ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction The issue of NAFTA renegotiations is always prominent because of the varying demands of all the involved parties. The effect of the NAFTA deal is very different between countries. For example, the majority of imports into the United States are dependent on the lack of tariffs on their goods. The recent changes in the political regime brought a new approach to the renegotiation process on the part of the United States, which made them especially heated. However, they also brought upon the question of how much import into the United States really benefits the countries involved. This paper will examine the issues proposed by the article, as well as research the effect that NAFTA had on the economy of Mexico. The Article The article examines the final round of the North American Free-Trade Agreement renegotiations. Some of its main points are in the highly heated discussion between the representatives of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The most controversial demands during this round of talks were proposed by the United States Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer. He
Elizar’s (1966) stated that there is a theory used to classify American political culture that depicted boundaries of the historical government’s action. He suggested moralistic, individualism and traditionalistic culture as the combination of political sub-cultures that were depicted in various states in the United States (McKethan, 2007). Each of these subcultures embodied different perspectives on the political process, citizen’s roles in government and the role of the government in general (McKethan, 2007). This paper compares and contrasts the three kinds of political subcultures in reference to the Health policy. In moralistic subculture, political activities were viewed as a way to improve the society’s lifestyle (McKethan, 2007). If the same view is applied in public health policy, the subculture gives a platform for the policy makers the privilege to make policies that will improve living conditions in the society. Policymakers in moralistic states champion, invent and embrace broad public programs that help in improvement of the society (Brian & Miller, 2002). They generate ideas and carry researches that are meant to bring change to the society. In this subculture the politicians and public, conceive politics as matters of public with the notation of public good. During policymaking, the policy makers ensure that the health policies are of great help to the society (McKethan, 2007). In individualistic subculture, the policy makers support innovation in health public but they limit relying on the government on the basic services (Brian & Miller, 2002). Their concern to the public is limited as compared to moralistic subculture. In addition, individualistic subculture encouraged people to have objectives that are for their own good or a group of people (Brian & Miller, 2002). The subculture thus encourages nepotism. On other hand, traditionalistic subculture notion is that the government should maintain its status quo. The subculture does not give room for innovations in the public services and thus limits the government to what it already has. However, the subculture allows innovation but limits the powers to just a relatively
Let Us Start with the Terms Despite the differences in interpretation, phonological awareness traditionally refers to humans’ fundamental ability to understand the sound structures of speech and manipulate them to create rhymes, alliterations, use syllables in words, and explore the language. Simultaneously, phonemic awareness is a more advanced understanding of language, the next level of phonological awareness, when a person can identify and manage the smallest units of speech, the phoneme. A More Detailed Understanding Phonological awareness arises when a student is able to hear and control sounds. Here are some examples of what is meant by such control:   * in the word Apple we clearly hear /ap/ and /ple/;   * we can combine /d/, /o/, and /g/ to get the word dog, and vice versa;   * we can add sounds to change the number of objects: dog + /s/ = dogs.   * On the contrary, phonemic awareness occurs when a student hears the smallest parts of words. Here are a few examples:   * in the word shack we hear /sh/, /a/, and /ck/;   * in the word cat: /c/, /a/, and /t/. Connection with Literacy Development Both types of awareness are essential predictors of literacy development in early childhood. In other words, how well a child will read in the future depends on how successfully a child learns sound skills before. Linkage, when letters are soundly interpreted, is crucial: phonological awareness helps to understand the alphabetical principle so that later this knowledge can be used for faster and more careful reading, and phonetic one allows to understand that words consist of sequences of sounds, phonemes. On the other hand, a deep understanding of sounds is a key skill for developing language abilities, in which the child clearly understands the structure of the word, using rhymes and syllables. Thanks to this knowledge, the preschooler makes fewer spelling mistakes since they have an idea of how sound and letters are connected, which means they can write the whole word without making mistakes. Early Reading and Literacy There is no doubt that early reading has a positive impact on the harmonious development of the child. There are at least three factors that make it possible to justify this connection. Here they are:  1. early childhood reading prepares children for school reading, which means they have more advantages compared to inexperienced classmates;  2. reading and rhyming form a deep understanding of semantics and develop a child’s literacy, which creates the ground for further learning;  3. if a child gets acquainted with phonetics and tries to read short stories, in the future, it becomes easier for them to learn the language, and reading complex books is mastered more quickly. As noted, phonetic and phonological awareness plays not the least role in the formation of literacy and reading skil
