ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Compared with two-level quantum key distribution (QKD), highdimensional QKD enable two distant parties to share a secret key at a higher rate. We provide a finite-key security analysis for the recently proposed practical highdimensional decoy-state QKD protocol based on time-energy entanglement. We employ two methods to estimate the statistical fluctuation of the postselection probability and give a tighter bound on the secure-key capacity. By numerical evaluation, we show the finite-key effect on the secure-key capacity in different conditions. Moreover, our approach could be used to optimize parameters in practical implementations of highdimensional QKD.
In this Letter, we investigate how galaxy mass assembly mode depends on stellar mass $M_{\ast}$, using a large sample of $\sim$10, 000 low redshift galaxies. Our galaxy sample is selected to have SDSS $R_{90}>5\arcsec.0$, which allows the measures of both the integrated and the central NUV$-r$ color indices. We find that: in the $M_{\ast}-($ NUV$-r$) green valley, the $M_{\ast}<10^{10}~M_{\sun}$ galaxies mostly have positive or flat color gradients, while most of the $M_{\ast}>10^{10.5}~M_{\sun}$ galaxies have negative color gradients. When their central $D_{n}4000$ index values exceed 1.6, the $M_{\ast}<10^{10.0}~M_{\sun}$ galaxies have moved to the UV red sequence, whereas a large fraction of the $M_{\ast}>10^{10.5}~M_{\sun}$ galaxies still lie on the UV blue cloud or the green valley region. We conclude that the main galaxy assembly mode is transiting from "the outside-in" mode to "the inside-out" mode at $M_{\ast}< 10^{10}~M_{\sun}$ and at $M_{\ast}> 10^{10.5}~M_{\sun}$. We argue that the physical origin of this is the compromise between the internal and the external process that driving the star formation quenching in galaxies. These results can be checked with the upcoming large data produced by the on-going IFS survey projects, such as CALIFA, MaNGA and SAMI in the near future.
We present the expansion of the two-pion exchange three-nucleon potential (TPE-3NP) to chiral order q^4, which corresponds to a subset of all possibilities at this order and is based on the \piN amplitude at O(q^3). Results encompass both numerical corrections to strength coefficients of previous O(q^3) terms and new structures in the profile functions. The former are typically smaller than 10% whereas the latter arise from either loop functions or non-local gradients acting on the wave function. The influence of the new TPE-3NP over static and scattering three-body observables has been assessed and found to be small, as expected from perturbative corrections.
The origin of ferromagnetism in semimagnetic III-V materials is discussed. The indirect exchange interaction caused by virtual electron excitations from magnetic impurity level in the bandgap to the valence band can explain ferromagnetism in GaAs(Mn) no matter samples are degenerated or not. Formation of ferromagnetic clusters and percolation picture of phase transition describes well all available experimental data and allows to predict the Mn-composition dependence of transition temperature in wurtzite (Ga,In,Al)N epitaxial layers.
This thesis is concerned with the calculation of fixed moments of the O(a_s^3) heavy flavor contributions to the Wilson coefficients of the structure function F_2(x,Q^2) in the limit Q^2 >> m^2, neglecting power corrections. The massive Wilson coefficients in the asymptotic region are given as convolutions of massive operator matrix elements (OMEs) and the known light flavor Wilson coefficients. The former derive from the twist--2 operators emerging in the light--cone--expansion and are calculated at the 3--loop level for fixed moments. We also compute the massive OMEs which are needed to evaluate heavy flavor parton distributions in the variable flavor number scheme to the same order. All contributions to the Wilson coefficients and OMEs but the genuine constant terms at O(a_s^3) of the OMEs are derived in terms of quantities, which are known for general values in the Mellin variable N. For the OMEs A_{Qg}^(3), A_{qg,Q}^(3) and A_{gg,Q}^(3) the moments N = 2 to 10, for A_{Qq}^{(3), PS} to N = 12, and for A_{qq,Q}^{(3), NS}, A_{qq,Q}^{(3), PS}, A_{gq,Q}^(3)}to N=14 are computed. These terms contribute to the light flavor '+'-combinations. For the flavor non-singlet terms, we calculate as well the odd moments N=1 to 13, corresponding to the light flavor '-'-combinations. We also obtain moments of the terms ~ T_F of the 3-loop anomalous dimensions in an independent calculation, which agree with results given in the literature. The mathematical structure of the occurring momentum integrals and of the final results in terms of harmonic sums is discussed. We study applications of the same techniques to the polarized and transversity case at the NLO and NNLO level as well.
