ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The Second World War is rightfully regarded as the most devastating battle in modern history and it involved almost all nations of the world. The United States joined the battle at a relatively later stage and engaged in a number of significant battles against the Axis Alliance in both Europe and Asia. One of the most intense battles carried out by US troops was against Japanese forces in the island of Iwo Jima. This battle which spanned for over a month had some significant repercussions for the US and Japanese Empire. This paper will set out to discuss the impact of the battle of Iwo Jima with an overview of the reasons why the battle took place and the major parties involved provided. Origins of the War The invasion of Iwo Jima by US forces was precipitated by the success of the offensive against Japanese forces in the Mariana Islands. The Mariana Islands were to serve as a major launching pad for an intense attack against mainland Japan (Brown 14). However, for this campaign to work, Iwo Jima needed to be under US control since Iwo Jima lie halfway between Tokyo and Mariana. The Island of Iwo Jima had been developed by the Japanese as a base for intercepting US bombers on their way to Japan. Under Japanese control, the Iwo Jima Island played a crucial role in the defense of mainland Japan by serving as an early warning station. The US forces regarded this island as of great strategic importance in carrying out attacks against mainland Japan. The operation to capture Iwo Jima was code named “Detachment” and it was based on the “island hopping” theory where American troops set out to occupy islands that were of strategic importance in the war against Japan (Brown 18). The invasion of Iwo Jima began on 19 February 1945 with the landing of American forces on the island while bombers attacked key Japanese positions and their warships. Major Figures A number of top American Commanders were involved in the Iwo Jima operation. The order to occupy the island of Iwo Jima was issued by the then Joint Chiefs of Staff to Chester Nimitz who was the Commander in Chief Pacific. Nimitz’s right hand man, Admiral Raymond Spruance was the operations commander. Admiral Richmond Turner was placed as the “Joint Expeditionary Force Commander” and his great organization skills assisted in the mounting of operations (Wright 13). Lieutenant-General Holland Smith was the Fleet Commander of the marine force in the pacific. The Japanese side also had a number of high-ranking military personnel. Lieutenant-General Tadamichi Kuribayashi w
Quotations The most compelling quote from “Young Goodman Brown” is probably the following: “Depending upon one another’s hearts, ye had still hoped that virtue was not all a dream. Now, are ye undeceived? Evil is the nature of mankind (Hawthorne, p. 408).” The Devil is trying to persuade the main character that the world as he sees it through the moral lens is an illusion. Evil, however, is the reality that every person will have to face. Another quotation that captures the reader’s attention is: “With Heaven above and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the Devil! (Hawthorne, p. 409)” Goodman Brown rejects the worldview perpetuated by the Devil and calls for the Higher Power (Heaven) to help him. Interestingly enough, Faith can be interpreted ambiguously – literally and as the name of his wife. In the second case, Brown might mean that the bond that he has with his wife is what makes him persistent in opposing evil. Qualities The story by Hawthorne includes six essential elements of fiction: character, plot, point of view, setting, style, and themes. The main character is young Goodman Brown, a puritan who moved to the New World with his wife. The plot is built around his journey into a mysterious forest – the main setting in this literary piece. While the story is written in the third person, the reader has access to Brown’s point of view and can empathize with his feelings. The style is intentionally gothic and grotesque insofar as the themes discussed – temptation, loss of faith, and madness. Questions “Young Goodman Brown” raises many questions that remain unanswered and, therefore, are open to interpretation. The reader cannot tell precisely whether what Brown encountered in the forest was real, or he merely dreamed it. There is some evidence that the vision that Goodman Brown had was nothing but a dream. Throughout his journey, his perception of the surroundings is indistinct and lacks detail. When Brown meets an old traveler, he realizes certain similarities between them, which may mean that the protagonist met his subconscious self in his dream. Another question that compels the reader to develop a deeper understanding of the story is whether the Devil himself made Brown hallucinate the entire encounter. The testing of faith is a common theme in Protestantism, which makes this explanation feasible. Work Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Young Goodman Brown.” The Story and Its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. Compact ninth ed. Ed. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2015. 405-414. Print.
