ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Fiscal consolidation is a policy that is designed targeting the reduction of a national crisis. It works towards reducing the debts that are incurred by a particular nation as much as possible. The success of any fiscal consolidation policy depends largely on how the policy is designed and also on how it is implemented. Fiscal consolidation can have both short term and long term effects. The policy is designed and directed towards achievement of positive results, although sometimes negative effects can result. In order to achieve long term benefits, the policy must incorporate strategies that can freely adapt to various economies of the world. Some of the long run benefits of the fiscal consolidation are highlighted below. Effect on demand The fiscal consolidation policy has a positive long run impact on demand. This occurs when the government of a nation uses the consumption expenditure strategy in order to achieve the fiscal consolidation. An increase in demand is usually achieved since savings of the government are generally improved, meaning that the overall savings of the nation also improve. With improved savings, the real interest rates go down (Rother, Schuknecht & Stark 2010). This is a factor that contributes to an increase in aggregate demand since low interests will attract more customers. This is best illustrated in the banking institutions. Increased outcome In macroeconomics, outcome is the general output obtained as a result of incorporating labor, resources and capital. An increase in the three factors can contribute to an increase in a nation’s outcome. The use of Fiscal consolidation leads to an increase in the outcome of a nation. We have seen that the government’s savings are generally improved through the use of the consumption expenditure strategy. The government increases its consumption expenditure by absorbing a given quantity of the nation’s resources. This reduces the available resources to the households sector (Coenen & Strauab 2008). The decrease in resources to households forces them to reduce their consumption expenditure and in turn, increase labor supply. This is achieved by increasing the number of hours worked per head. More working hours, and more working people, increases the amount of output in the nation. Increased investments This is yet another benefit associated with the fiscal consolidation policy. So far, we have seen that, labor is increased as a result of increased number of working people and increased number of working hours. Since labour is readily available, the wages of workers are bound to fall. This is true following the argument that shows that, whenever something is available in plentiful quantities, its value tends to go down (Rother et al 2010). Thus, although workers work for more hours, their wages reduce by a given rate. In many economies, investors will try to invest in sectors where the wages for labour are reduced. They do this in order to intensify their profits while reducing their expenditure. Thus, the
Introduction Health is regarded as one of the critical aspects affecting human life. In essence, health refers to an individual’s well-being. Notably, there are internal and external factors that affect the health status of an individual. This paper analyses the West Nile Virus (WNV) as one of the external factors that affect an individual’s health status. The name of the virus is derived from where it was first discovered. In this case, it was first detected in the West Nile district, Uganda during the late 1930s. This virus was first detected in birds. Nevertheless, the virus has been noted to affect human beings too (Craven & Roehrig, 2001; Murray, Ruktanonchai, Hesalroad, Fonken & Nolan, 2013). There is a need to enhance the understanding of the West Nile Virus, and how it affects people so that necessary measures can be taken to prevent its spread. The effects of West Nile Virus on the body via various organ systems As an external factor affecting human health, the West Nile Virus has several impacts on the body. These effects are particularly felt on the various organ systems in the human body. For example, the virus may cause numerous complications in the human body. This is quite common when the virus appears in its severe form. Some of the symptoms of the virus on individuals include seizures and headache. Other symptoms include high fever, rigid neck, and misperception among others. This is an indication that the virus has a great impact on the vital body organs. Indeed, it has been noted that the WNV causes encephalitis. This refers to an infection in the brain. This virus can also lead to meningitis. There is also evidence that the virus can lead to the swelling of the brain and the spinal cord. These are critical organs of the central nervous system. Therefore, the WNV can lead to serious neurological effects among the affected individuals. Furthermore, this virus can lead to permanent muscle weakness (Diamond, 2009). The effects of West Nile Virus on the individual’s lifestyle The West Nile Virus is known to affect the lifestyle of individuals in various ways. Therefore, people will have to adopt new lifestyles that are meant to keep mosquitoes at bay. Notably, the virus is spread through mosquito bites. Thus, it is essential for individuals to adopt a lifestyle that will minimize their exposure to the mosquitoes. For example, when an individual stays indoors during dusk and dawn, it will prevent the individual from being exposed to mosquitoes. In this case, these are the hours when mosquitoes are very acti
