ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Stories about CIA Drug distribution in South America and the United States have been addressed several times but with precautions. This is attributed to the fact that the key players in the scandals are significant images to the authorities, therefore being in a position to dictate the flow of activities. For instance, the FBI found out that president Bush of the United States used his position to open up flight routes into the state from the South American that led to drug trafficking. This was done under the watch of the Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S media, which were at the center to protect these unworthy actions. In addition, the military fraternities also play a key role in the whole scandal by offering security to the traffickers through cracking down the enemies who disregard their practices and even torturing or murdering them (Johnson, 2012, p. 481). The stories are valid as well elaborated by the critical investigation groups like the FBI, which indicates that the acts of CIA Drug distribution have long been going on between the South America and the United States under the watch of the leaders. Even the media, which is supposed to address the issue, remain silent and collaborate with the CIA in drug trafficking all in the move to generate enormous profits to strengthen their economy. Besides New York, several cities are faced with corruption problems. Among them includes California, Bell, Maywood and Vernon. In the most of the cities, the system of governance is the central cause of the vice. For instance, the city councils have all the mandate to handle the revenues thus end up paying themselves and other city officials large sum of salaries. They also squander public funds on private affairs. The citizens are denied the opportunity to express their concern over the issues and are left to suffer at the expense of their servants. The cities therefore face minimum attention in terms of provision of basic amenities, which lead to low rate of economic growth, thus increase in low standards of living among the citizens (Delaney, 2003). Ideally, it is not more difficult to be an ethical officer in a big city than in a small to medium size community because proper organizational skills are the key to success. This includes putting measures in place for accountability in one’s duties and proper education to the public for efficient revenue collection. In big cities, the major hindrance is the ability to be in a position to mobilize mass of people to have a single objective that is driven at economic empowerment. Hackers should be criminally prosecuted for breaking into government computers because they interfere with important information stored in the computers. Hackers are criminals that have ill intentions and can cause serious damage or leaking out of sensitive information to the public, which finally might create commotions within a given government (Mckenzie, 2011, p.56). Government has internal issues that are very confidential and therefore when hacked, the normal running
Nurses are the medical professionals who contact with the patients most frequently. Hence, they need to adhere to specific rules and moral regulations that can help them coordinate their decisions. Ethics is an indispensable part of the therapeutic practice. Individuals who strive to acquire the nursing qualification are required to follow the ideals and moral standards of the profession (ANA , 2015). Also, they need to embrace them as a nurse mission. This essay aims to analyze and describe Provisions 1 and 3, highlighting each of the tenets and providing relevant examples. Provision 1 Nurses should treat every person they encounter during the period of accomplishing their responsibilities with equal respect and compassion. The first tenet highlights the importance of respecting the values and rights of each individual (ANA, 2015). Generally, it means that there is no room for discrimination, which might harm the patient instead of healing them appropriately. The second principle is very closely connected with the first one: the nurse should build trusting relationships putting their possibly arisen bias aside (ANA, 2015). Strictly speaking, the nurse should treat the patients with an equal level of attention and consideration. For example, the professional should obtain the consent for accomplishing the medical procedures from the white lawyer and Asian shopkeeper uniformly. Nurses are ideal for providing the most comfortable situation for the patients and respecting their rights for self-determination. It should be noted that nurses do not have any moral powers to make the patients forcefully give their agreements for the treatment operations. Last but not least, respect and regard are spread to all the interactions they build. This postulate ensures reducing the number of conflicts and contributing to the transparency in one of the most critical positions for the society. As a result, Provision 1 policies are essential for forming solid relationships at the nurses’ work and life. Provision 3 No patient would like their information to be used without their consent or disclosed for third parties. Therefore, nurses need to pay much attention to keeping confidentiality and privacy. For instance, nurses should not intrude on patients’ privacy by sharing their personal or clinical information according to their experience. This action is possible only if the agreement with the patients is reached. In addition to that, medical professionals should respect the subjects’ rights to know all things about human research participation (ANA, 2015). The history of HeLa cells is to be honored, and the analogous situations need to be addressed accordingly. Furthermore, nurses are better at sustaining their personal and professional development by learning the results of novel research and questioning the practices when needed (ANA, 2015). Such measures can be used for achieving the attention to details and comprehending detail-based approach in treatment. As n