In recent years, various shadow detection methods from a single image have been proposed and used in vision systems; however, most of them are not appropriate for the robotic applications due to the expensive time complexity. This paper introduces a fast shadow detection method using a deep learning framework, with a time cost that is appropriate for robotic applications. In our solution, we first obtain a shadow prior map with the help of multi-class support vector machine using statistical features. Then, we use a semantic- aware patch-level Convolutional Neural Network that efficiently trains on shadow examples by combining the original image and the shadow prior map. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate the proposed method significantly decreases the time complexity of shadow detection, by one or two orders of magnitude compared with state-of-the-art methods, without losing accuracy.
Given a sequence $(M_{n},Q_{n})_{n\ge 1}$ of i.i.d. random variables with generic copy $(M,Q)$ such that $M$ is a regular $d\times d$ matrix and $Q$ takes values in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, we consider the random difference equation (RDE) $R_{n}=M_{n}R_{n-1}+Q_{n}$, $n\ge 1$. Under suitable assumptions, this equation has a unique stationary solution $R$ such that, for some $\kappa>0$ and some finite positive and continuous function $K$ on $S^{d-1}:=\{x \in \mathbb{R}^{d}:|x|=1\}$, $ \lim_{t \to \infty} t^{\kappa} P(xR>t)=K(x)$ for all $x \in S^{d-1} $ holds true. This result is originally due to Kesten and Le Page. The purpose of this article is to show how regeneration methods can be used to provide a much shorter argument (in particular for the positivity of K). It is based on a multidimensional extension of Goldie's implicit renewal theory.
With quantum Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the consequences of placing a magnetic adatom adjacent to a vacancy in a graphene sheet. We find that instead of the adatom properties depending on the energy of the adatom orbital, as in a single impurity problem, they develop a dependence on the energy of the split localized state associated with the single vacancy problem. Shifting the chemical potential through this experimentally more accessible energy scale reveals novel behavior in the spectral density, magnetic susceptibility, and the correlations of the adatom spin and charge with those of the conduction electrons. In general, the behavior of the adatom in the presence of a vacancy differs significantly from its behavior in the absence of a vacancy.
We apply the method established in our previous work to derive a Chudnovsky-Ramanujan type formula for the Legendre family of elliptic curves. As a result, we prove two identities for $1/\pi$ in terms of hypergeometric functions.
The recent discovery of persistent GRB counterparts at lower frequencies permits several important conclusions to be drawn. The spectrum of GRB970508 is not consistent with an external shock origin for both the prompt GRB and the persistent emission, suggesting that at least the prompt radiation is produced by internal shocks. Comparisons among three GRB with counterparts (or upper limits on them) establishes that GRB are not all scaled versions of similar events. The angular size inferred from the apparent observation of self-absorption in the radio spectrum of GRB970508 a week later implies that its expansion had slowed to semi-relativistic speeds. This permits a remarkably low upper bound to be placed on its residual energy, suggesting either that radiation has been $> 99.7%$ efficient or that the initial outflow was strongly collimated. Observations of self-absorbed radio emission from future GRB may permit direct measurement of their expansion and determination of their parameters and energetics. We estimate initial Lorentz factors for GRB970228 and GRB970508 $\gamma_0 \sim 100$, and present a solution for the evolution of a blast wave with instantaneous cooling. The visible flux is predicted to rise initially as a power of $t$ slightly less than unity, in agreement with observations of GRB970508.
