readers’ perception of the text. One of the main plot lines that clearly demonstrate that the autobiographic basis of the novel is only an illusion is the interplay between cybernetics and literary theory. Analyzing the experiment involving the creation of artificial intelligence in the form of a machine which might be able to analyze a literary text and the main protagonist educating this machine, it can be stated that the events take place in unreal setting. Ironically, the machine has a human name Helen and has even more human features than some of the characters do. After Richard Powers as the main protagonist tells the machine the stories from his life and discusses the current events in the world, Helen admits that she cannot bear the realities of the world, closes the programs down and exits. After receiving random news reports and police bulletins, Helen rejects to become a part
The Higher Circles entail the evaluation of those people in top positions in business and politics in America. The Higher Circle is concerned with the top echelons in finance and politics. Researchers argue that the top echelons in America make decisions that influence the majority of the people, while the middle class makes decisions that affect only a few. The power of the lower class is diminished, and their decisions affect a few if not none. The people occupying seats in The Higher Circles have a connection with the Fortune 500 companies. This is because they command a lot of power in these companies. The decisions they make affect the way these companies operate. They influence how finances are used by these companies. Most of these companies are directly related to the operation of the government. Their operations affect the financial status of the country. In this sense, therefore, they have interests in banks and top businesses in the country. Most top businesses and companies in America have top echelons managing and making major decisions. By the fact that they make major business decisions, they control the profitability of the Fortune 500 companies. They, therefore, affect the way these companies operate. The steps taken by chief officers of major banks and companies have an impact on the inflation and the rate of employment in the country. The people in The Higher Circles also have a connection with the political directorate. Most decisions are made by political and financial elites. The power elite is at the top in management and has a great influence on the decisions that affect the majority. The power elite has a relation with powerful people, either through inheritance or hard work. There is also the collaboration between the three sectors that power surrounds, that is, the military, political, and corporate circles. This collaboration helps in maintaining power. In addition
Abstract The research paper focuses on the study of the balanced scorecard as a tool to generate the optimum standard cost benchmarks. Further, the research centered on the effect of Ron’s faking of his performance during the research on the balanced scorecard results and the establishment of standard costs. Furthermore, the research focused on the effect of Ron’s lackluster performance on the Company, Camden. Lastly, the research spotlighted implementing a better-balanced scorecard and standard cost level research process. Discussion Niven emphasized that the balanced scorecard process measures work performance as a basis for establishing realistic standard cost benchmarks. The process focuses on the effect of Ron’s lackluster performance on the establishment of standard cost levels (Niven, 2006). A correctly executed balanced scorecard research ensures the establishment of the optimum standard cost levels. Further, Smith reiterated that Ron greatly benefitted from his lackluster work performance. Consequently, Ron can easily reach his performance goals using lesser effort when compared to complying with a higher performance benchmark. Ron must work harder to reach a higher standard cost benchmark if he displayed his normal performance during the balanced scorecard research. After reaching the unchallenging performance benchmarks, Ron can reduce his work output. Ron’s advantage is due to the erroneous setting of a lower than normal standard in areas of financial performance, internal processes, customers, learning, and growth factors (Smith, 2007). Consequently, Smith theorizes that Ron’s employer, Camden Manufacturing Company was harmed by Ron’s intentional work slowdown. In terms of the balanced scorecard strategy, the company’s financial performance, internal processes, customers, learning, and growth factors were understated. The Camden Manufacturing company had to erroneously set the objectives, measures, targets, and initiatives of each factor because of Ron’s fake performance. Under this situation, the company loses net profits and revenues equal to the difference between Ron’s fake actual performance level and the true performance level (Smith, 2007). Furthermore, Fraedrich emphasized that Ron was unethical in the way he performed during the study. Ethics states that a person should not violate moral standards. Moral standards include avoiding acts that may hurt or infringe on the rights of other persons. By faking his real performance, Ron violated ethical standards because the balanced scorecard-based standard results are erroneous. Consequently, the company will be hurt in terms of lower revenues and lower net profits from Ron’s unethical performance during the balanced scorecard performance research (Fraedrich, 2009). Furthermore, Smith proposed that the company should implement steps to successfully gather valid and relevant data to ensure the implementation of the correct performance-based balanced scorecard. One important measure is for the researcher to avoid informing the research subjects they are being observed. This will prevent employees from doing faking their performan
The crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407 prompted governmental officials to set higher safety standards that should be met by American airlines. Admittedly, this incident can be partly explained by the errors made by the pilots. In particular, they did not adequately respond to the activation of the stick shaker (The National Transportation Safety Board 4). This mistake resulted in the aerodynamic stall, and for some time, they could not control the aircraft that began to lose height. At the time, when the crew managed to pull the plane out of the dive, the collision was already unavoidable. Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to the root causes of this event. At first, one should keep in mind that the pilots of this company were often overworked. In many cases, they did not have much time to rest. Therefore, the fatigue of the crew was a widespread phenomenon, and it undermined their ability to react to the critical situations. The management laid stress on the need to minimize the operational costs, and they did not want to hire a greater number of pilots. Finally, training programs were rather minimalistic. They did not help crew members become more confident and prepared for possible challenges (The National Transportation Safety Board 10). Much attention should also be paid to the culture of Colgan Air Inc. In particular, it can be called reactive. In other words, the management only responded to some problems that often manifested themselves. However, they did not emphasize the importance of continuous quality improvement. Furthermore, they did not try to anticipate potential risks. Moreover, in many cases, the senior executives attached importance only to superficial improvements and policies. For instance, when the safety procedures of this airline were criticized by the Federal Aviation Administration, the management only made a Power Point presentation for the employees. This presentation was supposed to identify the key responsibilities of workers. Nevertheless, they did not ensure that workers could comply with these requirements. As a result, quality and safety were not regarded as the essential values of workers. It is one of the flaws that should be identified. One can argue that this incident could be preventable if the pilots had been sufficiently trained in such aspects as stall monitoring and the recovery of the plane. Very often, such failures can be explained by panic, but not some insurmountable difficulties. Additionally, the actions of pilots might have been different if they had not been by fatigue. Therefore, it is critical to introduce safeguards that can prevent such disasters. The recommendations offered by the National Transportation Safety Board are appropriate, and they can minimize the risk of such catastrophes. In particular, this organization states that airlines should develop more sophisticated training programs. They m
The advent of SMS technology was a means to enhance effective and efficient communication. Unfortunately, this has not been the case because SMS have been associated with some issues that tend to affect English proficiency. Individuals tend to use a language that they easily understand, which in most cases is not Englsih. Text messages are the main mode of communication used by young adults and students compared to conversations, mainly due to convenience. This paper aims to discuss some issues associated with SMS technology and how these issues affect literacy. SMS technology is more popular among the young people because of the friendly rates associated with it. In addition, it is convenient because it can be as easy as sending a symbol (: [email protected] to mean angry). This technology extends to some social networking media like Facebook and Twitter. On these social sites, people will use a very short form of sentences that only make use of sound. These sentences lack a structure, they seem like a combination of words without any particular order and the most surprising thing is that the receiver understands. One instance is “@ sam big upx n kip kul” mainly used in social sites like Faceb
The case of the activities of the Coca Cola Company in Colombia is one of the biggest thorns in the flesh of the conglomerate. The allegations against the firm are quite serious, and they may prove that multinationals can go to great lengths to attain their goals. These are some of the most selfish acts that can be carried out, since there is actually no comparison between the success of a firm and the lives of individuals. The fact that most of the unionists and activists who have been assassinated, have died due to their interests in the rights of the workers implies that the firm is not willing to listen to the workers or pay them decent wages. The use of paramilitary units to carry out assassinations in the country means that the governmental bodies, as well as the corporations, view these acts as justifiable. It is unacceptable for anybody to lose his or her life, so that a firm may not increase the wages that they pay to their employees. The fact that people who dare to raise their voices are dealt with decisively in the name of saving money, means that the firm holds no value to the lives of the people who they employ in most of the developing countries. The bottling plants that Coca Cola operates in developing countries were opened with the aim of acquiring cheap labor, as well as getting raw materials at lower prices. However, with the rising cost of living, the corporation ought to consider the plight of the workers and take into consideration, their woes. The firm can start addressing these issues by improving on the working conditions that they offer their workers in the region. Instead of attacking the leaders who dare to talk about issues that affect the workers every day, the firm had better look for ways to start checking the issues such as dialogue with them. This is because most of the workers feel the same way, and it is like a snowball that will never stop rolling. Instead of slowing down and stopping, it will keep on gathering more snow as it goes down the hill. The matter of the workers rights has to be addressed if the corporate body intends to carry on with business. Killing off each person who raises work-related issues will only leave them in turmoil since there will only be unrest, and the plight of the workers will remain unsolved. Even if they use the paramilitary units to eliminate dissent in the ranks, the core issues will always remain unattended. There will always be voices raising matters concerning the plight of these workers, and as much as the corporations try to silence them using whichever way they feel is appropriate, they will just have to start dealing with the fact that the issues are much bigger than they may think that they are. With the laws th
Introduction The aim of any business is to attract attention to the services it provides and to ensure sustainability by maintenance of efficient working systems. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a crucial component of any business enterprise whether big or small. It plays a key role in the management of company operations by ensuring that all members involved are within contact distance from each other as well as assist in proper organization of company records. The world is indeed becoming a global village with business exchange and educational activities being carried out through the internet and via satellite systems. In this way, information systems help provide the link between business and technology because the more efficient an organization’s operations are, the more its economic benefits. This report seeks to illustrate how the principle of information and communication technology (ICT) can be put into use by a security company. Technology needs Information systems Security provision companies need specialized information systems if they are to offer excellent support for customer service and guidance of company operations. Being a business that directly affects individuals, this system comprises a variety of subsystems including a virtual data ware house, an enterprise resource planning system, a geographic information systems and an office automation system. The office automation system helps in creating an efficient managerial scheme by providing a link between the executive officers and junior administration level officers. Since most of a security firm’s services are mainly offered outside the office premises, the geographic information system helps collect geospatial information which is relevant in ensuring a proper record of the covered areas is maintained. F