ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The Battle of Carentan, an important battle during World War II, was fought between the Allied forces and Germany as part of Operation Overlord. This occurred between July 6 and 13, 1944 (Blades, 2019). In Carentan, US ground forces attacked German positions, and paratroopers landed behind enemy lines to take up fire positions. The Allied forces were able to defeat the weaker German defenders after the USAF bombarded the German positions. The combat concluded in American success, and the Americans acquired a footing in Normandy. Carentan, a port city in Normandy, France, is surrounded by wetlands and was recognized as the sole point of entry for the boundary, as well as a crucial strategic area that needed to be captured rapidly in order to move into Normandy territory. The first explosions occurred above the city on June 6th morning (Blades, 2019). It required six days of fierce combat to liberate the city and establish a link between the Utah Beach and Omaha Beach beachheads (temporary zones formed when a military unit arrives at the landing beach by water and begins defending the territory until further reinforcements arrive) (Burney, 2021). The landing site was chosen for a variety of reasons, including the strength of the enemy’s coastal defenses, the distance from British ports, and the radius of action of Allied aircraft since the Allied fleet and landing force required aircraft cover. The plan included destroying the railway line as well as all bridges, but positions were tough to maintain. Several structures that had been evacuated were damaged by naval artillery fire, and both teams suffered significant defeats (Olinski, 2021). Soldiers from the United States and Germany were stationed close enough so that they could hear each other’s conversations and employ edged weapons in battle (Yockelson, 2020). The conflict was ended when American artillery was activated on June 11, 1944, and a vast Allied force moved into Carentan at daybreak on June 12, 1944, while the Germans retreated at night (Yockelson, 2020). During the conflict, inhabitants were left without running water or power, as well as decaying rubbish and dead animals, which filled the air with a horrible odor (Yockelson, 2020). The route to Normandy was cleared after numerous severe fights, and it became one of the essential components of the Allies’ continued progress. This assault, which began in 1944 and was part of Operation Overlord, was one of the pivotal engagements of the Second Front. The military invasion plan known as Operation Overlord was carried out in June and July 1944 in Northwest France by forces from the United States, the United Kingdom, and its allies (Olinski, 2021). The US and British authorities moved forward with preparations for the opening of the second front in Europe after the resolutions of the Tehran Conference of 1943. Beginning in early 1944, United British American headquarters devised a plan to transport British-American forces across the strait by ship. Seize a bridgehead in Normandy and reach the line of the Seine and Loire rivers (Operation Neptune) (Blades, 2019). The city of Carentan was the fi
A review of a peer-reviewed article will be performed. This paper concerns a literature review of a therapeutic journal’s work, one that was published in the recent future. The research (Bemak, 2017) was mainly focused on tackling trauma, as well as finding proper ways of assessing it. In particular, the trauma of migrant people and refugees is brought into consideration, with multiple problems arising from their experience being noted. Authors suppose that the utilization of their multi-stage model can be effective in better handling migrant trauma, an assertion made based on previous research and new approaches. The current paper will seek to analyze this study in further detail, as well as to personally call into question the effectiveness of its methodology in addressing the problem of migrant trauma. The authors of the article are interested in discussing and formulating a proper model for addressing refugee trauma. By overlooking the existing articles on the struggles of migrants, they formulate some of the main points of concern for this vulnerable population, their effect on migrant mental health, and possible way of intervention. Healthcare professionals and counselors are advised to utilize the Multiphase Model (MPM) of Psychotherapy as a good solution to the emerging problem of refugee trauma. The main hypothesis of the work could be assumed to be in two things: first, the fact refugees experience trauma that needs specific and specialized approaches to be properly addressed, and second that the Multiphase Model of Psychotherapy is most effective at meeting the needs of refugees. Both hypotheses are not stated outright but implied through the narrative of the article and the main points it is attempting to make. Part of the literature discussed concerned the different varieties of trauma and difficulty refugees experience, both connected with their previous living conditions and the process of starting a new life. It also discusses such considerations as racism, education, and learning issues, as points of concern that uniquely impact foreign refugees and migrants. The other types of literature authors of the article have reviewed concern the creation and implementation of their therapeutic system for helping refugees. The effectiveness of the program is attributed to its basis on previous trauma-related models, as well as the incorporation of newer research into the process. Since the research article presents a new theoretical framework for treating people with trauma, it has not utilized other people as participants, nor does it have a sample size. No variables, dependent or otherwise, were utilized in the process. The main methodology of this article was, much like its goals, to review available literature in an effort to support its claims with solid evidence. The various types of trauma are noted to e
