ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Recommendations Having considered numerous problems, connected with the human resource management in the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, a number of recommendations may be given to cope with them. Even though all the separate disadvantages of human resource management do not create any troubles for the company functioning, if to unite those, it becomes problematic for the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company to function properly. Here are some specific recommendations the human resource manager should take into account while organizing such procedures as recruitment, induction and retention. One of the main mistakes the human resource managers make in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels is the attraction of too many candidates at the time of recruitment. Thus, there are too many people in the company who should perform the same functions. This leads to the problem that some employees who have been working in the company for many years remain unoccupied. The main purpose of recruitment is “not just to attract any candidates – it is to recruit the right candidates (and hopefully put off the wrong sort of candidates)” (Yeung 2008, p. 66). Moreover, the attraction of too many candidates at one and the same time is also a bad idea as it is rather time consuming and costly to sort out applications. It is also unreasonable to advise the organisation to attract too few candidates as this leads to choice limitation (McKenna & Beech 2008). Thus, due to the fact that the company got used to work with the professionals, it pays much attention to human resources (Sucher & McManus 2001). So, it may be recommended to attract as many candidates as possible but to recruit them by means of small groups. This will help the organization to consider as many people as possible and to choose the candidate which perfectly fits the company requirements without rush (Billsberry 2007). It is important to recommend the company to reduce the turnover of employees as this process negatively influences the services in the Ritz-Carlton Hotels and is rather costly (Jackson, Schuler & Werner 2008). At the same time, it is important to understand that turnover is an inevitable and crucial process in the company. Functional turnover is vital for the Ritz-Carlton Hotels as it gives an opportunity for poor performers to leave their workplace. Such turnover is really useful for the company as the Hotel requires only the best performers (Sturman, Trevor & Boudreau 2003). Each new employer should be trained. Such procedures cost too much. At the same time, the company fails to train new employees properly that may be the main reason for the high turnover. New workers are unable to learn how to perform their tasks that leads to misunderstanding in the staff and people do not want to work anymore due to the inability to provide their tasks in a proper way. Employee turnover influences productivity greatly, s
Introduction Stone tools were used during the Paleolithic era by Homo habilis and Homo erectus. Stone was the main raw material, which was touched and refined to produce the desired product. Remains of stone tools provide archaeologists with clues on how human beings made objects using these tools. Some of the earliest discoveries include the discovery of a hand axe in elephant remains which have been associated with the Pleistocene period in Europe. Lithic tool evolution is dated around 2.6 ma in Ethiopia’s Afar triangle. It was accompanied by emergence of the tradition of Oldowan and the Acheulian tools. The lithic tool evolution was accompanied with industries like the Oldowan industry and the famous Acheulian industry in the West Turkana region of Kenya during the Paleolithic era. Acheulian industry came after the Oldowan industry around 1.7 ma. The Mousterian industry followed afterwards and is commonly identified alongside the homo neanderthalensis. Many more stone industries followed suit until when iron and copper industries came into sight. Stone tool research is also referred to as lithic technology among archaeologists worldwide. Research in this field started in the Scandinavia in the 1830s. These studies help in archaeological analysis so that archaeologists can be able to deduce certain facts in relation to the artifacts made by the lithic tools. They are pretty important in documenting various facets of prehistoric activities of the Homo sapiens and in exposing their behavioral characteristics. This work tries to explain the forms of stone tools, how they were made and for what purpose. Stone Tools The characteristic features of stone were the main determinants of the kind of tool to be made from the raw material. Such characteristic diagnostic features include fracture, cleavage, hardness and density among others. Stones which had even fractures were mostly used as raw materials in making flaked tools. This is because percussion or pressure flaking, a method of manufacturing stone tools, made them to have a smooth co