I discuss some aspects of recent developments in color superconductivity in high density quark matter. I calculate the Cooper pair gap and the critical points at high density, where magnetic gluons are not screened. The ground state of high density QCD with three light flavors is shown to be a color-flavor locking state, which can be mapped into the low-density hadronic phase. The meson mass at the CFL superconductor is also calculated. The CFL color superconductor is bosonized, where the Fermi sea is identified as a $Q$-matter and the gapped quarks as topological excitations, called superqualitons, of mesons. Finally, as an application of color supercoductivity, I discuss the neutrino interactions in the CFL color superconductor.
We present a feedback protocol that is able to confine a system to a single micro-state without heat dissipation. The protocol adjusts the Hamiltonian of the system in such a way that the Bayesian posterior distribution after measurement is in equilibrium. As a result, the whole process satisfies feedback reversibility -- the process is indistinguishable from its time reversal -- and assures the lowest possible dissipation for confinement. In spite of the whole process being reversible it can surprisingly be implemented in finite time. We illustrate the idea with a Brownian particle in a harmonic trap with increasing stiffness and present a general theory of reversible feedback confinement for systems with discrete states.
We have taken the kHz QPOs as a tool to probe the correlation between the tracks of X-ray color-color diagram (CCD) and magnetosphere-disk positions for the atoll source 4U 1728-34, based on the assumptions that the upper kHz QPO is ascribed to the Keplerian orbital motion and the neutron star (NS) magnetosphere is defined by the dipole magnetic field. We find that from the island to the banana state, the inner accretion disk gradually approaches the NS surface with the radius decreasing from r ~33.0km to ~15.9 km, corresponding to the magnetic field from B(r) ~4.8*10^6 G to ~4.3*10^7 G. In addition, we note the characteristics of some particular radii of magnetosphere-disk -r are: firstly, the whole atoll shape of the CCD links the disk radius range of ~15.9 - 33.0 km, which is just located inside the corotation radius of 4U 1728-34 -r_co ( ~34.4 km), implying that the CCD shape is involved in the NS spin-up state. Secondly, the island and banana states of CCD correspond to the two particular boundaries: (I)-near the corotation radius at r ~27.2 - 33.0 km, where the source lies in the island state; (II)-near the NS surface at r ~15.9 - 22.3 km, where the source lies in both the island and banana states. Thirdly, the vertex of the atoll shape in CCD, where the radiation transition from the hard to soft photons occurs, is found to be near the NS surface at r ~16.4 km. The above results suggest that both the magnetic field and accretion environment are related to the CCD structure of atoll track, where the corotation radius and NS hard surface play the significant roles in the radiation distribution of atoll source.
The significantly screened heavy-quark potential in hot medium provides the possibility to study exotic quantum states of three-heavy-quark systems. By solving the Schr\"odinger equation for a three-charm-quark system at finite temperature, we found that, there exist Borromean states which might be realized in high energy nuclear collisions, and the binding energies of the system satisfy precisely the scaling law for Efimov states in the resonance limit.
The Burst Observer and Optical Transient Exploring System (BOOTES) is a network of telescopes that allows the continuous monitoring of transient astrophysical sources. It was originally devoted to the study of the optical emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that occur in the Universe. In this paper we show the initial results obtained using the spectrograph COLORES (mounted on BOOTES-2), when observing compact objects of diverse nature.
We propose an experiment which can demonstrate quantum correlations in a physical scenario as discussed in the seminal work of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. Momentum-entangled massive particles are produced via the four-wave mixing process of two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates. The particles' quantum correlations can be shown in a double double-slit experiment or via ghost interference.
Nonlinear effects in pulse propagation through a medium consisting of four-level double-$\Lambda$-type systems are studied theoretically. We apply three continous-wave driving fields and a pulsed probe field such that they form a closed interaction loop. Due to the closed loop and the finite frequency width of the probe pulses the multiphoton resonance condition cannot be fulfilled, such that a time-dependent analysis is required. By identifying the different underlying physical processes we determine the parts of the solution relevant to calculate the linear and nonlinear response of the system. We find that the system can exhibit a strong intensity dependent refractive index with small absorption over a range of several natural linewidths. For a realistic example we include Doppler and pressure broadening and calculate the nonlinear selfphase modulation in a gas cell with Sodium vapor and Argon buffer gas. We find that a selfphase modulation of $\pi$ is achieved after a propagation of few centimeters through the medium while the absorption in the corresponding spectral range is small.
