ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Food analysis is essential in the food industry because it guarantees safety, quality, and nutrition to consumers. According to Nielsen (2017), international bodies, governments, and manufacturers collaborate in setting standards of food production to protect consumers from poor nutrition and contamination. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Food Standards Australian New Zealand (FSANZ), and independent bodies have formulated elaborate standards, which stipulate the chemical composition and microbial content of various types of food. Therefore, this report undertakes food analyses of hibiscus macaroon to determine its nutritional composition and microbiological contaminants. Chemical Analysis Background Methods of food analysis were utilized to evaluate the chemical composition of hibiscus macaroon. Chemical analysis was determined using methods established by the Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC) and described by Haghi and Carvajal-Millan (2014). The AOAC offers robust, sensitive, and specific methods of food analysis methods that generate valid and accurate results. The use of established methods allows the comparison of results with food standards in various jurisdictions. In this case, the study compared results with standards of FSANZ. Hibiscus macaroon was prepared in the same way as the product used in the experiment for food analysis. To produce a homogenous mixture, the sample was blended thoroughly. Moreover, the sample was stored at freezing conditions (-18 0 C) to ensure integrity and maintain the quality of food during analysis. Results of Chemical Analysis Table 1 indicates components of hibiscus macaroon analyzed and values of each sample, means, and their respective standard deviations. Food analysis examined three samples (n = 3) and assessed crude fat, moisture content, total solids, and ash per 100g of the sample (g/100g). Table 1: Results of Chemical Analysis. Component      Samples            Mean          Standard Deviation                 1. 8.126%                                          Crude Fat       2. 9.334%         8.833g/100g   0.630                              3. 9.040%                                                          1. 12.385%                                         Moisture        2. 12.250%        12.318g/100g  0.001                              3. 12..097%                                                        1. 87.615 g/100g                                   Total solids    2. 87.75g/100g    87.755g/100g  0.143                              3. 87.903 g/100g                                                   1. 2.073g/100g                                     Ash             2. 2.094g/100g    2.061g/100g   0.038                              3. 2.019g/100g                                     Carbohydrates  –                  76.83g/100g   –                   Crude Fat Soxhlet method was used to determine the percent of crude fat in hibiscus macaroon. The principle of the Soxhlet method entails evaporation, concentration, and extraction of lipid from food material due to its limited solubility (Nielsen 2014). To e
Maintaining a sustainable environment is vital for allocating and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). SDGs are vital. The United Arab Emirates has significantly contributed to the SDGs accomplishment to preserve the environment and balance the social and economic factors (Fukudaa and Ouchidab, 2020). It signifies that the goals should be integrated in order to achieve equilibrium in society and transform it for better living on the planet. Similar to other countries, the UAE is highly exposed to climate change, including damages from sea-level rise, weather events, and others; thus, the government placed this issue at the top of its priorities. UAE is increasingly concerned with climate change as it is at risk of facing severe droughts, warmer temperatures, and flood (Fukudaa and Ouchidab, 2020). As a result, the state decided to address this problem by actively participating in Vision programs aimed at achieving SDGs. Due to the issue’s increased alertness, the country reacted quickly to implement changes to improve the situation. Primarily, the UAE gave a new title to the Ministry of Environment and Water. Now it is named the Ministry of Climate Change and Environment so that it deals more with the global warming problems (Vu, 2017). Second, UAE established a program according to which the clean energy sources will be used to generate at least 24% of energy. Moreover, the state council decided to ally with the private sector to conduct research related to energy preservation. At the global level, the country partnered with the U.S. to launch initiatives to save the global energy market. In addition, the UAE decided to draw the public’s attention to notify them and urge them to participate in achieving this SDG. As a part of this venture, the government held awareness campaigns to promote conscious behavioral patterns in order to conserve the environment and its natural resources. In May 2014, they hosted an event for the members of the government, the private sector, and other stakeholders (Fukudaa and Ouchidab, 2020). The gathering’s objective was to create a sense of awareness and urge the participants to take actions for fighting climate change. Another step towards achieving the goal related to climate change was launching environmental education programs, which have become one of the most eminent sustainable development constituents. The primary objective of this initiative was the inclusion of environmental-related content into the school curricula. Moreover, the UAE created the “Our Generation”
