ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Oscar C is 6 years and 9 months and currently in Year 1. He was referred to the clinic by his paediatrician, Dr. X, who reported some characteristics of ADHD. A recent audiological assessment revealed significant auditory processing problems. A questionnaire which was completed by Oscar’s classroom teacher has also been provided. A brief, informal narrative sample gained by the clinician in the initial consultation revealed simplified syntax, compromised lexical diversity, immature use of specific grammatical forms and limited vocabulary and verbal fluency. Based on teacher report, case history information and Oscar’s narrative analysis, it is suspected that Oscar has a learning disability (LD). More specifically Language Learning Disability (LLD). LLD refers to language impairment which potentially affects all aspects of language, both spoken and written. Based on the information provided, it is fair to suspect that Oscar presents with LLD. However, this cannot be confirmed, nor can intervention commence, until further assessment has been conducted. The purpose of language assessment is to obtain information regarding comprehension and production of language (Paul, 2007). Within these two modalities, the three domains of language need to be evaluated, i.e.: content, form and use. Children, like Oscar, who are hyperactive and present with attention deficits have increasing difficulty trying to attend and concentrate over long periods of time (Miller, 1981). For this reason, the allocated two hours for assessment will be split over three sessions – each forty minutes in length. Session One Before the clinician commences with the assessment, it is important to take note of any specific concerns of the client and/or parent-centered issues. Mrs. C had reported that she did not understand why Oscar had been referred for speech pathology and felt that he would eventually grow out of it. It is the role of the clinician to explain the purpose of assessment and how early intervention could potentially benefit Oscar. Only once rapport has been established (with all parties) can assessment get underway. The CELF-4 will be administered first as this is the most comprehensive of all the tests, investigating disorders of content, form, and use (Paul, 2007). This is a good way to start assessment as the CELF-4 can help to pinpoint areas of difficulty so that they can be probed further. The CELF-4 is particularly useful in the case of Oscar as it covers a broad range of language abilities whilst, at the same time, minimizing student boredom by using age-dependent start points and discontinue rules to shorten test administration time. Due to time constraints, only the 4 core subtests will be administered. These are as follows;  1. Concepts and Following directions (C&FD) – Oscar’s teacher has reported that Oscar requires literal interpretation and needs visual clues to process
The short story by Edgar Allan Poe The Tell-Tale Heart is considered one of the most famous works and a classic example of gothic literature. It is interesting not only because of the tension a reader feels reading the story, but the style and approach of the writer to deliver the plot. It should be pointed out that the author was sure that short stories should be built according to the structure he used in The Tell-Tale Heart. The story is highly minimalistic: there is no description of the protagonist or settings, etc. Moreover, there is no hint on the issue of whether the main character is a man or a woman. On the contrary, Allan Poe described in the story the emotional state of the killer. So, the story tells about a person who killed an old man because the last one had a clouded, pale, blue “vulture-like” eye. The story is told by the killer: Alana Poe hints that the main character tells it to an inspector, an investigator, or somebody else. During the whole story, the protagonist tries to convince that he/she is not insane, still, his/her persuasion serves as the proof of the contrary: he/she suffers from some mental disease. Some experts admit that the problem the author uncovered was highly topical in the middle of the nineteenth century: the issue of whether an accused person who suffers from a mental illness should be reprieved or not. The first word of the story is like the reply to the question of whether he/she was nervous before the murder: “True! – nervous – very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?” (Poe 110). It is obvious from the phrase that the main character is sure that he/she is not insane and the crime was just an effect of nervousness: “How then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily – how calmly I can tell you the whole story” (Poe 110). One of the symptoms of delusion is the combination of clear consciousness and false propositions. The character clearly describes all that happened to him/her, but he/she cannot explain why he/she was irritated by the man’s eye. The character him/herself admit that he/she loved the man, and there was no motive to kill him: “Object there was none. Passion there was none” (Poe 110). Still, he/she was sure that he/she was in clear consciousness: delusion does not mean mental impairment. Mental illness is always accompanied by other mental diseases. The main character heard different sounds: “I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell”. Of course, this is not an argument to admit that the main character suffered from auditory hallucinations, it could sound outside. Still, there is evidence that proves the fact that the killer suffered from it. When the eighth time he/she came to the man’s room and saw his “vulture-like” eye he/she heard the sound of a beating heart: “there came to my ears a low, dull, quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton… It was the beating of the old man’s heart. It increase