The following conjecture was proposed in 2010 by S. Lando. Let M and N be two unions of the same number of disjoint circles in a sphere. Then there exist two spheres in 3-space whose intersection is transversal and is a union of disjoint circles that is situated as M in one sphere and as N in the other . Define union A of disjoint circles to be situated in one sphere as union B of disjoint circles in the other sphere if there is a homeomorphism between these two spheres which maps A to B.   In this paper we prove that there exists pair of sets of 7 circles in sphere, that is a counterexample to the Lando conjecture. This is proved using the Avvakumov Theorem. We conjecture that there exists no pair (M,N) that is counterexample and M contains 6 or less circles.
We present a preliminary spectroscopic analysis of the binary system V577Oph, observed during the summer of 2007 on the 2.6m NOT telescope on La Palma. We have obtained time series spectroscopic observations, which show clear binary motion as well as radial velocity variations due to pulsation in the primary star. By modelling the radial velocities we determine a full orbital solution of the system, which yields M_A sin^3 i = 1.562 +/- 0.012 M_solar and M_B sin^3 i = 1.461 +/- 0.020 M_solar. An estimate of inclination from photometry yields a primary mass of 1.6 M_solar. Using this derived mass, and the known pulsation frequency we can impose a lower limit of 1 Gyr on the age of the system, and constrain the parameters of the oscillation mode. We show that with further analysis of the spectra (extracting the atmospheric parameters), tighter constraints could be imposed on the age, metallicity and the mode parameters. This work emphasizes the power that a single pulsation frequency can have for constraining stellar parameters in an eclipsing binary system.
One major challenge in computer vision is to go beyond the modeling of individual objects and to investigate the bi- (one-versus-one) or tri- (one-versus-two) relationship among multiple visual entities, answering such questions as whether a child in a photo belongs to given parents. The child-parents relationship plays a core role in a family and understanding such kin relationship would have fundamental impact on the behavior of an artificial intelligent agent working in the human world. In this work, we tackle the problem of one-versus-two (tri-subject) kinship verification and our contributions are three folds: 1) a novel relative symmetric bilinear model (RSBM) introduced to model the similarity between the child and the parents, by incorporating the prior knowledge that a child may resemble a particular parent more than the other; 2) a spatially voted method for feature selection, which jointly selects the most discriminative features for the child-parents pair, while taking local spatial information into account; 3) a large scale tri-subject kinship database characterized by over 1,000 child-parents families. Extensive experiments on KinFaceW, Family101 and our newly released kinship database show that the proposed method outperforms several previous state of the art methods, while could also be used to significantly boost the performance of one-versus-one kinship verification when the information about both parents are available.
Generalizing work of Schoen, we prove that the Chow group modulo $\ell$ of a product of $3$ or more very general complex elliptic curves is infinite.
We consider an SO(10) grand unified theory in which the ratio of the SU(2)_W and SU(3)_c gaugino masses satisfy M_2/M_3 \approx 3, which results in the realization of natural supersymmetry. In the MSSM parameter space this relation looks artificial, but in the SO(10) case it results from a field with a designated vacuum expectation value. We consider two models, namely M_1:M_2:M_3=-1/5:3:1 (Case I), and M_1:M_2:M_3=-5:3:1 (Case II). Focusing on ameliorating the little hierarchy problem, we explore the parameter space of these models which yield small fine-tuning measuring parameters (natural supersymmetry) at the electroweak scale (\Delta_{EW}) as well as at the high scale (\Delta_{HS}). Although both models allow for the solution of the little hierarchy problem, the predicted sparticle spectra can differ markedly in the two cases. Depending on the ratio of the bino mass to the other gaugino masses, Case I leads to stau lepton masses of around a 100 GeV, while in Case II, the stau slepton masses are in the several TeV range. In Case I, the bino-like neutralino can be as light as 90 GeV, while the gluino is heavier than 2 TeV or so. In Case II, due to gluino-bino near degeneracy, the bino cannot be lighter than a TeV or so. Having a light neutralino with sizable bino-higgsino mixture in Case I allows the direct dark matter search experiments to test this class of models.
