ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Evidence-based practice is a crucial approach to finding the best solutions for patient outcomes. In evidence-based decision making, the core role is given to patients’ choices and actions (Ellis, 2016). By using this methodology, medical practitioners are able to find the most efficient ways of treatment their patients. Ellis (2016) emphasizes the role of evidence-based practice by mentioning that not only does it promote patients’ health, but also broadens the nurses’ professional outlook and prepares them for the challenges that are inevitable in their work. A Summary of the Area of Interest Sepsis presents a crucial area of investigation as it is one of the most serious health conditions that may lead to fatal outcomes. Identifying the most efficient ways of diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in elderly patients is crucial because the immune system of this age group is rather weak, and the consequences of untimely diagnosis may be dramatic (Mohajer & Darouiche, 2013). Not only does sepsis cause high levels of morbidity and mortality but it also uses a lot of healthcare resources (Cuthbertson et al., 2013). Therefore, sepsis presents a rather significant area of interest. Research Questions Based on the area of interest, the following research questions may be suggested:  1. What are the possible ways of preventing sepsis?  2. What types of infection may lead to sepsis, and which of them is the most dangerous?  3. What are the most common symptoms of sepsis?  4. What are the risk populations for sepsis?  5. How long can a person live after having been diagnosed with sepsis? To analyze the research questions for feasibility, I considered the possibility of finding an answer to each of them without spending too much time and resources. With the help of Google Scholar search engine, I was able to identify a number of scholarly articles and books containing the data that could be used to answer my research questions. For instance, Bate et al. (2013) investigate some of the ways of sepsis prevention. Shebabi et al. (2014) research the kind of infection causing sepsis. The symptoms of sepsis and other blood infections are discussed in the article by Mohajer and Darouiche (2013). Risk populations, prevalence, and mortality of sepsis are analyzed in the article by Jawad, Lukšić, and Rafnsson (2012). Cuthbertson et al. (2013) discuss the peculiarities of patients’ lives after surviving sepsis. The questions’ feasibility would not be so easily proved if I were to conduct research in a real-life situation to give an answer to them. However, research of scholarly articles is an accessible way of finding answers to the questions. PICOT Question The preliminary PICOT question is, what is the effect of sepsis recovery time in elderly population compared to the young adults?   * P – Population: elderly patients of a rehab unit diagnosed with sepsis   * I – Intervention: screening the patients by utilizing Meditech/SIRs tool (system inflammation response)   * C – Comparison: young adult patients of a rehab unit diagnosed wi
Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire) was a French philosopher and a writer. Voltaire was born in the year 1694 in Paris. As a young boy, Voltaire received his education at the Jesuit school between the years 1704 and 1711. At the school, Voltaire learned Latin, Greek, English, and Spanish. Between the years 1711 and 1713, Voltaire studied law while working as a secretary in Paris. Later on, Voltaire quitted the law school, and concentrated on writing contrary to his father’s wishes. As a writer, he wrote several writings in all major literary fields. It is estimated that he wrote more than 1800 books, 20 000 letters and numerous brochures. Through his works, Voltaire became prominent for his wit and hilarious verses. During the Voltaire’s time, Europe was going through the age of enlightenment. With contribution from various intellectuals, advance knowledge spread across most urban areas in Europe. In spite of the advanced knowledge, it should be noted that stern and suppressive laws with severe consequences
Introduction It is easy to see the effects of cyber-bullying. A schoolgirl running home crying her eyes out and refusing to leave her room is one example. But this is not only restricted to kids. Cyber-bullying can also happen to adults such as the use of the Internet to harass and torment others with harmful words. It is easy to see the effects of cyber-bullying but it is hard to find out who is the bully making it hard for authorities to pin the blame on the perpetrator of a crime and therefore making victims more vulnerable. One of the most helpful ways to ratify a statute against cyber-bullying is the idea that it must be deliberate and repetitive. Based on this fact one can begin the process of developing statutes that can significantly reduce the occurrence of cyber-bullying. There is therefore a need to strengthen laws against cyber-bullying. It has to begin first with an accurate definition of cyber-bullying as well as making it extensive to cover every form and shape of this new type of harassment and psychological attack on others. According to experts, cyber-bullying is the Internet’s version of the schoolyard bully. Instead of having a typical in-your-face verbal taunting and sometimes physical confrontation between bully and victim, cyber-bullying does not require physical force only the ability to send text messages, images, and voice messages through cyberspace so that the intended target will know about it as well as the general public. In the context of a school setting a schoolmate or classmate