ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), some public health initiatives have resulted in improved health outcomes. For example, there has been a significant reduction in the spread of communicable diseases. Despite the gains, there are socio-cultural and religious factors that influence the health of Muslim women negatively. Studies show that many women in the Middle East and North Africa suffer from chronic diseases such as breast and cervical cancer, yet they seek medical care at advanced stages of the condition. The challenge of meeting the health needs of women in the region has been blamed on gender inequality. Women have limited autonomy to make decisions that directly affect their health 1 . Culture and religious orientations that restrict the capabilities of women increase their vulnerability to chronic diseases. The gender inequalities associated with social stigma reduce the autonomy of women in health. As a result, women do not attend regular healthcare check-ups; instead, they seek medical attention when diseases are at advanced stages. Therefore, this study attempts to determine how women’s autonomy leads to improved health. Purpose of the Research The purpose of the study is to find out how autonomy of Muslim women can improve their health. Due to socio-cultural and religious norms, women in the regions of the Middle East and North Africa are likely to ignore symptoms of chronic diseases for a long time without seeking health intervention 2 . The delays in seeking medical attention result in worsening of the health condition. Furthermore, restrictions placed on female mobility and the limited numbers of health care workers lead to adverse health outcomes for women 3 . For example, breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women in the Middle East; however, many females affected do not seek care in the early manifestation of the disease. In fact, the Middle East and North Africa region is ranked as having the highest rates of late presentation of breast cancer 4 . The socio-cultural factors have become a great impediment to the improvement of health in the Middle East. An example relates to a Saudi woman who ignored cancer growing in her breast because she was afraid of being referred to a male doctor. Such cases are common in the MENA region; it is estimated that 70% of cases of breast cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are not reported until they reach the late stages 5 . These examples point to cultural sensitivity and social stigma that have worsened the health of women not only in the cases of breast cancer but also with many other diseases. Hence, the question arises whether improving the autonomy of Muslim women will lead to improved health care. Objectives and Importance Th
As A Sound of Thunder progresses , Travis has many concerns about the trip to the past. He is nervous that changes they make in the past will drastically transform their well-known present. He also has an obligation to report all the actions they make to the authorities (Bradburry, 1952). Travis is afraid they might revoke Time Safari’s license to travel because of their irresponsible conduct on the trip (Bradburry, 1952). According to Lewis’s “The Bootstrap Paradox” and “The Grandfather Paradox,” a person traveling back in time cannot change the present by interfering with the past since there would be no time traveler if there were a change in his or her current time (Sfetsu, 2019). For example, imagine that I am a great scientist who has discovered a life-saving vaccine with the sample I found in the ceiling of my house. Then, I become one of those lucky expeditors who need to check the time travel machine and go to the past, five years ago. As I go to the past, I realize I can help my past self discover the vaccine and secretly leave the sample on my house’s ceiling. In this case, all the actions I did during the travel did not affect my present but led the events according to the course as they were supposed to happen. Therefore, Travis’s worries can be said as groundless because the travelers’ actions during their ‘trip’ should not divert the present they are having now. In the continual time loop, all the events occur in all time frames, and the results we have in the present are somewhat interconnected with all the decisions we made in the past including the time travel.
