ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The article examines a Facebook live broadcast that remained online for close to two hours, showing Robert Godwin Snr’s shooting death. Facebook remained unaware of the live broadcast until 105 minutes later, during which thousands of users had viewed it on the platform (Newcomb, 2017). Accordingly, it is vital to examine the ethical and legal issues surrounding the incident and Facebook’s responsibility on such matters. The privacy law governs the activities of social media networks like Twitter and Facebook. Breach of confidentiality is a tort action, and the harmed can seek damages (Baldwin, Buckley, & Slaugh, 2017). These regulations control the functioning of social media sites and do not imply that the sites are responsible for what users post on the platforms. Therefore, Facebook has no constitutional obligation regarding what is published on its site because that would give Facebook direct powers to dictate the freedom of speech. Nevertheless, social networking sites like Facebook are morally obligated to report all crimes that happen on their platform. In this context, Facebook has established various community rules that oversee the platform’s users’ safety. Facebook safeguards these rules by monitoring and managing the consequences of events capable of hurting its users. Any user is urged to report any content they believe is disturbing under the corporation’s community guidelines. A viable method is to develop an Artificial Intelligence tool that can monitor all materials posted on the site. The tool should be capable of disabling any disturbing live stream instantaneously using filters. With such a tool, it is implausible that users would be capable of posting disturbing live events or content violating the community guidelines. Additionally, a time delay on all live coverage could suffice as a more proactive solution. Social networking sites can use this delay to erase the transmission and deactivate the user’s profile. As previously noted, breach of confidentiality is a tort action, and those affected can sue Facebook for damages. As a matter of adjudication, the privacy rights include two primary components: a tort action for compensation arising from an unauthorized privacy infringement and a legal pr
Introduction The Great Man Theory roots back to the early 19 th century as populist leaders and the press of the time observed that leaders and their followers were profoundly differentiated through styles of leadership, personality, and mannerism (Snyder, 2013). Born in 1955, William Howard Gates grew much interest in computer technology at a tender age while attending his elementary school. From a humble beginning, Bill Gates had mastered unique qualities that characterize a competent leader. While positive traits such as friendliness, initiative, intelligence and fastidiousness are typical of Bill Gates leadership acumen, being in possession of these qualities alone does not necessarily add up to a successful leader. Given these leadership overtones, it could be exceedingly easy to contextualize Bill Gates amongst the numerous leadership paradigms and styles that researchers and academicians put forward over the years (Snyder, 2013). Researchers have argued that studying Bill Gates leadership acumen can never be complete without tracing his roots as a child with impressive family background since the modest upbringing was at the centerpiece of his making. Gates’ father, William Gates Sr. has been documented to have been a thorough and rapid thinker, while Mary Gates is reported to have been intelligent and determined. Scholars and researchers have argued that these parentage aspects have contributed greatly to Bill Gates leadership making (Snyder, 2013). In his childhood and youth, Gates was encouraged and guided by his parent to think freely, act optimally, and speak openly. For Bill Gates, the floodgates of innovation have been usually open. In reciprocation, Gates would find an opportunity to appreciate the abundance of which life offers. He chose to consider self-discovery to transform the people around him and the world by extension. His youth was a modicum of personal pilgrimage to the top as a global business leader who has endeavored to beckon world attention around his effective organizational leadership acumen and team skills. Bill Gates’ Leadership Approaches Effective leadership instruction has been a success factor of Bill Gates tenure at the Microsoft Company. Bill Gates’ leadership played off purposefully in scheduling commitment at the top of his priority. One sure way Bill Gates used to achieve these endeavors was his dallying with the present-day managerial skills that have become widespread all over the world. These entail performance management on one hand, and balanced scorecard method on the other. To achieve the best out of the two, Bill Gates explored a dichotomy of both to align his characteristic leadership with the company core values. Bill Gates is a modicum of a leader who plied these ro
