ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Society has a very strong influence on education, and specifically on the performance of a learner. The world has been reduced into a small village due to the emergent of technologies that have improved communication and transport systems. According to Sylwester (2002), learners in the current society live in a multicultural community, which in one way or the other, has direct effect on their performance. Factors such as socioeconomic status of afamily have direct influence on the learners. Familial make-up and the extended families will always influence educational achievements of learners. Culture is another factor that has a very strong impact on the educational developments of a learner. Other factors that have direct impact on educational performance of a learner include physical, social, emotional, and intellectual developments of a learner. It is important, based on the above facts, to ensure that there is a differentiated instructional approach to learning, based on the abilities and needs of these diverse learners. Each student has different abilities and needs in the education system. Differentiating instruction for these students would mean that there would be an effort to focus on every individual’s performance. Those learners with special needs due to such issues as dyslexia may be given special attention in order to ensure that they attain the desired level of academic excellence at different levels. This research focuses on analyzing the effects of socioeconomic factors on education, and the need to have differentiated instructional approach to teaching due to the differences brought about by the society. Comparing Socioeconomic Status, Familial Makeup and Influence of Extended Family in Educational Achievement It is important to analyze how different factors would affect educational achievement of a learner. Success of a learner depends on a number of factors. From the socioeconomic perspective, a number of issues would influence a learner. There are families that are economically challenged. The parents may be too poor to afford simple basic educational requirements for their children. Items like books, school uniform, pocket money and other requirements that a learner may need may not be available because of the economic challenge. Such a learner may not be in a position to perform to the best of his or her capacity (Glomm & Ravikumar, 2003). The condition may be worse to the level where the learner lacks adequate meals while in school or back at home. To such students, learning becomes extra burden whose fruits may not be important given the fact that they are now faced with starvation. Their educational achievements may not be at par with their peers who come from economically empowered families. With economic strength, parents are able to take their students to the best schools with the best facilities. Such students would be provided with every little necessity they may need in their
Introduction On May 12, 2008, at 14.28 (local time), an earthquake occurred in Sichuan province. The epicenter with a magnitude of 7.8 was located 90 kilometers from the provincial administrative center of the city of Chengdu, China. Subterranean tremors were felt in Beijing. This disaster made a moderate impact on the country’s economy, yet affected several industries located in the devastated areas. Economic Impact: GDP The restoration of the economy of China has thrown various challenges, primarily because the area of ​​the disaster was rather huge. The damage from the most powerful earthquake in China within the last 30 years has exceeded a trillion yuan (almost $ 150 billion). As a result of the impact of the underground elements, more than ten million people were left homeless. The construction of temporary housing for such a large number of people took about 2.5 years, while all of them were settled in temporary homes by the end of 2010. In particular, 69,227 people were killed, 17,923 were missing, and over 370,000 were injured (Wei et al. 302). This was the most devastating earthquake since the formation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As noted by the National Bureau of Statistics, Sichuan’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) accounted for solely 4.2 percent of the national total in 2008. The total GDP of China was more than $ 24,600 billion in that period that made the country the fourth in the list of the global economy ( Trading Economics ). This means that the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on China’s overall economy could not be significant. It should be emphasized that such a strong economy was able to help the devastated areas in recovering. In general, the mentioned disaster did not affect significantly the growth of the country’s GDP. China’s GDP growth levels (Trading Economics). Economic Impact: Inflation As for the inflationary pressure, 2008 was marked by the increase in inflation that exceeded the expected rates. Namely, as noted by Trading Economics the estimated 4,5 percent turned out to be six percent, but the role of the Wenchuan earthquake in this increase is evident yet not great (see fig. 2). Food and drinking water are two products that led to inflation in the devastated areas. China’s inflation rates (Trading Economics). Industries Affected   * Constriction;   * Insurance;   * Hydro power generation;   * Transportation;   * Tourism;   * Manufacturing;   * Mining;   * Agriculture. Products Among the key products, there were construction materials, road supplies, drinking water and food, and a dire need for temporary shelters. Indirect economic damage from the Wenchuan earthquake included the following comp
Introduction The title of the article is brief and does not suitably communicate the intentions of the study. In addition, the introduction lacks a heading, and the readers are left to believe that the introduction is what follows the abstract. Nevertheless, the introduction section captures the interest of the reader through the affirmation that inadequate work has been done concerning the economic element of translation on cross-cultural qualitative research (Hendrickson, Harrison, Lopez, Zegarra‐Coronado, & Ricks, 2013). In this regard, the authors sought to reduce the shortage of research on this topic by clarifying the best performances in attaining cost containment and translation proficiency. Statement of Purpose The article does not have a graspable statement of purpose and in its place integrates it into the introduction. The introduction in its entirety reveals the statements of certainty upon which the article basis its statement of purpose. The introduction portrays the statement of purpose to be the assessment of practice in the attainment of cost control and translation proficiency (for instance, the capacity to satisfy the requirements of the given research undertakings in the greatest economically discreet way) (Hendrickson et al., 2013). This is a wretched approach of representing the statement of purpose since it is supposed to be separate and instantly recognizable. Research