ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction People have always needed some place to live. At the dawn of time, a human being needed some shelter from the wind, frost, rain and, moreover, it should be able to protect him/her from wild animals. With the development of society main function of house has not changed. It still serves as the place where people can shelter from different phenomena of nature and find comfort and relax there. However, sometimes a person needs to go away from his/her home on business. Having developed from simple taverns or some other establishments, hotels nowadays play an important role in the life of every city suggesting their services to travelers, businessmen or simple tourists. Resting on these facts, special system which main aim was to book a room for a person appeared. Reservation system became an integral part of the functioning of every hotel. The following work is devoted to investigation of some peculiarities of its functioning and some other aspects connected with the work of this system. It is obvious, that this system did not appear at the same time when the first hotels were created. Nowadays, all establishments of this kind in the world are equipped with complicated electronic system which has a lot of different functions. However, situation was absolutely different may years ago. Very often, people had to travel from one hotel to another hoping to find free room for them to be able to have a rest and find some shelter (Riesselman para. 1). However, the need in such system was obvious and people started thinking about possible solutions to this problem. It was necessary to inform the owner of a hotel about the existing need. That is why, it is obvious that blistering development of systems of this sort became possible due to the evolution of means of communication and discoveries in the field of digital technologies. Appearance of telegraph promoted development of systems of this sort while telephone made them very efficient. However, there is no use denying the fact that computers and digital technologies brought the most significant changes to hotel reservation systems, adding new functions and making them much more efficient. With this in mind, it is possible to say that modern age is characterized by blistering development of these systems. Background That is why, it seems important and interesting to analyze peculiarities of the functioning of these systems nowadays and understand the way in which they obtained new functions. To do it the most efficiently, different sources connected with hotel business were analyzed. Moreover, great attention was given to the needs of clients and their demands for this kind of service. It becomes obvious that different attempts to align efficient functioning of the system of this sort were made by numerous hotels. That is why, there is a great number of different materials available for analysis. Besides, taking into ac
Introduction Every passing day, reports show that more and more young girls in their teen ages are getting pregnant. Further statistics show that America is experiencing more of this phenomenon that all other developed countries (Voxpox 16). The point to understand is how children in their teens get involved in sexual activities. In addition, some parents understand that the contemporary society has experienced a great change in sexuality and hence want to understand how they can address the issue. Subsequently, this paper will identify the rate of teenage pregnancy and the factors that contribute to higher rates of this phenomenon. Finally, this paper will highlight the strategies have been developed to address the issue. Statistics on the number teen pregnancies Statistical research on teen sex reveals that nearly half the numbers of teens nationally lose their virginity when they are 17 years. The research also shows that females engage in sexual activities much earlier than males with an age margin of three years so that a girl might have her first sexual intercourse at age 15 while a boy may have his at 18 years. Research also shows that each year, nearly 1 million women under 20 years become pregnant nationally while at least 4 in every 10 conceive before turning 20. (Hong, par 4) Effects of poverty on teen pregnancy One of the causes of the high levels in teen pregnancies is attributed to poverty and the social inequalities in both Britain and America. Studies done by Selman reveal that there was a remarkable difference in the socio-economic gap with the introduction of contraceptive drugs in the early 20 th , century where large families were associated with a poor background (Population Council, par 6). Poverty is seen to be a factor that is most closely associated with teen pregnancy in more recent studies which bring to our attention that teens living in financially unstable communities are reported to have higher risks in early pregnancies. Teen mothers are therefore unevenly concentrated in poor communities while few teen parents are found in areas where people are financially stable. (O’Halloran 1) The media’s contribution to teen pregnancy The media is also an area to be blamed when it comes to the increasing cases of teen pregnancies. New reports show that boys and girls who watch steamy television shows are more likely to engage in sexual intercourse and therefore more prone to contribute to the number of teenage pregnancies. The same study shows that kids who watch television for long periods are also less likely to get pregnant. This is because they do not have the time to engage in other social activities apart from watching T.V. This
