ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction With the advent of modern digital technology systems, online learning has become a very popular means through which to acquire new skills in the contemporary world. In most cases, it takes place through online portals and virtual classes, where people interact with educational content and sometimes tutors and fellow learners. Language skills are especially popular with online scholars, possibly because they can learn from native speakers or language professionals from across geographical borders. I am currently undertaking a course in computer-assisted language learning and my analysis of the English language-learning website is aimed at improving my understanding of web-based learning. Summary The website is designed to help students and teachers understand various language skills such as speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Also, it addresses several elements of grammar, vocabulary, and Business English among others. Learning resources such as textbooks, educational videos, and hyperlinks are also available for users. The website breaks down different levels of learning and gives detailed information on what one is supposed to learn at each stage (Great Resources, 2014). As they move up the stages, learners are exposed to progressively more challenging content according to their level of understanding. Additionally, it offers ways through which they can assess their progress and acquisition of new skills using tests and quizzes. Online tutorials are offered on the website, alongside discussion and messaging boards, where learners can chat about various educational topics depending on their skills and particular needs. It also allows creating online groups that engage the students in discussions using the interactive platforms on the website to air their views (Great Resources, 2014). Ultimately, the site acts as an intermediary between language learners and the various concepts of the language on which it “tutors” them. Analysis The website has numerous positive aspects since, even though it cannot replace teachers or language textbooks, it allows students to engage in self-directed and cost-effective learning. In my opinion, the website is very useful as a tool for both teaching and learning the English language. For example, many English language learners tend to have a very hard time acquiring educational materials such as notes and tutorials. However, the website provides many of these, in addition to, that is a collection of books more advanced and updated than what many physical libraries stock. It is also quite comprehensive and can even be compared to a one-stop-shop for online English learners and tutors. Furthermore, it gives teachers and students an interactive platform on which they can exchange ideas and sharpen their language skills. However, it has a major weakness when one considers the potential for students to think they can use it to substitute teachers, which is a common misconception whenever students use technology to study. Also, although it is comprehensive, the quantity of information may be
Abstract Multiple Object Tracking is an undertaking normally used to look into the optical attentiveness of human beings in observing and supervising the attributes of various objects in motion. Human players portray different forms of achievements and failures in tracking practices that are frequently imputed to boundaries on a target system, tracking mental faculty or any other particularized cognitive structure. In order to determine a human error that might spring up from cognitive restrictions and effects of unavoidable perceptual precariousness in tracking tasks, computation analyses are used. In dealing with a changing world, individuals are capable of maintaining discriminating focus on a set of mobile items within the surrounding. [108] Introduction In routine life, different situations are encountered where one requires look onto various objects at the same time in their fields of study. Performance in the tracking of such many items is bounded by some key elements- the amount of items to be tracked, the fastness of tracking them and the closeness of those items. For instance, walking across an engaged street calls for one to direct their focus on the vehicles, traffic lights at the crosswalk and other obstacles to attention (Zikan, 1988). Other applications such as protection and surveillance, automobile piloting, video redaction and compression, augmented realty, behavior analysis and medical imaging also require Multiple Object Tracking as they involve monitoring of several objects (Mole, Smithies, & Wu, 2011). Humans are versatile in conducting circumstances such as these, whenever one’s focus needs to be spread over a number of details (Wolf, 2007). The ease with which several objects in motion are supervised in routine chores has yielded in the visceral anticipation that these many objects are tracked in line. Nevertheless, the subject of whether figures of attention are spread in serial or in a parallel mode over many objects has led to many arguments in the 20 th century (Challa, Morelande, Misicki, & Evans, 2011). This has yielded several models for Multiple Object Tracking including; Serial model, FINST (Fingers of INSTantiation) model, Yan
