ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The beck depression contrast (BDI) is a system of gauging depression among people. In this system, the interviewer asks the candidate a set of 21 questions. Each set of the question gives five things that describe the feelings of the candidate at the present moment. The answer is graded on a scale of one to three. Three represents the highest score while one is the low. The total in each set of question is added, giving out the level of depression at that particular time for the patient. The higher the score means that the patient is most depressed at that particular time. (Moreno, 1993) Over the time there has been an adjustment on the mode of operation of the BDI. The first system uses the sum gotten as the final score of the degree of depression. The second method of the BDI commonly known as Beck depression inventory-II uses basically the same figures in conducting the test but the final score is gauged by a summary ranging from 0-63. However both measures give almost an identical value with a minimal difference. This means that both measures almost correlate in terms of the final score. (Welch, 1990) The second difference between the two modes of the BDI is in the methodology of conducting the survey. The first mode is based on trust. This is where the interviewer first gets the history of the patient to try and get the origin of the problem. In BDI-II however, the survey is gotten in a form of group administration. This is where a survey is conducted to a group of people say like college students. There are downfalls and advantages of these two modes of study
Is there any challenge faced by the American company McDonald’s on the European market? Explain McDonald’s is facing a crisis in the European nations. The crisis involves a reduction in sales as more people in the society have altered their preferences in food. While the culture of the European people is inclined toward consuming a lot of fast foods, the products offered by McDonald’s are being viewed as outdated menus. People in the nations have particularly been looking to purchase products from the new fast food companies that seem too have better menus, which include spicy chicken and other foods that have been modernized. McDonald’s is left at a situation where it either has to change the products or compete on the basis of prices. Identify the environmental aspects that McDonald’s needs to consider and reevaluate in the European Market The European market is associated with the presence of a society that has a growing concern about the environmental impacts of different companies, and their respective efforts toward offsetting the negative implications on the environment. McDonald’s has done little to prove to the people that it is willing to reduce its carbon footprint and pollution levels. One of the factors that must be considered by the company is the development of a corporate responsibility program that enhances its commitment in reducing the carbon footprint associated with the supply chain, distribution, and other processes. Additionally, the company must start focusing on enhancin
Introduction Although people promise to live happily in marriage, that is not the case in most marriages in the UAE (Magdy, 2014). For example, Dubai was shown to have about 3 daily cases of divorce in 2012, a figure that could imply a total of 1,129 divorce cases annually. It is even more worrying for Emiratis, who have been shown to contribute to 30% of divorce cases in the UAE (Pathak, 2013). Ten factors influence couples with regard to divorce trends in the region. Infidelity is one of the major reasons why many marriages are ending. Poor communication has led many married people to misunderstand each other and terminate their marriages. Loss of jobs in the UAE has been contributing to high divorce rates, because couples cannot make ends meet. Spouses who have religious and cultural differences have high chances of separating in the region (Wikipedia, 2014). Pathak (2013) has also shown the following factors to be responsible for divorce:   * The use of social media   * Sexual incompatibility   * Financial negligence   * Child rearing matters   * Unrealistic expectations   * Lack of marriage support systems The topic was chosen because it is essential to understand more about the factors that are threatening the marriage institution in the UAE. Conjecture The following list of questions would be used to explore the topic further:   * In the UAE, why do people marry? Do they plan to get married for the purpose of procreation or companionship?   * What is the age difference of the most people at the time they get married in the region?   * What roles do partners play in preventing divorce cases? Are they actively or proactively engaged?   * Could external factors such as the interference from in-laws be blamed for termination of marriages? Hypothesis Cultural differences, religious variations, age brackets and other factors contribute differently to divorce rates in the UAE. Peer review In order to gain insights about divorce issues in the UAE, I shared my thoughts and ideas with family members. They were instrumental because they gave comments regarding termination of marriages from their experiences. During courtship, lovers hardly have sufficient time to learn about the expectations of each other. They are either too busy with their occupations or they do not view expectations in the future as significant reasons that could negatively impact their marriages. Thus, people marry and they learn about each other after a few months and/or years. Upon realising that a partner has different expectations and perceptions with regard to marriage, many spouses start behaving differently because they feel incompatible. Frustrations in life start emerging and spouses might choose diverse ways of ending them. These could be being unfaithful, practising childcare negligence and being financially negligent. Ultimately, couples consider terminating their marri
