ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Ethical issues in the legal case of Merrill Lynch In 2005 and 2006, a group of complainants filed racism charges against Merrill Lynch. They did it for the benefit of former Black American financial advisors and financial trainees (Hartman & DesJardins, 2013). The claims stated that Merrill Lynch was involved in favoritism, which limited Black Americans from getting business prospects and clients’ accounts. As a result, the Black Americans received lower salaries and felt demeaned. The organizational culture at Merrill Lynch did not favor the Black Americans. In 2005, only five percent of all the financial advisors were Black American and very few of them were employed as brokers. The lawsuit also stated that Merrill Lynch hindered career growth of the Black Americans (Craig, 2007). They received no promotion hence they did not advance in their career. Consequently, the Black American employees were demoralized and their work was affected negatively. Racism was wrong because it allowed practices that were a hindrance to getting employment prospects. A statement of whether the ethical issue is wrong or not and why Showing favoritism based on race is unlawful. It is against federal laws for a company to practice racism. The law protects employees against racism in all aspects of employment and work conditions. A lawsuit can be filed against a company that discriminates certain individuals from promotion and other employment gains. Discrimination is wrong because it hinders capable persons from taking leadership opportunities in the corporate level. Racism is also wrong because it makes the company lose many business prospects (Craig, 2007). If the management is composed of people from different races, it will have a wide range of ideas and views. Therefore, it will benefit from the prospects that a multicultural setting gives. If a company does not support a multicultural leadership, the company may lose considerable profits. In addition, a bad organizational culture is created that does not embrace a multicultural system. Laws and government regulation to avoid the ethical problem, and the internal controls that might have prevented this situation Laws and government regulation are required to avoid the ethical problem. If a company has racial discrimination, a lawsuit can be filed against the company. To avoid racism at Merrill Lynch, certain practices could have been adopted. Merrill Lynch could have planned trainings on racism, diversity, and employees’ rights. As a result, the workforce could be aware of their rights, and federal laws that pertain to employment. In addition, Merrill Lynch could have endorsed policies that fight against racism such as affirmative action. Moreover, Merrill Lynch could have encouraged a culture that embraces diversity (Ferrell & Fraedrich, 2009). The company could have accomplished this goal by giving employment opportunities and promotions to both Black and White Americans on equal terms. Merrill Lynch could also encourage team-b
From the onset, an author lets the readers know which characters are important. This is the norm in any literary medium, including novels, plays, poems, and short stories. Other characters in works of literature are given a considerably less face time compared to the main character. In long works of literature such as novels and plays, minor characters take up a substantial space of the literary medium. However, in short, literary works such as poems and short stories, the main characters end up taking most of the space with minor characters contending with very little coverage. In short stories, the author mostly focuses on the protagonist’s details. Therefore, only very few and relevant details about the non-protagonist characters are supplied to the readers. Nevertheless, those few details and subtle, indirect hints often help the reader to infer some helpful insights and understandings about the non-protagonist characters in a short story. This paper defends this notion using details about the character of Fortunato in Edgar Poe’s “The Cask of Amontillado.” The main character in “The Cask of Amontillado” is Montresor with Fortunato being a minor character in the short story. Also, Montresor is the story’s narrator, and a lot of details about his character are revealed in the story. On the other hand, the readers only learn about Fortunato’s character by gathering few and scanty details about him through his actions, words, and Montresor, the story’s narrator. At the beginning of the story, it is revealed that Fortunato is the victim of Montessori’s revenge plan. However, Montresor, the narrator does not reveal much about his prey, including the details about how Fortunato insulted him. After learning that Fortunato is the victim, the readers can sympathize and relate with his character. The fact that Fortunato’s accuser does not back his accusations against him makes the readers suspicious. I t is also possible to know that Fortunato is addicted to wine. Montresor’s revenge plan is modeled around Fortunato’s wine addiction. Montresor is almost certain that Fortunato cannot resist the temptation of wine. On the other hand, Fortunato falls into Montresor’s trap quite easily. Even when Fortunato starts to cough, and Montresor offers him the chance to back off from his quest, he does not give up on the chance of tasting good wine. Fortunato is already drunk by the time he and Montresor get to the catacombs. Fortunato’s addiction seems to be his main undoing and eventually leads to his defeat. Even though the short story does not dwell on Fortunato’s character, readers can decipher that he is insensitive. First, it does not look like he realizes that he hurt Fortunato. Second, when Montresor comes to carry out his revenge on him (Fortuna
