ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction According to Labrouse (2001), the integration of European countries represents a unique form of governance that has been sustained for the longest time. This integration led to the formation of the largest economy in the world for many years. Moreover, peace characterizing the nations has been a guarantor of democracy in the region. Most European countries have, in the past, enjoyed economic prosperity and democracy. However, they are characterized by distinctions in the political parties and electoral systems. In addition, the countries exhibit differences with regard to the level of growth in the economic sector. Krieger, Kesselman, and Joseph (2013) state that France is highly influential in Europe, and it is known as the most modernized nation in the world. The country is classified as the sixth-largest economy, and it comprises of a presidential and parliamentary system of government. In reference to Krieger, Kesselman, and Joseph (2013), Germany’s population is the second-largest in the world, and its economy is the largest in the Euro Zone. Additionally, it is the third-largest economy in the world based on market exchange rates. The cooperation between the two countries has greatly improved in the past, and this has promoted their integration of the European Union (Labrouse, 2001). The aim of the current research is to compare France and Germany in terms of their political parties, electoral systems, and economies. The research also looks at the accountability, stability, and democracy of the electoral systems. Political Parties in France and Germany It is important to assess how the political systems in the two countries function in a bid to gain an understanding of the political parties and the electoral systems. The political systems in Germany and France are distinct and are characterized by different levels of democracy. In reference to Krieger, Kesselman, and Joseph (2013), the French Republic comprises of a federal and parliamentary system of governance. The French Prime Minister and the President share governance responsibilities. The current political system is biased based on the amendment of the constitution in 1958. Schmitt (2005) indicates that the French president is elected for a duration of five years and acts as the head of the nation. Moreover, the president has the power to appoint the prime minister after consultation and approval from the parliament. While the president is in charge of defense and foreign policy ministries, the Prime Ministers are in charge of the domestic issues. The parliament is the legislative arm of the government and constitutes the senate and the national assembly. Knapp and Wright (2006) note that the stability of France is determined by the President and the Prime Minister. Over the years, the relation has been characterized by conflicts and instability due to its competitive nature. This political situation has affected the effectiveness of governan
Introduction Sport plays an important role in the maintenance of people health. However, the sport and fitness activities can be harmful if people do not adhere to the specific regimes, pace, or do not know about the contradictory evidence for certain sport activities. That is why the specialized literature can help a lot to know how to engage in sports without harm for your health. The book Fit and Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness by Thomas D. Fahey, Paul M. Insel and Walton T.Roth is one of the best guides for the followers of the healthy way of life. The Brief Content of the Book The book Fit and Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness encompasses a broader look at the physical activity and its specific features than many other works on the topic. In particular, the authors of the book tried to explain the causes of major diseases and to describe the necessary sport activities to prevent and overcome them. hey expressed the medical point of view in the book. Besides, they referred to the statistical data making their conclusions and advice more persuasive and valuable. In particular, the presented summary of the leading clauses of the death in the United States in 2009 were characterized by the lifestyle factors contributing to them. The analysis allowed formulating the principles of the healthy way of life to which everyone should adhere. The behavior approach to wellness is one of the main concepts introduced in the book. It can be described as “moving in the direction of wellness means cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones” (Fahey et al. 12). This concept applies even to the fitness activities and the authors of the book explain how to create a Behavior Change Workbook and to make daily fitness enjoyable for you. Fitness can be defined as a good state of the organism and healthy physical condition, primarily due to the proper nutrition and exercise ( Fitness par. 1). The benefits of physical activity are numerous: the increase in the muscles strength, the reduction of the risk of depression, the improvement of the circulation of the blood, and many others ( The Benefits of Physical Activity n. pag.). Thanks to the conception developed by the authors of the book, I used to manage my wellness more effectively. After reading the book, I became more conscious towards my health and the advice presented by the authors helped me to recognize that al
