ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Several years ago, globalisation began to develop as an influential trend in economics with a focus on trade and international economic relationships. However, later this process also affected politics, and today researchers and experts argue how globalisation influences political affairs in terms of its positive and negative effects (Lane, 2017; Solingen & Malnight, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of developing globalisation and its effect on politics with reference to discussing associated challenges in detail. Globalisation and Politics: Associated Challenges The progress of the principles of globalisation in the world has led to changing not only economic relationships between countries but also political ones. Consequently, the governments in different states have observed the necessity of discussing the course of their domestic politics in the context of global trends. The reason for following this approach is in the increased impact of international political actors on each other, as well as the impact of global political structures, like the United Nations (Lane, 2017). One of the key challenges associated with globalisation and its role in politics is intensified interdependence of political actors in the context of their decisions that can potentially influence the development of the world community. The problem is that not all governments decide to change courses to address the needs of the global community and be coordinated by the voice of the majority in the global political arena (Walter, 2017). This aspect leads to conflicts between political leaders of different states in relation to their courses regarding the protection of human rights and the avoidance of genocide and civil wars to maintain the world order. There are cases when the focus on globalisation does not provide governments with opportunities to address their citizens’ needs and interests. While discussing this challenge, researchers often use the example of the European Union that illustrates the necessity of focusing on globalisation at certain stages of countries’ development to get economic benefits (Lane, 2017). However, today, to fully satisfy the needs of all citizens in the European Union, some countries need to adjust their courses in terms of politics to make them more domestic and focused. As a result, globalisation has both pros and cons for the politics of different countries depending on their level of development and dependence on global political structures. Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalisation for Politics The advantages of globalisation for politics are vi
Introduction An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a computerized banking machine that allows clients to access basic banking operations such as deposits, withdrawals and balance checking among others functions. ATMs are very convenient since they allow the clients to access their accounts without the hustles involved in traditional banking processes (lining up and filling multiple forms). As such, they save the clients a lot of time and money. In addition, they are efficient accurate and fast as compared to the banking tellers. However, in as much as ATMs have proven to be convenient in our lives, a number of risks have developed over their usage. The most prominent threat is that ATMs give criminals a chance to get to our money especially if ATM users do not take precautions while using the ATM machines. Even though people can avoid such risks by using common sense, it is always a worthwhile endeavor to review some proven tactics periodically in a bid to avoid mishaps, all the while improving your chances of averting risky situations. Lannon and Gurak (2010) assert that manuals are among the best tools to ensure that clients use products and services conveniently and safely. In this regard, following these six steps will improve your chances against various risks associated with ATM usage. ATM security Ensure that you look around the ATM location before you decide to approach it. The purpose of this step is to ensure that there are no suspicious people larking around the ATM or standing too close to you while you transact your business. In addition, ensure that you use an ATM that you are familiar with. A trusted ATM is more secure than a ‘new’ one. Be prepared Ensure that you have all the requirements needed to use an ATM machine. Make sure you have your ATM card, you know your business in the ATM, and most important of all, you have memorized the correct PIN number (eHow, 2008). Covering such details ensures that you take the least time in the ATM thereby lessening the chances of experiencing further complications while at the machine. Inspect the machine before Inserting Your Card Incase you see something unfamiliar on the ATM machine; do not use it because it may be part of an elaborate scam. Any additional equipment may be used to compromise your bank account. Such add-ons include card readers and hidden cameras. Card inserti
Introduction In the lonely man of faith article, Soloveitchik tries to find a way in which he could understand frustrations and conflicts that occurred in his path while pursuing faith in the current world (Soloveitchik, 1992). The main conflict Soloveitchik tries to put across concerns the loneliness that people of faith experience in the modern society. Men of faith experience this loneliness despite having many friends and acquaintances. The whole story centers on the universal theme of struggling to be human. In addressing the theme, Soloveitchik analyzed the two creation stories of genesis in the first two chapters. According to Soloveitchik assertions, there are three inconsistencies in the first two chapters of the bible (Soloveitchik, 1992). While analyzing these discrepancies, two types of human beings are created. In line with Soloveitchik, these types of human nature are called the first and the second Adams (Soloveitchik, 1992). It this two types of Adams, human nature is depicted together with the way it leads its life in the modern world. This paper analyzes these two typologies of human nature in the context of marriage and their implications in the social work practice. Review of Soloveitchik’s typology of human nature in ‘the Lonely Man of Faith’ In line with Soloveitchik claims, the first chapter in the bible indicates that Adam was like God. However, this chapter did not mention the formation process of Adams body. The second chapter shows that