ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The human race has always been accredited with being the most bright and ambitious of living things. One of the defining characteristics of the human civilization is our ambition and drive to excel in all of our endeavors. As a result of this, human beings often do whatever they can to achieve their goals and objectives using the resources that are at their disposal. This need to further their success is of great importance to their social, economic and political welfare. However, there are obstacles that tend to threaten the process through which these ambitions can be realized. They include competition, bureaucracies, and in some cases, cultural differences. Consequently, people are sometimes inclined engage in morally unacceptable behaviors or going against the set rules and laws in order to gain an upper hand over other people who are aiming for the same resources. Corruption is one of the concepts that man has adapted to and it has taken its toll in the human society as his desire and greed for material wealth and power increase. By definition, corruption refers to the use of available resources or designated power for purposes other than the intended ones or for personal gains. It is a very relative concept because it comes in different forms depending on the situation or action taken. In the current society, this vice has rapidly penetrated the social, political and economic realms and is causing pain and suffering to everyone whom it affects. Corruption comes in various forms and is exhibited at various levels of the society, as such, political analysts and other experts have divided corruption into the various forms that it comes in. Perhaps the most rampant and damaging form of corruption is political corruption which refers to a dysfunction in a political system whereby government or political officials and employees use their ranks or the resources allocated to them for personal gains. While all manners of corruption are inherently damaging to the society, this particular form of corruption poses the most significant threat since it is the political bodies in our country that are charged wi
Introduction The success of any organisation depends solely on the contribution of the employees. Employees are the most essential element of an organisation, and thus managers should put the needs of the workers ahead of theirs in order to ensure smooth running of an organisation. Motivating employees is the first step to ensuring that they give maximum contribution to the growth of an organisation. There are various ways of motivating employees, which include good salaries and remunerations, promotion, recognition and rewarding, leadership style, and off-duty times among other benefits. However, different cultures dictate different ways of motivating employees. Diversity in the world cultures directly relates to differences in the organisational cultures in different parts of the world. For instance, the workaholic Japanese culture is different from the American working culture of almost eight hours a day. Hence, a Japanese employee is motivated in a different style from an American employee, who
For centuries, home gardens have been used in many urban homes for aesthetic value. According to Anderson (1998), many urban homes have home gardens that are strategically located within the compound to create the feeling of being close to nature. In most of the urban settings, it is rare to find forests in settlement areas. However, people value the green environment, and the beauty that comes with it. This can only be obtained from home gardens. Figure 1: Rate of Reliance on Urban Home Gardens by Small Mammals According to Lindenmayer and Burgman (2005), when developing the home gardens, people always do not have even the faintest of the ideas that such gardens would be of any significance to other animals staying within these homes. However, the truth is that some of the mammals within these homes find the gardens more valuable to them than they are to the people who plant them. While people may only enjoy shade and other aesthetic value from them, some mammals rely on these gardens for their survival. They get their food and shelter from these gardens. It is important to evaluate how individual mammals may find these gardens important for their normal life. Dogs are the most common pets in most of the Australian homes. According to Kaplan and Blume, (2011, p. 56), they are the first mammals to be kept by the human beings. Figure 2 below shows the level of importance of the small mammals to the home gardens. Figure 2: Benefits of Small Mammals to Urban Home Gardens Domesticated rabbits may also benefit a lot from these gardens because of a number of reasons. Sometimes they may be released out of their cages once in a while. The gardens offer the best alternative within the compounds where they can rest in the cool shades. While in the gardens, the rabbits may find some plants which they can eat to supplement what they are given by their keepers. Staying outside their cages in an open space may be dangerous to them, especially if there are dogs around the place. The gardens offer some form of security to them because they can easily hide from these dangerous predators. As mentioned before, it is not common to find goats in the Australian urban homes because of their size, and the amount of food they need to survive. In such cases, the home garden will offer goats the much needed food. The figure below shows a goat grazing in a garden A goat grazing in a garden Although these are animals which are not desirable within the settings where people live, sometimes it may not be easy to eliminate them. The home gardens are always of great benefit to them. Rabbits also benefits from such gardens. Below figure shows a rabbit in a garden. A rabbit resting in a home garden These gardens offer a perfect resting place for dogs as shown in the figure below.
