ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction BBC Radio is a business division of British Broadcasting Corporation that was established in 1927. The radio station was meant to meet the domestic and international needs of the listeners in Anglophone countries. Its popularity grew after the First World War as it was considered to provide accurate information about the progress and the events during the war. The Second World War also provided this corporation to gain popularity both locally in Great Britain and among the international audiences (Scales, 2015). After the war, it became one of the most important tools used by the West to sell their ideologies to the rest of the world. This made it necessary for the firm to broadcast in various other languages to reach a larger audience within the international community. It grew very fast to become the largest broadcaster in the world, using over 27 languages. In the twenty-first century, BBC Radio has been faced with stiff competition as numerous radio stations emerge in regions that it previously dominated. This increasing threat in the market has forced this corporation to come up with ways in which it can protect its market share locally and internationally. The management of BBC Radio realized that the needs of its clients in terms of the content of information presented to them were getting highly diversified, especially across people of different ages. The aging population had different content needs from the middle-aged population. The teenagers and young adults had a taste that was very different from that of the middle-aged and the elderly members of society. At first, the BBC tried to
Interpersonal Relationships between Negotiators The relationship between Gandhi and Jinnah started in their youth, when Jinnah was actively looking to mobilize Muslims to lobby for the development of a special relationship with the colonists so that they could develop an independent state (Dar 137). Gandhi, on the other hand, was looking to enhance his influence on the entire nation because he believed that both Muslims and Hindus had the potential to collaborate in forming an administration that would efficiently enhance the quality of life for everyone by engaging in economy building and setting up political systems to foster harmony in the society. Jinnah’s youth was characterized with various attempts to increase his influence on the society. He encountered Gandhi in several occasions, but their political journeys diverged as Gandhi’s talent in leadership was polished by his father and the people around him. Gandhi was the man of the people, whereas Jinnah was looking to lure people into supporting his radical ideologies. The rivalry between the two leaders was a function of the different futuristic ideologies that they had, with respect to the relationship between Hindus and Muslims in the British colony (Parveen 134). Gandhi was always ready to help the nation to gain independence from the British, but Jinnah’s main focus was to have Muslims being separated from their counterparts to implement self-governance. The interpersonal relationship between the two leaders had an influence on the resultant relationship between India and Pakistan, whereby citizens of the respective states have always pursued partisan interests and engaged each other in minimal diplomatic negotiations because they are aware of the differences in their political ideologie
Introduction Ernst & Young is a global company that is mainly involved in specialized consultancy services. With over 30,000 employees, its operations are felt in about 100 locations globally. The company is a product of several mergers since its inception in 1849. Despite its merging history, the corporation has managed to create its unique brand as one of America’s most desirable companies due to its commitment to service to all stakeholders spanning from the employees, investors, and customers to the larger business community and financial markets serving it. The company offers counseling services, auditing services, and tax conformity services as its flagship products. As the paper reveals, the company applies principles of learning, leadership, team building, group dynamics, conflict management, employee motivation, communication, organizational design, and cultural change to its organizational structure as part of its strategic management. Learning The company’s learning and knowledge system uses both formal and informal community-of-practice websites that are divided into both services provided and the respective locations (Harrington, Voehl, & Feigenbaum, 2007). For instance, a particular region may have a community of service website for each of the major services that the company provides. In addition, the communities-of-service websites that are related in terms of service are merged into a global community of practice website. The formal section of these knowledge-based community-of-service programs is usually organized and managed by accredited knowledge managers while the informal sections are developed based on the need of individuals to exchange information in line with a common interest in topics of discussion. They have no specific assignment to any official manager. Through this system, the company can acquire knowledge that it may seek without going through the hustle and bustle of a search process. The systems has been proven an excellent tool that allows the company’s consultancy to acquire the latest and most premier information concerning the subject matter that is of its interest (Harrington et al., 2007). According to Maula (2006), the learning processes for Ernst & Young are designed to provide support for its overall goal of achieving its key strategic objectives. Therefore, they are in line with the firm’s identity and continued perception of its business environment. The firm has managed to cement a culture of knowledge sharing that has allowed it to grow, thus providing a source of motivation for its continued engagement and devotion to learning from its immediate business environment and its previous experiences from the global knowledge sharing strategy. To facilitate this process, the company has a global knowledge and communications flow system that is both internal and external such as the customized