Healthcare system complexities call for innovations in nursing education to cater to the learning needs of aspiring nurses. Innovative changes in the teaching environment will ensure clinical knowledge acquisition and student engagement. Consistent with the national focus on quality and safety, providing a safe environment that supports experiential learning without compromising a patient’s health is essential. Simulations represent an innovation that allows learners to apply acquired clinical knowledge through real-life situations (Zulkosky, Husson, Kamerer, & Fetter, 2014). This course – Nursing Fundamentals – will employ simulated environments as a pedagogical approach to practical learning in clinical settings. Identify Educational Innovations A core element in nursing education is the application of knowledge and skills in practice, primarily through live clinical placements. However, with technological development, simulation/gaming strategies are identified as educational innovations that can be used to impact student outcomes positively. They offer a rich environment of patient care scenarios that replicate reality and interactive lear
Introduction The human civilization is characterized by its high levels of diversity. These variations which are as a result of our cultural diversity and socialization are not only evident in our ways of life but also in the religious tenets that guide us. Religion is a system of faith that is based on the belief in a god(s) and the subsequent worship of the god(s). People practicing a religion follow practices that are believed to be agreeable to their deity. Holy Scriptures may also exist which are used for worship. While there is no scientific evidence that proves the existence of the gods on whom religion is based on, there is agreement by general consensus that religion plays a key role in our lives. This paper shall give a detailed discussion of one of the world’s major religion, Islam. An in-depth look at the Islamic society and beliefs shall be provided so as to provide a deeper understanding of the Islamic religion. Islam and its Scriptures Islam is the religion practiced by Muslims and the name Islam means “peace through willing submission to Allah” (Gerner 5). The BBC records that the Islam faith has over a billion followers making it the second largest religion in the world only surpassed by Christianity. Islam is based on the teachings in the seventh century of the revered Prophet Muhammad. Muslims are monotheistic (believe in one god) and their core beliefs can be summed up as “believe in one god, Allah, and that Muhammad is the last prophet” (Gerner 6). While many people view Islam as being inherently contradictory to the Christian faith, it is interesting to note that Islam embraces most of the Biblical teachings including the Bible’s Old testament prophets such as Moses, Elijah and Joshua to name but a few. However, Islam believes that Jesus was but a prophet and his message was for people to surrender to the will of Allah and not follow him as Christianity teaches (Ammenah). The Prophet Muhammad is believed to have been the last and greatest prophet of Allah and it is through him that the Quran was manifested to man. The Quran is the Islamic Holy book and it is believed to be the exact word of God. This Holy Book is regarded as one of the few legitimate sources of Islam and its authenticity and originality are utterly unquestionable in the eyes of a practicing Muslim (Real Islam). The Quran forms the basis for Muslim laws and code of conduct. The Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in its original Arabic language over a period of 23 years. In the early years, the faithful committed the Quran to memory both out of reverence to the Holy text and for its preservations since few copies of the Holy Book existed In addition to the Quran, there are other sources of religious material that are held as sacred by Muslims. One of these sources is the Sunnahs which are practices that the Prophet Muhammad carried out in his lifetime and how he acted in his everyday life (Real Islam). These were written by the followers of Muhammad about his life and they provide daily living examples for all Muslims since they tell the story of the great Prophets life history. Another equa
Law has significant influence on social life of people everywhere as well as in Canada. For instance, criminal law plays a very important role in the society by making people know the prohibited conduct in a society, labor relation laws describe the management as well as rights of labor in institutions or workplaces while income tax legislation describes the resources and fund allocation based on income level. According to Boyd (2010), law plays a very important role in the criminal justice sphere where it ensures social justice control, which is divided into four main styles such as reconciliatory, compensatory, therapeutic and punitive social controls. Boyd (2010, p.3-7) argues that reconciliatory type of social control is quite appropriate to deal with some social crimes but for the social control to be effective, it requires the good will of both the offender and the victim. In most cases, it has not been possible because most victims do not want to be reconciled with their offenders but instead demand legal justice rendering the social control less useful. Reconciliatory style of social control assumes that the offender and the victim live in the same place and belong to the same society. Such situation is not true in urban life of Canada where victims and offenders may not see each other again. Therefore, reconciliatory style is can be appropriate in anonymous and less urbanized communities where the offender and the victim live together in the same society. It is also possible if both parties could be interested in reconciliation irrespective