Marisol is the play by a famous Puerto Rican playwright, Jose Rivera, created in 1992. The peculiar feature of this play is that the author attempts to combine the characteristics of real life with people who have to perform their duties and the imaginary world with the angles that are invisible protectors of human souls and obliged to go for a world to save the universe (Ramirez, 2000). There are many attributes which may perceive a better understanding of the play on stage, and the choice of proper lighting is one of such features. Each scene of the play should have special lighting, and to succeed in the choice of light, the lighting director has to cooperate with the team and the technical director in particular. My understanding of the play, as well as the message of the writer, makes me focus on the following images and ideas for lighting. Each image has its function, its uniqueness, and purpose. The colors chosen in the images help to underline the emotions and personal attitude to the events described in the play. Image One Each scene in the play is interesting in its way; still, one of the first most powerful impressions was the dialogue between Marisol and Man with Golf Club who admits the fact that “I am dead meat without my guarding angel! I’m gonna be food…” (Rivera, 1997, p.11). I choose such lighting for Scene 1(Act One) to underline the importance of his words and make the viewers focus their attention on that moment using bright colors. Red and black lighting may be appropriate in this scene to explain that absence of angel is not good, and people are under threat to die as both red and black colors may signify human death, despair, and hopelessness. Using such lighting, the role of one particular person may be underlined and described as the turning point in the story. Image Two The colors and the method of lighting used in this picture are also appropriate for some scenes in the play, and one of them is when the Angel talks about her p
Introduction Valerian or Valeriana officinalis is an herb that is most famous for its smell. It grows in Europe, some parts of Asia, and North America and its root is used to make medicine (Houghton, 2017). Valerian is traditionally used in pharmacology as a sedative to treat insomnia or relieve over-excitement of the central nervous system (CNS) (Houghton, 2017). Even though the dugs made of the herb have several side effects and interactions with other substances, it is comparatively harmless if taken in controlled doses. Uses for Psychiatric Symptoms and Supporting Evidence It is beneficial to acknowledge both clinical and non-clinical neuropharmacology of valerian. For non-clinical use, valerian has the potential to be utilized as an anti-depressant. According to Saroya and Singh (2018), a hydro-alcoholic extract of Valeriana officinalis demonstrates antidepressant-like activity in ovalbumin-sensitized rats. Moreover, valerian root extracts having a high amount of valerenic acid and low amount of acetoxy valerenic acid have an anxiolytic effect (Saroya & Singh, 2018). Finally, there is evidence that valerian roots have the potential antioxidant activity that can be used to diminish complications associated with oxidative stress (Saroya & Singh, 2018). Even though there is a limited amount of evidence for the use of valerian to treat the conditions mentioned above, acknowledgment of the matter is beneficial for understanding the possible use of the herb. Clinical application of the herb is also vast and mostly connected to valerian’s effects on the CNS. Valeriana officinalis is most frequently used as a sedative to treat insomnia (Houghton, 2017). Supporting evidence is vast, as the administration of the root extracts of the herb is associated with an increase in slow-wave sleep (Saroya & Singh, 2018). Additionally, valerian in a dose of 765 mg/day for eight weeks can ease the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder significantly (Saroya & Singh, 2018). Additionally, Jokar, Kargosha, Akarzadeh, Asadi, and Setoudeh (2016) mention that valerian extract can relieve sleep disorder and symptoms associated with menopause. In short, a large body of evidence supports the clinical use of valerian, since the herb is used traditionally in many countries. Drug Interactions Valerian must be administered cautiously with substances that cause sleepiness and drowsiness. This herb is used for treating sleeping disorders and using it with other sedatives may cause too much drowsiness. The list of substances to avoid includes alcohol, alprazolam, phenobarbital, fentanyl, and other medications in this group (Houghton, 2017). Moreover, valerian may slow the breaking down of some drugs by the liver, such as lovastatin and ketoconazole (Houghton, 2017). In short, valerian root ext
Narcotic analgesics are natural (plant and animal) drugs of semi-synthetic and synthetic origin. It has a significant analgesic effect with a predominant effect on the CNS and the ability to cause mental and physical dependence (drug addiction). Most people who become addicted to codeine start using the drug for medical reasons. Signs of codeine addiction are very similar to other opioids. Improper use can lead to various problems, including death, if large doses are taken. Epidemiology and Pharmacological Activity An estimated thirty-three million people use codeine each year; approximately four-and-a-half million Americans reported nonmedical usage of prescription painkillers, including codeine, according to the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Opioids were included in 2019 to 49,860 fatal overdose episodes (70.6% of all drug overdose