ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Cinema obviously has a complete arsenal of funds from all kinds of art. Cinema is total art in the most literal sense of the word. It synthesis two incompatible creative paradigms: temporal and spatial. Moreover, the cinema can give dynamics and tempo-rhythm to static images, each of which is a visual object. On the other hand, it is possible to fix on a film a temporal creative phenomenon, music or a poem, through an emotionally or compositionally static mise en scene. The history of the cinema is filled with the works of many directors, but only a few of them can be ranked among the geniuses of this kind of art, like David Lynch. The director and Buddhist, whose work “Mulholland Drive” deserves to be the object for review due to the symbolism and dreams transference used in it. The director’s climbing started at Lost Highway and led him first to the heights of Mulholland Drive, and then to the heavenly gates of the Inner Empire. David Lynch transferred the visions of dreams, fears and subconscious desires of the characters with the authenticity of the animalist. He portrayed the isolation of any sequence of events and their internal para – logical connection, the following of which can lead an attentive and persistent viewer from the temporal to the mythical and metaphysical realm to the area of original author’s idea (Bradley 182). History of the Movie Creation Conceived as a television series, Mulholland Drive, in the beginning, was a two-hour pilot release. Lynch sold the idea to ABC producers about how Rita turns out to be the only survivor of a car crash with a handbag containing $ 125,000 in cash and a mysterious blue key, and about Batty trying to help her find out who she is. The story contains real and surreal elements, as well as the earlier Lynch series Twin Peaks (Stivers). The story’s narrative is based on story arches, such as the riddle of Rita’s personality, Batty’s career, and the Adam Kesher’s film project. Lynch chose Naomi Watts and Laura Helen Harring from their photos. Then he invited everyone for a half-hour interview. Lynch described Watts’ choice: “I saw a person with an enormous talent and a beautiful soul, intelligent with the ability to play many different roles, it was a perfect set.” Justin Theroux met Lynch immediately from the plane. After a long flight almost without sleep, Teru came dressed all in black with tangled hair. Lynch liked this image, and therefore in the film, Adam is dressed in a similar manner and has the same hairstyle. The filming of the pilot release began in Los Angeles in February 1999 and lasted six weeks. Eventually, TV company did not like it, and they decided to abandon its continuation. The reasons were the non-linearity of the narrative, the age of Watts and Harring (who were considered too old), the character Ann Miller smoki
Changes in Living Circumstances for the Aged in Saudi Arabia: Can Occupational Therapy Make a Difference? Population aging is one of the most severe challenges the world has faced. Saudi Arabia is no exception to the general rule. As of the end of 2015, people over 60 years old made up around 5 percent of the overall Saudi population. In addition, those aged 80 and more were around 1 percent of the total population of the country. More than that, there are projections that point that this figure is to continue increasing, reaching almost a quarter of the Saudi population by 2050 (Abusaaq, 2015). There are several causes of such spectacular growth. Improvement of the country’s economic development, stable rates of economic growth, better health care services are just a few of them (Abusaaq, 2015). Altogether, they increase life expectancy, thus making the problem of aging even more significant. It is critical to note that there is a connection between population aging and the provision of health care services. As the number of the elderly is constantly growing, there is an increasing need for delivering professional care to them. In most cases, they require specific attention and a lot of time to spend in order to satisfy their needs. The issue is even more challenging in case of disabilities or partial immobility of an aged person. In this way, it is crucial to develop an effective system of occupational therapy for the elderly. However, the problem with achieving this objective lies in the specificities of the Saudi worldview and apprehension of growing old. Therefore, the objective of the given paper is to investigate the current system of occupational therapy operations in Saudi Arabia and identify the gaps to fill. The idea for reaching it is to compare the existing system with that of Australia and recommend particular changes that would benefit the elderly and help them to adapt to the changing living circumstances as well as satisfy their needs. Problem Statement Occupational therapy is a common practice in most developed countries due to its effectiveness in providing care to the elderly. In most cases, it involves either receiving care at specially designed and operating nursing homes or reorganizing an individual’s home to satisfy their particular needs. In addition, the practice is in a common connection with either nurses (visiting or those working in nursing homes) or unprofessional care of family members or specially hired people. In the case of Saudi Arabia, there is a conflict of worldview and comfort of the elderly and their family members because younger family members are responsible for their older relatives. It means that there is an established tradition of getting old at home, and leaving for a nursing home is unacceptable. I
