ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Research is a systematic process of collecting data and analyzing information in order to increase the understanding of a phenomenon under study. Research involves the extension of knowledge about things that we already know. In this case the researchers seek to improve the information of different phenomenon that we encounter in every day. They contribute in increasing our understanding and also enhance the communications of occurrence of event (Sorenson 2002:23). Research also involves the comparison of ideas of different researchers who may have written on similar topics or events. This helps to bridge the gap of knowledge that occurs as life changes to the technological improvements that occur in the society. Research also involves the examination of different aspects of life and giving answers or solutions to the problems that occur. It involves the investigation of how this aspects influence our lives and also how they can be improved in the future.there are different types of research such as qualitative research, quantitative research, applied research (Sorenson 2002:27). All research reports generally have the basic structure and format that consists of various sections. The basic sections include the following:  1. title  2. abstract  3. introduction  4. Background/literature review  5. methodology  6. findings  7. conclusions  8. summary and recommendation  9. appendix and references. Title The title of a document provides the readers with the idea of what is contained in the article. For any reader to make a choice whether to read an article or not, they are first influenced by the title. This then calls for careful assessment of choosing titles for the documents since they basically market the contents of the author’s books. A good title should therefore have adequate information of the contents of any document. The title page should be arranged in such a manner that the readers can read and understand easily (Sorenson 2002:33). For example, one can place the title on the top end and the details of the author at the bottom end. Abstract The abstract gives a short summary of the contents of a book, a journal or a report. The abstract usually has a length of 100-500 words. An abstract can either be informative or descriptive. Informative abstract provides the readers with the basic information of the contents. A Descriptive abstract is written to indicate to the reader whether the article would be of any interest to him/her (Bordens et al1988:12). Introduction An introduction helps the reader to familiarize him/herself with the kind of information he/she expects to find in an article. The introduction therefore sets the stage for the paper. Within the introduction the author should also give the statement of the problem. This refers to the main problem that
Article Summary In this paper, I present summarized concepts of the article and avail comments regarding specific sections like the findings, discussions and relevance of the study in real-life counseling. Lee and Rodgers (2009) examined the ways of promoting public awareness, effecting change and adoption of policies, as well as enhancing legislative efficacy in societies. The authors introduce their study with a healthcare case study of a 12-year-old boy, Deamonte, who died of dental operations. Although the boy came from a wealthy community, he had never received any dental medication attention during childhood. Such an introduction provides a vivid analogy of the kind of challenges counselors can face in real life. Here, it is imperative that family of the boy will need bereavement guidance and health behavior change. Counselors’ intervention play a fundamental role in creating change in the public arena. In such a view, Lee and Rodgers (2009) consider public awareness to be the foundation of effecting change in societies. Some of the ways of advocating for change and public awareness involve media communications, lobbying legislators, support or creating alliances, and working within the visions to create wins (Lee & Rodgers, 2009). The other aspect is the influence of political or social fragments. Lee and Rodgers (2009) assert that personal attributes are paramount in any counseling practice. Again, there are unique and professional risks that must be ready to face to become an effective counselor in the public arena. The social dynamics are important in successful counseling, too. Content – Personal Evaluation This article documents give very insightful information on the practice of counseling within the public space. In my view, the authors used a pragmatic approach to issues affecting counselors in different environments. First, the introduction provides an intriguing case that allows the reader to relate to the dynamics of a normal counseling profession. One of the strengths of this article is its order of presentation. There is a well-structured variable-specific approach in the authorship. However, there seems to be a missing link from the introduction to the content. The writers need to provide a flowing transition from the introductory to the introductory parts and then offer theoretical concepts regarding such variables with a clear target population. Contributions to the Profession This research provides a critical contribution to the literature of counseling both in public and private practice. Simultaneously, it also bridges the gap between real-life issues and the theory of methods. In the bigger picture, the presented information implies that the professional requires fundamental mastery of the skills in handling people and self-management. At the same, all players in the public domain, including politicians, social clusters and profes