Outline The Persian Gulf region is perhaps unique in its homogeneity of religion and culture with some glaring dissonance as accentuated by the Shia Iran and the Sunni Arab States divide. Saudi Arabia with its advantage of having the largest known proven deposits of oil in the world and being the ‘keeper of the Islamic Faith’ has a significant influence on the development and policies of the Gulf region. This essay aims to examine the country’s role in the Persian Gulf region under the changed dynamics of trade and globalization. The essay first examines the geo-political overview to get an orientation of the region to better understand the issues being discussed. It then explains how the initial use of ‘oil as a weapon’ by Saudi Arabia and the OPEC is no longer possible in this age of globalization. The essay then examines the economic and legalistic effects of trade and globalization on the Persian Gulf region and argues that many traditional Islamic laws and mechanisms have had to be re-examined by the Gulf States to find ways and means to align them with international trade mechanisms. Coupled with economics is the social and cultural change which globalization brings in its wake and the essay examines this issue in detail laying out the positive and negative aspects of globalization. The author of this essay then offers a possible theoretical model for explaining the globalization paradigm in the Persian Gulf wherein the interplay with rate of globalization and the corrective action and policies taken could result in either maintenance of a ‘Dark Age’, a transitional shift, a descent into anarchy or a promised ‘Golden Age’. Trade and Globalization: The Role of Saudi Arabia in the Persian Gulf Region Since the discovery of oil in the desert wastelands of Saudi Arabia 1 , the country has wielded tremendous influence as the leader of the Muslim world with far reaching impact on the global geo-political and geo-strategic calculus. Till the early nineties, this influence followed the traditional duality of being the ‘keeper of Muslim faith’ and being the key swing producer of oil on account having the largest known proven deposits of the ‘black gold’ in the world. However, the advent of globalization and changing dynamics of international trade have brought in significant change in how Saudi Arabia conducts its business which includes maintaining a delicate balance with its Muslim constituency and being the interface and the ally of the West through its relations with the United States of America. The Persian Gulf region is witnessing far reaching changes being wrought by globalization and the internationalization of trade. Saudi Arabia being a key player has a significant role in the region and this essay aims to examine the country’s role in the Persian Gulf region under the changed dynamics of trade and globalization. Geo-Political Overview The Persian Gulf countries have some remarkable commonalities as well as differences. All countries bordering the Persian Gulf are Muslim countries. All countries are signifi
Langston Hughes is a bright and outstanding personality who gave the world a lot of creative works. He is an innovator in jazz poetry, the inspiration of a unique movement for American culture known as the “Harlem Renaissance,” and the creator of a fashion for the style of bebop. His works reflect the strong influence of the black experience and the outstanding jazz culture of his era. Ups and downs, victories and disappointments, intrigues, contradictions, and intricacies – all this surrounded the writer throughout his difficult life. The essay briefly summarizes and concludes the study results of the writer’s creativity and biography, emphasizing critical points in the process of research, study, and application of this information at the practical level. The writer is an excellent example of the fusion of the working class, proletariat, and higher spiritual values. The writer’s works are extremely simple and understandable to everyone, but at the same time, they are filled with the most profound thought. Although shared with the literary world as a whole, his works were shaped by the experience of African Americans (Miller, 2020). His fate, as well as the world and the people he encountered, prompted him to make a cardinal decision – to change the modern American way of life with the help of words and music. Langston Hughes is a model for understanding better thoughts, feelings, emotions, the worldview of the creative person, which is poured out on paper and transformed into letters, symbols, and signs. Thus, “putting ourselves” in the poet’s place, we were imbued with his inner world and also his knowledge of the surrounding reality. We have studied the biography and work of the writer in depth, learned about the turning points in his life that influenced his style and manners, ways of writing, the images and thoughts he created. Studying the poet’s work and his life in the classroom helped us to form a clear opinion about the American innovator and “revolutionary.” Hughes is the owner of broad views on the world and American everyday life. His character and personality hardened him; the poetry gift and talent helped him become what history remembers him and thanks humanity. The poet’s actions exemplify firmness and steadfast spirit, and his speeches inspire new feats and achievements. His creativity is a searchlight among the lack of culture and dispassion to human problems. The words chosen by Langston can capture complex but familiar feelings of love and hate, pain, suffering, and rage. In addition, his works are distinguished by jazz rhythms and blues motifs to express thoughts and feelings through the sound of instruments and voice. This information helped me to learn and understand the subt
