ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Although scholars and environmental experts are in agreement that environmental education plays a key role in assisting young people in comprehending the nature and complexity of environmental challenges and in developing their capacity to take appropriate action (Rickinson, 2001), there appears to be a disagreement on the best ways and methodologies that could be used to transfer such knowledge to students (Ceasar, 2012). For example, to date, there are no universally agreed methodologies that teachers can use to teach students about global warming in spite of the fact that the gradual rising of the world’s temperature represents a scale of threat greater than anything human beings have ever known in recent history (Karatekin, 2013; Kostova & Atasoy, 2008; Rickinson, 2001). This paper employs the appraisal theory to analyse an article on education and climate change, before relating the analysis to varied theorisations on how the global warming concept can be taught to students under the tenets of environmental literacy. Tabular Presentation of the Article Article Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Categories                                                                                                          “What children learn today will shape tomorrow’s world” (HUMANA, 2014, para. 1)                                                                                                                                                                                           1. Positive appreciation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2. Positive, non-authorial affect                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Explicit negative judgement associating global warming with desertification and floods                          “Many African countries are already confronted with the threat of rapidly accelerating desertification, floods, and other hazards” (HUMANA, 2014, para. 2)                                                                                                                2. Negative appreciation
Introduction There are three significant political subcultures: individualistic, traditionalistic, and moralistic. All three are considerably different and disputable at the same time. One may assume that each person has his or her view on these political subcultures. Moreover, one may argue that the individualistic political subculture may be preferable to the others. In this paper reasons why the individualistic political subculture is more advantageous will be provided. Main body There are several reasons why the individualistic political subculture is beneficial. According to Newell, Prindle, and Riddlesperger (2012), the individualistic political culture implies that politics act in the same way as business and economics. This implication allows stating that market needs can regulate society. The argument leads to the assumption that if there are free developed economies, there might appear developed societies with the help of market regulation. A government that regulates a community may be involved in malicious activities and disrupt the development of a free society. Furthermore, the government in the moralistic subculture, for instance, holds a decision-making process (Newell, Prindle, & Riddlesperger, 2012). Thus, people may feel that they are not involved in the development of their society. Finally, the traditionalistic political subculture may discourage people from participating in political life as the elite that inherits political power and leaves society on its own out of the economic and political progression. Conclusion In conclusion, the individualistic political subculture may give people an opportunity to take their own actions and encourage involvement in the political life of society. It can provide more freedom to the community to decide what the best way of political development is. Conversely, the tra
Introduction McDonald’s truly is a one-of-a-kind company in the modern fast food industry. Remaining at the top of the world’s most famous fast food services list, it maintains an extraordinarily strong presence in the global market and remains memorable and easily distinguishable from the rest of similar organizations. The success of the organization can be attributed to its focus on customer satisfaction and the tendency to push the envelope as far as the customer options are concerned. In retrospect, McDonald’s success was not quite expected by the general audience since the firm did not introduce any groundbreaking concept when entering the food market. In fact, it was not even the first organization to bring its customer’s fast food products – the White Castle Company had already been operating in the identified market rather successfully when McDonald’s made its first attempt at attracting a new audience (Strom 2015). However, the firm gained recognition for its unique branding strategy and the ability to update their services and products, at the same time retaining the distinctive characteristics that made the entrepreneurship a worldwide success. The organization is represented in 119 states and has a total of 34,480 locations in the identified countries as of 2013 statistics (‘Countries without McDonald’s’ 2013). Therefore, the brand recognizability and the popularity of the product delivered by the company can be viewed as McDonald’s key strengths. However, when it comes to identifying the defining feature that makes the company a success, one must mention the fact that McDonald’s approach to production processes, public relations, and company management, in general, is very pliable. By viewing change as an essential part of progress, the leaders of McDonald’s have created the environment in which customer and staff satisfaction can be achieved successfully. Analysis The Food industry is one of the aspects of the global economy that many customers take for granted, yet the changes that the target environment has been going through clearly deserve a closer look. The interview with one of the representatives of the McDonald’s service has shed a lot of light on the changes that the organization has been experiencing over the past few years. P