Introduction Good nutrition is doubtlessly crucial for any living organism in general and human organism in particular. Therefore, it is especially important to take good care of the quality of the food consumed by teenagers and young adults, seeing how both of these groups, with their organisms entering the final stage of development, are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of the inside and outside factors, such as overconsumption of fats, demand that the food should be nutritious and energizing. The above-mentioned does not mean that the food should lack certain elements or be low in calories; instead, food must not contain the so-called saturated fats. Because of the harmful effects that fast food has on students’ health, allowing for locating fast food restaurants or shops on the campus territory is more than unfair towards the students; however, since fast food has long shelf life and is relatively easy to produce, the college economy might suffer a considerable shock. Starting Positively Much to the credit of fast food and the companies producing it, there are also a number of positive aspects of providing fast food on the territory of campus. To start with, the very term “fast food” speaks for itself – the food is being produced at a very fast pace and within a relatively short amount of time. Thus, providing enough food for a large amount of people on a daily basis becomes possible. Reputation Issues However, the few positive aspects of allowing fast food on the territory of a campus still do not justify the harmful effects of the given step. The idea of allowing selling fast food on the campus territory raises a number of issues, and not all of them concern good nutrition rules. While it is important that the students should be provided with only high-quality meals, other issues should also be taken into account when allowing for selling junk food on the campus territory. One of the biggest concerns is related closely to the reputation of the corresponding educational establishment. Fast Food and People For the final argument, the effect of fast food on people’s health should be brought up. There is no need to stress the fact that fast food has earned quite a bad reputation among the general population over the past few years. The concerns for the effects of fast food on human body mostly stem from the statistical data concerning the relation between fast food and such health issues as weight gain and diabetes. In addition, it has been proven that, when consumed, the fats in fast food lead to blood cells clotting and results in varicose dilatation and other health problems of the kind. Fighting the Counterarguments One of the recurrent arguments against the statement offere
Public speeches are held in the presence of an audience, so there are some special factors that a speaker needs to consider. I would pay particular attention to the relevance of the situation and the audience of listeners. Thus, it is essential to determine previous knowledge students already have about global warming and prepare interesting information. A valuable way to engage an audience is provocative questions or statements that can be used to attract consideration and engage the audience (Bengochea, et al., 2020). That is, I can mention a few facts about global warming and offer to confirm or deny them. Moreover, I need to maintain eye contact with the public, which will assist me in determining the reaction of the people. Talking about the effects of global warming should be observed as the audience perceives the information. Although, the effect in the speech may be an interruption of thought and voice techniques. In order to activate the audience’s attention, it is enough to increase the volume of the speech or raise the tone of voice. For example, I can highlight the significance of global warming in a slow and elevated tone. Another method is gesture because it will help focus the public attention on my report (Bengochea, et al., 2020). That is, I can put my hand to heart when I talk about the importance and potential consequences of global warming in the future. In my opinion, it is also crucial to prepare a presentation with the main points of the report on global warming. A vigorous effect will provide reading excerpts from any document that I can unfold in front of the audience (Bengochea, et al., 2020). For example, I can read statistics on deaths due to storms and hurricanes resulting from climate change. Thus, these methods will assist attract the hearing’s attention to the topic of global warming.
Sexual education content in many books focuses on assessing behavioral outcomes like sexual intercourse, contraceptives use, diseases associated with sex, and pregnancy. The framework tends to concentrate on risk-reduction by teaching how to avoid unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted illnesses (Kantor and Lindberg, 2020). The education ignores important topics like the information and knowledge required to form healthy sexual relationships and content related to sexual pleasures. Many young people have raised complaints about their frustrations on the lack of information on sexuality, skills they need to overcome relationships, understand sex, and relevant sexual health services (Kantor and Lindberg, 2020). Most sex education books lack broader information that can help young people’s well-being and support them to grow into sexually healthy adults. Little is talked about in the sex education books concerning gender or differential sexual orientation messages (Kantor and Lindberg, 2020). Therefore, sex education should be re-designed to incorporate aspects of young people’s current and future lives like the ability to form healthy relationships, the right to decide whether, when, and with whom to have sex. Sexuality as a social construction Contemporary sex education is mostly relying on essentialism theory which emphasizes that the sexual characteristics of an individual are influenced by biological factors and are similar