ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Issues of patient privacy and confidentiality are of importance for the medical profession since they show healthcare providers’ commitment to patient advocacy and trust to preserve high standards of care that patients expect from their nurses, physicians, and surgeons (ANA, 2015). In this paper, the scenario of mobile device risks will be analyzed to formulate appropriate strategies for their elimination, discuss the use of mobile devices in healthcare settings, and provide examples for ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality with regards to the use of mobile devices. In a modern technology-driven society, physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals use laptops, tablets, and smartphones in their work (HealthIT, 2014). Subsequently, the use of such devices leads to the exposure to risks such as loss or theft of mobile devices, downloaded malware and viruses, sharing of devices, and unsecured Wi-Fi networks. No matter what device is being used, healthcare providers are responsible for protecting patients’ health information when accessing, storing, receiving, or transferring it. Common strategies for safeguarding patient information including setting strong passwords, installing and enabling encryption, activating remote wiping or/and disabling, avoiding file sharing applications, introducing a firewall and security software, researching apps before downloading them, maintaining physical control over devices, using security when sending or receiving health data via Wi-Fi, and deleting all stored patient information before discarding the device (HealthIT, 2013). The use of text messaging to communicate patient information is of particular concern with regards to the issue of privacy and confidentiality in healthcare settings because more than 70% of healthcare providers use text messaging to discuss patients’ conditions and 54% of them do not address confidentiality problems (Dash, Haller, Sommer, & Junod Perron, 2016). While text messaging can improve relationships between healthcare professionals, increase their productivity, and save time, issues of misuse and interference with the private lives of patients present significant concerns. After a text message is sent, it can be read by an individual to whom it was not intended if poor privacy practices were in place. Because of this, appropriate security strategies are introduced at healthcare facilities. They include double-checking the phone number of the receiver before sending text messages, avoiding using patients’ names, initials, zip codes, home addresses, or medical record
Launching the Hospital’s Website It is necessary to note that healthcare units tend to have their websites, which enables them to provide more comprehensive services to the clients (existing as well as potential). In the first place, the website should contain all the contact information and details on the hospital’s department and services provided. Clients should have all contact details to be able to access healthcare professionals. They should also be able to understand what services they can obtain while browsing the website. It can be effective to employ such tools as Wareed as this will improve booking an appointment and can even improve the payment process. Admittedly, the use of such tools will help healthcare professionals to manage data more effectively as such information as diagnosis, radiology and so on will be easily accessed. A lot of healthcare unites have already benefited from the use of IT and launching the hospital’s website (as well as the use of some tools to manage information) will make Al Baraha hospital more competitive. Assessment Criteria The hospital pays attention to client’s needs and the level of their satisfaction. The hospital’s clients complete surveys and this helps to make sure service provided are appropriate and meet clients’ needs. Nonetheless, assessments criteria have not been outlined so far. However, these criteria are essential as collecting data is only the first step. Analysis of the data obtained through surveys will show whether the hospital meets certain standards. Though, it is necessary to set certain standards to check whether the hospital meets them. Effectiveness of healthcare professionals can be defined if it is clear what is expected from each department or even each employee. Training It has been acknowledged that training is crucial for an organization and lots of companies pay a lot of attention to this aspect of development. Al Baraha hospital also holds numerous trainings and meetings. However, it is also clear that knowledge and skills of some employees can be quite out-dated. Therefore, it is important to make sure that employees’ skills are assessed and each employee has an opportunity to develop through participation in training courses, meetings and so on. As has been mentioned above, assessment criteria should be developed to evaluate effectiveness of employees as well as training. Team building training should also be a part of overall training of employees. It is crucial to make sure that employees are a team of professionals. Development of the Customer Service Department The hospital includes the customer service department which focuses on customers’ satisfaction and needs. This is beneficial for the hospital which can process clients’ complaints (if any), analyse clients’ needs and expectations, and makes sure these expectations are met. This department is the one which can significantly improve the quality of services provided
