ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The largest world supply of freshwater comes from the Great Lakes. In the United States, this source provides more than 90% of the freshwater consumed in the region (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2015). It is also said to contain about 18% of the total freshwater found in the world. More than 40 million Americans, as well as Canadians, draw their freshwater from the Great Lakes. On average, the total area covered by this fascinating feature is more than 94, 000 square miles. This paper aims to discuss the formation of this magnificent geological feature. Formation of the Great Lakes According to Calkin and Bern (1985), the area that is currently occupied by the Great Lakes was initially covered with glacial ice. Besides, two plates were fused beneath this ice. Gradually, these plates split apart, and a midcontinent rift was created. In between the rift, there emerged a valley on which a basin formed with time. This basin later became Lake Superior. The Saint Lawrence rift was created when a second separation occurred. Another valley with two basins emerged, and this is where the current Lakes Ontario and Erie lie. The glacial ice that covered the area that is currently occupied by the Great Lakes is said to be more than a kilometer thick (Michigan Environmental Education Curriculum, 2014). Massive amounts of soil were being moved during the creation of the valleys. However, it is believed that the melting of the glacier started in North America as it moved to Canada. Large holes were left behind by the melting ice. As a result, the water that filled these basins formed the Great Lakes. Among the Lakes that form the interconnected Great Lakes are Lake Nipissing, Lake Algonquin, and Lake Chippewa. It is said that Lake Algonquin was formed 11,000 years ago (Hough, 1958). Initially, this lake covered an area of about 100,000 square miles. Its formation occurred when glacier ice known as Laurentide melted while moving north. On the other hand, Lake Nippising was formed when glacier ice known as Wisconsin melted. Lake Chippewa was formed when unspecified ice retreated creating the Seaway at St. Lawrence. Other lakes that form part of the Great Lakes include Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, and Lake Huron. All the three lakes were at one time temporarily joined into Lake Nippising. Later on, Lake Michigan gradually drained River Illinois. This is where the present Chicago stands. On the other hand, Lake Huron drained the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River as well. One can thus argue that the Great Lakes were formed as a result of glacial ice retreating and advancing over an extended time. Currently, the Great Lakes contain 6 quadrillion gallons of freshwater (University of Wisconsin, 2014). Their uniqueness is derived from the fact that all the lakes are linked in terms of their basins. This results in a drainage basin that is continuous with a length of about 2, 212 miles. This path is significant in that it provides direct shipping access to ships going to the Atlantic Ocean through the Seaway at St. Lawrence. The deepest point at the Great Lakes is found at Lake S
Whistleblowers are usually people who are responsible and have well-established moral values. These people focus on the long-term consequences of unlawful actions rather than authority and power. Whistleblowers are good at solving ethical dilemmas, as every case is associated with the conflict of interests. Thus, the whistleblower may feel compassion for the offender and be reluctant to unveil fraudulent activities. However, these people also see that, if unstopped, the offender may continue wrongdoing and cause more damage to the company. They understand that the company’s responsibility is one of its competitive advantages, and any unlawful activities of top management may harm the entire organization as well as the community (Cihon & Castagnera, 2013). Some people think that whistleblowers are traitors of the company but, in fact, these employees make people (partners, customers, their colleagues, people living in the community) believe that unlawful actions will always be detected and offenders will be punished, which will diminish unlawful activities and increase trust. One of the most important characteristic features of whistleblowers is confidence, as they have to be confident they have made the right conclusion based on extensive research. They have to be sure that they are doing everything right. A recent case of whistleblowing occurred at Dow Chemical Co (Dow whistleblower can pursue unlawful firing claim, 2014). Kardell (2015) reports that Kimberly Wood, who was responsible for investigations of fraud and misconduct, detected the unlawful activity of Andrew Liveris (CEO of the company) who spent the company’s funds on personal expenses. The funds spent by the CEO were “significant,” which made the case quite serious and urgent (Kardell, 2015, n.p.). It is necessary to note that Wood has worked for the company for 25 years, and she has been a responsible, competent, and confident employee. Wood addressed her superiors as this was her responsibility, and she expected the top management would react accordingly as such situations are referred to in the company’s corporate culture and many regulations. In publicly traded companies, such cases should be investigated, and the offenders should be fined and/or fired, as such activities are potentially harmful to investors, and they pose hazards to the company’s development. Nonetheless, the top management did not want to investigate the case further and simply fired the whistleblower. Wood went to court under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The present case can be seen as conventional rightful whistleblowing as an employee unveiled unlawful activities of a top manager. The CEO caused certain damage to the company’s revenue (he could use the company’s money for his purposes more than once) as well as its reputation. Clearly, employees should report if they detect such fraudulent activities. More so, the employee was fired, and she has the rig
