ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Today, social media is a crucial part of daily life for most people. It enables us to communicate with friends and family, share important moments of our lives, and exchange information with others. However, the use of social media by people of certain professions creates concerns related to privacy and confidentiality. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN, 2018) explains how social media may lead to breaches of patient privacy and offers guidelines on how to avoid this dangerous consequence and use social media responsibly. The present paper will seek to reflect on the guidelines as well as on other sources on the subject while also analyzing a recent patient privacy breach that occurred in Texas. NCSBN Guidelines The guidelines provide essential insights into the topic of social media and its relation to the nursing profession. First of all, the document also stresses the legal repercussions of using social media irresponsibly. Indeed, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) established rules for protecting patient information, and thus failing to do so can result in legal action against the nurses or their organization (HIPAA Journal, 2018a). The information protected under HIPAA includes any information disclosed by patients in their communication with healthcare providers, as well as images and videos of patients, their name, address, age, and other identifying information (NCSBN, 2018). Secondly, the guidelines go beyond legal issues to explain the problem in ethical terms. It is true that patients trust their care providers and expect any information they share to remain confidential (NCSBN, 2012). Part of nurses’ ethical duty is to maintain patient privacy and confidentiality, and thus by posting protected patient information on social me
Politics and the securitization of the threat of the Ebola virus have influenced responses in different ways. Decades of civil war in countries most affected by Ebola made the situation worse. Several villagers lack faith in governments and foreign healthcare workers. In Sierra Leone, the government is associated with corrupt practices, non-transparent dealings, and lies. Some civilians claimed that both the government and healthcare workers were intentionally spreading the virus; the government wants to sell their blood or conduct rituals with patients’ body parts. Some claimed that the chlorine could be used to spread the virus, or the government simply invented the disease to get more donations. Other villagers chased away healthcare workers, rejected education on Ebola, and insisted on burying their dead according to the tradition. Such suspicions complicated Ebola control and management. When villagers feared that government and healthcare workers were part of the Ebola epidemic, they undermined all efforts to control the spread of the virus through isolation of infected persons. Even the WHO could only offer estimates on the numbers of Ebola casualties because it could not get actual data from any sources. Hence, its power was equally limited. The WHO had provided the required recommendations to combat Ebola and outlined appropriate security measures to protect healthcare workers and patients. The government, however, did little or nothing to implement recommendations, protect healthcare workers, and quarantine areas. In this case, politics and securitization play critical roles in responses to Ebola. The government reacted by declaring a state of emergency that was meant to impose strict quarantine. In many locations, however, the quarantine was not imposed as expected as villagers continued to roam freely and failed to understand its meaning. The international community reacted in different ways. For instance, the US CDC (Center for Disease Control) provided regular updates on Ebola. Canada announced that it would not allow foreigners from Ebola-hit countries to enter its borders. Governors of New York, Illinois, and New Jersey declared their intentions to quarantine healthcare workers from West African countries with Ebola cases, while others opted for strict border controls. The US also sent its military as a part of the securitization of Ebola. The role of the military is to ensure strict enforcement of quarantine. Consequently, many villagers could not understand why they were prohibited from moving. In the case of West Africa, a lack of education made securitization worse. It led to a lack of trust between villagers and other stakeholders. As a result, many villagers shunned healthcare centers and providers. Securitization of Ebola did not take into account the culture of West Africans associated with touching the dead irrespective of the outcomes. The responses offer critical implications for future approaches. Ignorance, misconception
