ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The proposal has been developed with a response to an emerging market need of providing a service that the current market players would find quite helpful, as well as the entrepreneurs who have been planning to enter the market with a wide variety of product offering to cater to the current market consumers. The market conditions are always dynamic and have a capacity of more suppliers and retailers to enter a market so diverse, but when a bright future is hurdled by a small step, the dream experiences no justice. With this service offering, we plan to set a mark in the assistance of a business before it has even originated and making our service a stepping stone for those entrepreneurs who are brimming with ideas. The current plan is to establish a business which will be offering services to on-going concerns for the development of a business plan to gather possible finance to aid their business and for the regular entrepreneurs to start a new business with everything accounted for. The ideology that will be followed in this proposal is to make this service highly marketable and to completely depict the true potential this company might have, when it is established to be one of the primary business aiding companies. The population being targeted in this proposal is that of Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. A city with rich history and a high potential for business development, the city is home to University of Michigan which assures a steady supply of entrepreneurs in the locale. The report consists all aspects necessary for giving this proposal due consideration. Introduction Novelty Business solutions is the chosen name of the business which will be introduced in the market with a unique selling proposition for the services and the products that it has to offer to the local market. It will be primarily a company aimed to assist entrepreneurs and ongoing business owners to establish a good presentation based on a highly specialized document normally termed by professionals as a ‘Business Plan’. The market is always looking forward to expand and accommodate new businesses and business people so that a fair supply and demand can be regulated among the consumers and the products and services they consume to maintain a healthy lifestyle. With a team of market analysts and expert presentation skills, the company is planning to aid these small scale and large scale owners to create and provide services to these owners so that they can gather all the resources they need to initiate a productive business in the proposed market. The company Novelty Business Solutions is a going to be partnership firm initially consisting of two partners whom can later on increased to a maximum of four. With a flat organizational structure, it will aim at providing a high level of services and maintaining a quality that will render the marketing for its services. With the expenses being managed and new revenue streams being idealized, the company hopes to establish a larger market in the next ten years to cover at least the whole eastern hub of the Country so that the services can be used by all large, medium and small scale businesses in th
On December 11, 2001, China became a formal WTO member after fifteen years of negotiations. According to Chen, Shi, Ni & Chen, the remarkable development during the past 28 years “has made China the second largest beneficiary of direct foreign investment, behind only the US” (“China’s WTO accession impacts on domestic automobile industry”). The country with the largest developing economy in the world gets many opportunities of WTO membership; however, at the same time, the country faces several challenges that should be overcome in order to get better integration into the world market. WTO membership brings the new opportunities for the Chinese business such as taking the advantage of the new market access and getting protection provided by the rules-based system of WTO. One of the major opportunities that WTO membership provides for China is the possibility of transformation of the heavily regulated economy to the rules-based one adapted to market requirements. Moreover, WTO membership provides also the new possibilities for the Chinese private sector that can extend its participation in economic activities. On the other hand, China faces several challenges; the Chinese government comprehends that this serious step requires development of the large scale programs and reforms that would change the traditional macro-control and the image of “non-market economy”, adapt Chinese business to the new requirements and, at the same time, protect the national sectors. Mr. He Yafei, Minister and Deputy Chief of Mission of Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the United States, indicates such opportunities for China as broad commitments in subsidies, price control, improvement of the juridical procedures that can guarantee the transparent decision-making process. Besides, the private sector gets an opportunity to participate in various economic activities. The Chinese companies are able to create more stable commercial relations with their partners among WTO members. According to Mr. Yafei, the analysts expect “certain sector-specific benefits, e.g., possible increase of textiles and apparel exports due to the application of quota elimination and increased quota growth for China by restraining countries; a possible rush of foreign investments into China, thus boosting employment and economic growth” (Yafei, 2001). Analyzing development of the Chinese automobile industry, Chen, Shi, Ni & Chen indicate that WTO membership has significant impact on development of this sector. After joining WTO, the automobile industry demonstrated the average development rate 24,9% in a period from 2002 to 2005 and, “in 2002, the first year after joining in WTO, China’s automobile manufacturers produced 3263 thousand, increasing 37% compared to 2001; and then in 2003, the output was 4440, increasing 34% compared to 2002” (Chen, Shi, Ni & Chen). Such rapid growth i
The speech of Joe Sabia is a remarkable presentation, and the attention to it is explained by the speaker’s energetic manner. He starts it like a fairytale by saying that “once upon a time,” the art of storytelling was stagnant (Sabia, 2011). The change came the invention of the first children’s pop-up book by Lothar Meggendorfer (Sabia, 2011). The continuation of the speech is a well-thought tale informing the viewers on this event’s significance for technological development of storytelling. According to Sabia, its survival and evolution were connected to the mentioned invention. He sees the creation of the Internet as a part of this process. The end of the speech corresponds to its general style since the speaker states that the audience would “live happily ever after” due to the emergence of storytelling devices (Sabia, 2011). This presentation is memorable, and its effects are defined by the selection of appropriate visuals presented at a fast pace. However, it can be improved by the inclusion of more details regarding the evolution of the genre.