The Perspective of the Police Officer There is a number of possible outcomes of interaction between the police and a minor: first, a young delinquent might be counseled and released. In this case, a police officer issues a warning explaining the gravity of the deed and possible adverse consequences if it is repeated. The second outcome might include holding a minor until his or her parents or guardians arrive to handle the situation. In the present case, the described two measures suffice not, and the police officer would have to heed the contents of the crime and refer the teenager to the juvenile court. Now, it is important to note that referring a minor to the court is not based on a police officer’s subjective ideas of what is just or unjust. The final decision needs to be made based on a number of factors, and namely, the severity of the offense, the offender’s past record, his or her age, and social history. In the present case, the contents of the crime include sexual assault and battery aggravated by possession of alcoholic beverage and cannabis. Moreover, the strength of the evidence – both the presence of substances and a witness who caught the teenager in the process – justify the harshest measure available, which is a referral to the court. The teenager will be in detention for no longer than 48 hours with the right to one phone call. The authorities will settle on the date when he and his parents must appear before the court. The Perspective of the State Attorney The role of the state attorney is to defend the accused teenager against the government’s case. While the prosecutor represents the state, the state attorney represents the interests of his or her defendant. In the United States, the juvenile court is separated from the adult criminal justice system. It is argued that underage criminals need to seek reformation, and corrective measures should take priority over strictly punitive measures. However, even a person whose role is to defend the teenager should consider the charges as delinquent acts. In 2007, it was announced that 12 is the minimum age for criminal responsibility in the United States (Orendan, 2019). What the state attorney might advocate for before the court is a milder punishment given the young age. Another point to make is the uncertainty as to whom the controlled substances belonged to. As for the punishment, sentences in the juvenile court may vary greatly and be vastly different from those in the adult criminal justice system. For instance, the average sentence length for a sex offender is 129 months (United States Sentencing Commission, 2019). In the present case, the state attorney might want to keep the minor out of the correctional facility and ask for home detention up to 180 days. The Perspective of the Judge The process might be resolved whether through a plea agreement or a full-fledged trial. The first option is not exactly possible since the perpetrator is reluctant to plead guilty and insists on the willingn
Introduction The Grand Met has grown tremendously by applying horizontal integration strategies in several industry sectors. Horizontal integration refers to the acquisition of companies that are operating at the same stage of the production marketing stage whether in the local or international region. When a company gets involved in horizontal integration, there are certain competitive advantages that it wants to achieve when it comes to economies of scale and scope (Phadtare, 2011, pp.101) Benefits In the food and drinks industry, the aim of the company was to cut costs and build the global brands. It built an international brand by acquiring companies both in the UK and other countries. It aimed to control the distribution of the drinks and also release new products into the market. At first the company invested in hotel acquisitions. In 1947 and 1950, the company acquired the Mandeville and Mount Royal hotel respectively in the United Kingdom. Later the company acquired hotels in United States of America, Switzerland, Spain and France. The company acquired hotels, pubs and restaurants where drinks and food was being sold. It acquired the Levy and Franks Company in 1966 which had several Chef and Brewer pub restaurants. By acquiring these competitive firms, the company was increasing its market share and the number of customers it would be serving. It would now be able to influence the supply and the demand of the different products. The company has reduced the level of rivalry it was facing in the market. It has also increased its bargaining power when it coma to the customers and the suppliers of inputs (Gaughan, 2001, pp. 157). In 1986, the company acquired the Heublein Company in the United States. Heublein Company owned 13% of the market of the spirits market. Secondly, the company owned the world’s leading vodka brand, Smirnoff. The company increased its customer base by also purchasing companies that were related to the food and drinks industry. It purchased Express Dairy, a company that provided milk but also owned hotels, restaurants and food stores. Dance halls and casino groups were also acquired where they had food, drink and leisure operations. One advantage of horizontal integration is that the company gains economies of scale. The company is able to spread its fixed costs over a wider customer base therefore reducing its average costs per units (Kazmi, 2008, pp. 152). There is also increased asset utilization when it comes to horizontal integration. The company is able to operate at the highest capacity (Anderson and Anderson, 2000, pp.171) The company was also able to increase the range of products it was giving its customers. The customers were able to buy food and drinks and at the same time enjoy hotel and casino or dancehall facilities. With the IDV acquisition of Grand Met
