ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Different hotels try to improve their services and introduce new strategies that would make the level of services higher and help to gain customers’ loyalty. In this respect, empowerment is one of the management strategy tools that are usually used to enable employees make decisions in the front line. At the same time, empowerment is said to be one of the main obstacles for the ‘command-control process’ (Somers, 1997, p. 32). However, empowerment is considered to be a positive tool that improves the performance of employees and satisfaction of customers. The aspect where the employee should be empowered and the method to influence the situation are the key concerns in case the managers what to empower employees (Lashley, 2001, p. 135), especially if this is related to a small five-star hotel/motel where all employees got used to acting in accordance with specific instructions. In other words, a small five-star hotel/motel should be approached in a bit different way that a large hotel because of the employees and their role in its maintenance. For instance, to manage something in a small hotel, it is not necessary to engage all levels of management whereas in large hotels it turns out to be inevitable. Empowerment can be understood differently in different countries with regard to the level of development of the hotel industry and tourism as well as perception of the hotel by customers being one of the most highly-motivating and encouraging factors in this case. As claimed by Imai (1986), “In Japan, empowerment is characterised as being process-oriented rather than result0oriented management” (as cited in Sofield, 2003, p. 96). Empowerment in the hotel sector, as stated by Jones and Davies (1991), is “basically about pushing responsibility and decision making down the organization to those employees closest to the customer” (p. 213 as cited in Sofield, 2003, p. 96). In other words, many authors perceive empowerment as a means for a manger to get rid of some portion of responsibility whereas it simply encourages frontline employees for more initiative in decision-making. Group empowerment is another useful tool in management that enables a manger to control employees that are free to make decisions in accordance with the situational necessity. “…autonomous groups do require an organisational culture where hierarchy, status, and control are set aside in favour of results, trust, and empowerment” (Pizam, 2005, p. 293). In this respect, hierarchy and corporate culture become important elelment of empowerment because employees should strictly realize what the
Introduction Background of Study The complexity of human behavior has led to an agreement among researchers that the behavior of health caregivers has significant power on patient recovery. For example, health providers’ traits, the ability to express warmth and concern for the patient have appeared to increase a patient’s recovery rate drastically. Interpersonal traits involve more than how one communicates with others since it involves the speaker’s confidence and ability to listen and understand. How effectively one solves problems and manage stress is what is referred to as interpersonal traits. Malpractice lawsuits usually arise from inadequate communication with patients, and this can be easily be avoided with caregivers paying extra attention concerning communication with patients. Lee et al. (2002) point out that effective interpersonal communication between a patient and a caregiver is determined by the way a caregiver presents him or herself at the patient’s bedside. Patients judge this as a major indicator of their caregiver’s general competence. Statement of Problem How a caregiver relates with a patient has a remarkable effect on whether the patient will be satisfied or raise concerns. However, in most cases, caregivers do not encourage two-way communication between themselves and the patients, especially when the discussion touches on sensitive issues such as the severity of a patient’s condition. In other instances, caregivers tend to prefer patients to take everything they are told without raising too many questions that could lead to patient dissatisfaction with the services provided to them at the end. This study, therefore, aims at establishing instances of failure of interpersonal traits and probable ways to address these problems (Clack, et al. 2004). Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to establish if interpersonal traits affect relationships between patients and caregivers (staff) in healthcare environments. Research Question The study seeks to answer the question: what are the effects of interpersonal traits in relationships between patients and caregivers in health environments? Organization of Study This paper has three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the introduction and research questions. Chapter 2 deals with the literature review, and conceptual models while the last chapter deals with data collection methods, analysis, and the conclusion. Literature Review Interpersonal Traits Skills used by a person to interact effectively with other people are referred to as interpersonal traits. These include listening skills, facial expressions, gestures, communication skills among others. These traits are easily developed and enable caregivers to earn huge rewards to their profession as well as ensure maximum patient satisfaction. Importance of Interpersonal Traits Interpersonal
