ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Humans spend a lot of their time in life sleeping. Sleep is necessary for people to live a healthy and useful existence. Nevertheless, several people suffer from sleeping problems and complications. For instance, students and busy employees have higher chances of practicing deprived sleep behaviors (Callaway & Bodenhamer-Davis, 2008). Because of this, many of them suffer from sleep-related disorders. Some research specifies that sleep difficulties frequently co-occur with numerous psychological health conditions. Both scholars and medics have many times investigated the connection between sleep and mood (Morin, 2007). Morin (2007) notes that persons with insomnia symptoms have higher levels of despair and nervousness compared with individuals with normal sleep habits. As such, they are nine times more likely to exhibit signs of clinical depression. Similarly, they are sixteen times more likely to develop clinical anxiety compared with people who have normal sleep. The study indicates that the more an individual experiences sleeplessness, the higher chances for him or her to suffer from depression. Disruptive sleep, apnea, has also been associated with despair. Apnea is a disorder in which somebody wakes up recurrently and very temporarily all through the night (Backhaus, Junghanns, & Broocks, 2002). One research conducted on over 18, 000 participants indicated that individuals with apnea four times more likely to agonize from medical depression (Ancoli-Israel & Kripke, 1991). The researchers suggested that when sleep is repeatedly interrupted it could modify mind activity and neurochemicals, which influence our temper and thinking. Carpenter & Andrykowski (1998) suggested that the link between sleep and mood is multifaceted. They highlighted that disturbed sleep may cause emotional imbalances, clinical despair, or nervousness. Notably, the study noted that the above disorders could also interrupt sleep (Carpenter & Andrykowski, 1998). They asserted that irregular sleep habits are the leading cause of many psychological health issues. In one study, partakers were administered with antidepressant prescriptions, cognitive behavioral therapy, and a control treatment (Gunklman & Johnstone, 2005). The results showed that participants who received cognitive behavioral therapy together with the antidepressant medicine progressed well compared with those who were treated with control treatment and antidepressants. The percentage of reduction of despair for those administered with control and antidepressant was 33.0%. While, the declining rate for persons treated with cognitive behavioral therapy alongs
The history of the American automobile industry is one of the most prominent due to the historical framework which enabled the USA to become one of the major producers of cars and supplying equipment in the world. The fact that in the 1920s the American car industry encompassed 80 percent of the world’s volumes inspires and excites at the same time. This flow of corporate relations presents very strong and reliable perspectives on points of further consideration of customers’ requirements in terms of making life more convenient for people who use cars. General Motors Company (GMC) is one of the three main leaders of the American automobile industry. Its models are known in the world and are considered with the American ambivalence towards maximalism and everything powerful and capable of restraint the obstacles or dangers in technologies and machinery (Fine, p. 63). Chevrolet Camaro is a core aspect of the paper in its evolution during the historical changes within the period of the 1980s till present days. The popularity of this model was concerned with the powerful dimension of its characteristics and abilities on roads. It is the most distinguished representative of so-called “muscle cars.” The engine roar and speed are united in the concept of this car and labeled as a mark of appropriate quality. In accordance with historical cut, in the previous times, the commercials of Chevy Camaro took into account the main motives of Americanism and the dream which is so closely related to every human being to be born and brought up in the United States. It is a logical and grave trick of the Chevrolet advertisement agency which reckoned with not lagging behind the tendencies of the main competitors in the American segment of the automobile market. Also, not only the words but the visual representation played a significant role for better comprising of the most valued characteristics of the company and Chevy Camaro, in particular. Thus, in the advertisement of the 1980s, the role of the new Camaro was recognized with beauty, sport, relaxation, rest, beach, and pleasure on the whole. The extent of California is adhered to the car and invokes the reality of wealthy and healthy life with happy moments of it. On the other hand, the commercials of 1993 were a direct demonstration of global preferences of Americans due to the theme of bigness and peculiarities with which the US can be associated: “Chevy is launching its redesigned Camaro with the proposition that the car is as American as rock ‘n’ roll.” (Bush, p. 3). Rock ‘n’ Roll, Elvis and everything which is so significant for an American living regarding the traditional upbringing motives concerning patriotic motivation are the standpoints for publicity to think over the issue at the moment. Here the concept of communication (verbal and non-verbal) is quite significant. Alan Bush in his article gives a concrete and comprehensive evaluation of advertisement as a constituent part of commun