Comparison of Neutrogena and L’Oreal Neutrogena Corporation is a public limited company that was established in 1930 within the consumer goods industry. The firm’s headquarters are located in the Greater Los Angeles Area in the US. In its operation, Neutrogena Corporation deals with the manufacture of various personal care products. The management of the firm has adopted a good marketing strategy. This has enabled the firm’s products to be distributed in 70 countries. Currently, the firm is ranked as one of the largest firms which deal with the production and marketing of a wide range of Johnson & Johnson products. The firm has an extensive product line of personal care products related to hair and skincare. These include hair moisturizers and cleansers, anti-aging creams, and cosmetics. The firm also manufactures a variety of moisturizers and cleansers depending on the various skin types. For example, the firm manufactures cleaners that deal with sensitive skin. On the other hand, L’Oreal deals with a similar product line to those of Neutrogena. L’Oreal’s operation involves the production of a variety of cosmetics mainly perfumes and other beauty and hair products. The management of Neutrogena has incorporated the use of agencies in advertising its hair and skincare products. For example, some of the agencies that have been incorporated in its advertising strategy include famous celebrities who endorse the firm’s products (Kenneth Para. 3). In addition, market awareness of Neutrogena skin and hair care products is also made through the use of dermatologists. Its advertising strategy also involves posting its products in various medical journals, direct marketing to the doctors, and participating in medical conferences. The firm also markets its products in various luxury hotels. Unlike L’Oreal, the management of Neutrogena has incorporated the concept of cost efficiency in creating market awareness through the incorporation of hotels and medical institutions in its marketing strategy (Porter Para. 12). In creating market awareness, L’Oreal mainly relies on traditional methods of advertising. These include the use of print media, television, radio, and outdoor advertising through the use of billboards. Its advertising budget did not incorporate the use of the internet as a medium to create awareness. The company spends a significant amount of its financial capital on advertising. Approximately 75% of its advertising budget was allocated to television, 20% to print media, and 5% to billboards. However, the management of the firm is changing the way in which it conducts its advertising through the integration of online marketing through social networking tools such as the blog. The use of the internet has enabled the firm to launch new product lines such as men’s fragrances thus increasing the firm’s market size. In addition, the use of social networking tools in its advertising strategy has enabled the firm to save on the cost of advertising (L’Oreal experiments with new marketing mix’ Para. 3-7). To ensure effectiveness through the integration of online
Organizations need to change in order to sustain their competitive advantage. Therefore, the best organization who can adapt to the changing external and internal environment to maintain its position must learn from its surroundings (Senge 1990). It is mostly agreed upon that organizations today undergo change. Studies undertaken by Tushman et al. propose that most companies undergo periods of continuous incremental and irregular transformational change (John Hayes 2006 ). However, they also stress that:   * These changes at times occur with certain degree of regularity, which differ across sectors.   * They believe that in almost all industries, the rate of change is increasing and the time lag between periods of discontinuity is declining. This paper is a case study analysis of the change that has been experienced by Singapore Telecommunications (SingTel) for the last 5 years i.e. from 2004 to 2009. SingTel is one of the leading telecommunication groups with its operations spread across 20 countries (Datamonitor 2009). The company has revenue of $10,066 million in 2008 which increased by 11% since 2007. The paper will first discuss the change process that has been experienced by SingTel and undertake a PEST analysis of the external environment to see which pose a threat and opportunity to the company. Since 2003, SingTel had undergone tremendous change. A series of merger and acquisitions has been observed in the timeline of the company. In 2005, it acquired 100% stake at Reef Networks, which has fibre optic cable network in Australia. This was a definitive step towards expansion of operations in Australia. In 2006, it also acquired 74.15% stake in Virgin Mobile Australia from Virgin Group. This provided them the opportunity to become market leaders in Australian telecommunication market. In 2006, it also established it satellite-based broadband network in Maldives. In subsequent years, the companies entered into various agreements and collaborations with various companies in different areas related to communication. Further the organizational structure of the company was changes as observed from the Annual Reports of 2006 (SingTel 2006) and 2008 (SingTel 2009). Political Singapore has a parliamentary form of government and is a republic. The ruling party, which has been re-elected since 1959, is People’s Action party (PAP) and is presently headed by Lee Hsien Loong (U.S. Department of State 2008). However, there is certain political upheaval in a government, which is open about limited political liberalization (PRS Group 2008). The government usually follows a strategy of using the court as a means to blunt opposition (PRS Group 2008). PAP government has improved the environment for business, presently faces no challenge from oppositions, and so may continue to frame policies to improve the condition. Singapore faces no serious terrorist threats (Narasimhan 2009). The government follows extremely stable macroeconomic policies. In addition, with no expectation of change in the government the policies will tend remain stable for a long time. Economic The economic condition of Singapore is expected to slow down (Narasimhan 2009).
