ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The nuclear program in North Korea has left its neighbors and the whole world in general concerned about the North Korea’s intentions. The program has led to a lot of controversy with many people wondering whether the nuclear weapons are for defensive purposes or are majorly instruments of coercion (Pollack, 2010). A lot of questions have been asked to establish the real intention of North Korea’s nuclear program with no clear answers being found. This paper will try to unravel the mystery behind North Korea’s nuclear program. There has been a lot of pressure from the international community to stop North Korea from going ahead with its nuclear program but the efforts have not borne any fruits for almost two and a half decades (Pollack, 2010). North Korea claims to possess plutonium that is popular for making nuclear weapons and uranium that the country claims to be an alternative source of reactor fuel. According to North Korea, the United States is a threat to its security and the nuclear program is a strategy to counter the threats. The U.S and North Korea have engaged in diplomatic talks since the year 2009 but the engagement has proved futile to this far. The U.S mission is to see North Korea become a completely non-nuclear state. North Korea insists that it will continue to retain its nuclear programs and weapons as long other nations in the world continue to do the same (Pollack, 2010). North Korea clearly demonstrated their defiance in May 2009 by conducting its second nuclear test. It is believed that North Korea went ahead to officially announce its new status as a nuclear weapons state. These actions have completely stopped diplomatic engagements in recent times. North Korea has also lost the political support it used to enjoy after its latest actions. The South Korean president has completely changed nuclear program policies and the engagement between the North and the South is very cautionary with the South completely resisting the influence from the North. The attempts to restrain North Korea have been reversible making the whole process frustrating (Pollack, 2010). North Korea has constantly disrupted all the efforts made by allies and adversaries to make it comply with non-proliferation obligations. International Atomic Energy Agency has terribly failed in trying to make North Korea comply with its regulations. North Korea was the first nation to withdraw from the Nonproliferation Treaty in the year 2003 and it has since then continued to violate its promises to stop the nuclear program. During the first nuclear test, long-range missile ranges were tested and subsequent tests saw the introduction of new nuclear weapons that North
Ever since the wheel was invented the humans received a very powerful tool that both literally and figuratively stimulated our society to move forward. Transportation today is a crucial aspect of our lives, which affects immensely such spheres as economy, politics, production, communications and consumption. Automobiles are one of the most popular modes of transportation in the contemporary world. The majority of the modern individuals cannot imagine their lives without transportation or travelling by means of automobiles. It goes without saying that automobiles carry a large number of benefits for the human society, but at the same time this technology is also the source of some negative influences on the society and the world in general. Among the main advantages brought by the automobiles to our life is the ability of humans to affect their natural environments. First of all, people can easily change their environments by moving from one place to another. Besides, automobiles significantly speed up the process of moving around, so if an individual lives far away from their workplace or some other destination point, an automobile can help to change that issue. Due to automobiles many places that used to be deemed hard to reach are now accessible and populated. One very important influence of modes of transportation such as automobiles is their stimulation of the process of globalization. Vehicles of various sizes and kinds deliver goods and carry people making travelling and trades faster and more advanced, this strengthens the world’s economies and at the same time provides high rates of people and capital movements and migration. In the earlier times, the process of import of goods from abroad could take months and was highly dangerous because the vehicles carrying the goods were often monitored and attacked by pirates and bandits, besides, they were not resistant towards sudden weather changes or happenings such as hurricanes, heavy rains, extreme low temperatures. The modern vehicles are not only resistant to various kinds of weather, they are also much faster, which makes them not easy targets for the robbers, and they are able to protect the goods they carry from getting spoiled or damaged. One of the negative impacts of vehicles is that they provide their leisure class owners with an ability to walk less, this may increase the rates of obesity or heart diseases in the society. It is a well known fact that cars negatively affect the environment producing greenhouse gases, ozone depletion, creating noise and reducing water and air quality (Impact of Cars on the Environment 2014). A running car engine produc
