ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
MTV originated from the U.S. as a teen entertainment TV station. MTV Networks International has millions of viewers in more than 140 countries across the world. The broadcasting company majors in promoting different types of music by musicians in the U.S. and European nations. MTV also offers its viewers some local news, and it acts as an advertising avenue for companies across the world. The company’s core business activity is entertaining the youth, and it particularly targets youths at the age of 18-24 years. MTV broadcasts new songs from different artists working on different music genres across the world. The company has particularly succeeded in promoting the development of pop music in the U.S. and Europe. MTV is currently among the popular music channels in the world. Mission & Vision MTV’s mission statement highlights its course to own the youths across the world in terms of influencing their taste in music. The company strives to become an influential force in the type of music that people prefer. MTV actualises this by providing the youth with music from the best artists in different genres. The company also keeps updating its viewers about changes in the music industry by providing charts that highlight the best artists and songs in different genres. MTV’s mission statement also highlights its objective to influence fashion among the youth. The company offers advertisement channels for fashion trends in different parts of the world; thus, compelling youths to purchase specific kinds of clothes. MTV’s vision is to become a leading entertainment company in the world and to helping the promotion of different brands and talents. The company is quite competitive in its industry, and the management strives to realise its mission and vision. Strategy Choices MTV’s business strategy involves targeting a specific group of youths between the ages of 18 and 24. The company’s entertainment and advertising activities focus on influencing the trends assumed by this group of youths in terms of tastes in music and fashion. As revealed by its mission statement, the company looks to control the youth in their taste in music and fashion; hence, it has invested in broadcasting trending music, and it showcases new talents in different music industries. The company’ slogan is to “think globally and act locally” and it entails providing its viewers from different parts of the world with entertainment platforms that showcase local talent while promot
The poem “Out, Out -” written by Robert Frost should be regarded in terms of deconstruction theory since only deconstructionist can reveal the essence of the poem. Admittedly, the major theme of the poem is that people should always move on instead of crying over spilled milk. Nevertheless, this theme is overturned by the entire poem. More so, almost every line contradicts the theme (people should move on) which some can regard as the major theme of the poem. It is necessary to point out that the theme about the spilled milk emerges in the very end of the poem. The final lines make the reader come to that conclusion: “And they, since they / Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs” (Frost 33-34). Thus, the reader perceives these lines as a kind of poem’s idea that it is necessary to move on no matter what. Nevertheless, after a closer look it becomes clear that the author wanted to emphasize the beauty of life. More so, Frost condemns people who can easily forget their sorrow and just follow the horrible formula: people should move on. Admittedly, Frost depicts an idyll in the beginning of the poem. First, it is important to point out that he reveals the beauty and peacefulness of the view: “Five mountain ranges one behind the other / Under the sunset far into Vermont” (Frost 5-6). The author also portrays how peacefully boys are sawing. It is possible to imagine that happy family where boys help their father and a girl helps her mother and comes to say that the supper is on the table. The following parts of the poem create a very tense atmosphere, the atmosphere of some anticipation. The idyll is ruined and a horrible thing happens. The boy who suffers much dies. The author reveals the scene of boy’s death in a very emotional way. The boy does not want to die, but tries to “keep / The life from spilling” (Frost 21-22). The boy wants to live and be as happy as he used to be. Nevertheless, the boy dies abruptly: “No one believed” (Frost 31). It is after this scene when the lines about people who move on come into place. After the description of that sudden and horrible death of a boy who wants to live so much the author states that people just “turned to their affairs”. This is the most explicit evidence of author’s position as for people’s moving on. The author cannot possibly understand how people could just turn around and keep moving. The cruelty of people is emphasiz
Since the essays that depict the life of ordinary people needs to attract the attention of the readers to show the life of these people in full requires specific skills, the writers do quite a lot of work to make the picture interesting to those who are watching it. The whole procedure reminds of coloring a picture in the book to make it brighter and to make people see the all the colors of the rainbow. The same goes for the short novel called Perfection Is an Insult to the Gods by Tracy Kidder. As Bank (2009) put it, “You can be creative writing nonfiction. Frequently, the techniques of creative writing are applicable to work of nonfiction” (10) Kidder is trying to convey the main idea of the life of the people who are far from being refined and well-mannered, that is, the life of workers, the types that are usually referred to as Simple Sams, also possesses the e
