ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Private commercial space travel has been developing rapidly in the last two decades. In this regard, such companies as SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are at the forefront of this process. For instance, on July 11, 2021, Richard Branson – the founder of Virgin Galactic – and his team successfully reached suborbital space (Amos). However, although such progress in space travel is undoubtedly good, there has been some criticism towards the space company owners recently. As such, Prince William claimed that the great minds of the current century should be involved in solving environmental issues rather than searching for a new place to live (Prince William Says). Therefore, under current conditions, it is clear that the space tourism race is a potential ethical issue that will become more evident in the near future. From an ethical perspective, Prince William’s criticism of commercial space travel companies can be divided into two subjects. The first one includes the question concerning the responsibility of people who own great resources such as ‘great brains’ and money to influence the planet’s environmental problems. Indeed, on the one hand, this claim seems valid if we imagine what the wealthiest and most successful entrepreneurs could achieve by putting a significant part of their efforts into tackling climate change. Yet, on the other hand, it can be argued that the owners of SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are not obligated to solve environmental issues more than other people. The second question includes the concerns about whether it is ethical to search for alternatives for human beings’ future inhabitance on the other planets without first doing everything possible to save the Earth. Works Cited Amos, Jonathan. “Virgin Galactic: Sir Richard Branson Rockets to the Edge Of Space.” BBC , 2021, Web. “Prince William Says Great Minds Should Focus On Saving Earth Not Space Travel.” CBC News , 2021, Web.
Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder, commonly abbreviated as PTSD, refers to a severe anxiety disease whose onset is influenced by the exposure to a traumatic life episode. This disorder occurs in around 8-14% of the US populace, and its prevalence among females (12-18%) in the country is about twice higher than that of their counterparts (Togay and El-Mallakh, 2020). PTSD has been associated with a substantial burden on the wider society and individuals. Furthermore, Togay and El-Mallakh (2020) underscore the increased likelihood of PTSD patients to utilise drugs and sustaining psychological functioning impairments. Most of the individuals with this illness typically match the diagnostic criteria for other mental conditions; this includes anxiety and major depression. The paper highlights the disorder’s pathophysiology to foster the understanding of its underlying aetiology. Noradrenergic System Adrenoreceptors, typically abbreviated as ARs, relate to a grouping of receptors, particularly the G protein-coupled ones, which consist of three primary categorisations: β, α1 and α2 with related subtypes. This system prompt sympathetic autonomic reaction and CNS activity via cell bodies situated within the coeruleus locus. It later extends towards the structures of the limbic system and prefrontal cortex, implicating it in discriminatory response to fear and stress-related feedbacks and aversive and rewarding stimuli (Sakellariou and Stefanatou, 2017). Through physiological processes’ dysregulation, hyperadrenergic actions trigger mental illnesses, such as anxiety, traumatic brain injuries and major depression. Its impact on pertinent fear signalling and amygdala functioning further play a crucial role in PTSD’s onset. Recent ongoing research reveals the involvement of NET (noradrenaline transporter) in PTSD manifestation. Studies demonstrate the interconnection between severe distress exposure and the increased availability of noradrenaline synaptic within cortical regions, reduced presence of NET within coeruleus locus and the AR system’s dysfunction (Togay and El-Mallakh, 2020). Reboxetine, a selective NRI (noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) medication has been shown to antagonise the availability of noradrenaline synaptic and minimise the reaction of foot shock distress (Kelmendi et al., 2016). The aforementioned outcome has also been demonstrated by human PET (positron emission tomography) surveys that reveal a reduced NET availability in PTSD patients (Kelmendi et al., 2016). The delineated modification in the response of homeostatic distress could trigger phenotypes related to depression and anxiety, which typify PTSD. A study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of various PTSD therapies in veterans diagnosed with alcohol dependence and PTSD uncovered the effectiveness of using an amalgamation of naltrexone and NRI desipramine
