ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Social networking tools have played a pivotal role in helping to revolutionarise online marketing. They allow marketers to examine consumers’ purchasing behaviour. Consequently, marketers are in a better position their products/service according to the needs of the consumers. This not only increases their sales revenue, but it also increases consumer loyalty. The research paper shall examine social networking and online market. To start with, the research paper shall attempts to explore the process of consumer buying behaviour and the various stages that a consumer undergoes while making a purchase decision. The research paper has also document the results of an interviewed conducted between an Experiential and a Goal- Oriented Online Buyer according to the steps of purchase behaviour. The growth of e-commerce industry in Scandinavia has also been explored, as well as the impact that the various social media applications (for example, Twitter, Facebook, Foursquare and Goodzer, among others) on the online market. Consumer Behaviour & the Buying Process Before a consumer makes the decision to purchase a product or service, he/she goes through several steps of the purchasing process. A lot psychological construct is involved in such a decision-making process. In other words, what this means is that in as far as we may not be in a position to physically “see” a decision, nonetheless, we are still able to deduce observable behaviours that acts as a proof to us that indeed a decision has been arrived at. The process of consumer buying behaviour is therefore a fundamental component of any purchase decision and as such, there is need to appreciate the various steps of this process. They include:  1. Identification of the problem.  2. Search for informat
Introduction Health and wellbeing holds a very critical importance in each of us. This importance is only recognisable when we face threat of a potential loss of wellbeing, mobility, or life itself. The ‘rule of rescue’ that we place on our family members, and the community at large means that there is a moral imperative to invest in the wellbeing of known individuals (Sigh & Coble 1999). Health consumes a considerable portion of our national budget. Nevertheless, it generates a significant proportion of economic activity employing over 7.3% of the population. On the other hand, it underpins our economy making it a highly contentious and political issue at the time of election. Despite the important role of the health system, other sectors like education and employment are equally important and influence the status of a country’s health and wellbeing. The health of our populations and the health systems have continued to improve to prevent, diagnose, and treat. The concern of Australian government is to meet the growing healthcare needs with the limited resources. The Australian health system is under pressure. It is under a constellation of problems and gaps harassing the health care system. This is a critique to a report by the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission (2009): A Healthier Future for all Australians. The paper looks at several areas of the proposed plan, which I feel are inadequate. A System Out Of Balance: Challenges Illnesses Disease tops the rank of biggest of Australian health problems. Lifestyle and chronic diseases have become more common. In the year 2004-2005, 77% of Australians were suffering from at least one long term health related condition. More than 70% of the health sector spending is consumed by chronic conditions (Spiegel & Hyman, 1991). The health sector has always been skewed towards the management of sickness rather than encouragement of wellness. Nationally coordinated mechanism to deliver health promotion services to a margin required to influence the cost of chronic diseases are lacking (Singh, Hinze, & Coble, 1999). Workplaces’ role in support of healthy employees is ignored. Level playing field for funding of community based activities and allied healthcare is not maintained. Tension between Private and Public Provision The existence of competitive tension between the private and the public hospitals in the provision lack balance. Patients have to wait for many days in private hospitals as the credibility of public hospitals wane. Health System Is Provider Focussed Than Patient Focussed In the current system, it is the patient who has the role of seeking multiple health professionals. The professionals should instead act as a team and practise together to provide care around the whole needs of a person. A Disjunction between Service Provision, Teaching and Research Provision of health care, teaching, and research cause a misunderstanding between corporate and clinical responsibilities of hospitals. Balancing between the three facets of the health system leaves their budget strained while service providers have to balance between being teachers and their patient obligations (Lewis, 2003). Ineq
Introduction The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a major player in the stress response system and activation of this axis in response to stressors results in the release of adrenaline and glucocorticoids. This allows individuals to prepare for a “fight-or-flight” response and adequately cope with the stressor. However, studies have shown that different individuals vary in their responses to stress, and some are more susceptible to stress-related disorders than others. Strang and colleagues (2008) reported that women are more prone to mood and anxiety disorders than men this is because they produce more stress hormones than men. This is due to various factors which include biological factors, social and psychological factors. Some of the biological factors manifest themselves in situations like; postpartum, premenstrual and pregnancy periods. Among the social factors, women’s role strain in society and also abuses have been seen to be one of the major causes of stress. And at the same time, they found that older subjects (30-55) displayed higher stress response levels compared to a younger age group (18-30), through measurements of anxiety, hostility, and depression. Past studies measuring the different responses in humans have relied on changes in plasma cortisol levels. This hormone is involved in stress and anxiety responses and through negative feedback in the HPA axis, cortisol levels are regulated by CRH and ACTH to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation in cortisol levels has been linked to psychia