Introduction Natural resource curse refers to the contradiction that exists where nations which posses naturally occurring natural resources especially those that cannot be reused such as minerals are usually lagging behind on economic growth and development compared to nations with less natural resources. Such countries are always faced with sub standard performance on economic growth. Quite often, such countries tend to focus more on producing the resource rather than creating job opportunities for its people. This creates a situation where a nation is rich but its people are poor with many of them living below the poverty line. For this reason, natural resources should be well managed economically. Failure to extensively explore the natural resources by a country is another great risk towards the curse. Poor use of the asset may also put the nation at the risk of economically failing in the future. Studies have supported all this as many countries in possession of such reserves as oil have been found to have low income indexes and other effects on the country such as corruption cases. Another very common characteristic of a country facing the natural resource curse is repeated occurrence of violence. Much blame for this curse has been put on the government and other corrupt leaders who misappropriate the natural resources to their benefit instead of using them towards achieving national economic growth and development. Many countries have been faced with the curse. For instance, Angola which is an oil rich country has not been growing its economy over the past few years yet the revenue obtained from the oil has not been accounted for. In other countries such as Nigeria and Congo, the wealth from oil has only resulted to corruption rather than economic development. Another very good example is Sudan which has long time conflicts on the oil reserves something which has forced the country to separate into southern and northern entities due to generation of violence on the control of the oil reserves (Palley 1). Effects of natural resource curse Many countries in possession of natural resources are at the risk of conflicting within themselve
Cathy Song is one of the most popular poets whose works have been highly recognized in academic circles, and many people still enjoy reading her literary works even today. In 1955 she was born at a place called Honolulu in Hawai’i. “She later went for her studies at Wellesley College in America where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1977” (Nina, 1999). She also did a Masters degree at Boston University and graduated in 1981. She started developing her skills in poetry while in high school and she continued writing even in college. Her literature works came to the limelight in 1983 when she wrote a poem called “picture Bride” (Nina, 1999). “This poem became the best during that year, and she won the Yale series of Younger Poets competition that was indeed a very prestigious national poetry award” (Song, 1983). Most of her poems majorly revolve around multicultural and family issues. She used her poetic skills to express her passionate feelings of multiculturalism. For example, she was originally an Asian but she embraced western culture when she went to America. She was one of the poets who extensively participated in Asian American poetry, which is one of the schools of thought used in writing poems in U.S.A. Most of the poets who subscribe to this school of thought majorly examine the idea of cultural diversity. Another characteristic of this school of thought is that it widely recognizes the importance of involving women in writing poems as can be seen in the case of Cathy Song. Her works acted as a great source of inspiration to not only American women, but also to other poets who were not Asians. “Asian Americans generally have resisted the common stereotypes as the exotic or good minority, but they have made a comparison between Asian and Western literary traditions” (Song, Cloud moving hands (pitt poetry series), 2007). One of Cathy’s most striking poems is called “Picture Bride” and it can be analyzed as follows. Picture bride is a free verse poem which has a tot
Art and architecture have always exerted a predominant influence in various fields of a country, especially in moulding a particular culture. As the study of the culture enables one to have a clear assessment regarding a country and its people, the study of Thailand culture is capable of revealing a clear background of its people and their talents in art and architecture. One is aware of the fact that in the formation of the culture of a country, different religions and their places of worship play a very prominent role. Many historical studies have identified the remnants of a rich architecture and sculpture that existed in Thailand before hundreds of years. Recent studies conducted in Thailand are explicable of the inbred engravers who could design temples and other places of worship by strictly following the ancient model. This paper is an attempt to make an overall assessment on the social, religious, cultural ideologies of Thailand, giving special attention to its art and architecture. When attempting a discussion about Thailand temple architecture, it can be seen that Buddhist temples have a higher place in the Thai temple architecture. It is either small or big in size and follows a common architectural structure. Wat is the common form of temple found in Thailand, w
