ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
If this title sounds a bit peculiar, you are not alone in feeling that way. After all, so many tasks these days are enthusiastically outsourced, and writing is one of them. Some estimates suggest that as much as half of all marketing content is being written by freelancers or firms that specialize in this sort of writing, rather than by in-house staff. While there are many good reasons to do so, this is a strategy that should be undertaken thoughtfully, and with a full knowledge of potential pitfalls. An enterprise considering outsourcing their writing needs to take into account a number of factors that could make this approach less successful. Content creation takes time and reflection: One of the situations that often prompts a business to bring in some help for content creation is simple lack of time. The business of running the business can be so overwhelming that trying to sit down and to be too much to handle. However, is this a reason to outsource the development of materials that will carry the message of the business? Sometimes, it is better to rethink priorities and allocate some person power to this task. The very exercise of articulating something – anything – about the business can be very helpful in clarifying what makes your enterprise unique and worthwhile. This insight, in turn, can be helpful in the longer term in planning and strategizing for growth. Of course, if the writers brought in to help with content creation are permitted to participate in the reflective process, the same positive result can be achieved. However, where time is perceived to be short, this step in the process of creating marketing material can be unwisely overlooked. You need to continue to improve your writing skills: Another reason that often prompts the hiring of outside writing help is a lack of writing skills on the part of the entrepreneurs themselves. This should not be a source of embarrassment. Many brilliant businesspeople cannot write marketing material right from the start. It has always been an art, and now, with the demands of Search Engine Optimization, it is also now a science, complete with statistics! Some have compared this kind of writing to three-dimensional chess, and the comparison seems apt. There is no shame, therefore, in seeking help if one’s writing is not very strong. However, this should not be used as an excuse not to strengthen one’s own writing skills. Part of being a successful entrepreneur in the longer term is, indeed, acquiring additional skills in order to adapt to the environment. Think of how disadvantaged many businesspeople were who pooh-poohed email when it was in its infancy (yes, there was a time when it was possible to operate a business without it!). Similarly, outsourcing writing marketing content should not replace the conscious effort to improve one’s own writing. ESL is not an excuse not to be involved in content creation: A perfectly valid, and often related, reason for outsourcing content creation is a lack of language skills. E
Introduction Global climate change is caused by greenhouse gas emissions from accelerated economic and technological development. The concern about global warming was first raised in the 1970s, but the problem has not been solved yet (Ambrósio et al., 2017). Kyoto conference in 1997 developed a protocol for controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions worldwide (Ambrósio et al., 2017). However, all countries were focused more on enhancing their economies than on the environmental sustainability of their strategies. Ecological disasters may lead to such adverse results as growth in environmental refugees, food shortages, and clean water (Lane, 2018). Therefore, the United Nation’s 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris in 2015 aimed to highlight the existing environmental threats and suggest future goals and directions (Viñuales et al., 2017). The first objective of this paper is to discuss the key outcomes of COP21 Paris and tell why it should be considered the foundation for new sustainability policies. Second, legal and financial incentives in mining in Sub-Saharan Africa, using the example of Chad, will be discussed. The third objective is to analyze the emergence of fracking technologies and their impact worldwide. The Key Outcomes of COP21 Paris Compared to the previous environmental crisis conferences, COP21 Paris established more precise goals. There were three primary positive outcomes of the COP21 Paris agreement that became possible due to increasing awareness about this issue internationally (Höhne et al., 2017). The first outcome is that the 2015 gathering aimed to reduce global warming from 20C to 1.50C annually (Ourbak & Magnan, 2018). The ultimate goal is to reduce global temperature rise and CO2 emission to zero by 2100 (Höhne et al., 2017). The second outcome was that the prevailing number of COP21 participants submitted Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to estimate greenhouse gas emissions by individual countries (Höhne et al., 2017). Third, the COP21 agreement suggested investing in the research and development of alternative energies and fuels to reduce carbon dioxide production (Manga, 2018). Unfortunately, the modern world cannot suddenly switch from fossil fuels to alternative energies that are cleaner but not efficient enough (Manga, 2018). Still, researchers and environmental organizations are working to maximize the efficiency of alternative fuels to enable the transition to an economy that will not be damaging the Earth’s climate, driving humanity to catastrophe. As previously mentioned, one of the
