ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Articles to Investigate The two news articles under consideration tell us about Barack Obama’s trip to India. Though both of the articles are on the same exact topic: the historical visit of the United States’ President to India in order to establish mutually beneficial relationships there still are the differences in the authors’ views on the issues. Depending on the own opinions the two authors Julianna Goldman and Sheryl Gay Stolberg recreated events differently, including different issues in order to show the character and the outcome of the President’s travel. The two news letter authors described the events amazingly accurately. This is the main criteria to estimate the relevance of the articles to the pint of discussion. Paper’s Focus Needless to say, the attitude of the author plays the main role in the perception of the information presented. However, the foremost point that is to be stressed is that the difference of one and the same event depicted lies in choice of issues authors describe in their works. Namely, this paper will talk about how the lack of information influences the overall impression from the information told. Of course, the tone of the written works will also be unveiled. Obama Backs Indian Bid for Permanent U.N. Security Council Seat So, the article called ‘Obama Backs Indian Bid for Permanent U.N. Security Council Seat’ does discuss the ultimate purpose of the US President to acquire mutually beneficial relationship between the United State of America and India. The article explicitly praises American President and everything that he had been doing in India for the past three day visit. It is sort of report of everything done for the nation as a representative of the US. The main purpose of the article is to show the President’s best tries to perform the US as the helper to build a democratic, economically empowered, and strategic partner that is India. The leading idea is also that Barack Obama has ensured a bid of India to become a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The language used is extremely official, there are many quotes extracted from the President’s speech, and the overall impression about the professional charges the head of the government fulfills is pleasant. Obama Backs India for Seat on Security Council The second article under consideration is ‘Obama Backs India for Seat on Security Council’ by Sheryl Gay Stolberg. In the piece of this writing the difference is visible to the naked eye. The President’s efforts to establish economically beneficial relations with India and back it up in Security Council sounds nothing more than just a mere twaddle. There is no doubt in such an impression because the language and tone chosen for description are imposing enough. Beside
Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a significant economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The economy heavily relies on oil and revenues from the oil sector constitute between 90 and 95 percent of total export earnings. In addition, the oil sector contributes about 35-40 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Due to its heavy reliance on oil, the country was under pressure to diversify, liberalize and reform its economy. These efforts led the government to put in measures that would encourage privatization and promote investment. The country encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI) as a tool for revitalizing the economy and diversifying its product base as well as raising income and employment rate. Foreign direct investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be analyzed from the point of view of contracted and realized FDI. Between 1970 and 2000, the Kingdom experienced a positive trend in both the contracted and realized cumulative FDI. There were significant inflows of FDI in the early eighties and in particular in the petrochemicals sub-sector. The inflows continued steadily throughout the nineties and skyrocketed towards the end of the decade. Foreign direct investments are an important component of any economy. For an economy to grow, it requires mass
Introduction The judicial system is one of the most important structures in modern society. This system ensures that the laws of the land are well articulated. Judges provide rulings in cases where the laws have been violated or disputes among individuals exist. By engaging in these activities, judges ensure that harmony is preserved in the society and just retribution is served to offenders when necessary. Typically, judges are appointed to their office on a basis of merit in the legal profession. However, this system has led to an underrepresentation of minority and disadvantaged groups in the judiciary. There has therefore been advocacy for some from of affirmative action to be implemented in the selection of judges. In practice, Affirmative Action is made up of a number of measures put in place to guarantee access to some occupations by groups in the society that would be excluded or underrepresented in the positions if no policy intervention was made. I am in support of using the affirmative action strategy to judicial selection in our country. This paper will highlight a number of reasons why some form of affirmative action in the selection of judges would not only benefit the disadvantaged and minority groups but also have a positive impact on the country’s judicial system. A Case for Affirmative Action in Judge Selection An important merit of the affirmative action in the selection of judges is that is ensures diversification in the bench. Diversity is crucial to the effective functioning of the legal profession. Malleson declares that “the lack of diversity in the composition of the judiciary has a corrosive and damaging effect on the works of the courts” (126). Without diversity, there is likelihood that the court will be viewed as a system that advocates for the ruling race instead of an institution committed to dispensing justice in an impartial manner. This is an undesirable situation and the government is therefore keen to bring about diversity. Malleson notes that the continuing lack of diversity in the make-up of the judiciary is one of the major reasons why affirmative action policies in relation to the judge selection proc