Introduction Law enforcement is among the occupations that are not only emotionally, but also physically involved. It is a dangerous occupation since it is characterized by murder, disasters, violence and various accidents. There are many issues that face police officers and their families which are inclusive but not limited to long working hours, shifts and exposure to tragedies for a long time. Consequently, police officers suffer psychologically hence the reason why they are more susceptible to stress which later develops into depression. As much as the media and the general population assume police officers are less susceptible to stress and depression due to long exposure to the life stressors, research indicates otherwise. Suicide is among many problems that affect police officers due to long time and consistent exposure to life stressors. Therefore, police suicide happens when a police officer decides to take away his life using any method or weapon (Hackett, 2003). With that background in mind, this paper shall focus on police suicide laying more emphasis on the causes, statistics available, repercussions as well as prevention measures that can be adopted to mitigate the problem. Background Information Studies that have been conducted indicate that there are more police deaths are caused by suicide than the deaths that result from homicide, accidents during work, and other causes. Studies of Violanti (1996) indicate that in New York City, the rate of police suicide was twenty-nine in every one hundred thousand officers, which is much higher compared to twelve in every one hundred thousand in the general population. A study conducted by the Association of Police Chiefs indicates that in one year, about three hundred police officers end up committing suicide. It is also important to mention
Introduction This paper is aimed at examining the work of such companies as Canadian Tire and the Home Report. At first, one should pay close attention to their historical growth and operations. Apart from that, one should explain how these organizations achieved considerable success. On the whole, this information will be necessary for the analysis of these enterprises and identifying their major competitive strengths. Background of two companies Canadian Tire It should be noted that Canadian Tire is a retailer that sells various products such as car accessories, kitchen appliances, athletic apparel, plumbing tools, drills, and so forth. However, at the beginning, this company sold only tires. This organization was founded in 1922; its first store was based in Toronto. During the following decades, the company opened associate stores and filling stations in different parts of Canada (Canadian Tire). So, car owners were their major customers. Furthermore, in 1968, the company began to provide financial services. In particular, they began to offer credit to the potential buyers of their goods. In the early seventies, the company began to open computer-controlled distribution centers which were important for improving the supply chain of this organization (Canadian Tire). Moreover, the management chose to enter other areas of retailing. In particular, they began to sell clothing and sports goods. They achieved this expansion by purchasing such companies as Mark’s and Forzani Group since these businesses became important players in the field of retailing. Overall, these acquisitions contributed to the growth of this organization. Currently, the stocks of this company are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The growth of this company is often attributed to the activities of Alfred Billes who was the CEO of this company for a long time (Canadian Tire). To a great extent, he laid the foundation which was vital for the sustainable development of this company during the last two decades. This is some of the main details that should be taken into consideration in order to analyze its performance. One should keep in mind that Canadian Tire has been working as the national company. In other words, this organization has not tried to enter the market of the United States or any other country. Nevertheless, the company operates online, and customers can purchase their goods from their website. Overall, this company can be viewed as one of the major retailers in Canada. Moreover, the managers have been able t
There are several types of fake news, ranging from apparent articles to more subtle kinds of deception. People frequently rely on critical decisions on what they read in the news, such as how to vote in elections or what therapy to provide when they are sick. This is why it is critical to have trustworthy news. When individuals can’t identify the difference between true and fake news, critical social and political issues get muddled and misunderstood. A lot of false news is created with the intent of inflaming and exacerbating societal disputes. Most significantly, critical thinking is required while posting or researching on a certain issue, writing comments, and engaging in other social media activities. Many fake news articles are constructed in such a way as to elicit strong emotional responses such as fear or wrath. As a result, critical thinking and research are essential. It’s crucial to examine a few choices when spotting disinformation, recognizing fake news sites, and double-checking before sharing or posting a comment. First and foremost, double-check the source of the news or information. Fake news sites frequently employ addresses that sound like legitimate newspaper locations, but they lack authentic stories on various themes. If the website appears to be unsteady, go to the “About” page and seek a detailed description of the company. Second, look into the author. Check them out to see whether they’re reliable – do they have a strong reputation, and do they write about their field of expertise? Furthermore, the motivation of the author may be essential in the dissemination of forgeries. Third, fact-checking is necessary since trustworthy news reports will include numerous facts such as data, figures, and expert statements. If they aren’t there, inquire as to why. Reports containing misleading information sometimes contain wrong dates or time periods, so it’s a good idea to double-check the article’s publication date.