in all human cultures. However, to address the gap in sex education, the training must look at sexuality as being socially constructed, and largely influenced by social norms, culture, personal experience, and interactions (Kang et al., 2021). Education must give meaning to social construction theory which means that sex is assigned by the society and varies depending on periods and different cultures (Kang et al., 2021). Social constructionism holds that gender, race, class, and sexuality are creations of human interpretation shaped by cultural and historical contexts. Likewise, the theory emphasizes that sexuality is a concept created, changed, and reproduced through historical processes within different cultures (Kang et al., 2021). This theory tries to define sex away from the reproductive functions of women and men. According to Social construction, gender is the cultural identity of an individual which involves their social norms, attitudes, and expressions. Sex on the other hand is a combination of biological and genetic components of a person. The social construction theory holds that neither gender nor sex is binary, meaning there are not just two categories – female or male and are not static (Kang et al., 2021). The theory explains that an individual’s gend
The function of the concepts and how they fit into world view as a family therapist Cybernetics helps in the development of therapy because of its role in examining systems. A family is a form of a system, and Cybernetics is the study of systems of all kinds. Within cybernetics, there is the concept of feedback. In family therapy, feedback helps to determine the appropriate actions to take. Positive feedback changes the same action in future, while negative feedback lets the action stays the same. Thus, though cybernetics, it is possible to bring out appropriate actions based on the analysis of feedback during family therapy (Sayre, 2015). The social constructionism theory explains that meanings are developed through social interactions, and they arise where there is social consensus. It emphasizes that ideas crisscross. Thus, meanings can change in people’s conversations with one another. Meanings are relevant according to their contexts, and value rests with the adoption of a not-knowing approach that is essential for grasping the nature of human problems. Besides, social construction follows a generative approach and relies on narratives and cultural framework. It uses language and meaning as its underpinnings for practice (Lock & Strong, 2010). Analysis of major theorists involved in the development of each theory placed within the historical context of the profession Some of the major theorists of cybernetics are Murray Browen, Carl Whitaker, Virginia Satir, and Jay Haley. Bowen developed the Bowenian family therapy theory that shows families as complex social systems (Efran, Mcnamee, Warren, & Raskin, 2014). They could be understood through relationships that cover many generations, and, therefore, the proper way to analyze them would be by coming up with a family genogram. It serves as a map that shows the relationship between members and can help the members to understand their entanglements and alliances. However, even therapists seeking to help families might end up being enmeshed with their client’s family problems. Thus they must identify their own feelings, and thoughts are separate from that of other family members that they are helping (Sayre, 2015). Whitaker used the background study of schizophrenics and their families to arrive at the conclusion that unhealthy communication and other behavioral patterns correlated with schizophrenic client’s families. Also, the theorist noted that every patient is a therapist to another member of the family and can be helped by another member of the family. The main function of therapy, according to Whitaker, was to promote growth and development of the family, and the therapy was to aid this development in identifying symbols and their meaning to the members. Satir believed that families had healthy intentions, and they lost their ways, as they did not know appropriate ways of communicating or expressing their intentions. Some members of the family end up taking the responsibility of rebalancing relationships and therefore face a burden of trying to fix the problems. Lastly, Haley wa
Introduction Management of skills is one of the significant aspects of the labor process both in the modern and traditional forms of capitalism (Grugulis & Lloyd, 2010). In essence, skill is central in the relationship between labor and capital. In fact, workers possess skills, therefore, the way workers are managed and how the work is organized within the workplace is at the center of the skills management within an organization (Grugulis & Lloyd, 2010). All the aspects of the labor processes are undergoing unprecedented pressure for change as the organizations seek to produce at low-costs, adjust to superior values and introduce relevant products and services into the market (Grugulis & Lloyd, 2010). As such, proper management of skills within the workforce is significant. The paper seeks to identify and critically examine three approaches to evaluating skills at work. The paper begins by examining the contemporary approaches in the management of skills and how traditional work managements such as Taylorism and Fordism have been applied in the evaluation of skills within the workplace. Finally, the paper examines the current approaches to the skills evaluation in the work place. Contemporary approaches to evaluating skill at work Over the years, people have increasingly become influential in their