Leadership involves the handling of various resources and streamlining them in line with organizational objectives. The effectiveness of meeting these objectives within the organization is a factor of the leadership style. Several theories have been put forward to explain different forms of leadership. While some leaders portray the traits postulated in these theories, others have unique features. This essay focuses on the article carried on the Business Insider about the leadership attributes of Sir Richard Branson, a renowned entrepreneur and business leader. Currently, Branson is the owner of Virgin Group alongside 400 other companies. After the analysis, a few lessons learnt with regard to successful business leadership will be illustrated. The article discusses several attributes about the outstanding leadership attributes of Sir Richard Branson, who has distinguished himself as a person with an implicit understanding of business success. It is indicated that, at the age of 20, Branson had started nurturing his business leadership skills through mail order shop and recording studio. Since then, he has been able to grow his empire, which is currently, estimated to be of net worth in excess of 3 billion sterling pounds. The success inherent in this figure is a true portrayal of an astute business leader who combines his leadership and entrepreneurial skills in turning opportunities in to wealth. Branson has managed to become an outstanding leader in the business frontiers because of his attitude towards life and business. As the article outlines, the immense success in business is accompanied by fun filled engagements such as balloon journeys and high-speed boat. Some of his quotations reflect witty yet insightful thoughts, as examined in the article. This is built on the fact that motivation exudes from them. From Branson’s quotations, it is evident that happiness is a prerequisite element of successful business leadership. Although wealth makes life comfortable and happy, the philosophy of Branson acts on the inverse of this argument; he believes that a happy life and wealth accumulation can exist independently. From these quotations, it is becoming clear that happiness is a choice and a pivotal factor in spurring business growth (“Ten Life Lessons fro
Omnichannel is one of the most successful strategies of luxury brands, and not only because the Internet traffic on the brands’ websites significantly exceeds customers’ visits to offline locations. While traditional mono-brand stores also serve as the primary channels for selling luxury goods, their market share declines (Bell et al., 2018). Although the trends indicate that luxury goods sales through traditional retail channels will continue to fall, it is not the primary point for the transition. The growth rate of sales through the online channel is significantly higher than the growth rate of sales through traditional retail (Bell et al., 2018). This essay discusses why the most successful retail concepts are those that offer omnichannel sales. This notion continues to amass new attention due to its immense success, as shown by multiple significant businesses. Market leaders believe that the omnichannel strategy helps to increase customer lifetime value, reach new customer segments, improve operational efficiency, and increase market share (Von Briel, 2018). The omnichannel approach is also essential for marketers when planning budgets since it give consistency not only to communication channels but to all marketing processes (Bell et al., 2018). Its essence is not that there are many contacts between the brand and the client, but that the user can naturally navigate through all channels, and the history of communications with the brand will be preserved. One of the examples of omnichannel marketing is the international beauty retailer Sephora. Sephora does not simply blur the boundaries between online and offline, the retailer turns shopping into a fun, interactive experience by combining their mobile application with an offline experience (Bell et al., 2018). Oasis, a UK-based apparel retailer, is another prime example of a combination of an online store, a mobile app, and a retail outlet. Its employees serve the same customers both offline and online. For example, if the product is out of stock, the buyer can use the “Seek & Send” service, and e
In the article called “Development of a telephone-based intervention for support persons to help smokers quit” the authors use scientific literature throughout the text. Most frequently the references to additional resources are found in the introduction of the paper, this is done with the purpose of a deeper explanation of the explored subject and introduction of the problem researched in the work. Referring to the results and information found in other researches the authors connect their work with a variety of previous studies, support their argument and the choice of research subject with qualitative and quantitative data, and evidence found by other scholars within previous years. Further, the additional literature is used in such sections of the paper as “Methods”, “Measures and Statistics” and “Discussion”. In the introduction section, the literature is mainly used to outline the problem. The authors refer to previous studies in order to point pot what aspects of intervention for smokers were more and less successful, and which approaches showed inconsistent results. Besides, the literature is used to present the approach to intervention treatment for smokers chosen by the authors of this article, and how the research has developed previously. Moreover, the authors employ literature to outline the theory that served as the basis for the research (social-cognitive theory). As a result, the readers are introduced to the hypothesis explored by the authors further in the paper. In the section called “Methods,” literature is used to mention intervention models and principles applied in the paper. In the section named “Measures and Statistics” literature use emphasizes the measuring scale along with the results of the prior research. In the discussion, the authors refer to the previous study in order to compare the current research with it. In the article under analysis, literature is used to introduce the problem, it is very noticeable in the introduction section where the authors refer to additional sources almost in every other sentence. Besides, the literature is used to outline the problems revealed during the course of the previous studies and provides directions for further research and hypotheses. Prior research is often mentioned to provide a comparison with the present study which is natural as any new paper is based on the findings of the previous studies (Analyzing and Evaluating the Use of Literature, 2013). The authors clearly state that the research of self-help intervention treatments for smokers is the central subject of the research. They also mention that the problem addressed within the study is the efficiency of telephone-based training sessions for support persons of smokers. The paper clearly describes the participants, methods of research, and data collection. Moreover, the research clearly summarizes key results, which makes the paper a research paper with a distinct subject, a theory, empirical research, and evaluation of the results. This approach matches the five stages of literature
Nowadays globalized businesses offer a broad range of similar products and services throughout the world adapting or standardizing them to local markets. This paper is aimed at the review of concepts associated with the international marketing, in particular, standardization, adaptation, multi-domestic, global, and transnational strategies resulting in the case analysis of Roy Choi’s restaurant empire and Xiaomi company and recommendations for their international expansion. In the international marketing, marketing principles and functions persist, but they possess some characteristic features connected with different national, cultural and other peculiarities of foreign markets. According to Herbig, there are two types of the global expansion: the international marketing standardization (globalization) and adaptation (glocalization) (31). If the company focuses on the similarity of the characteristics of certain foreign markets while choosing a target market, in this case, the complex of a standardized marketing is developed. Standardization covers goods, advertising, and distribution channels that provide significant cost savings. As a rule, such international marketing is based on the principle of ethnocentrism, in other words, the possibility of using in the foreign markets the same methods as in the home country. In fact, such companies are expanding the national market to international offering a standardized product. For instance, the standardization of advertising is suitable for products associated with widespread habits (Marlboro cigarettes or Beefeater gin that are perceived and remembered literally without words), or with the universal consumer evaluations of their main functional characteristics (shoes or clothing). In addition, analyzing the possibility and necessity of standardization in developing the international marketing, factors that affect the degree of adaptation should be taken into account as adaptation marketing strategies depend on competitive geographic, national, racial, religious, and cultural contexts. The concept of glocalization is based on the characteristics of each national market. Therefore, the adaptation of the marketing to conditions of each market is necessary. This concept is inherent in multinational corporations. Their geocentric orientation pays attention to both similar and distinctive features of foreign markets, whereby the marketing could be adapted, but if appropriate – partially standardized. For example, the promotion of a standardized product might be accompanied by a completely adopted advertising. It is also significant to consider concepts of multi-domestic, global, and transnational strategies. The multi-domestic strategy means the adaptation of a strategic approach to conditions of each country where the company operates (Jeyarathmm 136). The strategy considers significant national differences in cultural, economic, and political environments in different countries along with needs of customers and their habits. This type of strategy is suitable when consumers in the country need only specific products, when
The pollution through fuel use, technology and many other aspects of civilized life has brought about many changes that humanity was not ready for, including a lessening of resources used for energy. But there are many ways to generate energy using clean sources, and one of them is wind power. It is thought to be one of the cleanest ways and has been used for some time (Dell, 2004). Energy is the force that runs everything present in the world. The law of conservation of energy states that no energy can be made out of nothing or destroyed, as it can only be converted. Energy changes states and cannot be produced out of emptiness, as some processes have to take place to bring it out (Lawson, 2001). Due to this fact, humanity must use a source of energy to its advantage, and nature is the one that provides these sources (Niele, 2005). Unfortunately, the planet is seeing a major depletion in natural resources and fossil fuels which are the established source of energy that must be greatly counted, due to the decreasing numbers. The conversion of wind energy into electricity is accomplished through building wind turbines, a simpler way of building windmills and of course ship’s sails. Windmills and sails are u
