ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Background information The hospitality industry is ranked amongst the world’s largest economic sectors. The sector account for more than 10 per cent of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides employment to a significant proportion of the total world’s population. The industry is composed of firms that deal with different activities such as provision of products and services such as beverages, food, and accommodation. Some of the businesses that constitute the hospitality industry include hotels, restaurants, clubs, bars, and contract catering. The industry is broad in nature in that it entails both public and private firms. The global hospitality industry has experienced a myriad of challenges over the past few years. Some of these challenges include labour shortages, increased competition, and cost containment difficulties (Bowie & Buttle, 2001). The high rate of globalisation is one of the factors that explain the changes currently being experienced in the industry (Reid & Bojanic, 2010). Despite its profitability potential, the industry is characterised by extreme volatility. The recent global financial crisis has pushed most hospitality firms into significant decline in their occupancy ration. In an effort to au
Case Analysis In this case, we are going to be looking at a game known as What is my bride like? This is a game that involves children between the ages of 9 – 12 years. Ten to thirty children can take part in this game. It is a game which can take place at home or school. During play, the groom is usually asked to leave the venue or the room where the play activity is taking place. During this time, the other players choose one object which is located in the room and they allow the groom to return into the room. The groom asks the players, that is, one at a time the qualities of the bride. This is supposed to go on until the groom finds his bride. The second game which we can look at is Al Mazool this is a game whereby everyone gets a letter to spell out the name of an object in the room or within the vicinity. This is an interesting game since it brings to the fore the ability of the participants to spell and enact those values which they have acquired (Orlick, 2006). During this game, the children can explore their creative and innovative states thus they can be able maximize those aspects which they need to build on. Culture and leisure Culture exists in time and space coordinates. In essence, leisure is usually defined by culture. This is because leisure is usually defined within the cultural orientations of a given people. It is worth mentioning the fact that culture is the total of a people’s way of life. Regional culture is formed within a certain geographic region in the lifestyle over a long period. It normally refers to the integration of the behaving and thinking mode of the specific group of people in a certain space scope. I have had an opportunity to belong to an African cultural orientation. In this case, the African culture favors a communal aspect. Essentially, within the African culture leisure is seen as a way of bringing people together especially as a form of celebrating a given feat. On the other hand, western games are more individual. This has been largely caused by the technological advancements which have brought to the fore toys that favor individualism. Thus, in both cases, what stands out is the fact that cultural orientations have a major impact on the types of games that one engages in. Reasons for participating in leisure There are several reasons as to why one participates in leisure. These reasons can be classified as intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic factors that have triggered me to take in leisure include the aspect of having fun. In this case, one can derive enjoyment during free time (LeFevre, 2002). Secondly, I can enhance certain qualities as a person. For example, in outdoor games, my interpersonal skills are developed as I take part in active leisure. Lastly, in some forms of passive leisure like reading books, I can get to learn more about what is going on around my environment. Some of the extrinsic factors which have motivate
Introduction Throughout the history of mankind the messengers of God’s divine message have been reduced to victims of violence and ridicule; from Adam to Muhammad this trend has been repeated. Many achievements in this world can be attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)(Cheema 1). Generally speaking, Prophet Muhammad was a great benefactor of mankind and this discussion will seek to understand the person that he was, especially in light with this age where narrow-mindedness and prejudice has caused the teaching of the great Prophet to be misunderstood. Therefore, it’s important to independently look at the character and the person that the prophet was and hence this article. Discussion Prophet Muhammad was the last prophet of God according to The Quran, the Muslims holy book. Prophet Muhammad was born the year 560 AD in the city of Mecca Saudi Arabia. Muhammad was raised by his uncle Abu Taib after he became an orphan at an early age. No documentation exist indicating whether he received a formal education in regards to reading and writing, however as illustrated by The Quran the experience between the Prophet and Angel Gabriel demonstrates that he didn’t receive any formal education(Kathir 190). In the region that Prophet Muhammad originated from, immorality, cruelty, polytheism, idol worshiping and illiteracy existed at a very high rate. Slavery on its part had become so rampant on that part of the world. Prophet Muhammad was a soft spoken young man who kept aloof from those who participated in paganism and the rituals associated with the region at that time.He began to