Introduction The tourism industry in the case of Singapore is a significant contributor to economic earnings. The absence of natural resources has made tourism a valuable tool for economic growth and development. Steady economic growth, improvements to air travel, and the commencement of budget carriers have increased the tourism prospects for Singapore. Singapore, a small tropical island country of only 617 square kilometers located at the junction of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, has always attracted a regular flow of visitors from all over the world. Visitors traveling from North America or Europe to Southeast Asia usually make a ‘stop-over’ in Singapore. Singapore is a place where “the East meets the West”. Due to the rapid economic development of the region, tourist arrivals in Singapore have increased. Tourism Development in Singapore Despite the rapid increase in the number of arrivals, the tourism industry in Singapore, like tourism industries worldwide, faces a turbulent environment. For example, with the strong Singapore dollar, the attractiveness of Singapore as a shopping haven has been eroded. On the other hand, the number of business visitors has increased with the rapid economic development of the region. At the same time, with several tourist resorts in the region (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines) acquiring international recognition, these new resorts may either draw away potential tourists from Singapore or increase the number of tourists visiting Singapore as a side-trip. (Can-Seng, p. 247) As the tourism industry is linked to a large number of business establishments (airlines, shipping companies, railways, coach and tour operators, hoteliers, food and catering establishments, providers of entertainment and souvenir retailers), fluctuations in tourist arrival figures are likely to have a serious impact on the operation of these establishments. (Time Out, p. 157) Hence, the accurate forecast of tourism demand, especially the demand from major tourist markets, is of interest not only to academicians, but also to tourist boards, tour operators, and business establishments catering to the needs of the tourists. Of the major tourist groups in Singapore, visitors from neighboring ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei, and the Philippines) still constitute the largest group. Other than the ASEAN countries, Japan is the largest market for the local tourism industry. (Can-Seng, p. 256) However, as Japanese tourists generally spend more on shopping, hotel, and entertainment than Mainland Chinese visitors, the Japanese market remains important to the local tourism industry. Research on the preferences and habits
Introduction There have been distressing events across the world where different people have been tortured, abused and even murdered. There was the Nanking massacre where the Japanese country invaded the Chinese city of Nanking in 1937. The Japanese soldiers abused the rights of the Chinese people. There was mass killing of the men. There was also mass rape of the women and children who also ended up being murdered in horrendous death. There are victims of the Hiroshima Bombs of World War 2. The American government released bombs in the cities where there were civilians. There were exposed to the nuclear energy which caused them to get different kinds of cancers. To this day there are people still dealing with the health repercussions. In South Africa, there was the implementation of high levels of apartheid where the Blacks were separated from the Caucasians when it came to education and employment opportunities. They also did not have access to similar recreational and health facilities. The Blacks lived in low socio-economic conditions while the Caucasians lived affluent lives. There was the miscarriage of justice when it came to the administration of justice by the police and courts for the Black community. When the Blacks tried to demonstrate on the streets there were beaten and even killed by the police. There are also the Jewish mass murders and torture that occurred in the Nazi camps. In this paper I explore the similar human reactions of the victims, the victimizers and the governments to the disasters and repression that occurred in different parts of the world. Silence People generally react the same way to horrific events whether they are the victims or are related to the victims whether it is the Jewish holocaust or the Massacre at Nanking. A survivor of the Hiroshima atomic bombs notes that the people refer to be quiet about the tragedy. They do not want to provide incentive or information that can be used by the Western world as material for the fight against Atomic Bombs and in other political struggles. The people do not want to be beggars, to display their misery so that they can get relief funding (Ōe, 19). There are many scholars, experts and writers who do not think that it is wise for the victims to remain silent, they prefer them to talk. The victims however feel that those who expect such actions from them do not really understand them even if they spend the whole of August 6 in the country. Another survivor chooses not to be in the war against the Atomic bombs for other reasons. There is a magnification of the stories of the people who were exposed to the bombs and the tough life they have had after the event. There are no stories of the people who suffered by being exposed mildly to the bombs and recovered their health. There are no stories of the people who suffered in other ways and their life afterwards. Silence is a similar reaction in many survivors of traumatic events in the world. The victims choose to keep quiet due to di