Question One In an organization, active inertia is a tendency to follow or stick to established patterns of behavior even in response to environmental changes. Companies tend to stick in the modes of thinking and working that had brought success in the past. Management and marketing teams trust all the activities that they have tried and have brought benefits to the company. By so doing, the performance of the company deviates from the normal to the worse. Executives, therefore, need to investigate the source and symptoms of the active inertia which is usually very common nowadays. They should realize that action alone cannot solve the problem but rather emphasize what needs to be done and also what may prevent them from doing it, what we regard as acting appropriately. The active inertia that occurred in Firestone Tire with the introduction of radials from Michelin occurred simply because the company failed to meet the challenge of environmental change by acting inappropriately. Some of the active inertia that occurred are: First and foremost, the company did not want to destroy its relationship with its loyal customers. It considered its biggest challenge is keeping up with the increased demand for tires by its key customers. It is for this reason that they designed the company’s operation and capital
Summary Green Health, a large national health insurance company, has decided to drop a number of its insurance products for small organizations in the state of Virginia. The firm has explained that this decision was made because of the financial losses that these products brought to the business. Initially, Green Health was planning to discontinue these plans immediately. However, the company has now agreed to support its customers until the renewal dates for the plans because of complications that could arise in the calculation of deductibles. The products for small groups that the business will continue to offer include more expensive plans with less attractive benefits. Paul, the vice president of Small Group Products, understands the risks of dropping the most popular programs in the state and notes that the losses for the business may be more significant than estimated. However, he anticipates that a substantial portion of customers will choose other plans, and Green Health will not lose a considerable amount of money and will recover financially in the long run. Problems The case of Green Health presents a number of issues. First, the company is dropping a range of products having the most competitive potential on the market. Small businesses do not have many options to choose from in the state of Virginia, and small-group products are in high demand among the consumers there. Moreover, Green Health is discontinuing its most popular plan, Work Health EPO. Therefore, many clients of this business may find themselves having to adjust their budgets and search for a different product. This shift may lead to the firm losing a significant number of customers. It may also be a good idea to consider the issue of customer trust in this situation. Many clients may be reluctant to switch to a different product offered by this company due to uncertainty. According to Cowley (2013), small firms do not have many employees and thus are often more flexible in their operations, making it possible for them to devote more time to choosing individual plans. Second, the remaining products that the company will offer are not as attractive to the consumers as those that were cheaper. Thus, it is possible that some clients will not choose the new plans and will prefer to work with other insurance companies or purchase individual plans instead. While the market for small-group products does not have many competitors, the losses to Green Health may still be substantial. The competitiveness of the remaining products will be even les
Introduction The professional world has become very competitive with the increase in skillset and higher qualifications. The increased contest can be attributed to the growth and development of the learning institutions hence the production of qualified personnel. Expertise in many fields has developed and lunged deep into the subject matter, thereby creating lots of employment for people. With the increase in economic activities, there is bound to be a surge in people offering goods and services. The ultimate differentiation of one professional from another will be the values and morals possessed by the individuals. (Values and Ethics, 2002) Morals Principals and morals start with the individual and are passed on to the organization to which the individual is attached. These values can be developed by constant training on ethics, and professional standards are advised. An organization with individuals having high moral standards and principles will serve better its mandate in society. To outsmart your competition in business, there has to be a show of honesty. (2nd Ed. Carter, Bishop, & Kravits, 2007) People tend to put their trust in where they feel they are safe and will not get short-changed if they engage their time and money. This can be attained by presenting
