ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
There are many reasons behind immigration, men and women from different countries are usually motivated by the need for economic prosperity. Women, in their pursuit of better opportunities experience challenges related to barriers that exist in regards to immigration matters. The aim of this paper is to examine women’s situation in regard to immigration and ethnic relations. Government migration policies and traditional gender expectations are often against the emigration of women. The regulations placed discriminate against women oriented occupations in the home countries. In the host countries, women are effectively locked out by policies that negatively target family reunification. In addition to the issues stated earlier, women eventually migrate via human traffickers who often exploit them sexually. This underscores the challenges that women face, especially those women who emigrated alone. Furthermore, after those challenges women are often have to engage in exploitative, semi skilled and sometimes sexually abusive jobs. Indeed, the demand for female sexual emigrants has gone high causing physical and emotional losses to women who got in sexually abusive jobs. The benefits of emigration may seem to be positive and varied but upon a closer look a dirty underbelly is revealed. Upon immigration, women have the chance to engage in economic activities that lead to raised economic status. Consequently, improved economic status leads to raised social profiles hence women get power to demand equality from men. This may be regarded as female liberation in regard to immigrant women. However, taking into consideration the low paid, unskilled and often exploitative or abusive jobs available in host countries, the justification of female liberation is untenable. Men often enjoy considerable privileges due to traditional gender expectations in many countries. When emigrated married women get good jobs and provide the families, they often have less time for household responsibilities and thus, these responsibilities are shared between wife and husband. Hence, it is hard for men to accept changed domestic roles in their families. They may therefore resist efforts to bring gender equality resulting into double responsibilities and frustra
Introduction The Soviet surveillance system can be traced back to the Bolshevik revolution when leftist figures dethroned an interim democratic regime, replacing it with a new political culture – socialism – in a bid to mold a new society. Faced with increasing popular opposition, the revolutionaries led by Vladimir Lenin reorganized the intelligence system, bringing it under military control to deal with political enemies and dissidents. The consolidation reached new heights when the Communist Party was formed, and Stalin took power. A conspiratorial culture took root where the party elite implemented nonmarket economic reforms without involving the people. To achieve this goal, a vast intelligence-gathering system was necessary. This paper analyzes the Soviet domestic surveillance, including its operations, the initiatives launched, institutions involved, informant recruitment, and its successes. Soviet Domestic Surveillance Operations The formation of the Soviet intelligence apparatus was necessary following Russia’s annexation of new territories forming the Union. The goal was to gather information for the authoritarian regime about the local political-military situation in the annexed lands. In the 1939-1940 period, the Soviet’s premier intelligence agency, the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), infiltrated the Ukrainian population with communist agents, as it lacked a surveillance network locally (Gaufman 77). In this regard, the NKVD was quite efficient in obtaining information that helped launch successful incursions on new territories. In Poland, Ukraine, and Belorussia, the agency studied the political and social landscape and organized its personnel before military invasions. Special surveillance teams were established with the task of espionage on the political figures, creating administrative units in Red Army occupied zones and detention of counterrevolutionary activists (Lenihan 5). Thus, small operational groups comprising soldiers were formed to target individuals instead of communism for arrest and detention in Soviet prisons. In the Baltic territories, the surveillance lasted about nine months before they were annexed; the NKVD sent agents to Estonian and Latvian missions to gather information to facilitate occupation (Brechtken et al. 39). Dat
Introduction Costa Coffee is a leading coffee brand in the UK. This company delivers exceptional quality of products because of effective marketing approaches and innovative solutions in production. Still, if Costa Coffee delivers low quality products it would lead to decreased revenue, decreased number of repeat users and termination of relations with partners. Quality influences all areas the company operates in. Areas in which the firm’s value performance is deficient need to be targeted for improvement, focusing resources where most effective. Designing for producibility so as to achieve a cost reduction through a coordinated effort between R&D and manufacturing; analyzing and addressing the environmental impact of the firm’s product, processes and philosophy, and reducing set up times to improve volume flexibility are some of the actions that suggest themselves. Customer inputs would be invaluable in assessing, at the very least, how capably the firm meets their important needs (Crosby, 2005). Main body Poor quality of products would lead to decreased number of buyers/ Corporations could, within reason, reap the benefits of emulating nature. Pursuing a single-minded strategy of delivering and enhancing value to customers in a given product through continuous and rapid adaptation to customer needs could prove successful if the external environment does not turn nasty. The extreme