ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Battle of Gettysburg fought in south-central Pennsylvania on July 1–3, 1863, is considered to be one of the most important battles in the history of the United States as it became a turning point in the course of the Civil War (Robinson, 2007). In the following paper, this battle will be approached in detail to draw important lessons that can be relevant to tomorrow’s battles. First, in the Battle of Gettysburg, the commanders’ intent on both sides was to win the battle by all means possible. This intent was explained by the fact that the whole community of the world was expecting the outcomes of this battle. In case the Confederate won, their state formation could be widely renowned by the key governments in the world (Robinson, 2007). On the contrary, the victory of the troops of the Union led to the strategic upset and the defeat of the South with a further unifying of the whole country. However, Confederate troops, headed by General Lee had great losses in this operation and did not succeed in moving further to the North, which led to the triumph of the Union Army (Robinson, 2007). Second, one of the METT-T aspects, which is a mission, will be analyzed. Both enemies had a serious mission in this battle. General Lee and the army of Confederation aimed to push into the North to firmly establish their position, and prejudge the outcome of the war. The National Army, headed by General George Meade, aimed to stop General Lee, and move the military actions into the territory of the South. Thirdly, speaking about the relationship between fire support, and command and control, it is necessary to admit that both armies demonstrated excellent skills in this area. However, the army of the Union, headed by General Meade, was more successful, which enabled causing the enemy considerable casualties that resulted in Confederate further defeat in the Civil War (Robinson, 2007). Next, analyzing issuing the warning orders by two commanders, it is necessary to note that General Lee appeared self-confident, and underestimated the forces of the enemy while planning the attack. As a result, initial instructions to soldiers were presented in a misleading way that caused terrible losses (Robinson, 2007). Lee’s self-confidence also led to misunderstanding between him and his companions, and the lack of unity of effort among the soldiers. Further, analyzing the close element of the battlefield organization
The Lama Gangchen World Peace Foundation, a spiritual forum in Nepal, to “identify non – material solutions to become the principal deliberating body of the most effective inner solutions to outer and inner problems” works hand in hand with United Nations to support the development of World peace. This is the description of a spiritual walk through Nepal, Thailand and Indonesia along with Lama Gangchen Peace foundation to cleanse the mind and the intellect. A spiritual tour to South East Asia The best birthday gift ever – that was what mom gave me as my fifteenth birthday present – A tour to Asia. southeast Asia, with its mysterious history and beautiful landscape, is a traveler’s delight. We were part of the Brazilian wing of a Buddhist peace foundation called the “Centro de Dharma da Paz Shid De Choe Tsog”, a part of the world-renowned “Lama Gangchen Peace Foundation”, traveling in Nepal and the neighboring countries to preach the principles on the spreading of inner peace education and the Self-Healing method for body, mind and the environment; a method taking its roots in the traditional tantric Buddhist philosophy, developed and adapted by Lama Gangchen Rinpoche, the founder of the Lama Gangchen Peace Foundation. We arrived at Katmandu, the capital city of Nepal and stayed at the Himalayan Healing Centre, which provides traditional Tibetan and Ayurvedic medical care for its inhabitants. Nepal has got a rich and varied culture, religion and geography. Even though Nepalese are not very rich, the hospitality of the natives is welcoming. Meditations and celebrations at the Himalayan Healing Centre gave us a divine feeling. Our next destination was Bangkok, the capital and the largest city in Thailand. Bangkok offers the most extraordinary spectacle to the tourists with a blend of traditional and modern high-tech buildings. In Bangkok, we took part in the peace meditation at the Dhammakaya Foundation attended by over three hundred people from all over the world. The Dhammakaya Foundation works for the principle of spreading peace. Experiencing the mass meditation rejuvenated the body and the mind of all the participants. Thousands of torches were lit at dusk to symbolize the promotion of world peace and wellness of the mankind. We left Bangkok for central Java, a part of Indonesia. Although Indonesia is a Muslim country, it has got a rich culture influenced by its Buddhist history. Our destination was the Borobudur stupa, located some 42 kilometers north-west of the city of Yogyakarta, and is the world’s largest Buddhist stupa which was built on a bedrock hill, 265 m (869 ft) above sea level and 15 m (49 ft) above the f