Living in the modern world many parents notice that their children, who are at the teen’s age, have much more freedom than parents had when they were at the same age. Also, remembering the level of crimes, alcoholism, smoking, and drugs consumption many parents begin to think that they give much more freedom to their children than they should do. The problem is that teenagers are sure that they are adults and can make decisions without parental control. For parents, their children will always be small and unable to make personal decisions. Therefore, the problem is global no matter what country people live in and of what nationality they are. The main idea of this article is to consider the arguments in favor of giving teenagers the right to choose. I am inclined to think that parents are to give teenagers freedom of choice in many aspects, however, they are to control this choice and give a piece of advice if it necessary. Much debate is focused on the issue whether to give teenagers freedom in making decisions or to wait when they are elder enough to draw correct conclusions and to find an appropriate way out. The main focus of discussion is based on the ability of teenagers to make correct decisions and on the reasons why many parents prevent them from doing it. It should be stated that in dealing with this problem, parental extended care and teenagers’ desire to become elder are two issues which negatively affect a decision. Therefore, discussing the issue under consideration, I am going to be objective presenting arguments based on common sense without exaggerated parental control and irrepressible desire of teenagers to show their parents that they are adults enough. The arguments are going to support t
Choice, Happiness, and Spaghetti Sauce and The Paradox of Choice center on the relations between choice and consumer happiness. In Spaghetti Sauce, I noted that Malcolm Gladwell focuses on how choice influences consumer happiness. Through the show, I learned how Pepsi selected aspartame as one of the ingredients in their beverages (Choice, Happiness, and Spaghetti Sauce) . Gladwell indicates how the company selected the ingredient. He points out that the company started their tests with Diet Pepsi. While experimenting, the company realized that it was better to experiment with numerous choices. After watching this scene, I noted that more choices make clients happier (Choice, Happiness, and Spaghetti Sauce) . With more choices, consumers can select a range of products or services, which make their lives better. After watching this show, I realized that if producers come up with a range of similar products consumers would have more choices. Because of more choices and products, shopping experience will change for a number of consumers. With diverse products in the market, customers will get value for their money and gain more contentment. In The Paradox of Choice, Schwartz Barry unlike Godwell debates how eradication of customer choices can significantly lessen the shoppers’ worry. Barry asserts that in the past there were fewer brands in the market because there was less competition (The Paradox of Choice) . He points out that today there is increased competition due to the entrance of a number of brands. In the past, limited choices made shopping experience easy. He asserts that today’s shopping is not easy due to entrance of numerous brands in the market. However, he suggests that today’s shopping is a more pleasant experience (The Paradox of Choice) . After watching the show, I realized that an increase in life choices has its advantages and disadvantages with respect to customer satisfaction. Barry argues that with increased shopping choices, consumers’ expectations have increased (The Paradox of Choice) . Shoppers are currently more concerned with how products should be designed in comparison with other products. He argues that with increased expectations consumers derive less satisfaction. Through this show, I also recognized that in the absence of more choices people might be contented with the little available preferences. Barry concludes that the secret to contentment is setting low expectations. Barry asserts that a number of individuals who have set high expectations and failed often feel miserable about themselves (The Paradox of Choice
Introduction The goal of advertisements is mainly to communicate to an audience and to entice them to buy their product or service. The goal does not stop with the mere conveyance of a message. Ads have the main objective of arresting audiences’ attention. Brand of the product is the value proposition between the user and the unique experience offered by the product (Rucah Humnabadkar, Mather and Vogel). Brands display a vital relationship with its design. In the same manner, the designs of ads are relevant to the culture and experience of the brand. BMW The no-nonsense print caption says it all “Congratulations to BMW for Winning World Car of the Year 2006.” It is factual and simple, credible and true- just like the product it advertises. This is an important statement in a print ad of a well-known car-manufacturing firm, a single sentence that more or less sounds like a eulogy coming from BMW. Moreover, there is the familiar logo—the four perfect circles intertwined together forming a chain link. Indeed, this is the symbol of another brand of car: Audi. This Audi ad asserts the value of its brand with respect to another brand, that of its fierce competitor, the BMW. Even more, the very inclusion of the statement “From the Winner of Six Consecutive Le Mans 24 Hour Races 2000-2006” is designed to undermine the rather prominent award bestowed upon BMW, the “World Car of the Year 2006.” The advertisers opt for a silver color in order to create a unified feeling of class and style. Audi: Congratulations to BMW for winning World Car of the Year 2006. From the Winner of Six Consecutive Le Mans 24 Hour Races 2000-2006. Absolut Liquor companies generally create the impression in their advertisements that drinking is fashionable, that it is a perfectly enjoyable social act. On the other hand, many companies fail to comply with the corporate responsibility of informing the public of the repercussions of irresponsible drinking. As stated earlier, the constant exposure to liquor ads, especially among immature youths, may directly impact the formation of awareness about liquor and alcoholism. This 1997 Ad Absolut Vodka Ice Silhouette Woman Herb Ritts ad says it all and in a very sensual manner. The woman in the bottle has a subliminal effect on any man who drinks it since he is stimulated to imagine an image of a sexy woman everytime he drinks that. It is effective in its use of the blue background of the serene sea which is quite opposite how one can behave after drinking it. The blue hues that uses are enough to create the feeling of being calmness and the drink in the dark of the night. 