ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Article Reviews Name Institution Outline  1. Policing Terrorism by Waddington, J.  2. Policing Under Fire by Kelling, G.  3. Community Policing Is Homeland Security by Diamond, D. and Bucqueroux, B. Waddington, Joseph. “Policing Terrorism.” Policing 1, no.1 (2007): 1-4. This article was written by Waddington, a professor of social Policy at the University of Wolverhampton. His focus in this article was to distinguish between systems of policing in respect to terrorism. He observes that all police officers take pride in their work and particularly in making convictions. To drive his point home, he cites an article that related modern day policing to state requirements. He is of the argument that case-specific policing is focused on the outcome of court verdicts. Policing policy outcome, the author argues is split between two tasks. One of those is fighting crime and the other one is preventing crime. 1 The author claims that security, terrorism and intelligence are higher aspects that shape policing. The article also claims that police serving the public is not an accurate assertion. Instead, police does more in serving the state and its institutions. He points out an incident in which the palace security was breached, and the commissioner of police reacted to this by tendering a resignation. Waddington is of the opinion that the reason terrorism is accorded such high priority is because it is a direct threat to a state’s legitimacy and capacity. Terrorism also interlocks the roles of the military and that of the police. In addition, the author states that victims of terrorism are picked based on their allegiance to a state. Therefore, terrorism fits neither the decryption of warfare nor that of crime. Policing this vice, according to the author, relies more on surveillance and intelligence. This, sometimes, comes close to infringement of citizen’s privacy. This article is an important correlation between policing and terrorism. However, the author fails to focus more on issues of policing terrorism and focuses more on policing. Kelling, George. “Policing Under Fire.” The Wall Street Journal 1, no. 1(1999): 1-3 The author of this article explores policing facts in relation to a mistaken identity police shooting that happened in 1999. The shooting of the unarmed immigrant from Guinea caused a lot of uproar from various quarters. The author of the article is a research fellow at Harvard and a professor at Rutgers University. The author explores the facts from a philosophy of policing angle. According to the author, the liberals claim the attack was racially motivated and they liken it to an earlier attack on a Haitian immigrant. 2 He is of the opinion that while the Haitian’s attack may have been out rightly wrong, the Guinean’s case is still debatable. He claims that given the circumstances of the incident, the police officers involved can still mount a strong defence of their actions. The New York Police Department, he says, should improve their weapon’s training and engineer their policies to focus
Modern society focuses on providing equal opportunities for all people, as well as being socially inclusive. This process involves the promotion of workforce diversity, which is aimed at integrating representatives of various ethnic, age, and gender groups into the process of operating and managing organizations. From the perspective of the four general education lenses, including history, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, one can identify the specific impact of a given event on modern society. In particular, workplace diversity identifies historical changes that drive the introduction of systematic promotion of social inclusion. Additionally, the event is associated with the transformation of the culture of modern society towards the values ​​of personal characteristics and skills. Workplace diversity is also positively associated with promoting environmental protection initiatives. Finally, there is a transformation in the structure of society as more diverse groups gain greater economic opportunities. Thus, the focus on workplace diversity as a global social event influences the emergence of significant changes in modern society. Lens Connection History Considering an event through the lens of history allows one to analyze how the situation in the present has changed in comparison with the past, as well as to trace this process. With regard to workplace diversity, from a historical perspective, there have been minor actual positive changes, although the development of relevant initiatives has been observed. Flory et al. (2018) identify that “the proportion of Black men in management barely increased from 3 percent in 1985 to 3.3 percent in 2014” (p. 74). At the sa