Investor Profile Jessica Brown is a 35-year-old single mother of a 7-year-old boy, Nicholas. Ms. Brown works as a contracted English teacher and has an average income of $3,500 per month (“Salary Expectations for Teaching” par. 3). The client has $10,000 in her bank account, but she is expecting to spend it on living expenses, as she has just recently moved to the UAE. Jessica plans to stay in the UAE and understands the importance of education in the modern world. She wants to save money for her son’s post-secondary education at one of the reputable universities. She needs to ensure that her child has the required resources for the first year of studies. Investment Goals The approximate cost of education at the University of Sharjah is 50,000 AED ($13,000) annually (“University of Sharjah: Admissions” par. 2). The price for four years typically needed to earn a bachelor’s degree will be $52,000. This calculated sum of money is the required amount to be saved. In addition, the client wants to support her child for the first one or two years of education, which will require an additional $40,000 ($20,000 for housing and $20,000 for entertainment and food) (“University of Sharjah: Admissions” par. 2). As a consequence, the required amount to be saved is $92,000. Due to the son’s young age (7 years old), Ms. Brown has ten years to accrue the required resources. In this case, she has to save $9,200 annually, which is roughly $766 monthly, to meet her goal. These monthly savings will help accumulate the required financial resources without substantially restricting her budget, and assist in reaching her goal in time. Asset Allocation Model Based on the factors highlighted above, it is critical to propose an asset allocation model while dividing the investments into fixed income, equity, and cash. The majority of attention has to be paid to the cash and fixed income, and 50-70% has to be acquired from these investments. In this case, the fixed-income assets ensure saving a minimum amount per month and the stability of the deposits (Tuckman and Serrat 1994). In the meantime, using cash guarantees liquidity of the assets and implies that the funds could be retrieved in case of an emergency. At the same time, it requires a lot of time to accumulate the mentioned sum, but it is suitable in the context of the presented case due to the ten-year timespan. As for the equity, Brown should not rely on it but should consider investing in the financial or stock market (15-20% out of $92,000). This investment will help build liquid cash within a short-term period but implies a high level of risk due to the likely changes in economic cycles. Lastly, variable income can be viewed as an opportunity to collect the rest of the money (10-15% of liquid assets) by focusing on turning a hobby into a business. Investment Decisions Based on the allocation mentioned above, the firs
~Surveys, either formal or informal, can serve as effective means for evaluating the attitudes, feelings, values, beliefs, and expectations of a particular sample. By definition, a survey is basically a study undertaken to evaluate the feelings of a target audience or sample towards a particular area of interest (Cohen et al, 2007). The responses can then be generalized to the whole population if appropriate measures are put in place to ensure data validity. It is imperative to note that every survey must have a well spelt out agenda, and details should be made available to respondents to give them the ability to respond to the questions posed The main purpose of this particular survey was to critically evaluate how the employees felt towards workplace regulations that inevitably affect their privacy, and how such practices influence their performance and job satisfaction levels. Today, more than ever before, there exists glaring concerns about conflicts of interest between the employer’s role of safeguarding the safety and performance in the workplace on the one hand and the employee’s privacy interest on the other. Newspapers and other media channels are filled with reports of senior managers who conduct routine checks on employees’ desks, monitor telephone conversations, and install software application programs to monitor computers and emails. We only get to hear of such stories when an infuriated employee files a lawsuit against his or her employer for perceived infringement on privacy (Hubbartt, 1998). The survey targeted the private sector since the workers’ right to privacy in this particular sector is not essentially guaranteed by either the constitution or federal regulations There are many design issues involved in preparing an effective survey. First, it was decided that the survey will utilize quantitative research design since the main objective was to evaluate the relationship between the independent variable, which was workplace regulations towards privacy, and the dependent variables, entailing a multiplicity of attitudes and values held by the employees concerning how the regulations affects their performance and job satisfaction (Hopkins, 2000). Quantitative research designs can either be descriptive or experimental, and this particular survey opted for a descriptive study since it was interested in establishing associations between the above stated variables as opposed to establishing causality. Having determined on