E-recruitment refers to use of the electronic platform such as the Internet to hire new employees. E-recruitment has changed the way human resources managers undertake their profession in the contemporary era, as it has led to improved proficiency and effectiveness in recruitment efforts, as compared to conventional methods of recruitment. The advantages of e-recruitment include affordability to the applicant, promptness as curriculum vitaes are processed speedily hence vacancies are filled faster, reduced subjective hiring, and e-recruitment is not limited by geographic features. Despite the success of e-recruitment in human resources efforts, the strategy has experienced several drawbacks such in security and privacy issues, high cost to small companies, accessibility to some individuals and usability in hiring high-level management employees. According to this article, e-recruitment is projected to influence the hiring process of many organisations in the future. Several surveys listed in this article indicate that, in the future, use of e-recruitment will go beyond mere online recruitment because e-recruitment will encompass online assessment of prospective job applicants, organisations will be searching for potential job candidates online and there will be software that will automatically screen job applicants without the intervention of people. Similar to any electronic-based application, e-recruitment’s greatest threat is privacy and security. For e-recruitment to work, applicants are required to fill their personal information such as emails, names, date of birth, financial information in the form of bank account details, age and nationality. If this information were to fall into the wrong hands, malicious people would use it to steal the identity of other people or send malicious emails that contain computer viruses and malwares to their computers. Expert warn that issues on security and privacy of personal information given by millions of job applicants to recruitment websites remain the most troubling issues in e-recruitment. Discussion Question and Answer What Are the Challenges Related With E-Recruitment Despite the substantial benefits associated with e-recruitment, various organisations face many challenges linked to this human resource strategy. Some of the difficulties faced by organisations encompass issues on implementation of e-recruitment, challenges with the technology besides challenges in adapting e-recruitment structures to meet the specific needs of the staffing process. Additional difficulties comprise lack of assimilation of e-recruitment structures to current human resources schemes. A typical trouble that has been identified with e-recruitment, relates to e-recruitment acceptability to a wider range of interviewees. In some situations, some applicants prefer to use conventional methods of applying for jobs such as letters instead of modern e-recruitment structures, which are in the form of emails and the Internet. Nonetheless, with the increasing acceptability of e-recruitment processes, this
Aviation has become an extremely diversified business area, as it determines the division of the audience by segment. First of all, price and route are markers of companies’ diversification, which must adapt their strategic planning accordingly. Gold Airways (GA) specializes in mid-range flights in the underdeveloped tourism Asian part of Russia. Consequently, their fleet should consist of narrow-body aircraft of the Airbus family. Providing fast service of equipment at the airport and launching passengers into the cabin will allow one to efficiently manage finances and increase the number of flights, which will reduce the price of tickets. GA is a promising startup as it offers a competent business model for Russian travelers who do not live in Moscow or St. Petersburg. Russia’s vast territory determines the benefits in its division into service areas, while Siberia remains undeveloped in the tourist context. GA specializes in mid-range flights, eliminating aircraft with over 200 seats. The advantage of the four hubs is using one type of equipment, namely the Airbus A320. This type of aircraft allows one to fly both short distances and serve the entire territory of Russia. For example, the flight range will enable routes such as Moscow-Irkutsk-Khabarovsk to be connected using only hubs. The feasibility of such a decision is supported by large low-cost companies such as AirAsia and EasyJet (Slotnick, 2020). Affordable prices will also become the basis for tourism development in Siberia and the Far East. It was noted that the presence of low-cost companies at airports improves their activities and speeds up the processes of servicing machinery and passengers (Mandić et al., 2017). Thus, GA’s business model will satisfy the audience segment and make their travels more comfortable and affordable. GA will be able to stimulate the development of tourism in the Asian part of Russia due to hubs’ competent use. The Airbus A320 is a suitable vehicle for servicing the entire country. Besides, studies have shown an increased attractiveness of airports with the availability of low-cost airlines. Thus, passenger satisfaction will be achieved by quickly servicing the aircraft on the ground and increasing the routes from hubs.