Abundance of stable charged massive particles (CHAMPs) is severely constrained by their searches inside sea water. We examine whether inflation with low reheat temperature can sufficiently dilute the abundance to evade this severe bound on CHAMPs, by taking into account their production and annihilation in a plasma during reheating phase. We argue that the abundance of the CHAMPs with mass less than 1 TeV will exceed the experimental bound, ruling out these CHAMPs, especially the possibility of the superpartner of tau lepton as the stable lightest superparticle. On the other hand, it is found that the CHAMP much heavier than 1 TeV can survive the bound, if the reheat temperature is low enough.
A review is presented of some recent progress in spectral geometry on manifolds with boundary: local boundary-value problems where the boundary operator includes the effect of tangential derivatives; application of conformal variations and other functorial methods to the evaluation of heat-kernel coefficients; conditions for strong ellipticity of the boundary-value problem; fourth-order operators on manifolds with boundary; non-local boundary conditions in Euclidean quantum gravity. Many deep developments in physics and mathematics are therefore in sight.
Indian Licence Plate Detection is a problem that has not been explored much at an open-source level.There are proprietary solutions available for it, but there is no big open-source dataset that can be used to perform experiments and test different approaches.Most of the large datasets available are for countries like China, Brazil, but the model trained on these datasets does not perform well on Indian plates because the font styles and plate designs used vary significantly from country to country.This paper introduces an Indian license plate dataset with 16192 images and 21683 plate plates annotated with 4 points for each plate and each character in the corresponding plate.We present a benchmark model that uses semantic segmentation to solve number plate detection. We propose a two-stage approach in which the first stage is for localizing the plate, and the second stage is to read the text in cropped plate image.We tested benchmark object detection and semantic segmentation model, for the second stage, we used lprnet based OCR.
The structural, electronic, optical and vibrational properties of LiN$_3$ under high pressure have been studied using plane wave pseudopotentials within the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange and correlation functional. The calculated lattice parameters agree quite well with experiments. The calculated bulk modulus value is found to be 23.23 GPa which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 20.5 GPa. Our calculations reproduce well the trends in high pressure behavior of the structural parameters. The present results show that the compressibility of LiN$_3$ crystal is anisotropic and the crystallographic b-axis is more compressible when compared to a- and c-axis which is also consistent with the experiment. The computed elastic constants clearly shows that LiN$_3$ is a mechanically stable system and the calculated elastic constants follows the order C$_{33}$ $>$ C$_{11}$ $>$ C$_{22}$ implies that the LiN$_3$ lattice is stiffer along c-axis and relatively weaker along b-axis. Under the application of pressure the magnitude of the electronic band gap value decreases, indicating that the system has the tendency to become semi conductor at high pressures. The optical properties such as refractive index, absorption spectra and photo conductivity along the three crystallographic directions have been calculated at ambient as well as at high pressures. The calculated refractive index shows that the system is optically anisotropic and the anisotropy increases with increase in pressure. The observed peaks in the absorption and photo conductivity spectra are found to shift towards the higher energy region as pressure increases which imply that in LiN$_3$ decomposition is favored under pressure with the action of light.
We develop a novel method for multiphoton controllable transport between remote resonators. Specifically, an auxiliary resonator is used to control the coherent long-range coupling of two spatially separated resonators, mediated by a coupled-resonator chain of arbitrary length. In this manner, an arbitrary multiphoton quantum state can be either transmitted through or reflected off the intermediate chain on demand, with very high fidelity. We find, on using a time-independent perturbative treatment, that quantum information leakage of an arbitrary Fock state is limited by two upper bounds, one for the transmitted case and the other for the reflected case. In principle, the two upper bounds can be made arbitrarily small, which is confirmed by numerical simulations.