ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction A robot has been defined by the International Organization for Standardization as a device that is automatically controlled, can be reprogrammed and can manipulate programs in an industrial setting; The device can be fixed or mobile (ISO 8373). The construction industry is defined by several characteristics regarding its operations. It requires heavy lifting, high degree of accuracy is essential, it is a high risk job and time management is crucial. Until very recently, most of the activities in constructions were manually carried out or relied on machines requiring human control but due to the inadequacy of manual labor, automated and semi-automated devices were introduced. Balaguer and Mohammed have noted that robotics has infiltrated virtually every sector of the construction industry namely; Demolition, surveying, excavation and earth moving, tunneling, paving, house building and inspection activities (1135). Each of these activities has specific tasks that require the use of specific robots or automated machinery. This article looks at each of the construction categories and the type of robots being used. Demolition Demolition involves tearing down of structures and buildings in general. The demolition activity is usually very dangerous and requires precision so as adjacent structures are not destroyed during the process. Several types of robots have been introduced in the construction field to handle demolition activities however most robots in this field require some form of human input. Aqua Jet H-450 and HV-550 Hydro-demolishing robots This robot is used to remove weak concrete from structures such as bridges that may prove difficult to be done manually. The robots are controlled by computers using preset programs that are selected depending on the type of work to be carried out. The devices use a highly pressured water jet for the removal of weak concrete. The water jet passes across the surface of the structure and once it reaches a point of weakness, it removes the weak or damaged concrete. The identification of weak concrete is determined by the penetration of the water jet. Since the device has been programmed with the pressure normal concrete should withstand, this pressure is applied on the surface and if the water jet should chip away the concrete the device directs the water jet at that particular point until strong undamaged concrete is met or until a quality depth set by the operator is reached (IAARC 9). Conjet Robot 361 This computer controlled robot uses highly pressurized water that forces its way into the surface of concrete structures for its demolition activities. The robot is remotely controlled b
There are many religions all over the world. The Islamic religion is one of these. Islam is believed to have been founded by great prophets who lived in the early days. Its origination is assumed to be from the Australian continent. It is more closely associated with Arabian speakers. The term Islam is a word that literally is translated to mean surrender or submission. Its application in the Islam religion is meant to apply to the submission of people to the supreme supernatural being. The birth of Islam is estimated to be as early as the seventh century AD. The conceiving of Islam was faced with a lot of a hard time because many people were against its teachings. This leads to the uprising in many parts of the Arabian speakers. Numerous prophets died in the war against their teaching work. The success of this war came to its highest point when the great Muhammad came to power. He lived in the city of Mecca, which was inhabited by the tribe of Koreish. This was a mercantile center with a shrine to many gods. The chief god was named Allah. Due to this many gods, the people who lived in the city remained to be divided in accordance with their gods. There was a god of the moon, the sun goddess, and the god of the planet Venus. Each of these gods had its own role. The moon god was supposed to be the chief and the protector of the cities. In order to make a firm foundation of Islam, it took all the efforts of Prophet Muhammad to end the divisions which existed among the people. (Randall, 1999) Prophet Muhammad was a god’s messenger. So, he was being used by his creator to pass the message of the supreme one to the people. Therefore, he acted as a mediator of god’s message, in the same manner, the angels and the early paramount prophets like Elijah, Moses, Abram, Noah, and many others in the holy scriptures of the bible used to do. His wisdom and courage made to pursue the unity of the communities in the city of Mecca. He, therefore, elevated the moon Allah to be the chief and only god of the people. By so doing, there were a lot of chaoses that lead him to flee from Mecca to Medina. This is
The governments main aim is the protection of its citizens and provision them with the conditions needed for their evolution and beneficial development. With this in mind, the creation of the efficient system that will be able to fulfill all peoples basic needs and guarantee their satisfaction with the existing conditions is crucial. Yet, Social Security could be considered one of the most important tasks of the government. In 1935, the President proclaimed that the state would obviously be able to protect people and given them jobs, insurance, etc. (Roosevelt, 1935). For this reason, the course on the improvement of social conditions was set. However, at the moment we see that the given goal has not been achieved yet. It is obvious that something has gone wrong. Analyzing the given sphere, it is possible to admit the fact that nowadays people are still not sure in their future and suffer from the lack of social guarantees. The given problem could be explained by several points. First, the government is more focused on the international affairs and spends the biggest part of the budget to support its troops and military bases all over the world. Moreover, we could observe the shift of priorities towards some material issues and pragmatic values. The era or dreamers and idealists has passed, and at the moment a state tends to earn money instead of devoting them to various social spheres. For this reason, it is possible to conclude that the shift of priorities towards the new purposes preconditioned the decrease of the importance of the given program and deprived people of an opportunity to feel protected and be sure in their future.
