ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Executive summary Cards and gifts industry is always growing. We are always receiving gifts and we give these gifts in turn. In all special occasions, people must give and receive gifts. Cards will always be in demand and as population grows around the world, the demand for the same grows. People give out cards and other gifts during birthdays, graduation ceremonies, for good luck wishes for those doing exams, during weddings and major holidays in the year. That is why we invented special type of cards, which will serve the needs of the consumers. When people go to buy cards they find it hard to choose cards because of some few factors. Some do not have the background pictures they would want to have. Some may not have the words they may wish to tell their friends, relatives, and colleagues. This project is out to design cards according to the customer’s description. The project will move so close to the customer that one would order for cards from their homes while chatting and watching television. Finished products will be available at customers’ nearest market center. Introduction Cards are always in demand, so it is a worthy business venture for anyone that pursues it. We have many holidays all around the world. Festive seasons are always recurring. In that view, we have decided to come up with a special type of card service. This product’s design has the aim of fitting the customer’s needs completely. Product description The cards will not be made until a customer requests. The customer is required to make a special request with specifications that are best suited to him or her. The specifications are the wordings, the general calligraphic design, and the background of the card. The background of the card refers to the paper texture and its general layout, for example a portrait, a landscape or the size. The major categories are cards containing nature pictures, pictures of manmade features, and the third category is the picture supplied by the customer directly. Several subdivisions will be assigned according to the specific pictures and drawings that will be available on the company’s database. The products are exclusively cards that are made to suit the customer’s requirements. The customer will be required to make an order of the cards he or she wants, and at the same time pay 75% of the whole price of the finished card. The 25% is then completed on collection day. The orders either are made to our customer care representatives at various regions of the country or can be done online through website. The website is to set up alongside other physical amenities. The main printing center will be at our company headquarters. The company may decentralize printing centers to reduce transportation costs. The customer will
Introduction In Gregory D. Booth’s book, Behind the Curtain: Making Music in Mumbai Film Studios the author approached Bollywood – the film industry in India from the perspective of music and the people involved in making such music for films. Covering what is called the golden are of Bollywood, which takes place from the late 1940s to the early 1980s, Booth relied on ethnography as the main tool for collecting and presenting information in the book. In that regard, the present paper will attempt to analyze ethnography in the context of Booth’s book, addressing the way such method of research provided a better understanding of the society and the way music impacted such society. Ethnography Ethnography can be defined as a description and interpretation of culture (Bresler 3). The researcher in ethnography research aims to recreate “the shared beliefs, practices, artifacts, knowledge, and behaviors of some groups of people” (3). Such method of research is qualitative, rather than quantitative, and thus, the researcher does not search for causality between the different elements of the investigated culture, and such causality does not exist in culture. Instead, the researcher aims to describe the context in which the processes of culture take place. Such description is acquired from collecting the personal accounts of people who directly belong to the investigated group or personal observations of the participants. The relevance of such a method of research to the field of music can be seen by putting the music and/or its elements as the context. Such elements might include the musicians, their status their role in the society, the nature of the interactions occurring, etc. Additionally, musical communities are rich and diverse, and “the multifaceted layers of teachers’ professional knowledge landscapes, as well as their innumerable intersections and overlaps, provide territory ripe for ethnographic and narrative explorations and thick descriptions” (Stauffer and Robbins 85). Ethnography in Behind the Curtain The ethnography in Behind the Curtain is about Hindi film music. Taking the specific golden era in question as the main focus of the book, Booth attempts to recreate the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of the music community involved in such industry. The narratives are taken from the oral history of the direct participants of the industry, through interviews. The author acts as the narrator, who provides the scholarly significance to the study, and relates the findings to the previous knowledge of other scholars of Indian music and various ethnomusicologists. The participants in that regard include musicians, composers, arrangers, engineers, and other people, who are largely “behind the curtain”, and combined with star singers form the culture of Hindi music cinema (Booth 17). The author is neutral in his narration and presentation of materials. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the bias that can be present in the book, if existent, is essentially driven by the desire of the author to underline the injustice of the Hindi film music industry in which the direct contributors remained unknown to the public. As quoted in the bo