Cerebral palsy is one of the most common and severe motor disabilities of childhood, since, in most cases, it makes children unable to care about themselves independently in adulthood. At the same time, CP has virtually no treatment because the aetiology of this disease is complex and understudied, although some measures can prevent the development of the disease. Korzeniewski et al. in “The complex aetiology of cerebral palsy” examines the aetiology of cerebral palsy, the possibility of its early diagnosis and prevention to highlight the features of CP, and directions for future research. The authors begin their research by analyzing cerebral palsy prevalence. Korzeniewski et al. (2018) notice that while a few high-income countries report reductions in morbidity, there is also an opposite tendency in other countries. However, the change in prevalence can be associated with both a higher survival rate of preterm infants and the use of preventing measures against the development of neurological diseases (Korzeniewski et al., 2018). For a review of the main etiological factors, the authors discuss physical trauma and birth asphyxia as the leading cause of CP. Nevertheless, Korzeniewski et al. (2018) conclude that the data are insufficient to argue that birth complications are central to PC emergence. The authors also consider such possible causes of CP as gestational age, preconception, multiple childbirth, maternal pre-eclampsia, infections, kernicterus, and perinatal stroke. Korzeniewski et al. (2018) provide various arguments and statistics that confirm the connection between some factors, for example, maternal pre-eclampsia and CP, but note that the complexity of the aetiology does not allow making accurate and absolute conclusions (Korzeniewski et. al, 2018). Thus, determining the causes of CP requires a more profound and large-scale study. In the second part, the authors analyze the available methods for the early diagnosis and CP prevention. The main finding of early prevention analysis is that the optimal age for diagnosing is controversial. While some studies demonstrate that the first signs can be found in the first weeks or years of a child’s life, others show that many children “outgrow” motor problems ( Korzeniewski et al., 2018). However, the authors review several effective and promising CP prevention treatments that are already being used by clinicians or are being investigated. Applying magnesium sulfate to treat maternal pre-eclampsia and lowering the newborn’s body and head temperature by 2 ° C for 48 hours show efficacy in clinical use. Simultaneously, caffeine, melatonin, erythropoietin treatments, and stem cell therapies also have a positive impact, but their effects are still being studied (Korzeniewski et al., 2018). In conclusion, the authors describe the complexity of CP’s epidemiology and suggest further research to investigate its etiology but focus on standardized data collection and current and archived biological samples. This approach will allow scientists to systematize knowledge and f
Overview of Stroke and Disability The World Health Organization (WHO) defines stroke as, “rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (at times global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin” (WHO 1989). Stroke is characterized by an interruption of the blood supply to the brain (ischemia) or hemorrhage in the brain tissue, commonly involving a disruption in the motor and sensory pathways. Clinical manifestations include impaired motor control that can be characterized by muscle weakness, altered muscle tone, and abnormal movement patterns. These impairments limit the ability of the patient to perform functional activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, and self-care (Shelley & Brouwer, 1997). In Britain, the incidence of stroke is 200 per 100,000 people per year, with three-quarters of first strokes occurring among people aged 65 years and above (Davidson & Waters, 2000). ). Approximately 500,000 Americans experience a stroke each year, and of this number 350,000 will survive. Even though the number of stroke patients is decreasing, their proportion in the population appears to be rising. This is related to the increase in the number of stroke survival patients and the growth of the elderly population (Duncan 1994). The manifestations of the consequences of stroke in the surviving patients, whereby their functional abilities are severely impaired, bring into the picture the requirement of rehabilitation of these patients. It is in the rehabilitation of these surviving stroke patients that physiotherapy has a major role to play (Davidson & Waters, 2000). The objective of this paper is to present the Bobath concept as a part of the rehabilitation of stroke assessment and to critically evaluate its effectiveness. The Bobath Concept The Bobath concept was first established in the late 1940s. It is a concept based on the work of Berta and Karel Bobath, which offers therapists working in the field of neurological rehabilitation a framework for their clinical interventions. The Bobath concept views the functional disabilities of a stroke victim as a problem, that requires a solution, and hence the approach in the Bobath concept is a problem-solving approach (IBITA, 2006). In the words of Bobath, 1981, the concept is essential “… A whole new way of thinking, observing, interpreting what the patient is doing, then adjusting what we do in the way of techniques, to see and feel what is necessary, possible for them to achieve. We do not teach movements, we make them possible” (Mayston, 2000). The Bobath concept thus attempts to modify the traditional thinking on