will send messages that are tantamount to bullying but this time around a group of students can join in and make life extremely difficult for the victim. Dealing with the Web One of the most important facets of cyber-bullying is the fact that the perpetrator of the crime can use different methods to remain virtually invisible and very difficult to track. One researcher was able to put it succinctly when she wrote about the failure of authorities to recognize the nuances and complexities of this crime and she wrote, “…the range of possibilities, the fluidity with which it is possible to move from one form of technology such as email, MSN, Facebook, MySpace, web-blogs, chat room and so on, and the capacity for millions of people to read and participate in various forms of communication…” make cyber-bullying a difficult not only to define but fully understand (Shariff, 2008). Aside from the complex nature of the problem that requires a Herculean effort to master, it must also be stated that cyber-bullying laws will have to be revised on a regular basis in keeping up with changes in technology. Defining Terms According to the Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use (“ CSRIU ”), cyber-bullying is sending or posting “…harmful or cruel text or images using the Internet or other digital communication devices” (CSRIU, 2009). This means that a computer can be use
Introduction The human mind is a very versatile issue; it finds the outlet for the energy, flow of thoughts, and ideas, which can be expressed in a great number of various ways. Thus there are many styles and movements in the art to express different opinions, develop various techniques, and depict certain images and landscapes. Period Thereby I would like to tell you about the movement of baroque, which from my point of view is one of the most magnificent, pompous, sublime, gorgeous, bizarre and pretentious. “Baroque was born in Italy, and later adopted in France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain. The word “baroque” was first applied to the art of the period from the late 1500s to the late 1700s, by critics in the late nineteen century. Baroque covers a wide range of styles and artists” (“Baroque: Main Representatives” 1). Region The style of Baroque was spread all over the European continent in different expressions of art from 1590 and until the beginning of the eighteenth century. The expressions of art representing this very movement had little differences within European national art, though there were some features in common. Baroque artists used a great number of different techniques to involve the observer in the picture, into the sphere of grotesque compositions and rich ornaments. While observing the picture which represents the Baroque style a person appears in the other world full of graceful angels, antique gods, and godlike creatures. The images are depicted in some movements; every gesture seems to possess a specific meaning; the angels persistently invite the observer to have a closer look and to understand the magnificent world of kings and queens. Painting According to the dictionary article, the Baroque means something “of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a style of artistic expression prevalent especially in the 17th century that is marked generally by the use of complex forms, bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition of contrasting elements often conveying a sense of drama, movement, and tension; characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance” (“Baroque” 1). Thus the basic peculiarity of the whole movement was important for its effect of spontaneous experience, gestures, and dynamism of the depicted picturesque scenery. “The baroque, as an epoch of interesting contrasts and perhaps many times one of bad taste (individualism and traditionalism, inquisitive authority and unsteadying freedom, mysticism and sensualism, theology and superstition, war and commerce, geometry and capriciousness), was not the result of multi secular influences on a country whose character they shaped, nor did it result from influences that irradiated from one country that was supposedly endowed with such characteristics upon others related to in” (Maravall 12-13). I believe such a description gives the fullest definition of the baroque as a style and represents it both as epoch and as style. Thus the epoch from the late s
This paper will endeavor to compare as well as contrast two pieces by two writers from very different cultures – Chinese and Negro. The focus will be on Jing-Mei’s mother in Two Kinds by Amy Tan and Mama Younger in A Raisin In The Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. A background of Amy Tan’s life follows: “Amy Tan was born in America (Oakland, California) in 1952 to Chinese immigrant parents. The clash of values and sensibilities between first and second-generation people of Chinese heritage who have immigrated to America has been one of her constant preoccupations.” Ms. Tan was born to parents who wanted her to be a doctor, a most demanding but prestigious career. Her talents, however, lay in other fields. Her teenage high school life which she deemed “tumultuous” was spent in Switzerland, after which she went back to America. She enrolled in college at Linfield College in Melville, Oregon, and later graduated from San Jose, California. In the 1980’s she entered the business world as a business consultant as well as a business writer. She debuted as a fiction writer in 1985 when her first story, “Endgame” was published. Since then, Ms. Tan has met with great success, winning her, considerable fame and financial gain. Two Kinds, the story