Growth of adolescents requires to be accompanied by other skills that are not necessarily taught in classrooms. Among them are personal capabilities. To start with, children should be able to communicate well amongst themselves and other society members. The meaning of communication is that children should be able to understand what is going on around them as well as being able to express their feelings and thoughts. According to Piaget’s theory of development at the age of two years, children should be able to develop from sensor motor stage through being able to talk and using their thought to understand the universe. It’s through these understanding of the universe that promotes creativity and the urge to make life better for each and every one. Through having understanding and usage of thoughts, children translate to the preoperational stage. The confidence of children also leads to positive social development. Through confidence, the self-esteem of children is improved, this also increases the self-worth and esteem of the children. Confidence is an important factor to children in the future, as it makes them view themselves as important beings who are important to the society. Exhibiting team work is also important in the development of kids and adolescents. Children should be able to work as group as well as cooperate with each other in working out problems, hence team work (Williams, 2006). Cooperation with other children helps them learn. The way the family relates to the society is an important quality to be learnt from by children. If the family has the tendency to care for other people in the society, the child will grow knowing the importance of care to other people in the society. In turn, these children will turn out to be caring children and adolescents. The creation of a positive social environment by the family can also lead to shaping of the children’s and adolescents’ capabilities for the future. When the parents allow their children to play around with other children, or toys, they help shape the children’s teamwork capability. However, family can also inhibit the development of a child’s capabilities. Incorporating negative attributes may provoke unpleasant qualities in children, for example, the lowering of their self-esteem (Slavin, 2006). Low self esteem in children may also affect their growth in the real world in the future. The classroom can be a good environment where some of the good qualities discussed earlier can be developed among children. Through measures like putting children in groups, children can be taught how to cooperate with other children and perform in harmony. Communication can also be taught in schools; teachers in classrooms can be of much help to the children by teaching them the proper way of communication as well as shaping their thoughts. To children, learning is a slow process and it would take time to learn so much in the classroom. However, classrooms can also inhibit the qualities and capabilities of children. A classro
The case study under consideration is the case of Bess, a 27-year old single woman who works as an accountant at a manufacturing firm. Bess was brought up by a single mother who was obsessed with cleanness and whose primary objective was control over her daughter’s life. After Bess’s mother’s serious intervention into the course of her life (arranging an abortion even without asking her daughter about her intentions), Bess was absorbed in her studies and later in her work. In a while, Bess started developing certain patterns of behavior similar to her mother’s and gradually became obsessed with cleanness and order. With time, however, she developed different rituals and obsessive thoughts of her own, though all they were based on the issue of cleanness. Bess has a psychological disorder, namely obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a more detailed analysis of her case will help to explain the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of her disorder. First of all, Bess’s disorder has a biological component, though in her case it is more genetic than biological. There exists considerable evidence that OCD can be caused by biological factors among which “serotonin dysregulation is well-documented, as are brain changes, including increased blood flow to the orbital-frontal lobes and the basal ganglia” (Bonder, 2004, p. 132). Proper metabolism of serotonin is vital for the communication between the cortex and the basal ganglia, which is why dysfunctions of the serotonergic system often lead to mental diseases. The patterns of brain activity of OCD patients differ significantly from those which healthy people have, which accounts for their specific behavior. Since none of such biological changes was registered in the case of Bess, her disorder was caused by heredity which may also play a role (Bonder, 2004). Bess’s mother was obsessed with cleanness and her OCD could possibly have some of the abovementioned biological components. Bess, who was born healthy, inherited the obsession, though without specific brain dysfunctions. This being the reason, Bess be
