ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The product selected for analysis is a popular perfume, Hypnosis by Lancôme. This is a unique female product based on a unique combination of Eastern wooded and vanilla timber. The promotion campaign was based on sexual images and passion aimed to attract attention to this product and appeal to customer’s minds. This fermium is sold in beautiful round-shaped bottles. A key aspect of this promotion is to link the brand with the capacity to provide the consumer with an experience that is different from the consumption experience that would normally be expected to occur without exposure to the promotion (see Appendix). Using the gestalt principles, it is possible to say that Lancôme uses two of them: a principle of closure and a principle of figure-ground. A principle of closure is evident in the male’s figure. Potential buyers perceive an incomplete picture as complete imagining a handsome man hypnotized by unique perfumes. The information dimension applies to the promotion’s ability to provide consumers with factual, relevant brand data in a clear and logical manner in such a way that they have greater confidence in their ability to assess the merits of buying the brand after having seen the advertisement. the main problem is that this ad can be differently perceived by global consumers. For instance, in Asian countries with strict religious and moral norms, women buyers can ignore this message and pay no attention to the male figure. On the other hand, sensitivity to details may lead to insensitivity to understanding the total picture. All perceptions are culturally based. However, such systems are more than just rational tools; they contain elements of symbolism and rituals, and particularly so in high-contextual cultures, of course. Symbols are much developed in the Arab world, and Western buyers find themselves negotiating symbolic systems which define quite different realities from those existing in the West. This image will be positively perceived by Western and American buyers used to sexual images and extreme passion in promotion campaigns. They will easily reconstruct the total picture and ‘fill in the blanks’ (Solomon et al 2006, p. 51). Another principle evident in this ad is the principle of figure-ground. This richness of symbols may seem like ‘an invisible wall’ to the outsider, because, like many aspects of culture and its manifestations, symbolic systems exist at an unconscious rather than a conscious level of awareness. When this information changes the experience the consumer has in using (buying/ owning/consuming) the brand, it becomes transformational. Transformation of experience may be a fundamental aspect of human behavior, one which can be used to explain, among other things, the basic forces at
The workplace situation under analysis is the failure of the employees assigned as coaches for the new personnel to carry out effective coaching. As a result, there exists a need for training for the coaches. The questions I would have to ask to design a future program would refer to the desired level of knowledge and skills for the new personnel. Practically, the educational information and the entire training program would have to be organized in several units. Another question could cover the length of the training that the coaches would have to deliver and how to combine it with the other duties of these employees. Also, I would have to identify the skills and features of the coaches required for successful education delivery. Additionally, I would need to ask the new personnel about their needs in terms of coaching for the job and compare the current performance of the coaches with the desired one. Finally, I would have to ask which criteria would indicate the success of the training program f
Introduction Background Information On Monday, May 31 2010, school going children in the United States of America were embarking on their summer holiday marking the close of the school academic year. It was Memorial Day like any other for the school going children. However, this was not the case for one Mrs. Alise Williams. Mrs. Alise’s family woke up to a rude shock after finding their sixteen-year-old son dead in his bedroom. Christian Taylor hanged himself as a result of depression that was caused by bullying that he was subjected to in school. The teenager was a freshman at Grafton High School in Yorktown, and according to his mother, he had complained that he was a victim of bullying in school. The matter had been reported to the authorities at York-Poquosen police department, but after investigations by the police proved that there was no apparent criminal conduct on the part of the accused students, the investigations came to a close. But Mrs. Alise reports that her son’s tormentors continued bullying her son making him commit suicide (Molland, 2010). Christian Taylor is one among the many teenagers in this country who are bullied both within and without school by their peers. According to the Suicide Prevention Resource Center [SPRC] (2011), 32 percent of American students aged between 12 and 18 years reported to be victims of bullying both within and without their school. This was in the 2007-2008 school year. According to SPRC (2011), 21 percent of the students polled reported that they were bullied at least once every month. 