First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. is one of the fastest growing producers of high-priced dog food products. Dog food market has not been fully exploited in the US. The company is keen in establishing better ways of promoting its products in Boston, allocating funds for the initiative and enhancing sales. It is estimated that several dog owners in the USA and particularly Boston do not rely on prepared dog food. Over 50% of owners usually opt for other alternative foodstuffs that are not specifically prepared for dogs. Hence, the dog food market is still untapped. Issues and problems in the market Since its inception, First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. has grown steadfastly to dominate the kennel market. Retailing into the new dog food market presents several challenges. The decision to sell the Show Circuit brand frozen dog food product will be critical. Therefore, thorough understanding of the market is crucial. In regards to the products being sold by the company, factors such as quantity of production and packaging should be considered. These will enable the product to gain competitive advantage over others. Pricing strategy is yet another factor that should be put into consideration when marketing the products. Promotion of the Show Circuit brand frozen dog food is vital in promoting sales. Other factors include the target market, type of advertisement and media to use as well as accessibility of the products. SWOT analysis Strengths First in Show Pet Foods’ strength is evident in the quality of its products. They are of premium quality and recommended for dogs. It is the only pet food freezer in supermarkets. This strength differentiates it from other brands. Weaknesses Cost is a major issue of concern in selling show Circuit dog food owing to the production process that requires the inclusion of cereal grains and fresh meat. Besides, the process of freezing, space requirement and thawing demand enough time and resources. Most consumers are also poorly informed on the benefits of frozen dog food products. Besides, low margin sale for retailers of Show Circuit dog food is a weakness that affects sales since the products attract lower margins. Poor distribution is equally a weakness since the company has limited resources. Opportunities First in Show Pet Foods, Inc has massive opportunities emanating from the untapped frozen dog food market and the increasing population of dogs. Since a few people use prepared dog food, there is a market niche to be explored. Several dog owners prefer natural dog food and are willing to pay premium prices for the products. Moreover, Boston market is untapped and therefore, it is possible to boost the volume of sales. Threats The greatest threat of First in Show Pet Foods, Inc. is competition. The most notable market rivals include Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Del Monte Foods Purina PetCare and MasterFoods USA that own about 75% of the entire market share. This company has not yet grown and established its marketing campaigns even though these competitors aggressively advertise their products. Besides, most buyers mainly purchase fr
Ethnography Research The Question about Ethnography is, did the question to be studied come first, or was it the destination of the field. Ethnography research can be triggered and started through an interesting topic to research or being in a place where you are interested in building a better understanding through fieldwork of ethnographic research. Recently what mattered in anthropology that the place should be dramatically different from your place that was the only thing that mattered about choosing fieldwork. Geertz suggests that the question of where has become a “much more important question, actually, than what we would do” (Wolcott 24). The more mobile anthropology these days gave research ethnographies room to expand ethnographies and fieldwork can be a tad less remote it can be anything from self-ethnographies to cultures. Besides, ethnography research provides with the opportunity of seeing things in a new way. An ethnographic approach is defined as a “holistic description of cultural membership” (Singer 191). It means that investigating the “why” and the “what” of a concept, not only involve researchers in the intensive fieldwork but try to stay open to distinct perspectives on the world. Ethnographers may use a great variety of instruments including interviews, observations, document analysis, and so on. Most of these tools are qualitative and, for this reason, researchers should pay great attention to maintain the scientific rigor of their work. As Singer states, there is a risk that ethnographic research may turn into journalism that is inherently descriptive (192). To avoid this, ethnographers should strive to inquire into meaning more deeply rather than provide a thick description of contexts. Identifying a Topic Space, Food and Culture As I am strolling down the streets of Bangkok I realized that the idea of street food is widely spread. I saw food booths were all over the city something which I thought so negatively off and saw is now looking like it’s the beating heart of the city. I then started wondering what brought me to associate negative thoughts with street food. It appeared to me that it is my interpretation of the street as space. When I think of the street as a space images of cars, gasoline, and traffic along with noise and shattered images of angry drivers or speed drivers. To have the word food associated with all these mental images is what brought me to have such strong negative feelings about street food. When I think of street food I think of smelly, poisonous, shoddy quality food not fit for human use. Yet to watch it spread so widely among the city made me question my judgment. Giampiccoli and Hayward Kalis observe that “customary and contemporary food practices are densely embedded within wider patterns of daily life, environmental relations, and cultural identity” (103). Food, as a cultural attribute and social practice, can contribute to the development of local communities, for instance, by attracting tourism. It may be one of the reasons why Thai street food is so popular even though it may be associated with
