ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The East African market is one that continues to grow and attract both foreign and domestic businesses. Although ethnically the region is quite diverse, it is not as advanced economically and therefore can be divided into very basic market segments. The two main parameters that can best be used to segment that market are population demographics and economic segments. This report examines the variables in detail in relation to the region and how Teejays can use them to segment the market as it plots to make its initial entry into the market. Overview of the East African Market The East African market is one of the fastest growing markets on the continent. Africa, described by many economists as the future centre of economic power, is home to some of the fastest growing economies in the world. South Africa – Africa’s largest and most stable economy (BBC News, 2011) – was invited two years ago to become a member of BRIC, an economic union of the world’s fastest growing economies. In April 2011, Jacob Zuma [1] accepted the invitation and South Africa officially became a member of BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (Hervieu, 2011 ). Other African countries share the same potential that South Africa has. Nigeria and Egypt are some of the continent’s well developed economies, although they are yet to reach the level of western countries and other giant economies like China, India and Japan. East Africa is one of Africa’s largest economic blocks. The region’s member states are Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi, with the newly formed republic of Southern Sudan set to join the regional economic community within the next 12 months (Olal, 2011). These states have all registered positive average economic growth in the last ten years, with Kenya leading the race to economic dominance in Africa. Uganda and Southern Sudan all have oil reserves that have not been fully utilized, with the region’s cities are predicted to become huge economic hubs within the next 100 years. The expected growth of the region’s economic status means there is a huge demand for services that improve a company’s performance. One of the most needed services is customer care, particularly from firms that offer services to their customers. There are a number of companies in the region that offer vital services for both the business and public sector. These services include mobile phone services, computer services and public relations. For all these companies to increase their profit margins and compete with other local and international firms battling to enter the market, they have to improve service delivery and other important business practices. In order to do this, one of the important sectors of their business they have to improve is customer care. Teejays [2] , a leading customer care training and consultancy firm based in the UK, has huge potential to become a key provider of this vital service. Segments Since Teejays is breaking into a relatively new market, it is important that we understand the region’s different structures. Teejays offers a service that best ser
In his short novel “The Birth-Mark”, Nathaniel Hawthorne argues that Positivist ideas are not only wrong but also dangerous because they stress the necessity to alter human nature by removing the elements that are ostensibly alien to it, which may lead to destroying one’s life. In the novel, the conflict between nature and Positivism showcased by juxtaposing Aylmer, an aspiring Positivism scientist, and his wife Georgiana is rendered with the help of the third-person view, which sets the tone for the story and defines the reader’s attitude to characters by using very specific epithets to portray them as either victim of Positivism (Georgiana) or the proponents thereof (Aylmer). However, since the narrator is not omnipotent in the novel, certain scenes are missing from it, therefore, fuelling the readers’ imagination and making the author’s point all the more passionate. The philosophy of positivism has a long and fascinating history. Although its key idea can be traced back to as early as Ancient Greece and Plato’s concept of negatives as God’s attributes that contribute to the development of spiritualism (Shollenberger 56), the actual movement was started by Auguste Comte in the 19 th century (Scharff 133). Positivism promotes the idea of observing natural phenomena and identifying the relationships between them so that they could be used as references for introducing improvements to people’s lives (Edgar 56). Particularly, the philosophy of Positivism implies that “ideal science is a science whose function is limited as far as possible to the determination of laws only” (Withers and Shea 97). The introduction of the third-person viewpoint into the novel allows setting the tone for the story and, therefore, shaping the audience’s expectations, at the same time affecting the development of attitudes toward the characters. For instance, Hawthorne focuses closely on delineating the character of Aylmer by making him not only an obsessed scientist but also a loving husband, who becomes overly fascinated with science. One must also give Hawthorne credit for not portraying Aylmer, who is positioned as the proponent of Positivism, as the epitome of evil. Instead, he is described in a rather sympathetic, though somewhat condescending, manner: “We know not whether Aylmer possessed this degree of faith in man’s ultimate control over Nature. He had devoted himself, however, too unreservedly to scientific studies ever to be weaned from them by any second passion” (Hawthorne 420). As a result, Hawthorne’s voice becomes the narrative technique that makes the argument very poignant, even though it might seem a bit on-the-nose. Similarly, the activ
