ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Risk assessment is an essential component of information security management. It entails evaluating individual information technology (IT) threats and assigning them precedence depending on their potential impacts. Stallings and Brown (2018) posit that security assessment enables an organization to identify and evaluate potential vulnerabilities to a specific system. IT security assessment is significant because it helps an institute to establish a robust and efficient safety program. Institutions use numerous approaches to IT security risk assessment. The most common methods are qualitative and quantitative. This paper will discuss the two main methodologies of IT security assessment. It will also settle for the most appropriate approach to IT risk evaluation. Quantitative Assessment Quantitative assessment is the most basic method of IT security risk evaluation. As the name suggests, this method of assessment uses definite figures, numbers, and percentages to quantify risk. It utilizes statistical methods to compute the likelihood of a specific threat occurring and its latent repercussions. According to Cherdantseva et al. (2016), a quantitative method of risk assessment enables an IT department to understand the financial impacts of probable risk. Additionally, it can also be used to ascertain the amount of data that could be compromised or lost in case the risk arises. Cherdantseva et al. (2016) aver, “Even though this approach does take into consideration the impact that a risk would have on business operations, it does so through a rigid number-based lens” (p. 11). Organizations use a quantitative method to determine the IT security risks that are acceptable or unacceptable depending on their potential outcomes. The initial stage in quantitative risk assessment entails identifying the essential assets of an organization. As per Cherdantseva et al. (2016), this methodology covers factors like information processing systems, IT equipment, and facilities. It also considers other less-apparent assets like data contained in a system, mobile devices, and the organizational workforce. Once all the essential assets are identified, their absolute value in dollars is computed. It may be hard for security analysts to obtain a precise value of volatile or indefinite assets. Nevertheless, Cherdantseva et al. (2016) assert
The ratification of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as “Obamacare,” has become one of the major milestones in the context of the development of modern health care in the US. Having been introduced in 2010, this act was primarily predetermined by the issue of the socio-economic gap in terms of health care fundamentals accessibility for the vast majority of the state population. Essentially, the ACA places emphasis on the following federal provisions:   * Expand access to insurance coverage by encouraging employers to cover insurance for their workers with little exception, securing insurance for people with income below the federal poverty guidelines, and expanding insurance accessibility for children and young adults;   * Increase consumer insurance protections by prohibiting the coverage cancelation of plans and monetary caps;   * Emphasize prevention and wellness by creating national resources to allocate payments and financial aid on the aspects of primary health prevention and public health promotion;   * Improve health quality and system performance by investing in the development of medical information technology and scholarly medical research;   * Promote workforce development by providing more options for continuous professional growth and training, as well as creating more accessible tertiary education options for potential medical students (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 2010) Considering the aforementioned provisions, it would be reasonable to conclude that the ratification of the ACA depends greatly on the qualifications of nurses, as they are the ones to secure empirical data collection. Indeed, nurses are educated and trained with the purpose of proper interaction with both the patients and public institutions in order to convey relevant data. Hence, to secure the further positive outcomes of the ACA, nurses are to communicate relevant health states of the population that would eventually regulate the patterns of insurance coverage and finance allocation. Reference Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Pub. L. No. 111–148, 124 Stat. 119. (2010).
