ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The first half of nineteenth century witnessed the prosperity of slavery institution. The supporters of slaves sought for a single opportunity to justify their rights to use humans for their own purpose. They use religion and legal arguments in order to encourage the slaves. The encaged people were subjected to unendurable tortures and even to the sexual abuse. The master-slave relations that implied enslavement and sexual exploitation gave rise to narratives of ex-slaves that suffered pain and incessant humiliation from their white owners. Regarding that, the stories of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass reflect the true picture of those horrible events. Both authors highlight the repulsive treatment of slaves that was based on the master’s feeling of hypocrisy and superiority. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is the story of the fight for civil fights and racial injustice. Douglass describes the horrible conditions and brutalities that he had to experience. However, his childhood could be described as the most favorable time for him as he lived with his mother and later with his grandmother Betty Bailey. The narration is also about Frederick’s enslaved existence and his escape in 1838. Living in the era of the Civil War and the era of suffering, Douglass presented a bright testimony of those abhorrent events. The book is also a confession about the most painful moment of Douglass’s life. In that regard, Frederick writes: “I had been at my new home but one week, before Mr. Convey gave me a very severe whipping, cutting my back, causing the blood to run, and raising ridges on my flesh as large as my little finger” (Douglass 56). As it could be viewed, these times were the hardest and the most “awkward”. Harriet Jacobs reminds in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl the horrible picture of physical violence and sexual abuse inflicted on female slaves. Incidents in the life of a slave girl by Harriet Jacobs is a true story of a young girl that suffered pain so that the main reason for her writing was to awaken the compassion in other women and incentive to rebel. Harriet bravely resorts to the terrible details of sexual violence and women’s humiliation. In their narratives, both authors describe the grief of the loss of parents as they both were subjected to slavery since their childhood. Hence, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass runs about the hard fate of the slave whose father was a white slave owner and overseer. In that regard, Douglass writes “…the shareholder, in cases not a few, sustains to his slaves the double relation of master and farther” (Douglass 11). Frederick was too young to be separated from his family and therefore that was the most upsetting experience in his life. The same doom was destined for Jacobs. In her narrations, discloses the
Osteoarthritis is a disease that affects people all over the world, but is frequently mishandled within the healthcare system. It is one of the most common causes of disability in older persons, resulting in pain, loss of function, and a lower quality of life. On a societal level, the condition is predicted to cost $303 billion in medical bills and lost wages each year (Abramoff & Caldera, 2020). This chronic, severe disease requires continued efforts to limit its incidence, pain, and loss of function. Osteoarthritis is known for its degenerative effects on articular cartilage, which becomes significantly damaged over time. The smooth cartilage at the ends of long bones and within the intervertebral discs is known as articular cartilage. It provides a low-friction articulation surface while being able to transmit large loads. Even while the collagen in cartilage has a lengthy half-life, it repairs slowly, if at all, even with slight injuries. Although the cartilage transforms the most, the entire joint, including the synovium, joint ligaments, and subchondral bone, is impacted. Osteoarthritis is often overlooked, despite its significant personal, economic, and societal costs. Even though osteoarthritis frequently coexists with heart disease, diabetes, and mental health issues, and can aggravate the morbidity and mortality associated with these ailments, it is not included in worldwide strategic plans for noncommunicable diseases. Patients and practitioners may be affected by therapeutic nihilism, with misconceptions that osteoarthritis is an unavoidable component of aging and that there are no viable therapies (Abramoff & Caldera, 2020). The affected people are frequently misinformed about treatment options. Current health-care approaches can range from ignoring essential treatments like exercise, weight loss, and education to using expensive, unproven medications for late-stage disease. I find this issue to be the most interesting, although unfortunate, element of both the article and the condition’s perception. I believe that rehabilitation counselling could combine physical and psychological aid to help patients with osteoarthritis and its various consequences. Reference Abramoff, B., & Caldera, F. (2020). Osteoarthritis: Pathology, diagnosis, and treatment options. Medical Clinics of North America , 104 (2), 293-311.