The industry is liberalized with several electricity firms operating freely in the market. Companies acquire one another without restrictions with the aim of improving their market share. Others merge with the same objective. Maybe the only tough government regulation is the EU legislations on the environment. There are many methods of generating electricity i.e. power stations, nuclear, coal and renewable. Coal is one method that is not environmentally friends and the companies have been warned against emitting harmful emissions to the environment. British energy is largest producer or generator of electricity with over five thousand trained and skilled professionals. They own and run nuclear stations, coal power stations, gas-fire stations and other small projects. They have their headquarters in Livingstone Scotland and branches in barnwood, Paddington, east bilbride and Reinfrew British energy involved a major corporate restructuring of two public utility enterprises, the nuclear electric and Scottish energy. According to Mclaney (2006) corporate restructuring is pursued for the purpose of maximizing shareholders wealth and for providing a dynamic and flexible economic environment. Further it brings a greater achievement in corporate governance issues of the companies in the conduct of the reorganized business. In this case the reorganization in UK electricity industry, to produce British Energy acquisitions fell into three categories. These are the horizontal structures, vertical structures and mixed structures. The horizontal structure is where one electricity firm owns directly controlling interest in more that one subsidiary. This may be illustrated as follows for illustrative purposes only. Figure 1. Power Gen. Interpreted, it would mean that power Gen has acquired 80% o
Introduction The release and sharing of news on the internet have become a recent trend globally. This has been aided by the technological revolution that has seen the increased use of the internet. The news released on the internet is unreliable, and there is a need to control this due to the minimal credibility associated with such a release of reports. The lack of credibility is correlated with the freedom, access, and influence the internet confers to individuals. Background of the Subject The release of fake news has been on the rise in the last few years, with people posting different ideas on the internet. The internet sites include social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Other people have created their websites, owing to the increased ease, and share their reports there. Fake news has recently included death reports of people who are alive and well (Moravec et al., 2018). Other people have shared news of famous personalities being involved in accidents, while others have released fake reports of certain people visiting some places. Such fake news has sparked conversation and massive misinformation across the areas involved and the people concerned. The use of the internet as a source of news has been on the rise with the increased reach of the internet. The scope is partly facilitated by the low cost of internet access and the acquisition of internet devices (Narwal, 2018). The shift to reliance on the internet for news can also be explained by the amount of time spent on the web and how quickly news arrives on these sites. Main Arguments One of the main reasons why news from the internet is unreliable is due to the tendency of individuals and organizations to seek publicity. Hosts of online reports post news that is either false or provides a catchy caption that is meant to capture the attention of the audience and have fans talk about the report (Osatuyi & Hughes, 2018). This tendency to provide controversial headlines while the actual data is different enables personal online reporters to gain engagement. Some people do not seek the full report and are inadequately informed by the headlines. This means that such audiences are massively misinformed on essential topics. The purpose of internet news reporting, in this case, is not to inform people but to seek popularity. The popularity permits these sites to gain many followers and increase their financial capacity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this was an outstanding feature of online news sources (Adharsh & Goswami, 2020). They published false reports by providing catchy and unverified headlines to ensure that people were thrilled. A second reason why news from the internet is mainly unreliable is due to the minimal effort incurred in verifying the reports published. Many online sites are usually in a competition to break the news on a particular topic first (Torres et al., 2018). This enables outlets to publicize their brand and gain a competitive advantage over other sites. The news published by online reporting sites is usually based on mere hearsay or copied reports from other unreliable publications. This lack of effort from these sites to correctly publ
Introduction In the article, “American Marriage in transition”, Andrew Cherlin, the author, presents an analysis of how the institution of marriage has evolved over the past two centuries, undergoing changes occasioned by a wide array of variables, which include changing perceptions on marriage, job demands, laws (marriage and divorce laws), economic depressions, and the two World Wars. The central argument of this article is that the place of marriage in society, though always valued, is subject to changes brought about when the beliefs and perceptions of a specific generation are replaced by different beliefs and perceptions of a succeeding generation. These varying beliefs and practices are the result of the challenges and exposures experienced by people of a specific era; for example, the pre-World War 1 era, the Post Depression era, and the post World War II era. The Institutionalized Marriage The institutionalized marriage was the type of marriage present before the dawn of the Twentieth Century. This