In the current paper, three documents about the riots during different periods are discussed to understand what made people go against the ruler and support those, who preferred disorders and disobedience. Each source of information is a unique approach for people to use and realize the differences between the stages and reasons for riots. One of the stories introduces the way of how people can resist each other. The second story is about the reactions to misunderstandings that take place around. And the third story is the evaluation of the actions done. “A True Narrative of the Rise” is the report of the King’s Commissioner about the causes and the development of the rebellion organized by Bacon, a person, who imposed his opinion and chose poor unfair means to support his position. What he did was pretending distrust of the Governor, doing everything possible to involve as many people as possible in his activities, and telling people about the cowardice of the Governor’s party (“A True Narrative of the Rise” 67). This report introduces the situation when it is so easy to mislead people and use the Indian crisis as the reason to change the government and offer new individual conditions in Virginia. The reasons for why people want to raise riots may vary, and the “Letter Written by William Shirley” is another example of why people use violence to achieve their goals. The author of this letter, Shirley, demonstrated his discontent with the impressments and intentions of the King’s government to implement the changes that were hard to understand. People were impressed by the British navy during a certain period (“Letter Written by William Shirley” 69). This letter helps to realize that even if the governments continue neglecting the possibility of the riots and rebellion among people, they realize that oppressed people can take some serious steps to change the situation and improve the conditions under which they have to live. Despite the desire to demonstrate their power and confidence in everything done, the leaders do have doubts and do want to do something to avoid cruelty, because they are afraid of their inabilities to resist. Finally, the “Account of the New York Tenant Riots” written in 1794 is the last story that provides an overview of the events in New York and people’s discontents about the necessity to be under the control of the Dutch and be kept in great consternation (“Account of the New York Tenant Riots” 77). This evaluation introduces the riot as the impossibility to listen and be heard. The only way out was to kill, demonstrate violence, and underline the unfair treatment of ordinary people. This reading shows that it was not enough just to kill. It was more important to create some wounds to send a message and demonstrate the level of seriousness preferred. In general, all these three readings create a powerful picture of how different people treated riots and misunderstandings that took place between the government and the ordinary people. It was not an easy task to prove the chosen position. Still, it was possible to use violence and power to explain the intentions and prove the pos
What You Bring to the Classroom I am Mr. David Christoffel. I will be your instructor for this course. I bring with me various strengths and weaknesses, which will affect my teaching activities and your learning as students. I am going to work closely with you to identify these strengths and weaknesses, which will guide the teaching and learning process. I am also looking forward to your active participation throughout the course to ensure that you gain the needed knowledge and skills from the course. Strengths The first strength concerns my vast knowledge that I have gained in the past five (5) years in online learning through studies and experience as an online instructor. With such knowledge, I am confident that I am in a good position to offer skills and knowledge that students will find helpful and relevant to their training processes. I also have strong presentation skills. I strongly believe in teamwork to facilitate meaningful learning. I will use my creativity to ensure that students are learning and/or using teamwork to participate adequately throughout their learning process. Weaknesses One of my weaknesses is assuming that students have understood the concepts that I teach, especially when the students do not ask questions. However, I am working towards reducing this weakness through my increased participation in individual student progress to ensure that I can point their weaknesses and gaps in knowledge. Lastly, I am more effective in physical class than in online class. In this case, it is evident that I always feel a disconnection between the online class and my profession as an instructor. However, I am working towards eliminating this weakness by adopting essential social media presence approaches, which will help to reduce the gap between the students and me. Social Presence As your instructor for this course, I am very central to any meaningful learning process. My main work will be to guide you in this course. I will use various approaches to promoting social presence, which is a central tenet in the online learning platform. I will expect your cooperation throughout the learning process to ensure the best outcomes for your learning. I will use the following approaches to ensure social presence:  1. Affective Social Presence: In this approach, I will focus on expressing and responding to emotions, feelings, and mood concerning students’ behavior, learning outcomes, and questions in the process of instructing (Kehrwald 89)  2. Interactive Social Presence: Online learning is highly dependent on the effectiveness of various technologies that facilitate communication and interaction. In this approach, I will seek to show evidence of reading, attending, understanding, and thinking about other people’s responses concerning various questions and issues that arise during the learning process (Kerr, Rynearson, and Kerr 96)  3. Cohesive Social Presence: In this approach, the focus is on ensuring that I deliver or encourage
