ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Rock and Roll to the Radio and Recording Industries In the 1950s, Rock and Roll became the greatest genre of music in the United States (Dominick, 2009).This was attributed to the increased number of young people listening to radio stations, buying Rock and Roll records, and those viewing programs on the national television which featured Rock and Roll music. If a combination of factors that were somehow strange to that period and time lacked, then the change in the music to capture the resurgence of Rock and Roll would not have happened. Such factors included, the actions coming from the American union of music composers, the singers, producers, publishers, the occurrence of the economic stability that followed the end of the World War II, improved technological changes regarding technology, the dominance of the television stations as the top entertainment spots, and the unexpected ability of young people to pay for the Rock and Roll records (Mabry, 1970). Rock and Roll had adverse effects on the recording and radio industries during this period. This genre was mainly associated with the Black American leanings. The kind of segregation against the blacks ensured that the white youth lacked access to this type of music. With the arrival of television, most people shifted to watching television and ignored radio. The radio thus resorted to playing any kind of music of the time that could appeal to the listeners. During that time, Rock and Roll appealed to the teenagers since most of the performers were young people who were in their 20s. Most young people were therefore keen on producing their own songs that they could record easily at cheap prices in the recording studios established locally within the country. The availability of cheap records from the youth enabled the radio stations to advance since most stations could not afford to pay for any live performances from established artists. Thus, the available Rock and Roll records served as the best alternative option that the stations had (Mabry, 1970). Impacts of Disintermediation Disintermediation refers simply to the removal of middlemen or middle people from a value chain. However, within this context, disintermediation refers to the step by step elimination of chains of record brokering or by popular terminology; intermediation. For instance, in the music and recording industry, the availability of downloadable music samples from the Web could render any recorded compact disk from artists obsolete. However, disintermediation has its fair share of merits and demerits for the industry. Nevertheless, it has balanced the playing field for all the stakeholders involved in the value chain. This refers to the producers in the recording studios and all those involved
Introduction Considering the importance of the analysis of internal bureaucratic structures of well-known organizations, the given essay pays primary attention to the structural dimensions of Mitsubishi, one of the most famous Japanese companies. The given organization was chosen because its products (especially cars) are used by people almost in any country. The quality of their products is appreciated by numerous members of my family, and it has influenced the choice of topic for the given assignment. Among the particular aims of the essay, the paper discusses a few topics related to the chosen bureaucratic organization. To begin with, it discusses the key activities of Mitsubishi Japan. What is more, it applies the primary concepts characterizing bureaucracies to define whether the chosen company has a bureaucratic structure. In the end, it applies the knowledge about the coordination mechanisms to explain the way that they influence and improve the working process in Mitsubishi. Bureaucratic Organization Purpose The particular organization chosen for the assignment is Mitsubishi. The company is known as one of the largest conglomerates in Japan. There is the term “zaibatsu” that is used to describe Japanese companies that had the most significant influence on the economic development of the country until the middle of the twentieth century. Thus, Mitsubishi is regarded as the first zaibatsu that appeared in the country. The number of employees working in the organization exceeds three hundred thousand people, and the conglomerate has more than ten affiliate companies that are headquartered in different parts of Japan. As for the main tasks performed by the organization, it needs to be said that it provides a range of products and services related to different fields of activity. Considering that there are a great number of organizations that belong to the discussed conglomerate, its tasks are extremely diversified. For instance, companies owned by Mitsubishi provide financial services, glass products, aluminum products, data storage devices, rechargeable batteries, headphones, vehicles and replacement parts, real estate services, chemical industrial equipment, and photo
