ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Gilson, K. M., Davis, E., Corr, L., Stevenson, S., Williams, K., Reddihough, D.,… & Waters, E. (2018). Enhancing support for the mental well-being of parents of children with a disability: developing a resource based on the perspectives of parents and professionals. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability , 43 (4), 463-472. This article is intended to provide the parents whose children have a disability with the necessary source to be able to handle the process of caregiving. Parents and caregivers experience a lot of stress due to the lack of close communication, socialization, and free time to rest and dedicate to their hobbies. Thus, parental mental health deserves more attention since mental well-being directly affects children and other family members. This independent research was conducted by the primary author Kim-Michelle Gilson who has a postdoctoral fellowship, and his colleagues, who also have academic and practitioner fellowships. Since the article was published in the authorized medical journal by professionals who intended to find a way to help caregivers with their struggles, this source is applicable to the research. Waters, C. L., & Friesen, A. (2019). Parent experiences of raising a young child with multiple disabilities: The transition to preschool. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities , 44 (1), 20-36. In summary, the resource’s topic is about the experience of the families who raise children with multiple disabilities. It discusses how to prepare children for preschool, considering all the limitations that they might face. Ten parents shared their thought and experience on the topic and participated in the survey to find the most significant process elements. Since they directly had to deal with the obstacles and challenges of adapting their children to social interactions, their experience might be valuable for the research. The article’s authors are the doctoral student and the associate professor, who both study the early intervention and educational policy regarding children with disability. Comparing it to the first article, the focus is primarily made on the specific phase of children’s lives when they are still at the preschool age and is narrower for observation. In total, the article gives a more detailed look at the struggles of parents whose children of an early age have disabilities. Montirosso, R., Mascheroni, E., Guida, E., Piazza, C., Sali, M. E., Molteni, M., & Reni, G. (2021). Stress symptoms and resilience factors in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Psychology , 40 (7), 428. The main topic of the article is the impact on the mental resilience of parents and their children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Children with NDD are more exposed to stress and anxiety during the period of the coronavirus pandemic. Their age or sex did not affect the final results, and the Covid-19 was a critical factor. However, those children whose parents demonstrated a low level of resilience eventually affected children. T
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is a leading cause of death and related disabilities than any single disease worldwide. It is estimated that about five million deaths occur annually as a result of smoking (Fagan & Fernander, 2007). In the United States, the use of tobacco has been identified as being one of the most avoidable causes of death with research estimates pointing out that over 400,000 Americans succumb to tobacco-related illnesses annually (Davis, Hartman & Gibson, 2008). The diseases associated with tobacco smoking include; cancer, heart attacks, and strokes. Recent research findings reveal that approximately 25.9 million men and about 22.8 million women in the U.S are daily smokers. All these smokers are vulnerable to heart attack and stroke. Among the young people, it is estimated that about 4 million teenagers in American aged between 12 and 17 are daily smokers. There are various factors that determine the prevalence rates and trends of smoking in America, for instance educational levels and race/ethnicity. In general, smoking prevalence is the highest among people living below the poverty level since they constitute 33.3 % and those with less years of education (37.4%) (Owing, 2005). The research paper seeks to explore the new trend in research on smoking behavior by race/ethnicity and gender over the period 1992 to 2003. It will then explain the impact of the trend on research in the field of psychology. Many researchers have made attempts to explore the various disparities that may exist as far as smoking is concerned. Davis et al. (2008) conducted a research to investigate the current smoking trends and prevalence rates by race/ethnicity as well as gender. They evaluated the statistics for the period 1992 to 2003. Notably, the researchers employed the use of Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUP-CPS). Aware of the challenges that researchers have faced when investigating smoking among the small race/ethnicity groupings, Davis et al. used a significant sample size each year in order to enhance the accuracy and reliability of the research findings. In their article, the researchers provide the most recent smoking trends as well as the occurrence rates for Hispanics and four non-Hispanic races; the Whites, Blacks, Asian and Pacific Islanders (API), and American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AIAN). A number of national institutes in the U.S have strived to minimize the existing health disparities especially among the different races/ethnicities found in the American population (Fagan & Fernander, 2007). These groups have manifested significant differences when it comes to exposure and subsequent consequences of tobacco related health disparities (TRHD). The article discusses the current smoking trends by race/ethnici