to be analyzed in this paper is the last story in the second of four sections of her successful first book, The Joy Luck Club. This novel has been made into a play shown all over the world and translated into several languages. The following is about our other author, Lorraine Hansberry. She was born on May 19, 1930, in Chicago, USA. The youngest child of well-to-do parents, Carl and Nannie Perry Hansberry. The couple was independent and politically active Republicans who, at Lorraine’s birth wrote “Black” instead of “Negro’ in the Hospital which the couple Records, a testament to the Afrocentric ideology which the couple bequeathed to their brood. Hansberry’s father was a successful businessman, having established one of the first black savings banks in Chicago. Politically active at all times, he challenged a Supreme Court decision against integration, winning the right to buy a residence in an exclusive Chicago neighborhood that formerly excluded colored people. Hansberry remembers her mother’s standing guard with a loaded gun to protect her family from the violence incurred by racism. Hansberry enrolled at the University of Wisconsin but did not graduate there. Her growing interest in the arts led her to attend the Art Institute of Chicago, Roosevelt College, and the New School of Social Research in New York. She also studied art in Guadalajara, Mexico. Later she became a staff member of Paul Robson’s Freedom Magazine, Jean Carey bond says of her: “Her brief sojourn was, in one of its dimensions, a study in pure style. Born into material comfort
Introduction One of the most notable aspects of what account for the essence of economic realities in today’s world is the fact that, as time goes on, more and more of the so-called multinational corporations (MNCs) decide in favor of pursuing the policy of internalization. The mentioned tendency, on the part of MNCs, appears fully justified, because there are a number of good reasons to believe that, by making an entrance into the previously unexplored markets, these corporations will be able to sharpen their competitive edges rather substantially. In this paper, I will explore the validity of the above-stated at length, in regards to what account for the qualitative aspects of how Apple Inc. strives to inflate its niche in the Australian market of IT-related products and services. Analysis of the company’s market entry Before moving on to discuss what could be considered the most appropriate internalization-strategy, on the part of Apple Australia, we will need to provide insights into both: what account for the company’s corporate strengths/weaknesses and what can be considered the main characteristics of Australia’s business-climate in the field of IT. Apple Inc. is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of personal computers/mobile communication devices and a developer of software applications. The company’s most well-known products include Macintosh (Mac) computers, iPad, iPhone, iPod, and Apple TV, as well as the OS X and iOS operating systems. As of 2013, Apple’s net-sales accounted for $14.4 billion. At the end of the fiscal year 2013, Apple announced that its annual revenues amounted to $170,910 million. It is being estimated that, as of 2013, the company’s market capitalization has reached staggering $430 billion. As of the same year, the number of the company’s full-time employees was announced to account for 72.000. Being a true MNC, Apple currently operates in 14 countries, with the overall number of its fully functional retail stores accounting for 425 (Apple Inc. 2014). Ever since having expanded into the Australian IT-market, the company was able to secure the status of being the country’s second largest vendor of IT-products/services. As of the end of 2012, the amount of the locally-generated revenues, on the part of Apple Australia, was estimated to be as large as $6 billion. There are now 18 Apple retail stores in Australia, with the number of the locally based employees accounting for 2,600 (External 2013). Now, we will need to identify the main qualitative aspects of the concerned country’s business-climate, in order to be able to gain an insight into what could be considered the most circumstantially appropriate internalization-approach, on
Introduction Children tend to contextualize different environments and create meaning to series of thought patterns and meaning to different events they interact with. The term meaning-making revolves around creativity in interpretation of the events by a child as an active agent, who is influenced by the cultural and social interaction with different objects and people (Curtis & Carter, 2013). Therefore, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly observe a child’s play patterns, interests, and interactions with family/community members, in an attempt to learn more about how a minor makes sense of his or her world. Specifically, the treatise will attempt to review the ways I observed a three years old female child construct her meaning of life, role of community or family members in the meaning-making. The paper also examines the role played by things such as toys, books, and computer in the child’s meaning-making. Besides, the paper reviews the impact of popular culture or digital technology in the child’s world. Finally, the paper will relate the above aspects to existing literature and course readings by providing visual evidence in the form of drawings, pictures, and other relevant artifacts. Ways I Observed a Child Construct His or Her Meaning of Life Through surveillance of children in the school and home environment, I observed the child under case study construct the meaning