Introduction Information sharing is a procedure in which data possessed by private companies is provided to government institutions on request. The extensive knowledge possessed by various companies enables the discovery and prevention of threats and vulnerabilities if a specialized organization compiles and analyzes it. However, the law is controversial, as it provides government institutions with significant amounts of personal information, particularly in the case of aviation companies. U. S. Laws on Information Sharing The United States employs information sharing in the private sector extensively. According to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (n.d.), various programs are currently in use. Most of them involve exchanges of information between members of different industries as well as the government and are voluntary. At the same time, according to Nemitz, Posner, McLaughlin, and Zittrain (n.d.), the U.S. have not adopted the “right to be forgotten.” The right would allow persons to request that data available online, particularly personal information, be removed from search results and therefore made unavailable to institutions such as the government. Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) are a significant part of the information sharing strategy in the U.S., as they provide considerable benefits to companies that choose to work with them. There is such a center responsible for the aerospace industry, and its goals are the sharing of threat information and the fostering of trusting and mutually beneficial relationships in the sector (Aviation Information Sharing & Analysis Center, n.d.). The organization provides its partners with data that results from the analysis of a variety of confidential sources and is highly accurate. Aviation Information and Security Airlines provide a fast and convenient way to travel, and their rigorous security means that the companies possess a significant amount of information on their customers. According to Botelho, Morgan, and Cullen (2016), the European Parliament, which has implemented required information sharing for aviation companies, expects that the data can be used to discover suspicious behavior patterns. If a person frequently travels via airlines that comply with the requirements, their movements can be accurately traced, and their lifestyle and habits can be determined using this information. At the same time, the measures possess a significant effect on deterring crime and terrorism due to the factors described above. Extensive information sharing can be considered invasive and infringe on people’s privacy, but the gathered data may be highly valuable in crime investigations. If information-sharing practices were to be stopped, the nation would become less secure, although the people who use airline services would enjoy enhanced privacy. Conflicting Requirements in Information Sharing Varying information sharing legislation leads to conflicting partnership requirements within the United States and cross-borde
Man’s life is full of captivating events, serious decisions, and challenges which have to be identified and overcome. Inabilities to control personal interests, poor self-identification, and problems with building relationships are considered to be the main challenges in the vast majority of men lives. The point is that some men are not eager or just afraid to identify their weaknesses and do not want to change something in order to gain better understanding of the matter. This is why it is usually very hard for a man to identify personal weakness and take some steps to improve the situation. There are many interesting literary sources where the authors make attempts to share their own ideas of how men can evaluate their lives and realize what actually goes wrong. Nick Hornby is the author whose recent attempt to describe the male life from inside seems to be rather attractive and educative. His High Fidelity is the story about a man, Rob Fleming, who hides behind his hobby that is music and suffers from the fear of commitment. The theme of
Introduction Summary of Issues The history of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) began in 1915 when the Bureau of Internal Revenue was established. The majority of responsibilities for the DEA remained the same over the years, with the only essential difference becoming the decision to separate general drug law enforcement into the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (Drug Enforcement Administration, n.d.). Therefore, the biggest challenges awaited the US on the way to normalizing drugs during 1960, right at the time when the nation began learning about all kinds of drugs, the existence of drug dealers, and numerous other issues that related exclusively to the new regulations. According to Jones et al. (2016), the willingness to establish the so-called drug-free zones turned out to be an insufficient strategy since countless individuals had to cope with the effects of drug trafficking and its adverse influence on the environment. Overview of DEA, State and Federal Authorizes Roles in Pharmaceutical Regulations Prior to the second half of the 20 th century, the US did not turn to drug use as tolerable comportment. Yet, the next three decades became the hardest in the lives of the drug enforcement officials who could not stop or at least slow down the popularization and increased rate of abuse of drugs. The 1970s became a decade when the future DEA started looking for a much more