The study conducted by Harms and Schwery (2020) had a two-fold aim. First, researchers aimed at developing an operationalization of Lean Startup Capability (LSC). Their second purpose was to investigate whether the use of LSC by startups was positively associated with their performance. During their research, Harms and Schwery (2020) developed a five-factor operationalization of LSC, which included “customer orientation, hypothesis testing, iterative experimentation, validation, and learning” (p. 208). In order to answer the second research question, the researchers utilized the quantitative approach and received 100 valid responses from software startups located in Berlin. The findings indicated that LSC was positively related to the performance of startups. The practical implication of this research is that it gives educators and entrepreneurs, especially those dealing with software ventures, some confidence to use and advocate for Lean Startup (LS). Addressed Gaps in the Literature The authors revealed that most research on LS is qualitative, which hinders the transition of this research field from the nascent to the intermediate stage. Furthermore, sparse quantitative research on LS is focused only on experimentation, while LS is not limited to experimentation. Therefore, Harms and Schwery (2020) addressed these gaps in the literature by conducting quantitative research, developing a multifaceted operationalization of LSC, and investigating the impact of LSC on performance. Ideas and Arguments Found Stimulating The first stimulating idea is that entrepreneurs gain new entrepreneurial knowledge from experimentation. According to Harms and Schwery (2020), experimentation is an integral part of entrepreneurs’ learning process, which
The fact that the bombing of Hiroshima in August 1945 was an incredible crime against humanity is now a well-acknowledged fact. The theme of this historical tragedy was addressed in the unique accounts of the bombing, which were written by Berger, Hardy, and Hersey. These three essays clearly demonstrate how the narration pattern, stylistic devices, and the rhetorical triangle (ethos, logos, and pathos) can make a difference in an essay, strongly impressing the readers, like in Berger’s work or providing objective reports, like in Hersey’s essay. The essays by Berger, Hardy, and Hersey address the same theme of Hiroshima bombing and clearly demonstrate how the manner of presentation, arguments, and style characteristics can affect the readers’ perception. The authors chose different approaches to support the same assumption that the atomic bombing was a tragedy that should never happen again. For example, Berger argued that it is incredibly important not only to reinsert the events of Hiroshima into the textbooks but also to explain to children the entire meaning of these shocking events and the monstrous crime committed by those who had planned them. Hardy reflected mainly on the events preceding the bombing and described the bombing only in the form of an excerpt from a radio report, expressing different opinions of Americans, justifying or not justifying the bombing. Hersey reported on the destiny of one of the survivors of the Hiroshima bombing and provided only a brief account of the bombing and much more details of its aftermath. Berger and Hardy used first-person narration that strengthened their argumentation. Hersey, who discussed the life of the actual witness of events, used the third-person narration that made the essay unemotional and least persuasive. Berger intentionally refused to give the statistics (Berger 273). Still, the lack of statistical data in Berger’s essay did not reduce the persuasiveness of his work. Hardy and Hersey gave much more attention to detail and included a number of figures into their essays to support the assumptions. Some of these details are not important for supporting the main ideas but still contribute to the development of the plot lines. Berger used excerpts of the actual witnesses of the bombing to illustrate the scope of the tragedy and made generalizations concerning the horrors of Hiroshima in the historical and global context. Hardy and Hersey, on the other hand, focused mainly on the life stories of their characters, treating Hiroshima tragedy as background. Berger, who argued for learning an important historical lesson from Hiroshima, narrated from the point of view of a citizen who was not a witness of the bombing, but created the most powerful argumentation by combining the ethos, logos, and pathos. Even though this essay is not a primary source, but rather a collection and analysis of the memoirs of survivors, the narrator demonstrates a profound understanding of the historical context of Hiroshima. Therefore, the speaker is competent, and the ethos componen
Introduction Literature as a Method of Human Expression Literature is a medium that lets people express their creative potential in writing. By creating stories and narratives, writers are able to discuss and dissect topics that are both interesting to them and topical to society at large. Written language as a medium of creating meaning has a large number of layers, constructing understanding at a basic emotional and deeper comprehensive level. Through reading and writing works of literature, people get to think about the world they live in, about the presuppositions and traditions we come to know, the wondrous and unexpected, as well as that which is shared in the common human experience. In light of the importance placed on written fiction in society, some works of art are considered to be more vital, more monumental, for a variety of reasons. Some of them are the first example of a particular style, or a documented shift in the medium, while others present narratives of great cultural importance. The criteria by which stories are noted and remembered is strictly arbitrary, but it cannot be denied that most works considered to be “classics”, those that are taught to children, present cultural, artistic, and historic importance. Through their examination, one can come to better understand the people of days past, the traditions and habits permeating their society, as well as to see a reflection of their reality on paper. Thematically, works of literature often talk about the universal through specific experiences, connecting with the reader by making them see parallels to reality in fiction. Ideas of people’s identity are often explored in literature. Identity is something a person forms through