The team’s main project will involve branding a product. The product is a jewelry line that was previously being made in a local cottage industry. Following the success the jeweler had among the local community, she now wants to brand her products. This branding will be followed by a marketing campaign. The jeweler has contracted me to lead a small team that will be in charge of the branding process. The jeweler started making these products to be able to cope with the effects of the recession four years ago. Initially, her work was part time but it has since become full time. Because of the economic situation during the inception of the business, most of these products are lowly priced. By branding her products, the jeweler is hoping to raise the products’ stature. The jeweler is hoping to use my expertise to make sure that the branding transforms the market value of her products. Having been contracted for this project I proceeded to set up a creative team that would accomplish this task. Unfortunately, all the three people I requested were in different states. The budget set aside for this project would not be sufficient to gather the group in a central point. This is why we decided to collaborate virtually. Virtual collaboration seemed like a viable option because it saved costs and ensured none of the team members would have their social life disrupted by the project. All the three members are in different states across the country. Two of the members in this team are my former college mates while the third member is a former colleague. The virtual collaboration will encompass different platforms such as video conferencing, instant messaging, and audio conferencing among others. The project at hand might seem simple but it is actually very momentous. If the jeweler’s products are well branded, it might be a stepping-stone to a bigger market for her products. On the other hand, if the branding fails even the little progress made by the products could be reversed. The team’s first task will be to conduct intensive research on the jewelry market. The initial research will focus on the jewelry shops within this state. Then the research will explore online marketing options. After exploring these fundamentals, the research will then explore the impact this branding can have on the national and global markets. The latest research indicates that some of the most successful branding and marketing campaigns in recent times are the ones that had both originality and simplicity. However, originality does not translate to ignorance of market principles. This is why the research part of the project is very important. After this initial research, the group will embark on the real
On 26th March 2010, a South Korean navy ship with 104 personnel on board was reportedly sunk on the south coast of the yellow sea near the Baengnyeong Island killing 46 seamen. A joint expedition of South Korean, American, Britain, Sweden and Australian experts were deployed to the scene to investigate the cause of the Cheonan sinking. Although there were widespread rumors of the North Korean involvement in the incident, the South Korean government downplayed the allegations and opted to wait for the exclusive report of the investigation. On the other hand, North Korea denied any involvement in the sinking of the Cheonan and went ahead to issue threats to South Korean government if they considered carrying a revenge attack. On 20th May 2010 the joint investigating team tabled its report, concluding that the Cheonan was sunk by a North Korean torpedo that was launched from a midget submarine. The sinking of the ROKS Cheonan had occurred just a fortnight after the South Korean had a joint simulated exercise that was taunted as being the largest in the world to be carried simultaneously. The exercise had involved the largest number of soldiers estimated to be around 70,000 and an artillery force that ranged from the latest fighter jets and war ships to the largest number of submarines. According to some analysts, this joint military exercise on the Yellow Sea could have been the motive behind North Korea’s sinking the Chionan as it had previously condemned the exercise, terming it as an inversion of the west and its ally to attack the north. Effects of the Events between South And North Korea According to Branigan (Para 4) the consequence of the sinking of the ROKS Chionan in the coming days was dire as it brought the entire Korean peninsula into a brink of war. With increased counter allegation from both sides war was imminent. On November 23, 2010, While the South Korean navy was engaged in a regular military exercise in their own territorial waters in the south, the North Korean forces launched an assault on the south by launching 170 rockets and shells on the Island of Yeonpyeong, destroying both civilian and military installments, the death toll was four dead and 19 injured. The South Korean retaliated almost immediately by shelling the North’s strategic gun position and rendering the North Korean security system breached. This incident escalated the already tense situation in the Korean peninsula. The events that followed after the Yeonpyeong incident and the Cheonan sinking was catastrophic in terms of relations between the two Koreans. For instance the South Korean enforced a trade embargo to the North Koreans. According to Pritchard, Tilelli, and Snyder (19), this translated to economic loses as the North Korea ships were not allowed to use the South Korean’s docks and were denied way of passage. It was estimated that North Korea would lose almost $200