Introduction “The Things They Carried” is a collection of stories by Tim O’Brien. Each short story reveals the experience of a military unit fighting in the Vietnam War and presents a combination of historical events and the author’s fiction. In one of the stories, titled the same as this collection, O’Brien showcases a Lieutenant who struggles to let go of his past. The recollections of love, despite it being unrequited, help Cross escape the brutal reality of being at war, however, eventually, he has to admit that his constant dwelling on the memories of Martha is dangerous. The Things They Carried At the beginning of the story, Lieutenant Jimmy Cross cannot let go of his past life, which does not allow him to focus entirely on the combat. According to O’Brien, “Lieutenant Jimmy Cross carried letters from a girl named Martha” (1). Cross recalls his love for Martha, which was unrequited, but still, he keeps her letters, and a peddle she gave him for good luck. As O’Brien describes it, Jim and Martha only had one date, and when Cross recalls the events while in Vietnam, he regrets not taking a risk. O’Brien describes Cross’ thoughts as ” he should’ve carried her up the stairs to her room” (3). This element of the story is notable because, under challenging conditions such as war, where people encounter death daily, it is not surprising that Lieutenant thinks about all the things he regrets. It is possible that in the future, he will not have an opportunity to meet Martha again, or even go on a date with someone else. Therefore, the Lieutenant relives this experience in his imagination, unable to escape these thoughts as a way of dealing with the difficulties and emotional burden of the war. The recollections of past life and the communication with Martha serves as an escape from reality for Lieutenant. Her letters never mention anything about the war, even though she is aware of where Cross is and what dangers he may be encountering. Martha prefers to quote poetry and remind Cross to take care of himself (O’Brien, 1). Perhaps, this is a way of showing that the emotional burden of war is affecting not only those in the combat field but also those staying in the United States. All characters described in the “The Things They Carried” have something that helps them retain the connection with their past lives. This includes things that are necessities, something that helps them survive, with some differences ” depending upon a man’s habits or rate of metabolism” (O’Brien, 1). However, apart from these things, the soldiers carried some reminders of their families or something that would help them stay calm. Again, this i
Communication with the help of email became the part of the people’s everyday activities which include personal face-to-face communication and official contacts with colleagues and partners. However, the character of email as the electronic correspondence and as a box for saving the private files, letters, and photographs prevents researchers and specialists from concluding strictly about the laws and ethical norms which can regulate the use of email after the owner’s death. Lawyers have no single view on the category according to which it is appropriate to discuss the issues associated with using email by non-owners. The case of Justin Ellsworth contributed to creating the precedent in regulating the procedures in which the email providers and owners are involved. The parents of Justin Ellsworth asked for providing them with an access to the son’s email, but Yahoo, as a provider, rejected the request. It was complied only according to the court’s order. The parents received the access, but the question is in ethical nature of this situation (Leach, 2005). Is it possible that all the persons discussed as relatives can receive the access to the personal email after someone’s death? Following the laws and regulations associated with privacy, property, and copyright laws, it is possible to state that Ellsworth’s parents should not have been given the access to email because of violating legal and ethical norms. The decision to give the access to Ellsworth’s email was based on the court’s order, but this case cannot ne discussed as the pattern to follow in similar situations because it can indirectly violate the privacy standards set by the Internet service providers. Thus, the case is controversial, and it should be discussed in relation to the deceased, the Internet service provider, and parents’ interests. Moreover, it is important to pay attention to the case’s details through the lens of the utilitarian and deontological ethics. The interest of the deceased should be of a priority while resolving the problematic situation discussed in the case of Ellsworth. Confidential information and email resources should be protected according to similar laws focused on property and privacy protection. The decision of a person not to share the password with the relatives should be taken into consideration after the person’s death because of his or her rights to protect privacy and save private information unreleased. According to the utilitarian approach, the appropriateness of the action and its ethical value can be assessed only with references to its consequences. The consequences of realizing the private information from email can be positive as well a
Schools are social agencies that are created with the aim of enhancing the processes of socialization. As an agent of socialization, a school contributes towards the process of ‘creating a social self’ in an individual. A school is a man-made institution that is formulated for the purposes of transmitting culture thereby aiding in socialization. Attending school has a significant impact on learners including introducing them to a mostly interactive universe. Furthermore, school curriculums are often designed in a manner that addresses socialization directly. It is also important to note that in modern times, schools have taken over some of the roles that are played by other agents of socialization (Giddens 55). This essay discusses school as an agent of socialization and offers specific examples of how it influences our behaviors, interactions, and the society as a whole. School is vital in determining how we communicate with each other because it introduces us to language/s. Although people are introduced to languages by their parents and/or other caretakers, schools are responsible for formalizing this process. For instance, schools teach languages in a manner that bridges the disparities between various societies and dialects. Consequently, our first introductions into the social world are made possible by the fact that schools teach us languages that resonate with our environment. School is also responsible for imparting individuals with skills that make them useful to their societies. In the current society, productivity is assessed using an individual’s vocational and economic output. Schools are directly responsible for making people worthwhile in their respective societies. For example, in