Introduction One company that can be said to have changed the automobile industry is Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). Since its establishment in the year 1937, Toyota Motor Corporation has evolved to become one of the best car selling companies in the world. At the same time, Toyota is estimated to provide employment opportunities to about 317,000 people at the moment, working as dedicated employees of the company. Major activities of Toyota Company started after the Second World War, when the company started to design and manufacture automobiles in large number. The history of Toyota Company is associated with Kiichiro Toyoda who was an excellent inventor and established Toyoda Automatic Loom Company that largely relied on his prolific designs (Toyoland, n.d). As part to generate more capital resources, the company Kiichiro Toyoda licensed part of the designs to the British and the generated money was used to establish Toyota Motor Company, an idea that received government’s support due to its military applications (Toyoland, n.d). Before the establishment of the company, Japanese armies relied on imported trucks, and as a result of d
Introduction to the Project Capnography is recommended by the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines because it provides information about a patient’s condition. Nevertheless, research indicates that many nurses demonstrate uncertainty when using this method to monitor patients’ end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) levels because they lack knowledge about capnography (Lin et al., 2017; Novais & Moreira, 2015; Pantazopoulos et al., 2015). Poor nurse knowledge about capnography is thus the primary practice problem that the project will aim to address. Improving nurses’ experience with capnography is vital because it would assist in increasing the quality of care. Capnography enhances patient information gathering during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Hamrick et al., 2017; Heradstveit & Heltne, 2014; Kodali & Urman, 2014). The rationale for the project lies in its potential beneficial effects on nurse knowledge and its consequences for patients. Chapter 1 of the proposal contains critical information about the project and the selected practice problem. In particular, it details the background of the project, its purpose, and significance and explains the research problem in more detail to determine the appropriate clinical questions. The chapter also presents information regarding project design, such as methodology, organization, assumptions, limitations, and delimitations. These details can be used to enhance awareness about the project and its course. Background of the Project Cardiac arrest poses a significant threat to patients in coronary care units since it may lead to the patient’s death. As a result, the techniques used to improve the outcomes of patients during cardiac arrests have been widely studied in the literature (Edelson et al., 2014; Mader, Coute, Kellogg, & Harrism, 2014). Capnography has been developed as a measurement tool for monitoring coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and coronary blood flow. Based on changes to ETCO2 levels, this technique helps to predict new cardiac problems impacting the patient’s condition (Kiekkas, Stefanopoulos, Konstantinou, Bakalis, & Aretha, 2016; Lui, Poon, & Tsui, 2016; Sheak et al., 2015; Venkatesh & Keating, 2017). Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of capnography in patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, hypoventilation, severe hypothermia, and metabolic changes (Cereceda-Sánchez & Molina-Mula, 2017; Chhajed et al., 2016; Darocha et al., 2017). However, the widespread implementation of capnography and practice improvement has been hindered by care providers’ uncertainty and reduced awareness. According to Dioso (2014) and Duckworth (2017), nurses working with cardiac patients are required to understand the technique of ETCO2 monitoring to be able to apply it correctly. The knowledge of resuscitation techniques also impacts nurses’ professionalism and readiness to intervene (Bullock, Dodington, Donoghue, & Langhan, 2017). Henc
Need to know what the Hart-Devlin debate is? Look no further! This essay makes Hart and Devlin debate summary and describes this discussion about law and morality enforcement. Introduction Morality can be defined as a set of rules or principles that guide the process of making decisions and behavior in society. It also includes principles that define what is acceptable and unacceptable in society. On the other hand, law refers to principles that augment and maintain the morality code in society. The issue of law and morality is a complex matter that has been widely discussed in various fields including religion, law, and psychology. Many debates have discussed the relationship between morality and law. For instance, the Hart and Devlin debate tried to determine this relationship. Each of the two took a different side in an effort to establish the role that should be played by law with regard to morality. However, their views and suggestions contradicted each other and did present an agreement. The two represent two