Affection is defined as fondness or a tender feeling toward another person (American Heritage Dictionary) winning affection from another person is not as easy as it may seem, it involves deep interest in the other person. In winning the affection of another person, several motivations and reasons have to accompany the need to win the affection. The primary reason is to try and satisfy one’s ego. Physical appearance and attraction has a strong impact on the reaction to these we would like to show affection. Behavioral attributes include the ways in which that person communicates, carries him/herself around and the way the individual socializes with others. (Karen Sherman) In order to win the affection of the other person, one has to satisfy various needs which are classified by Henry Murray an American Psychologist. The affection needs explain the ways in which one can win affection of others as follows: Affiliation is one of the needs and it refers to spending time with others. An individual who wants to win the affection of others does not need to be a loner but rather interact with others. By spending time with others one becomes easily sociable and the individual learns to share problems with others and solve them amicably. One can easily win the affection of others if he/she is sociable as the peers will be at a position of comprehending the individual’s behavior. Nurturance is another need that an individual can use to attract the affection of others. It involves taking care of the other person. When a person realizes that the other is interested in taking care of her/him then affection towards that individual will increase. It is important to do unto someone as he/ she does unto you; going by this slogan, it is inevitable to show affection to someone who cares for you. Playing is another way of winning other people’s affection. In this context playing implies having fun with others. It is doing pleasurable things with the people whose affection you want to attract. Activities of fun will help the individuals to learn more of their peers and analyze them critically; furthermore an individual’s character is revealed in different ways. Rejecting other people is also a way of winning affection of others. This means that the individual who wants to get affection from others has to avoid some people who are considered ‘bad’ by peers whose affection is attracted. When your friends realize how far you are from such characters the more affectionate they become. Another need that has to be fulfilled for one to attract affection of others is succorance and it means being protected or helped by others. When one is able to be protected by others, other people develop int
The perceived hatred and conflict between America and the Arab world are a subject that causes emotions among many people especially in the Arab world. Little’s book provides an interesting account of reasons for this hatred and the causes of 11 th 2001. On a cloudless Tuesday morning in September 2001, two Boeing 767 jetliners commanded by Arab terrorists stroke the World Trade center. Ninety minutes later, the twin towers exploded, killing nearly 3,000 office workers, firemen, and passerby and crushing everything in nearby territory. In ways that few could ever have imaged; Osama Bin Laden and his Afghan-based terrorist network Al-Qaeda had brought the Middle East problems and crisis to America. As rescue workers helped people in lower Manhattan, policy makers in Washington developed plans for military reaction against Bin Laden and his Taliban allies, President George W. Bush posed a question that most Americans were already asking themselves “why do they hate us?’’ (Little, D Pg 1). The President’s answer came during a nationally televised address nine days after the tragedy. “They hate our freedoms-our freedom of religion, our freedom of speech, of freedom to vote and assemble and disagree with each other”. Bush asserted on 20 September. “These terrorists kill not merely to end lives because we stand in their way”. Although Bush’s remarks seemed to capture a contemporary truth, the full answer to his question was deeply rooted in the past. Some initial answers may be found 130 years earlier, when Mark Twain and a band of self-styled pilgrims from different American cities and town first brought the US to the Middle East. Although his voyage took place more than a century before Middle East became a national obsession. Americans were provided with an enduring portrait of an unforgettable and unpredictable region by Twain at the moment when the United States was beginning to emerge as a super power (Little D, pg 2). US interests in the Middle East have developed aggressively but, in some respects, American attitudes have changed little since the nineteenth century. The public at large of course is now far more likely to get its information from CNN or the New York Times than from the real resources that do not disseminate propaganda. The hundreds of students who have attended Hebrew University in Jerusalem or American University in Beirut, the thousands of emigrants who have made new lives for themselves in Israel, and the tens of thousands of tourists who have touched the wailing wall have helped created a more adequate picture of the Middle East in the United States. And the oil executives, national security managers, and academic experts who shape US policy today have a far better understanding of Middle East cultural, economi
