ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Mbaiwa (2005) describes enclave tourism as type of tourism that majorly focuses on maximizing the positive aspects of tourism within a given locale, geographical area or enclave while ensuring that limiting influences from the surrounding environment are dealt with or avoided. 1 In most instances, these enclaves come in form of coastal areas that offer touristic attractions such as golfing, horse-riding, tennis, and swimming, among many other amenities. Since enclaves are typically self-contained, tourists who stay in such areas are normally not obliged to get out of their residences to go searching for food or drinks as these are normally provided by their resorts. 2 Over the recent times, there have been an increased number of enclaves being created around the world with several cities and countries striving to ensure that their visitors get to enjoy themselves without having to necessarily move from one place to another or even travel long distances just to get the important amenities that they need. 3 In essence, several factors contribute variably to the progress or advancement of enclave tourism. Needless to state, enclave tourism, just like many other financially-oriented industry, has had its fair share of challenges and limitations including: terrorist attacks in countries, limited or total lack of cooperation amongst its stakeholders and shareholders, negative human activity on ecosystems (for example; over cultivation, poaching or even deforestation), internal and external wars in countries, and the unchecked growth of technologies and related facets like globalization. 4 As a result, a good number of regions, countries or cities have not been able to maximize their potentialities and achieve full efficacy in their enclave tourism endeavors. Socio-economic Impacts of Enclave Tourism Indeed, there are several socio-economic impacts of enclave tourism. Some of the main socio-economic impacts of enclave tourism are detailed below. Firstly, enclave tourism makes it easy for tourists to concentrate on enjoying themselves since the resorts that they stay in are self contained. Having many social amenities in one place also offers a myriad of enjoyment options. As a result, the tourists can engage in as many activities as they want depending on their preferences. 5 Secondly, enclave tourism encourages the maximization of tourism amenities and resources in the enclaves such as rainforest, coastal areas, mountains and rivers, among many others. Thirdly, and very crucially, enclave tourism has been repeatedly said to provide a viable means for making money from the endeavor of tourism. 6 For example, to locals, this form of tourism creates an opportunity for people to sell their products and services to visitors at the enclaves which, in effect, makes them some substantial amount of money. Others can also be employed as tour guides or even guards for some delicate touristic attractions. All these eventually total to some pay, which
A number of writers have discussed into depth some of the major issues and concepts that relates to grief studies. Some of the issues and concepts in grief studies include the effects of grief and bereavement on people, as well as, the physical, spiritual, and developmental repercussions of grief and bereavement (Stoebe, Hansson, Stroebe & Schut, 2001). Currently, several researches are being conducted to look into the biological, psychological, and societal issues that pertain to grief and bereavement (Stroebe, Hansson, Stroebe & Schut, 2001). A number of definitions have been coined to explain the various terms that are normally used to describe a person or people who have lost a loved one. Scholars of grief studies have also laid down the difference that exists between grief, bereavement, and mourning. Therefore, it is important to establish whether a person is undergoing normal or pathological grief. As a result, it will be easier to give appropriate diagnosis to a client based on the kind of grief he or she is undergoing. For instance, determining whether a client is undergoing through a pathological or normal grief will help to establish whether the bereaved person requires psychiatric referral or whether the grief results from the societal and cultural orientation of the bereaved person (Stroebe, Hansson, Stroebe & Schut, 2001). According to Stroebe, Hansson, Stroebe & Schut (2001), the symptoms of grief tend to differ from one individual to another, as well as, from one society to another. Symptoms of grief frequently manifest in a number of ways. For example, grief can be manifested behaviorally, cognitively, physiologically, somatically, as well as, affectively. However, the manner in which grief manifests majorly depends on the culture of a person. Stages of Grieving The grief process can be categorized into three major stages, which include the following: the initial stage, intermediate stage and the final stage (Lamb, 1988). According to Lamb (1988), the initial stage of the grief process involves processing the grief and developing ways of coping with the grief. However, there are individuals who tend to remain in denial and isolation because they cannot come to terms with the loss of a loved one. It is also at this stage that a number of individuals go numb due to the loss of a loved one. As a result, it becomes a challenge for someone to develop ways of coping with the grief. In the intermediate stage the grieved person; usually express deeper and intense emotions because of the loss of a loved one. Several people are often overwhelmed with anger in the intermediate stage. Unfortunately, the anger has no limits and often extends to people ar