Sociology is often confused with other social sciences. For instance, some may think that economics or political sciences can be called different aspects of sociology. However, these people are quite mistaken. Sociology is a field that focuses on human society. It is not concerned with a particular aspect of the development of society. Sociologists are preoccupied with all aspects of people’s lives. More so, some people often think that sociology is common sense, and people involved in the field are not real researchers. However, sociologists unveiled numerous trends that have taken place in society. These discoveries help people understand the reasons for many phenomena and adjust to the changing environment. Thus, it has been acknowledged that there have been numerous applications of sociological studies that helped societies evolve. One of such examples is the impact sociological studies had on the decision of the Supreme Court concerning racial segregation in the US schools in 1954 (Berger 3). These applications are numerous and valuable. It is possible to understand the relevance of sociology by considering the major peculiarities of this study. In the first place, it is important to consider the essence of sociology. This study unveils various trends that occur in human society (Berger 8). It is important to stress that it is a mistake to relate sociology to various surveys held mainly in the spheres of business and marketing. These surveys only use methods and techniques of sociology but they are quite far from being even an aspect of the study. The statistical data gathered in those cases are quite narrow and they are analyzed to develop strategies to promote particular products (or people). In sociology, data are gathered and analyzed to trace certain trends and explain them. Importantly, social “reality turns out to have many layers of meaning” and only “discovery of each new layer changes the perception of the whole” (Berger 11). Sociology manages to discover and analyze all the layers. Hence, it is clear that sociologists have to gather detailed information and take into account all aspects of human life. It is clear that collecting data is only the first stage of the sociological analysis. The second stage is even more important as the analysis of data presupposes commitment, comprehensiveness, and attention. Researchers have introduced the concept of the “sociological imagination” that “enables its possessor to understand the larger historical scene” and explain people’s decisions and actions (Mills 5). To understand the essence of sociology, it is crucial to see the link between this study and the historical context. Thus, sociologists have to analyze trends within historical contexts. People’s behavior and products of their activities largely depend on the composition of the society, major trends existing in it, events that proceeded this or that period and so on. Interestingly, sociology is
Introduction The current generation is arguably the most informed because of the Internet. The internet has made information accessible to most people on a previously unprecedented scale. This prevalence of internet use is confirmed by Lankes (2007) who reported that majority of the adults in developed countries regularly used the internet in 2007. This figure can only be expected to have increased as internet connectivity has risen significantly in the past 5 years. Many people today make use of the internet to obtain information on a wide range of issues. Bates et al. (2006) observes that because of the perceived openness and democratic nature of the internet, most people view it as a trustworthy source of information. This is in spite of the fact that creating and maintaining a website requires only rudimentary skills and people post information that is unverified or at times out rightly false. An experiment by the Swedish production company Day4 illustrated how easily people believe what they read online. This paper will analyze the claim that people believe anything they find online with specific reference to the online Apple hoax initiated by the Stockholm production company Day4. Indicators that People Believe the Internet The great reliance on the media as the leading source of information for many people demonstrates a perception of its credibility. Stavrositu and Sundar (2008) acknowledge that the reliance on any medium by the population is normally an indicator of a perceived trust in it by the audience. As more people look for and obtain relevant information from the internet, their perception of its credibility increases. This causes some people to believe that all the information provided therein is true just because some of it has proved to be true in the past. The relationship between the internet and traditional media also increases the level of trust people have in this medium. In the provision of news, the internet normally functions as a supplement to traditional media use rather than a substitute for it. This increases the perceived credibility of the internet since people view it as an extension of the traditional media that they have grown to trust and rely on (Greer 2003). The Age (2012) demonstrates this by noting how the dubious rumours about Apple were accepted by the internet community once they were reported by journalists with connections to mainstream media. Another indicator that p