schools of thought regarding the matter. The Wolfenden Committee investigated the critical issue of allowing homosexuality and prostitution in society. The report of the committee stated that it is not the responsibility of law to solve immorality. The Hart-Devlin debate was an attempt to contribute to the findings of the Wolfenden committee. The debate was between Professor Hart and Patrick Devlin. The argument was that homosexuality should be made legal because of the freedom of choice and the privacy of morality. The recommendations of the committee emanated from the principles of utilitarianism. The law is not supposed to interfere with the lives of people as a way of influencing behavior. This paper will try to solve the controversy by defending Devlin’s arguments. In addition, it will try to demonstrate the flaws present in Hart’s arguments. Homosexuality and prostitution will be discussed as examples of common immoral conduct, and explain why they should be criminalized by discussing their effects on individuals and society. Finally, the paper will use the theory of utilitarianism and the principle of harm to support certain arguments. Hart Devlin Debate Summary Devlin argued that it is important to establish laws that control morality because law not only protects individuals but also the society (Ward 26). To Devlin, morality is a requisite for maintenance of good laws that preserve the freedom of conscience, and reduce the probability of tyranny. In addition, he argued that any behavior is capable of causing harm if not regulated by law (Ward 26). He was of the view that law should be superior to morality and thus control behavior. On the contrary, Hart argued that law should not adhere to the principles of populism. According to Devlin, the majority is not always right. Their ideas and principles
Introduction Armed conflicts have been an integral part of human civilization from historical times and they continue to characterize human society even today. A common reality with all armed conflicts is that they result in the killing of people and the destruction of property. Even so, conflicts in the 21 st century are unique in that the warring parties are obliged to follow some rules of engagement and to respect human rights. In armed conflicts, the combatants are expected to take appropriate care to ensure that the risk posed to non-combatants is minimized. Lethal force is supposed to be directed at legitimate military targets and the use of force against civilians is seen as unlawful. However, not all armed groups respect these principles and some of them engage in gross violations of human rights. A good example of this is the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) which is a rebel group that operates in Northern Uganda. The LRA rebels under the command of Joseph Kony have sown devastation and death throughout Uganda’s northernmost district for over 20 years. This rebel outfit was formed as a result of the political and ethnic divisions between the north and the south of Uganda. This paper will set out to demonstrate that the actions of Joseph Kony, the LRA leader, constitute gross human rights violations. The paper will begin by providing a brief overview of the theoretical framework of human rights in armed conflicts as well as a historical overview of the LRA rebel group. An elaborate discussion of the various crimes committed by the LRA will then be undertaken. Theoretical Framework: Human Rights in Armed Conflicts The issue of human rights law in armed conflicts has continued to be debated by many scholars over the past few decades. The debate has mostly been centered upon the question “do human rights laws continue to apply once we enter the realm of armed conflict? 1 ” By their very nature, armed conflicts result in death and suffering by the people involved in the war. Victories are in most cases achieved by one party being able to overwhelm its opponent through military force which may make the issue of human rights seem paradoxical. To further complicate the issue; most internal armed conflicts are prompted by human rights abuses against certain groups. O’Flaherty notes that most conflicts are initiated by human rights abuses such as the oppression of minority groups in a country 2 . In such scenarios, human rights abuses are already present at the onset of the conflict and the conflict only serves to escalate the violations. In armed conflicts, there are some internationally sanctioned rules which must be followed by the conflicting parties. The Geneva Convention asserts that as a minimum, “personals taking no active part in hostilities should be treated humanely” 3 . While a combatant can lawfully target another co
Introduction Understanding one’s purpose in life is not an easy matter. There are many people who only get some insight into the essence of their existence at the end of their lives. For Tom Shadyac, the creator of the I Am documentary, such perception arrived when he was at his worst period in life. The man suffered from a severe mental illness, and at the moment he thought he was about to die, he decided to share something with the world. Shadyac wanted to tell everyone what he had come to know: that the world was a lie, and the activities which he had always considered to be improving it were, in fact, destroying it. That awareness made Shadyac want to discover what was wrong with the world. Ultimately, through the creation of the documentary, he learned what was right about it. In Shadyac’s movie, three crucial themes are discussed: separation, consumerism, and love. Separation The first topic touched