Introduction Divorce involves restructuring of the family where parents separate. When people get married, they get children in the union and who are under the care of both parents. Divorce causes emotional and psychological strain among the parents. The process of divorce is very involving and parents end up as opponents and seek to be independent (Roderick 6). After divorce the parents reside in different houses and have to settle with the other about the custody of children. In most cases the children remain in custody of the mother. Although some people believe that parents absorb the major effects of divorce, I believe that divorce has a big effect on children than parents. Discussion on how effects of divorce on children are more than effects on the parents Emotional effects According to Friedman (17), when parents divorce the family members are affected. The children as well as the parents have to adjust to changes and may take up to two years to settle down. They often have emotions that are triggered by the divorce. In cases where children exposed and saw the parents engage in conflict, children find it more comfortable to live with a single parent and be not see the parents engage in quarrels. On the other hand, some parents keep their differences secret from the children. When they divorce, such children usually have a harder time to cope with the change than children who knew their parents differences. Therefore parents can live in a marriage for the sake of the children. Children encounter difficulty Children from divorced families portray differences from those who grow up in stable families. Divorce affects children’s social life because some have difficulties relating with other members of society when compared with the others. Roderick (pg 8), argues that some children from the divorced families may learn skill of copping with difficulties and therefore may end with less problems than those from non divorced families. The recovery from divorce of the children is depended on the pace of the parent to pull through the difficult times. As Wilson (pg 10) argues, in cases where parents recover quickly, the children were able to cope with changes while those parents who took long to overcome challenges posed by divorce, their children continued manifesting problems like regression. Unprepared to deal with change Young children find it unbearable to deal with divorce of the parents because at their age they have not learnt how to muddle through changes and are thereby not fully ready to handle separation of one of the parents. Most often, boys have a harder time than girls when parents divorce. When they develop problems, the divorced wife poorly manages the son’s problems and may liken him with the father besides having her own problems. The problem may include the fact that they had a relationship with the father which is no longer present. Children are affected by the separation of parents. O’Neill (Para 2) reveals that the father figure or the mother figure is important to children. They lose the connection and some support they got from the parent. Loss of on
Teaching practice implies paying equal attention to diverse aspects of teaching and learning. Thus, an educator should make sure that they are using the most effective student-centered instruction, assessment, assignments, and engagement techniques. The importance of differentiation has been acknowledged by many, although some educators still view it as additional work for the teacher (Institute of Education Sciences, 2016). Differentiation is, in fact, instrumental in creating a more effective learning environment where students are able to achieve their academic goals more easily. An illustration of the effectiveness of differentiation is displayed in the video by QEP VideoCoursesForTeachers (2017). The teacher grouped students according to the level of their knowledge and preparedness, so everyone had the task that was manageable, but each student was still challenged, which is critical for motivation. It is also noteworthy that differentiation can and should encompass teacher’s evaluation of students’ levels, learning styles, as well as emotional and physical states (Institute of Education Sciences, 2016). Therefore, teachers benefit from using this technique in their classrooms as it enhances students’ engagement. Another effective strategy to improve student engagement is the use of creative arts to teach diverse disciplines. For instance, music has been widely used in classrooms to facilitate learning (Cooper, 2016). Giving instructions or doing drills is more effective when students and the teacher sing rather than simply enumerate facts or sequences of actions. Singing rules or making a song with certain instructions makes the student more engaged and motivated to respond. It is possible to use some melodies as a simple instruction for children, such as start group work. Children, especially primary-school learners, find tasks and even assessments fun when creative arts such as music or drama are utilized. Creative arts can help teachers develop effective and engaging pre-assessment and formative assessment tasks. At this point, it is important to stress that pre-assessment is critical for building an understanding of students’ current level of proficiency or the skills they have (Mark Schroeder, 2020). Educators also note that pre-assessment should contain some elements of the formative assessment that will follow. In that way, students will develop confidence and will be motivated to complete the assessment. Formative assessment is critical for the identification of the gaps students may have and the material they may have failed to cover properly. Formative assessment enables the educator to identify the gaps to be filled after a topic is covered. Assessment is also important for the evaluation of teaching techniques used to introduce or practice some material. The use of drama is becoming quite a common assessment (as well as pre-assessment) strategy. For instance, a teacher can arrange a science topic pre-assessment by setting a scene in the jungle where students (who have received cards with an animal) will tell about themselves accordingly. Formative assessment can take a fo