Every college student has sat through lectures in which the professor does not say anything except how good he/she is. Sometimes it seems humanities professors think they can say whatever they want in the classroom, whether it is the leftist professor criticizing capitalism or the invasion of Iraq, or the conservative professor ridiculing “tree huggers” and global warming alarmists. In my own experience, most humanities faculty members come into the classroom with an agenda. A lot of students and their parents do not like that and have tried to get laws passed against professors who want to fill students’ head with their own ideas, and especially against professors who grade student work according to how much they agree with them. However, most people agree that making laws against free speech can be dangerous because those laws can be abused by parents, students and other faculty members. It will be argued in this essay that indoctrination in the classroom must be stopped but diversity must be encouraged. In other words, professors should be allowed to advocate their own political and social views in the classroom, but must never try to force their students to accept them. On the liberal left of the academic freedom issue is Professor Michael Bérubé who describes his classrooms as “places where students and professors can pursue illuminating analogies, develop trains of thought, play devil’s advocate, and make connections between past and present” (2). He says the conservative right is the real threat to academic freedom because it wants to limit his freedom of speech by making it illegal for professors to show any disrespect for students’ religious or political opinions no matter how “misinformed these might be,” says Bérubé (2). He analyzes the statement issued by the American Association of University Professors’ Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure, “Freedom in the Classroom,” which he says seems to defend professors against attacks by the right wing but actually helps the right by insisting that everything a professor says must be “relevant.” In other words, Bérubé approves of the statement but worries that it might be used to suppress freedom of speech by setting criteria that other groups can use against professors like himself. The statement by Committee A centers on what Bérubé calls the right’s four most common complaints:  1. instructors ‘indoctrinate’ rather than educate;  2. instructors fail fairly to present conflicting views on contentious subjects, thereby depriving students of educationally essential ‘diversity’ or ‘balance’;  3. instructors are intolerant of students’ religious, political, or socioeconomic views, thereby creating a hostile atmosphere inimical to learning;  4. instructors persistently interject material, especially of a political or ideological character, irrelevant to the subject of instruction. (Finkin 2) He completely agrees wit
Major Distinctions Zinn’s and Schweikart’s opinions concerning the issue of democracy in |American society are often seen as polarizing since their perspectives have been significantly politicized and typically attached to the Democratic and Republican type of rhetoric accordingly. Despite the attempts to distance their views from each other, they share quit a range of characteristics, including the focus on the general well-being of all citizens (Grabar, 2019). However, there are significant distinctions in Zinn’s and Schweikart’s personal assumptions, beliefs, and values, which can be traced in their key writings. Specifically, Zinn’s writing portrays the author’s democratic position and liberal views quite accurately. Namely, Zinn’s personal assumptions concerning the problem of racism and colonialism as the cornerstone of inequality in the U.S. are represented clearly in the book. In turn, Schweikart’s assumptions regarding individual freedoms are also demonstrated accurately in his work, opposing those of Zinn. Key Distinction Similarly, the major distinction between Zinn’s and Schweikart’s beliefs can be summarized as the differences in their perspectives on the Cold War. Particularly, unlike Zinn, who tended to emphasize the limitations and problems of capitalism, thus conceding that certain middle ground could be located between the two opposing sides, Schweikart insisted on reinforcing the traditional perspective on capitalism as the crucial driving force behind the U.S. progress. Biases Noticed Due to the uncompromising perspectives that both opponents held in regard to their views, each of them was prone to a certain amount of bias in his perspective. Namely, the presence of personal judgments in both opponents’ ideas, as well as the propensity toward using a straw man in the development of their arguments, reduced the validity of their arguments. At the same time, it would be wrong to dismiss the authors’ perspectives as overly politicized; instead, they should be viewed in the context of the argument as suggestions worth considering and incorporating some of their elements into an improved policy. Reference Grabar, M. (2019). Debunking Howard Zinn: Exposing the fake history that turned a generation against America . Simon and Schuster.