A year ago, Donald Trump who back then was the leading nominee from the Republican Party to compete in the Presidential elections, made a disturbing and a very distinct proposal by claiming that there should be a “total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States” (Pilkington par. 1; Beauchamp par.1). According to the statement released by Trump’s campaign, the shutdown was to go on “until our country’s representatives can figure out what the hell is going on” (“Donald Trump calls for a complete ban on Muslims entering the US – video”). In this statement, Trump referred to the terrorist attack that had taken place several days earlier in San Bernandino. In his statement, Trump mentioned that he would attempt to avoid profiling but run an investigation of the potential terrorist activities that could be conducted in the territory of the United States. The fact that he emphasized that Muslim immigrants are the ones to be banned from entering the United States indicates that Trump viewed all Muslim people are a threat. Even though Trump noted that he would address the issue of profiling and still has not launched the proposed action, his statement is directed against the Muslims who are currently dwelling in the United States and promotes hostility towards them as the representatives of a dangerous community. Over the last 15 years, the fear of terrorist attacks committed by the representatives of the Muslim world has been persisting in the United States. The level of Islamophobia has skyrocketed after the events of 9/11. For instance, as specified by Khan and Ecklund, in 2001, the rate of hate crimes and violence directed against the Muslim population grew by as much as 1700% (53). The fact that a presidential candidate that ended up winning the elections and becoming President made statements that utterly promote Islamophobic moods in the country is rather disturbing for the Muslim population in the United States and risks to initiate another period of anti-Muslim hostility. Arguing with this perspective, it is possible to mention the set of facts presented below. As reported in The Washington Post, a few months later, the statement was still present on the official website of Trump’s presidential campaign, and in the interviews, he refused to take it back (Johnson par. 4). However, Trump made a correction and added that when he used the word “Muslim” in his controversial proposal, he referred only to the individuals coming to the United States from the countries known for the high risk of terrorism (Johnson par. 7). This position was confirmed in another interview with Trump when a reporter asked whether or not the politician would see as a threat to his country a Muslim person coming from Scotland; Trump responded that this individual’s arrival would not bother him (Johnson par. 7). Further, the evolution of the proposal continued as Trump began to emphasize the temporary character of the offered ban; also, the former candidate mentioned that a very sophisticated and thorough vetting process would be a suitable alternative to the ban (“How Donald Trump’s Plan to Ban Muslims
Introduction Romantic relationships between a faculty member and a student at a university are an issue that is important for many people in an academic environment. The matter is discussed from many possible angles, including the need to distinguish sexual harassment from a consensual romantic involvement, and a real relationship from one that becomes a student’s instrument of improving the academic scores. It is evident that even when such a relationship is real, there are just as many drawbacks, as there are advantages. In order to elucidate the nature of the problem, it is crucial to discuss both sides of the question, including an ethical dimension, and suggest a way to reach a middle option. We will argue that both sides of this ongoing debate are rather radical in their approach and a pressing need arises to find a middle ground. Thus, the discussed type of relations should not be prohibited but their formal aspect carefully regulated so as it would affect neither the professor’s nor the student’s reputation and academic career. The “Pro” Position Paul Abrams, the author of the article entitled The Right to Romance: Why Universities Shouldn’t Prohibit Relations Between Teachers and Students , is a psychology professor at the University of Los Angeles, California. Abrams argues that there are no reasonable grounds for the legal prohibition of romantic relations between students and professors. The author employs several strong arguments, e.g. the freedom of expression, or “the freedom of mind” (Abrams para. 7). He maintains that it is unreasonable to forbid people from choosing freely their romantic partners in an academic milieu. Indeed, it is true that each individual has the right to choose whomever he or she pleases as a potential life partner. It is unreasonable and inconsistent with our understanding of the notion of freedom. Moreover, a law cannot regulate the emotional connection that is often established by the people involved. Thus, even professors and students that want to engage in such relations should have the right to do so. The tone Abrams uses to convince his audience is rather emotional and persuasive, as it emphasizes basic human aspects, to which everyone can easily relate. Official institutions should not have a say in such personal matters, as such an approach clearly infringes on human rights. A teacher-student r
Literature is one of the art forms invented by the humanity to reflect the phenomena of the objective reality. Drawing from this, all the ideas people have about their lives can be found in the literature. This paper will focus on two literary movements depicting the true-to-life stories of ordinary people without resorting to any symbolic pictures, etc.; these movements are realism and naturalism. Mark Twain’s “Huck Finn” will be considered as a realist piece of literature, while Jack London’s “The Law of Life” will be examined as an example of naturalism. To begin with, realism can be defined as a literary technique directed at faithful and actual describing of the real-life events and processes in the lives of ordinary people. In the middle of the 19 th century, realism was viewed as a protest against surrealism and romanticism. Naturalism became a continuation of realism by addressing the specific stories of specific people instead of generalizing reality.Accordingly, one of the features of this realism was the irony of the existing society and an attempt to change the established way of living where some people were higher in their social status than others. Naturalism, on the other hand, shows the good