ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The introductory section of this study contains a literature review of the dual role of clinical and administrative supervision. The sources used by the authors are relatively old because many of them were published in the early nineties or even seventies, while this article was released in 2007. The literature review indicates there are some important gaps, such as the reasons why some supervisees could express dissatisfaction with experiences in the workplace. The main purpose of this study is to show how supervisees respond to the cooperation with a person who exercises both clinical and administrative control. This study does not incorporate a specific hypothesis, but researchers formulate several research questions related to the perceptions of supervisees. Although this topic has already been examined by other scholars, the authors of this article show how the attitudes of supervisees are formed. The sample of this study includes 353 residents (Tromski-Klingshirn & Davis, 2007). The participants were supervised for at least 3000 hours. It was the main criterion, according to which these people were selected. The researchers apply such a measurement tool as a Clinical Supervision Questionnaire. Furthermore, they use Modified Supervision Questionnaire. The participants were surveyed via email. The subjects had three weeks to answer the questions. The collected data was analyzed with the help of ANNOVA. Results The findings of the study indicate that supervisees do not usually express any discontent with dual supervision. In particular, only 13.13 percent of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction while working with people who were administrative and clinical supervisors at the same time (Tromski-Klingshirn & Davis, 2007). Additionally, the results of ANNOVA indicate that there are no statistical differences between people who are exposed to dual supervision and those individuals who worked with two supervisors. The participants were primarily Caucasian. Their age ranges from 23 to 60 (Tromski-Klingshirn & Davis, 2007). Additionally, the majority of them had a post-graduate degree. Discussion As it has been said before, the authors do not include a specific hypothesis. Instead, the scholars examine several limitations of this study. In particular, the sample was rather small. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about supervisees representing the in-patient group. Moreover, the results can be applied only to those people who have a post-graduate degree. Nevertheless, the findings are consistent with the results derived by other researchers. Critique This article can be important for readers who intend to work as hospital administrators. These professionals need to design more effective workplace procedures. This is one of the main benefits
Introduction Every day human beings strive to achieve satisfaction in their body shapes and sizes through physical exercises, dieting and use of medication meant for slimming or trimming their body to the desired sizes. Many organizations have established competitions aimed at promoting their products through the use of personal physical attraction as a selling point. This has created an endless craving for people to strive and achieve this desired beauty at all costs. In the modern world advertisements in television, internet, magazines and bill boards are full of these images of people that portray their physical beauty to capture the attention of their potential customers. This essay aims at pin pointing how these advertisements have impacted negatively on human beings and their perception of physical beauty with regard to men and women. Discussion Beauty is defined as any pleasant situation that gives satisfaction to the eyes and the mind of the person having it and attracts attention from other people (Hargreaves and Tiggemann 23). Whenever a caption is run on the television or bill board the most striking feature is how people have been used to the success of such advertisements. Most of these advertisements usually involve half naked people in order for them to reveal their body as much as possible. Women have been used more significantly in most of these advertisements that promote social issues like music and fashion. Most of these advertisements have images of women in their bikinis, brassieres, or undergarments hence revealing almost all their body to the audience. In most occasions such images are meant to portray women as soft, delicate and weak people (Tiggemann, Polivy and Hargreaves 12). The complexion of their skin is always given a very light tone and soft texture while their expressions usually carry a delicate and weak perception. On the other hand men have been portrayed as strong, rough and hard core individuals who wear sad faces. This portrays men as people without happiness and ready to cause chaos. These images promotes gender imbalance and perceive women to be a weaker gender while their counterparts are perceived to be strong and aggressive. The images used to show the physical beauty of men and women subject people to feelings of inferiority complex. This is very evident in the manner in which their physical appearance is given great importance by the media. The images of women in magazines’ covers are usually slim and light toned to imply that such are the characteristics that define a beautiful woman (Hargreaves and Tiggemann 17). This means that anybody who does not posses any of these traits is perceived to be ugly. Women who pose dark skin complexions and have a heavy body are perceived to be ugly. This also applies to men who do not have a tall masculine body as they are perceived to be weak compared to heavily built men. These comparisons usually arouse feelings of inadequacies that are generally translated to inferiority complexes in the victims’ minds. This in turn lowers their self esteem and dignity and subjects them to discrimin
