ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Alexander McQueen is regarded as the most significant British fashion figure. Beginning his career at the tender age of 17, McQueen was able to accomplish great success at an early age and by the time he was 27 years old, he had gained worldwide repute for his fascinating designs. For two decades, he was able to intrigue the fashion world with his novel designs and gain many awards for his efforts. Early Life McQueen was born on March 17, 1969 in London’s East End to Ronald and Joyce McQueen. From an early age, McQueen demonstrated his exceptional tailoring skills, designing dresses for his siblings while still a child. 1 McQueen was openly gay since childhood and this caused him to be bullied and teased at school. He quit school after his O levels and proceeded to seek an apprenticeship in fashion. Career McQueen’s career in the fashion world started when he started training in London’s legendary Savile Row, which is the de facto home of bespoke tailoring, at the age of 17. While here, he gained the skills of bespoke tailoring and his mastery with needle and thread allowed him to execute avant garde designs with an exceptional craftsmanship. 2 The apprenticeship at Savile Row was crucial for McQueen since the experienced he gained here helped him gain a reputation on the international fashion scene. McQueen graduated from the Central Saint Martin’s College of Art and Design with an MA in Fashion design in 1992. His graduation collection based on Jack the Ripper and Victorian prostitutes dealt with the themes of sex and death and it proved to be a successful show that catapulted McQueen to the public scene. Knox notes that McQueen’s humble upbringing in London’s East End made him something of an outsider in the fashion world. 3 As such, a sig
The movie American History (1998) throws light on the racial discrimination prevalent in American society. The feelings of hatred, unrest, and intolerance between the two races are best revealed in the movie, and the spectator is really shocked by the brutal murders and violence done in the name of racism in the movie. The plot of the movie unfolds through the eyes of Danny Vineyard (Edward Furlong), and as the movie progresses, one understands the real reason for the murder committed by the hero Edward Norton who plays the role of Derek Vinyard in the movie. One understands how Derek gets transformed from the prison, and his efforts to save his brother from his own fate keep the spectator in thrill and suspense all throughout the movie. Most of the violence and deaths were seen in the movie leave lasting impressions in the minds of the audience regarding the meaninglessness and futility of using violence as means to achieve one’s goals. The flashback scenes in the film make the spectators aware of the past incidents that took place in the life of Derek and Danny Vinyard. In the opening scene of the movie, one finds Danny being called to the Principal’s room for writing a paper in praise of Hitler and his neo-Nazi movement. He is asked to write a paper on his brother, who was imprisoned for killing two black guys, instead. On coming out from the principal’s room, he finds three black boys beating up a white boy, and this prompts him to think about the good old days of the white gang before his brother was arrested. Thus, the life of Derek Vinyard before he was imprisoned is unearthed through flashback scenes which are very effectively employed by the director. The movie pictures how racist ill feelings are transmitted to the younger generation by adult members. As a youngster, Derek is very much influenced by his father’s critical views on black culture and how one has to s
Introduction From the perspective of business accounting, risk management involves the assessment, evaluation, and mitigation of risk within the practices of an organization. Typically, risk management is seen as a strategic management concept, but within the context of modern businesses, accounting contributes strongly and is heavily invested in risk aversion. Enterprise risk management should be at the core of a professional accounting mindset, and to add value, accountants must be outward-looking risk experts that offer insight for their organizations when meeting their objectives or responding to uncertainty. Finance and accounting provide key quality information to management in a timely manner that can be used by managers at all levels for informed decision-making (Camilleri & Camilleri, 2017). Accounting is a tool for success, working with operating management to make conducive decisions, take on evaluated risks, and achieve enterprise strategic goals. Definition Risk management is a comprehensive process of identifying, analyzing, and mitigating/accepting the risk of uncertainty. Risk is quantifiable in both absolute and relative terms and becomes ultimately inseparable from return on investment. Despite risk being viewed in negative terms, it is necessary to achieve performance objectives. In its basic form in accounting, the risk is a deviation from the expected outcome (Camilleri & Camilleri, 2017). The deviation is either positive or negative, but it is generally accepted by financial professionals that increased returns come at greater risk and, in turn, come from increased volatility. Accountants consistently search for means to reduce volatility and risk through the use of various metrics such as standard deviation, distributions, and dispersions. Risk assessment is one of the key components of internal control in organizations, identifying areas of risk loss via accounting records and implementing adequate controls (Needles et al., 2014). Evaluating risk statistically and numerically allows for highly informed decision-making in regard to existing or potential risks. Risk has traditionally been defined in terms of the chance of danger, loss, injury, or other negative consequences. In accounting, the risk is viewed from the perspective of decision trees, probability distributions, cost-volume-profit analysis, pricing models, cash flow models, and many other frameworks. Risk management allows one to methodically address risk, immediately attaching it to organizational activities and pursuing organizational objectives. Effective risk management consists of assessment, evaluation, treatment, and reporting. Meanwhile, the more in-depth enterprise risk management approach is aimed at aligning