What an Earthquake Disaster Is In general terms, a disaster is any event that has the aptitude to impede the conventional functioning of society. This is relative to economic, political, social, and socio-economic activities. An earthquake refers to the destructive trembling of the ground for a prolonged or short-lived period. Therefore, an earthquake disaster infers abrupt and immense shaking of the ground for a duration and magnitude that can infringe the day-to-day activities. An earthquake mishap can raze buildings and infrastructure and consequently result in injuries and fatalities. An earthquake disaster might also result in auxiliary crises such as explosions and diseases stemming from radiation. The Top Injuries to Expect in an Earthquake Disaster As credited above, an earthquake disaster causes the tumbling of buildings and various infrastructures such as bridges. Therefore, injuries in an earthquake catastrophe significantly emanate from the collapsing buildings and structures. People trapped in such situations can easily be hit by chunks of falling walls and heavy objects as they drop due to the violent shaking (Renfrow, 2019). In addition, the injuries would ensue from being pierced or cut by sharp metal and flying glass. The subsequent effects would range from internal bleeding to bone fractures to extreme blood loss (Renfrow, 2019). In cases where people are trapped in submerged debris, one might suffer from unconsciousness because of the deprivation of oxygen (Renfrow, 2019). Furthermore, an individual is also susceptible to a shock because of the whole traumatizing experience. The Necessary Medical Equipment and Supplies in an Earthquake Disaster The ripple effects of the injuries that would be sustained in such a crisis are internal bleeding, bone fractures, and blood loss. The hospital herein needs to have sophisticated imagery devices that can detect internal bleeding and bone fractures (Renfrow, 2019). Internal bleeding and bone fractures can be deadly, especially if they occur within the brain and the skull. The hospital also needs to have a reliable blood bank that can serve hundreds of people. Furthermore, the blood bank needs to have a sufficient amount of blood for the blood groups that are rare (Renfrow, 2019). Medicines such as painkillers and antibacterial need to be available for the treatment of deep and open wounds (Renfrow, 2019). In terms of supplies, the hospital needs to have a reliable supply of clean water and healthy food. The Roles of Healthcare Professionals in an Earthquake Disaster The first role of healthcare professionals in triage and interventions during an earth
Introduction Different myths explain the existence and formation of a rainbow. However, modern meteorologists like Author Donald Ahrens describe the rainbow as a spectacular light that occurs when sunlight passes through water droplets in the atmosphere. While the rainbow occurs when light passes though the atmospheric moisture, the arc shaped spectrum of the rainbow results from the refraction of sunlight. Apparently, as sunlight passes through the water drops, it does not only produce the rainbow, but also produce a variety of visual spectacles such as moon bows, coronas, fogbows, and the sweet-colored sunrises and sunsets. Observation of the rainbow (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, 2011, p. 531) In essence, a rainbow forms the sun is shining from one part of the sky while rainfalls, mist, or air borne dew are on the other side of the sky (Naylor, Lynch, & Livingston, 2002, p. 23). A person can only see a rainbow at a 40 o angle of incidence towards the suspended water droplets or mist while facing the sun. From the optician explanation, the rainbow is non-tangible and non-existing phenomenon. The rainbow is simply a distorted image of the sunlight caused by refraction, reflection, and refraction of sunlight. The brilliant colors of the rainbow follow the order of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Thus, this report examines the rainbow in terms of its formation, explanation of its different colors, and the visual spectacles whose formation resembles that of the rainbow. The Different Colors of the Rainbow The different colors of the rainbow occur due to the difference in the wavelengths of sunlight. The raindrops in the atmosphere acts as a prism or rather an imperfect mirror that reflects, refracts, and disperses light. The white ray from the sun hits the raindrop, and its refraction causes it to split into different colors that form a rainbow. The different colors result from the optical color scattering, which depends on the wavelength and the refractive index. Refraction and dispersion of light (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, 2011, p. 528) The violet color, for example, results from a wavelength of 400nm and a refractive index of 1.3445. A wavelength of 525nm with a refractive index of 1.33659 gives a green color. The trend continues with an increasing wavelength, where, a 700nm wavelength with a refractive index of 1.33141 gives a red color. The red color has an angle of 42° 2′, while the violet has an angle of 40° 17′ (Minnaert, Lynch, & Livingston, 2006, p. 19). If the sunlight is parallel, the difference between the angles of the red and violet rainbow will give the size of the rainbow as 1° 45′. However, this is not the case as the rainbow is 2° 15′ because of the half-degree diameter of the sun disk. Formation of the Rainbows: Sunlight Refraction, Reflection, and Dispersion The three phenomena of sunlight refraction, sunlight reflection, and dispersion offer an explanation behind the formation of a rainbow. As a rai