sides of the society it wants to change. Mark Twain in his “Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer among the Indians” demonstrates realism showing how two ordinary boys, Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer manifested their protest against the society trying to become closer to the nature that welcomed them: “The marvel of Nature shaking off sleep and going to work unfolded itself to the musing boy” (Twain, 2002, p. 71). One of the ways to break the rules the boys hated was becoming Indians and integrating into the nature: “No, better still, he would join the Indians and hunt buffaloes, and go on the war-path in the mountain ranges and the trackless great plains of the Far West” (Twain, p. 45). As contrasted to Twain’s work, “The Law of Life” by London is a depiction of positive experiences of ordinary people living in close connection with nature. There is no manifestation of protest in this work, vice versa London shows that understanding the laws of life and nature makes it easier for ordinary people to go their life-path and end it timely: “He did not complain. It was the way of life, and it was just. He had been born close to the earth, close to the earth had he lived, and the law thereof was not new to him” (London, 1994, p. 28). Moreover, London’s work is more philosophical than the one by Twain, as the author thinks over the solutions to social issues rather than treating them with irony: “Nature did not care. To life she set one task, gave one law. To perpetuate was the task of life, its law was death” (London, 1994, p. 29). To
The Net Working Capital Position Working capital= current assets-current liabilities Current assets in the year 1997 are valued at $ 286, while current liabilities are valued at $ 79.5 Networking capital in the year 1997 is given by $ 286-$ 79.5 = $ 206.5 Net working capital. Funding of Working Capital The company is funding its capital by focusing on accounts payable and notes payable while at the same time reducing the amount of held cash and securities. The approach adopted by the company is called aggressive current asset financing policy which aims at minimizing the amount of cash while increasing the amount of credit. This policy is used by the company to boost its sales revenue and increase the size of account receivables. Inventory Conversion Period and Average Receivable Collection Period   * Inventory conversion period= inventory/ cost of sold goods (365)   * 1997 inventory conversion period= 81.0/587.59×365= 50.32 days   * 1996 inventory conversion period=65.5/563.9×365=42.39 days   * 1995 inventory conversion period=41.9/549.27×365=27.84 days Average receivables collection period Is worked out by formula = Average accounts receivable/annual sales/365 Average account receivable= 183.1+152.6+129.8/3= $156.17 Annual sales= $1030.79/365= 2.84 156.17/2.82 =55.38 days. This is the average receivable collection period Cash conversion cycle for each of the years CCC= DSO+DIO-DPO In this case the D which represents the days will be assumed to be years 1997 DIO= average inventory/ cost of goods sold $ 81.0/587.59= 0.14 DSO= Average account receivable/revenue per period = 183.1/52.74=3.47 DPO= Accounts payable/ Cost of goods sold 55.7/587.59= 0.095 CCC for the year 1997 =114.77 days CCC for the year 1996 = 96.3 days CCC for the year 1995 = 78.2 days The Cost Of Funding Cash Conversion Period The CCC for the year 1997= 114.7 days The cost of funding conversion period is given by the difference between CCC and annual receivable conversion period = (114.7- 55.38)$ 1 = $ 59.40, by using credit the company would have saved the difference between cost of funding CCC and the inventory conversion period which is given by 59.40- 50.32= $ 9.08 Actions To Reduce The Need For Cash The company can apply for credit financing from local banks and suppliers The company can also increase the number of its securities. The company can use the line of credit in sales. Variables of Credit Policy The four variables which affect credit policy as indicated in the case of the company are the collectio
Student loans are an issue discussed by many in the US. On the one hand, they provide a possibility for people to get higher education without spending years to accumulate funds for it. Additionally, it can be strenuous to combine studying and working to pay for tuition fees and monthly expenses. The loans supposedly should make the task more accessible for those earning a degree. On the other hand, repaying those loans can be difficult. While student loans are intended to make it easier for people to get an education, the system has significant problems that make the process challenging. Earning a degree results in higher personal income, therefore enabling the repayment of the loan. Black, Filipek, Furman, Giuliano, and Narayan (2016) stated that the debt of students in the country totals at $1.3 trillion. Nearly half of students have an obligation they will have to repay once they begin building their careers. The authors argue that the loans are beneficial as students can have higher earnings after the graduation. Therefore, they can compensate those more easily (Black et al., 2016). The system in which the loans are organized is confusing, therefore resulting in many of them not being repaid. Barr, Chapman, Dearden, and Dynarski (2018) argue that this is because the borrowing process is similar to mortgages. There are fixed payments throughout a certain amount of time, placing a financial burden on a person. The authors offer an income-contingent loan program that would consider monthly income when setting the amount of payment (Barr et al., 2018). Some students choose to avoid taking a loan because of the difficulties associated with them. McKinney and Burridge (2015) have conducted a study on loan aversion, and have determined that negative attitudes towards the system can have damaging consequences for people. The issue arises because some choose not to borrow money due to the risks and problems associated with the process even in cases where it would be helpful. Therefore, the college loan system in the US should be modified to suit its purpose better.