approaches to occupations in the contemporary society thereby jeopardizing work ethics. In other words, the employment principles have experienced a steady diminishing trend in the moral codes of work (Bradley et al., 2004). The Postindustrial thesis argues that the consumer society work primarily for the utilization of services as opposed to the production of commodities. On the other hand, the leisure society thesis argues that the advancements in technology have initiated changes that reduce the work processes thereby availing more time for leisure as opposed to work activities. However, the thesis has received a number of disparagements. First, it is argued that more leisure does not guarantee less dedication to moral inevitability to work (Bradley et al., 2004). In fact, leisure activities are flexible. Most importantly, the theory lacks experimental substantiation. With the transformations experienced in the political, social and economic frameworks, work morals and requirements have been adversely affected. In essence, the organizations have insisted on the expectations that are anticipated from employees in the performance of their duties. The modifications in the workplace situations due to increased competition have initiated diverse views in terms of the adjustments to the mental indentures at the workplace. According to the pessimistic analysis, the amplification of competition compels the organizations to reorganize their structures and procedures thereby bringing about job spiraling, overlooking personnel well-being and the provision for fewer prospects for employee training and development (Bradley et al., 2004). On the other hand, the optimistic analysis advocates the convent
Game theory has been applied to a wide variety of phenomena that are observable in the modern world. As Goolsbee, Levitt, and Syverson (2016) point out, game theory is valid for many human and non-human interactions. One of the examples of such interactions is the vaccination dilemma, which has been studied extensively, especially with respect to epidemics (Iwamura & Tanimoto, 2018). Given the increase in the rates of measles that is observed globally (UNICEF, 2019), this topic is very relevant nowadays. The present study will focus on a particular case of vaccination that is covered by UNICEF (2019) and analyze the specifics of strategic decision-making in it with the help of the game theory. The theoretical framework for the case study can be summarized as follows. According to Goolsbee et al. (2016), game theory is an economic theory that is used to investigate strategic decisions made by humans in a situation when multiple actors are involved. Vaccination, from this perspective, is a game that has many players; typically, their number can be limited to the community in which the decision-maker lives (Iwamura & Tanimoto, 2018). The strategies include either vaccinating or not vaccinating; arguably, the third strategy of alternative safety measures can be listed, but it is not relevant for the studied case (Ida & Tanimoto, 2018). The payoff is either catching or not catching the disease; commonly, the number of people who do not vacci
This paper presents a case study analysis of two articles based on leadership. The paper aims at addressing the numerous questions and concepts presented in both leadership articles. For example, the question on leadership perspective and how it has been manifested in the two cases will be addressed. In addition, the analysis will also discuss the power bases and actions that are aligned to these bases of power. Moreover, it is worth noting that the respective traits of individuals significantly influence leadership. In line with this, the analysis will equally identify whether there is an agreement between the leadership traits of the two coaches and how the effectiveness of their performance has been affected. According to Northouse (2010), there are major leadership traits that leaders should possess in order to demonstrate effective leadership. Needless to say, these traits enhance effective performance in ensuring that leaders execute managerial and leadership roles effectively. These traits include personal intelligence, self confidence, integrity, sociability and determination. In line with this, it is evident that most of the identified traits have been manifested in both coaches. For instance, in the article entitled Coach K: A matter of heart , the coach decides to leave the Duke Basketball team for a more glamorous and professional game in Los Angeles (Snook, Perlow & Delacey, 2005a). It is arguable that this coach portrays various leadership traits such as self confidence, determination and intelligence by the fact that he is able to pursue a more promising deal yet he has an ‘aged’ heart (Snook, Perlow & Delacey, 2005a). He does not fear the reaction of his team and he progresses to review the contract in order to join the National Basketball Association in Los Angeles. On the other hand, the coach in the article entitled Coach Knight: The will to win has remarkably made a legacy as the best basketball coach in Indiana University (Snook, Perlow & Delacey, 2005b). He has produced enviable records in history, a factor that demonstrates his leadership traits. In this case, it is certain that the coach is determined and has the self confidence to win (Snook, Perlow & Delacey, 2005b). It is evident that he has integrity in whatever he does since he has always been passionate and embraced a demanding leadership style. As a matter of fact, this has made his team to be among the best. Arguably, Coach Knight’s actions are aligned with managerial role. In this case, he embraces m