of her life through engagement in different activities such as painting, drawing, singings, and playing in the school environment. In the home environment, the case study child was active in communication through gestures and touching everything within her vicinity. In the school environment, I observed the child create a sketch of her family with the male in the picture holding the female by hand. In another sketch, the child sketched the picture of her mother holding a pot in what appeared like a kitchen setting. On inquiry, the child informed me that the picture is that of her mother who loves cooking and cleaning the house. Within the school setting, I also observed the case study child run and sing in cycle with a group of three other children and they were using hand gestures and tonal variation in what I was told by her teacher is a game. In this game, the case study child was put in the center of the circle and her play mates would pronounce random words depicting different types of objects in the different settings. The case study child was expected to accurately tell others the location of these objects. For instance, when a playmate shouted orange tree, the case study child was expected to respond by stating that the location was orchard within the shortest time possible or she would be replaced. The cycle continued for different drawings, pictures, and colors In the home setting, the case study child was very active. The child was very close to her mother and was attempting to do everything she was doing. When the mother was cleaning the ho
Introduction Organizational changes and financial turbulence are the main reasons for both voluntary and involuntary employee turnover in any organization. If a company wishes to recruit a raw candidate, it has to spend a lot on recruiting, training, placing and employing that new candidate into its workforce. If such trained recruits and well experienced personnel leave the organisation, the organisation would loose heavily both financially and administratively. The main cornerstone of any organisation is its high performing employees. If such high performing employees started to leave the organisation, then it signals some warning sign that the organisation is in bad weather. Further, there exists negative kinship between turnover and performance and employee turnover seems to be the major conclusive evidence , signalling that high paid employees would less likely to desert than low paid employees.{ Hong & Chao 2007:217). If an organisation is frequently looses high paid employees , then it has to invest more on training , rehiring and employing new recruits in their position. However, attrition by low paid employees may not hamper the growth of an organisation as it will easily recruit new employees in their place and these low paid employees may not be bestowing to the fulfilment of an organisation’s vision and mission. What is employee turnover? Employee turnover is a serious ben
Abstract “Pompes Disease” remains one of the most perilous diseases in the society. It is caused by mutation of the acid-α-glucosidase (GAA) gene on chromosome 19 which results in the formation of impaired mRNA. Due to the condition, lysosomes cannot hydrolyze glycogen leading to accumulation of glycogen to toxic levels within the cells. The main challenge in treating the disease lies in the manner in which it rapidly progresses and the high rates of mortality associated with it. The disease is genetically influenced and results in interference with the glycogen metabolism in lysosomes of affected animals. The disease affects a wide range of mammals including human beings, cattle, cats, dogs, and mice among others. The prevalence of the disease varies among human beings depending on their ethnicity and geographical location. In cattle, the disease has been noted to be more prevalent among the Brahman and Shorthorn breeds. The paper analyzes Pompes disease and discusses some of the available treatment options that have been used to treat the disease. Keywords : Pompes disease, gene therapy, Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT), acid-α-glucosidase, and GAA. Introduction Pompes disease was named after Joannes C. Pompe, a Dutch pathologist who discovered and reported it in 1932. During his research, he noted that the disease caused continuous muscle weakness in a seven months old patient who eventually died due to cardiac hypertrophy at the age of eight months. In 1954, G. T. Cori classified Pompes disease as a glycogen type II storage disease based on her works on glycogen catalytic metabolism. The disease was recognized as a genetic disorder in 1963 after a series of scientific studies were conducted and determined that the disease could be linked to an inheritable kind of deficiency in the acid-α-glucosidase (GAA) gene. The disease is inheritable and arises due to insufficient acid-α-glucosidase (GAA). The disease affects a wide range of mammals and it has been identified among human beings, cats, and dogs among others. In cattle, the disease has been identified to have a relatively high prevalence among the Brahman and Shorthorn breeds. Acid-α-glucosidase (GAA) is responsible for breaking down glycogen into glucose and hence providing energy in muscle cells. The insufficiency of GAA results in accumulation of glycogen in the lysosomes and cytoplasm of the affected animals. This results in swelling and eventually rupturing of the lysosomes, and alteration of the structures of the mitochondria. Various treatment approaches have been tried before and the earliest attempt at treating the disease involved bone marrow transplant, even though it was not successful. In recent