The article by Esteva and Hortobagyi (2008) discusses breast cancer from the aspect of increased survival rates, the novel treatments that have necessitated this and the promise in even more enhanced management of breast cancer. The authors identify that North America, as well as Canada, have particularly enjoyed higher breast cancer survival rates due to advanced research in cancer therapy among other reasons. It has been possible to tailor cancer therapy for patients in addition to the ability to mix treatments to effectively handle cancer at any stage. Esteva and Hortobagyi (2008) have highlighted that tumor growth highly proliferates if there is the production of the HER2 protein. This protein has now become a target molecule for newly developed cancer drugs such as trastuzumab. The molecular targeting is being advanced to attack other cells that are known to lead to breast cancer initiation and progression. While these authors acknowledge the great impact of novel cancer therapies, they also emphasize the use of earlier therapies as well as the provision of supportive care, better and widespread screening, and awareness campaigns as important factors that are combined to realize better results. The knowledge that the presence of BRCA gene mutations increases the likelihood of breast cancer development has necessitated the development of MRI screening. Screening is done annually especially among families with a history of breast cancer. Curren
As one of the most valuable human inventions, artificial intelligence is a phenomenal issue in terms of the applied science that is progressively evolving in the current technology-based society. For a better comprehension of the artificial mind, it is essential to examine the notion of the ‘mind’ itself. Considering the philosophical and psychological approach, the concept of mind is classified as “mental states, functions or processes (such as thinking, remembering or believing)” (Erden, 2015, p.111). Besides, the intertwining of the mind and brain are bases upon two critical approaches of dualism and materialism. The dualist concept implies the fundamental division between the mind and brain, where mental and physical are the contrary notions. Materialism is the alternative perspective that believes only in material things. According to Erden (2015), there are three materialist theories, such as identity theory, eliminative materialism, and functionalism, that might facilitate the idea and possibility of the artificial mind. The particular importance is given to the implications of functionalism as the possible outcomes of artificial minds. As biologically, the human brain can maintain specific mental processes at the current moment. There is a chance for them to be supported by any other material processes until they have proven to be the same in the functional sense. The development of the artificial mind was a time-consuming goal of scientists, engineers, philosophers, and psychologists. Artificial intelligence is the theory that implies the developmental process of computer systems responsible for performing tasks that generally involve human intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) consists of two central concepts, strong AI and weak AI (Erden, 2015). Strong AI is the idea that artificial intelligence is eventually able to create intelligence equal to or surpassing the human mind. Some arguments suggest a possibility to fully reproduce human intelligence and the human mind with the help of technology. The most common prototypes of strong AI are presented in science fiction stories or films, including robots and machines that are endowed with special skills to think and act with an objective, logic, and intelligence. Besides, those technological inventions perform their tasks regardless of regular or consistent programming by a human. The weak AI implies the idea that artificial intelligence is only able to simulate a mind. The followers of this idea, however, do not admit the resemblance of this technological intelligence to the human mind, as the followers of strong AI believe. They also might be less inclined to accept the possibility of
Introduction Libertarianism holds the view that an individual has the right to live his life as he chooses as long as he does not interfere with the rights of others. Amongst these rights are the right to liberty, life and own property. In regards to libertarianism, human relations are treated as voluntary. Moderate libertarianism is the act of supporting minimum regulations by the state when dealing with issues of human rights. Total libertarianism promotes democracy where individuals maximize their rights as they strive to minimize the role of the state. Total Libertarianism Total libertarianism enables democrats to support the majority of issues and the majority of positions in the Democratic Party. One of its strengths lies in the fact that it supports individual freedoms. As much as the total libertarianism is widely supported, it may collide with important issues that are deemed important in the society. For instance, the government involvement in issues of consumer protection, anti-trust laws, health care reforms and workers unions are affected to a great extent. Moderate Libertarianism Moderate libertarianism gives some room for the state to regulate issues of human rights. The strength here lies in cooperation that individuals offer by their free will. However, moderate libertarianism has often been criticized for not being quite assertive since the government is seen to take advantage hence preventing people from living their own lives to the fullest. This has been noted to result in the loss of independence