ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Observations For this assignment, I visited and observed the population within a large clothing shop. This shop contained several vendors of popular and expensive clothing brands specializing in men and women clothes. I have attended the place from 5 to 6 PM, during a working day. The shop had a cheerful commercial atmosphere to it, with plenty of artificial lighting, mirrors, and other reflective surfaces placed to make the establishment and the products look better. The majority of the customers were white men and women aged between 18 and 35, with women population being prevalent. Black and Hispanic populations were non-prevalent. Some of the customers had children with them. The majority of the customers were of medium to high economic standing, which enabled them to shop at the clothing shop, as the prices there were somewhat high. Social Rules The two social rules that many people in the shop were following were rules on masculinity and femininity as well as rules on employee behavior. Gender roles were particularly obvious among male customers. While female customers were equally present in shops dedicated to both men and women, and freely shopped for what they liked, the majority of male customers avoided to even look at clothing assortments meant for women, visiting shops dedicated strictly to men clothing instead. Another interesting observation is that the selection of clothes available to men was significantly smaller than that available to women. It was particularly restrictive in regards to color. While women shops offered a wide palette of colors, men shops were largely restricted to white, black, gray, green, blue, and brown colors, with occasional red or orange thrown into the mix. Men shops seem to be reinforcing the stereotype that bright colors are “unmanly.” Rules regarding employee behavior, on the other hand, were largely practiced by the vendors within the shops. Vendors are expected to be tidy and neat, polite, courteous, helpful, and to always smile in order to make their customers feel welcome. Virtually every employee I encountered in the shop followed these rules. While it made them more efficient and made them fit into the societal matrix of human behavior, it also robbed them of any shred of personality, as employees looked, talked, and acted in exactly the same manner. Sociological Concepts The two sociological concepts that I observed in practice during this exercise were gender norms and emotional labor concepts. Gender norms are mechanisms developed by societies throughout the course of human history, which still affect the lives of many men and women today. Although initially, these concepts served a purpose of ensuring the survival of the community and species as a whole (men had
Introduction Face recognition is the procedure by which the brain and intellect realizes and deduce the face, chiefly the human face. The face is a significant site for the classification of other people and expresses essential societal data. Possibly due to the significance of its role in communal contacts, mental procedures comprised in face recognition are known to exist from birth, to be multifaceted, and to involve large and broadly allocated spheres in the brain. These fractions of the brain can be injured to cause an explicit destruction in realizing faces known as prosopagnosia. Whilst there is no matter that the mainstream of face recognition capabilities enhanced by matures are not present in babies, there is verification of an inborn propensity to pay awareness to faces from
Chindia is a trading block between India and China. This trading block has hitherto been used by the two countries as a market where they exchange their different types of products and services. India is a country with the worlds’ history of having the highest number of programmers while China boasts of sophisticated use of technology in production. The two countries have the advantage of a good market supported by an ever-rising population. (Mohan 2009) China and India are regarded as the emerging economic powerhouse in the Asian continent. With the growing business demand in the Middle East countries, Chindia is strategically placed to unleash its potential. According to the Australian business press, the recent economic growth achieved was a result of the relationship between itself and the two countries i.e. China and India (Mohan, 2009). Chindia has been, on a steady growth despite the 2008 global financial crisis that hit on most doors of big economies this can be explained by: Middle and long-term development plans every five years. These plans are flexible and can be changed according to the development phases. A country that sets its development goals over time and reviews them to determine whether they are still effective or not will ever prosper. This acts as a mechanism for change if a plan is perceived to be subjective or obsolete it’s corrected immediately (Mohan, 2009). Implementing and opening external relationships with the outside world Businesses that want to seek international market opportunities should first remove the trade barrier by opening up to work with outsiders. This will pave way for future productivity. A productive nation is ever prosperous. China and India have outstanding commercial links with so many countries in the world from where they can exchange potential products. China and India have relevant experiences gained through deepening their reforms and opening up by solving complicated regional cases; this has enabled them to solve the domestic as well as foreign cases to maximize their economic gains (Mohan, 2009). China believes in a theory that coordinated policies in market-oriented forms are strategic. It solves the problem of inequality in different societies. This has ensured that the gap between the rich and the poor keeps on shrinking to the lowest level. In poo