Adams body was from soil, and into his nostrils, God breathed the breath of life (Samuel & Sable, 2008). Besides, founded on Soloveitchik arguments, there were two Adams. The first Adam got the Gods mandate to fill the world and have the power over everything that is on it. The second Adam was given the duty of cultivating the land and keeping the gardens (Samuel & Sable, 2008). In the story of the first Adam, man and woman were concurrently created while in the second Adam story, Eve or the helper appeared later. Similarly, Soloveitchik had the view that these contradictions and discrepancies are not textual, but they are rather within the human nature. They result from the duality and inner incongruity found in human beings (Samuel & Sable, 2008). As a result, two types of people are depicted. The Adams of the two stories is not real people, but they represent the types of human beings that Soloveitchik constructs. The function of these two people creates the comparability and greater understanding of the natural duality of human beings in society. Soloveitchik asserts that the first Adam and Eve were made in the God’s image during creation. As indicated in the first chapter, “the first Adam and Eve were permitted to reproduce and fill the whole earth”. Moreover, they were to have dominion and power over nature. Soloveitchik further argues that, “creation in the God’s image meant that human beings are gifted with celestial intelligence that they must utilize to fulfill the God’s command” (Solove
Background This dispute involves the United States and People’s Republic of China. The two nations are members of World Trade Organizations and are bound to other international trade agreements such as the GATT. The US accuses its trade partner for violating various rules that relate to the exportations of variety of raw material. Indeed China has resulted to stockpiling of critical raw material such as manganese and steel among many others (Men and Balducci 71). This in turn has led to a significant comparative advantage of Chinese industries in production of the specific products at the expense of American firms that have to pay high prices for importation of the raw materials. History According to Feenstra, these unfair trade tactics have prevailed in the international trade for a long time (71). Usually, countries apply such tactics to have considerably higher advantage of their locally manufactured products. China is among the leading producers of fluorspar, manganese and steel. These products rarely have substitutes despite their global demand increasing exponentially. To that end, American companies that specialize in manufacturing have to contend with high production costs mainly emanating from high importation prices (Trebilcock and Howse 79). As such, the final products of the American firms are expensive in comparison to the Chinese products (Feenstra 11). Worse still, the Chinese government has a growing tendency of instituting export quotas, duties and other related export restraints (Men and Balducci 31). By so doing, the Chinese produces cheaper products since it controls the raw materials. President Obama warns that were the trend let to continue within the framework of the international trade, American manufacturing industry is poised to lose substantial competitiveness. The effect is cyclical in terms of increased unemployment owing to the imminent collapse of the sector (Feenstra and Taylor 17). For example, Granite City, Illinois, has seen many steel industries closed amid the increasing government pressure to address the unstable and high rates of unemployment. This contravenes the notion that all nations stand to benefit from international trade. Government’s Response In response to this dispute, the American government has explored various options. First, through legislation the government could move in to save its local industry by instituting protectionism measures. This would be in an attempt to counter the glaring collapse of manufacturing sector. Import subsidies could be an alternative to increase the local companies’ competitiveness at the global stage. However, this would translate to increased government spending which is unrealistic since the government is struggling to counter the increased spending. On June 2009, the government forwarded the dispute to the WTO and cited instances that it felt China had violated international trade rules and protocols (Reuvid and Sherlock 41). Status of t
Published as a FIPS 197 standard in 2001, the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) data encryption was meant to substitute the 1976 DES (Data Encryption Standard) has shown vulnerabilities and been considered antiquated. It should be noted that the AES is not a single institution’s product but rather a result of an open competition that attracted multiple research teams from around the world. Though both AES and DES are examples of symmetric block ciphers, AES is a more elegant and efficient cryptographic algorithm empowered by improved mathematical foundations. The main power of AES rests in a variety of key lengths (Aleisa, 2015). Generally, the longer a key is, the better the security that comes with it. Not only that but a variety in the key length allows for future-proofing the algorithm in case the performance of exhaustive key searches advances (Aleisa, 2015). Therefore, AES is superior to DES since the latter only supports the 56-bit key length while with the former, the key length can be 128-bits, 192-bits, and 256-bits. When it comes to the structure, DES employs the Feistel network whose major disadvantage is the limited capacity for parallelization, which slows down the algorithm. Besides, Feistel ciphers only transform part of the internal state each round (Rihan, Khalid & Osman, 2015). In contrast, AES relies on permutation-substitution, which implies a series of substitution and permutation steps that create an encrypted block. The structure of AES makes it inherently less susceptible to cryptanalysis. What further adds to the strength of AES is the flexibility in the number of rounds (example: 10 rounds for 128 bit, 12 rounds for 192 bit, and 14 rounds for 256 bits). Reference Aleisa, N. (2015). A Comparison of the 3DES and AES Encryption Standards. International Journal of Security and Its Applications , 9 (7), 241-246. Rihan, S. D., Khalid, A., & Osman, S. E. F. (2015). A performance comparison of encryption algorithms AES and DES. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) , 4 (12), 151-154.