Arthur Miller is one of the most successful playwrights of the postwar era in the United States. His play Death of a Salesman , first performed in 1949, won the Pulitzer Prize in the same year. It appears that almost every discussion of American drama of the twentieth century includes this play by Miller. It is still performed on the stage worldwide, and people meet it with acclaim, proving that its conflicts are familiar not only to the Americans. The purpose of this paper is to describe the type of sales the main character was occupied with, to analyze social and economic peculiarities of the described period of time and to find out why the main character decided to make a career in sales. The main character of the play is Willy Loman, a sixty-three-year-old man who works as a travelling salesman. Although the author never tells us what exactly Willy sells, it becomes clear that he is very exhausted and disappointed in his current job which cannot lead him to success. The neighborhood where Lomans live also proves that Willy’s hopes and expectations in life failed. Despite his lack of success in sales, Willy believes that fame and fortune is more likely to be reached by someone who is good-looking, claiming that being smart is not enough (Miller 21). He also tends to cheat in his sales asking his lover, a secretary of his client, to help him. This is one of his main traits, and it explains clearly why he was not successful enough in his job. He lies to his wife about the money he made in sales, though it is obvious that the truth will be out as soon as his wife counts his commission. In fact, his commission is barely enough to cover family’s expenses, and he is jealous of more successful salesmen. The story takes place after the Great Depression and the Second World War which greatly influenced the American culture and the business climate in the United States. The Depression was the reason for many people being unemployed and barely having enough to eat that caused some of them, failing to follow the American Dream, commit suicide. It was the time when many people in the United States “felt both that the country had failed them, and that they had failed personally through errors of judgment or insufficient hard work” (Hays 42). Still, the years after the Second World War were in general ones of stability and prosperity for the white middle class. When Miller’s play Death of a Salesman was written and first performed, people still remembered sacrifices of the hard times, but it made them buy new things following the notion of American dream which is one of the major attributes of American culture. It benefited business climate and caused the popularity of such jobs as a travelling salesman that could give some prosperity to an individual and it was the reason Willy had chosen it. His decision to become a travelling salesman can be e
Thesis Statement There is no doubt that Black slavery will go down in history as one of the most shameful periods in European and American history. Just if they were soulless animals, Black Africans used to be rounded up and shipped over to various locations, throughout the world, where they would be required to perform a heavy physical labour, while being often subjected to physical abuse, on the part of their masters. At the time, it was very little known about what it felt like being a slave, among White people, because the overwhelming majority of Black slaves were illiterate, which meant that they simply could not relate their life experiences in the form of literary works. In fact, these slaves were not even considered being humans, in the full sense of this word. Christianity was there to provide an ideological legitimacy for such state of affairs, with Blacks being considered to be the descendants of Ham – cursed to have dark skin and doomed to remain servants forever. Yet, as time went by, more and more Black slaves began to question the moral soundness of the very concept of slavery. Some of them were able to get an education, due to their owners’ progressive socio-political attitudes. It is namely these ‘privileged slaves’, which had provided White people with internal insight onto slavery, for the first time in history. The earliest first-hand account of slavery, written by a former slave in 1789, is assumed to be Olaudah Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa , in which author does not simply describe his life experiences of a person who had been bought and sold numerous times, but also refers to slavery as utterly immoral practice. Even though that many contemporary literary critics point out to the fact that Equiano could not possibly had been born in Africa, as he claims in his book, there can be very little doubt as to his autobiography’s overall authenticity. In its turn, this allows us to refer to The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa as a book of not only a great literary, but also a philosophical value, because in it, author does not simply describe his life experiences, but also analyses them from a truly unique prospective of someone whose mentality has dual subtleties – while being Black on the outside, Equiano considered himself being White on the inside: “I believe there are few events in my life which have not happened to many; it is true the incidents of it are numerous, and, do I consider myself an European” (p. 6). Therefore, we can only agree with Thomas (2000), who in her book suggested that Equiano’s autobiographical book cannot be thought of as being solely the intellectual by-product of Black mentality, simp