Objective   * Telehealth uses information technology.   * Provides patients with care even at long distances.   * Supports public health. Telehealth is a new model of delivering healthcare services to patients using innovational technology. The Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (n.d.) defines it as “the use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient and professional health-related education, public health and health administration” (para. 1). An essential element of Telehealth is that unlike telemedicine, it incorporates training and educational activities, thus, addressing a broader scope of issues in the current medical industry. This presentation has an objective to describe the need for healthcare services that apply Telehealth, explain the specifics of Synchronous Telehealth and Asynchronous Telehealth. In addition, it will outline an emerging technology and its impact on nursing and provide a personal opinion on the matter. Need for Telehealth Services   * More convenient when compared to traditional services.   * Significantly reduces costs for patients and providers.   * Grants easy access to people in remote locations.   * Can be used to address acute and chronic conditions.   * Better diagnostics and improved outcomes of treatment.   * Allows home monitoring of conditions.   * Nursing shortage can be addressed via Telehealth. In order to fully understand why Telehealth is an enormously important technology for the healthcare system in the US, it is necessary to examine the current issues that it has. Dorsey and Topol (2016) argue that similar approaches, for instance, consultations via telephone, where used by some physicians for many years. However, only recently, the policy makers and professionals working in healthcare dedicated significant efforts towards using new technology to contact patients. This approach is valid because it allows a physician to address a variety of health conditions without a need to see the patient in person. Apart from convenience and access that is the primary feature of this technology, Telehealth allows minimizing medical expenses for patients. Telehealth allows delivering healthcare services through telephones, smartphones, and other technological devices, making it accessible to millions of people. The California Telehealth Resource Center (n.d.) argues that it allows “impact some of the most challenging problems of our current healthcare system: access to care, cost-effective delivery, and distribution of limited providers” (para. 1). As a result of easy access, patients can have improved health outcomes because in general, conditions that are addressed in the early stages are more easy to treat. In ICU’s, this technology reduces both mortality rates and length of stay for patients (The California Telehealth Resource Center, n.d.). Home monitoring is an essential aspect of cost cutting without harming the quality of care. Synchr
Strategies to incorporate when engaged in a strong discussion A discussion refers to a situation where two parties are involved in a conversation about a particular topic with the intention of getting more insight about the topic. Both parties normally prepare for the event so that once it starts the flow will not be interrupted. All the parties are expected to contribute to the topic and share the ideas they have (Ur 56). Preparation is, therefore, important as it ensures that any question that may arise will be tackled without any hesitation. A discussion may get intense and deep such that it requires some techniques to be able to get through it successfully. Some of the strategies that one may employ under these circumstances are discussed below. The first strategy is to maintain ones composure. It is very important to be composed throughout the discussion. This will ensure that a person is able to respond promptly and accurately to any question that may be subjected to him/her. Composure also increases the confidence of a person. It ensures that the manner in which the discussion is carried out will be in order. Composure will also aid in ensuring that the discussion will be carried out to completion. If one is not composed, he/she may end up aborting the discussion prematurely (Ur 57). The second strategy is to ensure that one is prepared enough for the topic to be discussed. Adequate and wide research about the topic to be discussed needs to be conducted before one goes for the discussion. Preparation ensures that one is able to respond to any situation appropriately. It also ensures that even if the discussion becomes heated, the parties are still able to give sensible responses and they do not overreact. Adequate preparation also ensures that the parties expect all sorts of questions during the discussion thus preventing any feeling of discomfort during the discussion. This situation may arise if questions which the parties participating in the discussion had not prepared for come up. Shelby Steele’s perspective about affirmative action Firstly, Shelby believes that there are bargainers and challengers. The challengers are the groups of people who when they consider someone to be a racist will keep this belief until the person proves themselves otherwise. On the other hand, the bargainers are those who decide to cope with the racists so long as