ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The well-known movie called “The Wizard of Oz” was released in 1939. The film is recognized as a musical fantasy. It is based on the novel “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” written by Frank Baum in 1900. The film has millions of admirers all over the world. The creators of “The Wizard of Oz” applied a number of memorable and genius special effects, used Technicolor, musical effects and complicated artistic make-up for the characters, all of these techniques were ahead it their time and made the film an outstanding piece of cinematographic art and a recognizable work of the American popular culture. The main characters of the film are a young girl called Dorothy Gale and her dog Toto. Dorothy lives in Kansas on the farm with her aunt and uncle. The conflict begins when Toto bites the neighbor and is taken away from his owner. Clever Toto manages to escape, and Dorothy runs away from home with him to save her favorite pet. The girl’s farmhouse gets into a tornado and is carried to the Munchkinland located in the world of Oz where Dorothy and Toto meet Glinda, the Good Witch of the North. The house accidentally kills a Wicked Witch of the East, so her sister, the Wicked Witch from the West, threatens Dorothy, while she becomes the new owner of the dead Witch’s magic ruby slippers. Glinda tells Dorothy to go to the Emerald City following the yellow brick road to find the powerful Wizard of Oz, who can help the girl come back home. On her way to the City, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, who needs the brain, the Tin Woodsman, who has no heart and the Cowardly Lion, who lacks courage. They all are hoping for the Wizard’s help. Yet, the powerful Wizard of Oz sends them to another quest; the friends need to fetch the Wicked Witch’s broom. During their trip to the Witch’s castle, the Scarecrow demonstrates his wit, the Tin Woodsman shows kindness and sensitivity, and the Lion turns out to be brave. Dorothy’s friends already have the qualities they seek, but they do not realize it. The adventure at the Wicked Witch’s castle leads to the Witch’s death after she sets the Scarecrow on fire. Trying to put out her friend, Dorothy accidentally splashes water at the Witch. As a result, the wicked old lady melts, and Dorothy gets the desired broom. After the company of friends returns to the Emerald City the Wizard of Oz gets exposed by Toto and turns out to be a simple middle-aged man, the big burning head and other appearances of the Wizard turned out to be special effects. The Wizard presents the Scarecrow with a diploma. The Tin Woodsman gets a heart-s
Abstract In the present world, business competition requires high degree of intelligence, smartness, and innovation in order to match growing list of new entrants into the sector. Similarly, influence from external forces such as political structures, environmental issues, legal structures, and market liberalisation play an integral role in shaping business success. Confinement to profit-making systems slowly goes to extinction as market penetration and control take centre stage in the sector. In order to match growing demand from consumers, management dynamics become vital. Business managers continue to focus on leadership structures that seek to outsmart their opponents in the sector. Strategic management and planning remain one of the key emerging strategy business leaders undertake to counteract competitors in the market. This paper seeks to analyse strategic management structures using the PESTEL systems and develop a management plan for Emirates Telecommunications Corporation’s management designs. Executive Summary Organisations put down several measures to cut down costs and increase productivity. SWOT Analysis presents routine measures many companies use in management. However, this method slowly goes extinct as more emphasis goes to several facets in production systems. Politics, economics, social standards, ecological issues, and legal structures require inclusion in management systems to ensure sustainability. For this reason, PESTEL Analysis tool enjoys wide usage in many organisations’ management systems. Strategic management in telecommunication sector plays a vital role in reducing costs, improving efficiency in services delivery, and maintaining customer base. It develops clear direction and scope of an organisation within a given period enabling achievement of both short term and long-term goals. Introduction Business management revolves around change. In many institutions, instigating change remains an up-hill task given the institutionalisation of business and organisation culture within employees. Developing strategies for creating changes in management structures requires adequate analysis and understanding of the business’ strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats from the competitors. Consequently, integrating issues such as political factors, environmental aspects, legal and policy frameworks, and technological issues into production systems of business helps in the introduction of change that seeks to spur business in greater heights. Introduction of these facets set out clearly measureable deliverables that enable business leaders to assess success levels of the management structures introduced. In a black box management system, measuring success of business management structures adopted becomes difficult given the dynamism within the completion sector (Martinez 1999). However, with in house integration of all factors as adopted by PESTEL analysis system, such inadequacies vanish given ease of developing success benchmarks. PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis represents a tool used in id