10 percent of them said they were bullied at least once per week, while 7 percent were bullied on a daily basis. Scholars such as Carney (2011) are of the view that both victims and perpetrators of this heinous behavior are at risk of committing suicide as compared to their colleagues. This has led to the emergence of a new term within the school and teenage health circles to describe suicide related to bullying. Bullycide is described by Carney (2011) as the form of suicide that is a result of the effects of bullying. This is for example suicide arising from depression that is caused by bullying in school. The proposed study is going to look at the relationship between bullying and teenage suicide in this country. This proposal is going to review relevant literature touching on this issue, summarizing past research which will help in explaining why the proposed study is important. The proposal is going to provide the reader with the methodology that will be adopted in carrying out the study. This will include the sampling technique, data collection method and data analysis. Research Objectives Main Objective The main objective of the proposed study is to examine the relationship between bullying and teenage suicide in the United States of America. Specific objectives  1. Analyze the causes of bullying among teenagers in the country  2. Analyze the effects of bullying among victims, perpetrators and by-standers  3. Analyze the relationship between bullying in school and suicide among teenagers in the United States of A
Boehm, Christopher. (1999). Hierarchy in the forest: The evolution of egalitarian behavior . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. The book examines the origin and evolution of political and social behavior in society. Boehm argues that egalitarianism circumnavigates hierarchy when the forces considered weak in the society combine to dominate the forces considered strong. The author explores the egalitarian, despotic, and formidable traits in man through bonobo and early mankind society to explain the current conflicting tendencies. Grier, C., Kim, J., & Uchiyama, J. (2006). Beyond affluent foragers: Rethinking hunter-gatherer complexity . Oxford, UK: Oxbow Books. This book examines preconceptions of Paleolithic relics in their raw nature, in terms of diversity to model a foraging life-way, which depicts mankind in different situations. The authors argue that behavioral ecology is responsible for variability in diversity, as an element of the ethnographic view of mankind. Panter-Brick, C., Layton, R., & Rowley-Conwy, P. (2001). Hunter-gatherers: An interdisciplinary perspective . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. This book reviews the biology, ecology, and society in the present and past existence of the hunter-gatherer approach to the socialization of mankind. The authors cover evolution, demography, and language development across diverse groups. Solway, J. (2006). The politics of egalitarianism: Theory and practice . New York, NY: Bergmann Books. This book explains the aspect of indigenous rights and how political colonialism, neo-liberalism, and postcolonial formation of society might affect the pace of cultural change. The author argues that the above concepts have great implications on social evolution and human nature in foraging societies. Diefenbach, T. (2013). Hierarchy in organization: Towards a general theory of hierarchical social systems . New York, NY: Routledge. This book reviews the organizational structure in terms of how the ranks are organized and institutionalized. The author argues that hierarchical social systems are designed to promote the dominance of one group over another. The dominance creates a false sense of acceptable differences due to social ranks. Fein, M. (2012a). Human hierarchies: A general theory . New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Fein (2012) examines the development of human hierarchies from a theoretical perspective. This book examines the creation of human hierarchi
Marketing Strategy This marketing plan will utilize Integrated Marketing Communication strategies. These will entail a combination of both traditional and modern marketing tools to meet the client’s needs. Sophistication and comfort in the Apartments is the main theme in all the marketing tools to be used (JCHS, 2006). Customers need to know about the amenities as well as the utilities they can get in Abberly Village. First, the business will use customer relationship management in order to increase the present tenant’s rate of satisfaction with the Apartments. If these consumers are happy with the services, they will spread the word, and thus cause more customers to use the Apartments. It will also involve the use of the Internet. Abberly Village will employ Google Adwords in order to advertise its business. Google will place Abberly’s advertisements on selected websites that correspond to the target customer’s preferences. Since the Apartments are in South Carolina, the adverts will target all websites that relate to this geographical area. Furthermore, the company will also use direct mailing. It will purchase services from a mailing list service called InfoUSA. This organization will offer Abberly demographic details about its target client base. Through direct mailing services, Abberly will inform clients about its lucrative offerings. The company will do this through four-by-six postcards targeted at the individuals within Abberly’s niche. Lastly, this marketing plan will use direct selling (McDonald, 2010). Some agents will carry models of Abberly Village Apartments that they will show clients. Additionally, they will take clients around for viewing. Mission As a marketing firm, this organization exists in order to offer customers the essential tools needed to become successful in the real estate industry. This company focuses on establishing strong partnerships with the clientele so as to: create a positive image of the firm, boost awareness and increase equity for the brand and products offered by the organization. The company keeps