A review of report by Sara et al. (2012). Influenza Outbreaks at Two Correctional Facilities — Maine. Weekly , 61(13), 229-232. This report investigated the emergence of influenza in a correctional surrounding in Maine which gave rise to severe cases of illness that led to one death, one admission at intensive care unit, and several other cases of influenza-like illness in staff members and inmates. Several reports were raised about the shortcomings of Correctional Medical Services in providing quality healthcare services to inmates and staff members. This report suggested certain measures to be implemented by correctional facilities in influenza control. The Maine Center for Disease Control (2011) gave reports of a death case and an acute illness; both cases were connected with influenza. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) in addition, reported some cases of illnesses like influenza in inmates and staff members in two correctional facilities (facility A and facility B). CDC however, lacked basic resources and staff to effectively check the prevalence of these illnesses. The reported prevalence of multiple illnesses prompted the collaboration of the Maine Department of Corrections (DOC), Correctional Medical Services (CMS), and the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Maine CDC). The Maine DOC, CMS, and Maine CDC in collaboration carried out screenings in both inmates and staff members of both correctional facilities. Results from these screenings enhanced proper treatment and preventive measures against influenza. Data were obtained from two correctional facilities (A and B) situated on distinct sites and operated by a single organizational structure. The collected data was obtained from an epidemiologic study on correctional facilities concerning the influenza eruption observed in the correctional facilities. The Correctional Medical Services and the Maine Department of Corrections assisted by the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention conducted epidemiologic research to collect the data. The data was however reported by
The role of women in the political and social life of the early United States is often underestimated; still, it was prominent. Women had no political rights in those times and were even treated as inferior compared with men. They had traditional roles and responsibilities as housekeepers, and they managed to influence the essential political and social decisions while remaining perfectly fit for those roles. The influence of women on politics was indirect; despite being formally excluded from political decisions, they participated in them informally. They could not be elected as officials, but they could influence the officials; they did it often. Abigail Adams, a wife of John Adams, one of the American Founding Fathers, wrote directly in the letter to her husband about recognizing women’s rights (Norton and Alexander 113). A wife of another political candidate in the 18 th century provided meat and liquor for those who voted for her husband: it was, literally, bribery of voters (Norton and Alexander 111–12). In the 19 th century, the Industrial Revolution opened women possibilities to work, and they used them to become more independent, despite still being connected with their home responsibilities. Thus, the indirect impact of women on political life was quite strong, even though they had no political rights; this impact became stronger and stronger as Industrial Revolution persisted. Associations and societies of women became an essential part of American social life in the 19 th century. A prominent example is the American Female Moral Reform Society, which was formed to keep the existing ethics and fight its violation (Norton and Alexander 137–38). The question of morality was usually considered as connected with women: society treated them as keepers of morality. An example of such a treatment is a document about the “seduction of a 14-year-old girl by a gentleman”, where a diarist relates this immoral act to the low moral qualities of the gentlemen’s wife (Norton and Alexander 135). Women were perfectly fit for this role, and they used it for influence. Despite not occupying leadership positions, they indirectly influenced society via their associations while formally staying as mere housekeepers. Work Cited Norton, Mary Beth, and Ruth Alexander. Major Problems in American Women’s History . 2nd ed., D C Heath & Co, 1996.