David Guile & Toni Griffiths present a multi dimensional analysis on the development of work experience by students before their graduation and subsequent absorption to the job market. Contemporary learning theories, new developments in adult learning and education as well as curriculum development theory has been used as a basis to critique the current thinking that underlies work experience learning. What the authors aim to bring out in their analysis is the issue of context as it applies in learning through education. According to them context has been ignored by most models that seek to explain work experience and as a result they recommend a formulation of new curriculum frameworks that acknowledge that work takes many forms and within the wider context of work, students should be engaged fully in theory quest for acquisition of knowledge, skills and identity. To expound further on the above aim of the paper, the authors analyze different systems of work experience activities that are available to students from various European countries. These activities aim to help students learn and develop vertically as well as horizontally within the many contexts of education and work. The paper does also analyze the different models that explain the approaches used in acquiring work experience. The models also examine the policy changes that have taken place towards the learner, skills acquired, and to the field of pedagogy. The analysis in the paper borders on the critical. Guille and Griffiths argue that the any analysis of work experience must incorporate the different contexts in which the topic of study falls. They also argue that most of the models that are used in this studies approach issues generally hence fail to give a clear picture of what work related studies are and how they are executed. The general approach also fails to examine the weaknesses that the system has hence thee programs remain unaltered for their betterment. The authors finally suggest a drastic review of the VET programs to ensure that students gain from them by learning to relate their vertical development to their horizontal development. Theoretical learning that characterizes learning that takes place in the classrooms is vertical. Failure to put in place an elaborate horizontal learning environment that can only be provided by these programs only produces half baked students to the job market. Learning perspective The paper concentrates on the pedagogical perspective of learning. Pedagogy is a teacher-centered approach where the teacher decides what to fe
The early part of the last century has seen contradictory opinions by various Egyptologists on whether Egyptians had entered the Great Pyramids long before the Mohammedan era. These conflicting surveys also linger on whether this entry into the Pyramids was through cunning art or some substantial knowledge of its methods of construction. The film “Into the Great Pyramids”, answers some of these views including the culture of the people who built the Pyramids and also how they accomplished this phenomenal engineering feat. In this documentary, Egyptologist Zahi Al- Hawass reveals some of the most recent spectacles in archaeological showcasing in Egypt. The sarcophagus which is one of Egypt’s oldest artifacts is also revealed to the whole world in one piece. The film deciphers the undergoing mythology surrounding the Great Pyramids while also giving some more insights on how the Pyramids were developed. We are therefore going to look at some aspects that come out from the film. Evidence of Past and Present Colonialism Historical artifacts and its disclosure define the contemporary politics in the field of Egyptology and its affiliation to European colonial powers. For instance, Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt can be seen through the drawings of the ancient tombs and monuments, along with other aspects of Egypt such as the meticulous drawings of mosques, citadel, the Pyramids, and the Sphinx, just to name a few (Wynn 49). After the British ousted they kept the original Rosetta stone which had tremendous importance to Egypt. Various Hieroglyphs have also been found to be in French, German, and English texts. The methods used to construction of these Pyramids greatly revolutionized the ancient architecture and so did their cultural way of life. One big finding was in Bahariya Oasis, Giza Governorate where a cosmic necropolis that dated back to the Greek-Roman period was unearthed. This Old Kingdom represented a period when Bahariya was a key wine producing and trading post for the desert caravans subsequent. These science expeditions and innovations brought by the early European invasion can still be seen through the technological know-how in the daily lives of Egyptians, that has also facilitated some archeological findings. Some of these monumental findings have also being traced in some of these European countries such as the Cleopatra Needles, the obelisks of Alexandria that now stand in London and New York City (Wynn 55). This historical rivalry for Egypt’s treasure by the Europeans was seen a cultural invasion that penetrated and robbed Egyptians of their own heritage, norm, and statutes which they held at heart. The withholding of some of these monuments by some European countries is seen as present day colonialism. The An
Introduction History is an academic discipline which basically aims at giving a critical analysis of various events that occurred or are currently taking place. There has been a notion that history is simply based on rumors and that it relies on story telling. This notion is very wrong because historical knowledge is based on accurate evidence which can be used to prove that something happened due to a particular reason. For example we can always give reasons to justify the causes of war in our societies. “History can be divided into socio- economic and political categories” (Stumpf 67). Apart from this type of classification, we also have philosophy of history “which is the theory aspect of the discipline of academic history, and deals with questions such as the nature of historical evidence, the degree to which objectivity is possible” (MacMillan 34). The philosophical aspect of history gives it some authenticity and it also enables