Introduction The media played an important role during the Arab Spring, and this showed the world the need to use various communication tools to influence people (Khalil 11). This part will present a general picture of the Egyptian Revolution and explain to the audience how the events of this period were disastrous yet unexpected. The background part will show the evils or weaknesses of the existing regimes before people took to the streets (Korany and El-Mahdi 39). This part will form the root of the research because it will present how the media played significant roles in educating people about their rights before they started demonstrating. Research Hypothesis The Arab Revolutions in Egypt transformed journalism and placed media houses in unchallenged positions (Cook 41). This section will explore the avenues used by media houses to express various issues about the ruling regime and demonstrators during the uprising. It will present a position that has come to be accepted by citizens and politicians regarding the place of media houses in Egypt. Research Questions There are various issues that the world needs to understand about the civil unrest that broke out in Egypt (Iskandar 15). This section will use questions to evoke reasoning and enable the audience and researchers to examine the events of Egypt Revolution from different perspectives. It will challenge the audience to have an objective understanding of various issues regarding the media and how the revolution strengthened its course in Egypt. Literature Review The media has a lot to offer about the revolution, and thus, it is a source of information about the events of that period. Primary and secondary sources will be used to support, criticize, and compare information about the events that unfolded in Egypt. Methodology Data Collection Most international and local media houses covered the events of Egypt Revolution either live or through other sources (Bradley 51). This section will explore how various media houses obtained their information and disseminated it to the public. It will use selected media houses and evaluate their roles in the unrest. Sampling The Arab Revolution was a horrible event, and few journalists had the courage to cover events as they unfolded (Mehrez 22). This part will explore various ways that journalists and other researchers used to collect data about the demonstrations. It will research and present how different media houses played their roles in exposing the brutal murders of demonstrators and the crumbling of Egypt’s ruler. Data Analysis The events of Egypt Revolution were like movie scenes because nobody expected a long-serving president w
Introduction Growth is one of the core business goals. Russier, Hisrich, and Antoncic (477) emphasize that growth is no longer an option for businesses, but a necessity. The impetus for organizational growth is instigated by the need to maximize wealth and the level of profitability, which can only be achieved if viable strategies are adopted. Russier, Hisrich, and Antoncic (477) assert that internationalization involves the geographic expansion of business activities across the national boundaries. Considering the extensive economic opportunities available in the international market, business leaders need to adopt broad strategic management practices. Subsequently, they should focus on how to achieve market expansion and ensure that various components of internationalization are taken into account. One of the core components that firms should consider entails effective human resource management. Schuler (239) argues that business success irrespective of the scope of operation is determined by how well managers run the human capital. Therefore, Schuler (239) proposes that firms intending to internationalize their operations should integrate their human resource management practices within the global context. However, the complexity of managing human capital increases as firms expand into the international market. Failure to adopt effective international business management practices might affect a firm’s long-term competitiveness. This paper evaluates the major challenges facing international businesses by analyzing the case of ABB, which is a multinational firm. Moreover, the assessment is conducted within the broader context of internationalization by assessing international human resource management practices. Historical development of internationalization The concept of internationalization has undergone a remarkable evolution over the past decades. The term internationalization originated in the early 1920s as a replacement of the concept of imperialism (Ruzzier, Hisrich, and Antoncic 477). Internationalization gained dominance during the post-World War II era. Ruzzier, Hisrich, and Antoncic assert that internationalization “was unrivalled until the early 1970s, when a new phenomenon of globalisation started to emerge” (477). Previous literature shows that internationalization was mainly available for mature multinational corporations. Nonetheless, the benefits associated with internationalization have motivated small and medium-sized enterprises to gain broader interests (Ruzzier, Hisrich, and Antoncic 476). Ruzzier, Hisrich, and Antoncic corroborate that countries characterized “by balance of payment deficits have incr
