ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
What were the factors that triggered the demise of once solid partnership between Dannone and Wahaha companies? The factors that triggered the demise between the companies include:   * The disagreement over the way the created joint venture should be controlled. This problem was accounted for by different visions. Since China is a communist country, Wahaha believed that the difference between 50/50 and 51/49 distribution was insignificant, which turned out to be wrong.   * Change of ownership. The director appointed by Peregrine had been replaced by a Danone representative before the Chinese were informed that Peregrine’s interest in Jinjia had been bought out by Danone to acquire 51% ownership.   * Setting up independent companies. Danone was unaware of the fact that Wahaha set up firms in the same industry for Zong and his family to sell products that would compete with those manufactured by the JV.   * Illegal use of the joint trademark. Besides opening independent companies, Wahaha used its trademark for developing new brands. This violated the contract rules since the trademark belonged to the JV according to the initial agreement.   * Ineffective communication. While Danone agreed to all Zong’s conditions, its managers failed to establish effective communication with their partners concerning the ways to acquire the market share of the Chinese without violation of the initial conditions.   * Technology patent. Danone manufacturing technology was transferred to the JV to improve performance. Later, the secret formula (that was supposed to be used only to the benefit of the JV) was applied in non-JV firms without Danone’s authorization.   * Cultural differences. The lack of shared corporate ideologies led to mutual frustration and culture clashes as Zong was dissatisfied with his partners’ conservative approach to business. Danone, in its turn, counteracted ambitious and aggressive expansion. What course of action would you recommend if you were leading the Danone side? Wahaha side? Recommendations for Danone:   * to start litigation immediately when the problem with parallel firms and the use of the trademark and the technology formula was discovered;   * not to acquire these companies’ majority stake to gain profits from violation of their conditions thereby confirming that there was no concealment on Zong’s behalf;   * to discuss openly the matter of Peregrine acquisition before the decision was made;   * not to interfere with Zong’s family issues since this only aggravated hostility between the two parties;   * to concentrate on localization strategies and study the market instead of trying to operate as a subsidiary controlled from headquarters;   * to show more resolution in decisions instead of giving Zong the power of control. Recommendations for Wahaha:   * to study Western business practices as per the importance of the controlling interest;   * to restrain from involving family members into the business;   * to get authorization from the partners to use the trademark for non-JV firms;   * to share profits from non-JV firms with Danone as the owner of the technol
Is the ghost legit or not? While referring to Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a number of contradictions occur concerning the legitimacy and reliability of the ghost noticed by Horatio in the first scene. Despite the common beliefs concerning the existence of ghosts, it seems that the ghost’s presence is still supported by the testimonies of all characters in the story, including Horatio, Francisco, and the protagonist himself. Nevertheless, Hamlet hesitates whether his father’s ghost is “…spirit of health, or goblin damn’d…” (Shakespeare 14). Doubts expressed by Hamlet, therefore, uncover his emotional state that seems to be unstable. Are ghosts real? What happens in afterlife? Is there an order that “shapes our ends”? Does that punish the guilty? Despite the fact that human soul was symbolically represented in different cultures, there is still a common assumption that the soul is a precise reproduction of the human body. Numerous books and artifacts provide evidence for deceased people appeared in the afterlife in the way they looked before they died, including clothes. In Hamlet , however, the king’s shade seems to deviate from the commonly established outlooks on spirits due to the emerged inconsistencies. In particular, purgatorial spirits striving reconciliation are not supposed to incite living people to crimes or revenge, as it can be seen in the play. Is revenge correct or not? Hamlet’s inability to take control of his emotions and anger leads to many deaths in the play, which makes the revenge ineffectual. Judging from the events, the protagonist is unable to take resolute actions and take revenge on Claudius and, as a result, the action delays until the end of the tragedy. More importantly, the presented action differs significantly from the Elizabethan revenge plays. The delay in action makes the revenge untypical and incorrect and, therefore, Shakespeare’s play is a remarkable piece providing a unique vision on the concept of revenge itself. In particular, the playwright intends to emphasize the importance of the revenge for the hero because the main idea of the plot centers on this particular event. Does Hamlet revenge because of cowardice when Claudius prays? The delay of the revenge is explained by Hamlet’s willingness to take vengeance on Claudius properly. Therefore, the hero changes his mind to kill Claudius because of the fear of Claudius going up to Heaven while praying. Psychological and emotional aspects can also be involved into the explanation for Hamlet’s actions. Specifically, the protagonist seems to be not ready for committing a crime because there is a rigid confrontation between the reality and the spiritual world. Hamlet cannot understand whether his visions are true. Did Gertrude know Claudius killed old Hamlet? While analyzing the tragedy, certain misconceptions allow to believe that Gertrude can be considered an accomplice of her husband’s murder. Hamlet finds out about his father’s