Questions The authors utilize three research questions that center on the proficiency of translation. Nonetheless, the research questions do not take into consideration the cost of translation irrespective of it being a section of the statement of purpose. Literature Review The authors focus on pre-existing research work to generate the underlying principles and details of the study. The article seems to have depended on an extensive set of studies throughout the literature review, which fortifies the arguments and enlightenments provided. Through its inclusive tackling of the issue of translation, the article ensures that the study is explicable not merely to nurses and other health professionals, but every stakeholder in the medical field, and any other individual that reads it. However, the literature review is insufficient and not comprehensive as it does not adequately discuss the different means of carrying out translation, their impacts on the quality of care, and their relevance in decision-making by nurses. Methodology In the article, the participants in the cross-cultural relative research on health inequalities in disability effects encompassed Mexican American and non-Hispanic White women aged between fifty-five and seventy-five years and residing in Texas. The population of the study comprised of 60 Mexican American and 62 non-Hispanic White women. 13 Mexican American women decided to take part in the study, and just 8 were selected for the 32 interviews undertaken (Hendrickson et al., 2013). The sample chosen for the study was representative as it can be extrapolated to the target population. The extent to which a sample reflects the population, representativeness, is a great decisive aspect in the evaluation of the ad
The two completing needs of the veterans in the United States are the ability to access healthcare services and the lack of policies and practices that are specifically designed to address the healthcare needs of this population. Vyas et al. (2017) determined that veterans, in particular, do not receive the help that would address their mental health needs, which results in the high prevalence of mental health issues and high suicide rates among this group. This is the result of both access and the fact that there is a small number of programs that specifically target the needs of veterans in the domain of mental health care. This section will consider the policy briefs and issues relating to the unaddressed needs of the US veterans and discuss the ethical implications of the potential policies for veterans. A relevant policy or practice of a healthcare organization that can be used to address the needs of veterans in the United States is the expansion of Veteran Affairs (VA) healthcare to address the needs of both the veterans and their families. More specifically, Firth (2019) states that only half of the registered veterans in the United States are enrolled in the VA’s services, which means that these individuals do not receive the appropriate care. Moreover, the families of these veterans also require help and guidance regarding the ways of helping their loved ones, for example, to help them deal with trauma and PTSD. Hence, the policy that allows expanding of the VA’s coverage is a vital one for enabling better care provision for the veterans and their families. The inclusion of the family members into the programs that target veteran care is essential for providing mental health care and support because the families of these individuals are in contact with them on a regular basis and can help the veterans recognize the symptoms of mental health problems and reach out for care. The expansion policy needs to target the awareness of mental health care among the veterans and their families because not many veterans seek the proper care or are aware of the services they can receive. Firth (2019) argues that despite VA’s efforts, many of the veterans and their family members still do not seek and receive care and specialized facilities, which requires attention and practices that would target the promotion of mental care and normalizing seeking help for the mental health issues. Some critique toward the expansion of the VA’s coverage from the ethical viewpoint can be offered. Mainly, the issue is that the healthcare coverage in the United States is a statewide problem since some groups of people, especially those living in underprivileged communities, receive no care or access to vital services. Therefore, the question of whether the veterans are the group or community that is in need of the additional benefits and policies that would help them receive better access to care arises since there are other vulnerable populati
Introduction Since the beginning of time, it seems, women have had to deal with a great number of challenges in expressing who they really are as well as strong restrictions on what they were allowed to do or know. As recently as 100 years ago, women were confined to the house and restricted to caring for children and the household chores. Thanks to the women’s movements of recent years, a lot of this has changed, giving women greater opportunities to explore greater depths of their inner selves through increased access to education and decreased levels of exterior control. However, modern civilization continues to highlight the idea that a woman’s value lies mostly in her ability to look good. Other elements of her personality, such as her natural talents, abilities or personality, are severely downplayed in preference to an extreme focus on her appearance. People like Paris Hilton and Brittney Spears help to keep these ideas going since they contribute nothing to society but manage to gain fame and fortune as a result of a pretty face or a flat stomach. These empty-headed material-culture superstars have achieved their fame based solely on their beautiful bodies and extreme spending habits. The idea of the ‘Barbie complex’ emerged with the development of this popular children’s toy, emphasizing the importance placed on being blonde, slim and young and subsequently created a culture that is too concerned with appearance, causing a great deal of damage to the women of today’s generation leading to dangerous plastic surgery, eating disorders and long-term, sometimes life-threatening psychological problems. Plastic Surgery In today’s beauty culture, plastic surgery is the most common surgery done in American hospitals, commonly believed to be the response to this constant societal pressure for people of all ages to become the ‘ideal’ person. This is especially seen in the rising numbers of teenagers seeking surgery, as it can be potentially harmful to the individual’s psychological nature and physical health, and is perpetuated by their role models and peers as well as their parents and elders. As these types of surgeries become more socially acceptable, more young ladies are turning to cosmetic surgery to enhance their bodies while still attending high school. A recent BBC News report indicates as many as 40 percent of teenage girls in the UK desire some sort of plastic surgery (“Forty Percent”, 2005). These numbers are comparable in the United States as well. Teenagers are working to construct the ideal form