Introduction Urbanization refers to the shift of the primary population of a country from the rural setting to urban setting. The urban setting in this context refers to towns, cities, and their suburbs. The major cause of urbanization is the movement of people from their rural homes into urban centers to look for employment opportunities and to enjoy the social amenities that are readily available in the urban centers (Delaney & Madigan, 48). Urbanization and industrialization are closely interrelated processes. The latter refers to the process by which a traditionally agricultural economy is transformed into an industrial economy by use of modern industrial technology as opposed to the traditional processes. In this regard, increased industrialization will lead to increased urbanization since the rural population has to migrate to these urban centers to provide the labor that is required in this newly established factories and manufacturing industries. The need to search for markets of the agricultural produce can eventually lead to a shift of some rural population into the urban centers. Other factors like good infrastructure, availability of water and electricity, availability of sporting and other recreational facilities, nearness to educational centers, as well as nearness to health facilities are also some of the reasons that can contribute to urbanization. It is thus worth noting that urbanization in a given nation or state will be affected by the social, political and economic factors prevailing in the cities and towns of that country. Urbanization in the United States Urbanization in the United States has had rapid growth in the last two centuries. Before then only a small fraction, less than 5%, of the population were living
Introduction The comfort levels, when applied to the workplace, are significant for discriminated employees, such as African American nurses. Therefore, the conducted virtual interview involved a woman from this population group, and her participation was beneficial for improving social work for these people. The person was a Black female nursing specialist of 35 years old born in Boston, Massachusetts, and working there for the past five years in this position. Hence, her socioeconomic status is determined by an average income satisfying the essential needs, appropriate education in the field, and current employment. Interview Over the course of two conversations with the interviewee, it was established that the existence of discrimination is determined by specific practices of healthcare facilities. For example, they include the lack of respect from other colleagues, disregard for opinions, and the neglect of race as a characteristic, making individuals in this category of workers more vulnerable than others. These outcomes are also supported by research on the topic, as the mentioned issues are on the list of the main obstacles for African American nurses, which mean fewer opportunities for career promotion for them (Iheduru-Anderson et al. 413). Higher levels of stress were also reported to be critical for interacting in other settings, as the woman said she was unwilling to cooperate when facing issues in social, economic, and religious institutions. For example, the stereotypes of her unreliability prevented the interviewee from equally accessing banking services, such as loans and governmental assistance when studying. It means that the negativity is projected onto other spheres of life and also supported by educational facilities, which historically do not address micro-aggressions towards these people (Jefferies a). In general, the response to these struggles was to avoid confrontation due to the feeling of helplessness. This experience affected the woman’s activity by decreasing the desire to improve her social status. The main strengths and resilience of this group were suitable education for addressing people’s needs in the workplace and willingness to help. However, the failure to do so does not seem to lead to the intention to reach out for help as they do not trust social workers and other helping professionals. It was conditional upon the absence of similar interventions and unawareness of their effectiveness, but they are ready to discuss this possibility. The Experience: Reflection Th
Discuss top management support (Troshani et al. 2011 and/or Dong 2008) as it relates to the Queensland Health SAP-HCM implementation. Top management usually makes strategic decisions and assigns resources to IT projects. In the case of Queensland Health, top management played a crucial role in initiating the SAP-HCM project. However, it is clear that there were project design problems relating to scope. In addition, the time available for the project was too little leaving no room for changes. The final problem was that there was no testing on the required scale to determine the efficacy of the new payroll system. These three mistakes confirm findings by Troshani, Jerram, and Hill (2011), which indicate that management support in IT project design is critical for success when switching from old systems to new ones. Project design is part of the critical role that top management plays (Arnold 2007). There is a need to plan such projects carefully and to allow sufficient time and resource capacity in case of any eventualities. Troshani, Jerram, and Hill (2011) also pointed out that “regulatory compliance” is a key factor catalyzing the change process (p. 481). In this sense, there was a need for Queensland Health to uncover all