Questions on job analysis Techniques Job-oriented job analysis is a technique used to investigate a certain job on the basis of the activities or tasks to be carried out on the job. The knowledge about the job of Marketing manager as in the case of Jay marketing, help in making comparisons with other jobs in the competitive market. It may also help the company to evaluate job internal performance over the past years. For instance, if Jay Marketers has been experiencing poor performance over the past years, it may be so because the incumbent jobholder has not performed effectively on the following;   * Research and implement effective marketing strategies and best practices.   * Liaison between clients and Jay Marketing.   * Interaction with brand managers to ensure a consistent brand experience.   * Utilizing market research metrics as a measure of success and placement.   * Oversee market research and focus groups.   * Select and partner with various brands to conduct marketing tie-ins.   * Take a proactive approach to problem-solving, and provide leadership in resolving issues within the marketing department. Human resource Manager Questionnaire This method of carrying an investigation on a particular job focuses much on a person’s experience, talent, and qualification needed to do the job. Through this system, Jay marketing might have felt the need to look for a candidate with the following qualifications:   * Experience in marketing required, leadership experience a plus   * Exceptional consulting and account management skills required   * Statistical knowledge preferred   * Excellent interpersonal and communication skills   * Exceptional organizational skills   * Exemplifies the values of Jay Marketing Job analysis interview This job analysis will still be needed in this company for a number of reasons. First, by its exact nature, this method works well with the activities that inherently require mental efforts. Besides that, activities that may go unobserved over a given year are easily detectable under this method. Secondly, the company will still need this method to carry out comparisons of the data collected between time intervals. This can be done by reviewing the job analysis findings of the incumbent and the immediate Manager. Task Inventory Exercise Hartley (2004) stated that conducting job analysis for every given company has both merits and demerits. On one hand, job analysis is crucial in that it helps in the evaluation of the performance of the people working in that company. It will also help the company to comprehend the analyzed job in terms of results and the methods used to achieve those results. The information received as a result of job analysis; helps the management to make some hugely vital organizational decisions. This will help improve the competitiveness of Jay marketing in the Market. On the other hand, job analysis may be expensive for a company to conduct from time to time. For instance, the process of collecting analyzing, and presenting data requires resources
Social organizations play an important role in helping members of society overcome challenges that could be regarded as less profitable by the private sector and of lesser concentrated benefits by the private sectors. Businessmen thus avoid these issues because there is be money to be made, whereas governments stay away. After all, tax monies would not benefit as many citizens. The needy people are therefore left with no one to champion for their needs. This is the void that socials private and public social programs and agencies come to fill. This proposal illustrates how to establish a social program dealing with educating people on proper parenthood. The proposal is divided into several sections dealing with independent issues. The first section addresses the main problem, second with an analysis of the problem, third with the policy elements of the program, fourth with policy elements, fifth with financing and staffing issues. The Problem American society faces a grave danger of increasing problems in parenthood. For instance, the ever-increasing divorce cases in the country are putting pressure on parenthood. Many are the people who get into marriage without being fully ready or understanding what they could be getting themselves into. There is a need for future American parents to embark on improving their understanding of the best practice of parenthood. The role of preparing individuals for parenthood has historically been left to parents and the involved couples. Society, in general, has stayed away from facing the issue, but this needs to change for American society to start experiencing positive change. Parenting issues usually affect young couples in their twenties and thirties (Harkness, 2001, p. 47). This demographic group is the one that needs to change parenting styles to benefit their children in the future. In addition, the demographic group would form a source of inspiration for younger Americans inspiring them to be parents in later days. This younger set of parents are also more likely to concentrate in classes as they are more energetic compared to their older counterparts. In addition, being the most susceptible to poor parenting and divorce cases makes them more interested in learning the better practices of parenting. In addition, the organization to be established intends to develop mechanisms that deal more with technology that only the younger generation of parents can relate with. This includes the extensive use of the internet as the primary source of information dissemination. The social program intends to address the problem that