Australian theatre and film can be traced way back to the year 1850. It began as a theatre industry majorly characterised by short, simple and live stage performances which involved a limited number of actors. The modern industry is now characterised by documented films and movies with complex themes and large cast crews. The industry transformed and developed with time and by the year 1945, Australia had already made a name in the world’s leading film and movie industry. The industry has since seen rapid developments especially in audience population, convenience, the target audience and the quality of productions. Nowadays, the modern cinema industry is more portable and a convenient mode to distribute artworks is a technological improvement in the theatre industry. All these transformations took place in phases and had underlying factors (Mclnnes, 2012). The period around the year 1850 was characterized by plain acting and comedy. Most people engaged in the theatre industry were much concerned with entertaining the audience and most productions in this era comprised of short skits, comical oral presentations and acted comedies. These were more entertaining but lacked concrete themes, thus the productions of these periods lacked professional aspects but were much inclined to creativity and comical concerns (Mclnnes, 2012). The people involved took the theatre industry as a part time occupation and some did it for fun. It was majorly for the most talented in the society who were up to entertain, sometimes at no charge. Therefore, most presentations were short and simple to understand, with less professional contributions and
Fayol and What He Had to Say on Corporate Management Coordinating the work of several hundred employees and making sure that the production processes are running smoothly is not an easy task, especially when the need to solve workplace conflicts and improve relationships among employees arises. Therefore, for a company manager to get the priorities in line and have a clear plan for the further course of actions in mind, it is crucial to introduce a list of the key management principles. Unless Henry Fayol had introduced his concept of management in the middle of the XIX century, exercising control over the employees and improving production processes would be extremely complex even in the present-day setting (Oliviera 2011). Born in Ottoman Empire and raised in France, Henri Fayol was practically destined to bridge people of different cultures, ethnicities and walks of life, and nowhere else this feature of his was as evident as in his management practice. Organizing the work of more than 10,000 people in Compagnie de Commentry-Fourchambeau-Decazeville mining company, Fayol managed to coin his own unique principles of management, most of which remain topical even in the modern business setting:   * Management is universal;   * Being a manager is not an inborn, but an acquired quality;   * Authorities can be delegated; responsibilities must not be;   * A manager’s span of control must not be over 6;   * Each staff member must be assigned with only one piece of work;   * A clear demarcation of authority from top to bottom must be provided;   * Each employee must be informed about his/her duties in writing (Singla 2011). The Tomorrow’s Planet Channel and Its Management Issues Unfortunately, Fayol’s ideas seem to have been neglected in the organization, which I used to work in several months ago. The Tomorrow’s Planet Channel, which specialized in news reports, seemed to have a rather weird approach towards management issues. One of the basic problems of the company revolves around the management of the remote personnel. Although Tomorrow’s Planet is quite small yet, the company’s leader is thinking of expanding into the U.S. market, which leads to recruiting people from all over the U.S. As a result, a number of remote employees have been h
Introduction Today, business process optimization is a natural movement towards progress, which is realized through the implementation of effective technological solutions. One of these tools to improve the quality and productivity of work in different directions is an ERP system, an advanced algorithm for planning numerous procedures and operations without human intervention. These systems have a number of valuable features and, despite some shortcomings, are gaining popularity in today’s business environment. This work aims to identify the main peculiarities of ERP platforms regarding their impacts, present and compare the most popular modern digital applications, describe the affected business processes by using the example of one manufacturing enterprise, and assess the prospects for the development of these systems by taking into account the latest Industry 4.0 technologies. ERP assessment makes it possible to describe this software as a valuable tool that minimizes planning errors and can be useful in different areas of work. General Feature of Enterprise Resource Planning To carry out day-to-day operational and computing tasks, many organizations implement special software designed to simplify and speed up many procedures. With the advent of computer technology, this process has become widespread, and the optimization strategy through the integration of production resources and different operations was called enterprise resource planning (ERP). Madanhire and Mbohwa (2016, p. 225) give a detailed definition of this technology – this “is the strategic tool which synchronizes, integrates, and streamlines data and processes of the organization into one single system to gain a competitive edge in the uncertain business environment”. This description of ERP emphasizes the relevance of achieving high productivity in dynamic working conditions. In addition, given a wide range of capabilities of such a mechanism, particular attention is paid to multitasking as an aspect that stimulates the introduction of computer algorithms for calculations and planning in distinctive environments to obtain the most effective operational outcomes. For any organization, the principles of implementing and maintaining ERP sustainability can be individual and differ based on various criteria, for instance, the specifics of the business, the availability of appropriate resources, and other parameters. However, from a planning perspective, there are general principles for introducing ERP into an operational environment, which have evolved from simpler practices. As Šimović, Varga, and Soleša (2020) note, a system called manufacturing resource planning (MRP) was utilized as a technological base to create more advanced strategies and steps for implementing software development and innovation. The first steps were taken i