The term ‘first-generation college students’ is used to describe the scholars who are usually the first people in their immediate families to study in a college within the United States. The experiences of first-generation college students can be both positive and negative. Most first-generation students have some advantages and disadvantages when they are pursuing a college degree. Most first-generation students often face the challenge of adapting to an academic culture while they continue to maintain a connection with their cultural values and family customs. The difficult scenarios that surround the situations of first-generation college students are reflected by an article that appeared in the “New York Times”. The article follows the experiences of three girls who are first-generation college students. Besides, all the girls who were featured in the article came from poor backgrounds and they could barely afford to pay for their college fees. According to the article, the scenarios surrounding first-generation college students are complicated by social, psychological, and financial factors. The three featured students are Melissa, Angelica, and Bianca. The author of the article that is titled “For Poor, Leap to College often ends in Hard Fall” theorizes that it is almost impossible for college students from poor backgrounds to make it through college. This paper uses Angelica’s case to show that first-generation students face difficult hurdles in their quest for a college education. Melissa, Angelica, and Bianca were all gifted students in their formative levels of education. Furthermore, all three students were enrolled in a college-prep program because they showed better academic abilities when they were compared with their classmates. After enrolling in a college-prep program, all three students showed that they were able to accomplish all the college-related tasks that were presented to them. Angelica was an A-student throughout high school. Furthermore, Angelica managed to achieve an overall general point average of 3.9 over her four-year stint in college. I believe that Angelica’s educational fortunes started to decline when she joined college. None of her other personal challenges including her poor background and her strained family relationships had managed to slow her down until she was rejected by Northwestern University. I think that after being rejected by her academic institution of choice, Angelica developed low self-esteem and decided to apply to one of the schools that had contacted her earlier. Although Angelica’s financial troubles could have been solved at Emory, her lack of additio
In the book “Fear and Trembling in Las Vegas”, the author takes his readers through their experience in the chase of the American Dream. He is under the pseudonym of one Raoul Duke who travels with his attorney who is called Dr. Gonzo, from Samoa. Together they arrive in the “Great Red Shark” as this place was always referred to as a gigantic pimped Chevrolet convertible vehicle, and initially land in Las Vegas as a journalist and his attorney in pursuit of a story about a motor race. They soon abandon their course and go in pursuit of the elusive American Dream in what Thompson referred to as Gonzo Journalism. With time, however, they get frustrated and gets into a stupor because they start using different sorts of intoxicating substances including alcohol, cocaine and even cannabis. The two gentlemen arrived in Las Vegas with the trunk of their car so full of different drugs and intoxicating concoctions that one would be reminded of an anti-narcotics forensic laboratory. It had two bags, seventy-five mescaline pellets and five sheets of blotter acid. There was a salt-shake which was actually half full of cocaine powder instead of salt. They also had tequila, rum, Budweiser, raw ether and even amyls. This dangerous living was actually a distraction from the punishing life in Las Vegas and America in general. Their dream of making it big, aptly put by Duke as “gross physical salute to the fantastic possibilities of life in this country”, this is description statement is able to show that they are terribly shattered when they find out that things are not actually the way they expected. It is a depiction of the generational restlessness and frustration when things don’t seem to work at all. They also resort to violence with the aim of destroying everything that reminds them of the American capitalism and extravagance. As A puts it (up there), “no one is safe from their comic terror”. They unleashed threats and harassments to chambermaids, tourists and everybody else. They destroyed hotel rooms and stoned vehicles on the streets and even indulged in petty theft. They escaped the law because they were in Las Vegas at a time when lawlessness was reigning supreme, but the comedy is in the fact that they were robbing and molesting even the poorest and most powerless of all people. In what he called his “chemotherapy chair” or the place he sat regularly when intoxicating himself with drugs, he could reminisce over the situation in Las Vegas – the chaos, lawlessness and poverty and what they portend for the American Dream. This is what made him fearful and loathsome. Another hilarious part of the book is where the locals were wondering why he was driving around in a Cadillac, to which he responded “you don’t go around chasing the American Dream in a Volkswagen a white Cadillac Convertible and nothing less” a statement exclaimed. In a nutshell, “fear and loathing in Las Vegas” is a vivid narration and hilarious narration of an adventure induced by