us to critically understand its nature. “For example, we can compare and contrast history and other disciplines through the study of its philosophy” (Dupre 98). Philosophy of history encompasses several elements which governs its analysis. For example it deals with reason and language as some of its elements. It is therefore imperative to critically analyze the importance of language and reason in history. Language can be defined as “a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols” (Neustadt 89). There are disparities in the characteristics that govern the use of various languages. Reason can be defined “as an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon” (Neustadt 91). Since history is majorly preoccupied with explaining when events occurred and why they occurred, I therefore contend that both reason and language are important in history. Importance of Language in History Language is a very unique development among human beings and it has had much influence on the life of mankind as a whole. “For example it has affected the nature of learning various academic disciplines in various institutions” (Dupre 138). There are so many languages in the world today and the popularity of a particular language depends on the number of people that speak it. The importance of language in history can therefore be described as follows. “The history of a given community can be learned through the study of their language” (Gottlieb 215). For instance a linguist who may wish to learn particular aspects of a given society may rely on their language. In this case the linguist can study some words which describe a given phenomena. For example words that describe places may help the linguist to examine the migration patterns of a particular community (Gottlieb 230). In addition to these, the study of words that describe political activities can reveal how a particular community was governed. Language also enables us to articulate our attitudes, feelings, ideas, interpretations, and facts about a given phenomena. For example, one can
Summary Comparative advantage is an important aspect of economics, and it has made many economists design studies aimed at understanding the concept in a better manner. Although the aspect seems to be easy, many international economists and professors have admitted that it is a relatively difficult issue that must be well understood by managers and nations in order to engage in profitable business activities. Despite the fact that a Ricardian model is a simple approach with regard to international free trade, distinguished economists have argued that the approach to trade looks oversimplified. In fact, the people who often term the model simple are casual readers who have no deep interest in understanding the impact of the aspect of international trade. Goldsmith contends that David Ricardo focused on specialization, which countries could adopt to ensure that they succeed in their business activities. Goldsmith also argues that Ricardo proposed that nations should conduct business activities that have a high chance of achieving comparative advantage. Many economists who have reviewed the Ricardian model have not offered satisfactory answers in response to several questions raised with regard to the issue. The assertion by Michael Lind about the theory of free international trade is not founded on any economic principles. In fact, the statement by the renowned intellectual writer does not contain any economic fact. For example, the writer ignores the use of facts by assuming that the 30% improvement in production in the US was achieved in all sectors of the economy. This is a dangerous assumption that could lead to inaccurate projections in the future because economists focus on past events to predict economic performances in the future. The fact is that the increase in productivity was unequally distributed among the different sectors of the economy. For example, the business sector recorded only a 13% increase in production. Regardless of the flaws made by several people when explaining the Ricardian model, it could be concluded the theory has three essential assumptions. First, it assumes that salaries are influenced by the availability of labor in the market. However, the problem with the assumption is that professionals and non-professionals seem to view trade with respect to labor differently. Second, the model hypothesizes that all nations
Adaptations create a distance from the originals by concentrating diegesis on several essential aspects, shifting emphasis. It is not necessarily new work, but rather the discovery of new meanings that may be contained in the original but underestimated by criticism or performance. A Thousand Acres (1997) is a film adaptation by director Jocelyn Moorhouse of Jane Smiley’s eponymous novel, the modern prototype of William Shakespeare’s King Lear (1606). The task of A Thousand Acres is to demonstrate the relevance and popularity of the primary source among the modern reader, simultaneously with criticism and rethinking of specific points. Comparing the plot and characters of Shakespeare’s play and its adaptation, it becomes evident that Moorhouse has remained relatively close to the first text in many ways. Although the action takes place in the 1970s in Iowa, the plot of her production remains identical. Both tragedies are the story of a father who divides his property between his two daughters while rejecting the third, who later comes to the father’s aid. Other parallels exist at imagery: as symbols of status and power, Larry Cook’s thousand acres correspond to King Lear’s hundred knights. Furthermore, both works develop themes of compassion and reconciliation, the appearance and role of women in a patriarchal society. There is an illustration of the suppression of women with the dominance of men. Thus, the similarities found in King Lear and A Thousand Acres serve as a reminder that time passes, but attitudes and manners rarely change. However, A Thousand Acres differs from