Modern Western civilization is characterized by an unprecedented technological development and almost unlimited opportunities for sharing information almost in the twinkling of an eye. Fax, telephone, internet, satellite connection, — the list of information-sharing options is almost endless and features devices that significantly facilitate the task of transmitting information. The volume of information people are getting nowadays is enormous, and therefore information selection is essential for adequate grasp of affairs. Nowadays, this selective function is by large performed by mass media that are thus responsible for shaping the world image for their billion audiences. The outrageous problem with mass media is that the information they select to present promotes unhealthy life habits, violent attitudes, and distorted views on interpersonal relationships. Although there seems to exist an endless amount of articles, blogs, and TV programs about healthy lifestyle, the ideas promoted by mass media in general do not contribute to overall health of the population. First of all, the ideals of body popular nowadays are far from generally attainable — and yet, internet sites and TV broadcasts are flooded with images of lean, almost dystrophic girls and muscular Schwarzenegger-like guys. This cannot be overlooked by the audience who pick up the standards and try to squeeze themselves into the unrealistic parameters. As shown by multiple research, compared to other sources of influence on body influence, the imagery presented by the media bears by large the most powerful impact on human perception of their body (Grogan 106–107). Therefore, those girls whose measurements do not comply with the famous 31”-22”-32” obsessively involve into dieting that borders on starvation, exhaust their bodies, and get nothing else than nutrition disorders and mental challenges. Another cultural standard widely inculcated by mass media is that of the ‘angry world’. Popular Hollywood action movies teem with scenes of violence, ranging from domestic crime to massive interplanetary wars. Everyone is presented as a potential enemy: if not the neighbor, then the boss; if not the boss, then a guy from the street; if not that, then a foreigner; if not human, then alien. Anger and frustration is the core of many a plot, and demands of revenge or mere attack for personal self-assertion are the motives that drive the heroes. With such abundance of violence prevalent in the media, it is not surprising that young generation imagines the world as a hostile dangerous place and starts acting accordingly, eliminating trust, kindness, and friendliness from their attitudes. Last but not least, the views on relationship are scandalously distorted in the information provided by mass media. Advertizing strategies are by large aimed at annihilating any interpersonal relationships and replacing them by relationships with the advertized objects. According to popular adve
Basic database concepts In developing the website, I created a database, which Coronel, Morris and Rob (2009) argue in their book that it is a structured, persistent, coherent, and logical collection of records, which have meaning related to the real world needs such as storing and generating records using a database management system (DBMS). My website provides the ability for users to easily query and retrieve data using a query language. I used a collection of software programs (modules) envisioned as a multi-layered application consisting of external, conceptual, internal, and storage views. In the design and integration of the DBMS into the website, I envisioned a situation of the system providing the functionalities of simple file management services besides other more complex functionalities. The project was informed using contents of different database management books including the books authored by Coronel, Morris and Rob (2009) and Ramakrishnan, Gehrke and Gehrke (2003) and, which were published as per their respective dates. The contents of the books were the main sources of the technical knowledge on database design, through which I was competently able to implement different database concepts including concurrency control, data integrity, data independence, redundancy control, automatic query optimisation. In addition, the books discuss about the normalisation of database tables into the first, second, and third normal forms. The database, using the DBMS modules provide real time concurrent control and access for the read, write, and commit database operations. The books by Morris and Rob (2009) and Ramakrishnan, Gehrke and
The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century brought extensive changes into the American labor forces. Nation’s evolution that changed an agrarian society into an industrial one played a significant role in the history of the American labor. Workers with lack of experience could not get high salary, and had to live in dismal conditions. With the development of factory industry, lots of women, children, and immigrants who had no money were employed to run the machines. People truly believed that such work could bring them more money, unfortunately, this business was profitable only for the owners. Lots of immigrants were eager to enter the United States in order to create good future for their families, however, existed immigration control was too strict. Workers were still low-waged labors. One of the writers who traced the origins of American labors and tried to explain why illegal migration and industrialization became one of the central issues for consideration was Mae M. Ngai. In the work Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, she examined immigration conditions and the problems related to the issues of race, gender, class, and ethnicity. “This book addresses these and other issues by charting the historical origins of the “illegal alien” in America law and society and the emergence of illegal immigration as the central problem in U. S. immigration policy in the twentieth century.” (Ngai 3) Major problems in American labor history were mostly caused by the diminishing worker’s rights: the Jonson Reed Act, Asian exclusion programs, the loyalty oath, and visa requirements for Mexican labor; and only the Immigration Act of 1965 provided workers with the opportunity to assert their rights in the last century. America is the country that is full of immigrants. Nowadays, it seems that this country is open to everyone, and any one can find the necessary help, support, and job here. However, at the end of the 19 th century and the beginning of the 20 th century, the situation with immigrant workers was a bit different. The vast majority of people lived in poor conditions and earned not too much. Immigrants needed to pass control and have necessary documents in order to get an opportunity to find job and earn for living legally. One of the documents that considerably diminished the rights of immigrants was the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act. This act had a pre-history that plays an important role and needs to be consider now. In 1917, one of the first immigration laws was taken. “The Immigration Act of 1917 doubled the head tax and imposed a literacy test, erecting the first barriers to entry, but unlawful entry was limited, as the Labor Department exempted Mexican from the requirements during the war.” (Ngai 64) However, the literacy test was not really enough to prevent entering of immigrants to the United States, this is why, at the beginning of 1920s, the members of Congress started developing a new progr