Thesis Statement The film City of Life and Death is a Chinese movie based on a true story. Produced by the China Film Group and directed by Lu Chuan, the movie was produced in the year 2009. It managed to record good sales within the first two weeks of its release. The movie is based on the Sino-Japanese war between 1937-1941 when the Japanese Royal Forces fought to take over and colonize China as part of the strategic move to access China’s mineral resources. The movie is specifically based on the events that happened during the capture of Nanjing city, which was by then China’s capital city. The events that happened then underscore the historical Nanjing massacre and the director of the film sought to play out the historical events of the war (He, 2007). The film can be described as a piece of art meant to enhance nationalism in the Chinese people by showing them what their ancestors went through to keep China as an independent state. This paper examines the different elements that have been used in the movie and how such elements have contributed to the development of the movie. Introduction The City of Life and Death is a story of events that happened when the city of Nanjing was captured by the Japanese forces. The movie tells a story of the massacre of both Chinese men and women with an estimated 300000 unarmed civilians being systematically killed by the Japanese occupation forces (Lu, 2009). The plot of the film hinges on the City of Nanjing in the year 1937, and it starts with a Japanese attack that leads to a few Chinese soldiers deserting their positions. As Lu, one of the Chinese army leaders tries to get out stopping the deserters from taking off, the Japanese forces that have surrounded the city capture him. This event marks the capture and eventual takeover of a city that is previously under siege. The Japanese army wipes out the small resistance from a band of Chinese fighters and firmly takes control of the city. The Japanese forces the roundup men believed to be former fighters before leading them out of the city for execution. The soldiers then assemble and place women under their watch to act as ‘comfort women. ’ The Japanese soldiers rape a majority of the captured women upon which most of them die due to the torture that they undergo in the process. Themes Compassion The Japanese army operates under a man called Kadokawa, who in spite of leading a ruthless and heartless army, is full of compassion. This aspect stands out when Kadokawa falls in love with a Japanese prostitute whom he buys gifts and promises to marry her (Lu, 2009). He does not do this for love, but rather out of pity for the woman due to what he thinks is an inhuman life that she is living. On the other hand, Yuriko, the Japanese prostitute, finds a haven in the situation as it is a source of income for her, and thus she refuses his offer for freedom. Nevertheless, Kadokawa promises to marry her after the war, but he finds her dead when the war ends. Compassion is evident again in Kodakawa when he develops an interest in a Chinese woman named Xiaojiang, who volunteers as one of the many comfort women as
His name usually seems to be a synonym for children’s literature. His ideas and achievements become examples of amazing literary nonsense. His works attract the attention of many little, as well as adult, readers. However, when the name of Charles Dodgson is pronounced, not many people are able to comprehend, who is talked about. It is high time to discover the name that is known for a wide range of readers around the whole world. All this is about Lewis Carroll, one and only, who introduced an amazing world of Wonderland with its rules, their absence, and their unimportance. Lewis’ Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is one of the most unexpected unpredictable and captivating stories, where the simplicity of ideas and nonsense are closely interlaced by a variety of puzzles that have to be collected by the main character, Alice. In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis introduces a collection of puzzles that fulfill a human life, make people move and think about the past, present, and future as a one whole, and turn the majority of challenges into a nonsensical story about the author’s disregard for morality, rules, and measurements that are usually crucial to children’s literature. It is not a usual thing to start reading a book, where a number of social norms and rules are broken from the very first lines. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is the example of how passionate the author can be about his ideas and positions. He does not want to spend more time on some attractive and childish things. His goal is to make the reader believe that this story differs from the others. Lewis does not find it necessary to hide the truth and prove that, if reading “had no pictures or conversations in it” (Carroll 63), it can be interesting in some way. It is high time to fall asleep and enjoy a new world, full of surprises, puzzles, and meetings that can change an ordinary life forever. That is how an ordinary boy from a clergyman’s family, Charles Dodgson, turns into a famous children’s writer, Lewis Carroll, – because of his unwillingness to follow certain orders and a burning desire to be interesting for children. He was born on January 27, 1832, and he was the eldest son among other eight children in the family (Wakeling 1). Carroll aims at creating interesting games and stories to entertain his siblings and other children, who visit his family. There is no need to ask for Carroll’s help –
Introduction With developments in the Internet, computing and mobile technologies, cyber security and attacks have become issues of critical concerns among governments, individuals, and businesses (Nye, 2010). More advanced threats, such as ransomware, have continued to undermine the benefits associated with computers, the Internet, and networking due to escalating costs of malicious cyber-attacks. As billions of dollars and information are stolen each year, industry experts, governments, and academics have continued to work tirelessly with the aim of advancing cyber security to protect critical infrastructures. The US Government, for instance, has developed policies to promote cyber security and resilience of its key installations while advancing effective, innovation, and economic development through safe, secure, confidential, private, and liberal practices. The US enacted the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act 2014 to ensure that respective bodies develop and maintain a clear plan for cyber security research and development (R&D) based on a risk assessment tool for guidance. The federal government is responsible for R&D funding. Based on this approach, the US government has demonstrated its commitment to advancing cyber security R&D and protecting numerous benefits associated with technologies and the Internet. While there are past initiatives to advance cyber security and related technologies, the US government has focused on incremental developments based on emerging threats and potential solutions from R&D. Current evidence on efficiency and efficacy of cyber security approaches and technologies have resulted into enhanced R&D activities. As such, more robust technologies and emerging approaches will assist in protecting critical infrastructures. This research paper is concerned with emerging cyber security approaches and technologies. In addition, it also looks at the role of the federal government in the support and nurturing of the emerging cyber security technologies identified. It is imperative to note that only emerging cyber security approaches and technologies considered as novel in the recent past have been considered. In this research paper, nature-inspired or bio-inspired cyber security, deep learning, and user behavior analytics (UBA) are discussed as emerging approaches and technologies for cyber security. These emerging cyber security approaches and technologies are unique and new, and they look promising for securing critical infrastructures in the cyberspace. How the emerging cyber security technologies identified coupled with prioritized research and development improve cyber security In most instances, much effort has been directed at developing and improving existing cyber security approaches and technologies.