Introduction The objective of the paper is to provide insightful research on how to make use of the Microsoft speech recognition engine. The paper also provides the advantages and advantages of this program. The Microsoft offers speech recognition engine, which is the mainstream of latest technology that enhance speech application technology to make use of voice to provide documents directly into the computer. (Microsoft 1). Main body Speech recognition program is a latest technological device that allows the executives of a company, or an individual to create, edit emails document or report using voice from anywhere in the world. Thus, many small businesses are using the speech recognition program. It should be noted that Microsoft speech recognition engine is gaining acceptance among businesses because it is three times faster than typing by hand on the computer and it offers 99% accuracy. Typically, a user can dictate on the different type of Microsoft office such as Microsoft word, Microsoft excels. In addition, the speech recognition software is also effective in the other application software such as WordPerfect, Corel and other application program. There are many speech recognition software packages available in the internet. Meanwhile, the Microsoft Speech Recognition Engine is one of the best speech programs that offers effective application program. (Microsoft). To use the program, it is essential to install the program in the computer. A microphone is essential in order to benefit from the speech technology software. Typically, many companies are benefiting from the application of the Microsoft Speech server system. For example, many hospitals are being able to use Microsoft speech engine to lower cost especially from the transportation system. In addition, several businesses are benefiting from the speech program because the speech program is three times faster than typing on the computer. Many executives are being able to able to dictate the memo of the company directive to the secretary from long distance. The computer will then provide all their saying in written form on the computer. Thus, it is effective to increase employee productivity as well as offering customer’s satisfaction. Moreover, the executive can pass instruction to their subordinate quickly and effectively. The other advantages of speech recognition program are that it offers different languages. In addition, the Microsoft Speech recognition software provides adequate security on the message transmitted through voice. It should be noted that Microsoft speech server offers security, which is effective to defend the system from internal or outside threats. For
Introduction The major issue discussed in these two articles is that of change. Change is defined as a process of making a radical transformation to create a desired difference in a given situation (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary). The two articles focus on enhancing change within a business enterprise through the use of two strategies that include vision and persuasion. Discussion The article, ‘Linking Vision and Change’ talks about how vision and change work hand in hand. The article describes vision as a very important aspect necessary for change to be effective and also necessary to ensure organizational growth. The chapter defines a workable vision as that which focuses on the achievement of outcomes and also that which acts not only as a motivation to the people involved but also that which enhances commitment to change. The characteristics of a vision as outlined in the article include possibility of the vision, its desirability, articulation and even action ability. The capacity to which people within a given organization will agree to change affects the organization’s vision and how the members of that organization will react to the change. Another major issue discussed in the article includes the three approaches to the creation of workable vision. The first approach is crafting or planning the vision which can be done by an organizational leader or even other members within the organization. A facilitator is however needed in this case. The second approach involves designing various relevant questions that will help in developing a vision using various ways that can be random or systematic. The third approach is to connect the vision with the established and well known and understood values, practices and beliefs within a particular organization. Certain attributes have been described as major causes of vision failure, these include too much vision specificity such that a vision is fixed and cannot be changed or cannot adapt to various changes, if the vision is not clear or if it is not realistic or achievable. The relationship between vision and change has brought on 3 major debates. One such debate is whether vision results to change or develops from change. The second debate is whether vision promotes or prevents change while the third seeks to know who among the leaders and the organization at large is regarded as a hero in relation to the achievement of a particular vision (Palmer, Dunford and Akin, p 142-143). In my opinion, the realization of a need for change within a certain organization necessitates the formation of a vision to help in the achievement of that change and in the accomplishment of the major target. In this case, the vision drives towards