Working Memory and Individual Differences Encouraging the development of working memory (WM) is the first step toward improving one’s cognitive and analytical abilities significantly, yet negative stereotypes have been affecting the promotion of WM training extensively among vulnerable populations. A study conducted by Regner et al. (2010) is aimed at proving that gender cannot be viewed as a factor affecting one’s WM capacities or defining them. The study involves a quantitative analysis of the WM abilities of participants. The research results indicate that the effects of stereotyping on the development of WM and the relevant skills are direct and rather drastic. The study, however, pointed to the fact that the environment created by stereotyping was significantly different from the one which the authors described as choking under pressure. To be more specific, the women that were subject to stereotyping managed to resist the threat quite successfully, thus proving that the gender issue remains one of the primary areas to address. The research outcomes indicate that stereotyping is linked directly to the fear of failure and the expectation thereof. Choking, in turn, is caused by the pressure to succeed, which female participants claimed to have experienced. The study results also show that gender-fair conditions contributed to a rapid increase in performance rates among low-WM female participants. Consequently, it can be assumed that the focus in exploring the issue of WM development should be shifted from gender-related issues to researching a combination of gender- and environment-related factors. Thus, a comprehensive strategy for managing the problem can be built, and the further enhancement of WM skills development can become a possibility. As a result, a rapid increase in performance levels is expected. Advantages of Working Memory Training Although having been explored extensively, the phenomenon of WM remains to be studied more thoroughly, with a range of blank areas remaining in it. Particularly, contradictory information about the efficacy of WM training may indicate that an in-depth analysis of the subject matter is required. Although WM training used to be considered pointless due to the ostensible lack of effect on one’s cognitive abilities, it has recently received much attention as a possible means of improving one’s intellectual skills, as Kaufman (2013) explains. Furthermore, WM skills are crucial for performing daily routine actions since they help retain essential information and use it successfully despite possible distraction factors that may impede a successful performance. In addition, WM helps one control one’s thoughts, therefore, making the process of thinking coherent and analytical. The identified characteristic of WM must be recognized as a crucial one since it defines not only the efficient functioning of one’s brain but also one’s emotion
All of us would want to be remembered in a good way for the things that we did as individuals and professionals upon our retirement. I would want to be remembered for positively transforming the lives of others. I want employees and members of the general public to remember me for having helped them to achieve their goals either at a professional level or at a personal level. I want to leave behind a legacy of having been a good servant to others, as opposed to a good boss. I believe I would take a lot of pride if my formers employees saw me as a good colleague and an approachable person, as opposed to a good boss. I believe that we should all endeavor to spend the better part of our working lives serving the business as well as the people that we interact with, regardless of their level of hierarchy within the organization. This is the true mark of a good leader. He/she should treat everybody equally regardless of his/her rank, social and economic status. I want to be remembered for having invented my time in helping others to fulfill their goals. I want my actions to help shape the lives of others for the better, as opposed to influencing them negatively. I want to see my protégés realize their full potential by rising through the ranks in the workplace to achieve higher positions and do greater things for their organizations and in the process, become stronger persons. My wish is to help others dream big and indeed, realize those dreams as well. I want to be remembered for my strong character, and not just for the accomplishments I have made as a professional in the business world because our characters make who we are, and not the success that we have achieved. I wish to be associated with such strong characters as a person of integrity and a principled individual, even if this means making personal sacrifices along the way. I hope to be an inspiration to others by remaining humble and approachable, despite having achieved a lot in the business world. Humility and selflessness should be the mantra of my legacy.