The problem of the health of society is very actual in terms of its survival. It is very important to call attention to this issue as the survival of humanity depends on it. With the development of technologies and civilization people, however, have more and more problems with their health. It is the price of development of our civilization. Health problems are connected with worsen environment and conditions of life. One of the most important issues which influence greatly the health of people is food. Modern age can be characterized as the era of harmful products. Fast food, sweets, and chemical additives ruin the health of a person. That is why there is a great number of people suffering from diseases caused by overweight. If things continue to develop in this way in Australia by 2025 close to 80% of people living in this country, including a third of children will suffer from overweight and have serious problems with their health (Obesity in Australia n.d). That is why it is vital to direct all forces to the investigation of this problem and try to find a solution to it. Healthy eating obtains main priority. Obesity influences all spheres of a persons life. It deals not only with health problems. Overweight makes the social life of people more difficult, influencing peoples communication with other members of society, making it more complicated. Persons environment also changes, making him isolated. That is why this issue is one of the most important nowadays, which should be studied and analyzed. On the current stage, people have already recognized its significance and try to create some ways to deal with it. However, there some problems connected with it, as not all people suffering from overweight recognize their problem and want to do something to get rid of it. The great significance of this problem can be demonstrated by some disappointing facts. First of all, it should be said that the series of Australian surveys demonstrate that in near future obesity will be prevalent among children and adults (Haby & Markwick 2008). Increase of BMI (body mass index) is a troubling sign which signalizes people about their problems. It is not just a question of their appearance. It is very important because a great number of deaths is connected to this issue. “In 2009, the standardized death rate for obesity was 0.9 per 100,000 of population, an increase from 0.6 per 100,000 population in 2000.” (Obesity (E66) n.d., para. 2). As can be seen from the data, mortality rate raises, while several obese people raises too. However, this problem is actual not only for Australia. People all over the world suffer from the problem of overweight. Since 1980 the worldwide rate of obese people doubled, and over 200 million men and 300 million women all over the world suffer from this problem (Obesity Trends n.d). This problem can cause such health
Implications of drug and polygraph test Insecurity within organizations in terms of dishonesty has led to organizations turning to the polygraph test as the ultimate way to ensure that employees are honest in their workplaces. Besides, organizations have embarked on drug testing as a way of curbing numerous accidents that arise due to drug use among employees. Drug and polygraph tests may help organizations to improve their profit margin by making sure that employees are honest in their operations and that no accidents or damages occur within the workplaces due to drug use by employees (Giacalone & Greenberg,1997). Nevertheless, the testing has negative implications on organizational culture. One of the negative effects of drug and polygraph testing on the organizational culture is that it kills the spirit of hard work. Most employees perceive the process of drug test like urine collection as demeaning and degrading. Moreover, the move infringes into the employees’ privacy. All workers going through the process are required to share information regarding the drugs they have been prescribed to in the past. This infringement demoralizes employees leading to most of them not committing themselves to organizational goals. Polygraph testing makes employees to develop the feeling that employers do not trust them. In return, their loyalty and commitment to the organization decreases leading to such employees cutting down on the level of their commitment to organizational goals (Jacobs & Justice, 2006). Employee commitment depends on how they relate with their employers. Conducting polygraph test creates the feeling of not being respected and dignified amongst employees. Hence, employees express their dissatisfaction through abdication of duties, which kills the culture of hard work and teamwork within the organization. Balancing the paradox of physical and psychological safety Drug and polygraph testing might have both physical and psychological damages to the employees. For instance, an employee may test positive for a particular drug due to faulty testing equipments. On the other hand, an employee may give incorrect responses during a polygraph testing due to tension, which might affect the respective employees both physically and psychologically (Cascio & Aguinis, 2005). Therefore, to ensure that drug and polygraph testing are productive to an organization, employers should strike a balance in the paradox of physical and psychological safety resulting from drug and polygraph testing. In a bid to avoid chances of innocent employees suffering both physical and psychological damage, employers ought not to take stiff measures based on the polygraph results (Cascio & Aguinis, 2005). Instead, employers ought to incorporate other methods of determining dishonesty within employees like monitoring their movements within the organization and using other employees to identify their dishonest acts. In addition, employers ought to keep the results of polygraph testing private since it might negatively affect the relationship betwee