uncertainty that prevails in many business environments and the possibility of rapid, unforeseeable change makes diversification, the equivalent of variation, an attractive course of action. After all, in business managers often create parts of our environment, customers being an example, which is rare in the ecological context. In fact, the concept of a customer, or the lack thereof, clouds many analogies of business to the natural sciences unless one views the customer as our entire planet, for whose overall benefit all species exist and compete. However, as long as firms stay within the confines of an environment, part or all of which is familiar to them, providing product variations and responding to changing demands, the ecological model appears to be a fairly sound parallel. Undoubtedly, customer needs must be discovered and fulfilled (Costa Coffee Home Page 2010’ Feigenbaum, 2004). Poor quality would have a negative impact on brand image and relations with partners. It could damage company’s international reputation and recognition. Firms that try to deliver value in different countries with little or no attempt to build on value capabilities previously accumulated elsewhere are, in effect, like conglomerates whose different products have no conscious value relationship to one another. And just as conglomerates, so to speak, devalue a firm’s mission to it
Introduction Cinema/film industry has become a very conspicuous form of mass entertainment. The extent of cinema’s popularity, influence, and proliferation has been phenomenal. Artistic expression and development via technological expediency has made it an unequaled facet of the arts in the 20 th century. Films have a social as well artistic function. Although the demand for imaginative entertainment is at an all time high, interest in the realities of the world is also on the rise. Documentaries address this interest. They are comprised of real people, world events, places, and social conditions – documenting history, reality. British film maker, John Grierson first coined the term in 1926. Prior to 1926, such films were referred to as “actuality” films and came on the scene at the turn of the 20 th century as well. German filmmaker, Leni Riefenstahl’s Triumph of the Will (1935) catapulted the documentary as mode of propaganda designed to specifically argue a point and influence public opinion. To this day this remains true. From this milieu Academy Award-winning American independent filmmaker, liberal political commentator, and author, Michael Moore arose. Moore’s cadre of successful documentaries includes – Bowling for Columbine, Fahrenheit 911, and Sicko . Moral outrage with a twist of humor, sarcasm, and irony encompasses his unique style. Main body Moore catapulted onto the scene in 1989 with the controversial documentary Roger and Me which embodied a new form of documentary in terms of interpretive control. Roger and Me examines the economic devastation experienced by the Flint, Michigan residents resulting from the closing of several General Motor (GM) auto plants – a summary decision made by then President and CEO, Roger B. Smith, now deceased. New plants were opened in Mexico and workers were paid less while the city of Flint Michigan was left economically devastated and over 30,000 people lost their jobs. “ Roger and Me” in autobiographical in nature as evidenced by the opening scenes which feature Moore’s archival family movies on 8mm. They echo the profound influence the automotive industry had on Moore’s family (parents and grandfather former GM employees) and the majority of Flint residents. Escaping factory life as a young man, Moore does a brief stint at a San Francisco magazine only to return to Flint at the commencement of Smith’s decision. From that point the film traverses through the closings’ devastating impact on family, friends, and residents. Moore confronts Smith in the climax of the film only to be met with insensitivity and denial. Conclusion Moore’s portrayal of what happened in Flint ex
By definition, an interprofessional partnership is a power-sharing collaboration between health and social care persons in medical education, research, practice, and organization, for the purpose of achieving the best results. The need for effective collaboration is seen in the treatment of chronic diseases. While the role of physicians in a patient’s recovery cannot be emphasized enough, full recovery requires a level of patient involvement that is very hard to facilitate without nursing human resources. Collaboration between these two medical directions has shown to result in the care of better quality, as well as a positive response from the patient. Additionally, nurse-led medical teams have proven to be effective at optimizing expenses, while maintaining comfortable capacity (Jacobson, 2012, p. ii). In my experience, interprofessional collaborations have had a very positive effect on organizational healthcare. Full, symbiotic collaboration between nurses, physicians, regulators, and patients with their families is vital for getting efficient client-centered health care. It positively impacts such issues as patient waiting time and safety, human resource planning, primary health care and general well-being of both the patients and the medical staff. The latter can deal better with workloads, with an improved, but less straining, patient workflow, and can defer responsibilities to the suitable members of the team or share the responsibility where their areas of expertise overlap. There are some difficulties in making this system work. Different professions rely on distinct value systems. Nurses and physicians, for example, might be aiming for different outcomes in their line of work. One of the main struggles of interprofessional collaboration is to remove barriers between people of different medical professions, achieve a common perspective of issues at hand and learn to trust and respect others on their team (Flicek, 2012, p.385) Staff members from different medical spheres are often conditioned during their training to be self-sufficient and to focus communication on their colleagues and patients in their care. However, patients can have very diverse needs and often require specialized professional care. Due to different self-images and responsibilities, t