Factors influencing the choice of an inventory valuation model The three commonly used inventory valuation models are a weighted average method, last-in-first-out (LIFO), and first-in-first-out (FIFO) (Warren, 2013). The type of inventory valuation model selected by the company affects the cost of sales and the balance of the inventory reported in the statement of financial position. There are several factors that companies take into account when selecting an inventory valuation model. The first factor is the product type. Products with short shelf life will require a valuation model that will take into account the life span of the products. Thus, FIFO is recommended for perishable products. On the other hand, LIFO is used for commodities that are bought based on the expiration date because consumers buy the most recent commodities. The second factor is the product cost. Products that have volatile prices will require the use weighted average method because it will take into account the changes in price over a specific financial period. Secondly, companies that deal with high-value products may require a different policy for valuing inventory such as FIFO. The third factor is the lead time. The duration between the time an order is placed and the time the commodities are delivered affects the selection of the valuation model. A company will select the weighted average method if the lead time varies. The fourth factor is the tax savings that are likely to arise from the method of valuation selected. In this case, a company will select a valuation model that will result in a lower cost of ending inventory. LIFO method results in a low cost of ending inventory results in higher cost of sales, low profit, and low taxes (Weil, 2012). Inventory valuation model used by Al Meera Consumer Goods Company Q.S.C. Al Meera Consumer Goods Company is based in Qatar and it deals with consumer goods. The main operations of the company entail “wholesale and retail trading of a variety of consumer goods, owning and managing consumer outlets, and trading in foodstuffs and consumer goods” (The Financial Times LTD, 2013, p. 1). Further, the company operates three segments these are, “retail segment, investment segment, and leasing segment” (The Financial Times LTD, 2013, p. 1). Currently, the company owns nine subsidiaries (Al Meera Consumer Goods Company Q.S.C., 2013). Most of these subsidiaries are located within Qatar. The company is keen on increasing its global presence through expansion into global markets. The inventories in the balance sheet are reported at the lower cost and net realizable value (Al Meera Consumer Goods Company Q.S.C., 2013, p. 29). The cost of the inventory reported include expenses such as the
Introduction With increased technology and extensive studies in the field of medical services, many changes have been proposed concerning the best practice or alternatives for treating patients since health is a very sensitive issue. For this reasons, those practices that are founded on concrete evidence are usually very admissible by many practitioners. Experts also insist that the best care should be founded on evidence. In this way, the use of evidence based practices demands the decision about a health care issue or system be founded on the best alternative available, that is recent, valid and there should be appropriate evidence to back the decision. The decisions in these cases are madder by the patients and they are founded on the knowledge they obtained un-stated from the practitioners within the framework of the available resources. The Clinical Question The basis of the discussion here will be to provide evidence basis for the most effective health promotion activity that is specifically related to physical activities and the need of a healthy and active community (Cavill 105). The current developments in the medical care, research requires that any conclusions that will be drawn from a study be supported with extensive scientific knowledge (Bauman et al.176). This is called evidence based practice in the field of medicine. Under this model, doctors and other medical practitioners are required to prepare clinical research subject of the matter or question in the form of the Problem targeting a particular Population, the possible and subsequently narrowing to the best Intervention, making Comparison of the intervention and then reporting the outcomes (Keleher & MacDougall 6). These elements form a model referred to as the PICO paradigm. This guideline is very important in medicine especially clinical investigations and helps to structure clinical questions and to present doctors’ information (Bauman et al.176). PICO structure is fundamentally focused on therapy questions and not very useful in presentation of other types on medical information (Pate 404). This study identifies the health issue at hand to be health promotion priority focusing specifically on the physical activities. The populations that are most vulnerable to such health problems are the women and the very small children. The outcomes of missing physical exercise can be very grave since lack of exercise is usually a risk factor for a series of serious medial condition among them the cardiovascular problems (Talbot & Verinder 89). The comparison is to link the disease occurrence among the healthy individual who take regular exercises versus those who do not get time for exercise and h