There are a lot of different opinions concerning the oil industry’s future. However, all parties agree that this issue is a major concern to everyone. It speaks to our pockets everyday, it rings in our ears through the news, and its effects are visible in our environment. Oil is used in virtually everything we have today, from energy to even agricultural inputs (Campbell, 196). Additionally, its importance has led to financial, political and even security concerns (Stern, 1651). That is why I picked out this topic, because it is such a big concern in the modern world. With so much speculation in the world with regards to oil, I think it makes for a good research. The specific issue about oil being explored in my essay is concerning its supply. I will explore the various opinions that exist and give the proof as regards the specific opinion. To further illustrate this argument, I have picked out four stakeholders within the oil industry. All of the stakeholders will be arguing out their respective point of view from according to professional and personal interests. They will be used to offer the various opinions that exist concerning the future of oil availability in the world. Mr. Jones (Geologist) Hello. My name is Mr. Jones. I believe that the world’s supply of oil is about to run out, and we need to be prepared. Many of you are skeptical of this fact, especially considering how dependant we are on this precious commodity. However, I will show you that it is true, and our inability to act now is a ticking time bomb. Oil utilization in the past century has increased exponentially; this is common knowledge. As of 2009, the average oil production was at slightly over 84 million barrels a day (Energy Information Administration). This figure is only set to rise over the next few years. The US is currently the largest consumer of oil, and the world is likely to catch up over the next few years. This will take the total tally of international oil consumption from the 75 million barrels per day in 2004 to 120 million by 2030 (Smale). So internationally, we are increasing our use of oil without thinking of about its limited availability. We have seen that the international consumption of oil is increasing at a very fast rate. However, we know that oil is a non-renewable resource. The rate at which it can be replaced, if it is replaceable, is so slow that it is negligible (Campbell, 199). The only way you can drink water from a cup without finishing it is if its supply is infinite, or if it is too much to finish. Unfortunately, our cup of oil isn’t infinite, nor is it too much to finish. Here in the US, oil production peaked in the 1971 (Speedace). Other countries have followed, and internationally Goldman Sachs predicted that oil would peak in 2007. Oil peaking means that the oil reserve has reached its largest extraction capacity; production from then on is set to decline (Porter, 187). If you do not believe his prediction was true, then you have not been listening to the news. Already, countries
Introduction Governments have the responsibility of promoting trade activities and developing infrastructure for their citizens to live happily. Nations have different resources, and this means that they must seek assistance from those that have what they lack. In addition, governments rely on individuals and non-governmental organizations to provide services and goods through contracts (Hansen, 2014). This essay examines the problem of conflicts of interest in government contracting and the steps that should be taken to curb this menace. The Dimensions of the Problem Governments have a lot of money that is supposed to be used to offer high-quality services to the public. People require passable roads, security, water and sewerage systems, schools, health facilities, and other amenities that promote their standards of living. However, they do not have all the required manpower to offer these services to their citizens. Therefore, they seek the services of contractors and expect them to meet the required standards. However, the high costs of tenders and other benefits associated with government contracts make it lucrative for businessmen and those responsible for awarding them. The competition involving winning tenders makes some people use dubious means to win them. Government officials are usually influenced to accept bribes from companies that want to win tenders through backdoor schemes. Developing nations are at significant risk of flouting procurement processes because of incompetent and corrupt individuals and institutions. The problem with most countries is that they have weak policies that regulate the process of awarding government contracts to individuals. Unscr
After reading, “Good Boy, Beau. Stay,” what did you notice about the way Anna Quindlen uses description and the way she organizes her essay? As an author, Quindlen (2013) coherently organizes her essays. In the essay “Culture: Good Boy, Beau”, she begins with a description of a simple outing to the veterinary officer. She then explains the reasons as to why she went to see the veterinary officer alone. This part is followed by a brief introduction to her dog and the relevance of her story. The use of descriptive language helps Quindlen vividly tell her story to the reader. Through her detailed description, the reader appears to be in her shoes, experiencing her feelings and emotions. For example, it is interesting to read about what dog Beau used to be when it was young and energetic, and how things have changed later. One of the points the author makes is that although the dog was old and dying, there are a lot of good memories left behind. These memories have translated into life lessons to the author. Some of these lessons include taking things and situations as they come and evaluating herself in terms of the present (Quindlen, 2013). Some of the outstanding sensory details used in the story involve sight and hearing. The author tries to create an image in the reader’s mind to show how active her dog was. For example, describing how it was running around, she mentions that it wagged its tail, lay down, and danced in circles. The hearing is also involved in description to support the image created in the reader’s mind with the auditory effects. The author describes that she could hear the doctor calling her name and dog Beau breathing heavily at the smell of bacon. The sense of smell is also used in the description where the author states that both the dog and the rug smelt (Quindlen, 2013). Use examples from your own experiences, evidence from your essays, and good old-fashioned logic and reason to persuade people to avoid the pitfalls of