The demographics in Merced, CA Merced in California is found in the valley of San Joaquin. During the census in the year 2010, the population was 78958 and operated under government headed by council manager in the city of charter. Its name originated from river Merced that is found nearby and is located at a distance of utmost 2 hours when using automobile from the national park of Yosemite, near Pacific Ocean. Amtrak is a rail that serves the passengers in the community as well as airline and bus lines. It is located 180 kilometers away from Sacramento, 210 kilometers away from San Francisco. Merced has recreational facilities such as zoo and Applegate Park as well as stage theatre (Ggudykunst, 2003). At school, students are able to understand one another, their background, where they reside in a multicultural as well as multiethnic environment. Public schools are diverse and there is increased demand to get effective and better ways to succeed in their academics and appreciate one another. The challenge that most teachers get is ensuring that instructions are responsive culturally without favor or discrimination. Proactive approach considers creating positive surrounding where teachers as well as students have respect for different backgrounds. Classrooms, which are structured, have highlighted diversity, where teaching is structured in a way to cater for various perspectives. For example, during a lesson of history, attention is given to citizens of North and South Vietnam, feelings of soldiers and Americans diverse views. Diverse Group discussions are formed with activities that ensure every student contribute and participate actively, whic
Entrepreneurship has taken a new turn with the onset of industrialization and computerization. Long before the introduction of these two, entrepreneurship was a less common word that was limited to the business-oriented individuals. The introduction of social sites has seen a major breakthrough in the field of entrepreneurship (Abrahamson 1997). Social sites have facilitated easy advertisement and access to millions of prospective customers across the globe. One such social site that has contributed to the tremendous growth of entrepreneurship over the last few years is Twitter. This report will look at the advantages and limitations of Twitter as far as its technological configuration of providing an open source arena and limiting messages to one hundred and forty characters is concerned. Countless entrepreneurs have found marketing their products and services via Twitter as a viable means of advertisement. Indeed, hundreds of opportunities are advertised daily on twitter for both buyers and sellers. Twitter has enabled entrepreneurs and other business organizations to acquire loyal customers (Amit and Zott 2001). In the same manner, buyers have been able to find sellers of their choice through the social site. Therefore, twitter has been of great significance to not only the entrepreneurs, but to the buyers as well. The use of Twitter has been favoured by the entrepreneurs for various reasons. First and foremost, Twitter’s “Re-tweet” feature helps to spread the information faster as compared to other social networks (Scott 1991). This feature enables entrepreneurs to reach millions of prospective clients in a few minutes. This is especially possible where the entrepreneurs have huge numbers of followers (Leinhardt 1977). The original tweet by the entrepreneurs can be re-tweeted by their followers and their followers’ followers and the chain continues. Eventually, the original information released by the
Introduction In June 2007, Sheffield experienced two spells of exceptionally heavy rainfall. This resulted in unprecedented events in the city and the evacuation of a number of properties and people. At Weston Park Museum in Sheffield, the meteorological department recorded 118 mm of rainfall between 13th and 14thof June and 88mm between 24th and 25th June. This resulted in saturation of the ground, in turn causing massive flooding in Barnsley and Sheffield in the mornings after mainly from surface run-off that overwhelmed the existing drainage systems. By the end of the month, the floods had damaged about four thousand personal property and more than one thousand business premises. The South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue were overwhelmed by the floods, and the havoc caused, and reinforcement was provided by the military personnel. In total, the floods caused significant financial losses and damage to the environment (Tinsley & Pillai, 2006). This paper will evaluate environmental management and management systems, examine international environmental concerns such as the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, and many others. The paper will also identify and analyze the relevant regulatory frameworks and assess the new technologies and approaches to environmental management in relation to the events that took place in Sheffield. Environmental management and management systems The environment is an integral part of our day to day life. The air we breathe, the water we drink, and all that surrounds us make our environment. The importance of taking care of the environment can never be overemphasized. Governments, local authorities, organizations, and individuals have realized the importance of protecting the environment. This has been christened “environment management.” Many organizations have come up with comprehensive structures, programs, policies, and other resources to manage the environment. The organized management of these environmental programs in a well-planned format is referred to as the Environmental Management System (EMS). In general terms, the