Outline   * Introduction to Participatory Action Research   * Summary of Practicing Participatory Action Research by Kidd, S.A., and Kral, M.J   * Summary of Participatory Action Research: Reflections on Critical Incidents in a PAR Project by Santelli et al.   * Summary of Participatory Action Research in the Contact Zone by Torre, Fine et al.   * Conclusion Introduction to Participatory Action Research Participatory action research is a technique of carrying out a research through action. What this means is that the objects of the study are also actively involved in the research process; they become researchers themselves. This research technique is known by different terms including collaborative inquiry, emancipatory research, action learning, and contextual action research (O”Brien, 2001). In participatory action research, a researcher identifies a problem that afflicts a certain group of people or community. However, the researcher does not proceed to study the problem and find the solution without first contacting the group/community that is afflicted by the problem. This group of people becomes part and parcel of the research process. They agree on the existence of the problem, find ways and means of solving the problem and if their identified solutions do not yield desired result, they repeat the whole process again until the problem has been solved. The participatory action research is therefore a technique used to solve common problems. However, it has other features that distinguish it from the ordinary problem-solving activities. First, participatory action research, unlike common problem-solving activities, is a scientific study and therefore follows the scientific systematic process. This process involves: identification of a problem, statement of hypotheses to be tested, collection of data, analysis of data, presentation of data, and making inferences and conclusions from the data analysis that help to confirm or reject the hypotheses and provide solutions to the problem in question. Second, participatory action research uses the objects of the study as researchers. The people experiencing the problem in question are actively involved in the research process. They help to define the goals of the study, help to collect, analyze and present the data and make inferences from the data analysis. Third, participatory action research has a social aspect in it. This means that the research process happens within a real-life circumstance rather than in experimental situations, and its objective is to provide solutions to real-life difficulties. Lastly, the main researcher is not obligated to remain objective. This characteristic differs tremendously from other research techniques whereby the researcher is forced to remain objective and avoid personal bias while carrying out his research. In participatory action research, the researcher is allowed to have and show bias towards other participants involved in the study. He is allowed to have differing opinions with the other participants, voice these differences and discuss them with the participants. The participatory act
Introduction Socialism has for many years been closed linked and confused with liberalism. However, liberalism and socialism are different ideologies although they share some grey areas of similarities. Liberalism is a philosophy of being open-minded, tolerant and exercising individual liberty. Liberalism is ideally based on individual freedom; liberty of private property ownership but whatever is done by liberals must be within the law (Carter, 2003). On the other hand, the term socialism refers to an economic system where wealth is systematically shared and distributed throughout a population where members of the society are presumed equal and should have equitable claim of the pool of resources. According to Carter (2003), socialism assumes that people should be in a classless society and should not be discriminated against by the leaders. Initial advocates of liberalism did not support the privileges that were accorded to the members of upper class who were also barriers against acquisition of possessions by private individuals. These activists of liberalism succeeded in convincing the masses and people in leadership positions, that wealth was meant to be shared among all the people. Socialism and liberalism has been used by subdued groups of people to fight for their freedom from their tormentors. These are philosophical ideals that have come in conflict with totalitarianism and aristocracy. While socialists consider it right for everybody to have full control to what belongs to him as well as the means of its fabrication, liberalists believe that individual freedoms should be exercised within the law. Socialism is as old as human kind and many revolutions in the world have been started by people who believed in social ideologies. There are many forms of socialism: ranging from social democracy to anarcho-socialism. Forms of Socialism In social democracy the populace vote for their leaders and give them power to control production and distribution of resources while anarcho-socialism is when the people own companies that would compete or cooperate in production in a free market economy without any control from centralized government (Henderson, 1912). While liberalism seeks to give people the freedom to do what they want to do most, socialists believe that the employees or the majority should have the power to control and manage the drivers of the economy. The question of who should be in control of the economy or what is called means of production has been explained by historians through different political ideologies ranging from aristocracy, capitalism to socialism. Other Political Ideologies Aristocracy was a system of government where a few members of the ruling elite