Introduction The current paper is based on the American comedy series, ‘Two and a Half Men,’ its characters and the environment set-up, within which the comedy is acted. Aspects of the features of rooms where the comedy series is conducted are discussed in the paper. The conduct of the characters in the form of their use of language is also analyzed. Features of the Room in Which Much of the Comedy Takes Place Much of the comedy series is performed at Charlie’s house, which is located adjacent to the beach. The house has a lot of features that make me feel comfortable. First, the living room is spacious with plenty of natural lighting due to several large glass windows. Also, it is placed at the sea, thus enabling one to enjoy the breeze of the ocean in the comfort of the house. The room is decorated with a blend of many different materials, used in harmony. This feature is thereby giving the illusion of a warm atmosphere where the action takes place. The furniture items inside the house are well arranged to assist in maneuvering in all directions. It should also be remarked that the interior decoration of the house seems to fit the characters, and the actions they perform in the house in various ways. First, the atmosphere created by the warm colors like yellow and orange fits an informal set-up for such a comedy to take place. Secondly, the value of items inside the house seems to be very high. One should take into account that wealthy people are usually more associated with such informal situations and dialogues, even with their children than in less wealthy families (Simpson, 1976). Differences between Rooms in a Comedy and Drama Series Most drama series usually involve one character or characters who conflict with other members of the family or community and are in most cases educative in nature (Ballon, 2003). Thus, the dramatic series are usually written down to be performed on stage. In this case, the stage is set depending on the characters’ actions in the drama series. However, it should be stated that comedy series are normally acted in a home setting, and their major aim is to create humor and make people laugh. The environment for performing the drama series is normally staged with the audience around the place. On the other hand, characters to the comedy series, such as the ‘Two and a Half Men,’ perform their shows in a cozy environment in the comfort of their houses, and they do so as if they are just in their normal life and are not acting. It will not be denied that the furnishings in the rooms of a very wealthy home normally differ from the houses of the less affluent families in various ways. First, the features of the interior decor of the house are different in terms of space occupied by the living room, the value and make of the furniture and fittings, the ambiance created by the blend of colors in the room, etc. In line with this, the choice of materials utilized in the construction of furnishings in the house also helps one distinguish between the house of a wealthy person and that of a poor person (Ransley & Ingram, 2004). A good example of b
Introduction When creating a strategic plan, there a company executive or the person left in charge of creating it has the responsibility to ensure the document forwarded contains the necessary steps to consider and take. A strategic plan gives a company the direction to take when they are looking to move from strength to strength, from one level of productivity and profitability to the next. This paper is a case study of an employee, Angelina, charged with the responsibility to ensure the company she works at has a strategic plan that will allow the company to grow over a certain period. The firm is an insurance firm, so the main issue to consider in her quest to create a perfect strategic plan is the oligopolistic competition that is commonplace in that sector. In this paper, the main factors she is to consider are analyzed and discussed. The four factors that are analyzed in this paper are the current market, competition, the economy, and the regulatory environment. A strategic plan is a document prepared by business entities that outlines the direction the entity is planning to take in order to attain a number of set goals. A firm comes up with its goals by determining where it is, where it intends to be, and how it intends to get there. The document that captures all this information is known as a strategic plan. A strategic plan is not cast in stone, and in the constantly changing business environment, it is inevitable that a successful business will keep changing its strategic plan to adapt. Oligopolistic competition Stroux (2004) states that industry is said to be oligopolistic when a remarkably large share of its total output is in the hands of few relatively large firms. In an oligopolistic market, a change in the output of any one of these firms in the market causes a significant shift in the market price of a commodity. The demand curve in an oligopolistic market is kinked, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: The kinked demand curve of an oligopolistic market (Petroff, 2002). In the upper part of the demand curve, the market is extremely elastic. If a firm increases its prices, other firms will not follow suit, and the firm loses market share. On the other hand, if a firm increases prices in the lower part of the curve, the other firms will do the same and, therefore, no firm increases its market share (Petroff, 2002). Key Factors to Consider The Current Market It is necessary for a firm to understand the market within which it operates, how it will respond to its products, and how best to appeal to this market within the timespan of the strategic plan. When examining the insurance market, key factors to consider are insurer profitability and the appetite for insurers to provide cover. These two factors are mainly affected by the economic environment, the volatility of the investors’ market, commercial considerations of the insurers, and climatic conditions (AON, 2011). Between 2