Thesis Statement The narrator of “The Sovereignty and Goodness of God”, Mary Rowlandson is a middle aged England born woman who resides in America for a couple of decades and then settles for Lancaster for some years as well. She has a strong devotion to Christianity and strongly believes in the role played by God in shaping people’s lives. The main outline of her writing depicts God grace over life through the enhanced safety and wellbeing and also disappointment or disapproval in form of the existing misfortunes as well as tragedy. She questions her believe and association with the society when she is a captive in the Indian disastrous attack that confronts her. Her perspective interprets that such an attack has a reason of occurrence and her narration depicts the personal aim to uncover the reason. Rowlandson’s search for understanding is primarily based upon the Christian believes. Considering the insight into the seventeenth century, the narrator shows the role of England Kings and the political role. The aspect of demanding leaders who meander in the illusion of entitlement thus the captivation and people’s violence. The thin line between civilization and savagery shown by the author is the force upon the journey to civilization and the twenty first century is a good indication of leadership. Today the narrator’s initial perception of what civilization is has seen radical and permanent changes. She took civilization as that which lacks salvation as indicated in the view of Indians’ savagery as actually having a connection to nature. (Rowlandson, 21) Their eating habits such as feeding on coarse foods like the horse meat show her great concern regarding civilization. She also speculates their violent savages through their constant travels. The writing equally shows some similarities between the Indians lifestyles and settlers. There is great interaction between them and other people and in line with Rowlandson, (17) she also finds herself enjoying some of the Indian dishes and acquires behaviour of callousness comparable to those of her subjugators. There is an overview of the initial perception of a huge distinction between good and evil, or savagery and civilization. The narrator eventually shows the wide view of showing more ambiguity and uncertainty of life. As a believer, Rowlandson shows God’s grace and providence to shaping the world and that everything occurs for a purpose. Throughout the narration her emphasis is upon people’s believes showing the importance of accepting God’s will and aims at making sense out of the believe. Everything in the narrative happens for a reason for instance; the British troops failed to defeat the Indians because they lacked the humbleness and believe strong enough for a rewarding victory. People develop a fear to face a new experience or environment. During their time with the Indians, Rowland and other captives are in a position to gain practical knowledge regarding the natural world. Like the other believers, she is not certain
Introduction The elusive unit charge of an electron was determined by Robert Millikan’s oil drop experiment in the year 1909, a Nobel laureate. As such, in his experimental setup, and with an aid of X-rays and a pair of charged plates, he was able to suspend an oil droplet on a free fall with the objective of establishing its charge. Basically, a suspended droplet was momentarily subjected to varying X-ray illumination to vital in determine the number of electrons. Consequently, he realized that the quantities of charge were a multiple factor of- 1.6 x 10^-19 C. Conclusively, he established that this was the unit charge of an electron (Millikan 24). Akin to Millikan’s experiment, the unit weight of a penny can indirectly be determined by simulation. As such, this simulated experiment is designed to determine this parameter indirectly. Experimental procedure In this experiment, the students were to be provided with an empty beaker of which they were to be weighed and recorded. The beaker containing all the available pennies and, also the beaker plus half the number of pennies were to be separately weighed and recorded initially before the commencement of the experiment. About 15-20 volunteers- students were to randomly pick a handful of pennies in a beaker (one at a time), weigh and record the observations. Fundamentally, all the pennies were to be returned to the beaker prior to a subsequent handful pick and, counting was prohibited. From the
It is arguably true money has an insatiable desire. Marx and Engels condemn money as a means of capitalist exploitation, Lenin wished for a moneyless world. The Nukka Makku people of Amazon forest recently lived as hunter-gatherers did not use money. The ancient Inca Empire plenty of gold and silver was found, however, inhabitants used it for aesthetic value. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the 15 th century from the West signaled the monetization of precious metal. Pizarro King of Castile sent his army to conquer the Inca Empire. Silver rush city of Potosi emerged where King Pizarro extracted silver and made Spanish crown rich beyond dreams of avarice. The earliest coins date 600 BC found in Ephesus later, in 221 BC the bronze coin in China was introduced all of this money was monopolized by powerful sovereignty. During Charlemagne, King of Franks, Europe experienced a chronic shortage of silver. Spain at its silver rush experienced an oversupply which lost value as money. In Mesopotamia clay tokens were used to record agricultural transactions as money, powerful Babylonians as Egibi emerged as huge landowners and had immense commercial interests. Fibonacci of Pisa introduced his book Liber Abaci, published in 1202. It Showed calculations on commercial bookkeeping, currency conversion, and interest rates. During the flourishing trade in Northern, Italy money was lent to merchants on ocean voyages and paid in interest. Jews were usurers as permitted by authorities in the Venetian government. Recently in the deprived neighborhoods of Glasgow, Gerard Law who ran an illegal loan shark for the poor people, interest was extremely high was sent to prison. Renaissance age Medici family left a financial imprint, consolidated political power and wealth-producing two popes and two queens and other rulers. Medici bank was expanded by Giovanni, in 1420 had several branches in Europe. Lorenzo’s murder in 1478 and French invasion expelled and confiscated property of the Medici family signaled fall of the bank. Medici family was a financial symbol in Europe huge in success and power in the 16 th century. Later, Amsterdam Exchange Bank in 1609 was set to resolve multiple currency problems, Stockholm Banco in 1637, introduced fractional reserve banking and Bank of England in 1694 the only bank allowed to operate in a joint-stock basis and issue banknotes. Financial historians disagree on banking growth in the 17 th century was accelerated by