Introduction Human resource management is the aspect of management that deals with the recruitment, training and providing direction for employees. It also deals with the communication, compensation, performance management, and organizational development among other functions. For any organization to perform effectively, there must be an active human resource manager who gives out the company’s directions for the achievement of its organizational goals and objectives. International human resource management is the organization of human resources of a firm internationally in order to achieve the goals of the organization and to be competitive internationally. International human resource management includes the basic human resources functions, global skills, and expatriate management. Performance is a general word that means productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and competitive capacity of the firm. Designing and integrating human resources function ensures the creation of value to customers and helps in sustaining customers’ effectiveness (Khatri 2000, p. 340). HRM practices and performance Scholars studying the international human resource management focus only on the human resource management practices. They provide the concept that the strategic process helps to balance the international and local standardization and adoption of the human resource management systems. Coordination of the international human resource management practices with the strategic management practices enables an organization to win a competitive edge. According to Evan et al, there must be communication, learning and social presence for the coordination of these two practices to yield the desired results. An international organization’s ability to identify the opportunities and the challenges in the industry and in the market in which it operates enables it to apply innovative practices to maintain or improve its position in the market. Therefore, the human resource management practices contribute to the productivity of any international and local organization (Guest 1997, p. 276). International organizations should be able to operate in the competitive environment and balance the diverse economic, social and political factors with the requirement of the market in which they operate. Human resource management practices are largely involved in the performance of the firm. Like in the Japanese firms they believed that their performance depends on the effort of the human resource managers. A research that was done in the some Indians hotels also supported that the practices of the human resource management positively affect the performance of the firm. The
The past three decades have been characterized by new concepts that have continued to improve the performance of many businesses. One of these concepts is called lean thinking (Wood 2004). Pettersen (2009) defines lean as ‘a powerful strategy used by corporations to remain competitive by eliminating wasteful processes that affect productivity’ (p. 129). The model has made it easier for many firms to achieve their potentials. The development of a lean organization is a process that coordinates the major processes and functions of doing business. The model should be implemented professionally to produce tangible goals. Lean thinking is embraced by many organizations because it is ‘characterized by fewer resources, time, human effort, and investment’ (Pettersen 2009, p. 129). The other important aspect of lean is that it is applicable in every function of an organization. For instance, companies can use the concept to support their supply chain processes (Prasad & Sutharasan 2012). By so doing, companies will ensure every activity is supported by the major stakeholders. The suppliers will also be involved throughout every stage of the supply chain process. Responsibilities are delegated to different players thus improving the efficiency of the supply chain. Every stakeholder undertakes the most appropriate practices to produce quality results. Critical Success Factors Business organizations and firms should consider various critical factors whenever planning to achieve lean. The first critical issue is ensuring every process improves quality (Radnor & Walley 2008). This idea should be embraced from the very beginning. The organization also empowers its stakeholders using the best resources and ideas (Ho 2010). The equipment used to achieve the targeted results should also be reliable. Initial investments are therefore critical towards supporting the implementation process (Wood 2004). The firm should also use relevant measures to support every production process. Both stakeholders and suppliers must be involved from the very beginning. They should also be informed about the targeted results. The other vital success factor is the focus on innovation. Successful businesses always ‘engage in a practice called continuous improvement’ (Seddon & Brand 2008, p. 8). Businesses can support this practice using adequate researches and studies. Companies that want to achieve lean should also hire competent innovators. Continuous product improvement will ensure the company delivers superior services or products to its clients. The firm will attract more customers and eventually achieve its business potentials (Ho 2010). The other critical concept is called total quality manag