The challenges facing organizations dealing in global business in modern times is no less different than what traders and business communities have been experiencing from time immemorial. On the one side is customer satisfaction and on the other is competition within their peers to win the clients while all the time keeping an eye to profits. Global business started long ago when on foot, horseback and over the waves the traders took the message of one place of the world to another in the form of goods. The items from strange lands and the accompanying tales led to the conquering armies to foray forth and fill up the pages of history. It is the trading community that has led the way 1 . With the debut of the industrial revolution the movement did not basically change – it remained the same but things began to move faster covering bigger regions. This led to the technological advanced countries setting up colonies in the East. They took the raw material from these places, fed it into their mills employing their own labour and then shipped it back to the markets of the colonies. With more technological development making its debut with the computer age the world has become a smaller place and business too although retaining its basic character of making profits has changed and the environment is different 2 . Business tactics Here comes in the issue of global business strategy. It is different from the national one as factors like standardization and adaptation of products comes in. Differentiation of product together with diversification is of relevance in both global and national business strategies. Competition is stiffer both nationally and internationally 3 . The business tactics have surfaced making the domestic firms take on an international complexion – establishing its niche because of the uniqueness of its product while making the standard common across the globe. Due to the immensity of the global market the price of each becomes cheaper thanks to the volume of trade. It is taken for granted that human needs are the same across the world with differences due to geography and climate 4 . Automobile sector To understand the challenges faced by modern organizations it is best to study the automobile sector in America that has fallen down flat because of openin
Introduction Prostitution is considered to be the oldest profession. In different times there were women who offered their bodies and pleasure to men. However, the meaning and the attitude to prostitution has always been different. Nowadays, prostitutes are women who provide people with sexual pleasure, however, there were times when to be a prostitute was an art, prostitutes were the most educated women and were praised by some men more than their counselors. Prostitution as the profession has revolutionized having become a simple satisfaction of the sexual desire, however, in the Middle Ages prostitution was a more responsible and valuable profession with the presentation of many freedoms to prostitutes while women were restricted in many social spheres. The belief that prostitution is a dirty profession is not correct as people are to know the history of this occupation to judge the issue. Critical engagement with the film using class materials and academic sources Prostitution is a profession based on sexuality and women of all times wanted to have a great look when chose this occupation. However, to become prostitutes in the Middle Ages women had to work harder than now. Nowadays, beauty and the opportunity to bring pleasure for men are the main criteria for a prostitute. However, several centuries before a prostitute had to be educated, she had to be able not only to bring pleasure, but to seduce a man, to make him dependant. Watching the movie Dangerous Beauty , the history of the prostitution may be studied. This movie is a story about one of the greatest prostitutes whose actions once saved Venice, whose mental abilities were great and this was her main weapon, not the sexuality. Paola Franco, the mother of Veronica Franco, the greatest courtesan, said the following, “Courtesans, my dear, are the most educated women in the world… Desire begins in the mind. Cleopatra, Theodocia, she could seduce a man at twenty paces, without revealing an inch of flesh”. The value of courtesans was higher the wiser a woman was. Sexuality was important as well, however, this was not the most important aspect as each woman is beautiful if she cares about herself. The movie under consideration, Dangerous Beauty, shows the life of those who were lucky to have rich lovers, this is a story about pain of a woman who loves but cannot become a wife of a man she loves. The prostitution in this movie is presented as something sacred and acceptable. However, to show the attitude of another part of the society, the final scene of the inquisition is shown. Watch