1997 Ad Absolut Vodka Ice Silhouette Woman Herb Ritts. Avon Avon is a company that uses colors to its advantage. The products themselves use a lot of colors that lure clients to buy the products. The beauty products naturally employ colors, brilliant, glossy, surprisingly loud, multi-colored print ads. In this Witherspoon ad, Avon makes use of her popularity and the wholesomeness of her face, even her reputation to highlight the products’ c
The current health problem in New Jersey is the immunization of children, or precisely the right of parents to refuse this procedure for religious reasons. The public claims that the elimination of this exception violates the rights of citizens. At the same time, people are not aware of the dangers of diseases that can be prevented by vaccines, since they do not have a genetic memory of them. However, there are high risks of outbreaks of infectious diseases that have been virtually eliminated in recent decades due to an elevated level of the non-immunized population. Such an epidemic threatens the health and lives of the people, as well as the economic consequences for the state. Therefore, the main task of the government is to convince people of the importance of vaccination for the adoption of a law on the elimination of religious exemptions to childhood vaccines in New Jersey. Debate continues in New Jersey over government efforts to pass a new law eliminating religious exemptions to childhood vaccines. Many residents are outraged by such a bill as they believe that it violates their legal rights and forces them to disregard the rules of their religion. Respecting the rights of people and their faith is an essential factor of the democracy realization, but this aspect threatens thousands of other lives. Consequently, despite some flaws in providing people’s freedoms, a bill prohibiting religious exemptions to childhood vaccines is a necessity for society, since it saves thousands of American citizens. The reason for the anger of many residents is the state’s efforts to oblige them and their children to vaccinate against infectious diseases, although earlier, they had the opportunity to avoid this procedure. The first version of the bill stated that the religious and philosophical beliefs of people are not the reason for refusing child vaccination at all private and public kindergartens, schools, and colleges (Tully, 2020). This proposal partially violates the right of residents to religious freedoms as it obliges them to act against the rules of their church. Protesters believe that their religion forbids them to intervene in God’s providence and interfere with fate by protecting themselves from disease (Tully, 2020). Such a position is inherent in orthodox representatives of some faiths, as well as religious communities. For this reason, the government amended the bill in a way that allows residents to avoid vaccinatio
Background Culture is of particular importance in human life and the formation of society, as it acts as a means of collecting, storing and transmitting experience. It brings people together, ensures the integrity of the community. Over the centuries, society has been shaped by creating different kinds. All of them had their own special characteristics and corresponded to the level of development of people and the environment. Then scientists began to distinguish between material and immaterial culture, attributing their own features to them. Moreover, the idea of the natural and social roots of the origin and patterns of history has been formed. The study of these aspects is of critical importance for the further development of people’s cultural characteristics and preventing the process of its unification. This work contains a generalization of the data provided in the literary source for a better understanding of the phenomenon of culture. The article focuses on such a problem as global culture. It consists in blurring the boundaries between different cultures, which leads to a lack of diversity and generalization of features. The main cause and driving force of this phenomenon is cultural diffusion, in other words, the spread of standards. Also of particular importance are electronic communications, mass media, mass media, international enterprises and banks, and the United Nations (“Toward a global culture”, n.d.). Despite this, many representatives of cultures are still struggling to preserve their traditions, customs and views. Types of Societies There are six main types of societies, the main criterion for their differentiation is the level of technology development.   * Hunter-gatherer societies These representatives survive by hunting and collecting plants. Most of these societies existed in the past and were heavily dependent on external environmental factors. This contributed to their frequent movement and relatively small size. The labor of such hunter-gatherer communities was divided equally among the members and possibly went by gender. Moreover, the hunting society was characterized by the fact that it was tribal. Thus, people honored and preserved the heritage of their ancestors, traditions and rituals.   * Pastoral societies Members of this species graze animals for food and transportation. They exist to this day, in areas where there is no opportunity to engage in gardening and