Tata Nano was the outcome of a life-long dream of India’s highly reputed businessman and Tata Group chairman, Mr. Ratan Tata. This man is at the helm of India’s affairs of business for the last decade had cherished a vision to make a car that would be inexpensive enough to be afforded by the not-so-fortunate common masses of the country. Tata Nano was the culmination of that dream powered by sheer will, hard work; research-based innovation sustained coordination, and firmly fought tough challenges that were barriers in areas of the social and political arena. Tata Nano is an engineering marvel. The car was built with a consumer target segment in small cities and towns and was to cost around 2000 USD, to be the world’s cheapest car. It was compared to Volkswagen Beetle for being the ‘people’s car.’ It was expected to meet consumers’ demands and the world’s attention due to its affordable small price despite the rising material costs and other resource acquisitions. The car gave the competitors sleepless nights as they feared the loss of their market share. The result was the slash of prices of cars after its launch, and many automobile companies entering to make a competitive car of their own or out of collaboration, but not yet successful. This essay aims to evaluate the automobile Tata Nano based on criteria like price, affordability, consumer demands, interior design, cost-cutting characteristics, available model versions, technical specifications, environmental concerns, besides safety standards. The uniqueness of Tata Nano Tata Nano was engineered to be exceptional on many terms. But the exclusivity has been its affordability due to a very small price of INR 100,000 or 2000 USD. This price gave the car the ‘world’s cheapest’ tag. The low price allowed the two-vehicle owners to upgrade them by registering in advance for the car. This consumer target segment mainly belonged to rural, semi-urban areas, small towns, and cities. But the consumer psychology or in general market psychology is entirely complex. Consumers want the best for their price. This proved to be true for Tata Nano as well as consumers began evaluating the product on various accounts besides the price. Other factors played an important role in such a perception as the competitors challenged whether the car met all the international safety standards (ConsumerReports.org 2009). The car’s exterior was designed in Italy. It has 2 cylinder petrol with Bosch Motronic engine management platform, power 37 hp, the compression ratio of 9.5:1, rear-wheel drive, 4-speed manual transmission, turning radius of 4 meters, acceleration from 0-60 kmph in 8 seconds, a maximum speed of 105 kmph, the fuel efficiency of around 25 km per liter, 4 seat belts, trunk capacity of 150 L, 12-inch wheels and ground clearance of 180mm. The cost-cutting characters include the presence of one windscreen wiper, one wing mirror, no power
Introduction Although companies can represent the same industry and offer similar services, their development, growth, and strategies can differ dramatically from one another. This paper is aimed at discussing such companies as Delta Air Lines and Great Lakes Airlines. The first one operates at an international level, and it has a long history of acquisitions that enabled them to increase their profitability. In contrast, the operations of Great Lakes Airlines are limited only the United States and one can say that it is a regional carrier. It is vital to examine the work of these organizations and offer strategies that help them improve their performance. These are the main questions that should be discussed in this paper. The strategy that led to the acquisition First, it is necessary to look at the strategies of Delta Air Lines. It is possible to say that this company has long tried to increase its share in different markets and become the leading airline company in the United States and in the world. One should bear in mind that they continuously increased their fleet and the number of destinations that they could serve (Delta Air Lines, 2011, unpaged). It should be noted that in the past this organization formed many alliances with many companies such as Air France, AeroMexico, or Korean Air (Delta Air Lines, 2011, unpaged). These partnerships helped Delta Air Lines establish its presence in foreign markets. This is one of the trends that can be identified. Currently, this organization operates in 247 destinations that are located in different countries, including the United States. Furthermore, the growth of this organization was partly achieved through the acquisition of other companies. For example, in 2008 Delta acquired Northwest Airlines Corporation (Delta Air Lines, 2011, unpaged). In the past Northwest Airlines Corporation was an important rival of Delta Air Lines. However, with time passing, Delta outgrew its competitor and purchased this corporation. This event is an important milestone in the history of this corporation. In this way, the leaders of this company intended to increase its share in the global airline industry. Overall, this acquisition was quite justified because in this way Delta was able to get access to many Asian countries such as China, Japan, South Koria, Singapore, or Thailand (Zyla, 2009, p. 63). These are the countries with rapidly-growing populations and Delta can find many new customers in these regions and eventually increase their revenues (Zyla, 2009, p. 63). This is one of the goals of this acquisition. Currently, Delta is considered to be the largest airline company according to such criteria the passenger traffic or fleet size (Zyla, 2009, p. 63). Therefore, one can argue that the policies of