Creation of business models is a relatively new practice that occurred with the appearance personal computers. Business modeling changed the whole perspective on the projecting and forecasting of various businesses. Before business models started to be formed the process of business planning was quite different. It basically included an intuitive project and expected outcomes which did not always match the reality of the business operation. As money making is a very changeable process, its development depends on multiple factors, it is affected by various influences, most of which can be predicted. This is why business modeling is highly popular these days. A properly created and thought through model of a business includes a variety of aspects that can be changed and the result of each change can be calculated and studied (Magretta, 89). This allows the business managers to be prepared for the situations and impacts of various kinds and always have a plan of actions to avoid negative results or unpredictable consequences. Besides business models provide managers with indicators of efficiency and success of a business, because it includes projects about approximate incomes at every stage of business development. Every part of the business model can be examined and its behaviour under different circumstances can be predicted and planned. This way by means of testing, trying and revising business models can be perfected and altered allowing very important flexibility that is necessary in the rapidly developing business world. To work properly a business model has to be based on a reliable business story. In other words it has to be well-built and take into consideration the mutual agreement of all the participating sides. If at least one of the participants of a business disagrees to play the role they were given, the model will not succeed. Besides, the model’s financial aspect also has to pass a test and be calculated properly and without groundless assumptions. The markets of the contemporary business world are filled with competitors manufacturing the same kinds of products or providing similar services. In order to gain or keep their customers such businesses lower their prices and offer various discounts, but this practice cannot go on for too long because sooner or later the company will reach the absolute bottom of the possible price range. Innovative goods can be easily copied by the competitors so the market quickly turns into
Introduction The United States has been a major supporter of Egypt in terms of economic and military aid for many years.1 The main reason for the US supporting Egypt through trade has been to enhance stability in the region. Moreover, Egypt was a party to the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1979. Given that the United States is a major ally of Israel, supporting Egypt ensures that the peace treaty remains effective. Thus, the key goals of any foreign policy with Egypt will be aiming to foster additional stability in the region for the protection of U.S. interests. The aid to Egypt from the U.S. was $76 billion in the 1948 to 2015 period.2 Some of that amount went directly to the Egyptian military from 1987 to the present. The U.S. Congress must approve the allocations for it to provide aid to Egypt. One condition of the aid placed by Congress was that the funds given must be beneficial to American companies and citizens. Thus, when providing military aid to Egypt, Congress demands that much of the military assistance fund is used to purchase weapons and other defense systems and services from the U.S. defense contractors. Background of U.S. – Egypt relations Egypt regards foreign policy as an important part of its state policy. Thus, the foreign policy of the country has to work in line with the provisions and opportunities presented in its diplomatic and political functions. The country has a strong development agenda; thus, its foreign affairs representatives spend a lot of time and resources wooing international aid and foreign direct investment into the country. The country follows a traditional friendly framework for its approaches to international relationships.3 It uses existing and new relationships with other countries to influence and pursue national interests all over the globe. Therefore, one of the tasks of coming up with relevant U.S. policies for application to the Egyptian case is to have a thorough understanding of the way Egypt treats foreign relations. It is important for this background part of the briefing paper to highlight some features of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1979 because it plays a huge part in the present and future substance of peace in the region. In fact, the 1979 peace treaty ushered a new U.S.-Egyptian relati