Introduction to the Regulation The Highlands of New Jersey performs an important role as the source of drinking water to more than half of the state’s residents. Exposure to the degradation of these resources through land-use developments is dangerous because the residents would face more water scarcity. This called for the need for the authorities to come up with a plan to protect the highlands which also act as habitats for animal and plant species. The Highland Act established a set of rules which were set to be implemented through the Highland Regulatory program. There was established the Highlands Water Protection and Planning Act, N.J.S.A. 13:20-1 et seq exist to protect the open space and drinking water for the New Jersey population. In addition to protecting the sources of drinking water, it could also help by making sure that habitats for wildlife species were protected. Again, pristine watersheds, wetlands and forest lands could also be saved through this initiative. About 398, 000 acres of the over 800,000-acre Highland region land consisted of the Highland Preservation Area whereas the rest would be categorized as the Highlands Planning Area. The Highland Open Waters including natural or artificial water bodies except the swimming pools are also in the Highland Region. An increase in population and industrialization has led to the stress of natural resources which are limited through the establishment of new homes and industries, in addition to expanding the existing ones. Man’s activities can be largely blamed for causing environmental degradation, disruption of wildlife and human habitats, as well as causing pollution and there is a necessity to control these activities. This has called for a need for special regulations to curb the trend. Some activities carried out either initially or developmentally in the preservation area of the Highland Region in New Jersey are regulated to limit disturbance of the forest covers and other resources. These activities include the development of non-residential or residential areas and state entities or local government units. Agricultural or horticultural development and uses are not regulated by the ‘major highlands development’. The DEP Highlands rules regulate individual property which is located within the Highland Planning Area and that individual property located in the Highland Preservation Area if the latter meets the ‘major Highlands development’ requirement. There are however some exceptions in the latter requisite. Background Information Surface water and underground aquifer sources played an important part in the provision of drinking water to the New Jersey citizens through public water companies. Untouched highlands have been indicated by Sean, Matthias, Kim & Daraius to be home
In 21 st century America one can find the behavior of many young men and women offensive. In the good old days gentlemanly and ladylike conduct was the norm and not the exception. But today it would take sustained hard work before one can meet a true gentleman and a nice lady walking down the streets of urban centers like Los Angeles, Chicago or New York. These cities are littered with young men and women who disrespect themselves, their elders and break the law as if murder, drunk driving, and grand theft auto are petty offenses comparable to jaywalking. MTV, the company that can be partially blamed for the upsurge of lawlessness, is trying to come up with a major intervention program and do it in the best way that they know how, which is through reality TV. This intervention program is a two-edged sword, the publicity and the money involved can motivate the contestants but on the other hand the showbiz atmosphere can bring out the deviant and criminal instincts in the said participants to fake it and win without undergoing any significant change from the inside out. The Evolution Before going any further it must first be established that indeed there is a negative change with regards to the evolution of men and women. In other words when comparing the behavior of the men and women of the 19th century to the men and women of the 21 st century one should be able to point out the major differences. Even a basic knowledge regarding the behavior of people two centuries ago will lead one to conclude that in the past, men and women in the Western World are not perfect and yet they strive to have good moral standing in the community. They labor hard so learn about etiquette and how to become positive contributors to society. There is no need to have an extensive knowledge of the past. A basic understanding of the culture of Medieval Europe as well as the religious foundations of America will make it easy to conclude that although not all Americans were saints in the 19 th century there was a great incentive to behave wisely in public. There was a general understanding that women should behave like ladies and that men should act like gentlemen. This can be seen in the mundane things such as their choice of clothes and in the more significant aspects of community life such as faithfulness to ones spouse as well as the importance of staying chaste before marriage. In today’s world all these “good” things are thrown out of the window. There can be many reasons and many factors that contribute to the moral decay of America. But an overview of the problem will reveal at least three major factors:  1. the advent of the Industrial Revolution;  2. the sexual revolution of the 1960s; and  3. mass media. The Industrial Revolution was completed a long time ago but without this economic phenomenon it would be impossible to explain the changes that are occurring in present day America. The Indus