environment management system entails the formulation of structures by an organization or government that aims to tackle any challenges or negative impacts on the environment that may arise from undertakings by the organization or government, their products, or services. The environment management system follows a definite model that involves developing a policy on related environmental issues, followed by a clear plan that allows flexibility in terms of reviewing and improving the system and implementation of the program (Tinsley & Pillai, 2006). The EMS basically serves as a guide in an effort to improve the performance of the environment, in a well-outlined formula developed by an agency or government. Through the system, governments and organizations aim to address any concerns related to the environment by setting apart resources to handle the environmental-related resources. An effective environmental management system adopted by an organization should inculcate the culture o
The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 was put into action on the 13th of February in 2008. This Act was passed by Congress in an attempt to make provisions for many types of aid to the declining economic conditions. As such, the main goals were to create conditions that would stimulate the economy while overall the economy could certainly avoid a further recession or serious depression. The stimulus package was originally passed by the United States House of Representatives a couple of weeks before the Economic Stimulus Act was passed. The package was changed in minor ways before approval. Demand from the majority of the Democratic and Independent parties played a strong role in the speed of this process, while a smaller demand from the Republican party also had some effect. The Act allows for new tax rebates to be issued to low and middle-income earning taxpayers, as well as several tax incentives for favorable conditions in business investing. Furthermore, the law creates a raise in the limits created in mortgages eligible for buying through enterprises sponsored by the government. This bill was estimated to cost $152 billion for 2008. While many hoped this bill would have a significant impact on the credit crisis, the current view is that it will not have a significant impact, and further changes are needed so these economic stimuli can positively affect the credit crisis. Many demands are evident in today’s economic world. On the top of the list in priorities is the demand for organizations to distance themselves from the conductive method of the following direction to a more focused overall development of traditional business processes. The way which this will occur in the business world in the present situation seems to involve more of an ability to adapt to the changing conditions rather than pure strength and resolve. The stimulus intentions put into action by the government have been helping since they have been in motion however they have yet to create serious positive changes in the business world. Many do not foresee this occurring shortly for business or credit-mind
Introduction Businesses try to use terms, labels, and designs that are distinct from other products produced by their competitors. Branding is an intangible asset for companies. Most of them now realise that a business venture requires branding to succeed. Numerous researches have gone into branding including its effectiveness on consumer choice, effective ways of doing it, and the various outcomes it has. However, there exists a knowledge gap in the consumer effects of branding for the various manufactured products. There has been the suspicion that branding has an influence on the consumer choice. This aspect has always been assumed as a positive relationship. This knowledge raises the question of how branding affects consumer choice. This paper looks at the concept of branding, the methods involved, and its exact effect on consumer purchasing choices. Branding and consumer choice Branding influences the decision of consumers in the selection of products made by different organisations or businesses. In a study done on the purchase decisions of about 20,000 consumers in five different industries, the results showed that consumers used four stages in their decision-making before choosing a product (Court, et al., 2009, p.8). These stages included consideration, evaluation, and buying with the rest being enjoying, advocating, and bonding (Court, et al., 2009, p.8). In the first one, a consumer makes a consideration of products based on the mindset gained via advertisements, friends, or other avenues of product marketing. In the second step, consumers evaluate products by seeking advice from friends, peers, retailers, competitors on the product, and reviewers among other sources. This aspect means that consumers add more brands to their selections with some of the originally considered brands being discarded as consumers learn more. Branding finds an effect here with most consumers choosing brands deemed as appropriate. In buying, consumers can be convinced by the brand with those brands deemed familiar being preferred. After purchasing the product, consumers often do an online research on the product. If it pleases them, they continue with the verbal advertisement to their friends and colleagues. This topology is however consistent with positive relationships with only a few negative relationships. Consumer response to branding Another research done on the effects of branding on consumer decision-making evaluated the relationship between customers and a specific brand (Fournier, 1998, p.360). The researcher compared the customer’s brand relationship by the use of metaphors such as “arranged marriages, marriage of convenience, best friends, compartmentalised friendship, casual friends, kinship, courtship, enmities, childhood friendships, flings, and secret affairs” (Fournier, 1998, p.365). Aaker et al (2004, p.23) did a study on the relationship between consumers