It has being noted that teaching mathematics to liberal arts students is a major problem. This has being caused by poor teaching motivation methods embraced by their teachers. These students have negative attitude towards the subject and often excels poorly in this subject. Therefore there is a great need for the teaching profession to find effective ways they can motivate their students in mathematics to reinforce these students interests in mathematics to improve their mathematics performances. This can well be achieved if some mathematical courses are introduced in liberal arts. This will help greatly these group of students to acquire the fundamental mathematics concepts that of great importance in their day to day lives. This will allow the liberal arts students being well prepared in this subject to develop a positive attitude towards the subject that will yield to excellence performances in mathematics. (LeGere1991).This can be achieved through: (1)Relating mathematics to contemporary significant issues; (2) Employing projects and open- ended problems; According to Schwartz 1992, the greatest problem area in mathematics education today is effectively teaching liberal arts/non-science majors. These students generally are poorly prepared in mathematics and have negative attitudes about the subject. Every teacher of liberal arts mathematics courses has probably heard students ask questions such as, “Why do I need to learn this mathematics?”, “When will I ever use this material?”, and “What connections are there between this mathematics and my life?” Traditionally, liberal arts/non-science mathematics courses have had a set of unrelated topics, such as set theory, logic, probability and statistics, and number theory. Recently, modern topics, such as management theory, social choice, and elementary computer applications have replaced some of the older topics. Generally, these courses have been taught by the typical lecture-discussion method. The lack of coherence between topics, the perceived irrelevance of the material, and the scarcity of opportunities for student involvement often result in apathetic classes. Classes are typically large, for budgetary reasons, and this contributes to the problem. Since the students need the course only to fulfill a graduation requirement and not as a prerequisite for any other course, they usually try to obtain a satisfactory grade with a minimum of effort. As a result teachers are often reluctant to teach such courses. Students generally end the course with their negative feelings reinforced, thankful that they will never again be expected to do any mathematics. To remove this problem and stimulate liberal students to perform well in mathematics effective teaching methodologies are needed.(Herbert1980) Teachers should relate mathematics to prevailing important issues while teaching liberal arts. This is although the non-science students are often opposed to to mathematics, they are generally apprehensive with environmental and other social issues. Hence, their interest can be stim
Introduction The gist of this legal scenario is a determination of whether a valid contract existed between Becky and Andrew before Cameron was sold the lounge suite or if the agreement between them was just an offer to sell which had not been accepted by Andrew. If it was a valid contract the question then becomes if that contract was breached by Becky in the process. Alternatively if it was a mere offer, was the revocation done within the specified time before the offer was accepted as is required by law; to do this it is essential to determine when exactly the law will deem that such contract was revoked by Becky, if it was indeed ever revoked on time. Relevant laws As in all contract cases the validity of a contract is one of the essential legal principles that must first be established since a court of law cannot enforce the terms of an invalid contract, neither can there be a breach of contract that was not valid in the first place (Fafinski and Finch, 2009; Yovel, 2008). Once the validity of the contract has been certified the next step will be determination of whether the agreement between Becky and Andrew constituted just a mere offer or if it was a valid contract. This is necessary since determination of whether valid contract existed or if this was just an offer will inform the resulting conclusion; in determining this, the Postal Rule will apply as well. Discussion Based on the facts of the case it will appear that the essential elements of a valid contract are present since Becky actions of advertising the lounge suite for sale
Introduction Without doubt, the current civilization in the Western world is based on the exploits of the former leaders and conquerors. Through their exploits, geographical definitions were marked to identify the stretches of a kingdoms and empires. These later marked country boundaries. In addition, the socioeconomic, cultural and political interactions in the current world can be traced down the history line. These sentiments are clearly portrayed in Hunt and colleagues in their book The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures . This book acts as a clear portrayal of the factors that have contributed to the formation of the current outlook of Western Civilization. The book identifies three main components of historical perspectives that have acted as the shaping forces of the evolved global entity. The three factors identified in the book include global influences, the interactions of the different sociopolitical and cultural factors and the roots of today’s civilization in the historical backdrop. Accordingly, this paper will identify Napoleon Bonaparte’s exploits and how they have greatly contributed to the contemporary society’s civilization. These contributions will therefore be used to support the argument that Napoleon Bonaparte was a hero. Napoleon’s early life Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 th August, 1769 in Corsica. He was named Napoleon di Buonaparte, a name that he adopted from his uncle who had died fighting in the Army. He later changed his name to Napoleon Bonaparte which had a more French