Teenage years are loaded with strong emotions and low moods that often manifest as major depressive episodes (MDEs). Teen depression is rising, affecting about 10.4% of American adolescents and 29.7% of students in high school (Avenevoli, Swend-sen, He, Burstein, & Merikangas, 2015). Despite the high prevalence, it remains an under-recognized mental health issue because adolescents usually exhibit low readiness for treatment. Therefore, depression awareness could help increase utilization of psychiatric services by this population. This paper describes a depression awareness program (DAP) developed using the PDSA model and evidence-based strategies to achieve specific promotion objectives aligned with AHRQ indicators. The Health Promotion Program Adolescent depression is a chronic public health issue. Avenevoli et al. (2015) established that about 11% of teenagers report experiencing MDEs by the age of 18. The emotional instability arising from hormonal changes during adolescence increases the teens’ vulnerability to depression. MDE impacts the individual’s functioning, which leads to family burden, and it is a risk factor for suicide (Avenevoli et al., 2015). Parental and adolescent understanding of depression and its effects may enhance the readiness for treatment. The objectives of the DAP program are to promote the emotional development of teens, facilitate public awareness on stress management, train teachers on handling depressed adolescents, and encourage depression screening. The DAP program seeks to improve awareness and knowledge of depressive symptoms among the adolescent population. It will involve public education through booklets and short films about depression circulated in schools and colleges. Working with schools and other institutions would require participatory policy analysis to develop guidelines and modalities anchored in democratic principles for the program to succeed (Teitelbaum & Wilensky, 2018). Other than mass media, the program will use social networking sites to create awareness and encourage health-seeking behaviors among teens. Additionally, it will also include community presentations and events to enhance individual mood recognition capacity and stir self-awareness. Participants will develop paintings illustrating their feelings or emotions. The aim is to encourage the expression of low moods and treatment-seeking behavior. The role of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) as facilitators (educators) aligns with the DAP program. Community education is an evidence-based intervention for overcoming barriers to the utilization and frequency of use of health services (Brent et al., 2015). There are obvious benefits to early identification and treatment of depression. Working with the teens and their families, APRNs can refer a depressed individual to specialist care for treatment. According to Avenevoli et al. (2015), adolescents with depressive symptoms who had not used mental health services at age 17 were at a higher risk of relapsing than t
The author, Nayan Shah, is a professor of American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California. He devoted his professional career to the research of the politics of race and gender, wrote two award-winning books, and received grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, van Humboldt Foundation, and Freeman Foundation. Back in the eighteenth century, the United States of America was only just emerging as a nation. However, it had already developed a preconception concerning newcomers from Eastern cultures. Physical dissimilarity became a marker to denote the difference in core moral values and was a threat to common standards. The book, Contagious Divides: Epidemics and Race in San Francisco’s Chinatown, is a social history that focuses on the transformational processes concerning the exclusion and inclusion of Chinese migrants in the United States. The author highlighted the importance of Chinese-American activists in the evolution of their status. He believed that they were handling paradigms of the race with great proficiency and proved Chinese Americans to be decent and reliable enough to integrate into society. The book started with the description of the epidemics that broke out at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries in San Francisco. The cases of smallpox, tuberculosis, and other diseases led to the deaths of hundreds of citizens and resulted in the implementation of preventive measures, such as quarantines and vaccinations. Back in 1876, the City Health Official blamed Chinatown and its citizens to be the source of contagion due to their unscrupulousness. He referred to them as the “laboratory of infection” and the “plague-spot.” It might have been European migrants that brought the disease to America, yet the health officials investigated only the ships from Asia. Over the years, people changed their understanding of sickness and began to see the core to health and longevity as the improvement of living conditions, personal hygiene rules, and sanitary norms. The new system was mostly implemented by a higher-class society that contrasted itself to the lower-class one and created “new categories of normal and deviant that were dramatically defined and invigorated by race and class differences.” 1 Another concept that San Francisco authorities were promoting was a concept of “queer domesticity.” Due to the inadequate housing facilities and the low quality of life in Chinatown, they used to criminalize its residents and portray them as a menace to society. Their lifestyle was seen as opposed to proper domesticity and capable of disruption of morals and family life in America. While encouraging the Chinese minority to break unhealthy habits and adapt to the Western culture, the authorities kept on excluding them from their society. Even though it believed Chinatown to be the source of diseases and poor sanitation, the government did not see the solution for an epidemic problem in healing this particular source. Instead of providing the immigrants with decent public health