and self-reliance that total libertarianism enjoys. Moderate libertarianism unlike total libertarianism suffers interference from the government. Moderate liberalism is viewed as a cause for more problems, but to some extent it helps bring order in regards to how people should live. If people are given freedom to exercise free will, the chances are very high that law and order will be jeopardized. The most Preferred Philosophy Judging by the two philosophies, total libertarianism gives much freedom to individuals rendering the state with less effect. Although people are to live in a democratic society, human rights should have limits. This is not quite achieved if people would prefer to do things on their own. With laws, it is easier to exercise human rights without favor as in the case with total libertarianism. Moderate libertarianism gives room for the government to exercise law and order. This may not necessarily mean that the government deprives people of their natural rights. Minimal regulations mean that the government is given the mandate of ensuring equal distribution of resources. This is a way of eliminating bias in the society. Moderate libertarianism seems to be the best option for dealing with issues that the society face. Conclusion Libertarianism is deemed important in honoring human rights’ issues. Individuals have the right to exercise democracy, however, people should be responsible. It is notable that the government
Robert Wood Johnson was a General who had interests in many things. In the many years that he lived, his interests spanned flying, sailing, politics, activism, writing, and philanthropy. He had an immense devotion to egalitarianism that could only be equaled with his commitment to enterprising, albeit his big acts of benevolence. ( Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2008) Through his many years, he built an international family business empire, Johnson and Johnson, and did well for himself by amassing a huge fortune that he would give basically all to philanthropy. This he did by establishing one of the biggest private philanthropy organizations in the world, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which was the beneficiary of his fortune. To affirm his service to the public, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation was founded in the year 1974 and is based in Princeton, New Jersey. The feeling of wanting to help those who were less fortunate in the society and after many interactions with the hospital conditions, the kind of care the sick were given, the wanting state of administration in the healthcare institutions, he made numerous efforts towards changing these, and he epitomized his desire to see change by establishing the biggest foundation in the United States that is devoted to ensuring that the American citizens have an opportunity to receive decent and better health and health care. ( Robert Wood Johnson Foundation) To achieve this objective, the foundation aims at making changes to the existing systems, inspire other individuals and organizations to join in their endeavor, influence the implementation of new and better policies, and generally change for the better some communities. Some of the great achievements it has been that it was instrumental in the development and popularization of what is currently the most famous and used emergency medical response services in America, the 9-1-1. RWJF brought forward new techniques for researching, preventing, and treating the use of tobacco in America, and these efforts have paid off with tremendous positive results, thereby making better public health and save the lives of millions of people annually. End-of-Life care was initially ignored by many health care institutions but is a very important aspect of healthcare that RWJF greatly contributed to developing in terms of the guidelines, teaching the health care experts the numerous families, and also put into place officials to help in the implementation of the policies all over the US(Robert Wood Johnson Foundat
Nursing assessment is used to determine an individual’s health status. As the individual’s health is primarily impacted by their lifestyle, social development, or personal beliefs, it is considered valuable information to his health status. Collecting such data and combining objective with subjective, or in this case, the nursing assessment, provides detailed and precise data on the patient. By combining the data and choosing one of the 11 frameworks of assessment, nurses can construct health patterns relatable to the individual’s lifestyle. In order to use Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns in an individual’s health assessment, one should start by collecting the data on an individual such as health history and individual’s perceptions in the form of an interview (Edelman et al., 2014). Next, one should choose one of the frameworks to guide the further assessment. After conducting needed examinations, one should combine the data and differentiate which one of the 11 functional health patterns fits the case. The use of Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns adds a subjective point to the assessment process and greatly helps in nursing interventions. Providing inner context helps with the accuracy of the diagnosis and effectiveness of interventions (Edelman et al., 2014). The interviews with individuals also let the nurses spread awareness of the impact well-being has on the health status and measures needed to maintain an individual’s health. I regularly participate in screening interventions for problems that need yearly checkups. As the body and its organs change with time, and their functions might worsen with time, preventing is key, in my opinion. The screening interventions I take regularly include physical and eye examinations and testing. I also think regular screenings of cholesterol and blood sugar are important for anyone. Reference Edelman, C., Mandle, C., Kudzma, E.C. (Eds.). (2014). Health promotion throughout the life span (8 th ed.). Elsevier Mosby.