The amniotic egg evolution is an adaptation that allowed the first reptiles to thrive in a dry land – the development occurred over 300 million years ago. A shell surrounds the amniotic eggs of reptiles and birds. The robust shell protects the egg from drying out, predators, pathogens, and physical damage to the delicate membranes. The shell is a poor heat conductor to help retain the optimum temperature inside an egg. One can store a healthy egg at room temperature without damage. The shell also prevents toxins from invading the internal membranes. The shell surface has tiny pores that allow oxygen to pass into the egg. However, the pores are small enough to restrict disease-causing organisms from invading egg fluids. Smooth inflow and outflow of air in an egg are essential, as it prevents embryo suffocation. Notably, the shell and four other membranes form a secure liquid environment that allows an embryo to grow from a few cells to a mature animal. The first sac, the chorion, transports oxygen into the embryo and eliminates carbon dioxide through the pores. The second membrane is known as the amnion, and it contains moisture that keeps the egg damp on dry land. The allantois, which is the third sac, stores the waste generated in the embryo. The membrane links with the chorion to create a chorioallantoic membrane that serves as a lung, facilitating the absorption of oxygen in the embryo and removing the unwanted carbon dioxide. Overall, the shell and its adaptations allow reptiles and egg-laying mammals to inhabit drylands. In summary, the amniotic egg evolution is crucial as it ensures animals that could only survive in wet environments can occupy other places and reproduce successfully. Some amniotes have developed unique adaptations that allow them to stay in the dry land. For instance, humans do not produce tough-shelled eggs since the ovum grows inside the womb – a controlled moist environment. Consequently, the adaptation allows amniotic mammals to reproduce successfully in various surroundings: hot, cold, dry, and wet conditions.
Introduction Every client expects to get fair treatment as they seek services from an organization since they are willing and able to spend their resources in exchange for a commodity or amenity. This justifies why clients prefer one service provider to another since they are assured they will get value for their money from the firm or individual serving them. Safety and well-being give potential and existing clients the confidence to seek services as they are assured their providers consider their security and satisfaction as priorities (Abu-El-Noor et al., 2019; Lawati et al., 2018). Patients are no exception as they seek services in healthcare facilities where they expect nurses and other practitioners to handle them with utmost care and a high level of professionalism. Patients’ well-being and safety are one of the main concerns that nurses incorporate as they deliver their services since they put the needs of their clients to ensure that each gets personalized attention. Background A culture of prioritizing the safety and care for patients by the nurses motivates them to work together as they are committed and working towards a collective goal (Albalawi et al., 2020). Saudi Arabia has both private and public healthcare entities that offer services to local and international patients. Professionals working in different healthcare facilities aim to provide medical services to all persons. Patient safety culture is a belief, attitude, pattern of behavior, beliefs, and competencies organized in a manner that individuals seeking treatment are provided with quality services and their wellbeing and security are considered. Patients’ needs are evaluated, and policies are developed to enhance their wellbeing, with the recognition that most Saudi Arabian healthcare facilities provide both in and out-patient services (Alharbi et al., 2018). Practitioners working in the different healthcare facilities must first feel safe to ensure they extend the same treatment to the individuals seeking their services. Patients’ complaints and compliments about a healthcare facility should be put into consideration, and the basis for the decision-making process since all values incorporated in the treatment of all persons should begin by extending equality for all. Patient safety prioritizes the prevention of potential harm to patients, with the safety culture for patients being a popularized culture for nurses (Aljadhey et al., 2016). Open communication, effective leadership styles, decision-making processes, adequate staffing, and continuous improvement are the main drivers of patient safety culture amongst nurses. Literature Review According to Ammouri et al. (2015), patient safety is a crucial and relevant role for healthcare service providers, with nurses playing an active and direct role in supporting the well-being of patients. This is because nurses interact with the patients as