Introduction Providing healthcare services entails dealing with relationships between people and therefore involves a wide range of ethical dilemmas. Ethical issues surrounding the practice of post-mortem organ donation are among the key problems at the confluence of healthcare and ethics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethical dilemma presented by Angelo and Lefler (2016). The source presents the case of an unidentified individual whose brain death has been documented at the hospital. To provide a thorough discussion of the ethical issues, this paper presents the chosen case, identifies the dilemma, applies the theory of utilitarianism to it, and presents my opinion. The Case and Ethical Dilemma in It Ethical issues related to organ donation after cardiac or brain death become extremely significant when it comes to cases that involve patients whose identity cannot be established. The article by Angelo and Lefler (2016) discusses the case of an elderly African American woman who was found in a state of insensibility. The patient turned out to have suffered an ischemic stroke and cerebral edema, and she died despite the efforts of emergency doctors. Local police used different methods to ascertain her identity, but all attempts were unsuccessful. When the patient’s brain death was confirmed, the information was reported to an organ procurement organization. Taking into account the absence of official decision-makers such as the patient’s relatives, the hospital administrator was expected to sign the document, stating that there was no evidence proving that the patient would argue against becoming a donor. As follows from the facts of the case, the power imbalance is an issue here since the deceased patient is deprived of decision-making power. With the phrase “ethical dilemmas,” specialists in different fields mean various problems related to decision-making processes that involve two potential solutions that are both acceptable and legally compliant. In reference to this case, the ethical dilemma is related to the fact that the hospital administrator needs to disregard the necessity of informed consent for organ donation. The patient’s identity was not established, and therefore there is no information concerning the views or religious beliefs that this person held. Therefore, it is possible that the decision to include the patient in the list of organ donors would run counter to her personal opinion. The issue is significant for healthcare because making organ donation decisions on behalf of unidentified patients violates their rights but increases other people’s chances to survive. Problem Analysis: Utilitarian Approach to Ethics There are two competing moral claims involved in the case. First, there is the
The movie Set It Off depicts a journey of three women that struggle to survive in a highly competitive and racist world. It features Jada Pinkett Smith, Kimberly Elise, Queen Latifah, and Vivica A. Fox. In addition, it was produced in 1996 and attracted criticism and praise from different people. This essay explains the gang activities of the main characters of the movie. These four women (main characters) were brought together by different predicaments and sought ways of solving them through all means available to them. Frankie (Vivica A. Fox) was fired on account that she collaborated with a bank robber to steal from her employer (Koules and Pollock 1996). She joined her three friends in a janitorial company and realized that life was unfair to them. They worked hard to make ends meet, but nothing ever changed in their lives. Stoney’s brother is shot dead by mistake after being suspected to have been part of the gang that robbed a bank where Frankie used to work (Koules and Pollock 1996). The disappointments become unmanageable, and these women decide to start robbing banks to become rich and solve their problems. Unity is an important aspect that brings together members of criminal gangs (Hagan 2012). They collaborate in doing anything they think will make them rich. T.T. (Elise Kimberley) objects to their involvement in criminal activities, but later she is influenced to accept and take part in them. In addition, the gang has rules that every member has to respect and follow. They are not allowed to socialize with men because they think they are responsible for their problems. Stoney is warned and asked to stop seeing Keith (
Academic Integrity Today, the interest in issues connected with academic integrity and plagiarism, in particular, is rapidly growing (Ford & Hughes, 2012). The extent of these problems is increasing with the number of educational institutions (Macfarlane, Zhang, & Pun, 2014). By the definition of Jiang, Emmerton, and McKauge, plagiarism is “stealing the words or ideas of someone else and passing them off as one’s own without crediting the source” (2013, para. 1). Academic dishonesty is an unacceptable measure that violates ethical behaviors and may lead to serious implications for both the audience and the cheaters. Case Study #1 Since Jenny has realized that she was having trouble with understanding long before the test, she had time to change it studying harder and asking other students or the professor for extra help. Jenny’s actions are the clear constitution of academic dishonesty. The “F” grade on the test is an acceptable sanction in this instance. To avoid such situations in the future, Jenny must manage her time according to the current circumstances. Case Study#2 Simply turning in the same paper without any changes for the second time is dishonest of Ben. Perhaps, Ben should talk to the professor, explaining that he had already written that paper, and ask him for suggestions on how to develop the ideas to keep the paper appropriate for the current assignment. It would be good for Ben to take the opportunity and make his paper even better. Even though Ben’s writing is not plagiarism, it is unacceptable for him to turn it in without changes. Case Study#3 Every member of the group must know the whole content of the assignment, not only their part. It can be understood that there is a friendship between Mike, Todd, and Chris, but they should not cheat. It is both Mike’s and Todd’s fault—Mike’s is that he does not know the content and asks Todd to show the answers, Todd’s is that he agrees. Moreover, Chris is put into conditions when he has to choose between their friendship and rules. Case Study#4 Jennifer is wrong. She is plagiarizing. It is not important whether her opinion is the same or different, Jennifer is presenting someone else’s thoughts as her own. The author’s words must be cited. Jennifer should paraphrase or directly quote all the content she had plagiarized, and give credit to the author. Case Study#5 Citing the “Internet” as a source is insufficient because the Internet is not a verified source, and it contains a lot of false and plagiarized information. Though it is not plagiarism because the sources were cited, they were cited incorrectly. Lee should not u