Introduction The art of the High Renaissance dates from the late 15th century and the first three decades of the 16th century. The “Golden Age” was chronologically brief, but the unique creations of the titans of the Renaissance were created during this period. Michelangelo Buonarroti, the greatest master of the High Renaissance, was a sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. He worked extensively in architecture, particularly supervising St. Peter’s Cathedral and the Capitoline Square ensemble in Rome. There he created one of the major works of those years – the Pietà. It is the master’s first significant original work, inspired by faith in the triumph of humanist ideals of the Renaissance. Michelangelo’s work constituted an entire epoch and was far ahead of its time. Fundamental Historical Aspects The rise of culture took place in a difficult historical period in the life of Italy, in the context of the sharp economic and political weakening. The Turkish conquests in the East, the discovery of America, and the new sea route to India deprived Italian cities of their role as important trading centers (Chamberlin, 2019). The invasion of French troops, the disastrous wars of the first decades of the 16th century, and the defeat of Rome weakened Italy enormously. At this time, when the threat of enslavement by foreign conquerors arose, the strength of the people and their national consciousness grew as the country fought for independence. A tremendous social upsurge served as the basis for the flowering of an influential culture of the High Renaissance. This period formed the main principles of culture and art of the new style. Analysis of the Work and Main Characteristics The Pietà is the expression of maternal pain and heavy grief, and at the same time, spiritual strength and fortitude. The author addresses the dramatic theme in a deeply psychological way, showing immense sorrow with a tilt of the head, a precise gesture of Madonna’s left hand (Fenichel, 2017). The moral purity of Mary’s image and the noble restraint of her feelings reveal the force of her character, rendered in classically definite forms with unexpected perfection. Both figures are composed in an intimate group where no single detail disturbs the closed silhouette and its plastic expressiveness. The masterpiece is made of light marble, and the artist chose a solid block for this work: it underlines the desire to create clean, sincere work. The sculpture has a pyramidal shape, but it is impossible to view it from all sides, as the back part is hidden from sight by the wall of the cathedral. Michelangelo conveyed all the nuances of the tragic plot in the minor details: the distorted face of Mary, the mute question in her eyes, the crucifixion marks on her hands, and the pierced ribs of Christ. The artist succeeded in creating a magnificent sculpture both in terms of the professionalism and the emotional content of the creation. The Author’s Contribution to the History of Art Michelangelo was the greatest sculptor of the Italian Renaissance and one of its leading artists and architects. He is a central figure in the history of art
Introduction A recruitment strategy is an action plan that will tell management which job positions to recruit, and it also describes each job specifications, budget for recruitment as well as ways to get the desired candidates. The person assigned this task of preparing a recruitment strategy needs to collaborate with management so as to ensure that no goals of the organisation are compromised. Objective The main objective of developing a recruitment strategy is to develop one that meets human resource requirements as outlined in the Operational Plan. Need for a Recruitment Strategy There can be no efficient recruitment from any organisation if an effective recruitment strategy is not put in place. An effective recruitment strategy is necessary to ensure that individuals picked to meet the required job specifications after thorough interviews. It helps everyone on the interviewing panel to understand the goals of the organisation and how recruiting can have an impact on the organisation (Newell-Brown, J). Assessment Description The recruitment strategy adopted will be aimed at increasing sales by 10% in the next twelve months. This calls for competitive candidates to be hired so as to help The Office Assistant achieve her goals. The organisation is in need of ten full-time equivalent employees, employed on both part-time and full-time hours. The employees could either be casual and/or permanent. They are to start working on 21 February 2012. Job Descriptions The Office Assistant requires Graphic Designers and Retail Assistants to enable it to meet set objectives. It is easy to develop an assessment description for the candidates who apply for the positions having this in mind. Before candidates come to the assessment stage, there has to be a job advert that may be done by job posting, i.e. placing notices on manual and electronic bulletin boards, in the company newsletters or even through office memoranda. The advertisement may also be done through referrals which are usually advertisements through word of mouth (Dubrin, 2011). The Office Assistant requires ten full-time employees, four of which will be Graphic Designers and the remaining six to be Retail Assistants. The Graphic Designer will be reporting to the IT manager. His job description is among others: able to use negative and print developing tools to make negatives and prints to produce layout photos for products available to clients, ability to use available computer software to generate new graphics, maintain the organisation’s website and intranet with the assistance of IT manager, update new events or new markets ventured into by the organisation’s Retail Assistants, perform any other duty assigned to him/her by IT manager. Two or three years’ experience is a must for the Graphic Designer position. Retail assistants will be reporting to the Marketing Manager. The Retail Assistant should be able to maintain a neat store