the original in many significant aspects. First of all, Smiley made the author’s task more difficult by moving the characters of her rework to entirely different time and space from the original. Moreover, incest is critical, while King Lear does not speak about it directly, and Shakespeare only describes the relationship between father and daughter as overly passionate. In King Lear , Lear is an arrogant and rude person, but he grows and learns humility throughout the play, contributing to his reconciliation with his daughter Cordelia. In turn, Lear’s prototype – Larry Cook is not capable of moral improvement, remains arrogant and selfish until the end of his life, and the family remains fragmented. Furthermore, the role of women in society is also described in different ways in these works. In Shakespeare’s original, women have no place in patriarchal power structures. They are compared to the devil: “See thyself, devil! Proper deformity shows not in the fiend / So horrid as in woman” (Shakespeare, n.d.). In A Thousand Acres , women, on the contrary, evoke compassion. Regarding the juxtaposition of the adaptation with the original, although Larry’s physical abuse of his daughter is weakened in the adaptation, the moral gap between father and daughter appears to be more precise and emotional. Thus, an inversion
It is important to note that expatriates in the modern era of globalization play important and boundary-spanning roles for their organizations. Expatriates operate in unfamiliar environments, thereby making their tasks difficult and uncertain. However, there is limited research when it comes to boundary-spanning roles. This research study seeks to demystify the nature of the boundary-spanning roles that are played by expatriates with the view of creating a theoretical framework. Previously, the concept of boundary-spanning roles was divided into two theories; open systems and role theory. Subsequently, role theory was concerned with social systems within an organization, while open systems theory dealt with the stability of an organization’s systems. On the other hand, most empirical studies on boundary-spanning roles have focused on macro instead of micro factors. Past research has cataloged the functional activities of boundary-spanning roles to include ambassador, task coordinator, guard, and scout. This study seeks to expand the scope of this research to include the microelements of this subject matter. Some of the examined aspects include expatriates’ engagements with external agents, particulars of these engagements, direction, and purpose of these activities. The study also sought to establish how past expatriate management trends compare to emerging ones. As an exploratory case study, the research utilized both data from interviews and literature reviews. Data were analyzed based on a grounded theory with the help of the raw data that was collected earlier. The overall results were expected to propagate a solid theoretical framework. The results of the study revealed various boundary episodes within the context of the study, including collaborating with diplomats, dealing with host governments, encounters with academics, and dealings with local businesses. The results also indicate that there is an emergent typology of the expatriate’s boundary-spanning role. Subsequently, nine dimensions of the expatriate’s boundary spanning-role are established, and they include new microelements such as guarding, delivering, negotiating intermediary, representing and guarding. The results support the hypothesis that there is a need for a tool that can enhance the knowledge of boundary-spanning roles. Most of the new dimensions of these roles are independent factors that can accommodate future research. Although they were limitations to this research, the results are quite relevant to the managerial culture.
The debates on the problem of slavery took place in the USA in 1840s. The key point of the discussion was the prohibition or, on the contrary, the permission of the slavery on the new territories. The opinions of the opposing parties divided, and both parties pressed the case with rather strong arguments. From the religious point of view, there were arguments, which defended as pro-slavery position, as well as those that were against it. The adherences of the pro-slavery position, trying to defend their point of view, used those fact that there was no the distinct position in the Bible, which condemned the institution of the slavery. However, this point of view is rather disputable, the adherence of this theory adduced the examples from the ancient bible texts, in which the religious leaders had owned slaves. The typical representative of the apologists was George Freeman, a Protestant Minister. In his arguments he emphasizes the fact, that the relations between the master and the slave are viewed by the Bible as a natural sort of things. The Baptist pastor Stringfellow in his works uses such term as Christian mercy, which is given to the slaves by their owners. According to him it is a delight given by God to the Africans to be a slave of the Christian owners. Stringfellow believes that, by involving into Christianity, Africans save their soul. One of the adherents of the anti-slavery position was William Wilson. He was strongly convinced that slavery had nothing to do with the Christian teaching. Together with Wilson, John Fee considered that the institution of the slavery had to be abolished. As well as their opponents abolitionists also referred to the Bible. They insisted on the fact, that God had created a man in order to dominate the animals and the nature, but not the human beings. One of the reasons of the colonization of America was the search of the religious freedom. The desire of the early colonists was to escape from the religious interdictions of their countries. They wanted to achieve the freedom of conscience and the latitude in religion. These wishes affected the seeking of the new religion, which would have nothing in