Executive Summary This report is on an interview I did with the Personal Property Auditor of the City of Francisco. We had a discussion on his professional and personal life and what motivates him. This interview describes the auditor’s personality and background. It was done on October 10, 2012, at his office in San Francisco. The people who work with him describe him as exuberant and intelligent. His zeal and commitment to work has made it possible for the city to collect its highest tax revenues in a decade. He reveals more about his career in this candid interview. Introduction He starts by informing me what made him opt for accounting as his career. He reveals that he has always been interested in financial reports. He argues that these reports make it possible for the management of a firm to plan for the future and monitor performance. He says a career in accounting offers lucrative growth opportunities even in times of recessions. Main Body He reveals that, after attaining a bachelor’s degree in accounting, he worked for Wells Fargo in its foreign exchange department. He later became an AR Coordinator at Moscone Center before he left and later became a public accountant. He has worked in various industries in the country as an auditor before getting employed by the City of San Francisco. He has served both private and public clients in different industries. He cites the independence with which he is able to perform his duties as one thing he likes most about his job. He seems to like the freedom that comes with his current position because he is able to set his own work schedules. He says that he likes working at his own pace because this helps him manage his workload better. He says meeting rude taxpayers who come to his office once in a while is the least favorite aspect of his job. He finds fault with them because they do not respect their civic duty to pay taxes. He says this has been a blessing in disguise to him because he has learnt better ways of solving problems. He insists that his employer has the required legal authority to collect taxes from taxpayers. The auditor reveals that most taxpayers who visit his office are polite and understanding. He reveals that, while studying to become an accountant, he did not expect that he would be writing a lot of reports in his career. He has had to deal with it because he submits weekly audit reports as well as work progress reports to the management from time to time. He says his typical day starts at 6.45 am when he wakes up and arrives at work by 8.00 am. His principal discusses with him work related issues that happened the previous week. The rest of the day is spent serving taxpayers or compiling audit reports in his of
Indefinite integrals The most important characteristic of calculus is the relationship between the concepts of derivative and integral. The relationship is summarized by simply saying that integration is the opposite of differentiation. The relationship is synonymous with subtraction and addition which we know serves to undo each other or division and multiplication which work on the reverse principle. Essentially, differentiation is a process that is developed from an original function say f, and the new function or the derivative is f’. The previous discussion calls us to ask ourselves that if we are given the derivative function f’, will it be possible to find the original function? As noted, indefinite integration is simply the opposite of differentiation and is sometimes referred to as anti-differentiation (Dadkhah, 2010). If an indefinite integral function is F and given a certain function f, the function F or the integral is determined such that F’ equals the original function f (Dadkhah, 2010). Indefinite integration is essential in calculus. It is a technique used to find the distance traveled by projectiles, electrical and physical equations or the area under a curve. For instance, the equation of instantaneous current through a capacitor is i =CdV/dT where I is the instantaneous current; t is time; V is voltage and C is the capacitance. The unknown voltage can be determined through integrating the function at time t. Going back to the question, F is the anti-derivative of f on a certain interval l if F’(x) = f(x). F is also known as an anti-differential of f(x) dx on l. The process of obtaining anti-derivatives is what we call integration. The indefinite integral of f(x) on the interval l is a set of all integrals of f(x) on interval l and is denoted as This means that it is a set of all functions of F whose values satisfy the equation F’(X) = f(x). Example: Determine a function that can be differentiated to attain the function below. F(x) = x 3 + 4x – 6 Solution: We can begin by differentiating this function in order to have a clue on how to find the actual solution. The differentiated equation will be: F’(x) = 3x 2 + 4. This step reminds us of how to find derivatives. To differentiate the powers of x, the rule is to multiply the expression by the power and reduce the power by one. Going back to the example, we can begin with the first expression x 3 . The term x 3 must have been attained by differentiating an equation and since we reduce the power by one, t it seems that the differentiated term was x 4 . But the derivative of x 4 would have been 4 x 3 and there is no 4 in our first term. Therefore, this 4 must cancel out to have the correct derivative. It seems tha
A policy brief is a concise explanation of a particular issue. The brief policy aims at government policymakers or interested parties who shape or influence policy. A policy brief provides adequate background for the reader to comprehend the problem and persuade them to handle it immediately. It identifies the most effective solutions to the problem and gives data to back them up. The policy brief encourages the reader to make the best decision possible.A good policy brief should be concise and focused on meanings rather than procedures. The policy brief should concentrate on a single issue or concern and give enough evidence from multiple sources (“2022 NACo Legislative Conference Livestreams”, 2022). Policy Briefs on the State, Local and Federal Issue 1st policy brief Escalating Food Prices – A national crisis Action to be taken to eliminate poverty and hunger Escalating food prices pose a problem to the poor, government of low-income countries with high import bills, and aids agencies managing increased demand for cash and food. The poor are unable to buy food. Low-income countries face political unrest. The problem emanates from a lack of better investment in