the regulatory and environmental influences on the project. A risk analysis would have identified the problems that it is now dealing with, such as negative publicity and high profile redundancies. Top management also failed in its duties when it did not provide the best conditions to test the new system before going live. There is a good degree of convergence with the response provided because of the concurrence of the place top management holds in the project design process and their role in supporting the implementation effort. The top management had the opportunity to ensure better testing of the new system to take care of all foreseeable eventualities from a technical perspective. If you have been involved in an IS implementation (not necessarily an HRIS implementation), discuss how the Queensland Health SAP-HCM implementation is similar or different to the one in which you were involved. I was involved in the design of a basic Electronic Health Records System for a local health facility. The objective was to reduce the overheads incurred in running the hospital by linking all the services offered. In particular, the system hoped to provide a real-time assessment of the services offered to individual inpatients and outpatients. The key similarities with the Queensland Health are that top management initiated it and that the original deadlines were very ambitious, without sufficient regard to the human resource capacity. The major difference is the top management insisted on retaining the existing systems until they were certain the new one was handling the processes more efficiently. The top management felt that with the skeleton staff in charge of IT at the facility, five members in total, the facility could implem
Introduction The health of citizens is the main aim of any country because it ensures that the workforce is in good shape to contribute to the economy of the country. In this regard, every government tries to put in place mechanisms that will increase the quality of health that people receive. It has been noted that Australian males live for relatively longer years compared to other males in the world. Nevertheless, compared to their women, Australian males live for shorter years. On the same note, the health standards of Australian males differ from group to group. Therefore, the government came up with the National Male Health Policy Australia (2010). The policy aims at meeting the specific needs of different male groups which have been proven to be distinctive to every group. Moreover, the policy is designed in a way that makes health information available to health professionals, society and all males in an easy way. Policy analysis is important in ensuring that the policy is all-encompassing and addresses all the pending issues. Rationale for Analysis The policy is supposed to address the inequality of health services between men and women. The idea that women live longer on average compared to men raised questions that needed answers. Similarly, there was a need to decide how much finances each part of the divide would receive. The areas that are crucial for the success of the policy require higher funding (Buse, Mays & Walt 2005). Most importantly, consultations with the people that would be affected by the policy were crucial. Without proper involvement of the people, the success of any policy remains vague. Consultations with Concerned Groups In developing the policy, the concerned groups were consulted to ensure that the policy would be all-inclusive. In this regard, the government conducted surveys to gather health information from these people and use it to formulate the policy (Biddle 2012). Consequently, around 1300 people from various parts of Australia and va
An analysis of the patient’s history indicates that the patient was on treatment prior to the unfortunate blackout and shoulder dislocation. Nurse J’s history on the patient shows the patient was previously on a treatment with hydrochlorothiazide, crestor, and lortab among other drugs (Becker, 2001). These facts should have been the greatest guide when selecting the diagnosis, failure to which there would have been a significant error and endangerment to the patient’s life. With this in mind the question the paper attempts to answer is, where exactly did Dr. T miscalculate the decision on the diagnosis to accord the patient? To answer the question, a root cause analysis of each decision has been considered as the following discussion outlines (Becker, 2001). The greatest mistake that Dr. T made was ignoring the company’s policies which state that, “the person conducting a moderate sedation must have had undergone training” (Lynn & Curry, 2011, p.3). Though nurse J had been trained, the doctor did not even try to consult her and this led to his sequential errors. As a result the doctor did not appropriately conduct the diagnosis and this was core to the events that followed afterwards. According to Lynn and Curry (2011) the following are required during moderate sedation; capnography, heart monitor, oxygen, and pulse oximeter. However, the doctor did not put this factor into consideration. Without the tools, the doctor could neither measure the response to the sedation appropriately nor sense when the situation of the patient was worsening (Lynn & Curry, 2011). The second big mistake that the doctor did was to administer excess drug into the patient. Lynn and Curry (2011) states that, “a patient goes to a deeper sedation level if excess drug is administered” (p.3). In this level, the patient will need to be helped to breath, and the blood pressure will also decrease significantly. Additionally, if the patient had heart related disease the situation would worsen further. It is noted that following moderate sedation the blood pressure of the patient decreased significantly and his situation of the patient worsened a big deal. This may be due to arrogance of the doctor on previous history which would have enabled him to know the impact of moderate sedation to the patient (Becker, 2001). The resulting events may have been as a result of the drugs he used in moderate sedation. For example, if a doctor mistakenly administers dilaudid in place of morphine the result is a sequence of events that leads to death of the patient (Becker, 2001). The third root cause was failure to provide the patient with supplement oxygen. Lynn and Curry (2011) states that, “a person undergoin