Psychoanalysis and the Adlerian theory are some of the most influential existing psychological theories, and both are used by therapists and counselors in their practice. After briefly explaining the crux of both theories, this paper considers the similarities and differences between them. According to psychoanalytic theory, individuals, to a large extent, are influenced by their unconscious self, which includes their past experiences; the currently existing psychological problems are viewed as rooted in the repressed emotions and unresolved issues of the past (Cooper & Dryden, 2016). Psychoanalysts, therefore, attempt to assist their clients by bringing out some unconscious material, mainly childhood experiences, and work with it, reconstructing, discussing, and analyzing it, to help the client reach wholeness and self-realization (Cooper & Dryden, 2016; Corey, 2013). On the other hand, the Adlerian theory accepts the assumption that the acts and motivations of individuals are caused by social factors, but that people are responsible for their own beliefs, actions, and feelings, and that their actions are motivated by their aims for the future rather than influenced by their past (Corey, 2013). Adlerian therapists focus on helping individuals become aware of and change their erroneous beliefs about the self and the others, and thus, transform their life for the better (Corey, 2013). It is easy to see that both theories attempt to identify some psychological nuances of an individual that cause him/her to act in a wrong way, and to help the person to more fully realize themselves (Corey, 2013). However, while psychoanalysts believe that people’s problems are rooted in their past psychological trauma, Adlerians state that problems of individuals originate in wrong views and resulting wrong behaviors. Also, psychoanalysts, believing that the unconscious is the main source of one’s actions, view one as not fully in control of oneself, whereas Adlerians state that one is responsible for their opinions and actions. In addition, while psychoanalysts are convinced that actions of people are caused by their repressed past experiences, Adlerians consider future goals to be what prompts them to act in particular ways (Corey, 2013). On the whole, both psychoanalytic and Adlerian theories are used by modern therapists. Despite the differences between the theories, both of them have proven to be successful if used in the practice of psychotherapy (Corey, 2013).
Prior Knowledge and Experience with the Module’s Key Concepts and Themes The module that is discussed in this paper is devoted to the international business phenomenon. While I would not say that I had been unaware of it, I had never specifically studied it and hardly had ever contemplated it before I took up the module. International business (and business in general) is typically not regarded as a topic that is necessary for a healthcare worker, but I tend to think that knowledge in this sphere can be most helpful for a healthcare administration worker, which is my goal in the future. As a result of the lack of prior knowledge, my personal perspectives on the topics and concepts of the module are conditioned by the module materials as well as those that I discovered when working on PDPs, which is why I will be referring to several scholarly works to explain and support my opinion. Personal Perspectives and Assumptions around Key Module Topics Central to the topics of the module is the concept of globalization, and it is of direct consequence for me since without this level of cooperation and communication between the countries of the world, I might have been deprived of the possibility move to the Middle East. What is notable (and interesting) about globalization is its relationships with multinational companies that can be classified as the mutual influence which, on the one hand, enables the companies to exist, expand, and receive competitive advantages and, on the other hand, solidifies globalization processes (Rugman & Collinson, 2012). Also, globalization is a very complex phenomenon that has both positive and negative consequences, and this module showed me that despite this ambiguity, globalization is not a positive or negative occurrence, but rather a fact of the modern world. Another important topic of the module is the concept of competitive advantage, which is of significance for any business. In my opinion, the competition to win customers’ loyalty is capable of improving our services and quality of life. For example, it spurs the development and implementation of technologies that work towards the enhancements of quality and speed of service (Meijers 2014). A phenomenon that also proves the beneficial nature of competition and that was also discussed during this module is the corporate social responsibility (Rugman & Collinson 2012). To be honest, business ethics has been a relatively controversial topic throughout the existence of this term (Windsor 2015), but nowadays definite improvements are visible in the field. For example, it is common for large multinational companies to get involved in projects that are aimed at resolving global issues, and an example is the IBM company with its efforts to combat HIV (2014 IBM Corporate Responsibility Report 2014). In fact, nowadays, business ethics is a full-fledged discipline that searches for precedents, guides, and tools that could aid managers in resolving ethical dilemmas (Small 2011; Zydziunaite, Lepaite & Suominen 2013). I think that its discoveries will be of use for me when I hold a managerial position. Finally, the module also proceeds to discuss leaders