touch as compared to the older version. Napoleon was brought up in a working class family as his father, Carlo Buonaparte served in the Louis XVI Courts as a representative of Corsica and he was an attorney. However, the greatest impact in Napoleon’s life was from his mother. With a strict sense of discipline, Maria Ramolino developed a rambunctious child from Napoleon. Educational background Coming from an affluent family, Napoleon was able to access an education level that was beyond other young men from Corsica. This was due to his connections and his background that was marked by Affluence. He attended his first few years of education in Autun before joining a Military academy situated in Brienne-le-Chateau later in 1779. Word from one of his instructors pointed out that Napoleon excelled in mathematics, History and Geography. From Brienne-le-Chateau he moved to Paris where he joined the Ecole militaire. Later, the death of his father resulted into Napoleon’s compressing of his two year study to a single year. Here, he trained as an artillery officer, a change from his initial ambition of becoming a sailor and joining the British Royal Navy. Themes in the making of the west, their relationship to Napoleon Considering the thesis of this paper, it is evident that Napoleon was a hero. With the events in his life, how can one justify this supposition? Hunt and colleagues point out that the contemporary society
Introduction The structural organization of agencies is apparent today. It is needful to make more emphasis on the effectiveness and efficiency of the bureau or organization. What are the impulses for such trends in governmental law enforcement bodies is the point for discussion? In this respect, a particular scope on administration in a police department in Abilene, Texas is included in the discussion of the paper. The whole research aims at the methods which make the work in the department effective and stable in improving the situation in the region. All in all, the paper is organized in terms of the discussion about the approaches and methods used. Moreover, the discussion, as it is, is represented in the form of critical analysis of the work in the department and its achievements at the moment. The urge of local governments in the United States is to provide appropriate services in order to defend the population from the negative effects of crimes. This flow is coordinated by the federal government. The periphery administration matters in numerous counties of the states in the USA. Thus, special attention is posed to the whole analysis of the work in the Abilene police department. Methodology section Looking at the design of work in this police department it is vital to admit that a critical analysis of its sub-divisions and their model of work is detached. Furthermore, the main points in the discussion touch upon the significance of the department’s structural parts. The records department is considered in this respect, as the main domain for having particular results in numbers. The comparison to the general practice in law enforcement is included in the part of the discussion. Thus, the discussion includes the analysis of agency operations. Some among them are the budget, the internal and external relations of the department, Human resources, Office of Legal Affairs, and others. For the purpose of validity and reliability of the research, it was needful to interview several employees. Debbie Littlefield, division manager, answered the questions. The number of questions is 9. All of them concern the practicality of the work in the division. Thus, the details of the interview appear throughout the research. Discussion Abilene Police Department is the structural part of the national system of law enforcement in Abilene, Taylor County, Texas. It is a full-service municipal police agency with 184 officers and 60 civilian positions for a population of more than 117,000 people (Abilene Police, 2009). High moral values are stated as of the duties of the policemen: they serve for the goal of keeping in safety the peaceful population of the city. In this respect, the structural division of the police in Abilene does not extremely different from the rest of the departments throughout the country. First of all, analyzing the structure of the agency it is necessary to have a glance at the figure of the department chief. T
Comparison and Contrast of NAFTA and the EU Mutually beneficial cooperation among countries can be observed in all parts of the world. Thus, large western states that are part of the North American continent are members of NAFTA, and most of the countries of Europe are included in the European Union. They are similar in a few moments. For instance, these organizations are associations establishing economic relations and trade (Beghin, Bureau, & Gohin, 2017). In addition, both these unions include several countries that regularly cooperate (Allee, Elsig, & Lugg, 2017). Nevertheless, there are more differences between NAFTA and the EU than similarities. Firstly, in the EU countries, there is a single tariff for goods and services, while the countries in NAFTA are united only by trade relations (Beghin et al., 2017). Secondly, the currency of the EU is single, and the Western alliance has no such feature. Thirdly, the EU Parliament is the central authority of the Union, while the NAFTA countries have separate governments (Karemera, Whitesides, & Smalls, 2017). Fourthly, the EU is much smaller in size than NAFTA (the eastern association has an area of ​​4.4 million square kilometers, and the western union is 21.8 million square kilometers) (Beghin et al., 2017, p. 324). Also, the EU is deeply integrated into all the spheres of life and has a single mechanism for controlling the movement of financial assets, enterprise profits, resource allocation, etc. NAFTA does not have such features. The EU has a special form of organization with the management, headquarters, and official representatives in all the countries included in the union, and NAFTA is exclusively trade integration without any institutional branches. Therefore, differences prevail over similarities. The article by Mayeda (2018) describes the recent events related to NAFTA and presents scenarios for the development of the countries’ economies that make up the union’s structure. Recently, there has been an active discussion of the topic that the US is about to leave the association. If the division of the commonwealth happens, it will unambiguously change my opinion about the NAFTA union as this organization has always been considered quite strong and reliable. However, if it loses its leader, the very essence of the union will most likely be meaningless, and the association will not be able to exist. Mexico’s GDP and Approaches to Calculations Mexico is the country that is included in the NAFTA association and closely cooperates with many countries of the world and the N