their life, something that is shaped by themselves as much as by their environment. By interacting with others, living through particular events, and learning, people get to become themselves, to form a particular relationship with the world around them and the people in it. This process can be influenced by various other factors that are discussed in the literature, such as a person’s status and class. The individual’s lineage, wealth, manners, social circle, interests, they all comprise what is known as their niche in society. Written word takes up perspectives of all kinds of people from most miserable to most fortunate. The opportunities given to a person from their social standing, or a lack thereof, strongly influence how they interact with others and see themselves. Class, Identity and the Themes “The Necklace” A class, especially in times of the past, was often something you had no power over, a slot of society you had no choice but to reside in. For some, it brought happiness and satisfaction, for others, it was a source of struggle and discontent. The cl
Cultural Identity is a lot of social development, and it is attached to history, customs, and values. The possibility of a city-wide display exhibiting the workmanship and specialties of Luxembourg could be a method for opening the secret of the nation’s way of life (Sharma, 2018). The nation is exceptionally multicultural now, indeed in case, somebody decides to walk in the capital. There, 70% of its population are non-Luxembourgers living in the city, and only 30% have Luxembourgish nationality (Robbers, 2019). There is an incredible blend of individuals who come from everywhere in the world to work in Luxembourg. If an individual strolls through the city at the end of the week, the person will hear heaps of dialects, and indeed, many of which are English (Murdock, 2017). Throughout the last century, it is a country that has had a consistent inflow of people through immigration. It was laborers from Italy and afterward Portugal who came for work. However, presently it has individuals from everywhere to work in Luxembourg’s monetary or advanced areas.
The choice of methodology in trying to understand problems in aquarium manufacturing is very crucial in identifying the real problems that need to be addressed in the research for the company to achieve the expected improvements. Process mapping is one of the methods that were used to understand the manufacturing process in the aquarium. With this method it is easy to understand the flow of both information and physical products in the company from the time a customer places an order to the actual delivery of the order. This method is effective because it facilitated the understanding of the main activities that take place at various points. Based on this understanding, it is possible to identify the exact areas where there were delays, technical breakdown and other process related problems. Process mapping identified specific activities such as the storage of raw materials. Under such a production activity it is possible to know who heads the department and what actually goes on at this particular section. Problems emanating form the storage of raw materials can easily be identified and investigated before moving on to the next stage in accordance to the layout.With process mapping there is no possibility of getting mixed up in the identification of the problems in aquarium manufacturing because of the simplified structure of the company’s layout. Indeed much time was saved with this methodology. This is because once concentration was on one activity, the team could not move to another one before identifying the problems. Through process mapping it was also possible to understand the relationships that exist between the different sections of the manufacturing process. Through this methodology more details could be captured in the manufacturing process. This is unlike other methods which cannot allow collection of more details as required. A detailed study was necessary so as to establish the exact pr
One underlying issue emanating from this context is past historical relations between the Americans and the Middle East, which is the genesis of events taking shape from the clip. This has been the center of attraction for historical injustices between these bitter rivals. One can assert that ‘economic strength plays a key role to military strength’ as argued by the commentator. Several issues need a thorough review to bring out the exact facts behind the menace taking a new twist from what is believed by the majority of people. Any nation that comes up with an idea of engaging in war and demonization against another will always have substantive reasons for taking that direction (Tehranian 817). Diplomats argue that most reasons that play a pivotal role in cherishing this, are the desire to retain economic strength. This may be in jeopardy upon suspicion that a nation is not following the international due procedure in taking certain directives that do not sound well with the worrying country (Beeman 51). The cultural inclination is the pride of every community. This may take a direction that offers the opponent an opportunity to raise some issues causing instability if not critically considered in a mature perspective. Culture is identified with human nature (Crockatt 125). Protection of economic interest overrides historical virtues and inclination in spearheading for a better place on earth. One major aspect of this perception is that chances of looking at societal virtues as either good or sanity will also depend on past relations and how the relationship has since faired for the benefit of both nations. Forms of variability in the human face have a