Introduction Australia is among those countries which harbor large numbers of refugees from the Middle East and Africa, regions where Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is highly practiced. When these women move into Australia they still look forward to continuing with this practice as it is considered as a link with their culture. Sudanese refugee women usually undergo the worst scenarios before becoming refugees in Australia. They are victims of civil war, assault, and rape. The Commonwealth (Commonwealth of Australia 2007) has reported that the department‘s settlement database (SDB) statistics, since the 1996-97 financial year, indicate that at least 20,000 settlers have migrated to Australia from Sudan. As a cultural ritual that predates major religions in the world, Sudanese women are subjected to FGM. Policymakers deplore this practice due to the associated negative health effects. On the other hand, it has been adamant among the Sudanese as a form of cultural identity. Consequently, FGM has become a debatable issue between culture and wellbeing in Australia. This study aims of understanding FGM among the Sudanese refugee women in Australia and its impact on the health of the women. Methodology This is a qualitative study that employed a meta-analysis of different studies to carefully examine all available information. Consequently, the most relevant information was selected to complete the paper. Information used to complete this paper was obtained from secondary sources like journals, books, and relevant websites. Information was collected on FGM among Sudanese refugee women in Australia. Literature Review Australia is strongly committed to defending children from harm. Female genital mutilation is a cultural practice among Sudanese refugees settling in Australia. However, according to Australian law, it is prohibited as it constitutes child abuse. The law, alongside other kinds of interventions, has left FGM practice unabated among the Sudanese women in Australia. This is because, Australia is a multicultural region and therefore, cultural values and beliefs should be respected. It i
Justice is one of the aspects of people’s life which must occur in any situation. Law, courts and government are the main guarantees of justice. There are some cases or, maybe, some situations, when people do not trust law representatives, who cannot maintain order, and people decide to dispense justice by themselves. These cases are rather numerous, especially when a crowd represents the law. It is impossible to stop the crowd, so the ‘justice’ in such cases is usually maintained without any fair hearings. Courts exist to maintain discipline and justice in society. There are a lot of types and classifications of courts in the USA. The main court is The Supreme Court of the USA. There are United States Courts of Appeals on the lower level and the United States District Courts which appear in every district. There are cases people do not want involve courts in their affairs and in this case unfair decisions may be committed. The movie “The Ox-Bow Incident” is a good example when the crowd decides whether to sentence judged people to death or to give them life. The crowd did not want to leave any chance to convinced people to avoid punishment and decided to dispense justice without any court examinations at that very moment. Three innocent persons were lynched. They did not have any opportunities to prove their innocence or at least to be listened to. The court examinations exist not by chance. There are lots of arguments which support the idea of court examination. The court procedure should be objective. Only being objective, we may come to the conclusion whether person is guilty or not. (Lind and Tyler, chapter 2) Objectivity gives us an opportunity to look on situation without any prejudices and to commit a justice decision. Justice is when the situation is clear, when both sides have been listened to and biases do not influence the decision. The only way to reach justice is to turn to procedural justice, in the court with judges. (Lind and Tyler, chapter 4) Court procedure is a very complicated and long process. Two sides are involved in the process: the defender and the prosecutor, who act opposite. These people should colle
Host nations of large and prestigious events make sure that they portray an impressive image to the world. Dolles and Söderman (2010) note that cities hosting famous global events like FIFA world cup football tournament and the Olympics are normally set to stage a show for the whole world. Indeed, these cities normally use this spectacular chance to demonstrate their might to the rest of the world. One of the major issues which spring up upon hosting such games is the socio-economic impact they come with. Studies have revealed that the real inhabitants of a city are usually highly responsive in case of any changes (Kennelly & Watt, 2011). The open national qualitative study was therefore carried out to analyze the experiences of the young and homeless group of persons living in London and Vancouver. This sub population happened to be the distinct dwellers of the streets of the two Olympic cities of 2010 and 2012. The research is aimed at offering a critical analysis of qualitative research study of the article authored by Kennelly and Watt on the effect of Olympics on poor neighborhoods. It was critical for the research to be done using qualitative methods of study. Qualitative research ensures the use of everyday experiences of life to develop desirable ideas that are deduced from the real life of the research subjects (Golriz & Walker, 2012). This being a qualitative research, it was done through the observation of the daily patterns of the lives of the young and homeless in London and Vancouver. The inquiries were conducted by an interpretation of phenomenal aspects of their lives. The sensitive social life was keenly scrutinized. Audio recordings, photographs and observational field notes were taken for assessment. The general displacement of people due to preparations in readiness for Olympics, the recount of general experiences of people who were affected by these early preparations and the feelings of the hosts needed more assessment work in order to give the finest result of the study. One of the most remarkable impacts which arise from the restructuring of a city prior to an international event is the achievement of global status (Dolles & Söderman, 2010). This is definitely one of the expectations of governments hosting such remarkable events. The cities of London and Vancouver have realized a proportionate growth due to the Olympic Games. This has happened despite the fact that the homeless minorities have been spatially impoverished. This group of people has been forced to move away into the outskirts of the cities. This has compelled them to settle for lower low-waged jobs which are characterized by insecuri