Introduction Differentiated instruction centers on the learners where teachers facilitate teaching-learning activity by grouping individual characters basing on common interests and abilities. For differentiated instruction to yield fruits depending on each learner’s level of readiness, a number of strategies are incorporated. These include tiered assignments, compacting, interest centered/ interest groups, flexible groupings, and learning contracts (Tomlinson, 1999). Classroom Element For proper enhancement of the strategies used, some four-classroom elements are considered. These elements are differentiated access (environment of learning), content, process and product. Therefore, teachers incorporate these strategies basing on individual student ability, level of readiness, learning profile, and/or interest to learn. The differentiated access or learning environment defines the emotional state of a classroom on how it feels and works, differentiated content strives to determine what student ought to learn and how he/she get the relevant information and instructional materials. While differentiated process defines, relevant activities students should engage in sensibly master the content (Sternberg, Torff, & Grigorenko, 1998). Culminating activities that include projects that involves students in rehearsal, applications and extend of learning a unit is captured in the forth element of differentiated products. At different students’ level of readiness, a teacher is supposed to prepare a lesson plan of a selected topic of any subject in question of which each level captures the student’s readiness to learn, lying entirely on the above-mentioned strategies. To effectively determine the student’s readiness, a teacher uses diagnostic assessments like pre-test, background knowledge question, easy interpreted charts on what they may be knowing, what they would need to know and even already learned work. Lesson Plan In order to analyze the above-mentioned strategies to determine the student’s readiness, a lesson plan is drawn for grade 8 class covering 50 minutes. The subject considered is Social Studies in the topic of Bill of Rights. Lesson Plan for Grade 8 Duration of lesson; 50 minutes Topic; Bill of Rights                                                                                                                                                 1. Students ought to understand the genesis of Bill of Rights.                              Objectives:                                                                                                                                     2. Students ought to understand the individual and societal impacts of Bill of Rights.                                                                                                                                                      3. Students should be able to interpret various court cases through Bill of Rights                                                                                                                                                          4. Stu
Introduction On 4 th July 1776, the thirteen states of America gained their independence in a hard fought victory against the British colonialists, in Boston, in a war led by General Washington. The colonialists’ response to punish Boston by closing its port sparked the revolt, after they had boycotted work and destroyed a tea shipment at the Boston Tea party. Even though the northern states had declared themselves independent, the war was still waged for another seven years, ending in 1783 (Foner 23). In 1788-89 nominations, American leaders made General George Washington the first president by selecting him unanimously. However, independence came with its own challenges, with the post-colonial era being marred with disunity among a few Northern states, despite the fact that the war had joined them. President George Washington, therefore, grappled with the daunting task of trying to bring the nation together. How did he manage to unite the nation? Which techniques did he use? Thus, to answer these questions, this essay, describes literal devices, including allegory, neo-classical imagery and typology that were instrumental in the achievement of the Declarations of Independence’s concept of “We the People”. Liberty in 1700s Liberty has many definitions depending on the context in which it is used. My version of liberty is emancipating oneself from the colonial masters. Pre- and post- independence Americans perceived “liberty” as a combination of specific rights and privileges that were determined by one’s social status and nationality (Foner 18). The freedom, which included self-governance and the ability to pursue a particular trade, unfortunately, was only a preserve of a few. The colonists also viewed liberty as living a sinless-life, a moral life, guided by the Biblical principles regarding the way of life. The revolution expanded the “liberties” to “English liberties”, that were applicable to all men, unlike the former. The British colonialist idea of freedom was that of “English liberty”, in which no man was above the law and enjoyed some fundamental rights as a person and property-wise, which even the king could not deny as long the individuals in question were in British colonies (Foner 27). The newfound freedom endowed the American citizens with the ability to freely elect their nations’ heroes to power, control their own resources, self-governance, and erase unconstitutional taxation. George Washington and Unity Artistry contributed immensely towards the achievement of the United States’ oneness by using literary and visual works, such as allegory, typology, and neo-classical imagery. These literary devices were vital in the resolution of problems that had the power to disintegrate the nation. Use of Allegory