Introduction The financial crisis, which was witnessed in the United States and the world over, has been described as one of the worst economic crises of the 21st century. Economists have termed it as the worst crisis in the economy to occur since the great depression of the 1930s. The crisis began in the year 2007. It emanated from the housing sector of the U.S. The crisis extended to other sectors of the economy. The financial sector, which is one of the pillars in the economy, was the worst hit. The crisis had a devastating impact on the US economy, with macroeconomic forces of inflation and employment being negatively affected. With the widespread effects of the crisis, policy makers were forces to come up with measures of mitigating the crisis and its effects. As it is with policies, there are long-term effects (Marshall, pp. 3). This paper discuses the recent economic crisis that hit the US. It discussed the underlying causes of the crisis and the impact it has had on the economy of the United States. The paper also looks into the policies that have been coined in order to mitigate the crisis and their impact on macroeconomic forces – employment, inflation and economic growth. Finally, the paper highlight the possible gaps that are prevalent the economy in line with the crisis and the possible routes stabilizing the economy. Causes of the US Financial Crisis The financial crisis of the United States is a crisis which smoldered from the late 1990s. As many analysts have pointed out, it began in the US housing market. From the late 1900s, the prices of houses in the United States swelled at an unusually quicker pace. The swelling of house prices can be linked to three main triggering factors. These are low rates of interests which were persisted during those times, overgenerous lending by the financial institutions, as well as speculations by the investors in the financial and the housing sectors. The housing bubble busted, and this was coupled with a crushing of other asset bubbles. This resulted in the credit crisis. Many economists have pointed out that there was a possibility of stopping the crisis could be averted at these early stages. However, many complex financial innovations were made in order to reduce the risk. It is these complex solutions that made the crisis spill to the financial market of the United States and the US economy. All financial institutions, which work for profits, came up with quite complicated financial processes. These processes had similar characteristics – lack of adequate risk analysis, highly leveraged borrowing and lack of adequate regulation of betting on outcomes. These processes proved inefficient when the asset prices flopped (“The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report”, pp. 417). The real effect of the shouldering financial turmoil was witnessed between 2007 and 2009. It began in the US mortgage lending market. Real problems began in 2007 when the Federal Home Mortgage Corporation– Freddie Mac made an announcement that it was stopping the purchasing o
Child protection basically refers to the welfare and safety of a child by protecting them from bodily, emotional, neglect and sexual abuse. According to UNICEF, 2006, child protection refers to prevention and response to violence, abuse, as well as exploitation against children. These include child trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, child labour, in addition to other destructive traditional practices like female genital mutilation (FGM) and marriage of children. Children are subjected to violation of their rights all over the world, but despite of the extent, very few incidences are reported and under-recognized impediments to child development and survival besides being violations to basic human rights. The convention on the rights of the child (1989), candidly elaborates children’s fundamental rights as encompassing “the right to be protected from economic exploitation and harmful work, from all forms of sexual exploitation and abuse, and from physical or mental violence. The law also ensuring that children will not be separated from their family against their will” (UNICEF, 2006, P.1). The development of the child protection system in the United Kingdom has been distorted by two factors namely; the impact of media reporting and the way in which celebrated child abuse tragedies have been handled. This essay is geared towards discussing both sides of the coin concerning the two factors mentioned earlier and possible solutions to save the situation. There are various agencies charged with the responsibility of child protection, for instance in Wales and England, the Department for Children Schools and Families (DCSF) gives statutory guidance to local authorities. In Northern Ireland, it is the department of health, social services, and public safety (DHSSPS) while in Scotland it is the Scottish government, which guides the local authorities. These agencies have put in measures to ensure cooperation between the agencies through the safeguarding boards. For instance, in England and Wales, the local safeguarding children’s boards (LCSBs) guarantee that the main agencies charged with protecting children work efficiently and jointly in supporting and safeguarding children’s welfare locally (NSPCC, 2010, p.2). LSBCs are more effective as they replaced the non-statutory and core membership is outlined in the Children Act, 2004. This body incorporates police, local authorities, and health bodies among others. In Northern Ireland, a multiagency ACPCs, (Area Child Protection Committees) is the central point for ensuring local cooperation to protect children who are specifically considered as facing a major harm. Currently reforms are underway to instill change in protection services that include establishing a statutory regional Safeguarding Board (SBNI). In Scotland there are 30 local child protection committees (CPCs) charged with child protection systems in their relevant fields (NSPCC, 2010, p.4). They comprise representatives from diverse backgrounds like the police, local authorities, children services, voluntary sector, and health bodies. However, in Scotland no Safeguarding Boards have been introduced yet. Looking at child protection