It goes without saying that ceramics originates from China. For several centuries, Chinese emperors were the exclusive distributors in the medieval world. In this regard, this paper aims at the investigation of a piece of Chinese artwork resulting in historical analysis of the civilization. A historical path of Chinese ceramics development goes back several millennia. In particular, visiting the online British Museum, it seemed appropriate to choose one piece of art for the further analysis. The following is an ewer related to the Song Dynasty and created between 11thC and 12thC in Hebei province (Figure 1) 1 : Figure 1. Ewer of Song Dynasty period. That period of China was very intense and devoted to improving the quality of the vessel and the glaze and to the search for new forms and artistic techniques 2 . Therefore, the selection of this piece of art is adequate and justified. In the world of tableware made of clay, its surface was bumpy and rough. Around 900, during the Song Dynasty, Chinese artisans learned to make dishes from kaolin – white clay. Artisans painted and coated their graceful works with a special glaze making each product a work of art. First, emperors built factories that produced porcelain only for their palaces. After that, porcelain production became one of the main industries in the country. Forms of Song Dynasty have an amazing simplicity, tranquility, and steadiness. The greatest achievement in ceramics of that period is perfection embodied in the decoration of exclusively ceramic opportunities offered by the material 3 . In this connection, the vessel reveals the most simplicity in its form. To make the dough plasticity of porcelain, Chinese handymen left it to mature and intensively stirred. Sometimes, they kept the dough for several decades. As a rule, artisans manufactured vessels on a potter’s wheel but primarily compression-molded or sculpted by hand. According to information provided by the British Museum, “the well-organized production of Ding ware, its lightness of body, the flair of its ornament, and its long-lasting status make it probably the single most important Chinese ceramic type” 4 . Structure, colors, and forms of cerami
Introduction The issue of nosocomial infection management is rather serious across the healthcare projects and programs implemented in the USA. In this respect, the rates of mortality and morbidity from such a kind of infection are very high (Wisplinghoff et al., 2004). The whole body of Medicare in the US should pay more attention to this aspect of direct danger for patients. To say more, the concept of nursing is under revision today. As the closest to patients, nurses should get through a sort of procedures to verify, for instance, general hygiene, sterilization of all appliances, etc. Unfortunately, nosocomial infections still take place within the healthcare system of the United States. It means that people are not guaranteed to be healed after intensive treatment and care in a hospital. It reflects on the medical insurance-related conflicts. In turn, it affects the national economical stability across the country. Moreover, the problem should be resolved from the inside out. It means that the survey touches upon the specific gram‐negative bacilli, nosocomial bloodstream, and intravascular catheter-related infections. Based on these three areas of infection the discussion follows up the outcomes of the nosocomial infection in its four main types, namely:   * Pneumonia;   * Surgical site infection (SSI);   * Urinary tract infection (UTI);   * Bloodstream infection (BSI) (Gaynes et al., 2005). Hence, this term paper considers clinical resources, effective methods to cure the outcomes of nosocomial infection, and health promotion resources. The danger of infection can be formidably reduced when applying prophylactic measures and effective approaches in treating patients timely. Body paragraphs A hospital-acquired infection is the result of gram-negative organisms. Nurses are at risk to cause trouble to a patient using a neglectful attitude to duties. It means that clinical nursing issue of checking up appliances to work with and conditions for patients’ care. In this respect, the growth of bacilli in the organism will debilitate on top of that weakened immunity of a patient. The result is that gram-negative aerobes and pathogens attack the life-supporting systems of the human organism (Gaynes et al., 2005). Hence, nurses should be aware of the ways for nosocomial infection to affect