type of marriage was the norm the world over and all of society’s adult members were expected, almost as a rule, to enter into the confines of married life eventually. Marriage was “a ticket for admission to full family life” (Cherlin 397). Marriage in this era was a norm rather than an exception, and marriage was viewed as a strict necessity. The institutionalized marriage was characterized by clearly defined roles for the husband, the wife, and the children. The breadwinner role rested on the husband while the wife was the homemaker. Both the man and woman in marriage were not expected to draw emotional satisfaction from their perceived roles and all parties in the institutionalized marriage performed their roles as a strict matter of duty. Nevertheless, the Great Depression and the two World Wars drove women from homes into the labor market, and this had a major effect on the roles and expectations of both husbands and wives within the setting of marriage, leading to a type of marriage the article describes as companionate. The Companionate Marriage This type of marriage was characterized by a clear set of roles and duties for both husbands and wives within a marriage. Unlike in the institutionalized marriage, husbands and wives in the companionate marriage derived a sense of gratification from their partnership. Cherlin posits, “The emotional satisfaction of the husband and wife was an important ingredient for a successful marriage” (398). The husband was also not the sole breadwinner and the wife could chip in with her income in furnishing the needs of the household. The nuclear family was an important entity in the companionate marriage, and husbands and wives identified themselves with their nuclear set of family. However, soon changes in societal perceptions, occasioned by the effects of World War 2, rendered the companionate marriage largely untenable. Families consisting of partners that were not necessarily married under law became common; the legal restrictions for grounds for divorce became lax, labor laws allowed women more growth in their careers, and even same gender partnership were less frowned upon. These a
Psychology laboratory experiments suggest that at least three factors affect retention and learning: primacy, recency and presentation interval. The first means that human subjects (and test animals) remember what is shown to them first. “Recency” also works to help organisms remember what they saw or heard last. And the longer they are subjected to presentation of stimuli, similar to a longer rehearsal, the better the learning rate. Melchor-Hipólito, Meza-Reynoso, Juárez-Maldonado, Ortega-Saavedra, Cruz-Morales and Arriaga-Ramírez decided to test these three factors in combination with “retention interval” and social learning (82). “Retention interval” equates to elapsed time between a lecture and a quiz while the fifth factor refers to animals seemingly able to communicate what they learned in a flavored food preference test to observers never exposed to the flavors. The time between eating food and meeting uninvolved animals (rats in this case) ranged from a high of 24 hours to as little as zero minutes. The researchers found that lengthening retention intervals diminished the importance of the primacy effect. When the duration of the learning session was reduced, the recency effect became more pronounced. And that rats could communicate the flavor “learned.” Works Cited Melchor-Hipólito, Benjamin, Gustavo Meza-Reynoso, Edith Juárez-Maldonado, Guadalupe Ortega-Saavedra, Sara Cruz-Morales, and Pedro Arriaga-Ramírez. “Serial Position Effects in Social Transmission of Food Preference: Retention/Demonstration Intervals.” Learning & Behavior 38 1 (2010): 80-86. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 2010.
Introduction Constipation is the condition of the digestive system of having less than three bowl movements in a week. On this basis therefore, chronic constipation is a long term complexity of the digestive system which occurs as a constituent of the Irritable Bowel Movement (IRB); thus imposing an ailment in the intestines. More specifically, victims of chronic constipation usually have irregularities in the bowl passages as bowl responds rarely to the normal stimuli. As reported in various cases, many individuals who were born with perforated anus, even if corrected at birth, usually have reversed colostomy at their early ages which may yield to chronic constipation. More so, other characteristics associated with Irritable Bowel Movement are spastic colitis and convulsive colon which revokes the general sensitivity to stimuli associated with bowel movements. This paper presents a case where a four year old female has been admitted in a ward in which she has been reported to be having chronic constipation from the time of her admission, throughout her nursing management till she would be discharged (Connect, 2003). Paper Body Perhaps, Molly who is only four years having admitted in a ward as a result of chronic constipation calls for special attention so as to save her from her current ailments. Having only three months to attend schooling, urgent medication processes ought to be arranged for her so as to give her ample time to attend school being relieved. As reported by her carers, Molly eats fruits and vegetables a lot which makes her to be in a better position of not to lose her sight as frequently reported in many chronic constipation cases. As a matter of fact, the main cause of bowel movement failure is the inability of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to control the involuntary movement of bowel along the alimentary canal. Considering the current Molly’s condition of being behaviorally abnormal, where she takes dexamphetamine two times daily so as to be manageable; an immediate response is necessary in her situation (Troponin, (2000). Certainly, on arriving at the ward, Molly should be administered with muscle relaxants so as to accelerate the process of bottle emptying. In this case, the best medication to be prescribed to Molly is the Amtizas; which have been well known to increase the secretion of fluids on the walls of the alimentary canal. More specifically, the specific version of Amtiza is the drug referred to as lubiprostone; which is the most commonly used an