Introduction Psychological assessment is a testing procedure that utilizes a variety of methods to affirm a particular hypothesis about an individual’s demeanor and abilities. The process is also referred to as “psychological testing or conducting psychological battery on an individual and is often conducted by a licensed psychologist” (Katz & Sanders, 2013, p. 225). Psychological testing should never occur in vacuity. Furthermore, to conduct a successful psychological assessment, a complete medical assessment should be included in the process so that the psychologists performing the test ascertain that the participants’ symptoms are not subject to ailments or medical issues. Several instruments are applicable in determining personality, but this paper will focus on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI and its application in determining women who were exposed to sexual violence in their childhood. This paper delves into ethical issues surrounding this assessment and Gardner’s theory of intelligence. It will eventually analyze if MMPI is an effective instrument for identifying women who were exposed to sexual torture during their childhood. Background of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory This instrument and its new second edition MMPI-2 is completed by a candidate, marked, and translated by the assessor. The examiner determines the participant’s personality by comparing the responses of the participant during the examination to those issued by several psychologists and relevant evaluation groups. After evaluating the candidate’s response, the clinicians use the details to determine some uncertain facts about the patient’s adaptation, temperament, and qualities. Most psychologists prefer MMPI-2 to MMPI because it creates an extensive representative population for evaluation (Katz & Sanders, 2013). John McKinley and Starke Hathaway developed MMPI in the 1930s. Under this instrument, participants are asked to respond to 566 false and true questions so that evaluation can be conducted easily. The initial intent of this assessment technique was to assist physicians identify young patients with mental ailments. Textbooks, individuality examinations as well as psychologists’ reports were analyzed during the formulation of MPPI. The data collected from this analysis was categorized into ten clinical scales and every scale had distinguished diagnostic properties that had been applied in the 1930s. As time progressed, the test developed to new versions because of the adjustments that were often witnessed in psychology (Nicholas, 2011). Over the years, MMPI has been helpful in examining symptoms related to slow communal and individual adjustment, evaluating medial clients, formulation o
Introduction The role of a worship team is no longer confined within the bounds of music ministry only. The worship team’s scope has expanded rapidly to consider some of the multidimensional tasks that seek to accomplish various roles within the church. 1 Every worshiping team consists of different functions that must always work together to coexist harmoniously in the church. In totality, the goal of the worship team has always been to honor God above all and tender our worship to none other than to Him. Usually, this warrants team practice as believers, but for musicians, there certainly might be things that they could always do to grow in the church as a worship team. 2 Worship brings within the church a unique aura of identification among the fellowship of the believers. For believers to thrive in the Lord, a strong and abled worship team is always necessary to assist the church in its endeavor to serve God. Music, especially for the sole purpose of worship, is crucial for spiritual up lifting and identifying with God as a worship team. Worship lubricates the spiritual psyche and oils the wheels of narrative through music. 3 Music in turn conducts the emotional responses, regulates our sympathies, extracts our tears, and excites our glands while rejoicing in the Lord. Music in its intrinsic nature, relaxes our pulses, and triggers our fears, in conjunction with the image and in the service of the larger purposes of our faith. No element of human creativity dutifully captures our relationship with God than the words of portrayed in a worshiping choir, especially where artists and audiences share similar spiritual and religious orientation. Whereas not all music seeks to explore the linkage between man and God, there simply appears to be a strong bondage between hymns of worship and their reception to the church. 4 Much of the worship seeks to explore the interpretation of man to the Kingdom of God, all of which is dependent on the religious niche to which the worshiping music is made. Inasmuch as music may not necessarily be the central theme in contemporary spirituality, it is fit to say that worship excels through music. 5 Many studies have been done on a wide variety of themes, and these are often published in specialized journals beyond the gaze of mainstream Old Testament pedagogy, and usually as a way outside the liter
In most cases, there is no time for deep analysis on which decisions can be based. Many managers make decision shortcuts, neglecting potential risks. Eventually, such a practice resulted in creating a set of rules that help managers make effective decisions very fast. The main goals of this paper are to discuss this issue, referring to examples from real life and apply specific steps for evaluating the effectiveness of an important decision that is made quickly and frequently. What is an Important Decision That Needs to Be Made Frequently and Quickly? Put prices on food and beverages in restaurants. What Is the Decision to Be Made? There is a rule of thumb in restaurant pricing: price on food should be three times higher than its direct cost, beer– four times, and liquor – six times. Also, direct food cost should not be more than thirtypercent of food sales. How Frequently does This Decision Need to Be Made? This decision should be made each time when a new item is about to be introduced to clients. Analysis If time was not an issue, this decision would require profound analysis of resources andthe current situation on the market. However, in restaurant business new items appear very often, thus there is no time to conduct