Assessment of the Booths The two booths present very innovative and high quality products in the show. However, there are specific disparities notable in the two presentations. Perhaps, this might be attributed to the differences in the policies and organizational cultures of the two companies. Unidem Sales Inc. has continually transformed its presentation strategies and features (Marketplace Events 2012). The presentation indicates a significant improvement from the previous shows. It is one of the leading companies with magnificent presentations in the Home Shows. Unidem Sales Inc. has a strategic location within the Home Show. Most customers can easily access the display section of the company. In essence, it is observable that there are no visible obstructions within the scenario. This condition enables easy traffic flow and movement of customers within the display section. The adjacent booths within the location offer competitive advantage to the company. The situation enables Unidem Sales Inc. to adopt and implement transformative mechanisms for presentation. Observably, some of these adjacent booths present unique products. Consequently, this reduces the level of competition for customers. There are heavy traffic movements within the area of display. This means that the company is exposed to the public (UNIDEM Sales Inc. ND). Different personalities have the capacity to access and view the company’s products within the Home Show. This is advantageous because it increases the level of sales and promotion of the company’s goods. The booth covers a remarkably wider section within the whole show ground. The dimensions are adequate to contain a relatively high number of window shoppers or customers. However, this is possible within specific intervals. The layout enables easy movement of customers and staff within the booth. Adequate lighting is provided within the entire show room. The glass walls used in the show room increases the ease of visual access. In addition, the architectural design applied in the show room enables free air circulation. Apart from this, it enables penetration of natural light rays and applies the current “green concept” technology. Unidem Sales Inc. does not apply any presentation or graphic technology within the show room (UNIDEM Sales Inc. ND). The company targets the potential homeowners and real estate agents. Therefore, it readily meets its target audience within the Home Show booth. The customers obtain brochures, placards and printed exhibition materials from the booth. These are important in diverse ways. For instance, the visiting clients can influence their fellows to obtain their home decors from the booth. This increases the volu
Key Points of the Article “How CEOs Improvised in the Wake of Sandy” Responding to Business Challenges strategically and operationally It is debatable whether Hurricane Sandy was a foreseeable event; nonetheless, it is an unexpected occurrence, which requires innovative action to maneuver. Ethics and Social Responsibility Ideally, the office is preferred as a workstation. However, at a tie of crisis such as the one faced by Northeast CEOs, most ended up working in unconventional environments such as entertainment halls, homes, and any other place with WI-FI. Entrepreneurship in Action The decision to cancel a business trip or the launching of a regional meeting given an outage is wise and so is the predetermined backing up of work files in a smartphone. Analysis of the Article “How CEOs Improvised in the Wake of Sandy” The power shortages or outages that crippled businesses in the Northeast due to Hurricane Sandy resulted in ingenious survivorship skills among numerous families, but while the ordinary employee may not have been affected much in terms of mental pressure and professional responsibilities, the CEOs of various major firms did not get off so easy. For instance, The Lands’ End Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Edgar Huber was on a business trip, but the power issues forced him to set up an unexpected trip to his in-law’s apartment complex where he put up his office to continue working. The CEO of Sears Holding Corporation was forced to cancel his business trip to New York when cancellations hit the airport and so he did what he could by boarding an Amtrak train to the Washington DC area and booked himself into a communal entertainment center at the Bethesda MD complex where he soldiered on with the WI-FI. Foot Locker Inc. CEO Ken Hicks bravely endured in his office long past the compulsory shut down of his New York Headquarters where he worked until three in the afternoon. Afterward, he moved to his house in Murray Hill and continued working until the power went out. However, he would not be shut down and upon this turn of events, he resorted to working on paperwork for another two and a half hours. Yet another CEO, Jonathan Hsu, CEO of Recyclebank was forcefully detained by the power supply in his home. He had to juggle between his five and three-year-old daughters and work on his third floor and managed this by distracting the children with animation films. Eventually, he had managed to cover some ground despite the disruptions. What is inspirational about all these occurrences is the resilience portrayed by CEOs. They worked on despite the hiccups and used every available resource. The Acorda Therapeutics Inc. CEO Ron Cohen had to maneuver this power and transportation crisis alongside the possibility of delivery as his wife was to give birth in a week. He was hesitant about using a generator, as he feared the outage would last even a week. However, he had to use it because he wanted to save on his cell battery just in case there was a medical emergency. Conclusion The Northeast is not a stranger to power outages and the populac