encompassing response to drug use because it was no longer seen as a trivial issue (Drug Enforcement Administration, n.d.). Establishment of the DEA The modern DEA was created in 1973 in an attempt to battle the majority of drug trafficking syndicates from Mexico and Colombia that gained an exceptionally high pace in terms of drug supply. The greatest demands were covered by international providers, and the DEA had to expand its operations in order to be able to respond to the upcoming challenges. Heroin and cocaine were placed under the control of the DEA, but their efforts seemed to be ineffective due to the growing number of traffickers and the expanse of drugs. About the Drug Enforcement Administration History The Drug Enforcement Administration was founded in 1973 as the body that was expected to regulate compliance with the substance laws established in the U.S. (Drug Enforcement Administration, n.d.). Thus, from its very conception, the DEA was linked to the criminal and justice system of the U.S. In the 1980s, the emergence and the following widespread use of crack cocaine led to a drop in prices and the increase in the accessibility of the drug (Drug Enforcement Administration, n.d.). As a result, the DEA had to expand to address the described issue
Indeed, when discussing evolutionary transformations in animals initiated by humans, the organisms that come to mind most often are those that interact with Homo sapiens . This includes symbiotic microorganisms and pets, particularly cats. The cat, Felis catus , is a domesticated animal that has lived with humans for thousands of years. The owner feeds, treats, cares for, and cares for the pet, and it is these actions, combined with the duration of this bond, that become predictors of evolutionary change. A likely reason for the beginning of the domestication of Felis catus was to help cats with the problem of rodents that were destroying agricultural supplies (Smith, 2019). In turn, such a quid pro quo relationship may have caused a change in the attitudes of feral cats toward human communities, resulting in Felis catus going from being independent, self-reliant animals to pets that are highly dependent on their host. In addition, changes are also noticeable on the physical level: domestic cats (except for specific breeds) are always smaller in size and have smaller teeth and shorter tails. In addition, sources report that the presence of spotted fur combined with short cat hair lengths is an artificially derived trait native to the Middle Ages (Smith, 2019). Interestingly, some domestic cat breeds appear to be more resistant to hyperthyroidism, while others are more susceptible (Alborough, 2021). Changes in exposure to endocrine disease may be related
Religion and human society have always been a great part of any country or nation. A person’s belief in something that is unexplained and higher is inseparable from a human being. In a book titled “Living Buddha, Living Christ” Thich Nhat Hanh explains the close relationship between the two religions. Christianity and Buddhism have many common themes and criteria by which people should live their lives and follow moral guidelines of existence. It is a fact that people have a need to believe in something, in order to lead a life on Earth and these two religions offer clear cut and easy to follow guidance. Thich Nhat Hanh begins by saying that people must have an open mind and take the best from all religions (Hanh). Reason bases itself on rational thinking of a wise and educated human being. Religion is what is taught by the culture, society, family and possibly friends. The close relationship between religion, culture, morality, human kindness and happiness is in reality the same thing. Christian laws of “do not kill, respect the neighbor and yourself” are all based on the wisdom of the world and all creation. Whereas Buddhism states that a person should “not think that the knowledge you presently possess is changeless, absolute truth. Avoid being narrow minded and bound to present views” (Hanh, 1995). It is clear that the essentially concrete laws of all religions and particularly Christianity and Buddhism, determine the life of a human being and have many parallels. The unifying feature is that both religions teach a person to leave a life free of bad deeds and find peace with themselves and the surrounding environment (Gerner, 2008). If a person is of sane mind and healthy, they understand that to hurt anything that is alive is wrong and this is based on the truth that if you do not want to be hurt, then do not hurt others. Thich Nhat Hanh references the Vietnam War and how horrifying the reasons and consequences were. No nation should involve themselves in the slaughter of other people and allow own nation to devastate itself in the armed conflict (Hanh, 1995). War is the opposite of peace and teaching that the higher being transfers to people. The author makes a reference to the time when the French were colonizing his land and religion was one of the paths that were forced. Christianity was introduced as a new and “proper” faith while Buddhism was not paid much attention to (Hanh, 1995). Even though this took place, the author was able to look past the ideologies of extremists and see the good of a widespread religion. Thich Nhat Hanh makes it clear that he was able to see the best of Christianity in people that he came in contact with. Martin Luther King and Hebe Kohlbrugge are mentioned as people who had goodness lighting their presence. This allowed for Hanh to feel the kindness of religion and beliefs people had. Thus, both Christ and Buddha have become