Introduction Toward the end of the eighteenth century the Jews in German were well established. The Jews knew much about the German culture and had made it part of their lives. The Jews and Germans coexisted peacefully until Adolf Hitler became the German leader. In early nineteenth century a very bad incident took place in Germany which will forever be remembered by all the Germans and Jews. The Germans led by Adolf Hitler were bent on killing all the Jews in what was termed as the final solution. Hatred was turned to the Jews by the Germans who believed that their misery (the Germans) was due to the presence of the Jews in Germany. This paper seeks to explain how the “The Final Solution” evolved, how it was organized, by whom it was carried out, when it was authorized and implemented and its effects. The Final Solution Background Information Adolf Hittler was appointed as a German leader in the presidential election held in 1932 and was named the president then. The First World War emerged to be a big blow to the German security. They then had to look for new ways to strengthen their country. With time some magazine started to spread out propaganda concerning the Jews. Elections were conducted to increase political strength of Hittler. The laws governing the country were modified. It was argued that the Jewish were responsible for the alteration in the German culture. Hittler was against the Jewish two years after the election. The Jewish were viewed as outcasts and some laws were made to get rid of them (Bendersky 1). The Planning It is believed that the killing of the Jewish was planned towards the end of 1941(Holocaust history 1). Based on some prophesy that the future was to be worse, the Jewish started fleeing out of the country but were restricted by the strict immigration rule from neighboring countries. Some of the countries tried to solve the immigration process but were unsuccessful. On being pushed too much, the Jewish refused to take commands given to them and assassinated one the top German official. This provoked the government to arrest the Jews and many of them lost their lives and most of their property (Jewish virtual library 1; Bendersky 2). The worst period for the Jews dawned at the start of the Second World War. The German security was determined to get rid of the Jews. They were divided into different troops. Jews were shot dead and buried. At the start of 1942, a meeting to enforce the operation was conducted. This meant that the process was to be carried out on a large scale. There were so many death camps which were used to get rid of the Jews (United States 1). Some countries attacked Germany to force it surrender killing the Jews. Some of these countries included: America, Britain and the Soviet Union. This led to the end of the Second World War. Statistics of those who died It is worth noting that the number of Jews who were killed was just too huge. It was a display of
Problem Statement Family business continues to play an important role in the economic development of many countries. Many research projects have been conducted to discuss this type of business since the 1990s, but scholars cannot understand all the constituents of family involvement. Therefore, a lack of appropriate survey designs, insufficient statistical analyses, and the existing global competitive pressures provokes the creation of new strategies and transformations in companies. The issue of competent succession has to be properly identified to determine the contribution of the family business, cultural forces, and other outside factors in the Saudi Arabia context. Purpose, Methods, and Conclusions The primary goal of the article is to assess the role of the family business in the economic growth of Saudi Arabia. Additional purposes include the examination of corporate structure and the analysis of reforms that may bring different consequences to the Saudi economy (Ramady & Sohail, 2010). The authors do neither give any information about the methods nor develop specific hypotheses or research questions. The conclusions of the article are about the positive and negative roles of the family business in Saudi Arabia and the necessity of the government to enhance its impact on business organization and decision-making regarding investment, production, and employment (Ramady & Sohail, 2010). The analysis of past reports and peer-reviewed articles is the only method applied in this study. The Title of the Article After reading the offered source for the first time, its title seems to be clear and appropriate. The authors share their intention to assess the role of the family business in the economic context and rely on the perspectives from Saudi Arabia. However, at the same time, it is hard to understand what methods the researchers prefer to complete this analysis and what steps should be taken to reach the set goals. In this title, an overall idea of the connection between the family business and the economic growth of the country is underlined but poorly explained in research terms. The Abstract of the Article Although the abstract is not divided into specific sections with headings, the authors use six clear sentences to introduce their artic