Goal Setting and Company Strategy The key strategies to communicate the goals to employees The company’s strategy can be executed efficiently only if the goals are set out and understood by every employee. The goals should be precise, measurable and concrete. It is important to clarify personal goals of the employees and align them with the company’s objectives. In their turn, the company’s goals should not contradict the company’s policy and philosophy. It is important to notify the employees about the attainment of even small intermediate goals. Every employee should clearly see his role and contribution to the process of goal attainment. An example of a company with such a strategy Among the most successful companies who managed to implement an effective strategy through goal-setting and personal contribution of the employees is Google. In Google, everyone makes every effort because of strong belief and commitment that do “cool things that matter”. The employees here feel that they are the greatest value of the company. Every team working on a particular project is seen as an inalienable element of the enormously streamlined mechanism where the difference is not just accepted but celebrated (Google par. 4). Managerial Decision Making: Group vs. Individual To my point of view, it is important to combine both individual and group decision-making approaches. A wise and shrewd manager can identify when any of those variants is suitable. It may depend on the type of the organization. Strict hierarchy and subordination are more likely to be supported by individual decisions. However, the delegation of decision-making power to groups becomes efficient when the manager lacks ideas for a personal decision. Group decisions should be taken when the interests of the groups are directly affected. For example, it may be suitable for the question of changes in the working schedule or choosing of the team leadership. While individual decision-making is faster, the group one provides a greater level of personal contribution, imitativeness, and responsibility of all members of the team. Flat Organizational Structure and Change Management The influence of managers within a flat organizational structure Less amount of managers between the leadership and the workers ensures participation of the latter in the decision-making process. It helps to reduce unnecessary time spending on the involvement of too many people in working out the final decision. The communication process between the management and employees becomes much easier. The decentralized approach ensures a greater level of commitment of th
The history of prisons in pre-1900 America is associated with the development of the penitentiary system which changed the approach of the officials and the public’s attitude to imprisoning. To examine the issue, it is important to discuss such works as The Cradle of the Penitentiary: The Walnut Street Jail at Philadelphia 1773-1835 by Teeters, The Oxford History of the Prison: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society by Rothman, “History from the inside out: Prison Life in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts” by Goldsmith, and “One Female Prisoner Is of More Trouble than Twenty Males”: Women Convicts in Illinois Prisons, 1835-1896” by Dodge. The researchers provide rather opposite views on the prison system of the 19 th century; that is why, it is important to discuss the history of prisons in pre-1900 America from many perspectives, focusing on the positive and negative features of the system. In his work, Teeters focuses on the success of penitentiaries as the effective reform to improve the prison system of the USA during the 19 th century. Teeters discusses a lot of the system’s strengths using the concrete historical example of the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia developing during the post-Revolutionary period. The author pays attention to such factors as the role of penology phenomenon and responsibility of officials in the system’s progress as well as the changed approach to the role of a prisoner. Teeters states that this system contributes to discussing a prisoner as “a rational being of like feelings and passion with themselves” because of operating the notions of dignity and man’s rights [1] . Having focused on the role of penitentiaries for the social history of the country, the author concludes that it was the well-rounded treatment program influencing the further development of the system. Rothman discusses the history of the penitentiary system typical for the 1800s within the larger context and comparing it with the previous and next systems and punishment programs. According to Rothman, the evolution of the prison system in the 19 th century led to focusing much on the factors of obedience, isolation, and routine activities in penitentiaries as the way to provide the necessary rehabilitation for prisoners and social order. The authors’ argument about the effectiveness of penitentiaries in guaranteeing the social control is based on answering such questions as the aspects of prisons’ organization oriented to isolation of prisoners and organization of the daily routines. Having examined the reports and historical documents on penitentiaries, Rothman concluded that the period of penitentiaries is one of the most important in the history of the US prisons because the order and organization of penitentiaries contributed significantly to preserving the social order [2] . Goldsmith is not as optimistic as the above-mentioned authors while analyzing the prison system during the 1800s in America. The researcher pays attention to the fact that the development of penitentiaries in the country was not an easy process, and it was associated w