Samara demonstrates a neurotic trend Samara demonstrates a neurotic trend of moving towards people. This is because after she breaks up with Tom, she turns to her friends for advice on solving her relationship puzzle. Samara demonstrates the need for affection and approval in that she expresses a constant desire to please her boyfriends by being extremely submissive. For example, she let Paul decide on all the aspects of their dates. By this act, she hoped that the boyfriend would approve of her submissiveness and love her more. In all her relationships, Samara manifests the neurotic need for a mate who will control her life. People with this trait tend to be frustrated when their current relationship ends. In every relationship she enters, she expresses the enthusiasm to be controlled. She wants Paul to decide everything on their date, for example. She comes out as someone who is too submissive. The subject expresses a neurotic craving for restricting their life in narrow boundaries. People who express this trait are usually content with little they are left with after sacrificing most of their happiness for the mates they obsessively desire to please. In so doing, they subordinate their needs and compromise their interest to please their partners. When Paul asked her what she desired to do, she answered, “whatever you want.” Samara’s neurotic behavior is caused by modern culture competitiveness as opposed to rational culture. In the context of the Middle East culture, the primary role of a woman is to be a wife and bear children. Her self-imposed competition for the attention of her boyfriends with other women places her interest at risk and leads her to develop these neurotic needs. In case, the social-psychological theory comes out clearly. It is generally characterized by a social phenomenon, love. There are also different theories that have been advanced in love. These theories create discordance regarding the mainstream perception of love. Pro-social behavior is another social phenomenon that bases on social influence. They manifest through a person indicating obedience and the way they lead an activity when they have power. In this case, Samara considers love, in a way, advanced theories on love underpins to explain liking, love, and emotional attachment. A social psychologist explains attachment as the need to be cared for and be with another person. Other major components of the attachment are approval and physical contact. Shimin: display various Horney’s neurotic needs By adopting a coping strategy of aggression, he resorted to handling his negative perception of his student lack of enthusiasm by comparing with his. He always compared the behaviors of his students towards education with his when he was a student. The subject assumed a withdrawal strategy characterized by a moving-away-from or resigning solution. After the act of aggression had failed to rectify the indifference between him and his student, he decided to abandon the career of teaching. He also avoided other students by avoiding them. Shimin displays various of Horney’s neurotic
Economy of Africa is facing challenges in overcoming the contractions of economy resulting from global recession. Africa is a continent that strives to achieve economic stability. The continent is on the road to recovery with the help of controlled prices of commodities and a strengthening global trade. There is a high risk that the growth will not be enough to reduce poverty and unemployment. Africa must overcome the numerous obstacles before the global economic crisis reduces its potential to grow. This also increases inequality of Africa with the rest of the world (Peterson 102). The current outlook on the development in Africa describes the changes in the external flows of finances and the trade policies. Africa fosters regional integration to ensure economic developments (Hyden 16751). Through the resources that Africa is endowed with, the continent is able to secure its future economic development given that it realizes unstable Aid on development and inflow of direct investment (Adam 359). Macroeconomic Situation and Prospects According to Harry (457), global economic crisis reduced the economic growth of Africa. Economic growth has reduced by approximately 6% and 2.5% in 2006-08 and 2009 respectively. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth was almost a standstill. Economic slowdown affected the tourism, manufacturing, and mining sectors significantly. The fall in commodity prices and global trade in goods and services exposed these sectors to decline in returns. Other affected sectors were the services and agriculture sectors. The countries that had huge harvests are at a position of reducing the effects the economic crisis. The countries that have no harvest are at the danger of advance economic crisis. The decline in the value of exports and rise in the value of imports led to deterioration in trade and current account balances (Yusuf 48). Donor countries have maintained the aid flows to Africa despite the fiscal pressure at their home countries. Debt service costs reduced in heavily indebted poor countries because the World Bank and the international monetary fund (IMF) take the initiative to relief debt. The African countries receive support to cope with economic crisis through additional loans from the African Development Bank, the IMF, and the World Bank. African countries have the chance of pursuing expansionary monetary and fiscal policies to ease the downturn. Interest rates on key policy and major spending on public programmes reduce to save finances for the essential strategies for reducing effects of economic crisis (Adam 364). Governments pursue macro policies to counter falling exchange rates, losses of international reserves, and deteriorating current balances. African countries will achieve higher growth after the recession because of ability of the countries to recover