upon by Shadyac’s interviewees is separation. The director shows interviews with several people talking about the problems of the modern world. All of them, including Shadyac, agree that some of the greatest challenges people face are “working in mechanistic ways” and basing everything on “the idea of separation” ( I Am ). Since childhood, individuals are taught that they should compete with others and strive to be better and faster than their peers. Shadyac shows his numerous school prizes as well as awards for his work as a director. He realizes that he used to be a part of the system. Separation is born of competition, which is cultivated everywhere on a daily basis ( I Am ). Individuals do not feel fun when playing a game and not winning over anyone. The desire to be richer or more successful than others overwhelms many people. Unfortunately, such an idea makes them feel dissatisfied no matter what they do. Gradually, one forgets about friendship and becomes the only subject of one’s thoughts ( I Am ). The desire to become better than others may be fulfilled or not. In any case, one feels lonely and rarely is happy ( I Am ). Thus, Shadyac’s interviewees explain that human independence and separation are harmful. To make the world to be a better place, everyone should work collectively and be friendly. Consumerism The second important theme raised in I Am is the issue of consumerism. People tend to buy many things without thinking of how they will utilize them. In I Am , many of such inconsiderate purchases are depicted. One of the speakers even mentions that “our job is not to be a citizen but a consumer” ( I Am ). Shadyac tries to explain another major mistake that too many people make. Particularly, there is an erroneous opinion that the more one has, the happier one should be. However, Shadyac shows that such a belief is not true. As an example, the director describes how he bought his first Beverly Hills house. While he had expected that his life would change instantly, nothing happened: the purchase did not make him happier “at all” ( I Am ). T
When deciding whether to invest in a business, a prospective investor must consider multiple factors concerning the company’s financial performance and strategic development. While companies tend to present their best performance ratios and indicators in their newsletters and press releases, the financial reports provide a more vivid and realistic picture. Fever-Tree’s investment ratios, financial statement and annual report demonstrate how the company evolves and what investors might expect from their shares in this company. When considering the perspectives of investment, an investor analyses how risk and benefit relate, what time is needed to obtain rewards, and how the goals of the company integrate with the goals of the investor. As the investment ratios for Fe
Introduction Cyberbullying refers to the unethical use of information technology with the sole aim of harassing, embarrassing, and intimidating people. According to laws of the United States, cyberbullying includes publication of humiliating news or stories about specific individuals with the aim of hurting them or posting stories and rumors about certain individuals in order to elicit hatred from other internet users (Cappadocia, Craig, and Pepler 2011). In contemporary society, cyberbullying is a common phenomenon among young people because of the increase in the rate of internet use. On the other hand, awareness about the adverse effects of cyberbullying has increased. Young people are aware of its risks, dangers, and legal implications. It is common in social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Different forms of cyberbullying include harassment, insults, social exclusion, defamation, physical threats, and humiliation through e-mails, text-messages, and pictures (Cappadocia et al. 2011). Cyberbullying has negative effects on young people because it propagates hatred, lowers the self-esteem of victims, encourages anti-social behaviors, causes emotional damage, and lowers academic performance Prevalence and severity of cyberbullying Cyberbullying is very common among young people. It is easy to execute because many young people have online profiles in major social networks that contain vital information (Ryan and Curwen 2010). Therefore, it is easy to obtain their contact details. Chat rooms and instant messaging services are the main platforms used to bully unsuspecting people. A report released by psychologists from UCLA revealed that about 75 percent of young people are bullied online (Ryan and Curwen 2010). On the other hand, 85 percent cyberbullying victims were also bullied in school. In certain instances, online bullying increases the likelihood of bullying at school. Cyber stalking is one of the most common forms of bullying that involves the use of e-mails and text messages. Young people prefer these methods because they can hide their identities successfully (Cappadocia et al. 2011). People are allowed to use decoy names when creating online profiles. This makes it difficult to trace the location and identity of individuals involved. Cyberbullying is common because young people have access to the internet. In addition, the cost of browsing and sending text messages is low. Propagation of hatred One of the negative effects of cyberbullying is the propagation of hatred and negative attitudes towards certain individuals. Attacks are usually aimed at harassing, intimidating, or embarrassing victims (Ryan and Curwen 2010). It is difficult to establish whether certain information posed about certain individuals is