Introduction In business organizations, employees are among the most valuable organizational assets and highly determine the overall performance of any business. Many organizations despite having the abilities essential in enhancing performance have slacked due to poor input towards employees concerns. In fact, according to Levesque (2007, p.30) employee satisfaction leads to customer satisfaction. In this line, I suggest that employee motivation is the most essential component in business. Effective HRM (human resource management) is vital for optimally exploiting creativity and accomplishing organizational as well as individual goals. Organizational leadership must ensure appropriate integration of different activities and synchronized functioning focusing on organizational goals. Employee motivation is vital for guaranteeing commitment of human capital to the given goals. The answer to motivation is centered on the integration of individual and organizational goals. Hence, managers have to concentrate on important HRM tasks like planning, development, evaluation and compensation. Evaluation entails performance appraisals, scheduling and recommending. This paper investigates the “good” characteristics of an appraisal system and how the system can be paired with compensation and benefit packages to increase employee motivation. ‘Good’ characteristics of an appraisal framework The success of an appraisal system depends on the involvement of all parties involved. The difference between appraisals and evaluations should be clearly understood by both parties. An evaluation is aimed at objective measurement but an appraisal involves both objective and subjective measurement of employee performance within the period set for review. Therefore, the aim of performance appraisal is feedback, improvement and assessment (Goel, 2008). The process of implementing performance appraisals is centered on three elements: the job, the employee and the environment of the business. Since these elements are interrelated and interdependent, the appraisal system must be individualized, qualitative, subjective, and focused on solving problems in order to be effective. The system should also be founded on clearly defined and measurable values and indicators of employee performance. Because the system appraises performance rather than personality, personality aspects that are not pertinent to performance must be disregarded from the system. Some of the ‘good’ characteristics of an appraisal system include the following: Documented job analysis : the performance goals and job description must be structured, mutually accepted by and documented for both the employees and managers. Reliability and validity ; performance appraisal systems should give reliable, consistent and valid information that an organization can use even in legal ramifications (Goel 2008). If two supervisors are equally qualified to appraise a worker through the same appraisal method, their results should then agree. An apprais
Business strategists’ primary function in companies is their ability to understand competition and create plans to cope with such. The five competitive forces Michael Porter discusses in his article are the threat of new or potential entrants, negotiating power of suppliers, bartering power of customers, threat of substitute products and/ or services and competition among direct rivals. An industry’s structure is characterized by the comprehensive competition of the five forces. These forces also outline the temperament of aggressive interaction within an industry. It is important for company strategists to have a thorough understanding of the five forces in order for them to plan out strategies for the company. In understanding the five competitive forces, the company will be able to “reveal the roots of an industry’s profitability and provide framework for anticipating and influencing competition and profitability” (Porter, 2008). Understanding a given industry’s structure is also essential in the positioning of a company. The industry structure determines the strength of the five forces. Such is characterized by the economy and technological advancement (Porter, 2008). The five forces which shape strategy differ from industry to industry with regards to their configuration. Evaluating and analyzing the five forces may enable companies to understand the challenges present in the industry. The first force is the threat of new players in the industry. The presence of new entrants affects the industry’s prices, costs and rate of investments. “New entrants bring new capacity and desire to gain market share. This force puts a cap on the profit potential of an industry” (Porter, 2008). Entry barriers and the reactions of incumbents determine the competition and profitability of an industry. Industry incumbents have an advantage through the seven entry barriers which are supply-side economies of scale, demand-side benefits of scale, capital requirements, incumbency advantages independent of size, unequal access to distribution channels and restrictive government policy. In planning out company strategies, managers must take into consideration the relationship of entry barriers and potential players’ capabilities. The second force which affects strategy is the power of suppliers where “they try to gain more value for themselves by charging higher prices, limiting quality or services or shifting costs to industry participants” (Porter, 2008). Another force is the power of buyers where customers tend to coerce sellers in lowering product prices, demanding superior quality and services. Customers can influence the increase of costs at the expense of the profitability of an industry. The fourth force is the threat of substitutes. Substitutes can threaten the profitability of an industry for they can act as an alternative when a customers are not satisfied with a given product. Lastly, the rivalry among existing competitors is the fifth force which shapes competition. These rivalries can be manifested in different forms such as price competition, product innovations, marke