Introduction   * Dental care services are not included in the Medicare program. This denies the vulnerable aged population access to oral health care services (Macek et al., 2017)   * This bill seeks to amend the Social Security Act Title XVIII, which does not cover dental service under the Medicare program   * The congress will decide whether to include dental care in Medicare   * I chose the bill because it will improve population oral health if enacted Overview of the Bill   * The bill was first introduced by Ms. Barragán, on May 23, 2019, in the116 th Congress (2019–2021).   * The rule number is H. R. 2951 and it is titled “Medicare Dental Benefit Act of 2019”.   * The bill was first mentioned in the house of congress, it was later referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce (Willink et al., 2016).   * A definition of dental and oral health service has been made in the bill. In addition, areas of Medicare coverage, Payment and limit specification, as well as coverage of routine diagnostic preventive care and services have been discussed. Direct and indirect stakeholders   * Hospital and dental schools (Indirect)   * Service recipients, and their caregivers (direct)   * Policymakers (indirect)   * Oral foundations, patients advocacy groups, and oral coalitions (indirect)   * Oral health primary care, dentist, and their professional associations( direct)   * .Pharmaceuticals and insurance companies (direct), these stakeholders are not supporting the bill SWOT Analysis of the Bill Strengths The bill aims at improving access to oral healthcare service by the old people in the community, who are more vulnerable to dental problems. The bill has support from various advocacy group or coalitions, dental physicians, and caretakers. Weakness There is overdependence in private pharmaceutical and insurance companies. These firms are in business, they maximize profit at the expense of the citizens and the government. Reimbursement rates, Prospective Payment System (PPS) rates, and billing for multiple encounters. Congress voters are easily influenced by some firms and organizations. Opportunity Adoption of a differential PPS rate (Maserat et al., 2020). There is a lack of awareness of the importance of routine daily care in society. The majority of the population, in the US, are approaching 65 years. This is the eligible age to join Medicare. There is room for dental coverage expansion. Threats Lack of health promotion program for preventive care. Deficiencies in public health. Health care disparities across populations due to socioeconomic status. Lack of sufficient knowledge on the importance of oral health care for the elderly among the policymakers. Effects of the Bill on Stakeholders   * The profit margin gained by pharmaceuticals and insurance companies will reduce significantly (Slavkin et al., 2017). This is because the bill will regulate prices for covered individuals.   * Oral health care in the U.S population will improve because access to dental services for patients will reduce.   * Payment and limits for dental and oral health services imposed by the bill will affect government expenditure. This is be
Discussion Eliezer Wiesel was born on September 30, 1928 in Sighet town, Romania. Sighet is a mall Balkan town in the province of Transylvania. This province had been part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the end of World War 1. This province had the Romanian majority, and was therefore captured by Romania when Austria was defeated in the war. The province was again annexed by Hungary with the support of Germany in 1940. The Jews community of Sighet had relatively good relations with Romanian and Hungarian neighbors up until 1944. The Jew community made up more than one-third of the people inhabiting Sighet when Wiesel was born. The majority of these people were poor laborers, artisans and shopkeepers. In 1944, many Jews from Sighet and outlying villages were deported to concentration camps, where majority were harshly massacred. Wiesel’s father died at Buchewald of dysentery and starvation shortly before the camp was liberated by the American army in 1945. On liberation, Wiesel and other Jewish orphans were placed on a train heading to Belgium. Out of compassion for children, the French General Charles De Gaulle, had it diverted to France. While in France, he began secondary education and rapidly learnt French with the assistance of generous French tutors. The French language became his language of freedom and literature. To find some philosophical meaning in what had happened to the Jewish people, his family, and himself, Wiesel undertook studies on philosophy, psychology, and literature in 1948. Wiesel got great encouragement from Francois Mauriac, the French Roman Catholic novelist and philosopher. In 1954, when Wiesel interviewed Mauriac, he began to talk about how Christians and Jews had in common. Mauriac then narrated the sufferings of Jesus on the cross. Wiesel was angered as he informed Mauriac that only 10 years before, so many Jewish children had suffered infinitely more than Jesus. Mauriac responded to Wiesel by encouraging him to speak about it. He was told that he had the responsibility to share his concentration camp experiences with the world. Mauriac also told him that it was wrong for him to have maintained silence all this time. These sentiments encouraged Wiesel and he began to write about the Holocaust. Wiesel has received numerous a wards and prizes over the years including a Nobel Peace Prize in 1986. The writings of Elie Wiesel can be grouped in the perspective for both literary and theology. His major works have tended to experiment with genres that are alternate. For instance, in the novels Souls on Fire (1970) and Messengers of God, Wiesel presents a Hasidic and Midrashic collection of stories. Wiesel also wrote cantata in Ani Maamin