Introduction First reported in Wuhan in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a global catastrophe with huge economic implications (Hazra, 2020). The UAE had reported 316,875 cases and 888-related deaths as of February 4, 2021 (International Monetary Fund, 2021). Closure of public places and travel restrictions are some of the measures taken to contain the virus’s spread. Japan reported the first COVID-19 case on January 16, 2020, prompting the government to take several measures to contain the spread of the virus (International Monetary Fund, 2021). Examples include entry bans for people that have visited affected countries over the past 14 days and lockdowns in all Japanese prefectures. Although the measures taken to prevent the spread of the disease are critical for public safety, they have significant economic implications. The paper compares the impacts of the disease on UAE and Japan’s economies and the governments’ measures to fix the economies. It will also evaluate the economic outlook after implementing the various fiscal and monetary policies and provide recommendations to enhance better outcomes. Impact of COVID-19 on the Economy The pandemic has affected the economies of the UAE and Japan significantly. The UAE has had one of the strictest lockdowns globally, affecting the supply chains of numerous businesses in a country where trade, transportation, and tourism are the economy’s backbone. A significant decline in economic activity and lowering oil prices led to GDP projections of -6.6 percent for 2020, which could improve in 2021 because of the government’s policies to revive the economy (Hazra, 2020). For instance, a stimulus package of approximately 18 percent of the GDP will help small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and consumers adversely affected by the pandemic. Although key economic indicators have worsened over the period, the measures taken to control the disease’s spread have worked because the UAE remains a safe travel destination. The IMF projects a 1.3 percent economic recovery by 2021, likely to revive the key economic sectors. The rollout of vaccines is likely to change how the government manages the situation, which will significantly impact the economy. People’s doubts about their families’ safety and the disease may disappear after vaccination. In Japan, the service sector sentiment index worsened, especially after the lockdown measures in Tokyo and other areas with huge economic activity. The confidence of service sector workers, such as hotel and restaurant workers and taxi drivers, about the current economic status, has declined by 3.1 points (Kaneko, 2021). The government has also reported a weakening economy, which could worsen with the extension of containment measures taken to control the virus’s spread. A shrinking economy means decreasing GDP growth, increasing unemployment, and inflation because of the rapid rise in essential commodities prices. T
Little has been done in regards to the destructive effects of the Tamil Tigers insurgency in Sri Lanka. This terror group has negatively impacted peaceful co-existence of populations both within Sri Lanka and the entire region in South Asia. There is an urgent need for the Foreign Service community, the local intelligence, and the domestic security to give adequate attention to the growing influence of this insurgency. It is imperative to mention that the Tamil Tigers insurgency in Sri Lanka has significantly affected both the international and regional security in South Asia (Picciotto and Weaving 76). Worse still, this insurgent group is believed to be closely coordinated with other overseas insurgent groups in the sense that they interact financially, technologically, and ideologically. It is the same insurgent group that has expanded its network to be referred to as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Unless the infrastructure and terror strategies of this group are understood well, it will be quite cumbersome to handle its effects in Sri Lanka, South Asia, and the world at large. Even though Tamil Tigers operates in South Asia, it originated in northern Sri Lanka before the beginning of the 1980s. It is pertinent to mention that there were several packets of terror during the 70s even before the insurgent group could be fully known in South Asia. Jaffna peninsula was one of the earliest affected regions by acts of terror. There are also quite a several pieces of literature which assert that Sri Lanka was destabilized by the formidable LTTE terror group that was established in 1972 (Swamy 96). It took two years before this group could start operating as a terror group. This explains why the Tamil New Tigers started becoming more popular during the mid-70s. The ring leader of this new terror outfit had been declared an outright criminal by the Sri Lankan authorities. The activities of the Tamil insurgents were heavily boosted by their remarkable international presence. Since their operations were known across the globe, the insurgent group was domestically and internationally recognized. Hence, the group became more resilient and was also capable of surviving several war threats back home. This group did not receive any financial aid for most of the years when they were fighting both the government and the international security system. However, during the 1983 riots that involved various ethnic groups, the insurgent group began receiving sympathetic assistance in the form of finances. There were quite a several Tamils who were keen on advancing the objectives of the insurgent group. The Tamils were later united as a cohesive community after the ethnic riots. Both camps of t