Viability refers to the state wherein a fetus is capable of an independent existence after birth. The age of viability is taken as 28 months after conception in developed countries. The concept of teratogenesis has highly influenced our perceptions of the defects that may form in an unborn child. Various teratogenic substances have been identified as the major cause of the inborn birth defect. Substance abuse has been regarded as the number one among the various teratogenic substances. Medical drug abuse is one thing but using drugs daily, without prescription is the dilemma that the present-day medical community is facing in today’s world. Many factors may interact with the differentiating and growing embryo. The result however is not necessarily a gross malformation. In some cases, the teratogenic substance may be so toxic that or may affect a vital system of the embryo or fetus so severely that death ensues. A variety of agents are known to produce congenital malformations in approximately 2-3 % of all live-born infants. Effects of teratogens also depend upon maternal and fetal genotype, the stage of development when exposure occurs, and the dose, duration, and exposure of the agent. Most major malformations are produced during the period of embryogenesis but in stages, before and after this time the fetus is also susceptible so that no period of gestation is completely free of risk (Sandler, pg 136-160). Prevention of many birth defects is possible, but it depends on beginning preventive measures before conception and increasing physician’s and women’s awareness of the risks. Prenatal screening techniques include ultrasonography, amniocentesis, and CVS. These procedures are used for determining placental and fetal growth, congenital malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities. Now the question as to whether mothers should be prosecuted for using substances that may result in defects in their newborn children or worse cases “fetal death”. Anyway looking at this from a neutral perspective one is enthralled at the apathy of the authorities in curbing the menace of drug abuse. Drug abuse is a medical problem and it needs to be addressed in the same manner as any other medical problem. The level of awareness regarding the drugs being abused is what constitutes the question of safe drug practices. In a study funded by the national drug abuse, it has been found out that the maximum number of abortions took place in the mothers who abused one drug or the other. In a similar study, it was also found out that a stark relationship occurs between drug abuse and fetal defects. Ever since the first woman was prosecuted in Illinois, the USA in 1960 this has resulted in more than 20 American states have prosecuted women whose children ended up having either defects or abortions (Murphy). However human rights groups argue that laws like this, on one hand, take away the right of abortion from a woman, and on the other hand laws like these seem preposterous in the wake of the problem of drug abuse. A more compassionate view of the issue needs to be taken. According
Introduction Airports are some of the most important infrastructures in a country. It is through these facilities that passengers are able to engage in local and international travel. The safety of the airport is therefore of great importance. One of the hazards that the airport should be protected from is fire. Fires can hinder the normal operations of the airport with major negative consequences. Most airports therefore have well equipped fire stations for use in case of an emergency. I had an internship experience at an Airport Fire Station. In this paper, I will highlight what I learnt from my internship. Familiarization to Fire Station The first step in my internship involved orientation with the airport fire station. My supervisor was responsible for ensuring that I was properly familiarized with the airport fire station. The airport served by the fire station is very large. It has many terminals and serves millions of passengers per year. Many planes land and take off from the airport each day. These planes range from very large to small ones. The frequency of traffic increases the chances of an accident happening. The fire station was strategically located so that it could provide rapid response to the runways, taxiways, and even terminals. All the roads from the airport fire station had to be kept clear so that emergency vehicles could move as soon as an emergency was announced. There were frequent routine inspections of equipment in the fire station. The firefighters inspected the rigs and the fire apparatus. Routine cleaning and maintenance of equipment also occurred. Extinguishing Procedures The fire station had a number of fire engine vehicles. These vehicles carry extinguishing agents that are capable of putting out the highly inflammable aviation fuel. The airport serves aircrafts of different sizes. This includes small light planes and jumbo jets carrying tones of cargo or hundreds of passengers. The fire engines used therefore have extinguishing agents that include dry chemicals used to repress large volatile fires. In the event of a fire, a vehicle carrying water and another one carrying the dry extinguishing chemicals are used. For small aircrafts with a length of less than 27m, only 100 gallons of water and dry chemicals are needed and one vehicle can be used. For midsized planes, ranging between 27m and 38m, two vehicles are used to put out the fire. One vehicle carries the water while the other carries the dry chemical needed to produce a foam of 1,500 gallons. Large aircraft of between 38m and 48m require three vehicles with one vehicle carrying the chemical and two carrying the water needed to produce at least 3,000 gallons of foam. For airplanes between 48m and 61m, three vehicles are used and at least 4,000 gallons of foam is required. For aircrafts longer than 61m, three vehicles are used and the minimum foam to be produced is 6,000 gallons. Radio Procedures Communication is of great importance in the airport fire stati