Introduction Jarrad is employed in his father’s shop. He is charged with a number of roles in the shop. Among the roles is cleaning of the shop. Jarrad has been carrying out the cleaning though his employer feels the shop is always dirty. Duncan doesn’t like the dirty state of the shop and he is not pleased by the fact that Jarrad is employed to keep the shop clean as part of his duties yet he doesn’t seem to adequately perform it. To enable Jarrad work harder, Duncan made a proposal to Jarrad to give Jarrad an additional £ 30 every week to motivate him into conducting his duties effectively. Jarrad accepted the offer and improved the cleanliness of the shop but Duncan refused to pay him claiming that it was part of the initial agreement to clean the shop. Rule of Law This is a case involving domestic issue and therefore the best approach for such a case is examining similar cases. It is worth noting that a contract must be legally binding for it to be valid (Beale, 2002, p. 1). In references to domestic issues, which touches on agreements between/among family members, there factors which ought to be taken into consideration as most of the agreements are normally not treated as enforceable. Arguments have been made that most of the promises which are made at the family level are mainly meant for relating purpose and turning them into being legally enforceable would may lead family members being “very careful” with their utterances as they may fear that the word they say may be turned against them (Klabbers, 1996, p. 116). It has been argued that when considering issues touching on family issues, courts will try to identify whether there was any intention to create a contract; this was seen in the case of Balfour v Balfour (1919), (Young, 2010, p. 56) as it was established that Mr. Balfour had no intention of creating a contract by promising his wife some monthly disbursement. It is worth noting that that in case a contract exists then for the consideration for the same considerations to be changed, the conditions of the contract would have changed “significantly” as was seen in the case of Hartley v Ponsonby [1857] 26 LJ QB 322 (O’Sullivan and Hilliard, 2005, p. 681) where so many members of the working team left such that those who were left would clearly not discharge their services securely. Application There are basic facts which have been establ
Unique Sustainable Fabrics/Smart Textile Sustainability can be considered not only a trend but also one of the major expectations of customers purchasing products on the international market. The development of the fashion industry without depleting natural resources for the future is an extremely complex process. It is based on the intention to reduce the impact of waste reduction, garment durability, biodegradability, recycling, and recyclability. Taking into account that the fashion industry accounts for approximately 10% of global carbon emissions, this area of business experiences a significant need for sustainability (Razzaq, Ansari, Razzaq and Awan, 2018). In case of inactivity, the environmental impact of the fashion industry will be increasing at a rapid speed annually. At present time, European textile purchases result in a total of 600 kg of CO2 emissions caused by one person (Brydges, Retamal and Hanlon, 2020). Representatives of the fashion industry take appropriate measures to decrease this rate with the help of innovative technologies. At the same time, a vast amount of attention is currently paid to the way people rid themselves of clothes. Despite the popularity of sustainability, numerous individuals prefer throwing clothes away instead of donating them to others. In the past 25 years, the amount of clothes bought has increased by 40%, which can be explained by a considerable decrease in prices and open access to different types of products (Shim, Kim and Na, 2018). In turn, over 80% of textile is either incinerated or landfilled, thereby contributing to the development of environmental issues. Hence, in order to minimize the negative impact of this problem on the world, fashion experts encourage people to export used clothes to others with the help of second-hand markets (Moorhouse, 2020). Thus, it is predicted that second-hand markets will become a tremendously popular way to get rid of used clothes. As the second-largest polluter in the world, the fashion industry also contributes to water pollution. Textile practices frequently produce untreated toxic wastewaters that include lead, mercury, and arsenic (Broega, Jordão and Martins, 2017). People living near textile factories pose a significant threat to their health, which is why the trend of sustainability has become an integral part of the area of fashion. Therefore, to reduce the influence of these factories on the overall health status of the global population, potential customers follow two main recommendations. First, they usually purchase clothes that are made in countries and regions with strict environmental regulations for factories. At the present time, the list of these countries includes the USA, Canada, and European Union. Second, organic fibers and natural fibers are preferred over the traditional textile, as
The study will evaluate early walking patterns. The study of infant walking experience will improve child-rearing practices. Infant walking abilities are influenced by the development of motor skills. However, motor skill development is influenced by different subcomponents. Some subcomponents include body coordination, routine exercise, diaper use, and head control. As infants grow, the components which facilitate walking patterns adapt to body changes. Such development could influence early independent walk. Infant motor development starts with hand crawling to knee crawl (Vereijken, Pedersen & Størksen, 2009). Thus, the independent walking experience is a sign of early motor development. We will study the relationship between induced changes and walking patterns. Research question  1. Can independent walking infants carry load on their shoulders and around the wrist?  2. What is the effect of infant walking experience?  