Introduction Both Isaac Newton and Galileo contributed much towards modern science in one way or the other Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematician, philosopher and astronomer. Main body He is said to have contributed much in scientific revolution and was known by he names such as; father of modern astronomical observation, father of mathematics and father of modern science. 1 He was behind improvement of telescope and astronomical observation and through his astronomical observations and use of telescope, discovered the phases of Venus, satellites and sunspots. The Catholic Church disagreed with his advocacy that, the sun was at the center of solar system, because it was no empirically proven and contradicted the meaning of scripture. This resulted to conflict between him and the Catholic Church making the church to denounce his opinions judging them dangerous and was restricted from teaching Copernicans astronomy. He initiated the use of experiments whose results could be analyzed precisely using mathematical formulas. He stated that laws of nature were actually mathematical and his mathematical analyses were developments of traditions employed by natural philosopher Galileo wanted to separate science from philosophy and religion and was ready to change his views to commensurate with his experimental results. He showed that there was a close relationship between mathematics, theoretical and experimental physics. Galileo used experiments to explain the causes of things rather that the natural scientists who applied philosophy to investigate the causes. Galileo believed that two bodies of same material but different mass falling from certain height, the time of their decent was independent of their mass. His ideal was different from the natural scientists who believed that the time of decent is depended of mass. Isaac Newton was a Briton mat
Industry Description In the recent past, several mergers of large firms within the oligopolistic market setting have been witnessed. As a result, this has not only caused some changes in some of market factors such as competition but also in turn affected the demand of the products. This paper discusses the competitive environment within the property industry in the United States of America. Simon Property Group Simon property Group is the largest Real estate Company in the United States of America. The real estate industry in the US has been characterized by stiff competition among the oligopolistic market players. Competition in the industry is high thanks to the firms that desire to control a larger market share. As such, competition has ensured that firms create strong brand names and have a commanding brand presence in the property market. In the United States of America, there is no dominant firm in the real estate industry although Simon property Group is the largest of all other players. The real estate industry is characterized by an oligopolistic market setting where there are few dominant firms which account for a majority of the stake in the industry. There are some other firms that follow after Simon Property group. Their main competition factor in the real estate industry is price strategy. Real estate companies engage in price wars so as to attract and retain more customers. This is done through offering cheaper deals to the customers relative to the competitors. These cheaper deals come in form of commission refunds to property buyers. Firms that fail to offer commission refunds usually attract fewer buyers than those that refund. Two Arguments – Importance of Competition among Firms Competition is defined as the rivalry that causes businesses to strive to have a commanding control of the limited resources among the competing parties in the market. The importance of competition comes in that firms using price as the competition factor bring their prices down so as to attract the finite rational consumers (Jerry, 2003). This factor therefore increases the consumers’ marginal propensity to consume thus increasing their disposable income. The competitive environment in this industry is of benefit to the
Why market structure is important from management perspective? Market structure is an important part of any management process because of several reasons that have to be understood, considered, and evaluated on a proper level. In the beginning, it is necessary to underline that the management perspective is all about the way of how a company or market is organized and coordinated in terms of the activities that are applicable in order to achieve the goals set. According to one famous Professor of Finance, Davide Accomazzo, market structure is “that comprehensive box that relates to the rules of engagement for all market participants” (par. 2). It means that any market structure is a kind of framework according to which each market player has to take some steps, choose how to behave, consider the regulations, and play the roles prescribed (Shaik 104). As soon as the idea of market structure is more or less clear, it is possible to explain its importance from a pure management perspective. Market structure helps to define the required number of suppliers, the level of difficulty inherent to enter a particular market, or the forms of competit