Friends’ Influence and Peer Pressure in Adolescents It is often noticed by teachers and parents that adolescence is a very complex stage of a person’s development that is accompanied by a variety of clashes in all spheres of a young person’s life. As a phase of life, adolescence is complicated by the fact that it is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood (Csikszentmihalyi, 2015). The young people entering this phase are especially frustrated and confused due to a significant change their bodies and minds undergo. Adolescence is known to be a period of conflict with family members, educators, and peers. One of the most frequently discussed problems of adolescents is pressure from the side of the peers they constantly experience during this period of life. Peer pressure may cause some negative outcomes for its victims. It may result in aggressive or violent behaviors of the teens, wrongdoings of various degrees, immoral choices, and their consequences. Peer pressure can be minimized or addressed by the adult supervisors such as teachers and parents of adolescents, yet this has to be done in the most delicate way possible as the adolescents’ trust towards adults is highly limited and fragile. Adolescence as a Stage of Human Development According to the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is the time between the ages of 10 and 19 that is characterized by rapid growth and development and is associated with multiple changes ( Adolescent Development , 2015). The period of adolescence can be divided into three main stages which are early (11 to 14 years old), middle (15 to 17), and late (18 to 21) ( Stages of Adolescence , 2015). Generally, the transformation children experience during adolescence is of two types – physical and mental. Physically, the body of a young person quickly matures. The process of maturation includes sexual and physical development – the organs and body parts grow, the processes and secretions start to appear. Since all of these physical changes are new for a young person, mild levels of shock are typical for this period. Namely, it may take teens a while to get used to what is going on to their bodies and accept new feelings. Apart from the adaptation to the physical changes, the adolescents are to get used to having a new social status since this stage of maturation brings the young people closer to adulthood and responsibilities related to it. Overall, adolescents are expected to gain more independence and privacy since they start to develop new interests and roles. The list of physical and emotional transformations happening to the young people during adolescence is universal; the processes are the same for all teenagers. At the same time, the age at which adolescence and the developments typical for it start may vary depending on the socio-economic situation. The length and standard characteristics of this period are recognized differently in various cultures. Generally, the human society has changed its perspective on adolescence many times over the last hundred years (for example, the socially accepted age for marriage and childbirth has
Case Summary On 25 th April 2013, Curry Sdn Bhd sent a fax to sell 2000 kilograms of curry powder to Food Sdn Bhd at RM5 per kilogram. The fax clearly stated “Please telephone or fax an acceptance before 2 nd May 2013”. Food Sdn Bhd faxed a letter accepting Curry Sdn Bhd’s proposal at 11 p.m on 30 th April 2013. The fax’s report clearly stated that the letter has been sent to Curry Sdn. Bhd. As it was a public holiday on 1 st May 2013, the office of Curry Sdn Bhd was closed and nobody knows about the acceptance of Food Sdn Bhd. It was only on the 2 nd May 2013 that a staff of Curry Sdn Bhd read the fax. The validity of the acceptance made by Food Sdn Bhd It is imperative to note that there are several definitions of acceptance in textbooks and case law. However, the statutory definition is found in Section 2(b) of the Contracts Act, 1950. Section 2 (b) in this case states that consideration is perceived to have taken place when the person a proposal has been directed to assent to the proposal. It, therefore, becomes a promise upon the acceptance of the proposal and a fundamental step towards achieving a valid contract. The agreement by the acceptor to be bound by the terms of the proposal creates a legally binding contract (Chappell, Powell-Smith, & Sims, 2008). The acceptance is made on the terms stipulated in the proposal without any material variations. A positive response to the offer or proposal by the acceptor is a vital step in the making of a valid contract. The silence of the acceptor cannot be interpreted to mean that he or she has accepted the proposal since silence does not amount to acceptance. There are several rules that have been designed by case law and statutory provisions that have the effect of establishing the existence or non-existence of acceptance in a contract (Furmston Cheshire & Fifoot, 2006). To start with, the acceptance must be made absolute and unqualified for it to be considered valid. Section 7(a) of the Contracts Act, 1950 provides that a valid acceptance must entail the element of absolute and unqualified statuses. In simple terms, the expression of assent should not be coupled with a preceded or subsequent condition. Any form of variations and modifications has the effect of rendering acceptance invalid. In essence, a party accepting a proposal from another party must do so without introducing terms and conditions that were not in the proposal or offer. Any form of modifications and variations introduce a counter-proposal or a counter offer. A counter-proposal has the effect of terminating the initial offer. The above element was considered in the case of Hyde v. Wrench (1840) 3 Beav. 334. An offer of 1,000 Pounds was made by the defendant to the plaintiff. The plaintiff made a counteroffer by proposing to buy the estate in the offer at 950 Pounds. Subsequently, the plaintiff changed his mind and wrote to the defendant, offering to buy according to the first proposal. The defendant refused to sell. The Court was of the opinion that the first offer of 950 Pounds by the plaintiff terminated the initial offer. The Court observed that the