Life in New York is changing day by day: people try to improve everything in their lives and get as many profits from their education and business as possible. However, very often, the actions of some people may be rather harmful or just unpleasant for the others, this is why the relations between ordinary people and businessmen should be evaluated properly in order to meet the needs of each of citizens. Nowadays, starting a nightclub business is one of the most frequent activities for many people, who live in New York. Lots of New York night clubs are located nearby living quarters or uptowns, and these clubs may cause certain difficulties or inconveniences for people, who live there. Understanding of the role of night clubs in New York, the relations, which happen between these clubs, their possible competition, the influence of these clubs on every day human life, and the impact on children and young people – this is what turns out to be crucially important nowadays. In my research, these ideas and the impact of fast spreading of nightclub business in New York will be investigated and analyzed. Owners and managers of several night clubs in New York will be interviewed, people who live nearby these clubs will be interviewed as well. With the help of their answers, it is possible to evaluate how exactly the competition between night clubs may happen, to analyze and find out pros and cons of interactions between citizens and clubs’ owners, and to clear up what districts are more appropriate for night clubs in New York. The main idea of this qualitative research is to study such social phenomenon as interrelations, which happen between night clubs’ managers and people, who live nearby. By means of intensive interviews and observations, several opinions will be gathered and evaluated. The analysis of interrelations between night clubs and the grounds for competitions will provide us with a chance to clear up which issues are crucially important for nightclub business, which actions will promote quick growth and huge incomes, and why some night clubs have no problems with people, and some night clubs’ representatives spend much time and money to solve the problems, which connected with the development of their business. This research will help to analyze how the organization of work happens in the night clubs, and which strategies are chosen by their owners to improve this kind of business. Taking into consideration the fact that nightclub business always undergoes some changes, people should have an opportunity to analyze what causes these differences and how to be able to cope with them on a proper level. The differences between ages and genders, problems with opportunities to visit night clubs, varieties within attitudes to night clubs and
Introduction Sofia Kovalevskaya was one of the best mathematicians in the nineteenth century. She is known for the mathematical concepts and theorem that she developed. Her research and contributions were based on the studies that had been done earlier by other mathematicians and scientists. The concepts and theories that she developed are still used today to solve various mathematical equations. This paper will highlight Kovalevskaya’s contributions in mathematics. Cauchy Problem The Cauchy problem is currently referred to as the “Cauchy-Kovalevskaya theorem” (Morrow & Perl, 1998). She described the application of this theory in her dissertation which was titled, “on the theory of partial differential equations” (Morrow & Perl, 1998). She developed this theory to help in solving a system of general differential equations. The differential equations in this case were of the first order and could be used with any variable. Her study of deferential equations was informed by Weierstrass’ concept on total equations. Her contribution in the study of differential equetions is found on the fact that she transformed Weierstrass’ total equations into “partial differential equations” (Morrow & Perl, 1998). Today, Kovalevskaya’s concept is used to solve differential equations which have initial conditions (Cauchy problem). The theory is useful in solving hyperbolic equations. However, there is a lot of difficulty in using the theory to solve elliptic and parabolic equations. Abelian Integrals Kovalevskaya’s study of the concept of Abelian integrals is found in her work titled, “on the reduction of a definite class of Abelian integrals of the third range” (Morrow & Perl, 1998). Building on Weierstrass’ theory of Abelian integrals, she developed a series of skilled manipulations which explained the application of the theory. Thus her main contribution involved using her understanding to illustrate how the concept of Abelian integrals can be used to solve various mathematical equations. Euler’s Equations Kovalevskaya’s contributions to the development of Euler’s equations are explained in a publication titled, “on the property of a system of equations” (Morrow & Perl, 1998). Euler’s equations help in studying the motion of rigid bodies that are rotating towards a given direction. The equations are made up of six differential equations of the first order. This system of differential equations is associated with great symmetry. Even though Euler’s equations had great symmetry, Euler did not succeed in finding their solutions. Drawing from the concept o