Typically, defined as pilotless aircraft, drones were expected to be used solely for military purposes at the time of their invention (late 1880s – early 1900s). However, as the invention gained popularity in other areas, it became a common tool for delivering a range of supplies in the fields of science, public safety and commerce (Kim et al. 2017; Wang et al., 2014). Drones are an especially important innovation in the realm of healthcare, where it can be utilized to improve the quality and efficacy of healthcare services delivered to target patients (Balasingam 2017; Matthews 2015). Particularly, one can utilize drones as the tool for assessing the probability of a disaster and the magnitude of its effects (Bhatt, Pourmand & Sikka 2018). In addition, the proposed technology can be applied to the scenarios in which medications and other essential supplies such as blood, vaccines, and packages have to be delivered to remote areas (Lippi & Mattiuzzi 2016; Washington 2018). Moreover, drones are essential for addressing the cases of cardiac arrests, in which patients have to be provided with immediate access to the defibrillation kit (Hossain et al. 2018). Therefore, it is critical to include drones in the realm of contemporary healthcare to ensure patient safety. Apart from the cases involving immediate assistance, drones can also be utilized in the sphere of geriatric medicine. Specifically, by using drones to assist the elderly, one will be able to increase the mobility of the vulnerable group and reduce the exposure to the assonated risks (Zègre-Hemsey et al. 2018). It is expected that, in the future, drones will become an integral part of the emergency healthcare services due to the opportunity to reduce the time taken to deliver specific medical services and tools that they provide (Noi et al. 2017; Cao & Zhan 2018). The utility of drones in the healthcare setting has been explored extensively in numerous studies (Vockley 2017; Irizarry et al. 2014). To explore the issue in depth, this paper renders the findings resulting from using seven search engines and 25 sources. Each of the studies can be defined as credible and academic, being published in a peer-reviewed journal and retrieved from a scholarly database such as CINAHL, Medline, Queensland library, and Google Scholar, to name just a few. Out of 30 studies, 20 explore the situations associated with the management of health emergencies. The rest of the articles dwell upon the problem of delivering appropriate healthcare services to outpatients. The problem of cardiac arrest and the associated CVD is especially common in the discussion of the utility of drones in medicine (Thiels & Aho 2016). For instance, drones can be used to deliver defibrillation machines to the required location fast, as well as determine the location of patients that may have been lost or are difficult to reach (Baker & Manweiler 2015; Cao 2015). Moreover, the significance of using a wireless connection while managing the needs of the specified demograph
Introduction The memoir Red Azalea documents a factual narrative of Anchee Min’s life in the era of Mao China prior to escaping this harsh regime and moving to the US. Min’s story provides her readers with an overview of early childhood memories and a description of the period she worked for the Communist Party as a farmhand and ultimately her big break into stardom in a film called Red Azalea. To date, the memoir’s message is still significant because censorship, speech entitlements, and government transparency continually emerge as issues of discussion worldwide (Lanlan 130). This paper, therefore, examines how Anchee’s memoir elucidates the instability in leadership and its impact on the lives of the people who lived during the Mao era. Leadership Instability In the novel, Min asserts that she grew up wearing rags and going for days without food. She asserts that she was an adult since the age of five (Min 10). At this age, Min used to tend to her young siblings and parents, who, although educated, were forced to undertake grueling and complex jobs for the Communist Party to fulfill the Cultural Revolution’s goals. Min learned to take on a leadership role when she was just a young child. At the time, she saw it as being normal because almost all the children in her neighborhood would take care of their siblings. However, this role assigned to her took away her childhood. Children are supposed to be left to grow up as children and enjoy the pleasures that come from childhood (Lanlan 131). For example, although she was scared of crossing the road, she could not reveal her fear since she was obliged to act as a role model to other children (Min 12). However, Min and other children were thrown into leadership positions without their consent because of the harsh regime. As seen in the novel, these roles further disoriented the children; they grew up scared and fearful of the government. Min’s parents expressed their ultimate respect and fear for the regime. This, in turn, caused Min to follow the same path as underscored later in the novel when she had to forfeit her loyalty to give in