the grammatical, mechanical, or stylistic error you have chosen As a student, one is expected to write many academic papers and essays. A good paper may contain some slight mistakes. These errors should be corrected during revision or while proofreading the work after writing. Correcting these errors can be time-consuming and tiring, and therefore, it can be helpful if a writer learns to avoid them in the first round. One of the grammatical errors, on which I was used to bogging down, was confusing similar words and interchanging their usage. Some of these words included ‘that’ and ‘which’, ‘me’ and ‘I’. These are words commonly mistaken by students both in the written and the spoken forms. To deal with this problem, I have had to study the meaning and usage of these words. As the common saying goes, practice makes perfect. I have researched on them, learned how to use them, and continuously practiced using them in sentences. For example, I have real
There is a widespread assumption that urban cities provide an environment favorable for the development of general freedom. One needs to note that the relevant phenomenon is determined by a number of factors. First of all, one of the distinguishing features of an urban city is its size. Large space is immediately associated with free atmosphere contrary to the limited areas of small towns. Hence, the size of urban cities is a symbol of freedom in itself Moreover, another critical characteristic of urban cities is the high density of population. On the face of it, the following factor is not connected with the creation of a free environment. Nevertheless, one might assume that intensive crowdedness creates an impression of being imperceptible that allows people behave more freely than they would do in a less populous place. Lastly, it is the heterogenic environment that contributes largely to the cultivation of the feeling of freedom in the inhabitants of urban cities. Sociologist Puja Mondal notes that the cultural diversity of big cities makes people less dependable on their national and traditional background (Mondal n.d.). As a result, one might suppose that people in urban cities feel less obliged to follow the strict standards of their culture or religion than the inhabitants of smaller communities. One should necessarily note that the environment of freedom typical of urban cities has some negative consequences for its inhabitants as well. Hence, many specialists agree upon the point that big cities are more liable to various criminal acts than small towns (Paddison 2001). The relevant phenomenon might be explained by the fact that people often tend to associate the notion of freedom with that of permissiveness. As a result, they might choose a criminal line of conduct in the hope that it will remain unnoticed. Another reason for the development of illegal enterprise in urban cities is the freedom of activity. Hence, big cities offer a vast variety of professional opportunities, while a significant part of them is not ultimately lawful. The citizens of urban cities are, consequently, more susceptible to all sorts of temptations than the inhabitants of small towns that do not have such a spectrum of choice. Another negative outcome
Introduction The continuum of communication style is an essential concept in the practice of rehabilitation. It consists of three main forms, which are directing, guiding, and following methods. The directing style focuses on giving a specific set of instructions to a person, whereas the following style allows an individual to come up with his or her solution to the issue. In the middle, there is a guiding style, which gives a small amount of valuable information, but it is up to a person to use them. There are also key verbs that are associated with each type of communication style. For example, in the directing style, the primary verbs are to authorize, manage, prescribe, and order. However, in the following form, the verbs are to understand, value, listen, and allow (Miller & Rollnick, 2015). The contrast is substantial due to the fact that one style gives full freedom of action to a person, whereas the other one gives clear and outlined guidelines. Main body In rehabilitation counseling, it is important to be able to quickly understand if an individual requires the directing or following style of communication. The main reason is that some people tend to recover better if they possess freedom of choice, and no forced actions are taken against them. However, some people are more inclined to follow a strict set of rules because they might believe in authority figures and respect experts. A social worker needs to be honest with the client, explaining to him/her that recovery is a long process. Refusing to take alcohol and drugs is not enough, a professional needs to work on the recovery program that the psychologist offers the client. The task of the social worker is to tell the client what can happen to him if he does not follow the recovery program (Miller & Rollnick, 2015). In fact, the work of a social worker is the prevention of disruptions, assistance in the development of new ways of life by clients, that is, recovery is a process that is in constant evolution. Thus, in the given cases, the directing and guiding style is recommended. In order to effectively provide psychological assistance to clients suffering from alcoholism, a social worker needs to be well able to use all the listening, responding, and pondering skills, as well as maintain confidentiality, be able to write down information, be able to resolve crisis situations and refer to specialists. Formulation by the social worker of the essence of what the client feels is highly important. Unlike rephrasing, the description of emotions mainly refers to the emotional side of the client’s message, expressed verbally or nonverbally (Miller & Rollnick, 2015). Thus, the description of emotions is a sympathetic response to the emotional state of the client. These cases of rehabilitation mostly require the guiding and following styles. Summing up, the main results of the discussion during the consultation is critical. The summary can focus on both feelings and content and can be used after discussing a specific topic during the meeting or at the end of it as an overview of all the main issues. In both cases, the summary should be short, practical, and not have new additional conten