capacity of making this aspect a bitter one or vice versa. Study in cultural customization involves acceptance of abnormal cultural values. What makes this machine a more tough consideration is the religious inclination, structures that define the culture itself, and other instabilities related to these (Tehranian 820). It is thus true to say that culture is flexible even though some aspects defining it may be rigid. Moments of anger, grief, and joy can drive people to act differently from their cultural perspectives. America does not tend to evaluate these virtues to guide its next step in diplomatic issues. That is why their opponents will always see them as enemies. There are many anti-Americans in the face of the earth than any other nation in the world; these are mainly the nations from the Arab states in the Middle East. Several issues of politics and economy play a paramount role in shaping this perception. Whereas the United States and its affiliate act for the good of the entire world , to have a secure economy and stability, opponents view such actions as the political and massive drive to wipe out their people from the earth’s surface. This is not true because every person would want to live in a secure place. The underpinning reasons for these attacks and torture
It is not surprising that the United States is called the country of immigrants. Immigrants take a substantial part in the population of the USA. However, many of them went a difficult path to become a U.S. citizen. The issues of immigration remain an urgent topic for debates in American society. The aim of this essay is to uncover the peculiarities of the immigrants’ life in the US by presenting the experience of one of my acquaintance who emigrated from China eight years ago. “According to the 2000 Census, there are more than 30 million immigrants in the U.S., equaling 11 percent of the population. One in five children is the child of an immigrant” ( Immigration and immigrants rights , 2013, par.1 ). The number of immigrants moving to the United States remains significant from year to year. There are several agencies supporting and protecting immigrants. The American Immigration Council is one of them. The Council provides research and policy advocacy, legal education and litigation, and other services to the U.S. immigrants ( Mission , n.d.). Three federal agencies are charged with administering and enforcing immigration laws: Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ( Immigration law , par.3). The new legislation project has been initiated for further broadening of the immigrants’ rights in the USA ( Immigrants rights , par.3). My acquaintance’s name is Nianzu Aun. Now he is twenty-seven years old, but he immigrated to the United States when he was twelve. I have asked him about the interview on his way to becoming a U.S. citizen. We agreed to meet at the café at 6 p.m. In a two hours conversation, Nianzu told me about his own experience of being an immigrant. Nianzu was born in China and spent his childhood in one of the Northern provinces of the country. He was rather a capable student at school and wa
Introduction Bureaucratically operated firms often receive negative attention from the public. They support ideologies based on “group thinking” instead of supporting issues that relate to society (Carter, 1999). This paper intends to explain the meaning of bureaucracy under diverse contexts. In essence, it will discuss the term from a traditional to a modern context. Traditionally bureaucratic individuals represented a section of non-elected government officials who often introduced an agenda that contradicted parliament motions (Hara, 2005). Such groups made policies and they sought an audience from the society to strengthen their stand. Similarly, there are bureaucratic organizations that mostly support policies that do not correlate with the expectations of society. The following submission will equally discuss control systems lengthily while outlining their merits and demerits. Bureaucracy Concerning organizational setup, bureaucracy refers to a set of managerial structures that oversee a big foundation. In society today, big organizations incorporate global and multinationals such as Apple Inc., Samsung, KFC, and Coca Cola among others. Experts often measure bureaucracy by assessing societal and employee complaints concerning the company leadership. Bureaucracy remains the cornerstone of an organizational structure since it supports the ideologies of the company executives. It would be impossible for ordinary employees to transform an organizational structure of a powerful and affluent executive within the firm. In a capitalistic country, the government provides room for the growth of private institutions (Clegg, 2011). The leaders of these organizations have different personalities and perceptions about life. Also, their business experiences are different. Such factors shape the leadership styles they adopt within the organization. This leadership style reflects in form of bureaucracy. This means that it would be impossible to eradicate bureaucracy in a society where large organizations emerge daily. Also, people are naturally different, and this contributes to the ideas they develop for their organizations. Most multinationals face allegations of supporting bureaucracy, especially during data mining, product development, and recruitment of employees (Ricketts, 2012). There is a growing trend in society today in which CEOs have successors from their families or home countries. These among other forms of favoritism explain how companies support bureaucracy today. Principles of Bureaucracy Tyranny Bureaucracy concerns the tyranny of numbers in which the majority have th