Fascism is a contentious subject that has attracted much scholarly debate. Many scholars contend that a regime that embraces fascism is despotic. Nonetheless, some despotic regimes never practice fascism. Fascism has generally been understood as an ideology or a system of ideologies. “Fascism can be defined as a system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism”. The 1880s are believed to have marked the onset of fascism. This was characterized by the fin de siècle theme which prevailed in this period. The fin de siècle theme was used to criticize materialism and rationalism. Moreover, they were against capitalist societies and positivism. Thus, they criticized the idea of liberal democracy. A significant aspect during the formulation of fascism was the merging of nationalism with the political right, while on the left there was sorelian syndicalism. As opposed to most of the leftist ideologies, sorelian syndicalism adopted an enlist perspective that working class morality was supposed to be elevated. The political left faced a division due to the merging of syndicalism with militaristic influences which occurred from 1907. This political division became entrenched in Italy where there was much influence between the nationalist and syndic lists. “Italian national syndic lists held a common set of principles: the rejection of bourgeois values, democracy, liberalism, Marxism, internationalism, and pacifism, and the promotion of heroism, vitalism, and violence”. Emergence of Hitler Adolf Hitler rose from a humble background and he emerged to be an influential leader in Europe during his reign. His rise formally began in late1919 in Germany, when he obtained membership of Nazi Party. The Nazi Party emerged and progressed after World War One. This party strongly criticized both the Marxist ideologies and the Weimar Republic that was based on democracy. In addition, the Versailles treaty was also opposed by the proponents of the Nazi Party. Consequently, this party embraced extreme nationalism. Hitler’s position was elevated in the Nazi Party during its initial formulation. He acted as the best spokes person of the party. The Nazis continuously gained prominence in the 1920s until the first period of the 1930s. When the Nazis finally assumed power, they developed a myth about their rise to authority. At the end of 1922, Hitler formed Jug end bund and Hitler Youth organizations, which later became prominent. A significant opportunity arose for Hitler when he organized a coup in early November 1923. The coup d’état flopped and he was finally tried for having engaged in treason. This coup attempt gave Hitler a national recognition. While in prison, he managed to consolidate his plans for political authority. The Nazi also used the Barmat Scandal as one of their strategies for elections. In 1929, a referendum was conducted in Germany. Fortunately, it w
Literature Review To proceed with the paper, it is first necessary to obtain an understanding of the common types of filtration media as well as the range of their applications. According to Imbabi and Peacock (2004), the most common materials for air filtration used today are cellular-based filters, such as foam or sponge, membranes, fibrous materials, and pulp. These media are used for the filtering of particles that range from atomic radius to fine sand, effectively covering the entire range. The most viable solution, however, is fiber since it has several key advantages, including low cost, utility, availability, and low flow velocity (Imbabi & Peacock 2004). The ventilated air is cleared of the harmful particulate matter (PM) while passing through the fiber filter. Thus, it can be expected that a higher ventilation rate will result in more efficient removal of the pollutants from indoor spaces. The mechanism of fiber filter operation is best described with the help of a single fiber theory. In the most basic terms, it allows calculating the flow field around a certain fiber by taking into account the combined effect of the nearby fibers (Imbabi & Peacock 2004). Aside from the atomic and electrostatic force, several key mechanisms are involved in the process that results in the trapping of a particle in a filter. The first is the capturing of a particle via direct contact with the fiber while following a streamline, known as a direct interception (Taylor, Webster & Imbabi 1998). Second, a particle may be captured by fiber as a result of its inertial deviation from a streamline, termed inertial deviation. Third, a particle can come in contact with fiber as a result of moving in Brownian motion, known as diffusion deposition (Taylor, Webster & Imbabi 1998). By extension, the straining or sieving of the particle, i.e., the situation where it is held by more than one fiber, is less likely in the air-filters with higher porosity. As can be seen, most of the particles’ behaviors within the filter can be relatively accurately described using the single fiber theory, since it offers the possibility to calculate the most important parameters of an effective filter, such as the size of fibers and particles, particle density, optimal porosity, and the efficiency of single fiber collection (Imbabi & Peacock 2004). Interestingly, in the dynamic insulation, the efficiency of particle collection has an inverse relationship with the air velocity. According to Taylor, Webster, and Imbabi (1998), lower air velocity increases the number of trapped particles less than one μm in diameter. Also, particles t