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is one of the largest banks in the United States and worldwide. It was established in 1869 and initially traded on the stock exchange. With time, the bank expanded to other areas of activity the focus of which was the investment. This paper aims at revealing the core strategies of Goldman Sachs as well as its international role and ethics. Generic Strategy Goldman Sachs is regarded as one of the world’s largest investment banks and a financial conglomerate that is engaged in investment of banking, securities trade, investment management, and other financial services that are primarily associated with institutional clients. Currently, the company pursues the overall strategy of an innovative culture. This refers to the utilization of new and inventive products that can help to strengthen its brand value and gain a larger market share. Following the mentioned strategy, the company declares that there is a need for transformational change (Popper, 2016). Recalibrating its business mixture, Goldman Sachs started to offer its services to ordinary Americans. Precisely speaking, online banking service was offered to them, yet the revenues from this solution cannot be compared with those received from other sectors of the company. Popper (2016) claims that “the bank reported the lowest first-quarter profit and revenue since 2004, with declines across almost all of the bank’s major business lines” (para. 10). Nevertheless, the company’s representatives continue to promote the mentioned approach, arguing that the bank is capable of addressing this complicated situation. In the context of the generic strategy of the company, several principles of Goldman Sachs can be noted. For instance, the company puts the interests of its clients first and meets their expectations, thus promoting healthy and collaborative relationships. Among its core assets, the bank prioritizes people, reputation, and capital ( Goldman Sachs , 2016). The company strives to pursue ever-changing trends and address difficulties associated with its operating areas. However, it follows the non-aggressive way of establishing relationships with the customers and competitors as regards integrity and honesty as fundamental issues. Thus, the company’s generic structure corresponds to a marketing-oriented one (Wilson, 2010). Such a strategy helps to recognize the need for change timely and, thereby, implement the required amendments. Diversification Strategy Goldman Sachs pursues the strategy of diversification. The bank consists of three paramount divisions involving investment banking, stock trading, and asset management, and securities services. First of all, Goldman Sachs is one of the leading actors in the area of investment banking. In the market for bank mergers and acquisitions, it historically earned an excellent reputation by advising its clients on how to avoid hostile takeovers. This business segment brings about 15 percent of
Introduction In the last decade, Mergers and Acquisitions (M &A) have increased drastically in North America and across the world. To many organizations, mergers and acquisitions present an opportunity to enhance competitive advantage, expand operations, and/or drive tangible bottom-line improvements (Schweiger & Goulet, 2005). Worldwide unions and acquisitions have increasingly become central business tactics for Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to develop, branch out, and combine their activities. For instance, in 2006, mergers and acquisitions exceeded USD$4.5 trillion with cross border, amounting USD$1.6 trillion (DePamphilis, 2008). However, despite the enormous activity on mergers and acquisitions, their success rate in meeting the goals of the involved organizations is wanting. For instance, despite the brightness that surrounds amalgamations and acquisitions, only a few of them achieve their monetary prospects. According to Moller and Schlingemann (2005), up to 83% of mergers are unsuccessful. Such mergers end up lowering the involved parties’ value, profitability, and shareholder bottom line. Despite this discouraging statistics on the success of
Introduction Sports athletes due to the nature of their activities are often faced with a variety of both occupational diseases and injuries that seem to have short-term consequences to health. One of the health issues that has been underestimated in its consequences to health is a concussion. This health problem is widespread among football athletes in particular. Thus, per 100000 football athletes, almost 77% of players are exposed to concussions. This problem has become more evident and critical during the last years, and it is now researched more comprehensively. It is crucial to note that earlier the concussion was perceived as causing short-term functional problems such as memory loss or impaired concentration (Solomon, Ott, & Lovell, 2011). However, athletes, healthcare professionals, and the society, in general, are becoming increasingly aware that concussion entails structural damage to the brain, in particular, to the thin fibers of nerve cells, called axons, which are located deep inside the brain. Moreover, the criticality of the situation is reflected in the fact that many people believe that a concussion can be obtained as a result of a serious collision solely, but it is not so. The researchers argue that only 10% of concussions are accompanied by the loss of consciousness. Concussion has a number of symptoms, yet it is often neglected. It is necessary to state that football athletes experiencing concussion are exposed to an increased risk of further injury and detrimental effects on health status. Population The paper researches the football athletes aged 20-39 years since it is believed that they are at a higher risk of suffering from concussion and experiencing long-term consequences to health further on (Solomon et al., 2011). Des