Introduction Hunting has been described as a way of life, with some scholars observing that while we are presented with some specific necessities of life that we cannot avoid, the means with which we make use of these available opportunities like hunting is left to man’s creative mind of invention (Nelson, Bateson & Kerasote, 2005). Many believe that when one is out hunting, it is neither a fiction nor a farce; he is basically doing what the Paleolithic man practiced (O’Neil, 2002). This kind of argument could be related to the historical aspect of hunting where it was taken as a source of food by man. In the contemporary world, hunting has regenerated into other aspects such as leisure and commerce, giving the activity a new dimension different from what it was in early ages. For example, Wood (1996) highlights emergence of commercial hunting in the in the late 18 th century. He states that the restaurant menus in certain cities like New Orleans, St. Louis and Chicago between 1870s illustrated that there was a lot of wild game supplied by commercial hunters (Wood, 1996, p.139). So far United States banned commercial hunting of wild game. Many people have attributed the banning of commercial hunting to ethical reasons. In the contemporary hunting, it is critical to establish the difference between subsistence hunting, commercial hunting, general sport hunting. Subsistence hunting is principally meant to acquire food for human survival; commercial hunting is business-oriented; and sport hunting which is non-commercial in nature and is highly regu
The given proposal will primarily focus on the subject of Surya and his material representations in Hinduism. It is highly connected to course topics and readings because of the given being, and Hinduism, in general, revolves around statues, pictures, and other forms of depictions. I want to present my final project as a presentation that focuses on the point where Vishnu overshadowed Surya within the Hindu pantheon as the main god. Surya is all-knowing and all-seeing, looking around the whole world, seeing good and evil. He is born in the east, comes out of the heavenly gates and bypasses the earth and the sky. The main purpose of Surya is the emission of light, with which he illuminates the world, dispels darkness, diseases, and enemies, and his rays are likened to seven mares. I am interested to know the material aspect of this transition because Hinduists worshiped the Sun god for several centuries prior to Vishnu. It is also exciting to assess and analyze the minor elements of Surya’s material manifestations due to the fact that he is always depicted with lesser beings. The main challenge that I might encounter is the lack of sufficient resources and literature in English.
The three statues represent presumably a single composition. They are dated 350-300 years before Christ (“Sculptural Group of a Seated Poet and Sirens”). The two women sculptures with bird legs can unmistakably be identified as sirens. Sirens in Greek mythology are the beings that lure sailors to lead their ships closer to them, which eventually leads to a crash. The man who sits between them on a chair is presumably Orpheus, the legendary poet, and singer. He was believed also to influence people’s behavior through his music and singing. However, there is a certain controversy as to whether the man on the chair is Orpheus. The basis of this doubt is that in Greek mythology Orpheus used to wear Eastern-style clothes (“Ancient Terracottas”). Thus, a vase painting that depicts Orpheus among Thracians features the poet dressed in Eastern clothes indicating his ethnicity. Here he wears a Greek tunic that is often attributed to the style of philosophers. In Apulian vases, the character stands among underworld creatures like Cerberus holding a scroll with a religious text and kithara. Kithara, an ancient musical instrument, is a more typical attribute of Orpheus than his clothes. Another indication that a seated man is Orpheus is that he is almost always portrayed as a young person without a beard. The musical instrument appears to have been present in the left hand of the statue but was lost due to unknown reasons. The three figures are believed to be a part of a grave decoration, as Orpheus is well-known for his successful travels to and from the underworld using his talents to cheat Cerberus. The sirens also are symbols connected with death. The three statues were brightly decorated and painted which also gives a reason to believe that it was previously a decoration of a grave. Works Cited “Ancient Terracottas.” Getty.Edu . 2018, Web. Conard, Nicholas J. “A Female Figurine from the Basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in Southwestern Germany.” Nature , vol. 459, no. 7244, 2009, pp. 248-252. Garate, Diego et al. “At the Crossroad: A New Approach to the Upper Paleolithic Art in the Western Pyrenees.” Quaternary International , vol. 364, 2015, pp. 283-293. “Head of Kind David.” Met Museum. n.d., 2018. Web. Holmes, L., and G. Harbottle. “Old stones, new science.” Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 248, no. 1, 2001, pp. 75-79. “Sculptural Group of a Seated Poet and Sirens (2) with unjoined fragmentary curls (304).” Getty.Edu . n.d., Web.