Introduction Voting is a fundamental aspect in any civic engagement. Most political scientists have likened voting to the health of a democracy arguing that the declining voting trends could be symbolic of a democratic deficit, a phenomenon that has characterized most regions in the developing world (Pammett & LeDuc, 2003). In his uncharacteristic study of democracy and governance, Hans-Hermann Hoppe argues that political leaders are chosen for their demonstrated efficacy as morally immodest firebrands. Therefore, according to Hope, the concept of democracy virtually gives assurance to that only bad and dangerous men will ever win an election. Those who seek to rise to the top of government are those men and women who appear to have the willingness to break the moral obligations that the majority of the people are determined to follow. As such, the greater the power wielded by a political office sought, the more likely that individuals positioning themselves for such offices have little or no regard for right and wrong. Within our midst, we can soften find elected leaders that we have great admiration for, but at the federal level, officials of such caliber might be scarce and unpredictable. Taking time to understand the nature of elections is perhaps, the foremost step to win an election (Pammett & LeDuc, 2003). The art of winning an office is a high calling that requires adequate time, careful planning, ample funding, and personal energy. Very few people can always jump into the bandwagon of an election spree to win a public office, perhaps with the exception of those who are already wealthy, famous or popular (Pammett & LeDuc, 2003). However, elections are not necessarily won based on popularity and monetary worth alone, history has always confirmed that campaigns can also be won especially based on hard work and audacity of purpose. Majority of elected leaders who are currently in high offices today are at one time little known candidates for some local office, and in the course of their service, worked their way up the ladder. Political Marketing Strategies Political marketers use extensive research to gain sufficient acquaintance with the electorate to help shape the political positioning of the party with the elector preferences, by making informed decisions in an attempt to achieve electoral objectives. By now, most parties have gained significant insight from opinion research that they are now using in adjusting to the political dynamics and these are in the forms of selection of messages, billboards, mass media, and images. Most parties have so far stepped up their marketing intelligence to help in restructuring the image of their respective candidates as well as in designing party policies and the development of election platform (Pammett & LeDuc, 2003). Canada has long been at the center stage of commercial marketing innovations most of which have been adapted for use in Canadian elections. As has been the case elsewhere, objections have arisen due to the erosion of some of the most celebrated traditional practices that mass media has created. In Canada anxiety about the political marketing trends, seem to have
Article Details   * Title of the Article: Fostering expatriate affective commitment: a total reward perspective.   * Author: Christelle Tornikoski (the University of Vaasa, Finland, and EMLYON Business School, Lyon, France).   * Title of Journal: Cross-Cultural Management: An International Journal.   * Volume Number: 18 No. 2,2011.   * Page Numbers: 214 – 235. Introduction The expatriation is a fairly complicated process and often requires sufficient effort from an HR employee. Besides, it usually puts the expatriate in a stressful and otherwise disadvantageous situation. For this reason, the process requires sufficient compensation to maintain a healthy workplace environment and preserve the employee’s commitment and loyalty. As a result, the expatriate compensation is considered one of the most costly incentives faced by the companies, and certain approaches were considered to assess and control the compensation process so that the employers are able to predict the reaction of employees. However, several studies point to inconsistencies in the assessment methods and prediction techniques. The research by Christelle Tornikoski tries to determine the related factors of the compensation package and thus provide the insight for organizations regarding the ways of a cost-efficient and clearly effective way of fostering employee satisfaction. The paper compares two new approaches to the compensation process – the total reward approach and the concept of the state of the psychological contract (SPC) to determine whether the factors such as tangible universal rewards (TURs) and intangible particularistic rewards (IPRs) play any role in fostering the affective commitment. Literature Review The body of research studying employee compensation and its effect on personal commitment and loyalty is challenging. Up to the late 1990s the common way to view it was what is now named the traditional approach. It was rooted in the agency theory, suggested by Adam Smith. Its central basis is the conflict of interests. According to the concept, the employer seeks to secure the employee’s (agent’s) performance in accordance with his interests and goals. To ensure this, he needs to either invest in informing the agent of the benefits of his productivity or provide him with financial rewards. The reward needs to be systematic and consistent with the achievement of goals and objectives determined by the employer. Once new objectives arise, they are included in the list for an employee to pursue. The reward may be outcome-based, also known as a variable, or behavior-based, or fixed. Besides, expatriate compensation will most likely include benefits and allowances. The traditional approach suggests two possible policies. The home-country policy provides the expatriates with the salary and allowances identical to those they would have at home. The allowances, such as education, housing, cost-of-living, transport, and others, are used to eliminate any additional costs the expatriate will face as a result