Introduction The process of solving problems that affect different aspects of healthcare can be approached from a variety of theories developed in existing scholarly research. For example, the open systems approach may be used to analyze issues in a department or an organization because this theory can help systematize factors contributing to successful nursing care. One of the concerns that are present in my clinical setting is the lack of effective communication between physicians and nurses, which leads to lower patient and job satisfaction levels and increased rates of mistakes and disagreements between staff and doctors (Gordon, Deland, & Kelly, 2015). Thus, an open systems theory should be utilized to assess the problem of unproductive interactions and propose a solution that addresses the issue while staying adherent to the organization’s mission and values. Problem Description Unit Specifications The described part of the healthcare organization is a non-intensive medical unit. According to the system concepts, the inputs in this unit are represented by staff, physicians, and care recipients (Meyer & O’Brien-Pallas, 2010). Apart from people, inputs also include various resources, funding, equipment, and information about the market and the external environment. In this case, the staff consists of nurses and administrative personnel. Physicians also play a significant role in developing the department’s quality of care. The hospital is a not-for-profit organization which means that most funding sources are directly connected to the community and its primary stakeholders. Similarly, the equipment used in hospitals is also dependent on public funding efforts. Informational inputs suggest that the staffing problem exists on the market. The throughput of the clinical setting includes all processes and services initiated with the help of existing inputs. Thus, the performance of the unit is the combination of the organization’s large size, not-for-profit type, and structure, and ideology focused on affordable and accessible care (“Mission, vision & values,” 2018). Management practices and communication between staff members are also a part of throughput. Furthermore, the use of existing technology and staff’s qualification is significant as well. The size of the particular hospital is not large, thus, allowing an approach to be more focused on individual patients. However, the model of care is similar to a teamwork-based approach that helps nurses implement their best skills. Thus, coordination between the staff
This paper examines chapter three of the book entitled “The craft of research”. Chapter three of the book deals with “From Topics to Questions”. The research process includes the selection of a topic of one’s interest and narrowing it down to a research question that sets the research in motion (Booth, Colomb, and Williams, 2008). The following narration would show that arriving at a research question is not as simple as that. Once the selection of the topic is made, the real challenge is to crystallize a research question which should be an original idea or thought. If the researcher has to select a topic himself without being assigned with one, the process of selection will appear to be never-ending that at some stage or other, the researcher has to compromise on a topic since the topics he will come across will be equally appealing. Again the persisting problem will be on framing the research question. It is so important because it should be capable of arousing the reader’s interest (Booth et al, 2008). At times, questions are readily available from popular topics such as “whether traits like shyness or an attraction to risk are learned or genetically inherited” (p 35). Usually, researches are not launched with such popular topics or questions as they will not be found to be unique or original. With this in mind, the researcher, in his constant contemplation, will stumble upon “a mental itch” (p35) and select a topic and question that will turn out to be very original; such as “why do cats rub their faces against us?” or “why does a coffee spill dry up in the shape of a ring” (p 35). The authors insist that researches are initiated in this manner alone and not with a topic already popular. Be that as it may, the question chosen should be to finding a solution for a problem irksome for quite some time (Booth et al, 2008). The authors posit that one does not have to be an expert on the topic one chooses or that the researcher should have a better knowledge of the topic than his faculty knows. Research should not be done on a topic just to satisfy others, but it should be the one that interests the researcher the most since his affinity to the subject alone would ensure the quality of the end product (Booth et al, 2008). The authors advise Start by listing as many interests as you can that you would like to explore. Don’t limit yourself to what you think might interest a teacher or make him think you are a serious student. Let your ideas flow. Prime the pump by asking friends, classmates, even your teacher about topics that interest them (p 36, 37). The authors move on to say that after the selection of the few topics, the researcher would find it useful to further search in a library the subheadings to the topic listed in a general bibliography. Next, the task is to search for the topic on Google without too much surfing. Though Wikipedia is a good source of knowledge or references, it should never be cited as it is not yet a trusted reference (Booth et al, 2008) This is not applicable if the topic itself is “Wikipedia” (p37). The brief examination above underpins the idea of the originality of a research topic for which purpose the r