Abstract Expressive language development is paramount for preventing stunted growth and intellectual diminishment in children with ADHD and hearing loss. The available body of literature does not provide enough information on the subject. The purpose of this presentation is to present a review of three potential strategies to help children develop expressive language skills. Description Rationale Learning to use expressive language is a major goal for children’s mental, personal, and educational development. Children with ADHD and hearing loss have additional barriers in developing expressive language patterns. Helland, Posserud, Helland, Heimann, and Lundervold (2016) state that the majority of children with ADHD also experience language impairments. Schwartz (2017) sustains that the same issue occurs in individuals with impaired hearing. Together, the problems add one upon another, becoming a significant barrier for language development in special needs students suffering from both ADHD and hearing loss. A study dedicated to developing strategies for expressive language development would help improve the situation for these students. Relevance to Learners, Families, and/or Educators of Diverse Groups: Implementing effective strategies for expressive language development in children with hearing loss and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would benefit teachers, students, and families alike. Teachers will have a solid framework to rely on when working with special needs students. Learners will benefit from a specialized approach based on academic evidence, and families would be able to enjoy their children succeed despite the limitations placed upon them. Usefulness to Practitioners The practitioners will present the overall situation in regards to teaching expressive language in children with deafness and ADHD to improve their socialization skills, academic prowess, and personal development goals. Their goals would include identifying potential strategies for teaching students with special needs, their strengths and weaknesses, and their potential for handling the combined effect of deafness and ADHD on the teaching process. Each of the presenters will review one of the following strategies (Lund & Douglas, 2016):   * Explicit direct instruction;   * Follow-in labeling;   * Incidental exposure. The use of recent academic literature and scholarly evidence will ensure the usefulness of the proposed methods in expressive language development in special needs students. Participant Outcomes The provided report will help inform the conversation surrounding the development of expressive language in children with hearing loss and ADHD concerning contemporary teaching practices. The usefulness of the provided information for the participants includes the following:   * A deeper understanding of how ADHD and hearing
The five themes outlined in the book “End-to-End Lean Management” explain how the lean concept can be implemented in business organizations. The first theme is that lean should be treated and implemented as “a philosophy rather that a set of techniques” (Trent, 2008, p. 279). This theme is relevant because lean is an evidenced-based approach that supports a company’s business strategy. The second theme is that lean must be implemented as an end-to-end process. This theme explains why corporations should consider specific aspects such as distribution, transportation, and supply. It should be embraced to implement lean successfully. The third theme explains why firms should implement lean models capable of supporting their goals. Corporations should ensure that their lean processes are aimed at driving performance. The next argument is that lean should be supported by every stakeholder in a firm. The success of lean depends on the roles and functions executed in a firm. All employees, departments, and roles should be part of the lean process (Trent, 2008). The final theme is that lean should be a continuous process. This theme indicates that total quality cannot be realized. New improvements should be made continuously in accordance with the changing needs of different clients. These themes summarize the desirable truths and realities of lean management. Such themes present powerful ideas that must be embraced by firms that want to realize their potential (Trent, 2008). However, the author fails to explain why lean should be guided by the changing consumer needs and existing gaps. This new theme should be embraced by firms that want to succeed. I strongly believe that these themes will not change in the future. However, new themes focusing on modern technologies might emerge. Lean production can benefit significantly from modern technologies. These measures will eventually support the business needs of many corporations. Reference Trent, R. (2008). End-to-end lean management: A guide to complete supply chain improvement. Fort Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Publishing.