Introduction The criminal justice system of our country is one of the most important institutions for preserving the rule of law in our nation. This institution ensures that members of the society obey the law. Those who violate the law are punished by being taken to court where they might be fined or imprisoned. The harshest form of punishment employed by the United State’s criminal justice system is the death sentence. This form of punishment is reserved for the most vicious offenders. However, there is significant controversy surrounding the issue of the death penalty. While some people regard it as a necessary form of punishment, others view this sentence as unjustifiable. This essay will argue that the death sentence is justified and should therefore be utilized by States all over the country. The paper will support this argument by highlighting the various advantages of the death sentence. Support for the Death Penalty A major reason why the death sentence is justified is that it provides the highest deterrence. While most of the punishments given to offenders are meant to serve as retribution and rehabilitate the individual, the most vital role of punishments is to deter future crime. People are encouraged to abstain from criminal activity through the threat of punishments. A person who is thinking of committing a violent robbery might be dissuaded from this activity when he thinks of the long prison sentence he will be given if he is caught. Law and order in the society are therefore promoted through the deterrence function of punishments. Without a doubt, the death sentence is the ultimate punishment that can be given to a person. This punishment therefore
Negotiations play a decisive role in the life of any person living in a society as long as the interaction between people involves communicative means. Moreover, the trends of globalization that impact economy, politics, trade, business, labor, and many more spheres particularly affect negotiations or bargaining to achieve agreement between parties. The choice of strategies and appropriate techniques commonly depends on the time, power, and information and the context and participants of the bargaining process (Carrell & Heavrin, 2013). Therefore, this paper aims to explore negotiation strategies and techniques to assert that the variety of negotiation approaches allows for meeting different bargaining goals depending on agents’ interests. Importance of Negotiations and Strategy Choice The bargaining process has proven to be an omnipresent attribute of the everyday life of both the private and professional lives of people. The achievement of agreement over household decisions commonly involves similar communicational tactics as labor-related issues (Fisher et al., 1991). The relevance of negotiations to the sphere of labor and management is validated by the continuous emergence of problems and questions related to the quality of workplace conditions, wages, workers’ safety, development, and other pivotal issues. Qualitative and goal-oriented interactions between employees and employers are inherent in adequate well-structured negotiation of fundamental problems that play a decisive role in the prolonged cooperation of the parties on mutually beneficial terms (Huang et al., 2017). Thus, the ability to engage in the bargaining process on terms that allow for presenting one’s requirements and interests constitutes the essence of a democratic workplace setting. Although the interaction between employers and employees is commonly regulated by labor law, the processes related to negotiation are not strictly defined since parties might select any strategy or tactics they consider relevant in a particular situation. At the same time, “National Labor Relations Act requires that the parties bargain in good faith,” which is why the agents of the negotiation process must meet at a bargain table (Carrell & Heavrin, 2013, p. 172). Moreover, this regulation “provides that neither party has to agree to any particular proposal as long as it continues to bargain in good faith” (Carrell & Heavrin, 2013, p. 172). In such a manner, the negotiation process is defined and imposed by boundaries and general principles; however, there are several strategic options for parties to consider depending on their goals, interests, and resources. The choice of a negotiation strategy depends on the timing, information, and power as essential elements; it is also predetermined by the context in which the negotiations are undertaken. According to Carrell and Heavrin (2013), information, time, and power are essential elements of negotiations. Firstly, the information factor “shapes individuals’ assessment of reality, their negotiation strategy, and their expectations of what can be achieved, and thus the outcome of a negotiation” (Carrell