Introduction Canada possesses one of the best aeronautics industries in the world, which ahs been very active in the national arena, thereby reflecting its rise in the international scene. Among the western, nations Canada is ranked second based on its private aircraft fleet and its commercial size. It is estimated that Canada’s aeronautics industry has constructed non-military aircraft that surpasses the 25,000 mark and that these aircrafts are distributed in over 731 airline companies. Moreover, the aeronautics industry of Canada is mainly geared to exporting as it is attributed to meeting approximately 2.3 % of aerospace material demanded by the world. Generally, this industry is grouped into three. The first category involves aircrafts possessed by firms; the second category involves the manufacturing of aircraft subsystems and aerospace and engines, and the third category involves structuring of manufactured parts and at the same time, it processes metals and parts. In addition to this, the third category offers maintenance and repair services. This therefore indicates that the aeronautics industry does not only focus on aeronautics operations, but also undertakes subcontracting to companies that lie in the category one and two. In regard to this, aeronautic in Canada is regarded as the most complex of all industries (Gerald, et al, 1986, p. 87 & 88). History of the Industry The early indications of an aeronautical research were first visible in 1929-1930 fiscal year report. The arrangement for the research was undertaken after recommendations were issued by Associate Committee on Aeronautical Research. This committee was comprised of individuals of the council staff, aircraft and air transport industries and the Department of National Defense. The universities Professors of physics were also involved as well as the chemistry and physics department. The increase in growth and development of the aviation industry in Canada is attributed to the aeronautic research but in lower scale. The council later agreed with the help of the government to set up laboratories at the Edwards property for the sole reason of undertaking aeronautical research (Middleton and Edgar, 1979, p. 22). Main companies in the industry Bombardier Bombardier is an international company whose presence is established in over 60 countries and in five continents. The company’s role is to manufacture state-of-the-art modern planes to be used in transportation of goods and people. The headquarters of Bombardier is located in Montreal Canada, while its shares are traded in Toronto stock exchange. In 2010 fiscal year, the Bombardier Company registered 19.4 billon dollars as revenue (Bombardier website, 2011). Embraer Embraer was established in 19 August 1969, as a company that was under the grip of the government, with the Brazilian government playing a major role in its design. The company started manufacturing and production of Bandeirante; however, “Embraer was commissioned by the Brazilian Government to manufacture the EMB 326 Xavante, an advanced trainer and ground attack jet, under license of Italian company Aermacchi” (Embraer
Part of the requirements of living beings is the capability of transporting nutrients, wastes and gases to and from cells. Multicellular organisms have developed the system required for the transport of these products. One of these systems is the circulatory system. This system promotes the transportation of oxygen and food to the cells while removing carbon dioxide and other forms of metabolic waste from those cells (Martini, 84). The circulatory system is involved in the breakdown of organic molecules during cellular respiration. This breakdown allows the organism to produce the ATP necessary to provide energy toward the body’s requirements. In order to facilitate these transfers organisms must have a system that allows the oxygen to enter the cell and permit carbon dioxide from leaving it (Martini, 816). This has been accomplished through the various forms of the circulatory and cardiovascular systems that are found in the different types of organisms found on our planet (Martini, 816). In vertebrates the circulatory system includes the cardiovascular system. This system is includes the heart. The heart is the main organ in a closed circulatory system that maintains the blood flow through various vessels of different sizes and wall thickness. The circulatory system also includes lymphatic circulation which is responsible for collecting fluid and returning it to the cardiovascular system. There are two main ways of circulating fluid and gases throughout the body. One of these is the pulmonary path which takes gases to and from the lungs. The second is the systemic circuit in which blood is transferred throughout the body. The pulmonary veins are responsible for carrying blood from the lungs to the heart. The aorta is the main artery of the systematic circulatory sy
Introduction The financial operations of nonprofit organizations differ from those of commercial enterprises. Nevertheless, the leaders of both profit and nonprofit organizations have to understand how these entities operate in order to maintain their financial sustainability. The following assessment will analyze the international organization called Médecins Sans Frontières or Doctors Without Borders (MSF). Founded in 1971, MSF continues to be one of the leading organizations working in the healthcare field and helping people in various parts of the world to recover from wars and human-made or natural disasters (“Founding,” n.d.). MSF provides its annual reports, financial statements, and 990 forms on its website. The most recent documents, such as the 2016 annual report and tax exemption forms from 2014, 2015, and 2016 are used as the basis for the following analysis. Organization and Mission Description The mission of MSF has stayed consistent over the years of its existence. The organization was initially created as an outcry of healthcare professionals who wanted to provide assistance to war and disaster victims located in areas where access to healthcare was limited or absent (“Founding,” n.d.). In the following years, MSF continued to follow the ideology that people’s health and well-being were more important than their race, gender, and political or religious beliefs. Currently, MSF considers itself an organization that strives to provide humanitarian help, especially healthcare, to those people who need it the most, including communities and nations suffering from military conflicts, natural disasters, and human-made issues such as famine or pollution. The core of the mission is to ensure that all people have access to healthcare regardless of their environment or personal affiliations. MSF is an organization with offices in many countries, the main international center of which is situated in Switzerland. However, a rather significant portion of all operations is centered in the US, which is addressed in the organization’s annual report (MSF, 2016). All forms and documents investigated further are taken from the US branch of the organization because they are made easily accessible to the public by the organization. It should be noted that this nonprofit is focuse
Introduction The book “Global Executive Leadership Inventory” by Kets de Vries proposes a unique vision and interpretation of leadership and its role in modern organizations. The author underlines that in modern organizational environment, leader faces miscellaneous challenges caused by internal and external factors and economic transformations. The purpose of modern leadership is to supply organization with an agenda in which judgments can be made which will have an impact on the organization. A conscious effort to organize the effort and to manage its development is preferable to an unmanaged and random evolution. The book is divided into chapters devoted to different leadership and management problems applied to modern organizations. Discussion The first set of the chapters covers such topics as “360 degree feedback”, leadership competency, dimensions of leadership and trust, and feedback report. Kets de Vries states that in order to improve leadership skills, a manager should take into account situational changes and consequences of his actions. Other leadership aims include ensuring that the staff is staying on the topics at hand and not wasting time. A risk is that it may become a social forum. This is because employees usually try to get along in groups. They can drift off track, and it is the leadership’s task is to keep them focused on the task. The leadership task requires the leader to act as a “quarterback” transferring tasks and ensuring that an employee has the right information. The conventional view of the leader as someone out in front of the charismatic personality with the strong personality, directing the staff and receiving credit for the results, is not what is inferred by the term manager. Kets de Vries singles out two main characteristics of modern leadership: charismatic and “architectural” (p. 7). “The charismatic role involves visioning, empowering, and energizing— behaviors that direct, inspire, and motivate. The architectural role involves implementing processes to improve organizational design and to acknowledge and reward the contributions of employees” (p. 7). The manager should not be out in front, nor should the leader get all the credit for constructive results. In a modern environment, the staff gets credit–all employees contribute and all employees share in the success. The leader is mainly the signal caller, who solves problems, inspires motivation, and contributes to goal attainment. For change management, Kets de Vries follows a three stage model: unfreezing, transition and escalating stability. “Information … serves as a basis for change” (p. 51). Change function is different than the management task. The control task concerns influencing and the leadership function, team process. The change role is to more with who is in charge or leading the team at a particular point and time. Objectivity is also significant. The thoughts and feelings of employees cannot be accurately predicted–even in closely mixed groups. In other words, leaders are not good at judging what ot
Abstract This paper focuses on identifying the workplace benefits that are valued by the employees most of all and that are actually useful to retain them effectively. The paramount purpose of this research is to reveal the mentioned benefits through the thorough literature review published within the last three years as well as the discussion. The study starts with the introduction and the background of the employee retention problem, thus clarifying that the role of non-monetary (or indirect) benefits increases rapidly. The majority of the reviewed sources show that modern employees value change, comfortable workplace, professional growth, the opportunity to learn continuously, and other motivational benefits. On the contrary, one of the studies indicates that the employees prefer stability and steadiness at their work. Nevertheless, the situation in the United States is that the absolute majority of employees expect indirect benefits that significantly enhance retention rates. The paper then discusses the collected data and provides some essential issues regarding the employees’ attitudes and aspirations. The section of recommendations focuses on a hypothetical company and clarifies how leadership and management should act to retain employees based on the identified benefits. It is emphasized that not only the accessibility of indirect benefits but also their representation and provision matter. In particular, some communication tips are provided to help an employer to attract and retain employees successfully. The conclusion summarizes the key points of the research revealed throughout the paper and presents the concluding statement regarding the given topic. The key finding of this paper is that the employees need to feel valued and comfortable at the workplace along with respect and motivation as retaining strategies. Introduction The indirect benefits that are also called intangible motivation as a tool to increase employee loyalty in recent years are gradually