Nowadays, it becomes increasingly clear to more and more Americans that there is something deeply wrong with the functioning of the country’s ‘free-market’ economy. The validity of such their realization is best illustrated, regarding the fact that since the 20 th century’s early nineties (following the collapse of the USSR), the socio-economic realities in the US never ceased being affected by the continual widening of a gap between the rich and poor – the process that continues to pick up momentum as we speak. Therefore, it comes as no particular surprise that throughout the last two decades, the number of American intellectuals who criticize the inadequacies of the Neoliberal (American) version of Capitalism has grown rather dramatically. John Grisham and his essay “My Turn: Somewhere for Everyone” come as a good example in this respect. Moreover, the anti-Capitalist public sentiment appears to be shared by many American film directors, as well, which in turn results in the production of documentaries like the 2013 “Capitalism: A Love Story” (directed by Michael Moore). Thus, it will be fully appropriate to draw parallels between the mentioned essay and film, as such that promote essentially the same idea – if allowed to proceed unopposed, the ongoing ‘corporatization’ of the public domain in the US (endorsed by Neoliberals) will inevitably result in transforming America from being a democracy into an authoritarian oligarchy of the worst kind. What this means is that there may soon be no ‘middle class’ citizens in this country, but only the extremely rich (minority) and extremely poor (majority) ones. In this respect, Grisham’s essay and Moore’s film can be referred to in terms of a ‘social warning’ to all Americans – something that justifies the discussion of both pieces in close conjunction with each other. One of the main suggestions, advocated by Grisham in his essay, is that there is much hypocrisy to the manner in which American society addresses the issue of more and more of its members growing impoverished, which in turn causes many of the affected individuals to end up living out on the street. As the author noted: “The word ‘homeless’ as a description for very poor people was never used. They were called hungry or needy, or they were winos or hobos, but never homeless” (Grisham par. 1). As it appears out of the essay’s context, it is being done intentionally to marginalize the problem of homelessness and to encourage people to think that it has very little to do with the functioning of this country’s polit
It is necessary to have health care physicians providing holistic services to patients, especially children, with reference to the environmental meta-paradigm of nursing. Physicians in the health care system must be actively involved in providing care beyond the walls of the health care facility. They should be actively engaged in ensuring patients and their families live in an environment that does not subject them to recurrent health hazards. The traditional model of offering child health care is based on four factors, including affordability, accessibility, whether it is appropriate, and availability. Accessibility entails the physical proximity of health care centers and some barriers like language. Cultural issues must be considered when enhancing accessibility to health care services. Affordability entails the cost of acquiring quality health care services for child patients. This factor encapsulates the financial status of the parents and the presence of insurance coverage for the children. The services available in the facility must also be appropriate to suffice the needs of the children. It entails the presence of the necessary equipment and expertise to help the children. Parents need to feel safe and welcome to the clinics to keep bringing their children for health care services, and this spells out the availability of the services. It is the obligation of the physicians in charge of a patient to ensure they spend ample time with the patients and their relatives. The physicians should develop a culture of getting involved in providing education to parents, and helping them develop a long-term health care plan for their children. Clinicians must also train to ask the right questions to utilize the short time they spend with the patients and their relatives. Physicians must also be compelled to collect demographic data on their patients to develop a clear understanding of the environmental needs in which their patients might need assistance. Physicians should also start questioning the children to identify some of their individual needs because parents do not always give the appropriate answers. For instance, nurses s
State building is the process of creating new governments or transforming the existing ones to enhance the governance process (Coyne and Pellillo 6). This concept is highly utilized by established states on entities extensively rocked by political instabilities. It is usually an intervention by well-established organizations. These organizations, establish strategies for renewing the failed states. In those places where it is rampant, it highly creates a governing regime with competitive personnel thus enhancing the state’s operational effectiveness (Coyne and Pellillo 7). In as much as state building is a method of reforming failed/failing states, it is crucial to note that states cannot be build without commitment. According to Hezbollah’s secretary general, it is impossible to build states. Sources indicate that establishing suitable governance for Lebanon might be impossible. The formation of militia groups intending to sabotage the America’s plan of enhancing peace and prosperity for Lebanon poses many challenges (Coyne and Pellillo 15). Sources confirmed existence of authorities working to aid the militia group’s effort of dismantling the America’s plan to help Lebanon’s political as well as economic wellness. If