Introduction This paper is a response to a career and life planning class. I am currently going to school to get my associate’s degree in business and administration, and with that degree I plan on working in the government to get a job as an executive assistant I am also considering working for a corporation. In order for me to achieve this goal I need to focus on my studies and analyze what I have done right and what I need to do better. Discussion Business Administration is an excellent course for someone who wants to pursue a career in the corporate world. This is the very reason why I chose it. However the corporate world is a very competitive one especially since the country is undergoing a recession. Therefore, one of my goals should be to get the best grades possible. While my grades are ok I know that I can exert more effort to make them better. After all, high grades are one of the best signs that a person is a performer and is fit for a job. In my chosen field it would be very good if I can make my grades better. Since I know that I can only push my grades up to be so high I know that I must also exert effort in extra-curricular activities. Good grades are a good start to improve my chances to get a job in the corporate world I should join clubs and organizations which are business related. Doing this will make my resume even more attractive to a would-be-employer and increase my potential at getting hired by the company of my choice. If another applicant had grades which were as good as mine and they see that I have been active in a business org then perhaps they would choose me. One pitfall in my desired line of work is the potential to stagnate in a position. Continued improvement is necessary so I do not get stuck in an entry level position for the rest of my life. Therefore, I will pursue a master’s degree perhaps even an MBA as soon as my means permit me to. An MBA together with my due diligence and hard work and perhaps a little luck will set me on track to achieve my goal of eventually become a vice president in my company. Perhaps even president if my luck holds out. Another pitfall is the risk of getting downsized especially in light of the recession. My solution to this is to study hard while I am in college and get orgs which are business related. I will also practice my people skills, generally make myself a likeable person and try to make lots of friends in college. That way when the corporate bosses have to make a selection on who to let go I will be the least likely to get picked. After all, I work hard and if I succeed in making myself likeable then they might like me too. If that fails and they still decide to let me go, at least I have a list of contacts among my friends I can turn to for possible employment opportunities. Aside from my goal of working in the corporate world I would also like to try working for the government. The chief benefit I will derive is the fact that the government takes good care of its own. If I can get a job in government I get complete benefits like dental, medical and even retirement benefits. I know that the government takes care of its employees really well and it will
Introduction The modern American society is consumption-oriented, a case that is essentially fostered by the Media. Therefore, “much of what comes to pass as important is based often on the stories produced and disseminated by media institutions” (Brooks and Lisa ‘Gender, Race and media representation’ 297). This implies that many of the things that people construct within their minds are articulated to symbols, images, and narratives that are filmed, televised, or even broadcasted in other forms of media. The mediated symbols, images, and even texts create awareness among people of what it infers by being black, Latino, Native American, female, male, white, or even a resident of the urban or rural area. Media has also the capacity to segment many of these societal differences across gender and race. In simplistic terms, as evidenced by media genres, some movies like Bamboozled that is written and directed by Spike Lee present media as critical in the determination of what shapes social realities of people. In the context of the movie Bamboozled , the paper argues that African-American identity, race, gender, and class are enormously stereotyped. Stereotype Presentation of African-American Identity, Race, Gender, and Class Stereotyping of African Americans in the movie Bamboozled is evident even on the casing of the DVD containing it. Right from the beginning, Bamboozled is a satirical movie depicting the modern minstrel show. It features characters that are black. They also wear black faces. The highlights create and construct the meaning of being black both internally and externally in the mindset of the audience. Though educated at the Harvard University, Delacroix has to undergo myriads of torments acerbated by his white boss (Thomas Dunwitty). As if endeavoring to satirically criticize and make fun out of Delacroix‘s identity as an African- American, Dunwitty talks similarly to the male blacks living in the urban areas. He also consistently makes use of the word ‘nigger’ in his conversations coupled with proclaiming that he is essentially more black than Delacroix by virtue of the fact that he has married a black American woman and that they both have two children who are of mixed races. While Delacroix creates a TV script portraying black Americans positively, he demises it as “cosby clones” (Lee Bamboozled min.32). Hence, he rejects it. Angered by this decision and with the aid of Sloane Hopkins, Delacroix decides to create a minstrel show in which he portrays the blacks in the extreme way. The picture shown below is an extract of the scanned promotional posters on the Bamboozled DVD. Source (Brooks and Lisa ‘Lessons learned or bamboozled?’ 289). From the promotional poster, African Americans are presented as cannibals as evidenced by the red color. Therefore, the poster implies that African-Americans are merely half human beings and half-animals. In the film, cannibalism motif is implied by the depiction of blacks as having abnormally big teeth that have abnormal gaps in between (Piehowski 14). When black characters wear blac