Introduction Breakfast is one of the requirements for healthy living and a good start for a person. Individuals require energy for use in various activities and it is through breakfast, this can be achieved. I chose to work on this question because it directly affects students’ behavior, performance, and future ambitions and targets. If a student does not have breakfast, does his or her performance get affected or will it not be affected. There is a relationship between students taking breakfast on student’s performance. When a student takes breakfast his concentration, comprehension, energy increase, or fatigue reduces and grades improve and he is able to learn how to solve his own problems with ease, learns to be independent and all these will enable the performance to change for the better. The answers to this question will enhance my professional knowledge and competence in many ways. As a professional, I will encourage students to take breakfast to enable them to improve their creativity, concentration, comprehension, increase their energy, and improves college grades. Performance for the students has been recorded and analyzed. This performance has been based on concentration, comprehension, energy requirement, and grades obtained. The results obtained in this analysis were majorly based on the responses from the 45 students of various demographics. You cannot have a direct relationship between the performance and the breakfast taken in the morning. Normally breakfast is consumed because it is a basic need for human beings. There is always a discrepancy in the data collected because the data obtained depends on the perception, attitudes, and feelings of the interviewees. There was not enough time to carry out the measurement to obtain actual data that can be relied on reasonably apart from information obtained from interviews. This information has been subjected to statistical data using SSP 10.0 and has given a result that is being relied upon in this statistic. Objectives of the study  1. To find out whether students who do not have breakfast are more likely to do poorly in school more than those who take breakfast.  2. To assess the impact of breakfast on comprehension, concentration, fatigue, and failing grades.  3. To come up with recommendations on what can be done to improve performance and breakfast availability. Hypothesis Not having breakfast affects a child’s grades in school. Scope 45 students were considered in this result, 40 females and 5 males. These people voluntarily participated in this study on the breakf
Introduction In recent years, questions have been raised about whether nursing is a profession or an occupation. An occupation is a job or a career whereas a profession is a learned vocation or occupation that has a status of superiority and precedence within a division of work. Characteristics of a profession are: a defined knowledge base, power and authority over training and education, registration, altruistic service, a code of ethics, lengthy socialization and autonomy (McEwen and Wills, 2006). A profession must also have an institutionalized goal or social mission as well as a group of scholars who work to advance the knowledge of the profession through research, with the goal of improving practice. Until recently nursing was viewed as an occupation rather than a profession. This was because the services provided by nurses were seen as an extension of those provided by wives and mothers. Historically, nursing was seen was subservient to medicine and nurses have delays in identifying and organizing professional knowledge. Moreover the education for nurses is not yet standardized and the three tier entry level system can been found inadequate in the professional context (diploma, associate degree, bachelor’s degree). Finally autonomy in practice is incomplete because nursing is still dependent on medicine to direct much of its practice. On the other hand, nursing does have some of the characteristics of a profession. It has the social mandate to provide health care for clients at different points in the health illness continuum. There is a growing knowledge base, authority over education, altruistic service, and a code of ethics and registration requirements for practice (McEwen and Wills, 2006). Although the debate is still ongoing, it can be successfully argued that nursing is an aspiring, evolving profession (McEwen and Wills, 2006). Main body “Professionalism is the enactment of the values and ideals of individuals who are called, as physicians, to serve individuals and populations whose care is entrusted to them, prioritizing the interests of those they serve above their own” – says the AAMC Professionalism Task Force (AMSA, 2008). This definition shows that professionalism is not one that is acquired by some academic qualification or through registration. It is the practice that makes a job professional. The key characteristics of a profession are that its members demonstrate accountability and that the profession demonstrates accountability and autonomy (Girard et al, 2005). Styles in Gray & Pratt asserts that “the professionalism of nursing will be achieved only through the professionhood of its members”. This implies that all nurses must embrace accountability for practice to be considered truly professional. According to the Royal College of Nursing in Austr