The contemporary business world is very intense. It constantly changes and requires that people, who decide to choose business careers, are prepared for quick and proper decision making, possess professional flexibility and learn to adjust to the rapid flow of innovations and progress. The University of Miami Business Program is oriented at the latest events and changes in the modern business world and provides its graduates with multiple benefits. Among the advantages, the graduates of the University of Miami Business Program will have is a great understanding of the today’s business world, the influences of globalization, its modern tendencies and future outcomes through the perspective of the high dynamic of its development. The difference between the University of Miami graduate and their peers pursuing other programs and courses is the UM graduate’s ability to predict the possible upcoming changes of the business world, adopt all the newest and the most progressive business techniques and strategies and the ability to work and thrive under the pressure of rapid development. Besides, the University of Miami prepares the best professionals ready to obtain leading roles in the business world, people that are not only able to project the progress but to stimulate and generate it. The Un
Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP) This program is a multi-component project aimed at improving children’s health through 4 components. The program primarily aims to improve nutritional knowledge among both children and their parents (“Shaping Healthy Choices Program,” n.d.). The SHCP concept appeared in 2008, after which the program was developed in California, USA, and tested in schools in the region in 2014. The main target age group is children ten years old, and the program has proven to be effective for them (Scherr et al., 2017). Web. Team Nutriathlon This program is an innovative Internet-based school feeding intervention project. The initiative’s primary goal is to develop strategies for adopting healthy eating habits to combat obesity (Chamberland et al., 2017). This goal is realized by promoting the consumption of fruits and vegetables along with various dairy products. The randomized controlled trials were carried out between 2011 and 2013 in Quebec, Canada, leading to a fully informed concept in 2017. The leading target age group is the seventh and eighth grade of school. Web. The Nutriamigos® Program This program aims to increase education about eating habits among elementary school students. A feature of the approach
Through the study of Sheikhan & Hemmati (2011), it is seen that Hopfield networks act as a means for researchers to understand the processing and retrieval of memory in human beings (Sheikhan & Hemmati, 2011). The reason behind this is connected to the concept of “memory vectors” which are utilized as a way in which patterns are conceptualized, retrieved then subsequently pieced back together in order to create a somewhat synonymous pattern as its original conception. As an analytic tool, this helps researchers to better understand how memories are retrieved and then combined to create the thoughts and actions that we have at the present. What must be understood is that while cognitive psychology has enabled researchers and students alike to understand how memory works, there is still a gap in knowledge in being able to “see” so to speak how memories from a variety of different memory vectors are combined into what we know as memory. This is where Hopfield networks come into play, they are designed as an artificial neural network from which the input of content utilizing a variety of learning rules are implemented so as to understand how they would be applicable in a human neural network. Through this, psychologists are better able to understand the processes that go into learning and potentially discover new methods that could help to resolve learning impairments or even improve the process of learning as a whole. One possible theoretical approach to this can be seen in the study of Hsu (2012) which explained that as analytical tool, the Hopfield network can actually be considered an early start to the development of artificial learning networks which could potentially create an A.I. (Artificial Intelligence) (Hsu, 2012). Hsu (2012) explains this by stating that over time the processes that go into creation of computers will increasingly attempt to replicate the efficiency and learning ability of the human mind. As such, understanding how learning actually works is the first step to creating an artificial neural network that is independent from outside input and can merely learn on its own. Other potential applications of the network can be seen in the study of Menezes & Monteiro (2011) which proposed that the discrete-time neural network proposed by Hopfield can be used for storing and recognizing binary patterns (Menezes & Monteiro, 2011). Through their study, which investigated the removal of simulated neurons within the network, helps to show how there is the potential for the use of the Hopfield model to potentially help in the rehabilitation of individuals that suffer from memory loss as a direct result of damage to some part of their brain which would impact either their short term or long term memory. For example, one model for understanding the processes involved in working memory is the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) multi-component model which states that working memo