Introduction The Progressive Era in US history occurred in the early 20 th century, between 1900 and 1918, and comprised of a number of attempts to implement social and economic reforms in the country, to tackle the problems unleashed by industrialism, urbanization, and immigration. It was an era that consisted of a number of movements as members of the Democratic and Republic parties, as well as other third parties, tried to counter a multitude of problems that had resulted from events of the previous years. The movement was called “Progressive” because its advocates believed that their goals were forward-looking or progressive in nature. Background Towards the end of the 19 th century, the US saw a massive influx of immigrants. These immigrants were a source of cheap labor and they served to support the wave of industrialization prevalent at the time. They sought residence in thickly populated urban areas. Soon enough, political parties used the voting prowess of these immigrant families to further their own aims and objectives, and in return, helped them by providing employment, housing, or other financial assistance. These people often lived in abject housing conditions, with dismal sanitation facilities and little or no access to health care facilities. Child labor was also an issue of concern at this time as it was a very common practice in these immigrant communities (Brinkley, 1999). By the last decade of the 10 th century, the US business sector was witnessing large growth rates, and businesses had gained a lot of clouts, through which they monopolized the economy and exploited workers as well as ordinary citizens. Lack of government regulation and policies gave businesses a free hand to abuse. Corporations started becoming increasingly powerful and “robber barons” controlled all the rolling stock of the country, as well as other resources such as oil, coal, and all the farm produce which was delivered to the east. While farmers and ranchers grew their own crops and food, if they wanted to sell their produce at a profit, they would have to adhere to a fixed set price (Brinkley, 1999). The Progressives During this time a large number of people belonging predominantly to the middle class started raising their voice against these practices. Industrialization and availability of cheap labor had led to a monopolistic situation where large national corporations hoarded economic power and formed “trusts” to do away with chief competitors. Mergers reigned supreme as in the span between 1897 and 1904, 4,227 firms combined and became 257 corporations. The largest merger was the one in which U.S. Steel Corp, at one time the largest corporation in the world, was formed after the consolidation of nine other steel companies. The concentration of wealth and power was such that in 1904, 318 countries were responsible for 40 percent of the country’s manufacturing output and only one firm generated more tha
Several animals were depicted in ancient Mediterranean. In Greece, Egypt, Cyprus, Crete and other kingdoms in Persia, animals were depicted for various purposes and meanings. Depictions were in different forms of art. Most documented information in Egypt, Greece, Crete and Cyprus shows that animals were depicted mainly as statues and figurines. Some are common to all cultures while others are unique to one. In Egypt, animals living around Nile were depicted although many people had not seen them. Hunters occasionally saw and caught them while hunting. The most dominant animals in Egyptian depictions were falcon headed giraffes and leopards with long necks (Dunn, 2011). During the middle kingdom, dogs and monkeys were depicted on walls of tombs (homes) of high ranking officials in the kingdom (Edwards, 1977). Double headed bull was on some artifacts (Dunn, 2011). In Crete, several animals were depicted on walls. The most common animals included goats, monkeys and birds. Several bronze artifacts in Crete had depictions of lions. There were several animals depicted on seals in ancient Crete. Most seals had depictions of lions, cattle and monsters. Neopalian frescoes had depictions of lions and monkeys (Shapland, 2010). In his article, Kawani (1986) showed that the most common depictions in parts of Greece were large dogs, bulls and goats. Other common depicted animals were lions. Purposes of wild animals depictions in ancient Mediterranean Depictions on various surfaces had different purposes. The main purpose was to enhance religious connection with gods, and the dead. Sometimes depictions were used for aesthetic value. Others represent events or activities that had occurred. Some were done for intellectual reasons. During Predidynastic period in Egypt, luxury objects showing scenes of fantastic wild animals were made for royal kings and other prominent people. Depictions which represented prestige were made on ivory plagues and knives handles. In ancient Egypt, some depictions were done to create demonic ani