Introduction The past decade has been marked by the significant expansion of both public and private healthcare insurance systems around the world. The increasing internal use of pharmaceuticals in China, as well as the country’s evolving role as a major contributor in the global pharma value chain, have coincided with “the period covering patents of former high revenue blockbuster drugs about to expire” (Grimes & Miozzo, 2015, p. 1873), which has been driving down the industry’s revenues. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the operating model of the global pharma value chain. The aim of this paper is to discuss recent developments in the global pharmaceutical industry. The paper will focus on internationalization of pharmaceutical R&D activities within China. The topic has been chosen because it is a globally discussed issue that can help in understanding how globalization and the evolving healthcare needs of emerging economies will lead to changes in big pharma. R&D Internationalization The pharmaceutical industry is often described as a sector of economic activity that requires one of the highest R&D intensities (Hu, Scherngell, Qiu, & Wang, 2015). R&D expenses that contribute to enormous pressures on the growth of big pharma have become one of the key drivers for the development of internationalization strategies. In order to reduce the negative impact of the increased control of the US government over the pharmaceutical industry, big companies have offshored their clinical research and trial activities to China and other emerging economies (Gautam & Pan, 2016). According to a recent study, more than 25% of the revenue of most pharmaceutical companies is derived from BRIC countries (Gautam & Pan, 2016). Another study shows that due to the West to East dynamics in the industry, the Chinese pharmaceutical sector grew by more than $3 billion from 2000 to 2011 (Ni et al., 2017). Researching the topic has brought to light that despite R&D internationalization being a boon to the Chinese economy, pharmaceutical innovation faces many obstacles in the country. China’s regulators, such as the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) and the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), have created numerous regulatory barriers that slow down both the application and registration process. This means that in order to decrease drug development costs, the country needs to optimize the work of its examination institutes, which handle 7,000 applications on an annual basis (Wang & Li, 2015). Imperfect regulation undermines the integrity and efficiency of drug development, thereby reducing the growth rate of the industry. Grimes and Miozzo (2015) pointed to the fact that “the most significant costs of establishing remote R&D labs are more related to institutional barriers to effective communications rather than physical distance” (p. 1873). Therefore, the Chinese government needs to understand that in order to have a knowledge-based economy, it should perfectly position big pharma subsidiaries within its pharmaceutical industry. The Ethics of Global Clinical Trials Many of the pharmaceutical research activities of US com
Introduction The promotion of health care for different populations is a significant topic for discussion. Many factors may influence the burden of diseases, and demographic forces, including migration, cannot be ignored (Silva-Sadder, 2013; Skolnik, 2016). A variety of cultural values should not predetermine the quality of healthcare services, and there are two cases that help to clarify the importance of cross-cultural healthcare. Things for Learning After reading the cases, several interesting aspects were identified as a portion of new information with a deeper context. They include the need for medical interpretations, a collaboration between colleagues, and the application of alternative medicine. Each lesson can improve the skills of nurses, leaders, and other medical staff. Medical Interpretations Many patients with different cultural backgrounds and knowledge may address the same hospital. Though it is not always possible to be ready for the influx of migrants, medical leaders should have backup plans to interpret medical treatments and promote examinations in the right way. The impact of such interpretations may vary regarding the nature of a disease. Collaboration The case of Diane Mathis shows that quick steps and rational decision making are not always effective. Though the leader makes the provision of health care to all Somali patients in the hospital possible, she fails to promote effective communication between the medical workers (“Diane Mathis Case,” 2009). The result of this shortage is the inability to cope with mass immigration issues. Alternative Medicine A cultural variety of patients may lead to different outcomes. One of them is the choice of alternative medicine without an appropriate medical consultation (“Alejandro Flores Case,” 2009). Instead of taking immediate steps in treating a patient, families find it normal to rely on their cultural values, traditions, and personal interpretations of their physical conditions. Things for Practical Application The two important lessons were taken from the offered case studies. Employee organizational initiative and communication with the representatives of different cultures are the effective steps that can be taken by medical workers. Such solutions turn out to be a good chance for hospitals to avoid unpredictable and hard-to-control situations in emergency departments. Organizational Initiative Not many employees find it necessary to talk to each other and discuss the existing problems. Today, the generational status of health is not stable, and health workers should contribute to an understanding of a health concept between pati