this militia’s strategy succeeds, then it would become impossible for the American project to succeed. The escalating possession of superior weapons by the militia makes the project impractical. He argued that challenges witnessed resulted from availability of many political parties that derailed the entire process. In the year 2001, the Taliban movement in Afghanistan led to many consequences. The war left the entire economy poor and the country wrecked (Krause 17). In an endeavor to rebuild the state, the government came up with new development strategies. Back in 2010, the Afghanistan government initiated a project known as the Kabul process. The idea behind it was to enhance good leadership for the country thus realizing the anticipated growth in future. In an effort to achieve these goals, the Afghanistan government initiated 23 programs mainly addressing good service delivery, a responsible governing system, and infrastructure development (Krause 33). The government also requested the interested donors to implement programs aligned to Afghanistan’s “National Priority Programs” (Krause 33). Additionally, other international bodies interested in the country’s development have initiatives similar to those for the country. The International Development Agency (IDA) plays a momentous part in helping Afghanistan’s gover
Introduction Vessels running aground have occurred many times since the history of navigation. The incident in 2004 when the 4,450 tonne chemical tanker, Attilio Ievoli, ran aground on Lymington Banks in the West Solent. Adopting an explicit reflection, this analytical treatise offers an informed review of the events leading to this accident thorough investigation of human activities in the 4,450 tonnes Attilio Ievoli just a few moments before the accident. Besides, the treatise offers recommendations to ship steers to avoid the occurrence of the same incident in the future. Specifically, the main event that led to the chemical tanker Attilio Ievoli running aground on Lymington Banks in the west Solent can be located in the miscommunication between the Master and the relieving officer who continued with the change of course without accurate consultation of the previous plan for navigating and manoeuvring between the two vessels in a relatively high tide environment. Basically, this reflective treatise attempts to expound on events that led to the occurrence of this incident when the vessel hit the buoy despite clear visibility and full functioning of the ship radar. In addition, the report offers practical solutions for avoiding the occurrence of such an accident in the busy traffic seaways in the future. The aim of this report is to present actual finding on the probable cause of the accident in which the 4,450 chemical tanker to run aground just some few moments after the change of guard between the ship Master and the relieving officer. This aim is represented in a report finding a module for the causes of the accident, distribution of liability, what could have been done to avoid th
Globalization is a contemporary term that refers to the processes and procedures employed in an effort to integrate all nations across the globe through the exchange of ideas, culture and various products. Evidently, there has been increased globalization across nations in the contemporary era in a bid to derive associated significances or benefits. The final result of the entire process of globalization is the worldwide exchange of both natural and cultural resources among nations. Globalization is achieved through the development and advancement in the key sectors of the world economy, such as technology, culture and the political systems. On the other hand, international strategy is one of the most vital plans employed by many companies and firms conducting international business. The strategy entails the development of alliances among the business firms as inter-firm collaboration operating within a particular economic space in specific period of time. This greatly boosts and facilitates the achievement of the alliance’s goals and ambitions. Full realization or the attainment of international strategy involves three major approaches. These include global, transnational and the multi-domestic approaches. The three approaches have own differences in the manner of operations. Global approaches to strategic management involve the eradication of many barriers that existed between many nations thus offering hindrances to international business activities majorly during the latest half of the 20 th century. Through the removal of such barriers, many nations acquired and benefited form a competitive advantage. There has been great success in nations where global strategies are fully understood and applied besides the operations and dynamics of global industries and competition respectively. Therefore, it is important for managers to have a deeper comprehension of the global strategies and their applicability within nations and industries. Global strategy is advantageous to the nations since they benefit from economies of scale owing to the access to more market opportunities. In addition to market opportunities, the nations are able to exploit another nation’s resources, such as labor and raw materials for industrial development. There exists an extension in the product life cycle as well as operational flexibility, which involves a shift in the cost of production for various commodities across the globe. On the other hand, global strategy faces the risk from the diversification of macroeconomics since some business cycles lack a perfect correlation in some countries. Due to the diversity in the environmental operations, operational risks also put a major challenge to the success of the strategy. Transnational approach to international strategy in globalization involves the process of transcending the boundaries of a nation. As opposed to the past business periods when globalizati