Introduction Psychological disorders are a sensitive topic that requires careful presentation to the public. The most popular and efficient way of passing information in this digital era is through social media platforms and television shows. Most television shows and movies are now embracing the challenge of addressing mental illnesses through films and TV shows portraying characters with mental disorders. In this way, viewers get an insight into common and rare mental disorders, their causes, and how to seek help. This essay discusses and analyses the psychological disorders of Beth Harmon from the TV mini-series, The Queens Gambit using Freud and Erickson’s psychoanalytic theories. The Queens Gambit is one of the fascinating period TV shows which portrays characters with psychological problems in the mid-1950s. The show takes place in Kentucky, the US, and Russia. In the story, Anya Taylor-Joy plays the role of Beth Harmons, who becomes an orphan at a very young age and is sent to a very strict orphanage (Scott, 2020). Beth’s mother dies in a car accident when she is still young, forcing her to grow up in a children’s home that gives the girls tranquilizing pills to calm their nerves. In the orphanage, Beth meets Mr. Shaibel, a janitor who teaches her how to play chess. She starts practicing with the janitor until chess becomes her obsession, making her skip classes to play the game. The game also gives her sleepless nights where she either thinks of the moves or dreams of winning, marking the beginning of her obsessive disorder to play and win chess (Scott, 2020). Beth starts her chess competitions at 13 years old, where she wins most of her matches. This further increases her obsession for chess until other members of society start
Central Theme The main idea of the essay is that a business should be built upon striving for greatness, not just demonstrating good results or satisfactory performance. What is meant by being built upon is that the aspirations of achieving greatness should be the core of the corporate culture, the main driving force for development, and the essential element of strategic vision. The author explains why greatness is such an important concept for business and supports the explanation with two key notions of the modern business world: corporate governance and globalization. The former is a system of practices, procedures, and values used by the directors to guide the company’s operations. The latter is the concept of reaching for resources and markets globally as well as considering global economical, political, and social trends. It is argued that there are three components of a corporation’s greatness: corporate perpetuity, entrepreneurial endurance, and corporate soul. Corporate perpetuity means integrity and breadth of the corporate vision, i.e. strategic planning beyond immediate needs and challenges. Entrepreneurial endurance is strength and resistance of the corporate operation and interaction (rather than just employees) to pressures. It is also about discipline and devotedness to shared aspirations. Finally, corporate soul refers to something that the author calls a philosophical maturity. To explain it, the author turns to ancient Greek philosophy, namely Aristotelian ethics. According to the author, the purpose of a series of publications, including this essay, is to provide readers with practical wisdom necessary for effective management. In the conclusion, it is stated that corporate greatness and preeminence are not only attainable for corporations but should be positioned as the main goal of a corporation. Critical Analysis The essay is divided into two parts: the first one is introduction and the second one is the body of the essay. The introduction, titled “Why Greatness?” provides valuable theoretical background which makes the dynamically expressed ideas of the following part easier to perceive and more understandable. It is particularly con
Jane Austen’s light, ironic style cannot conceal the fact that she took marriage very seriously, particularly for women born without a fortune. Underlying her novels is the sense that marriage is a dangerous proposition for anyone who enters into it for the wrong reasons. Men and women, therefore, must strive for what Austen calls “intelligent love,” a love which places reason above passion. She created a number of memorable characters who personify that ideal, such as Elizabeth Bennet, Mr. Knightley and Anne Elliot, all of whom marry only after adversity and trials have fully tested them and their beloved. To emphasize the importance of that ideal, as will be shown, she created equally memorable characters who are driven by their emotional or financial needs to marry in haste, and whose lives then turn into a caution for her readers. Mrs. Bennet is one of those cautionary characters. She is the best known of Austen’s mothers, portrayed in the novel Pride and Prejudice as “a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper.” Her husband is an intelligent, kindly man who spends most of his time in the library, hiding from his wife; or, as the narrator says, “Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character” (Ch. 1, 3). The reasons he married her may be deduced from the character of his daughters. At the time he met her she must have been beautiful, impulsive and lively just as two of his three “very silly daughters” are now, and he must have been as irresponsible then as he is when he ignores Elizabeth’s advice to discipline Lydia and thus prevent her elopement with Lt. Wickham later (Ch. 41, 205). Mrs. Bennet is the more responsible of the two parents, one who is fully aware of the financial danger her daughters are in for as long as they remain single. Her methods might be questionable but without support from her husband, she cannot be expected to do much more. The downside of marriage is seen in the way she and her husband work at cross-purposes, unable to communicate or even understand each other, and the way they bring out the worst qualities in one another. In that way, Austen strengthens her moral argument that marriages must be made intelligently and between equals, or the marriage and the children it produces will suffer the consequences. There are other examples of marriages contracted for the wrong reasons in Pride and Prejudice , notably Charlotte Lucas’s marriage to the Reverend Mr. Collins. Charlotte is past her prime, yet more than anything she wants to manage her household. She, therefore, accepts Collins’s offer of marriage three days after Elizabeth has refused him, fully conscious of his less attractive qualities. In a conversation with Elizabeth sometime before the proposal, Charlotte explains that she sees little point in getting to know a prospective mate, saying that “happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of