deaths) (Andrzejowski & Carroll, 2016). Its pharmacological effect can be antipruritic, analgesic (opioid), and anti-diarrheal. Analgesic activity is caused by the excitation of opiate receptors in different parts of CNS and peripheral tissues, leading to stimulation of the antinociceptive system and a change of emotional perception of pain. The central anti-cough effect is associated with suppression of the cough center at the bowel level. Optimization of opiate receptors in the intestine causes relaxation of smooth muscles, decreased peristalsis, and spasm of all sphincters. It is quickly absorbed after oral ingestion; the binding to plasma proteins is insignificant. The drug is bio-transformed in the liver, with 10% of the demethylation being converted to morphine. T1/2 is 2.5-4 hours. It is excreted by the urine: 5-15% as codeine and 10% as morphine and its metabolites. The analgesic effect develops 10-30 minutes after v/m and p/c and 30-60 minutes after enteral administration (Fortenberry et al., 2019). The maximum effect is achieved 30-60 min after p / m introduction and 1-2 h after enteral application. The duration of analgesia – is 4 hours, and blockade of the cough reflex – is 4-6 hours. Medication Interaction When simultaneous use with drugs with CNS depressant effect (including opioid analgesics, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, clonidine), enhancement of codeine action is possible. In concomitant use with morphine derivatives, it is reasonable to improve the inhibitory impact on the respiratory center. With ibuprofen, the analgesic activity improves; with carbamazepine, the analgesic effect may increase, apparently due to the higher forms of the codeine metabolite normorphine, which has a stronger effect (Cairns et al., 2016). When used concomitantly with quinidine, the analgesic properties of codeine are reduced or almost disappear. When used concomitantly, codeine increases the effect of ethanol on psychomotor functions. Production and Sale of Codeine Opium poppy varieties are characterized by a well-developed milk-vessel system that yields a large milk sap and large bolls. They are cultivated to produce opium (the dried milk juice of the poppy). Opiates such as codeine are mainly obtained by
Introduction Long march occurred between 1934 -35. It is one of the historical expeditions in present-day China. It was made up of more than 6000 miles that the communist army had to flee the city of Jiangxi, in southern China. Enclosed by the state army of Chiang Kai- Shek, more than 80,000 Red Army soldiers became a fugitive and moved northward. Fewer armies survived the walk which resulted in a new communist base at Yan’an. The Essay discusses the long march. It points out how the long march improved the communism cause by resulting in Mao has a communist leader, influencing Japan’s dominion and strengthening communism military competence. However, the essay also discusses how the long march contributed to the weakness of communism cause such as territorial weakening and empowering the KMT troops. In conclusion, the Long March simplified the rise of Mao, strengthened communism military skill and helped streamline communism cause in China. The Long March Long March was credited in saving Mao Zedong and the Communist Party from an outside attack on Guomindag. The number of participants in the march is unknown because members used diverse routes to reach their destination 1 . The journey was characterized by endurance and conviction hence allowing more than 25,000 soldiers and other survivors to arrive at Songpan under the Mao leadership. Long March influenced the communists to move escape attack waged by Guomingdang which was ordered by Chiang Kai Shek, KMT leader 2 . Chiang Kai Shek had a strained association with the communist. This prompted him to launch a big attack on them. The communist had occupied the Fujian and Jiangxi bases in Southeast China. Guomindag advisers comprised of Germans and among them was Hans von Seeckt, a German general. Communism had close working ties with Guomindag in the early 1920 -1 3 .Long March was supreme in improving the communism cause in China. And it successfully led to more positive causes in enhancing the communism influence across the land. The Rise of Mao The Long March contributed to the rise of Mao as the leader of communism. Mao was among the pioneers of the communism party. He had a communism ideas and clear doctrine of uniting the poor and peasants of China into a terrifying vigor which contributed to toppling of the National Army and the Japanese invaders thereby helping to uphold the Chinese government 4 . Mao pioneering ideas towards; communism, capacity in unifying people and military competence provided a concise leverage to guarantee peaceful and stable “Red China”. His intell
Executive summary Scholz Industries is an electric products manufacturer and air conditioning firm, which treats environmental goals as part of its strategic advantage. However, the company lacks environmental information gathering mechanisms. Furthermore, no organisation-wide team exists to handle environmental matters. The CEO is committed to the environment but mid to low level employees do not share this enthusiasm. Nonetheless, the company has a series of initiatives in office operations, manufacturing processes and product management that ensure it maintains environmental safety and some degree of conservation. It was recommended that the company revise its environmental sustainability goals to make them more realistic. The firm needs to train employees on the relevance of the environment in their work. It should also set information gathering systems, response plans as well as use other operational avenues for sustainability. Introduction Scholz Industries is