The practice of tipping has emerged as a major method of compensating the wait personnel as it improves their performance with zero costs. In terms of an organizational structure, tipping refers to the method of rewarding individuals (Mandy, 2016). Since one of the fundamental problems that every organization faces is that decision-makers do not have appropriate incentives, the practice of tipping provides the wait staff with such an incentive. From an economic point of view, tipping is beneficial for all the three parties, namely, the managerial staff of a restaurant, the wait staff, and customers. To earn more tips, workers will do their best to provide high-quality service to their clients. Moreover, the wait staff is motivated to sell more since the tip depends on the total sum of the bill. As the sum of the tip is not fixed and depends on the customer, it is expected that waiters will be encouraged to improve their performance to get a larger tip. Customers, in turn, will be more satisfied with the quality of service, provided that the wait staff has an incentive in that. Restaurants also benefit from the practice of tipping since it allows for enhancing the performance of the wait staff at the cost of customers (Tung & Reyes, 2018). If customers are satisfied with the service, the odds are they will come to the restaurant once again and recommend it to their friends. It should also be stated that such a method of rewarding may significantly eliminate the number of conflicts between waiters arising from the system of rewarding since it is not managers but clients who decide on tips. Therefore, the organizational architecture of restaurants promotes the excellent performance of the wait staff. It is customers who typically decide on the amount of the tip because they are the recipients of the service. It is considered that only the customer can adequately evaluate the quality of the service and whether a waiter did a good or bad job. Since there is no standard metrics of the quality of a waiter’s performance and the customer experience is mostly a subjective matter, the choice of how much tips to pay is given to customers. Restaurants want every waiter to be rewarded with tips. This complies with an organizational architecture and allows the managerial staff to save money on employee rewards. When an individual visits a restaurant, he or she eagerly gives tips to a waiter. However, when a group of individuals comes to a restaurant, they may be reluctant to give tips. If every person pays his or her share of the bill, the amount collected may appear to be less than the sum of the bill and tips. As a result, a waiter has less incentive to provide customers with high-quality service. Restaurants require tips from large parties for waiters to be compensated for their service.
In his poem On first looking into Chapman’s Homer, Keats reacts with delight to a translation of the ancient Greek epics. Because Chapman was roughly a contemporary of Shakespeare, his version is tough to understand for modern readers. It is, indeed, however, lively and poetic. This feeling of being transported by the book is deeply familiar to anyone trying to read a great work of literature. He offers a fine argument for reading writing from all times and cultures. If, as it seems from his poem, Keats had previously only tried to translate Homer himself, it is understandable that Chapman was a joyous revelation. Keats shows how he is transported by Homer in a way he never anticipated by using vivid examples of other new and unexpected items. He compares the sensation of finding a strange celestial body or discovering a new ocean. These are both images that suggest that there is still more to learn and find in Homer, as in a new planet or a new body of water. That is the way that science fiction affects some people, and indeed the way that the fully imagined fantasy worlds of Tolkien and Rowling affect younger readers. Keats demonstrates a feeling that anyone who has tried to struggle through a great work in its original language can recognize. For someone who is studying in a second language, this happens often. A good translation is a great gift, if not a necessity, although reading in the original, as Keats must-have, is also helpful. A good translation is a great gift, if not a necessity, although reading in the original, as Keats must-have, is also helpful. Giving readers the sense of being immersed in the world of the Greeks and the Trojans, or in the world of any fine literature, is a goal for many writers. The experience of another time and place through the author’s words is one of the most compelling reasons for sharing great works across nations and times. If readers are experiencing each other’s current lives and history through their reading, then there is perhaps a higher chance of keeping the peace with one another. Keats shows the reader, in this poem of appreciation, just how important reading is to him. His imagery makes a powerful case for reading across national, linguistic, and temporal boundaries. Frankenstein: A Modern Prometheus presents the 21st-century reader with many challenges. Although many people may think that they know the story in its significant outlines, actually reading it opens up some surprising and disturbing insights on the plot, the nature of society in the early 1800s, and holds up a mirror to contemporary society as well. One of the most striking features, to a modern reader, of Frankenstein: A Modern Prometheus is that the action that is focused on so heavily by film adaptations occupies only a few lines of the novel. The story of Frankenstein’s creation is embedded in and surrounded by several other stories; the story of Elizabeth’s joining of the family, the story of Justine, and the story of Ar