It is necessary to note that Frank, Product Engineering Manager at Custom Chip, is facing several urgent and serious issues. In the first place, there is a big problem related to poor communication among departments. This miscommunication often leads to an excessive workload for all employees in the three departments. Hence, workers have to work on day-to-day issues that appear due to inappropriate documentation and communication. Notably, Frank also understands that he will not be able to hire more staff even though he needs people badly as a reduction in costs is the company’s priority now. The workload forces employees to quit. Thus, even though one of Frank’s employees likes her job and is a professional, she feels frustrated since she does not have time to do her work but has to focus on solving issues that would not occur if she had time to work on documentation. Notably, this is an experienced employee who contributes greatly to the development of the organization. Frank understands that documentation in the company lacks certain standardization. He wants to develop a plan of solving the documentation problem but never has time for that. He also understands that it is difficult to work with employees and managers from another department as the roles in the company are not clearly explained to workers. Some workers (from other applications engineering) focus on their department’s goals rather than on the overall company’s aims. Hence, some engineers tend to think that their job is simply to develop a design. Frank utilizes a democratic managerial style which has certain advantages and downsides. On the one hand, this style enables employees to be creative and active. The democratic style also involves a lot of discussions which helps employees and managers to solve a variety of issues. On the other hand, this managerial style has serious downsides. Thus, employees have to be independent and capable of working individually or within teams. Proper communication is crucial for this style as employees who do not have effective communication channels may have conflicts. This is the case with Frank’s subordinates and employees from a different department. Employees (especially those working at the applications engineering department) are too independent and they are reluctant to work in a team as they regard that their work (as well as position within the company) is superior to others. As has been mentioned above, Frank has to handle numerous conflicts. It is necessary to note that he does it quite effectively. In the first place, Frank starts a conversation. He wants to understand the arguments provided by all stakeholders involved. He does not take sides but tries to comprom
Strategic Business Units and application in Disney Strategic Business Units are the divisions that an organization creates to deal with specific issues affecting it in the market (Koontz & Weihrich, 2007). They are usually self-contained in that they operate independent of the other units in an organization. The pooling of different sections of an organization allows SBUs to cut across diverse lines and geographical locations in order to serve specific market needs more efficiently (Koontz & Weihrich, 2007). For the SBUs to achieve their intended goals, they need to account for corporate responsibilities and the needs of the organization. This way, it becomes easier to allocate finances and resources and hold each unit accountable for its deeds. The Walt Disney Company has four SBUs in its organizational structure (Banton, 2008). The four strategic business units found in Walt Disney are Disney consumer products which develops and sells Disney branded products, studio entertainment (which comprise of theater and music divisions), park and resorts (responsible for the operation of the holiday resorts and theme parks), and media and broadcasting (which gathers the entities entailed in the promotion and advertising of the brands through the media) (Banton, 2008). Walt Disney uses SBUs to independently reach its different segments in the market. This is an indication of just how diversified the company is. This has ensured that the company reaches its different consumers in different geographical regions by pooling of resources from different units in a more efficient manner. As a result, Disney has managed to maintain its market share, consumers, competitive edge, and profits. Vision and mission statements A mission statement describes the fundamental purpose of the company. In this case, it tries to explain why the company exists (Ledgerwood, 2006). On the other hand, a vision statement focuses on the future of the organization as it tries to answer what it would like to achieve. In general, the difference between a vision and mission statement is that whereas the latter places more emphasis on the present state of an organization, the former emphasizes on the future of the organization. Walt Disney Company operates using a mission statement without the inclusion of a vision statement across all its strategic business units. The reason why a company may choose to operate with a mission statement and not the vision statement is that a mission statement clarifies a company’s direction, purpose and values (Ledgerwood, 2006). For example, Disney’s mission statement contains all these aspects as its direction is to develop the most innovative and creative experiences based on