Thesis Statement This paper assesses the significance of religion on customer selection by suggesting that devoting to a certain religious belief manipulates buying behavior considerably. This is in respect to two religious faiths, namely, Hinduism and Islam. Introduction Marketing literature indicates that religion is an important cultural element that manipulates both buying choices and behavior (Mokhlis, 2010). Though research has long identified the importance of spiritual value systems in both psychology and sociology, it has not so far recognized its function in buying study (Essoo & Dibb, 2004). While central values that provide communal distinctiveness are material in some cultures, religion has often granted the worth classification in which groups gather and in which their associates categorize themselves (Mokhlis, 2009). This religion aspect is known pretty well both historically and currently; therefore, it does not need to be explained more. The main categories to be assessed are religious affiliation and religious dedication in respect to Hinduism and Islam. Discussion The religious influence on community’s worth classifications and the effect of these worth classifications on customer conduct cannot be underrated. Therefore, religion manipulates the importance positioned on material being, the approach towards possessing, and utilization of commodities and services (Bailey & Sood, 1993). Occasionally, religious customs even forbid the application of some commodities and services, in general. For instance, Islam prohibits pork consumption, while Hindus are not allowed to eat beef. Religious affiliation, on the other hand, is the devotion of per
Background Employees value working for companies that make them happy. They feel valued in such companies hence they stay for long, which is good for the company because employee turnover is low. It saves the company time and money used in frequent recruitments of new workers. In our company, we have come up with practices that make our employees stay with us because we need to retain our best employees. Practices that retain employees Attractive pay packages The first thing we have done is to give our employees good pay packages. The pay enables them to satisfy their needs as well as their wants. In turn, they are happy and stay longer with the company. Besides, good pay packages have made our company very attractive to people because we receive numerous job application letters per week. Mitchell (2009) urges that the pay package is very vital in keeping employees happy. Benefits The employees receive various benefits from the company. The benefits include medical coverage. The coverage covers the employees and their immediate family members. The cover is comprehensive and thus very attractive to the employees. The other benefits include allowing the employees to buy the company’s stocks at a subsidized price. All the employees have bought the stocks and thus they feel like part of the company and work hard for its success. Career advancement The employees can grow in their careers. In this regard, we give training to our employees to improve their hard and soft skills. Regular training has helped the employees to remain at the top of their game and very competitive with the emerging knowledge and changes in their various fields. Moreover, there is a fair chance for promotions in the company. We have done this to enable each employee to climb up their career ladder because we know that if an employee remains at one level for so long they will get bored and seek another place that can offer them a chance to grow. (McCue, 1995). Competitive working environment The company employs talented and competitive employees. The employees are very good at what they do thus they challenge each other to do the best. Consequently, employees get an opportunity to improve their skills. The company attracts employees who love working in an environment that has employees with sharp skills. Some workers can opt to remain in a company that offers them a competitive working environment and forgoes another that pays better but lacks such an environment (McKeefry, 2006). Open communication channels The Human resource department is very important in retaining open communication channels between the employees and the management. The employees have a chance to air their views and the company considers them. Through this open communication, the employees feel appreciated when their ideas are put into action. Our employees feel they are an integral part of the company and thus stay. On the other hand, the employees have an opportunity to air their grievances without the fear of intimidation. Giving them a chanc
In recent years, mass shootings cases have become a common occurrence in the U.S. Such incidents happen every month and cause a broad public outcry. According to Alvarez and Bachman (2019), “U.S. murder rates are about three times higher than those of all other Western industrialized countries” (p. 27). For decades, there has been a debate in Washington about whether restrictions on the proliferation of small arms are permissible or, on the contrary, it is necessary to remove all barriers to the acquisition of barrels. Whenever a new incident appears in the media, a certain skepticism emerges among our society. If society did not force the authorities to act after “the 2017 deadliest Las Vegas shooting in which 58 people were killed at the Route 91 Harvest music festival” (Miranda & Etehad, 2021), then obviously, nothing would change. While politicians continue to negotiate among themselves, the massacres continue to happen, thus measures should be taken. Increasing attention to mental health and decreasing violence coverage in the media are effective ways to start. Violence has always been a part of U.S. life and history, especially in this day and age. According to Alvarez and Bachman (2019), “throughout the 21st century, news reports have been full of stories about fallen soldiers, car bombing, torture of prisoners. Both domestically and internationally, violence is part and parcel of U.S. life” (p. 27). Considering that, we can also apply “spillover theory,” which implies that justification of legitimate acts of violence such as war, results in an increase of illegitimate forms of violence such as mass shootings (Alvarez & Bachman, 2019, p. 5). Unfortunately, the number of mass shooting cases in the United States surpasses all other countries, and the number is only increasing. It is estimated that most of the massacres in the United States are