The development and progress of the Long distance trade in Eurasia but and also in many countries have been recorded as a major achievement. Eurasia, a union of Asia and Europe into a single large landmass to form a continent, ranks her long distance trade among the best performed activities during this era. This is owing to the fact that most parts of the world particularly Eurasia started to produce food both for their own domestic consumption as well as selling the surplus. The people of Eurasia also began to adopt other forms of interactions whereby they encountered a more intense contact with one another over longer distances and over wider areas during trade. Comparatively, the long distance in Eurasia developed a few miles ahead of the long distance in the Sub Sahara. This paper therefore presents a discussion giving an account of the faster rate of development of the trade in the Eurasia then in the Sub Sahara. To begin with, Globalization became an eye opener to the long distance trade in Eurasia. Among the benefits associated with globalization was the break down of the traditional boundaries that had initially been created. The breakdown of such boundaries was a major breakthrough in the period of increasing developments in the financial trends across the globe particularly in Eurasia. Most interestingly, globalization as a major phenomenon was realized through the long distance trade which had its roots in Eurasia. The existence of the “silk roads” played a major role in linking most parts of Eura
According to his father, Jackson Jr. is a normal boy. I have known Jackson since his family moved in from another town several years ago; I am three years his senior. In our neighborhood, no one knows the Jacksons’ story. The Jacksons are a modest family comprising of a father, two daughters and a son. Mr. Jackson and his two daughters are fairly reserved while Jackson Jr. is a carefree person. Mr. Jackson is a driver with a touring company. No one has ever seen Mrs. Jackson and since Mr. Jackson is always away on duty, nobody had a chance to ask him about it. Jackson Jr. is the last born; his two sisters are in High School. At school Jackson is an average student, but in his end of term report, his class mistress always urges him to be serious with life since he is a bright boy. The situation is no different at home as he often gets into trouble with his sisters. Being perfectionists, his sisters think that he is an indisciplined and an uncultured boy because of his carefree attitude. However, Jackson Jr. is a realistic young man who has learned to appreciate life as it is. I met Jackson Jr. for the first time one cold morning as I hurried to school, worried that I would be late. As I hastily negotiated a corner, I noticed a tall boy walking leisurely to school. That did not strike me as odd until I got near him. Without warning, Jackson Jr. patted me gaily on my back “What is the hurry for? Take your time” Jackson said to me. I was taken aback. I did not want to slow down since I was running late for class. Being late meant that I had to sit outside the class for a whole lesson and later explain to my class master the reason for my lateness. I was one of the boys the class master was grooming as role models, so my behavior was always scrutinized. Thus, I did not want such carelessness to blemish my reputation. “I am Jackson, and I know you are Clive. I am your neighbor, from three blocks away,” Jackson said with a big smile on his face. That caught me totally off guard. Before I could even reply, Jackson Jr. continued, “Hey, how is your weekend? I would like to have company.” As I was about to protest, he told me that he wanted me to do. I never saw Jackson Jr. again until three weeks later. I had gone to consult my science teacher about the class science project. Jackson stood outside the science department offices. On his face, he wore a carefree expression. He smiled and moved in stride with me asking whether I had free time the coming weekend. The following Saturday morning Jackson Jr. was on our door before the sun was up. I had planed to finish my science project that day. His visit was therefore an unwelcome intrusion. He spent the day watching movies from my decoder. As result I could not finish my project in time and had was heavily penalized. I failed my project as a result. This trend followed for long, and his intrusion was affecting my grade. I seemed helpless before
Introduction This research paper is aimed at discussing the effects that can be produced by the changes in the legislation on the use, storage, and distribution of marihuana. This issue is of great importance to many societies in which a great number of citizens insist on the decriminalization of cannabis. It should be noted that legislators can take different steps in order to address this problem. In particular, they can decriminalize the personal use of cannabis without allowing its public sale. Secondly, they may legitimize only the medical uses of this drug. Finally, policy-makers can enable people to purchase cannabis in some places. The advocates of this policy argue that it can enable the government to generate extra revenues by taxing people and organizations selling marihuana (Caulkins et al. 865). Additionally, such a step can decrease the number of arrests (Caulkins et al. 865). Therefore, this policy can reduce the costs related to the functioning of criminal justice system. Nevertheless, the opponents of the new laws argue that they can lead to many adverse consequences (Harper, Strumpf, and Kaufman 208). For instance, one can mention the increased use of marihuana and other drugs among teenagers (Joffe and Yancy 636). Moreover, such people can become more exposed to the risks of other drugs that produce more detrimental effects on the psychological and physical health of a person (Lader and Yancy 8). This is one of the pitfalls that should not be overlooked. Therefore, there