the food industry and poor management of the national food supply (Lubell, 2021). What happens and why? Initially, food prices were affordable since the farmers and the government had invested a lot in the agriculture industry. Since 2000, food prices have started escalating due to the increased cost of fertilizers, farm machinery, and chemicals. An increase in food prices was due to increments in fuels prices. Impact on the poor, low-income counties and farming industries The poor spend most of their income on food; hence escalating food prices contribute to high expenditure, which is not manageable. The higher food prices contribute to higher transport costs that affect farmers’ income. The low-income countries face pressure from the bills, leading to low economic development and growth (Lubell, 2021). Policy recommendation Urgent action is required to eliminate distress that emanates from escalating food prices, and more resources are needed to support WEP and assist developing countries with higher import bills. Relevant policies are required to help farmers produce more food. Conclusion The correct measure is needed to control the food prices and promote economic growth. The government must regulate the oil prices to enable farmers and the agriculture industry to reduce their income-expenditure hence low food prices. 2 nd policy brief Natural resources: climate change challenge The change of climate has occurred recently in the countries that cannot handle the change. The developing countries are the most affected because they depend on natural resources. The countries face global warming due to industrialization. Effective management of the natural resources leads to climate and suitable development. Soil erosion Most of the lands are affected by soil erosion due to cutting down the trees and poor management of the environment, like poor cultivating and g
Introduction It is worth noting that within the setting of the contemporary market economy, high competition in the labor market is a typical phenomenon. A common belief exists, which claims that people with higher education have the opportunity to earn and achieve more than those without it (Shabani Mligo & Omanga Otieno, 2018). Education has always been one of the most significant parts of public policy since the future of the country depends on it to a significant degree; for this reason, educational initiatives are constantly being improved. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of education and analyze the current educational environment in Tanzania. Importance of Education Experts in various fields argue that education plays a key role in human life. It affects not only the choice and building of a career but also the general course of life. Education allows a person to be a sought-after and professional specialist in their field of activity or makes it possible to function in new industries (Shabani Mligo & Omanga Otieno, 2018). However, in addition to this, education should develop in a person the ability to believe in themselves. It should help them achieve goals and assist in developing a realistic worldview through the ability to evaluate different situations and circumstances critically. It is crucial to note that commitment to life-long learning is the key to the success of a person in any area of their interest. Most industries are developing rapidly and continuously, and people need to stay abreast of changes. Apart from that, education implies the acquaintance and study of different cultures through reading literature and other activities. One may argue that self-education is more important than education received at school and high school; however, it serves as a foundation based on which every individual can determine their own path for self-education. It is also worth noting that education forms a person’s identity and qualities, such as self-discipline, determination, tolerance, sociability, craving for new sources of information, and much more (Shabani Mligo & Omanga Otieno, 2018). Accordingly, the developed qualities can help a person to adapt to the social environment, speak freely and openly on various topics and problems, express their thoughts and point of view better and find like-minded people. Needless to say, education is one of the instruments that help people form critical thinking skills, which can be applied to various aspects of living. Tanzania The United Republic of Tanzania is a country consisting of 30 regions and bordering states such as Uganda, Malawi, and so on. More than 90% of the population are Bantu peoples, representatives of more than 130 ethnic groups and tribes (Rwegoshora, 2016). Immigrants from India and Pakistan, as well as descendants of Arabs, also live in the country. The nati
Managers have a responsibility of distinguishing the behaviors that should be encouraged from those that should be discouraged to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Shahan and Cunningham 405). Managers can use several strategies to reinforce behaviors including positive and negative reinforcement, as well as punishment and extinction. Reinforcement theory provides a combination of rewards and punishments that can strengthen preferred behavior or end unwanted behavior (Shahan and Cunningham 408). This essay uses the reinforcement theory of motivation to discuss how the four strategies are applicable and evaluate the strategies that are can help to reinforce desired behavior positively. Positive and Negative Reinforcement strategies Positive and negative reinforcement contributes to increased likelihood of learning and repeating a particular behavior. Positive reinforcement happens when the occurrence of a treasured behavioral outcome is capable of raising the probability of the behavior being repeated (Hinkin