Definition Import indexes are an estimation of aggregate price changes from a base year. The Bureau of Labor Statistics sets the base year 2000 as 100. The other changes that exceed the value indicate increases above the year 2000 price aggregate. International Labour Office et al. (2009) define the price index as “a value ratio about two periods that measures the overall changes in prices between the two periods” (p. 358). The indexes measure the changes in aggregate prices that have occurred relative to the base year. A 10-year analysis of significant changes The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) offers monthly indexes to changes in aggregate import prices. According to BLS (2014), import indexes increased from January 2003 towards June 2008 (see Appendix A). The values show combinations of increases and decrease a few months towards the end of 2008. The annual trend shows a decline in 2009 (see Graph 1). In 2010, the values again resumed their steady incremental trend. There was a combination of increases and decreases between 2011 and 2012. In 2013, the values declined almost steadily from 140.1 in January to 137.9 in December (see Appendix A). The indexes are expected to increase gradually because most countries have an annual inflation rate above 1%. It only becomes unusual when the values decrease. The rapid rise in 2007-2008 could have been caused by the credit boom in the U.S. before the financial crisis immediately after the boom. The financial crisis resulted in a lower demand for goods and services. Financial institutions were restricting credit to only those with stable cash flows. Unemployment rates were higher, which reduced aggregate demand. Companies were eager to regain the same level of revenue that they had before the crisis. It became necessary to lower prices to maintain the desired revenue levels. Exchange rates may cause changes in the import indexes. The 2013 decline could have been caused by changes in exchange rates (see Appendix B). Appreciation makes imports cheaper. According to Appendix C, the USD depreciated against major currencies. The graphs in Appendix C show that the USD depreciated against the Chinese yen, British pounds, Indian Rupee, and the Euro. It goes against the expected trend where the depreciation of the USD is supposed to cause an increase in the import indexes. It shows that the decline in indexes was caused by another factor. It is likely a decrease in demand for imports, which could have caused a decline in demand for foreign exchange. Graph 1 The table below indicates that annual average values declined from the previous year in 2009, and 2013. All other annual averages are incremental from the previous year. The indicator is leading when it causes importers to purchase commodities sooner than expected when they anticipate the USD to depreciate. It is lagging when it causes importers to wait for the dollar to appreciate before they import commodities. For example, towards the end of 2013, it was a leading period for
The introduction to intelligence-led policing and how it has effected modern policing in the United States This study identifies Intelligence led policing by the acronym IPL. It is a radical policing model which began in the United Kingdom. It is an intelligence-based policing method whereby law enforcement operations are guided by crime analysis techniques, data collection and accurate interpretation of events based on foreknowledge within a given crime environment. Legal and security scholars attempt to define intelligence–led policing based on their respective views. However, it appears that there is yet to be a globally accepted definition of the concept of ILP since its inception because of its complex and dynamic nature (Lyman, 2010). The United States accords priority to national security. Policy makers tend to believe that a “discreet” policing strategy is essential in revealing “clandestine” high-profile organized crimes. Modern policing approaches inspire the development of a new format and application process that assumes an entirely different dimension. They lead to the research for new ideas on the law enforcement mechanisms. This study observes the need for new realistic changes in policing methods in order to eliminate the inadequacies and challenges of former surveillance methods. Policy makers underscore the need for innovations and legal frameworks to deal with criminal activities in the contemporary period (Osterburg & Ward, 2010). How the events of 9/11 and post 9/11 led to the inception intelligence-led policing in the United States. The role of intelligence-led policing in the United Kingdom and how it influences intelligence led policing in the United States The 9/11 terrorist attacks revealed new security challenges that appeared to be beyond the capacity of the policing innovation of previous decades. Policy makers and intelligence experts arrived at the decision that the nature of criminal activities had become complex. This aspect required a new era of intelligence–led policing. The ILP as a policing model utilizes assessment and risk management approaches. The post 9/11 security study led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security in the US (Rangel, 2010). The terrorist aggression against the US government and authorities oversaw the need for countries to unite against criminal activities. World states condemned the terrorist act and called for enforcement bodies to formulate global collaboration efforts to enable sharing of intelligence and data regarding terrorism and other crime issues. This paper suggests that this global partnership foster an environment of collection of significant data relating to identificati
An illustration comparing crossing the border to the plight of Mexican American studies supporters who want to get the books and curriculum back into the TUSD. Introduction Social inequalities and discrimination against a particular group are menaces in the United States. Many instances of discrimination are encountered in different sectors, such as the health and education sector. One of the significant groups that face challenges in America is Mexican Americans. Many Mexican Americans have been discriminated against and stereotyped in schools and bullied by their peers. For instance, many people associate them with drugs and crime. Poverty is another aspect that contributes to the challenges experienced by many Mexican Americans. Although different minority groups experience various challenges, Mexican-Americans are among the groups that experience many challenges in the United States. Racial Discrimination Public school enrollment for minority races set to increase. How racial barriers contribute to the struggles faced by Mexican Americans has been hotly debated in the U.S. Race-based discrimination is one of the significant aspects that has led to the poor performance of many Mexican Americans students. Many people who experience racism become stressed and, in some cases, develop depression and other mental disorders. 