Definition and concepts It is a commonly experienced phenomenon that people have objectives to attain in life. Social structures, for example, drive the desire among individuals in lower classes to break through to better living standards as per what they admire. This leads to individuals adopting strategies and approaches that can help them in changing their status. Thoughts or dreams are not however just realized and even after some people making steps towards achieving their objectives they never manage to have positive results. The outcome of every single initiative is normally identified with success or failure. The term success has been offered a variety of definitions and approached differently depending on societies, and individuals. It has for example been defined in terms of monetary possession with rich individuals being considered successful. Establishment and maintenance of a healthy family in social terms has also been used in societies to define success. According to Schwaiger, the definition of success varies depending on an individual’s society and the social value that the individual upholds. One of the formal definitions of success however gives it the property of attaining a subject that an individual has desired. This gives success a diverse meaning that starts from small things that an individual may achieve out of sight of any third party. My personal perception of success is in line with this definition to mean any attainment of a predetermined goal by an individual (Swaiger 53). Based on these definitions of success and my perception towards the subject together with my past life experience, a successful person is that individual who identifies an objective and works to its successful accomplishment. The achievement might not necessarily be a magnificent one that attracts public attention. A student who has been poorly performing in class, sets his goal at improving by five percent in a next undertaken exam would for example be successful if he attain the five percent increment. My consideration of success to include intent is because some people can find themselves in a better position without necessarily working towards the attainment. This defines luck rather than success. Key Determinants to Success From the definition of success that gives it the property of set objectives that are then to be pursued by an individual to attainment lays the ground to the factors that affect it. The basis of success that established the goal to be pursued is for example a point to its factor. In the laying out of the goals, an individual is normally faced with fears over the possibility of positive results as a result of the initiative to be undertaken. There are also always a variety of other options that an individual can pursue with fears of loosing better opportunities following the adoption of a given option. Being daring with respect to risk taking is therefore a d
Analysis of the industry Oil and gas are the major products in any financial system since they are depended upon in moving the economy forward. The country’s GDP relies heavily on the industry with many studies showing that a quarter of the country’s revenue come from oil and gas, which is close to twenty-five percent of the total income. The United Kingdom funds its projects from the proceeds generated through the exportation of oil and gas meaning the industry is critical in boosting the balance of payments (Warf & Stutz 2007, p. 56). The supply chain in the industry is highly coordinated with the government taking a considerable share given the sensitivity of the products. For instance, the companies operating in Scotland alone are over two-thousand with many of these corporations offering services to the offshore industry globally. In terms of production, Scotland is depended upon since it accounts for over ninety-six percent of the UK continental shelf (UKCS). In 2011, the country produced over seventy-eight percent of hydrocarbon. The Northern Se, which is found in Scotland, has profitable oil production sites and the UK government relies on the site, as the taxes generated are high. The UK is the leading producer of hydrocarbons in the entire continent because sixty-four of oil produced in Europe comes of the country and the gas production is thirty-six percent. A close analysis of the industry reveals that the future is bright for the country, as studies suggest that unexploited oil and gas deposits are concentrated in the northern sea. In fact, two leading companies, Dana and Statoil, announced that they would be engaging in exploration in the east of Shetland. Again, TAQA discovered new oil deposits at the Darwin oil fields in the northern area, as well as the North Sea proving that the industry has a brighter future. Regarding the oil and gas prices, various auditing firms have varying predictions with OBR suggesting that the prices will fall gradually in the next few years to an estimated $92 by the year 2018 (Jackson, Hitt & DeNisi 2003, p. 112). The US based energy information administration company has a different prediction since it notes that the prices will fall in 2014 before picking up once more in the subsequent years. Unfortunately, the governmental agency for energy and climate change is optimistic of rise in oil and gas prices. The government is investing hea
Introduction: A Bit of History San Antonio was not quite famous up until the early XX century, when it was struck by a natural disaster. In 1921, a massive flood destroyed the city and changed its landscape considerably. When one might have thought that the situation could not possibly get any worse, it became clear that, due to the flood, a large mass of toxic waste was washed into the river ( San Antonio Flood of 1921 ). Even though the effects of the flood are no longer noticeable, the given experience still provides several important lessons to learn. Miller’s Point of View: An Economical Approach When considering the effects of the flood, Miller stresses the negative effects of flood on the city. Therefore, in his assessment, Miller’s priority is civilization. However, the reconstruction of the city takes less time than the reconstruction of the environment destroyed by the flood, which is why the effects of the San Antonio flood on the environment must be reassessed. Environmental Impact: Counting the Losses Needless to say, the destructive nature of floods brings considerable losses to the environment in which they occur. Being completely uncontrollable, of incredibly big mass and running at a very high speed, the San Antonio flood struck the environment of the city impressively, leav