World view stands for the individual’s perception of the world. World view does involve all the beliefs or philosophy on what we take the world to be in relation to ourselves. This does constitute one’s attitude, ideology and even one’s general outlook toward life. People do ask themselves what human s are and what their purpose in life is. In discussing world views so many questions do arise. For example what is the world made up of? Does it involve assembling done by some sort of natural processes? Or is it created by a supreme being. One’s worldviews do shape individuals a great deal. However, people’s world view is affected by several factors which include an array of inherited characteristics, other background situations and experiences, inculcated values and even habits. This therefore means that people’s worldviews do differ from one individual to the other. One wonders what is the world and how did it originate. This question has proved quite challenging depending on one’s orientation. From what I feel, the world came to exist out of some supernatural power. This is despite the fact that there are other nations that try to explain the origin of the earth and the universe. The world is a mass that is composed of masses of water soil and life. Scientists have come up with their suppositions on how the earth formed. According to them, it is believed that the world came into being about 4.5 billion years ago. It formed from a solidified dust and other gases when the sun was formed. They believe that the earth was made of several ingredients including silicates and iron together with some other elements, some of which were radioactive. Since the earth was cold, some of the energy emanating from the reaction of the radioactive elements heats the earth, thereby making it warm. The other constituents further react, creating depressions in the natural crust of the earth thereby causing natural basins of water, hills and volcanoes that led to the present terrain. There is also another scientific thought that further asserts that macro evolution played a very crucial role in the species on earth. They believe that living things have evolved over time. This means that a horse some millions of years ago is not the same in features compared to the horse in existence now. It started with a small horse the size of a dog and changed in its stages of development into the horse that we know today. But it is difficult to rely on this observation of changes. Some changes that can be observed do not change into totally different creatures al
The economy of Saudi Arabia is oil based and the government controls all the major economic activities in the country. Oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia in 1930s by geologists from U.S but its large scale production started after World War II (Rodney, 2004). Saudi Arabia is ranked as the largest exporter of petroleum and it accounts for 18% of proven petroleum reserves in the world. Petroleum contributes 55% of the overall GDP and it accounts for 90% of export earnings (Ramady, 2010). Oil in Saudi Arabia accounts 75% of government revenues and it is produced by the parastatal giant Saudi ARAMCO on behalf of the government (Ramady, 2010). Saudi ARAMCO is the largest fully integrated private oil company in the world. Most of the Saudi oil exports are transported from one region to another, using tanker passing through Ras Tanura and Juay’mah; those fuels that are going to the east-west go using pipeline (Rodney, 2004). Oil income After World War II in 1973, Saudi Arabia became the fastest growing economy due to increase in petroleum revenues. It increased its trade in the world and the government got enough revenue for development, defense and aid for other Arab and Islamic countries (Rodney, 2004); in the mid-1980s, high oil prices led to development of many oil fields in the world leading to global oil consumption reduction. This called for introduction of an element of planning for uncertainty for the first time, Saudi Arabia oil production which had increased in 1980-1981 by 10 million barrels per day reduced to 2 million barrels per day in 1985 and this led to government budgetary deficits (Ramady, 2010). This made Saudi Arabia to give up its role as the greatest manufacturer with OPEC and it accepted a production quota in 1985. Since then, oil policy in Saudi Arabia has been to maintain market and quota shares in order to ensure constancy in the global oil market. The government has been encouraging private sector involvement in petroleum sector in order to expand its oil production capacity in response to the increasing global demand (Rodney, 2004). The Saudi Arabia government has sought to allocate its petroleum income to it undeveloped oil based; it also seeks to maintain its traditional Islamic values and customs such as Hajji and Umrah (Ramady, 2010). Oil wealth has contributed significantly in improving living standards of Saudi Arabia population. It has contributed to development of infrastructure, improved education, health facilities and social services. However its high population growth has put pressure in the economy thus straining the government in financing further improvements in living standards. Lack of skilled Saudi Arabians graduates has been leading to lack of economic diversification and development. This has led to about 4.6 million non-Saudis been employed in the economy (Ramady, 2010). The government has however emphasized on development of private sector employment of Saudis in order to reduce foreign worker; it also aims to reduce Saudis unemployment fr