1 Racially discriminated students face challenges when coping with stress and schoolwork, limiting their performance. Minorities have high chances of being racially discriminated against in schools. Most Mexican American students have been racially discriminated against by their schoolmates. Such students may avoid engaging in discussions with students from other races to prevent discrimination. Many children who face racial discrimination are likely to have low self-esteem, leading to poor social skills. In some cases, teachers discriminate against Mexican American students, contributing to their increased challenges. 2 For instance, some teachers do not like engaging Mexican American students in school projects. Hispanics’ dropout rate is evident in enrollment at various levels. Unfair and discriminatory treatment against Mexican American students has contributed to the increased number of school dropouts. 3 Typically, school life becomes challenging for students who face discrimination as they feel unappreciated and unwanted in that environment, leading to dropout cases. Poor academic outcomes steered by racial discrimination have also led to many Mexican American school dropouts. 4 In this case, poor grades contribute to stress and low s
In her story, “Like a Winding Sheet,” Anne used the element of the plot to arrange narrative points in a way that makes the readers understand her story. She divides the story into exposition, rising the action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Anne uses exposition to provide background information about the characters and setting of the story. For instance, she reveals a character by the name of Johnson, an African-American, and his wife, Mae. We find Johnson nursing his aching leg making him feel lazy to go to work. Mae is flirting with her husband by mocking his effort to hurry for work despite the aching leg, and Johnson complains humorously (Gates and McKay 1497). The story starts by raising the action with Mae believing that the thirteenth, which is a Friday, is a bad day and does not want to go to work (Gates and McKay 1498). Johnson is not for the idea of her staying at home doing nothing. According to him, a payday is universally a lucky day without contradiction. After a long argument with his wife, he realizes that he is late and leaves for work. The climax of the story is when Johnson arrives at his workplace and Mrs. Scott, his boss, confronts him (Gates and McKay 1499). Mrs. Scott does not buy his explanations and continues to scold him and, in the process, say awful words to him. Johnson feels that Mrs. Scott’s words are out of racism, and he gets angry in the process. He feels like hitting her hard but controls himself and later regrets why he did not do it. He thinks that Mrs. Scott is using unethical words to address him because he is an African-American. The story’s falling action is characterized by Johnson visiting the restaurant after a busy workday (Gates and McKay 1501). He orders a cup of coffee in the restaurant but feels that the waiter did not serve him appropriately. He believes that the servant underestimated him during the service, therefore, making him angry. He thinks that the servant did not serve him properly because he is a Negro. He feels degraded and belittled because he is an African-American and goes home an angry person. His reaching home develops the resolution of the story (Gates and McKay 1503). He analyses his wife’s words and actions and equates them to that of the restaurant’s servant who served him. He decided to express his anger by being violent to his wife. A social behavior from the reading that exists in modern society is racism and its aftermath. History has led to black people
Early life of William Ayers William Charles Ayers also known as Bill Ayers was born in 1944 December 26th. In the nineteen sixties, Bill Ayers was known for being a strong activist, curriculum reforms, an educator and causing instruction changes. His parents raised him in a suburb known as Glen Ellyn, located in Chicago. He attended elementary schools in Illinois until he reached high school. In his 2nd year, Ayers changed his school to Lake Forest Academy. His family members, that is, his mother, father and brother attended the University of Michigan. He too went to the University of Michigan where he attained an American studies degree in 1968. His father, Thomas G. Ayers, assumed recognition due to being a chairman and CEO of commonwealth Edition between 1973 and 1980. The institution Thomas G. Ayers College of Commerce and Industry derived its name from his father. His mother’s name was Mary (Ayers, 2010) Ayers transformed into taking action against what he believed in after an interaction with the president of Students for a democratic republic. Paul Potter, the president to students for a democratic republic challenged his audience by asking them how they would live a life without making a mockery of their values. This was during a gathering by Ann Arbor that taught students to be against the Vietnam War. This inspired Ayers to write a memoir that contained a phrase that claimed that a moral person could not stand still while he has a means to act. This was in the memoir named Fugitive Days, where he claimed that a person who ignored action was an indifferent person; a person who lacked morals. He later engaged in a protest against Ann Harbor since she refuted acquiring the seat of African Americans. He begot a job at a Community school where he had his first experience in teaching. Students who supported the summer hill education system had formed this Pre-school. It functioned at a church basement and since it was rare, student enrollment appeared to be low. Ayer’s first arrest made him suffer a ten-day jail term due to attending a draft session before he got his teaching job. The summer school was part of a movement that aimed at changing the competition mode of