Introduction In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr (MLK), one of the United States’ most famous civil rights activists in Birmingham, was imprisoned for his participation in a civil rights demonstration in the city. While in prison, Dr. King wrote a letter seeking to address some criticism brought against him by the clergy. This letter from Birmingham Jail analysis essay shall highlight some of the issues discussed in the historic letter including King’s reason for being in Birmingham and why he felt compelled to break the law. Reasons for Being in Birmingham The analysis of “Letter from Birmingham Jail” will help to answer the first question that Dr. King addresses in the letter which is the reason why he is in Birmingham city. This was in light of the fact that he was from Atlanta, and some of his critics, therefore, considered him an outsider to Birmingham. Dr. King asserts that his presence in Birmingham is as a result of a direct invitation by some affiliated organizations across the South. As the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Dr. King feels that it is his duty to work together with his organization’s affiliates . King further states that his presence in the city is due to the injustices and tension that exist therein. He is compelled to be there to offer aid to those who he feels have been wronged by the system for as he declares, “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” Reason for Breaking Laws Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” analysis will also help to define the reasons for breaking laws. Dr. King comes under attack for violating the laws of the land. His critics condemn the demonstration that King is involved in since they violate Birmingham’s laws and cause unrest. Dr. King admonishes his critics for failing to consider the social realities that have necessitated the demonstrations by the Negro community. While acknowledging that negotiations are more suitable, King illustrates that past negotiations have failed to yield any fruitful results. Direct action is, therefore, seen as the only way through which the nation’s conscience to the racial realities of America can be awakened. Dr. King also points out that most of the laws in place, such as segregation and denial of rights to votes for some groups, are unjust. These laws are immoral, and King affirms that he can, with a clean conscience, urge people to disobey such requirements. As such, King’s main point advocates for the obedience of the law as he acknowledges that lack of law would lead to anarchy. However, he encourages the public breaking of unjust laws to arouse the conscience of the community over the particular injustices. “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”: Analysis of Historical Figures In order to analyze “Letter from Birmingham Jail” substantially, historical figures should be reviewed. Dr. King mentions a number of historical figures to support his line of action. In the letter, King points to Jesus, who was branded as an “extremist for love” and subsequently crucified
Additional comments These are additional comments whai are based on the digital and social media strategy presented to Sidra Company. Generally, this strategy is developed to assist Sidra in enhancing efficiency in its operations by increasing contact with customers and employees through social media interaction. This is an important strategy due to the increase in the Internet usage and subscription. Moreover, the strategy is important because customers and employees use the social media frequently, which makes digital and social media the best place to communicate with employees and customers freely and easily. Additionally, digital and social media strategy will enable the company to enhance public relations because it will provide the organization with the possibliity to respond quickly to inquiries from clients. It will also enable the company to conduct reliable and quality survey research based on customer feedback (Wasserman and Kibani 67). How to secure the social media accounts The use of technology is on the rise, this has led to negativity and an increase in hacking. Several companies and individuals have been victims of hacking, which affects the operation of business organizations in the social media networks. The organization should make it a priority to secure the social media accounts to verify that customers and clients trust their communication through online channels. There are several methods that the company may use to secure its social media accounts, for instance, assigning a specific employee the duty to manage the accounts. Social media accounts should be managed by one person in the organization to ensure the administrator of the page is the only person who knows the password. This will protect the password from easy access by unauthorized persons. Secondly, creating a sign in seal will also improve safety of the account. Additionally, sign ins from other devices whach are not authorized by the organization should be detected and alerts ahould be sent to the administrator’s account. These will certify the safety of the accounts (Erik, Muntinga and Moorman 73). How to integrate social media with website contents Integration of the social media and website should be a priority for the organization. Integrating social media with the website content increases traffic and communication in social media. We will design and integrate social media icons on the website that will lead to the official social media pages of the organization. This will enable clients and other interested parties to easily interact with the company from their official social media accounts and pages. We will also design a page section displaying recent and important communication from the social media to enable customers who visit the website to view the trending topics about the organization on the social media (Erik, Muntinga and Moorman 81). Social media account set up Setting up a social media account is challenging because customers communicate with the company using Arabic and English. Social media accounts allow communication in any language bec