Introduction   * Conscious Sedation:       + Drug-induced repression of consciousness during procedural interventions (Fencl, 2016).   * Consciously sedated patient:       + Responds with verbal cues or tactile reflexes.       + Protective airway reflexes.       + Unimpaired cardiovascular function.       + Adequate spontaneous breathing.   * Considerations for a nurse (RN):       + Patient evaluation & monitoring.       + Knowledge of pharmacological agents & their side effects.       + Proper airway management. Sedation exists in a continuum. Producing an appropriate depth of sedation is required to avoid respiratory complications. A patient under an appropriate level of conscious sedation exhibits various purposeful responses. He/she has the ability to respond through verbal cues or tactile reflexes and can counteract airway obstruction due to foreign materials. In addition, the patient shows unimpaired cardiovascular function and spontaneous breathing. The general considerations for practitioners to avert conscious sedation-related respiratory complications include patient evaluation and monitoring competency, knowledge of pharmacology of drugs – dosing and side effects – and skills in airway management. Patient Evaluation   * History/physical exam – vitals & heart/lung auscultations;   * Airway evaluation – Mallampati Classification:       + A comparison of tongue size to pharyngeal size;       + The patient should be in sitting position, not supinate;       + Mallampati Classification visualization & ASA status (Bui & Urman, 2013).           o Class I = soft palate, faucal passage, uvulas, anterior & posterior pillars – Normal;           o Class II = soft palate, faucal passage & uvula – Mild disease;           o Class III = soft palate & base of the uvula – Severe disease;           o Class IV = soft palate not visible – possible unstable angina.       + ASA class III or higher requires intubation/nasal cannula.   * Lab data & NPO status. Patient evaluation before and during the procedure is the standard practice in sedation. It entails a focused physical exam to check vitals and lung/heart auscultations, airway evaluation, a patient history review, e.g., failed sedations, identifying drug allergies, determining the preoperative NPO status, and lab tests. The Mallampati Classification determines the ASA risk of the patient. It involves comparing the size of the tongue to that of the pharyngeal. A better view of the airway passage is obtained when the patient is seated, not when in a supine position. The ASA class III and IV are indications for intubation to prevent respiratory complications, e.g., unstable angina. Pre-procedure Preparation & Monitoring   * Inform
Introduction The issue of spousal support has elicited various reactions in several divorce cases in the country. Several rulings have been made which require some divorced spouses to continue enjoying financial support from their former partners due to various reasons. The most common reasons that influence a court to award or deny spousal support in divorce cases include economic issues, medical problems, mortgage repayments, and other reasons. This paper will discuss the issue of spousal support by analyzing several divorce cases in Canada. The paper will also analyze the impacts of these rulings on parties involved to determine if they are similar or different from the Aspe v. Aspe case. Self –Reliance The Moge v. Moge case of 1993 showed how a wife who has been financially dependent on her husband deserves to be given spousal support after divorce. The case was based on the 1985 Divorce Act which stipulated that economic support should be done in a way that gives parties to a divorce a fair and equitable share of all proceeds that result from it. The basis of the ruling focused on whether Mrs. Moge was in a position to sustain the standard of living she was accustomed to when she was still married to her ex-husband. The ruling in the Moge v. Moge case upheld spousal support for Mrs. Moge who had depended on Mr. Moge for all her material needs during their marriage. Arguments made by the ruling observed that Mrs. Moge had voluntarily chosen to stay at home which denied her a chance to utilize her professional skills to become self-sufficient (Boyd, 2010). Therefore, the divorce was a disadvantage because she was not financially stable to cater to her own needs. This view is similar to the ruling made in the Aspe v Aspe case which granted Ms. Aspe spousal support from her husband for the next two years to allow her to become more self-sufficient. The court adjusted the spousal payments upwards due to increases in the cost of living after the initial amount had been awarded to Ms. Aspe, 16 years before. This case shows that a working spouse has a financial obligation to support the other spouse who does not have a regular source of income. However, the Aspe v Aspe case differs from the Moge v. Moge because Ms. Aspe was granted spousal support for only two years, after which a review would be done to determine if she was in a position to be self-sufficient or not (Aspe v. Aspe, 2010). The arguments made in the Aspe v. Aspe ruling show spousal support issues are resolved differently. Parties that seek spousal support need to explain why they deserve to be awarded such payments. In the Hickey v. Hickey case (1999) the court ruled that the respondent, Walter Hickey, stop paying child support for his da