are two conflicting viewpoints on this problem. Overall, it is possible to argue that the new laws will produce adverse effects on the society provided that no safeguards are introduced by the state. This is the main argument that should be examined more closely. Literature review Overall, there are various studies that can throw light on the positive and negative consequences produced by the transformation of laws regulating the status of cannabis. For instance, one can mention such as a country as the Netherlands. To some degree, these issues are examined in the article written by Alain Joffe and Samuel Yancy. In particular, according to the new rules adopted in this country, a person was able to use cannabis, but he/she could be penalized for carrying it (Joffe and Yancy 636). It is also critical to mention that the legalization of drugs in this country has turned into one of the centers of drug tourism. Additionally, the researchers note that the parental use of marihuana makes adolescents more willing to take this recreational drug (Joffe and Yancy 636). Admittedly, this article throws light on the policies of only one state. Yet, these outcomes have been observed in some countries or territories in which the regulation of cannabis was minimized. This is why these findings should not be overlooked. Therefore, by increasing the accessibility of cannabis, policy-makers can
Summary of the Film This documentary illustrates the formation of caves and shows the diversity of species that inhabit them. At first, the authors speak about limestone caves. They note that although these rocks can reach hundreds of feet above the sea level, many were formed under the water. For example, one can mention the famous limestone towers located in Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay (BBC, 2006). It should be kept in mind that limestone is derived from coral and marine shells. Additionally, the film-makers examine food chains in caves. For instance, there are many species such as cockroaches that never leave the cave, and they are dependent mostly on bat droppings. Furthermore, this film shows how people can enter the caves even despite the extreme dangers of such trips. Apart from that, this documentary depicts how stalagmites and stalactites are created as a result of calcium deposition. Moreover, this film shows that caves have been crucial for sustainability of different societies. For instance, one can speak about the caves on the Yucatan Peninsula that acted as water wells. They enabled Maya civilization to get access to water (BBC, 2006). These caves continuously attract divers who want to map them and examine various forms of life that can be found there. This documentary throws light on the way in which troglobites evolved; for instance, they lost their capacity for vision since they did not use it for thousands of years (BBC, 2006). Moreover, the pigmentation of their skin also changed profoundly. The film demonstrates how the organisms that live without sunlight derive energy. Very often, hydrogen sulphide gas helps them sustain themselves (BBC, 2006). Furthermore, the authors speak about the discovery of Lechuguilla which is one of the longest caves in the world. This cave is famous for its gypsum crystals (BBC, 2006). The Chandelier Ballroom is the major attractions that can be found here. There may be undiscovered caves which can be compared to Lechuguilla. Reference List BBC (2006). Caves [Television Broadcast]. In Planet Earth. England: British Broadcasting Corporation.
Prevention and appropriate response strategies are some of the measures that can be taken to deal with loss of data or electronic devices. However, there are other tools and safety mechanisms that can be applied. It is important to be aware of some of the dangers that people are exposed to when they travel and how they can avoid losing data and devices. Some of these risks have been brought about by the rapid technological developments. It is easy for travelers to lose their electronic devices lost or even having them stolen while they travel. Theft cases of traveller’s luggages at the airports have increased in the recent past. Other portable devices such as laptops, phones, cameras and tablets have also been targeted by thieves. Their small size makes it easy for thieves to pick them either from bags or the owners. In addition, they return quick money for thieves and store sensitive and confidential information. For example, it is likely for smartphones to contain apps like notes or email apps that carry information about passwords and other services or log-in data. If thieves gain access to such information and a credit card, then they can steal money from the account of the victim. They can also use the information to steal one’s identity. It would be unbelievable for individuals to travel to a different country without information that they cannot enter into the country because their identity has been stolen. It is surprising that the identity of an individual can be stolen so easily by people with bad intentions. The procedure is not necessarily stealing information from the electronic devices. They could be cases of fake booking sites, keystroke readers in cyber cafes and risky WI-FI. Thieves can access private and confidential details in different ways. Individuals should not be afraid of hardcore criminals only in terms of data security. They should also be careful enough to identify suspicious individuals who might gain access to their private information. Sensitive information should always be kept private (Mickaiel 4). Loss of data and communication devices is an important concern in Information Systems Profession. This is because the profession focuses on electronic data storage and transfer. Data security therefore becomes an important concern. With the advent of technology, methods of data storage have changed significantly. This implies that professionals in the field of Information Systems must look for ways of preventing loss of data and portable electronic devices. In addition, they should come up with ways of recovering data in case of loss. One of the most effective ways of ensuring that data loss does not lead to adverse effects is to have data back ups. When travelers carry files with sensitive information as they travel, they should create back ups of the same files and store them in different places. In case of loss or theft, the back ups can be used to retrieve crucial information. In addition, cloud data services may be of great use to travelers. Different companies offer free services such as Dropbox and Google Dr