preach about the existence of only on God –Allah and at the age of 40 after he received his first revelation (Kathir 191). His preaching of the existence of only one God attracted opposition from the pagans of Mecca (Quraysh).They offered him gifts, power, honor and material things in the hope that he would abandon his preaching and instead preach about the idols. The prophet refused this offer stating that he would never renounce his mission even if the sun will be put on his right hand and the moon on his left hand. Having taken this stance he and his followers were banished from Mecca after being tortured and some of them being brutally killed by the Quraysh. He immigrated to Medina where he established himself after being warmly welcomed (Azzam 14). The pagans of Mecca were determined to root out the new religion forcing Muhammad to defend himself in several wars. He was successful in his defense, with the help of a small force, 10,000 followers; he was able to defeat
Financial stability depends on the ability of a business organization to make a profit, and raise the value of the capital investment, while also managing both long-term and short-term liabilities. Evaluation of Holiday Snacks Limited’s business performance is based on a variety of approaches to financial analysis. The preference of a certain method depends on the intended use, time, and level of algorithm expansion. The analysis of financial ratios and financial statements are among the most appropriate indicators of financial performance. Managers, investors, creditors, and business partners utilize such financial decision-support information to evaluate Holiday Snacks Limited to determine if the firm is financially stable and able to grow sustainably. Financial ratios are suitable for financial analysis due to various factors including their simplicity and extra information. The majority of companies such as Wall Street investment firms, and bank loan personnel use financial ratio analysis to understand their current and potential financial health (Myšková and Hájek, 2017, p. 97). Financial ratios enable Holiday Snacks Limited to analyze the progress of the firm’s financial health. These tools also make it possible for cross-sectional analysis, and comparative analysis. Furthermore, the tools can help Holiday Snacks Limited as they act as indicators of productivity. Chief financial officers and business and credit analysts can use this ratio to determine if the firm is profitable or can finance its overall operations and growth, its expenditure, and how it performs on the stock market. A variety of financial tools is essential in gaining an in-depth insight into the financial health of a business enterprise. Common size ratios, liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, and solvency ratios are the most widely used tools that can show the performance of Holiday Snack Limited. A common size ratio that includes the income account statement as a percentage of the sales would help show the progress of the business operations (Lassala, Apetree, and Sapena, 2017, p. 4). The solvency ratio would determine the stability of the business and capability to service debts, such as loans, and hence, an indicator of the health and viability of the company. Holiday Snack Limited can use financial ratio analysis in two different techniques. The management may perform ratio analysis to evaluate the current performance of the firm relative to the past periods ranging from the previous quarter to several years before. The analysis may help the organization identify issues that require intervention measures. Holiday Snack Limited can utilize the ratios to compare its performance to that of the rivals and other competitors in the food industry. Financial statements give financial information that a business organizatio
One of the most complicated notions in the modern world, identity is the most crucial aspect of a human’s existence. Once losing his/her identity, a human being cannot live the full life and practically becomes deprived of an essence of life. Because of its versatility and the number of issues it touches on, identity must be considered from various viewpoints. Embarking upon this investigation, one should start with the physical aspect of human nature. From a biological point of view, identity is predetermined by the gender of a given person. Indeed, in the clichéd society where men and women bear different social roles, the gender aspect is what makes the core of identity. Further on, developing into grown-up, mature people with shaped personalities, we bear certain social role predetermined mostly by our gender. In addition, the large variety of social roles that we have changed throughout our lives was also intertwined with our genders closely. It is quite peculiar that a child obtains his/her sexual identity at certain age, but not from the day of his/her birth. Thus, it is logical to suggest that the quest for identity begins right with acknowledgement of one’s own gender. An important step in learning one’s identity, the physical aspect makes the foundation of the future searches. Next comes the aspect of one’s religious belief – or its absence. Something that is completely sacred for a human being, religion must be another important part of identity – its core and the backbone of one’s philosophy, moral principles and the world picture. When needing to turn to someone for help, one usually resorts to his/her religious beliefs, which discloses the most secret aspects of his/her personality. This means that religion must be another significant part of human identity. Helping people to find the intrinsic value of their lies and look for the enlightenment that comes with serving God and following His behests makes another important part of one’s identity. Even atheists still have