Tools and Methods used to Study the Crusades The history of Crusades has been studied by the use of different interdisciplinary; this includes the participation of art historians, theologians, archeologists among other disciplines methods to ascertain the period, and the people who were involved. 1 A case in point is the study of specific happenings during the Crusades to provide a big picture of the historical organization and time. For example, in the study of the Crusader Castle of Vadum Iacob, 2 geoarchaeological method and analysis of artifacts were the main methods used to understand the Crusades. The artifacts were excavated and subjected to analysis to obtain accurate information about the happening. The geoarchaeology incorporated archeoseismology. Therefore, the following paper explores the use of geoarchaeology and analysis of the artifacts to study Crusades with a key focus on the Crusader Castle of Vadum Iacob. Type of Information that can be Discovered Using the Tools and Methods Geoarchaeology is an interdisciplinary method that encompasses geography, archeology, history, and scientific processes to obtain information. It involves the excavation of identified points on the earth’s surface to examine the evidence relating to the happening being studied. In the case of the Crusades, the type of information that can be discovered is the probable dates of the Crusades, the type of people involved, and the rationale for the happening. Geoarchaeology also entails the study of archeoseismology which allows understanding the occurrences of past earthquakes in the region and their effect on the historical evidence. For instance, the assessment of the faulting in the area around the Castle of Vadum Iacob enabled the establishment of accurate dates of the Crusades. Artifacts discovered after excavation are used to provide information through contextualization and theorization. The excavation of various locations at the castle led to the discovery of equid remains that provided archeological evidence of the attackers and the people who were in the castle. 3 The articulated skeletons of pigs with numerous arrowheads signify information of a religious castigated attack as Muslims consider the pigs to be unclean animals which prompted their killings. Muslims could not have stayed with pigs in the castle. Also, working tools scattered around such as hoes, spades, picks all made of iron showed that the castle was under construction at the time of the attack. Role of the Methods Both the geoarchaeological and analysis of artifacts methods are used to exemplify the key people involved in the Crusades and the time. The archeoseismology shows the earthquakes that must have taken place after the destruction of the castle. This is evidenced by the displacement of the walls. The Muslim mosque unearthed on the northern side of the castle had displaced wall, a pointer of the earthquakes that happened after the Crusades. Also, the study of the pottery shows that the mosque was rebuilt at least two times, a possible suggestion of the effect of the earthquakes. The discovery of the copper coin TVRRIS DAVIT enabled historians to understand the political leadership at the time and the probable people who