Introduction Understanding risk and risk management in an organisation requires one to understand that risks are varied depending on the type of organization in question. Risk management is the system of strategies, policies and practices that minimize an organization’s exposure to risk, cushioning it against the effects of those risks (Investor Glossary 2011; McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2005). To understand the nature of the dynamics of risk requires one to also consider the variety of business interests and business fields such as health, transport, finance and other (Hutter and Power 2005). Thus, risk management in the business environment assumes different perspectives depending n the organization and the risks in question. However, Hutter and Power (2005) adds that risk management is not something an organization chances to do, but should be a deliberate effort to prepare the organization to deal with future emergencies. Thus proper and effective risk management ensures that the future of the organization is assured. This does not however mean that organizations understand the nature and type of risks that they will encounter in the present and in the future. It means that organizations must implement the correct strategies to deal with dynamic risks as they arise and minimize their effect (Hutter & Power 2005). Company outline – Alasia Hotel & Resorts (AHR) Alasia Hotel & Resorts (AHR) is owned by Alexia Limited which was registered in 1984 as a private limited company. AHR is an exclusively full service establishment with fully owned hotels and resorts in these exceptional cities; Berlin, Frankfurt, Budapest, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Sydney and Hamburg. The company has also franchises in London, New York and Florida. It offers a variety off services and products, and caters for individual, group and corporate clients on full board, half board and customized services. AHR has well established restaurants, coffee shops, bars, catering and cocktail lounges with full service personnel. AHR also offers accommodation services in our main resorts or condominiums with room and personalized services. Condominiums are only for private full board accommodation for small groups or families and guarantees all services offered at the he main hotels. All our large hotels also have exclusive retail shops such as gift shops, boutiques and chemists. Our hotels and resorts offer other services such as beauty parlors, ballrooms, fitness centers, health amenities, laundry and valet service. Other than these, AHR also has the facilities for exhibit halls, seminars, conferences, private functions such as wedding and other types of meetings. To facilitate easy movement of clients, AHR has secured coaches and saloon cars available upon request. As Hutter and Power (2005) explains, risk management is a deliberate effort that is part of AHR’s core business; the same can be said of AHR. The nature of AHR’s business, deals with risks every day, therefore risk management is a core function in its daily operations. As such
Introduction Coronavirus pandemic is one of the major challenges the world faces today. The scope of the problem is evidenced by the fact that all regions are affected by the disease and accept severe measures to regulate the functioning of society and stop the further spread of the virus. It also affects the sphere of business as it critically depends on communities, cooperation between individuals and partners from various areas. For this reason, the current coronavirus outbreak critically affects the majority of companies and their business operations by offering new conditions under which firms should operate and generate revenues. In this regard, the given paper is devoted to the investigation of the current state of business, the main challenges it faces, and changes that emerge under the impact of the pandemics. The main research question is: What effect does the coronavirus outbreak cause on business operations in Europe? To answer this research question, it is vital to analyze the current situation in the selected area, regulatory measures that are introduced by states, and companies’ responses to the changes in policies and cooperation patterns between individuals. The acquired information will help to conclude about the impact of the virus on business in Europe at the moment. In such a way, the research question formulated above contributes to the introduction of specific aims that should be followed. The first one is to critically evaluate the current business environment in Europe and outline how the coronavirus affects it, including all changes. The observation of the given aim will help to create the framework for the discussion and attain an improved understanding of the current situation. The second aim is to evaluate all changes in business operations that emerge under the impact of the coronavirus and conclude about their impact on business in general. The research question of the proposed study also impacts the formulation of the following objectives:   * To analyze changes in the business environment of Europe that occurred during the last two months   * To measure the effectiveness of altered business operations regarding the new conditions under which companies function during the pandemics   * To conclude about the possible outcomes regarding these changes and debate about the future changes in the next several months   * The given objectives are vital for the project as they establish the framework for the investigation and drive the collection of data needed to conclude the changes in business operations that can be observed today. The choice of the topic for the research is justified by the relevance of the discussed issue and its significance for the selected region. Today, Europe, and especially some of its regions such as Spain and Italy, suffer from the coronavirus and have to introduce new regulations to stop pandemics. New rules presuppose a limited number of contacts