3. What is the effect of load position on motor development? Fifteen infants were used as the sample population. The sample population had 7 boys and 8 girls, respectively. Workloads were placed in different positions on the infant’s shoulder, ankle, and around the wrist. Participants for the research were white Norwegian babies. The experimenter informed parents about the study, and the research conformed to Helsink Declaration. Data were collected using phone contacts. Parents provided a progress report on their baby’s motor skill development. The independent walk used in this paper refers to 5 independent steps. Once the baby could make 5 independent walks, he or she was assigned a record tag. Due to disruptions and holidays, the experimental data was not completed. Adhesive materials were placed on each participant. The adhesives provided support for the load attached to the infant’s shoulders. Adhesive tapes were placed around the wrist by the experimenter to analyze motor skill development. Parents could withdraw their baby once 5 independent steps were completed. The weight of the support pack was 375g
Introduction Coaching and mentoring is very important in human development. Almost every sports personality, successful businesses, outstanding students, successful families have had either a coach or a mentor in their lives. The modern world has embraced fully, these two terms and is exploiting them to realize their full potential. Their popularity is credited to the uncountable success they have brought to individuals, groups and corporate clients. Coaching and mentoring usually share numerous similarities, regardless of whether they are done for reward (professionals) or for philanthropic purposes. This paper will explore coaching and mentoring, and in particular, concern itself with its benefits to business activities and management (Emelo, 2011, p. 44-49). Definitions Coaching is defined as the process through which learning and development are allowed to happen with the intention of improving performance. Coaches are required to have a thorough understanding of the knowledge, skills, techniques and styles suitable for the context under which coaching is to take place. This way he/she is capable of instilling confidence and ability to the learner. Mentoring refers to the process of providing guidance to another person in how he/she makes momentous transitions in work, thinking or knowledge (The New York Times Company, 2011, p. 1). Mentoring impart the mentee with confidence to make significant decisions that would help achieve success. Business coaching and mentoring is very important in instilling knowledge, skills, styles, and techniques as well as the ability to make significant decisions that are aimed at improving an individual’s achievement or business goals (The Coaching & Mentoring Network Ltd., 2010, p. 1). Similarities and differences of coaching and mentoring Coaching and Mentoring associate several ways since they aim at almost sim
Introduction The article under consideration titled ‘Healthy case for letting doctors judge teens’ best interests’ by Wilkinson was published in National Times on November 16, 2008 online. The main idea of the article is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the teen’s decisions in regard to their health care. The author of the research asks a question, whether young patients should make decisions about their health care o0f parents should still control those decisions. The author’s point of view is strict, parents “should resist the trend to allow younger and younger patients control over medical decisions. Paternalism still has a place in medicine” (Wilkinson 2008, n.p.). However, the arguments which are presented in the article allow me to disagree with the author’s point of view and state that the decisions of the teenagers are to be just controlled and impacted, however, parents and doctors should not make teenagers do what they do not want to. The role of parents and doctors in the youths’ decision should be in informing teenagers about the consequences of their decisions be means of drawing the future outcome from the medical perspective, trying to apply to the patients’ reasoning and the understanding of the outcome. Analysis Providing the arguments in the essay, the author referred to the examples which, in his point of view, helped him conclude that paternalism is the only aspect which is to be used in the healthcare. The argument is rather contradicting as the examples, vice versa, help make conclusions that teenagers are to me directed in their decisions in case relatives and medical workers believe that their decision is wrong. There is no need to make teenagers perform what their parents are to do as this is they are to live with those decisions, they are to perceive the consequences of the treatment. The author of article has selected good examples and informative points of views. The cases discussed in the article are really valuable as they help to conclude that teenagers should make decisions themselves. The author states that paternalism should be the basis in the healthy care treatment of teenagers, however, he refers to the example of the 13-year-old Hannah Jones who refused a heart transplant. The situation when Hannah Jones refused from a heart transplant is as follows. A 13-year-old Hannah Jones was predicted to live several months. With a heart transplant the chances could increase to a couple of years, not more. The situation cannot be connected with the examples when people live for 10 years with heart transplants. Hannah Jones had leukemia in young childhood. According to the author’s argument parents had to insist and make an operation. What would come next? Is Hannah Jones ready to lead the life she does not want to? Is she ready to forgive her parents for enlarging her suffering for several years? This is not their decisions how long she is to wait for death. Thus, the author’s conclusion seems rather strange. The article contains other example