certain religious position – the position of denial. The last, but not the least comes such aspect of one’s identity as culture. In contrast to the previous aspects, this one appears to be the most mysterious one. Unlike the religious beliefs, it can change considerably, being rather subject to the influence of the other cultures. Yet it makes the stem of one’s identity and helps one to define his/her identity. Embracing the experience of the ancestors, with all their traditions and customs, and at the same time involving the novelties that convey the flair of the epoch, culture is another essential notion that identity involves. Therefore, identity is a blend of one’s cultural background and gender specifics. In his/her search of the identity, one has to consider all the abovementioned spheres of his/her life. Though certain element of scientism in this search might dim the excitement of the process, one still has to admit that
Introduction Shortly before graduating from college, most people start sending out application letters to potential employers in search of a job. A number of organisations are regarded as High Performance Working (HPW) businesses by most graduates. Regardless of the prevailing economic conditions, such entities continue to recruit and attract large numbers of potential employees. As such, the management can afford to put in place a highly sophisticated selection procedure to make sure that only the best and highly qualified candidates are recruited into its workforce. In this paper, the author is going to respond to a number of questions posed by the ‘People/Performance Partnership’ (PPP) director working for a potential HPW company. The questions were sent to the author in response to the application letter they had sent to the organisation. The major issues addressed in the questions include professionalism, the concept of a ‘thinking performer’, and CPD. Professional Practice Question 1: Professional Conduct Reputable organisations attract a wide variety of individuals as potential employees. The individuals are eventually engaged by the firm in one form of duty or another. Based on their educational background and previous work experience, such persons rise to levels that can be referred to as professionals (Mathias, Jackson and Sean 127). In the larger spectrum of human resource, there are certain expectations associated with a professional. Mathias et al. add that the individual must meet these requirements for them to acquire the respect of the organisation (133). The same respect can be used as leverage to grow in the career. Professionalism defines how best an individual can adhere to a number of principles. Such principles include responsibility, courtesy, and honesty. According to Farndale, professionalism requi
Introduction The paper will focus on a situation comedy known as ‘Good Times’. Some parts of the show will be analyzed through a social conflict lens and examples given on how this comedy reflects the latter principles. How ‘Good times’ depicts social conflicts The ‘Good Times’ show is a classic comedy performed in 1975. The sitcom is based on the lives of a typical seventies African American family. It largely revolves around the daily hustles and struggles of such a low income household in an ever challenging economic, social and political landscape. The family consists of a mum and dad, three children – two boys and a girl and a close family friend. Every episode highlights a challenge facing the household and how they try to overcome it through family unity and companionship. Almost always, their challenges centre on their social status and the fact that they are “keeping their heads above water” as stated in the comedy’s theme song. A social conflict theorist always argues that there are converse classes existing in society today and that one of those classes holds and controls the means of production. This is brought on by the amount of resources they possess and hence their ability to manipulate political and social status to maintain these positions. (Thio, 2009) Usually, the process of manipulation leads to oppression of one class (the proletariat) by the other (the bourgeoisie). In the end, there is an endless cycle in which one group of people requires the services of the other yet the interests of either party can never be fully met. In other words, the working class are always looking for a means of survival but the owners of capital cannot provide this fairly or competently. On the other hand, the elite need to maintain their economic and social position but because they are always expanding, then they have to pay their workers much less than they deserve so as to keep their profits. Ultimately, there arises a social conflict in which the oppressed are unhappy with the status quo while the elite want to maintain it. (Thio, 2009) In the comedy ‘Good Times’, there are several situations that epitomize the latter assertions. For instance, in one episode, the head of the household – James attempts to start a business in order to be financial independent and to support his family. Since he has a lot of experience
Introduction Numerous processes, practices, and concepts appear to be important in the workplace, and conflicts are among them. Effective conflict management is a unique skill that increases a manager’s value and makes the working environment healthier and more productive. In the following journal entries, I will summarize my thoughts and ideas after exploring the module’s activities and lectures and discuss some theories and practices in relation to my past and future experiences. Week 1 The most significant thought of this week is the importance of conflict management and all concepts, practices, steps, and issues related to it. Before studying this module and completing learning activities, I did not perceive conflict management as an integral part of a successful leader and business. It seemed to me that talented leadership and employees, as well as high profits and performance, are the most critical concepts in the organization. Now I think about all the components of a good business and understand that they are equally crucial. Further, I realized that I have never analyzed my behavior patterns during conflict or decision-making. Completing the Thomas-Kilmann questionnaire was rather usefu