Introduction An estimate of two to four hundred thousand people have been killed, and over two million displaced with fresh outbreaks of violence in Darfur, in 2006. If this is to be stretched back to 2003, then over two million black Africans have been killed. These statistics posit that the victims are black Africans, many of whom are Christians. The perpetrators of these spates of atrocities are the Islamic totalitarian rulers in Sudan, the Juntas and members of state sponsored Arab militia group called the Jajanja weed. The seriousness of the matter is clearly vivid since on the onset of the outbreak, there were numerous spates of protests on May 01, 2006 in Washington DC and in 17 other cities, urging the American government to intervene in the Darfur crisis and with a more renewed and intensified force (Flint and Dewaal, 2005). Main body On the onset of these outbreaks of attacks, President George Bush exhibited honest zeal to reverse the state of affairs in Sudan. In fact Bush was so zealous that he called the then United Nations secretary general Koffi Annan’s verdict on the massacres as “ethnic cleansing”, euphemism. To Bush, the issue was so serious, his administration was not going to tolerate gross portrayal of humanity’s greatest shame. Four years down the line, it is emerging clearly that the Bush administration has evaded tackling the Darfur issue seriously. There are a lot of issues that undercut American affairs in relation to Darfur crisis. It is a fact that in international relations, the cardinal principle that governs the relation between or amongst states is interests. As states interact with each other, there are losers and winners in the quest of pursing interests. There is no other reason that could explain the inconsistencies that are being witnessed concerning the state of affairs in America’s intervention on Iraqi crisis and that of Sudan. Saddam was a high handed ruler who committed crimes ranging from human rights abuse especially by carrying out massive eradication of the Kurds to economic crimes. America’s intentions to wage war against Saddam were met by both international and local reprimanding labeling them as “wrong war”, “bad intentions” and “misplaced priorities”. The UN and the European Union (EU) expressed their reservations concerning the matter. Nevertheless, Bush went ahead to carry out the war plan. Political pundits posit that it is true that the Saddam government was too feudalistic but at the same time, it had declined oil trade with the US despite its vast richness in oil resources. The Bush claim that he wanted to oust Saddam and his henchmen who were in possession of weapons of ma
Introduction leukemia is described as a type of cancer affecting white blood cells. It mainly influences a patient’s bone marrow and lymphatic nodes (Pierro et al. 2017). Healthy people have white blood cells that multiply evenly and in an organized manner to fight infections. However, people who suffer from leukemia experience increased production levels of white blood cells, which affect their normal functioning (George et al. 2016). This type of condition affects varied groups of patients because some types of leukemia are mostly visible in children while others are commonly reported among adults. Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is mostly known to affect children. It is classified among a broader group of cancers known as pediatric leukemia because of the young age of patients who are affected by it (George et al. 2016). Characterized by the development of large amounts of immature lymphocytes, ALL often manifests when patients have pale skin, fever, feelings of being tired and easy bleeding (among other symptoms) (George et al. 2016). Sometimes, the condition is associated with enlarged lymph nodes and pain in the bones (Pierro et al. 2017). Based on its acute nature, if left untreated, ALL could cause fatalities in months or even weeks of occurrence (George et al. 2016). It is estimated that thousands of children suffer from ALL and about 10% of them die because of the disease (Pierro et al. 2017). Children who are between the ages of two and five are the most commonly affected demographic (Boissel & Sender 2015; Lamble, Phelan & Burke 2017). In fact, in the US, ALL is believed to be the most common type of cancer among children within this age group. In the UK, statistics show that about 400 new cases of ALL are diagnosed every year (Boissel & Sender 2015; Lamble, Phelan & Burke 2017). Like other forms of cancer, ALL has no known cure. However, recent advances in treatment research have improved the efficacy of specific groups of associated therapies. Chemotherapy is one of them and it is the most commonly used. Radiation therapy is another one but it has primarily been adopted in cases where patients are in remission (Lamble, Phelan & Burke 2017). If the disease recurs, stem cell transplantation is often adopted as a viable strategy for managing the disease (Boissel & Sender 2015). Newer research studies are still being undertaken to improve the efficacy of some of these techniques and significant milestones are yet to be updated. Based on this understanding, this paper investigates the progress that has been made in treating ALL by exploring the advancements made in CAR T-cell therapy, animal modeling techniques, gene fusions, cell therapy, immunotherapy, and next-generation sequencing. However, before delving into the details of this review, it is first important to understand the diagnosis of this type of cancer. Diagnosis According to López-Villar et al. (2014), there are two main types of leukemia. The first one is chronic and the second one is acute. Chr