One of the foremost preconditions for ensuring the effectiveness of an organizational change has traditionally been considered managers’ awareness of what accounts for such change’s dialectics (Ford & Ford, 1994). In other words, it is not only that, in order to be able to design an appropriate strategy for organizational change managers must understand what needs to be done, in technical sense of this word, but also what amounts to the objective prerequisites for such change to be embarked upon, in the first place. In its turn, this usually implies that, prior to designing change-related strategy; managers need to conduct PEST analysis of the whole spectrum of external and internal factors that affect the functioning of an organization. The information, in regards to the challenges currently faced by Flairtex Fashions, contained in the case study, allows us to identify a number of internal and external forces that presuppose the eventual prospect of company’s organizational restructuring:  1. Economic force – from the case study, it appears that the current decrease in Flairtex’s profits has been predetermined by downturn of a domestic textile market and by an increased competition from the East.  2. Technological force – given the fact that, as it appears from the case study, Flairtex has not been particularly enthusiastic about making investments into ensuring the technological adequacy of utilized equipment, it is not particularly surprising that, during the course of last six months, the amount of downtime due to maintenance has been increased by 15%. This resulted in undermining the extent of company’s competitiveness and consequently, established an additional precondition for organizational change to take place.  3. Socio-cultural force – the reading of the case study leaves few doubts as to the fact that the normal functioning of Flairtex Fashions is being negatively affected by a so-called ‘conflict of generations’ be
The documentary “Secrets of the Viking Sword” has lots of terms and concepts related to marketing. They are not openly named or used but it is clear that the concepts existed in the Middle Ages even though people did not give names to them. For example, the concept of the product as the most important part of trade existed at that time. The film tells about a unique Viking sword, which was a very expensive and even valuable product. In fact, product is a very old concept as people started exchanging and then selling products in ancient times. Hence, each thing produced could be regarded as a product. Every warrior who could ‘afford’ it tried to buy or get the sword for his battles. Here comes another concept (price). It does not say how much exactly such a sword cost but it is clear that the price was quite high as not everybody could afford it. It is also clear that the price depended on the quality of the product. Hence, another concept that can be found in the film is the quality of the product. The filmmakers often use such words as properties and characteristics. However, it is clear that they are talking about quality of the product. Of course, just like these days, people wanted to pay for high-quality products. Viking swords were such high-quality products. Hence, there were many ‘customer’ or, in other words, warriors. Of course, the sellers (who were often craftsmen) also used some mous
Introduction In the novel, The Bluest Eye Morrison depicts life and grievances of black women and their self-identity. Morrison’s emphasis on form manifests itself through a conscious framing of the narrative that demands specific interpretations by the reader but also suggests closings and resolutions. Thesis Many black women characters feel they do not meet standards of beauty because of false social values and ideals imposed by “white” community. Main text Morrison portrays that black women characters are considered as common women and never portrayed as beautiful. They represent a homogeneous Black culture from which the author calls materials to construct her fictional worlds. She focuses primarily on the “village” or the “tribe.” Moreover, every minor detail is considered in terms of its effect before it is incorporated in her works. The Morrison goal, then, is the construction of well-wrought ideals of black women that portrays a mythical Afro-American community. The ideals of beauty are based on contrasted characters of a white and black woman. The Bluest Eye develops its dominant themes through the interplay of two narratives: Claudia MacTeer’s rite of passage and the disintegration of Pecola’s life. The novel suggests closure through its exploration of the tragedy of Pecola, mediated within the frame of the Dick-and-Jane story, and its evocation of the marigold symbol to signify Claudia’s passage from ignorance to knowledge. Morrison portrays Claudia” “If I pinched them, their eyes—unlike the crazed glint of the baby doll’s eyes—would fold in pain, and their cry would not be the sound of an icebox door, but a fascinating cry of pain” (34). Cultural domination is seen as a struggle between two competing discourses: a codification of reality whose legitimacy is asserted (the Dick-and-Jane myth), and an alternative (oppositional) representation that challenges and threatens to displace the first (the “real” story of the Breedloves). The novel illustrates concept of the relationship between authoritative and internally persuasive discourses. The Bluest Eye depicts the struggle between two warring factions. The Dick-and-Jane frame has as its referent not only the primer but the cultural values of the dominant society. It is read and deconstructed by the lived experiences of the Breedloves. Juxtapositions of the two narratives not only reinforce the dominant theme of the novel but illuminate the novel’s textual processes. Contrasts between the Dick-and-June world and the “real” world of the Breedloves are structured around several sets of binary oppositions: White/Black, affluence/poverty, desirability/undesirability, order/chaos, valued/ devalued. After Cholly’s rape of Pecola, the disintegration of the Breedlove family, and Pecola’s descent into madness, Claudia reflects on her own narrative and that of Pecola by locating them within the framework. The “truth” of the authoritative discourse is challenged by the internally persuasive discourse. The comfortable home of the Dick-and-Jane myth is contrasted with the squalid living conditions of the Breedloves; the Dick-and-Jane family has its counterpart in the