and Schriesheim 991). For example, managers can use positive reinforcements such as incentive programs that may be in the form of commissions or bonuses to reward good performance. Hence, increasing the likelihood of employees putting more efforts to improve performance in the future. Negative reinforcement strategies are employed by sustaining a behavioral consequence that is undesirable, increasing the possibility of the behavior to recur. Managers can administer a negative reinforcement such as a resolution not to reassign well-performing sales persons within a given territory to a sales route that does not produce desirable results. Such a decision will make the sales people continue improving their performance in the future (Hinkin and Schriesheim 992). Punishment and Extinction Strategies Punishment and extinction are the other two strategies that attempt to reduce the chances of particular behaviors being displayed and promoting desirable behaviors. Punishment involves administering an undesirable behavioral consequence ensuring that unwanted behaviors do not occur in employees. This strategy is only recommended if positive and negative reinforcements are no longer applicable (Shahan and Cunningham 409). An example of how managers can apply this approach is the demotion of workers who fail to meet their performance goals or suspension of staff members who violate set rules in the workplace. Extinction strategy serves the same purpose with punishment since it attempts to minimize employees’ unwanted behaviors. The extinction process starts with the maintenance of a valued behavioral consequence with the objective of reducing the chances of the learned behavior from occurring again. Over time, the behavior is likely to end. The strategy can also lead to the reduction
Introduction Information and Communication Technology is a broad term that describes the technology born out of the union between telecommunications and computers. The technology in question spans everything from the radio to social networks. It has proved to be one of the most important inventions of the XX century. The use of this technology for uplifting less developed communities through economic and social development has been dubbed ICT4D, or “Information and Communication Technology for Development,” after the adoption of Millennium Development Goals. Main body ICT4D has been supported for many reasons, and many arguments have been made for its use. Human civilization runs on information, and ensuring equal and unrestricted access to information for all nations creates a more balanced playing field in the global arena. The economic development that comes as a direct result of the free circulation of information helps people rise out of poverty and create wealth for their local communities. The social injustices can be addressed as people become more knowledgeable and connected. Finally, some people see the advent of the Internet as the next step of human evolution, and everyone should get to evolve. In this day and age, there are still people that live in abject poverty, with no access to knowledge, healthcare, sanitation, gainful employment, and meaningful
“ The Game Changers ,” a documentary directed by James Cameron, follows a group of elite vegan athletes as they train for and compete in major sporting events. Aside from being pushed to their limits, vegetarianism and meat consumption are the points of interest throughout the film. Foods containing meat, even lean meats such as chicken and fish, are widely regarded as harmful to one’s health. Additionally, the documentary investigates research findings into the possible health benefits of vegetarianism. Regarding cardiovascular health, inflammation reduction, cancer risk reduction, and physical performance, vegetarian diets outperform their omnivorous counterparts, among other health measures. Even though the documentary presents an inaccurate picture of veganism, its primary goal was most likely to persuade non-vegans to give it a try for the very first time. In their reviews, film critics have expressed dissatisfaction with the documentary’s single-minded focus on one side and its use of controversial sources. Whether athletes can achieve better performance on plant-based diets or achieve the same results on animal-based diets is the subject of this documentary film. The documentary follows James Wilks, a former mixed martial arts fighter, transitioning from a meat-based diet to a vegetarian diet. Wilks attempts to read and analyze nutrition as much as possible following his injury to accelerate his recovery. According to a long-held belief, people who consumed animal products were thought to be more robust and more intelligent. He decided to eat a lot of meat to win fights and build muscles. As a result of his injury, he spends his spare time researching the various options available to him for a speedy recovery from his condition. As a result of his investigation, he discovered that the Roman gladiators’ diet consisted primarily of plant-based foods (The Game Changers, 0:05:40-0:06:47). Wilks is taken aback by the revelation because gladiators are solid and masculine creatures, and he finds it challenging to comprehend how they could be vegan. His interest in plant-based diets has prompted him to read more academic articles on the topic. According to popular belief, Dr. James Loomis, interviewed for the documentary, claims that athletes do not use energy gained from protein consumption. Later in the film, he explains that carbohydrates in glycogen provide energy to most athletes who participate in sports. He details how glycogen depletes when carbohydrates get replaced with protein calories (The Game Changers, 0:10:22-0:11:01). Studies have shown that glycogen depletion can impair athletic perf