Understanding basic principles of participation is integral during the consultations and implementation process. In this regard, focusing on people involves prioritizing their involvement in the implementation process (Block, 2011). However, this is made possible by engaging people in major-decision making processes. Moreover, acknowledging the peoples’ contribution in the decision-making process as well as building strong interpersonal relationships encourages participation. Maintaining a sense of humility irrespective of differences in language and culture is critical. In this context, the presentation acknowledges that local knowledge is similar to available expertise. The art of listening is essential in assuring the audience and stakeholders that their presence, knowledge and experience are important for the consultations. Moreover, listening to stakeholders helps in assuring them of their right to be heard. Sharing control with the consultation partners has a positive influence on project implementation and management. However, sharing control should be limited to a minimal degree. Capacity building is an essential concept that tilts the balance away from the presentation towards participation. Nevertheless, this is an empowering phenomenon encouraging stakeholders to find solutions to problems affecting their lives. From this perspective, stakeholders become active owners of the development initiatives. Promoting participation requires communicating with every stakeholder on all the levels. In this regard, stakeholders’ participation on all the stages of consultations and project implementation must be respected. Women and youth participation is critical in modern consultation processes. Using participatory techniques, such as focused conversation methods and brainstorming, is considered effective in any presentation context. Focused conversation methods are necessary for discussing predetermined agendas and questions. On the other hand, brainstorming encourages participation through groups that generate ideas and promote creative thinking. People have universal tendencies when reacting to change. The first reaction is shock, as people try to defend their current practices. In fact, people become defensive as they pre-contemplate on the new processes. Lack of comfort is a common feature during the initial stages of the change process. Denial is another common behavior among people affected by the change. People tend to weigh the benefits against limitations of the
Introduction People who work in an organization or in a company make the human resource of that company. Thus, human resource management is concerned with how people are managed in an organization in order to increase their productivity and profitability (Smith, 2006). Different companies employ different employment strategies since the goods and services companies deal with are different thus calling for different approaches. The other fact is that different people in an organization have different views, aspirations, and feelings towards different situations in an organization (Malhotra & Galleta, 2003). Human Resources Management has of late been used in referring to approaches which seek to manage the needs of the company as well as the needs of the people. Human resource management entails analyzing the different views and aspirations people have within the organization and make them work towards the success of the company. In summary, how an organization connects to its employees is all what human resource is concerned with. In trying to manage and solve the problem of Human Management Resources there have been various approaches initiated towards solving the problem and experts have come up with various theories and concepts that try to define human resource management. The human resource management sector has been studied for a long period in motivation science of human behavio
Introduction Markets and society is a topic that has triggered hot debate over the last couple of years in the social sciences scene. The relationship between the two is explained in theories, some of which were developed by Thomas Hobbes, David Hume and Adam Smith. These economists made major contributions in their times. The market is said to have notable contributions to the welfare or well-being of the society. It is important to note that the welfare of an individual can be conceptualized in terms of materials; therefore, market and society contribute to welfare and well- being of individuals. Well-being can result from domains that are outside the market domain. In addition, there are some accomplishments within the market that are likely to contribute to the well–being, but they are not captured in welfare. However, well -being of individual will not be possible if they embrace luxurious life. They need to work hard so as to have a good living. Success in the market is all about hard work but not luxury (Hume, 1767). Markets have the ability to make new forms of authority in the society. This is because markets, as mentioned earlier, have the ability to exact some form of control. Markets can influence what is happening in the institutions, the forces of demand and supply, as well as deciding the management of firms. Theories are the main principles upon which markets operate (Hann & Hart 2009). These theories were developed by a number of theorists long ago, but they have constantly been improved and enhanced to reflect today’s business environment. This essay gives an explanation and a critical evaluation of how markets create new forms of authority. In the discussion, the essay focuses on institutions, forces of demand and supply, as well as organizational management. Forms of authority in institutions Institutions have various forms of authority, and they have their own ways of developing and enforcing policies. In the recent past, most institutions have been highly dependent on the economy for their performance. The economy, on the other hand, has a direct relationship with the market performance. As a result, the performance of the market will be reflected on the performance of institutions, both in the private sector and the public sector. The market is, in most cases, dictated by the prices that exist during a particular time. On the other hand, the authority controls the organizational hierarchy (Fleischacker 2004). The market has a significant influence on today’s politics. For instance, in the England, the unity between David Cameron and Nick Clegg was formed at a time when the economy of the country was not at its best. It was a gamble for the two leaders, where no one knew what the outcome of the coalition would be. Many people thought that the power sharing deal would not succeed. However, the two have stood against the odds and they are faring well. Their major objective was to reduce the deficit in the country as a step towards improving the economy and the markets in England (Gray, 2010). This bid led to the creation of an authority by the market t