Introduction The Great White Hope is an American biographical film based on the life of boxer Jack Johnson and his first wife, Etta Terry Duryea. The film is centered on Johnson and Duryea’s lives and the controversy surrounding their relationship and marriage. The Great White Hope was directed by Martin Ritt and produced by Lawrence Turman. The film was released on October 11, 1970, in the United States, and it is based on Howard Sackler’s play of 1967 with the same title. The main cast includes James Earl Jones, who plays Jack Jefferson, and Jane Alexander, who plays Eleanor Bachman. The Great White Hope is 103 minutes and has been acted in English. The film depicts how racism in the United States is openly practiced and has adverse effects on the lives of the victims. General Background The Great White Hope is based on Jack Jefferson, the reigning world’s heavyweight boxing champion, and set between 1910 and 1915. Jack Jefferson is the first black person to hold that title which bothers the white majority in the United States. The white press and racists seek a “great white hope” that will defeat Jack Jefferson and reclaim the title. At the same time, the story addresses the relationship of Jefferson and Eleanor Bachman that were regarded as prohibited and illegal amid racism. Plot The story begins when Jack, the first Black heavyweight boxing champion, is preparing for a fight with a white opponent. Supported by Eleanor, he is confronted by Clara, Jack’s common-law wife, who accuses a couple of their relationships. Nevertheless, Jefferson announces his engagement with Eleanor, and later, during their vacation, when the couple stays together, Jack is arrested for the violation of the Mann Act for his relationship with a white woman. In order to escape punishment, Jack and Eleanor move to Europe (Ritt). However, multiple events related to racial challenges, conflict with the law, and disagreements with fellows lead to tension and inner aggression of Jack that resulted in abuse and Eleanor’s subsequent suicide. In the end, Jefferson enters the boxing ring with a white man and loses the title. Turning Points In general, the story’s exposition includes the relationship of Jack and Eleanor and their engagement that leads to arrest. Rising actions are the couple’s escape, conflict with the law, the concerns of Jack’s friends and helpers about his success, white people’s hatred, Jack’s jealousy, and racism with related disrespectful activities. The story’s turning point that has changed its direction is Jack’s arrest caused by his seeming violation of the Mann Act. This event forced Jefferson’s escape from the United States and led to multiple challenges that subsequently defined the story’s resolution. Another turning point is Eleanor’s abuse when Jack is beating her with a towel; this action presupposed the tragic outcome of the climax. Climax The story’s climax is Eleanor’s suicide after she is beaten by Jack and accused by him of dragging him down (
Compatibilists’ Views and Determinism Issues concerning the free will have been discussed for centuries but thinkers have not managed to resolve them yet. Determinists claim people have no free will as there are loads of factors that affect their decisions. At the same time, compatibilists stress that the free will exists as in the majority of cases people have a variety of options and they are often free to choose any way. Thomas Nagel tends to accept the view of determinism as he believes that people often find themselves in circumstances that determine their actions. Nagel also considers a moral paradox which, according to the thinker, cannot be resolved by the compatibilist. The Moral Paradox In the first place, it is necessary to focus on the moral paradox revealed by Nagel. The thinker notes that people are usually judged by what they did or did not do. However, they are not judged by what they could have done in a different situation under some other circumstances (Nagel 34). The philosopher stresses that people focus on actual actions rather than options available for the agent. Thomas Nagel states that a person is morally responsible for what he/she does but what he/she does “results from a great deal” he/she does not do. The philosopher brings to the fore the paradox, “he [a person] is not morally responsible for what he is and is not responsible for” (Nagel 34). In other words, the philosopher claims that there are circumstances which deprive people of any choice. The thinker argues that people cannot be morally responsible for all of their actions. Compatibilists’ Views According to the compatibilist, people have their free will in the majority of cases and they are morally responsible for their actions (again, in the majority of cases). For instance, there are several ways to act under any circumstances. Nielsen notes that determinism is still compatible with the free will. However, the philosopher stresses that it is important to differentiate between constraints and causes. The philosopher provides an example of his walk in a park when he is watching a bird (Nielsen 44). He notes that he is not made to look at the bird, but there are causes that lead to his actions. Thus, a man notices an object and decides whether he wants or does not want to pay attention to this object. No one makes the man look at the obj