UNICEF is running an advertising campaign to save children across the world from hunger, exploitation, child labour and saving them from being sexually abused (UNICEF, 2). This paper will briefly discuss the concept of attention as used in the Save the Children Ad campaign run by UNICEF. It will also show how the initial attention is used to produce an action from the viewer. According to Blythe (36), in consumer behaviour theory, attention refers to the selective attention and reading of messages that suits the consumer. An advertisement will have a number of messages, some intended and some unintended. Consumers may focus and concentrate their attention on certain aspects of the Ad while missing or ignoring the main intended message. Advertisers try to minimise this drift of the attention focus and attract visitors and attempt to get them to react. Good Goes is a registered body that performs childcare programs on behalf of UNICEF. This organisation is running a number of Ad campaigns (Good Goes, 1). The arrangement of the Ads is as a horizontal slide show, placed horizontally across the web page. The advertiser has skilfully used images of some good-looking children along with some destitute ones. All efforts are taken to represent children from different ethnic origins such as Black, Asian, White and Chinese. The gallery of the slide show gives the image of the child and one can click on the image to view some more details. The images are kept clean and bright and the text is brief and concise without overburdening the reader. The Ads also do not feature dirty looking or obviously sick looking. The reader is at once influenced by the children and would want people to react immediately (Good Goes, 1). After getting the attention of the reader, consumer behaviour theory suggests that the respondent must ponder, think, weigh the advantages and disadvantages and decide to make a purchase decision. In some cases, the decision to buy a product, subscribe for a service or donate for a cause can be impulsive. In many cases, the advertiser would want to encourage impulsive buying. The advertisements from UNICEF also want to encourage this impulsive reaction from the customer. The main intention of the Ads is to increase awareness of the cause of children and to obtain the attention of the reader. Once the reader has viewed the details and given his attention, the next reaction would be to take action. There are different ways in which the viewer can be involved (Good Goes, 1), (Blythe, 42). The ways are to support the cause, to give or donate funds, to join the program and to advocate the cause of the organisation. The main Ads are a continuation of the theme of helping to save and protect children. The Ad is termed successful only after the viewer has turned his attention to action. Support can be in the form of training local health staff so that they can provide care for children and the mother. The action of Give is to dona
The incident occurred just before half past noon when the president’s limousine entered Dealey Plaza. The gunshots began when the Depository was behind the limousine. According to the witnesses, they recalled three shots. During that moment, the reaction from the crowd was minimal to the first shot as many felt had perceived the sound of exhaust backfire of a vehicle. From the information received from the Warren inquiry and the Committee on murders, the President was shot from the upper back. The shot infiltrated his neck and exited through his gullet. This was when he waved to people on his right. After the gunshot, the president lifted clasped fists to his neck and bent frontward and to his left. As the president’s wife placed her hands around Kennedy in fear, the shot also infiltrated the rear, upper body, right hand, and left upper leg of the Governor (Fletcher, 6). The last gunshot happened when the Presidential limousine was fleeting in frontage of Neely Bryan North Pergola’s solid composition. The impact of the last shot produced a fist-sized hole on the back head of the President. This covered the inside of the car and a close motorcycle official with blood and brain tissue. The employees at Parkland Sanatorium’s Trauma Room 1 who put Kennedy on medication established that he had no possibility of surviving. Dr. Burkley who was the President’s private physician noticed that the head injury was the reason for his demise. He, later on, signed President’s decease certificate. During that particular day at1:00 p.m. after heart surgery had finished and a cleric had overseen the final rites, the President was declared dead. The persons who were also injured included Governor Connally who was traveling in a similar limousine in frontage of Kennedy. He was critically hurt but stayed alive. His survival was due to the Governor’s wife who dragged him on her legs. The resultant stance aided in closing his frontage chest wound. This helped in obstructing the air from entering directly into his chest around the buckled right lung. Another victim of the gunshots was James Tague who was an onlooker and eyewitness to the assassination. He got a slight injury on his right cheek when standing eighty-two meters in front of where the president was shot. The wound happened when a bullet fragment hit a close-by curb (Bugliosi, 23). After the killing, Harvey Oswald was arrested in connection to the murder of a police officer, Ti