Identifying Ethical Dilemma in the Case Easyriders v. Hunnigan (1995) represents the case of California motorcyclists filing a suit against the Commissioner of California Highway Patrol (CHP) for the purpose of permanent injunction against stopping motorcyclists on the ground of officer’s subjective opinion that helmets either conform or dot not conform the established safety standards. On the one hand, motorcyclists might be unaware of the consequences for wearing sub-standardized helmets because they do not have knowledge of the actual safety standards. Therefore, the specialized shops should also have permission on solving helmets that fully correspond to the federal safety standards and, therefore, motorcyclists cannot be the only ones to blame. On the other hand, the permanent injunction of practicing subjective opinion can increase the risk of road accidents because precautious measures are beneficial despite the initial intent of the officers. Both sides of debate reveal serious ethical concerns because of negligence of risks related to safety and health of citizens. In this respect, the decision made in the court has two sides of the medal. Supportive Side of the Ethical Issue Presenting Relevant Legal Precedents, Statuses, or Cases Unreasonable suspicion, as well as subjective opinion, should not be the main reasons guiding police officers while stopping the motorcyclists. Such measures contradict the Forth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which runs, The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath of affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (US Const. amend. IV). Hence, the police officers did not have any reasonable ground for arresting the motorcyclists because their decisions were based on sole suspicions and subjective assumptions. As a result, the law enforced by the CHP representatives is not unconstitutionally vague. There is also a mandatory law implying that helmet may not be worn unless it corresponds to the established federal safety measures. In this respect, the motorcyclists buying helmets were unable to prove whether these devices meet the established laws or not because the responsibility is imposed on helmet sellers. The case Bianco v. California Highway Patrol (1994) reveals that the manufacturers should sell the helmets that pass the testing procedure and meet the federal standards. Analysis of Ethical Dilemmas within a Theoretical Framework To support the ethical argument is possible through presenting the basic of deontological ethics. Hence, in case the act is initially meant as morally justified, individuals perform such acts follow the ethical and moral principles. Specifically, “only actions done from duty have true, genuine, or authentic “moral worth” or “moral content”” (Wood, 2008, p. 27). The motorcyclists wore helmets they boug
Introduction There is a lot of information and misinformation on subjects regarding religion and spirituality, with the level of signal-noise ratio getting ever higher within the past decades. While currently there is a growing relationship between religion and psychology (especially mental health), modern psychology and traditional religion have come into close scrutiny and are significantly divided, especially on normative trends. More often than not, these issues of traditional religion have been overlooked, though they carry significant religious and socio-cultural implications- together with the implications that are associated with the wellbeing of the individual (Wolfe et al. 243). Critical considerations and acknowledgements have to be given between these relationships between religion and psychology, more cautiously developed and constructed from the systematic relationship between the two and their consequent effects on the lives of the people and the societal perception. This has the synoptic advantage of giving advantages to the cross-sectional referencing of the traditional practices and the respective responses from more modern beliefs and ways of life. Additionally, it serves to highlight such issues as abortion, homosexuality, ecological issues, marriage and family as well as the questions regarding what is right and wrong (Morgan and Lawton 12). Repeatedly, issues arise within these issues of traditional religions with most scholars being of the belief that traditional religion does not support these ceremonies, critically questioning the very validity of the traditional religion. Marriage and Traditional Religion Marriage is an institution that was held highly among the people in the tradition and the subject under that community followed the norms strictly because marriage is a cherished faculty. Marriage is the coming together of two people that are going to be one. Their togetherness did not only affect them as persons but also involved the community at large. It is a much respected body by everyone (Morgan and Lawton 15). There were certain fundamental rituals that had to be followed in the making of marriage over time. There are several steps that are to be followed closely in the making of marriage and that involve the community and the church. These steps may differ from community to community but the bottom line of them all is to give important lessons as to how they will be able to live with each other as married people (Wolfe et al. 245). One of the main reasons of marriage it the traditional community was for procreation. Having children was seen as an important step in life, it was seen as giving back that which you were given by your parents which is life. In some community children were important in a family since they were seen as a source of wealth since wealth was calculated in terms of how may children you have. In some traditions they allowed the man to marry more than one woman which is known as polygamy. A man would marry several women according to how his wealth would allow him to and would have pride in it since he would be held highly in the society because of his statue. In the cas