The issue of Global Warming has always been thorny, and more so in the 21 st century. Physicists are finding themselves in a dilemma especially due to influence by governments and international organisations with a lot of financial capability, much to the dismay of pioneer physicists such as Harold Lewis, a Professor of Physics wrote a terse resignation letter to Curtis G. Callan, the President of the American Physical Society. He expressed a number of concern addressed to a number of members at the American Physical Society. In his letter, Professor Lewis protested against the issue of undue influence by big money in the world of physicists (Delingpole, 2010). He further noted that Pre World War physicists lived a selfless life of sacrifice, service to humanity, and country. They were not driven by the search for material gain and wealth. In addition, they worked without any undue external pressure. Their independence was respected and protected (Delingpole, 2010). They were able to evaluate important world issues such as global warming without any reproach or political interference. However, things have gradually changed since then. For example, global warming is increasingly turning into a money minting scheme. In this regard, millions of dollars have been poured to influence its reporting and decision-making (Houghton, 2004). Objective debate on the issue of global warming has been severely suppressed and critical decision point is now a matter of a few well-connected members. In addition, real scientists’ opinion has been neglected and at times even dismissed. When the worst came to worse, a few members of The American Physics Society sought to petition for a sober debate on Climate Science and in doing so, underhand tactics were used. As a result, they were banned from having any registered member sign to petition. This was against its constitution. To add to this, secret committees have been formed to advance secret agenda by the top leaders at The American Physical Society. In the eyes of Professor Callan, the rating of the American Physical Society plummeted drastically. Moreover, his confidence in the institution was shaken. Consequently, he no longer agreed with any decision arrived at. This is because there had been unexplainably bizarre scheming by the top echelons of the American Physical Society. They have done everything in their powers to discredit modern physicists, often seen as being less smart than the famed physicist of the old, who stand in the way of self-interest decision making. He could therefore not work anymore for the American Physical Society as it no longer represented his interests, and neither did it project his belief on the issue of global warming. It is worth noting however that the billions poured in the global warming have very little impacts compared to other seemingly major factors. To begin with, global warming is also a matter of scientific uncertainty. Popular scientific press articles over a ten-year period up to 1995 reveal scientific uncertainty on global warming as a
Animal way of thinking has always been a puzzle for humans. People were sure that there was certain mystery in the silence of animals that was necessary to unravel, and then they would get an access to the new knowledge about the world. At present, it is clear that humans can communicate with animals in a non-verbal way (acoustic, visual, tactile, chemical communication) while there are no possibilities of verbal communication. However, the situation can be changed if a system for human-animal interaction will be developed. It is not a secret that animals communicate with each other primarily in a non-verbal way. Indeed, the representatives of one species complex understand each other the best but the most of the animals demonstrate the same behavioral signs to such typical emotions as fear (an intent to run away or bend down to earth), excitement (harsh and abrupt movements), and anger (aggression, intent to attack). If we consider humans as the representatives of another species complex, a possibility of first non-verbal communication between animals and humans can be suggested. However, a comprehensive knowledge will not come by itself – people should use their skills in observation and analysis to acquire a substantial data about behavioral signs of various animals. The auditory or acoustic communication is a vital type of a non-verbal communication. Speaking about people, it is necessary to mention paralanguage. The latter includes the voice quality, volume, pitch, speaking style which the subjects demonstrate during the communication process. In this case, one of the brightest examples of its use in non-verbal communication is a “conversation” between the dog and its owner. It is possible to suggest that the dog is guilty of chasing the neighbor’s cat, and this is why the dog’s owner scolds the pet. Obviously, the dog is not able to understand the meaning of the words, but it is capable of analyzing the owner’s voice tone, intonations, and posture. As a result, the dog receives the information