The organization has a social entrepreneurship business model. Such model presupposes coming up with the basic element of business – value proposition (Horn, 2017). As it is shown in Table 1, value proposition is concerned with providing access to pure water to poor regions of Ghana. Social entrepreneurship is gaining popularity due to several factors: it keeps business owners motivated and enables them to help others, it organizes a link between people and their life goals, and it brings happiness and satisfaction. Finally, this business model is the most popular in the modern market (Fox, 2016). The business model of PHW is relatively sustainable. It is capable of paying the expenses and will eventually make a profit for the business owners. The project has proven its sustainability within the first five years of existence and continued to strengthen its positions. The scale of the enterprise will be governed through the growing pace of a number of purchased filters. The ultimate scale of enterprise will be gained when all people in Ghana obtain access to pure drinking water. The implementation of the business model will make a significant impact on a serious problem of the modern world. The issue of insufficient household water amount is an acute problem in many regions of the world. If the model is carried out successfully, it will produce several major positive outcomes. Firstly, it will solve the problem of household water in Ghana. Secondly, it will encourage the creation of similar projects in other parts of the world which have similar troubles. Recommendations The would-be entrepreneurs should thoroughly consider the opportunities to further develop the project’s sustainability. Also, they should come up with the ideas for increasing the production and distribution abilities (Nelson, Ingols, Christian-Murtie, & Myers, 2011). The weaknesses of the project include the absence of a detailed supply chain and associated management (Nelson et al., 2011). To fund the venture, it is necessary to engage sponsoring organizations and also invite stakeholders. To grow the enterprise, first of all, it is necessary to implement all elements of the business model. The would-be entrepreneurs need to take care of sustainability issues and ensure a sufficient amount of their product (filters). The organization should spread people’s awareness of the opportunities it suggests. The business model is motivated by a very strong social aim, and it should make various organizations aware of its activity to engage them in the venture. I would invest in this venture based on several reasons. First of all, the project has proven its sustainability and opportunities for progress. The mission of the venue is clearly stated and aims at providing economic growth within a reasonable time frame. However, what makes the biggest impact on my decision is that the project has a very noble mission. Combined with wise government and a detailed business model, the project will bring both financial and emotional positive outcomes.
Many organizations nowadays are faced with challenges in management due to continuous changes taking place in the market. This means that to direct the activities within an organization towards the right channel the leader should have a tough role in accomplishing all these. In most cases often used by people interchangeably. In the real sense, they are two different things altogether. Leadership is just one of the numerous and important skills that a manager must possess to ensure possible growth in the organization. Therefore for a manager to perform his role effectively he should have various leadership qualities. Most of our hospitals today are faced with quite a several organizational changes that need to address the customer’s demands, cost-cutting issues, and the general improvement of services in the healthcare systems. (William, 2005, p.34). This, therefore, means that the physiotherapist managing the physiotherapy team should have various leadership qualities in the execution of these issues. One of the qualities he is expected to possess is accountability. The physiotherapist should be accountable for any work done and report this to his manager and the team he is working with. Being accountable will enable him to ensure that things are moving in the right direction hence realizing the organization’s objectives. He should monitor, control and direct the team’s activities to enable them to become effective and efficient in their performance. Another quality of a good leader that is expected in a physiotherapist managing the physiotherapy team is a discipline in taking responsibility. He should be responsible for his actions and duty. For effective competition in the healthcare systems, the physiotherapist is expected to have adequate knowledge based on the current standards of services delivery and competition in the market. Responsibility is also based on the selection of clients according to the clinical needs and possible means of handling the clients. Good leaders are also known to be people with good skills and knowledge in strategic planning. Any organization should clearly define all the activities it wants to carry out within a given period to achieve its objectives. The current evolution in health care systems on delivery of services has seriously affected the management of different healthcare. Costumers need to be treated according to their interests therefore good strategic should be drawn to address the challenges. With effective strategic planning, the physiotherapist will be able to improve the services offered in the clinic. Good strategic planning is best summarized in SWOT analysis. The physiotherapist managing the physiotherapy team therefore should identify the organization’s opportunities strengths, weaknesses, and threats. After doing this he will be able to come up with possible skills in risk management Leadership in most healthcare or hospitals is also affected by gender differences. Even in society women are always looked down upon.