Introduction This paper looks at the definition Primoratz gives to the term “terrorism” in the article “what is terrorism”. It also points out weakness of the definition and suggests possible solutions to the weaknesses identified in the definition. His definition emphasizes on the negative views that the general public holds against terrorism and related activities. Primoratzs’ definition of terrorism Primoratz looks at terrorism as an act of threatening people with the intention of a forcing them to engage in activities that they could not do under normal circumstances (16). Carl Wellan gives a rather comprehensive definition, noting that terrorism includes all activities that cause extreme fear to the targeted group (Primoratz 17). He adds that even though this can be achieved in a peaceful manner, most cases of terrorism are accompanied by violence and destructions. Primoratz argued that although terrorists strike with impartiality because of the large number of innocent civilians who fall victims of such acts, they usually plan well in advance so that the action does not became a liability to them. Terrorist execute attacks, with at least two targets in mind. The first target acts a sacrificial lamb to send a message to the second target that is always directly linked to the first target through ownership. The hit target is usually innocent the destruction caused usually provokes the guilt to take action. Primoratz suggests that the use of the non guilty group to provoke the guilty ones to respond to the terrorist demands is what defines terrorism (16). Primoratz further argues that the innocent people who fall victim to terrorism are only as innocent according to the terrorists’ personal judgment of their grievances.They target innocent people who do not warrant such acts of violence but fall under their clutches. When a terrorist harm or even end the life of a person he certainly is aware that his subject is not guilty in anyway to his grievances, this is terrorism at its worst. Some terrorist use shared accountability as their argument and justification their terrorism activities. This means that even though his target may be innocent, a mere fact that they belong to a certain group to which the terrorist is opposing qualify them to be targeted. There is never an innocent victim as far as this group of terrorist are concerned (Primoratz 19). Both Primoratz and Walter Laqueur agree that some terrorist have used the killing of the innocent in order to create dread, accord them fame and hopefully weaken the authority of a state. However the act of terrorists being consciously selective in their target so that the guilty are spared from direct attacks and only harm the innocent is their bone of contention (Primoratz 19). Primoratz feels that the fact that the terrorists act of indiscriminating against the innocent and the guilty is morally wrong (20). Problems and Solutions to his definition This definition misses out an important aspect of terrorism. The definition does not comprehensively regard the fact that in many terrorism acts, the guilty always escape as the innocent fall victim
Problems described in the case study The Hewlett Packard Company (HP) faces the problem of data management especially in the Information technology departments. Data management has brought about the main problem of the company’s expenditure overall issue. Initially the control and processing of data occurred at various terminals where the system directs one’s request to particular points of concern. This is a major hit to management because of the encountered delays, loss of information as well as total inaccessibility or important data or information. The issue of data warehousing entails the architectural, algorithmic and protocols used in managing data or information. In line with the HP case study, the expenditures were high due to unstructured information technology setting, exaggerated systems in terms of number of hubs involved, amount of servers as well as information infrastructure. Factors facilitating the problem Evidently, from the case analysis, the processing and exchange of information at the HP Company occurred from various processing points as opposed to single repository and processing unit. The excess expenditures were because of multiple systems covering processes meant for one multitasking system. The management failed to deliver due to lack of synthesized system where information is output within the least possible time for use in decision-making. If the managers make judgment from stale and unprocessed data, then the cost is eventually economical. Hewlett Packard Company (HP) solutions to the problem HP came up with the central data depository system referred to as the “mega data warehouse”, which has now become prominent theory in the database world, where direct querying and analysis of information occurs in real time. This has been a major boost on the decision-making procedures since the manager does not require waiting for data to make precise conclusions. Initially as indicated in the case study, the managers were not in a position of finding important information such as the total expenses or total sales for the Information technology department. The system allows for advance extraction of information for translation and production of appropriate output. Comparison of information from other sources is easily for the enterprise when access is from a central point. The logical centralized repository reduces the dormant terminals by converging processes, which can be multi-processed. One major advantage of the central warehousing of data includes evaluation of data. Posting of queries involve direct evaluation at the repository without a need for referencing other original or raw sources. How HP database experience and technology will assist in developing an all-inclusive warehouse Many companies have tried to implement the centrally handled database system without much success. The success of HP enterprise-wide data warehouse brought many benefits to not only the busines