Collectivization was a policy formulated and adopted by the Soviet Union in the quest to achieve its goal of economic, social, and political growth. Land played a major role in the achievement of this goal of economic growth. Peasant farms were nationalized and committees were formed to oversee the resource generation from this land. This was because small pieces of land could only produce harvest to sustain a few people. Industrialization taking place in the Soviet Union required enough raw material hence, the need for more production in agriculture. Collectivization was a strategy used to achieve more production as the land was big necessitating mechanization. In this event, all the benefits of mechanization were to be achieved for economic growth (Wiesner 220). While collectivization was used in the Soviet Union, Enclosure was a policy adopted in a country like England. The need to provide enough raw materials to the industries demanded more production in agriculture. In the case of enclosure policy, the rich in the society were given incentives to buy all small peasant farms. During this period, the government compelled through taxation to sell their farms to the rich farmers. At the same time, peasants’ farmers who had sold their land provided labor to the mechanized farms, and the government built for them a residential area. Mechanization taking place in agriculture favored the rich who resources to buy machines. All the workforce was to ensure a steady supply of raw materials to the industries. The two policies adopted by different countries were geared towards achieving economic growth. The agrarian and the industrial revolution that had taken place in Europe demanded land policies to ensure a steady supply of raw materials to industries. In conclusion, the two policies affected ownership of land and property creating classes in the society. Works cited Wiesner, Merry. et al. Discovering the Western Past, Volume I: A Look at the Evidence: To 1789 . New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin, 2007. Print.
Introduction The difficulty in defining the theories and processes leading to the formation and evolution of the solar system and our planet lies in restrictions imposed on experimentation. Limited opportunities are explored under the subject of cosmogony, the field which focused on the question: ‘Which processes contributed to the formation of Solar System, as well as how it evolved since its formation?’ Despite the divergence in the ideas and theories on the creation of the Universe, all the scientists agree that the Solar System emerged about 4.500 million years ago (Woolfson 2007). Since that time, the Solar System has undergone substantial changes, both the reversible and the irreversible ones. The introduction of numerous theories and frameworks has provided grounds for discussion in such scientific disciplines as physics, geology, astronomy, and planetary science. The reversible and irreversible processes are fundamental concepts used in studying the origins and processes of the Solar System formation. While considering a reversible change, the system could factually “run backwards so that the past states of the system can be deduced from its present state” (Woolfson 2007, p. 6). For instance, the scientists are aware of the mechanics governing the Earth motion and, therefore, it is possible to imagine the reversal of this motion. In contrast, the irreversible processes imply the impossibility of predicting the events which caused a specific change during the evolution of the universe. Thus, the past state cannot be used to analyze the present state. In order to find out the origins of specific irreversible processes, various models have been initiated to find out whether some of these remind of the current state of the Solar systems. Though the given approach to defining the sequence of processes is quite risky, it is among the most efficient methods in this case. Processes Contributing to the Evolution of the Solar System While studying the theories of the Solar System formation, two major theories can be highlighted – evolutionary and catastrophic (Backman and Seeds 2012). The first one involves gradual processes whereas the second one is connected to specific events that gave rise to creation processes. Despite the fact that many scientists are inclined to use catastrophic theories, evidence demonstrates that all natural processes are more gradual and evolutionary. Therefore, adhering to this theory often excludes the possibility of the unlikely and unpredictable events. With regard to the above-presented opposition, the scientists have introduced the solar nebula theory according to which “…planets form in the rotating disks of gas and dust around young starts” (Backman and Seed 2012, p. 406). The evidence of the proposed theory is strong because of the fact that the planetary system was created in the disk-shaped from. In addition, the Solar nebula t