an Australian-based air conditioning and electrical manufacturing firm. The company has been in business for 15 years and has built a brand name for itself among stakeholders in the industry through high quality, immediate delivery and strong customer support. The firm consists of two key divisions: Scholz Industries Electric and Scholz Industries Climate division. The Climate group has two sub divisions, which merged into one entity; Air Additions and Rayson industries. Rayson specialises in sheet products like flexible ducts, kitchen canopies, grilles, and other customised duct products. Air Additions focuses on the production of cooling, ventilation as well as heating products. Conversely, Scholz Electric focuses on electric products. It carries out manufacture, research and distribution of the merchandise. Some of the subsidiaries of the Electrical division include Solar Spec, Lumex Lighting, BPT, Opal Air and Appliance Test Tags. The latter group provides lock out and electrical test tags to manufacturers. Opal Air deals with the provision of ceiling fans and other air conditioning equipment. BPT is a supplier of home automation solutions that facilitate door entry. Lumex Lighting is an LED lightin
Cecil DeMille’s film The Ten Commandments is a powerful epic film that has a complex narrative structure. In particular, it depicts the famous biblical story of Israelites who want to leave Egypt. Moreover, this movie includes the modern narrative of two brothers who make very different ethical choices. This paper is aimed at discussing the scene called A Great Cry in Egypt . Overall, it can be viewed as a self-sufficient cinematographic work. In particular, it explores the immense tragedy that struck the Pharaoh and his conflict with Moses. More importantly, this part of the film contains a moral lesson that the audience should consider. It should be noted that Cecil DeMille closely relies on editing. For example, the viewers can see the captions which are excerpts from the Bible. In particular, one can learn that Egyptian people suffered the tenth and final plague, namely the death of the first-borne child ( The Ten Commandments ). This approach helps the director to elaborate the narrative. This scene involves primarily long and medium shots which enable the audience see the actors as well as interior of the palace. This scene depicts the moments when Ramses learns that his son is dead. Furthermore, Cecil DeMille depicts the encounter between Moses and the Pharaoh ( The Ten Commandments ). In this part of the film, the director tries to explore the vulnerability of Ramses. In other words, this individual can command countless troops and great riches, but he is not able to protect his son from the wrath of God. This character is at the center of the composition. His conflicting emotions can be viewed as the main theme that the author explores. Moreover, the music supplements the visual elements because it enables the viewers to relive the emotions experiences by the characters. Overall, this scene throws light on the personality of the Pharaoh. In particular, one can see that he can be susceptible to sadness and fear. In turn, Moses appears to be an omnipotent figure, even despite his shabby appearance. So, this scene contributes to character development. This scene is a part of the prologue to the prologue describing the Biblical narrative. Nevertheless, it can be regarded as an example of foreshadowing. In particular, it describes the life of a person who disregards ethical principles and believes that he/she is all-powerful. To some degree, this person can be c
There are many ways to communicate and Visualization is one of them. It is a powerful tool that aids communication as it acknowledges the power of visual skills. Visual communications, as the name indicates, is the type of communication that uses visuals to relay information. As such information, data and knowledge can be relayed in a manner that it can be looked upon. Therefore visualization is one of the knowledge management techniques. The use of visuals media make information more meaningful to people. There are several visual communication tools that are used to make communication more meaningful. Among the visual communication tools are: information graphics, symbols and signs, shapes and colours, charts and graphs, and typography. Each of these visual media tools is useful for presentation of specific type of information. Graphs and tables, topography and use of colours are important visual tools that aid the presentation and comprehension of data. Graphs and tables are the crudest form of visual communication. This is because the technologies and techniques used in formulation these types of visual mediums are simple and easy to use. Graphs and tables are used to add more meaning to quantitative data. Graphs help to highlight the relationships between values being described by giving them size. While using graphs and tables it becomes easier to discern how the variables are related in terms of the trends and pattern. For graphs and tables to be effective they must be minimal obstructions that obscure the information being relayed. Features such as 3D effects and background pictures should be avoided in construction of graphs and tables. However, colour can be used to enhance meaning. Colour helps to highlight the actual differences in the variables being compared as well as showing the correlations between those variables (Few, 2006). The advantage of graphical representations over tables is that graphs help readers to interpret data in form of shapes and colours, which is not possible while using tables. Tables are graphical methods of presenting data in form of numerical values. As such, it becomes easier to locate specific values. The