Introduction The business realm across the world has been undergoing enormous transformations and one of the foremost changes in the entrepreneurship sector is the emergence of technological advancements (Evans & McKee, 2010). Modern technologies have been integral in supporting the growth and development of rapturous networking activities and Social Media (SM) has presently become one of the main issues in the business paradigm. Social media platforms, which comprise the actively consumed websites that are enhanced by the advent of the net 2.0 technologies, have been significantly influential in major business undertakings. Social Media Marketing (SMM) is a modern marketing technique that uses social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, LinkedIn, and Google+ among other social networks (Neti, 2011). The use of social media marketing strategies is increasingly becoming viral across the world, thus becoming renowned as viral marketing. This study examines the overall impact of SMM on modern entrepreneurship. Reasons behind the popularity of SMM Marketing as a business strategy entails activities such as advertisement, announcement, promotion, and these marketing components require effective communication. As one of the best contemporary innovations, social networks are exceedingly becoming the focal point of human social interaction, thus presenting unique entrepreneurial experiences (Evans & McKee, 2010). Social media is one of the modern communication tools that have recently proven to be powerful in influencing both informal and formal communication, where millions of potential consumers interact freely. Having the ability to engage consumers in an active interaction where sharing of information is effectual through powerful technological devices, social media is gradually receiving attention from businesses of all sizes. Social media platforms currently tend to associate with flexibility, effectiveness, convenience, and efficiency in business communication where investors are capable of sharing important information with their stakeholders, who include potential business clients (Bailyn, 2012). By using social networks in business communication, flexibility is
At least once in his or her life everyone was occupied by the thought of whether something that happens in their life or other people’s lives is what they have deserved or not. It is a common problem nowadays that laborious and successful pupils do not get the scholarship to study at universities while children of rich and influential parents get their places without any hardship; or the way salary is distributed in large companies where top managers do not work but only get tremendous sums to live in luxury, and workers of lower levels work day and night to be able at least to provide for their living and family. Surely, there is much injustice in our world, and nobody will argue this fact, but the question is in what would be if everything were equal and all people got merit and desert according to their deeds. Who would be responsible for the distribution of merit and desert? What would be the measure of deeds that would signify the extent to which merit or desert would be given to a person? Even in such a seemingly beneficial situation for all people who are worth something in their lives the ideal world that supposedly could exist is likely to cause many ethical and moral challenges under the situation of equality. The clear example is provided by Pojman (1999) when discussing the car accident with both drivers getting equal trauma – he states that in the ideal world: “even if everyone has clear knowledge of the facts, it would be morally outrageous to give preferential treatment to the innocent victim. The right to equal treatment trumps desert” (p. 85). Even under the equal conditions for everyone nobody has the right to cancel the institutional desert because it is a paradox in itself. On the one hand, it prescribes everyone to get what she or he deserves – what they have earned or what they have got according to their attempt. Nobody will argue this fact because it is the law of nature – everyone works to get something, and getting it is the natural right to which he or she is entitled. But on the other hand people are entitled to the right of heritage, and even the laziest and the silliest people will get the heritage of their parents or spouses – who can argue this right, and who will decide whether they are worth this heritage or not? There is hardly any authority in the world that would dare to take over such a responsibility. The thought of Pojman (1999) is clear and straight – in the world that he offers everything should be done logically, and the procedure of distributing merit and desert seems absolutely reasonable: “Rewarding good works encourages further good works and punishment deters bad actions. By recognizing and rewarding merit, we promote efficiency and welfare” (p. 89). Thus, as we see, the key word and the key purpose is efficiency – but as Pojman (1999) shows further on, if merit is distributed ob the basis of utility, then punishment should also be distributed the same way, and in this case innocent people may be