Human organism easily adapts to practically all the environments. It is able to survive on scarce food and water supplies and gets used to cold or unbearable heat. Such conditions harden people and make them more endurable. However, among those things which are destructive for people’s health, stress is the most dangerous. There is no way a person can avoid health deterioration in stress conditions; all that a human organism can do is develop defense mechanisms which, though they do not protect from negative influence of the environment, distract a person from the direct source of stress. Among such defense mechanisms, there may be detachment, devaluation, displacement, dissociation, denial, and a number of others (Schwebel 67). In case with the characters of Ladies and Gentlemen, to the Gas Chamber such defense mechanisms as acting out, denial, and displacement are the most evident. To begin with, the cases of acting out can be observed in some characters of the text under consideration. Acting out is one of the most dangerous defense mechanisms (Fehr 102). It is characterized by the translation of the inner conflict of a person into aggression towards people who surround this person. For instance, during a conversation about the religion, one of the characters got angry at another one with practically no reason: “Cant’s somebody shut him up? He’s been raving as if he’d caught God himself by the feet” (Borowski 2310). The unfavorable environment was the key factor for the development of this defense mechanism. Another defense mechanism which can be noticed in the story’s character is denial. A great example is the Frenchman which the author describes at the beginning of the story. He seemed to be not noticing the poor conditions in which people were kept. He treated them as something temporary and often ignored what was taking place around him: “Henri, the Frenchman, dreams aloud of the French wine brought by the transports from Strasbourg, Paris, Marseille” (Borowski 2308). Denial is the most primitive defense mechanism which consists in simply ignoring the stressful factors. At first, it may be confused with mere optimism; in reality, however, it is the defense mechanism developing in response to the stressful environment. Finally, displacement can also be vividly traced among the prisoners of Auschwitz. In general, displacement is “the red
Introduction The journal article, “Evidence-based human resource management practices in three EU developing member states: Can managers tell truth from fallacy?”, by Bezzina, Cassar, Tracz-Krupa, and Tipuric, sought to evaluate the extent to which human resources management (HRM) adheres to evidence-based practices as opposed to commonplace beliefs that are not supported by any form of research. The study was carried out in Poland, Croatia, and Malta using a mixed-methods approach. Review The authors of this article wanted to assess the extent to which HRM managers know and apply evidence-based practices when making decisions and policies. Additionally, the article sought to establish the managers’ views on the role of theory and research and any gaps between these two elements, which are critical in the day-to-day running of HRM activities. The authors reviewed the available relevant literature materials on the subject including books, journal articles, and websites. Two studies were carried out. In the first one, the researchers wanted to assess the extent to which HRM managers use evidence-based approaches when making decisions in the workplace. Purposive sampling was used. The target sample population consisted of general HRM managers in major firms in Wroclaw (Poland), Zagreb (Croatia), and Malta. As such, 300 managers, 100 from each location, were selected as respondents and they completed web-based questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was used for data analysis. The results from this study indicated that evidence-based decision-making is an evolving area, and thus most managers do not use it in HRM practices. In the second study, the aim was to establish the forms and sources that managers apply theory in HRM practices. A qualitative approach was used to collect data for this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants whereby guided interviews were used to gather information. Finally, 20 participants (8 from Poland, 7 from Malta, and 5 from Croatia) were selected for the study. The respondents from Malta and Croatia noted that they normally use the available evidence together with policy and stakeholders’ guidelines when making decisions. On the other hand, managers from Poland relied more on internal and external networks as compared to published evidence as sources for information. However, all the participants noted that they try as much as possible to employ HRM theories in their management practices. Nevertheless, they all agreed that such theories have limitations in terms of the extent to which they can be employed. Additionally, the respondents noted the existence of numerous gaps between theoretical and practical HRM practices. Such gaps can be bridged by offering internships for practitioners to reconcile theory with practice. Analysis The article is well written with most components of academic research. For instance, the study’s purpose is clearly stated together with an in-depth literature review on the subject. The authors stated the methodology used starting from sampling to data collection and analysis. The results are given to answer the research questions clearly and suffi