The safety of workers in the workplace is becoming an important aspect of business. In recent years, the number of employees suing their former employers has been increasing. Many workers sue their former employers for workplace injuries accruing over time. Unlike accidents, the impact of long-term exposure to bad working conditions is difficult to prove. This is because an employer can argue that the employee had an underlying condition, or that the employee condition occurs to many regardless of working conditions. The best way for lawyers on both sides to determine the truth in regards to long-term injuries is by carrying out an ergonomic analysis of the working environment of an employee. This paper presents the findings and recommendations of an ergonomics analysis carried out at Cafes in Canada. The goal of the analysis was to determine whether the working conditions in the fast food restaurants are safe for workers. The specific systems investigated in the exercise were the service lines. Background Tim Horton’s Café began operations in 1964, taking the name of one of the founders, who was a Canadian Hockey player. The company opened several branches in Canada, and later started licensing franchises across Canada and the United States. The franchise agreements did not include any standards regarding work practices the cafés. The result is that each store has variable staff safety standards. The danger with this is that Tim Horton cafés with poor ergonomic practices can destroy the reputation of he Horton Brand, leading to loss of business across North America. In addition, the company will find itself with many cases in court relating to workplace injuries suffered from long-term exposure to poor working conditions. Structure of the Report This paper has four main sections. The first section looks at the ergonomic problems of workplace design and work practices. It identifies the problems with the workplace design of Tim Horton’s Cafés. The second section deals with an assessment of these problems. The assessment will analyze various facet of the working environment at the Café. The third section presents the result of the analysis and the final sections identifies redesign consideration that the café needs to make. Problem Identification The main area of interest in this project was the safety of the staff working inside any of the Tim Horton’s Café Franchises in Canada. The staff is very vulnerable to low intensity strain that may accrue into long-term injuries. They do repetitive jobs that involve carrying various loads and using certain postures repeatedly. As pointed out earlier, the concerns identified relate to the long-term impact of repeated exposure to some of the tasks associated with their jobs Any Tim Horton’s Café Franchise has a manager, waiters, cashiers, and chefs. The actual number of employees in each café depends on the proprietor. The specific members of staff this analysis focused on were the waiters. Their mai
Introduction For the purpose of this essay, I have selected an article written by Francis Fukuyama, in 1989, called “The End of History” which gave rise to a lot of controversy over the decades (Marks, 2004). In this article, Fukuyama argued that the end of the cold war is no ordinary event, in fact, it is the end of history as we know it, and that mankind’s socio-cultural evolution is complete. He suggested that the supremacy of western ideals has been established; now the entire world would follow the same ideals of democracy and free-market system (Fukuyama, 1989). Main Text In saying this Fukuyama was in fact suggesting that liberal democracy is the most enlightened and economically successful form of government. His main argument is that the end of the Cold War confirms a worldwide consensus in favor of liberalism, including not just capitalism but liberal democracy as well. He views the fall of the Berlin wall, as the fall of all other ideologies specifically the dominant communist ideology. Thus for him, liberal democracy has emerged as the sole legitimate system of government, marking the triumph of the west; arguing the end of history. However, an analysis of the recent history indicates otherwise, and there are several events that negate Fukuyama’s thesis. This essay argues that the end of the cold war and the consequent triumph of liberal western democracy and the free-market system have been argued to represent the endpoint of socio-cultural evolution. However, the accomplishments of china’s communist regime, the questionable state of the capitalist economic system, and the noteworthy events of the 21st century suggest otherwise (Held, 1993). The Utopian belief that the capitalist system is the only way to organize social life in the eternal pursuit of freedom, equality, and happiness has been put to test, Fukuyama’s thesis seems shaky than ever before and newspaper headlines prove that history is still in the making. Poor economic situation of Greece, the increasingly worsening European crisis, the worldwide economic meltdown of 2008 emerging from a capitalist country and a free market economy, the return of the systemic critique of capitalism, The “Occupy Wall Street” movement, and its spread throughout the US. All of this points towards only one conclusion; history had never ended. What is being challenged today is not just the liberal capitalist system, but rather the utopian belief that this is the only way of organizing a human society in the perpetual quest for freedom, equality, and happiness (Calvo & Mandoza, 2000). Today, Fukuyama’s article makes one think if it is really the best we can do? With the financial institutions failing, states going bankrupt, and the world going into a double-dip recession, the ideals proposed by Fukuyama seem less promising than ever. While analyzing Fukuyama’s argument what also needs to be realized is that the world, in gene