Introduction Human resource function plays an important role in any organization. It is one of the factors that determine the direction a business takes and therefore a key driver to the success of any business. As any other business function, human resource function is never static but instead tends to change with the change in the global trends affecting business organizations (Steinbock, 2010: 97). Bearing in mind the trends experienced in the world in general, it is clear that the world we live in will undergo transformation in the near future due to environmental forces at play. The world has experienced redistribution of wealth, change of power guards, uncertainties in the global economy, and instability. The business environment and the status quo have been challenged through technological changes, entrants of new players with unique way of doing business, and intense business competition for the market. There is increased diversity in the generations in the workplace due to the rise in the life expectancy which raises the question of management of human resource across a range of age groups. Social attitude has also experienced revolution and is also under the forces of evolution. These factors have led to the constant change of expectations and needs of the global workforce (Marmolejo, 2012: 374). As a result of these human resource managers are faced by the challenge of defining human resource functions of their organization in order to fit in the ever changing business environment in the global work place. Therefore, what should be role to be played by human resource function in Nokia Company in order to fit in the global workplace in the future? Human Resource Trends A number of researches have been conducted on the functions of human resource in future, in the ever changing business environment. In these studies a number of factors have been identified as key drivers for the change of human resource functions in the future. In these studies the drivers were analyzed and their implications on the human resource strategy in the future indentified. Two main drivers were identified to be the force behind the change. The drivers fell under forces that shaped operating business environment and those that led to the evolution of trends within human resource function. In the studies carried out, social demographic factors were identified to play a role in the evolution of human resource function. The forces behind the reshaping of the composition of age, structure and culture of the workforce were identified to be generated by widespread migration and increased aging global population. The workforce needs were also identified to be on a rise. These workforce needs and expectations are determined by the growing middle class with divergent needs and global representation (Steinbock, 2010: 156). There is also the glowing population of educated middle class from the emerging markets and who now control a great amount of wealth. However, on the other hand there is financial stress on the part of their counterparts
The furniture industry in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, is large and highly profitable. This is evident due to the availability of many well-established furniture stores, apart from Burke, that has a huge command of the market. The market share of the competitors in this industry is evenly balanced since each of them commands a particular niche in the market. For instance, Keltic offers a huge display of inbuilt furniture for its customers, while Schwartz offers different varieties of imported and inbuilt furniture to suit the taste of the consumer. The largest share of the market is commanded by Burke due to the different varieties of products they offer, and this gives them an edge over the other competitors since they also offer American brands such as Ashley, Concept Décor, Intercon and Palliser among many others ( BRAND SOURCE Burkes HOME FURNISHINGS , 2014). Most customers prefer Burke due to the opportunity to customize their products meaning that Burke can design specific furniture for a customer depending on the color they choose as well as the design. The market share ratio for Burke Furniture is 2:1, which means that for every two customers that purchase furniture at Burke, there is one customer who purchases from the competitors. This happens due to the high level of diversification and competition in the market as well as the location of the large industry players in Sydney. The insane offers customers are likely to receive from the competitors are also a factor. The furniture market in Sydney is growing very fast and is characterized by fierce competition for customers by the major market players, which have led to numerous offers and discounts offered to consumers. For instance, at the moment, Schwartz is offering a thirty-six months interest-free arrangement for a customer to pay for their furniture in installments. Furthermore, statistics from Canada show that the furniture industry in Sydney, Nova Scotia earned a whopping $171,389,000 in revenues alone ( Statistics Canada , 2014). This is a huge amount and goes a long way to prove that the industry is rapidly growing and thus, Burke should expect more industry players shortly. The Sales level in Sydney’s furniture market is affected by various factors such as; pricing, location, loyalty, and brand name. The customers in this region are sensitive to the prices being offered for the products they purchase. Schwartz is capitalizing on this by giving a discount of up to 30% and interest-free installments ( SCHWARTZ Furniture , 2014). Loyalty is also another factor that is determining the level of sales a company makes sense the reason Keltic commands a huge market is due to its existence in the industry for 25 years as well as their inbuilt furniture and state of the art showroom ( Keltic Furniture , 2014). On the other hand, cu