Naum Gabo in his essay on neoplasticism and constructivism published in the book Theories of modern art tries to analyze the changes that have taken in the art world in modern years. He sees a clash between the new and the traditional forms of art with supporters of the conventional art trying hard to oppose today’s radical art (Gabo 325). To a great extent, Gabo criticizes futurists and cubists as having not made any headway in their efforts to make art more affordable to the masses. According to him, cubists initially wanted to simplify the representative but they instead managed to provide its analysis and failed to move there (Gabo 326). Looking at the visual aesthetics of cubists, Gabo suggests that the founders of this revolution were basically working from experimentation and they did not succeed in making any meaningful change in the art world since they ended up retaining the decorative and graphic style of the old artistic styles (326). The author’s major criticism of the futurists is the fact that they came out ‘guns blazing’ promising revolutionary changes in the way art was created only for them to stagnate at phase one. He describes the work of futuristic as very appealing at first glance but typically ordinary beneath the surface (Gabo 1). Gabo also has an issue with the way most futurists use the concept of speed to describe their work. He sees them as individuals whose understanding of the idea of speed has been skewed to the extent that they cannot appreciate its real representative; light (327). The painting titled “I and Village” by Marc Chagall is a clear representation of the cubist artwork which Gabo has extensively criticized in his analysis. The argument that cubist work looks nice on the surface but is essentially the same traditional painting we have been seeing has been well represented in this piece (Chagall 1). Ignoring all the surface elements, the background reveals a conventional painting hence justifying Gabo’s proposition. In the chapter on the foundation and manifesto of futurism from the book Theories of Modern Art, F.T Martinetti supports the idea of letting bygones be bygones and giving the new generation a chance (287). He equates admiring of an old piece of art to “pouring sentiments into a funeral urn” (Martinetti, 287). Martinetti claims that people don’t see hope for the future due to the nature of people always wanting to glorify days past. He takes the essay as an opportunity to encourage people to accept modernity and face it as it is (Martinetti 286). According to him, the new sceneries that are cropping up as a result of industrialization have created new landscapes which modern artists have to work with to create master pieces much like Cezanne handled the skies and the mountains. Unlike other critics and writer who have made careers criticizing modern art on the premise of it undergoing revolutionary changes on a
Spot market is the market where goods are traded for immediate delivery. Canada is the great exporter of a different commodities, and it has a number of marine pathways, where those commodities are delivered by freighted tankers. For example, there are prospects that Canadian natural gas can be transported to Europe: according to the article of Sapkota et al. (2018), Europe is in need of the natural gas. The most of its import is from Russia, which is considered as unreliable. The North American gas is considered as much cheaper than the European. There are several routes of transportation: by tankers from the West Coast or the East Coast, to which the gas should be transferred via pipelines. According to the study of Giguère et al. (2017), the number of freighted tankers which comes via the Canadian Arctic seas, have increased from 2003 to 2013, while the number of ships in total have decreased. It means that the popularity of goods transportation is increasing and the tanker market is rising. The main obstacle for natural gas transportation is the price: the transportation of the natural gas is much more expensive than oil. The gas transportation require liquefaction before the transportation and re-gasification after, which are additional costs (Sapkota et al., 2018). Another obstacle is that according to the study of Colton et al. (2016), there are protests against the active energy projects, such as natural gas production, due to environment concerns and the First Nation protests. In that way, they hinder the development of the gas and tanker markets. One can conclude that, despite the gas prices are larger than those of oil, the gas demand creates prospects for Canada to evaluate its gas sources and start to trade it. The activity of tankers is increasing: thus, it is a demand for goods transportation. While the protests against the natural gas sources exploring may prevent the development of goods transportation, such development will create a number of workplaces: both on tankers and gas sources.
In the past, American business schools only invited foreigners to pursue business courses in America. Recently, these schools have expanded through establishing many business programs in foreign countries and residents can access education without necessarily going to America. This however, is not without several limitations and that is why this paper discusses the benefits and limitations of American business institutions with programs abroad. Merits of American Business Institutions with Programs Abroad Just like any other business, expanding into other countries creates more customers for an organization. When an institution like Chicago University establishes its programs in a new country, it is likely to tap more customers, and especially persons who may not be in a position to travel to foreign counties because of family reasons. Moreover, American institutions benefit from cross-fertilization through expanding into other countries. For instance, lecturers from American Universities can research international issues relating to business while in other countries and at the same time, share their vast knowledge with students in these countries (Zhou 41). In addition, by expanding into foreign countries, American business institutions reduce the possibility of a single bad decision spoiling the entire program. These universities are as well able to distribute the costs of production across othe