ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
An information system can be described as all operations, activities, and resources that are involved in gathering relevant information, using and also distributing them to other users (Boynton, 1993). Good knowledge is gained when proper information systems are put in place within an organization. Proper management of knowledge can contribute to the greater enhancement of dynamic capabilities of any organization (Bushong, 2003). It is therefore very important for organizations especially business organizations to find ways of getting the latest information that can make them improve on their activities. An organization should be able to change its processes and activities with changing environments to remain relevant in the market. An important aspect that is closely related to information systems is organizational dynamic capabilities. The dynamic capability of an organization can simply be described as the ability of an organization to change its operations and activities to conform to the requirements of a changing environment (Jarvenpaa & Leidner, 1998). Dynamic capabilities of a business firm can make it adopt and fully use new process approaches that can make its products to be more competitive in the market. It can also make a business firm change or increase the use of certain resources if the use of such resources is going to make the business firm sustain its operations and even make higher profits. All these are only possible within an organization if proper information systems are put in place. Studies have shown that business firms that are in constant search for information about their services and products are likely to have competitive advantages over those that do rely on outdated information systems (King & Tucci, 2002). A positive move in the current business world is the introduction of modern information technologies. The use of modern information technology (IT) is being adopted by most business organizations as a way of improving their information systems. Modern IT makes the gathering, processing, and distribution of information to be faster than they were over a decade ago (Mendelson, 2000). For example, business people can now carry out their business transactions faster by sending instant messages to their customers using computers. At the same time, customers can also request goods and services from business individuals or firms just by sending short messages using the internet. Some business documents can also be sent to recipients using the internet and thus modern information systems have made most business transactions to be faster than they were before the improvement o
Introduction The U.S. healthcare system is one of the most complex and overburdened in the world, making it highly demanding to both its workers and users. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has released a report in 2010 called The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health , which proposed a multi-level solution to the long-standing issues within the system. This essay analyzes the key objectives outlined by the IOM, discusses their current and potential impact, and analyzes their implications for the future. Main body The report begins with an outline of four critical moments that must be resolved in order to achieve substantial progress. The IOM proposed to expand the role of nurses with consideration of emerging social developments, innovative technologies, and treatment methods (Institute of Medicine, 2010). The organization also called for improvements in the education of nursing personnel and the promotion of higher degrees in this field (Institute of Medicine, 2010). Nursing must also be put into focus when developing new treatments (Institute of Medicine, 2010). Overall involvement of nursing personnel in healthcare must be increased via innovative leadership practices to boost the quality of care (Institute of Medicine, 2010). These objectives are essential for the nursing practice since they allow personnel to resolve shortages of staffing or knowledge and be more efficient in general. The report calls for significant changes in the educational processes for the preparation of higher-quality nurses. The statistics reveal that there is an increased percentage of nursing personnel with Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) degrees (Palatnik, 2016). BSN-prepared nurses can perform more complex tasks, as their knowledge can enable them to assess a situation properly. However, the more important fact is that BSN provides the most optimal amount of time spent on education to prepare an employee with a sufficient level of knowledge to provide a meaningful contribution to treatment (Institute of Medicine, 2010). It also gives a nurse more opportunities in terms of career and specializations, as the knowledge of BSN is broad enough to be applied in varied settings (Institute of Medicine, 2010). Due to this analysis, there is a noticeable increase in the number of nurses with higher degrees, yet the percentage set by the IoM is far from being reached (Palatnik, 2016). There is a need to provide additional incentives, such as monetary benefits and easier access to continuous education for nurses, if the country aims to fulfill the IOM’s vision of the U.S. healthcare system (Rekha, 2020). BSNs can provide a stable foundation for the changes proposed by the IOM. As the population grows older and more diverse, new challenges that were out of the scope of study of nurses in the recent past continue to appear. The expected growth of these groups will put excessive pressure on the healthcare system, which will collapse without the support of nursing personn
Introduction Students’ adjustment to novel social and academic settings is an urgent modern problem. This is because the professional career and personal development of future specialists largely depend on the success of the adaptation process. First-year students are the most vulnerable in this regard. At the initial stage of their studies, they are faced with many difficult life situations that can lead to stress. According to Schofield et al. (2016), these include a change of residence and the separation from their familiar environment, the comparative freedom of student life, and increased mental and physical stress. Therefore, this research aims to examine newcomers’ social connectedness and personality traits, including conscientiousness, as related factors of psychological stress in the adaptation process in the first year of university studies. Social connectedness is an essential aspect of the successful adaptation of first-year students and the reduction of their stress levels. Nguyen et al. (2019) affirm that social bonds are a predictor of depression among college students and acculturation stress among international students. International students leaving their country to study in a completely new environment lose touch with their past connections. These losses pose a threat to the student’s mental health and also contribute to the development of depression. Thus, the construction of social relations in everyday communication is one of the critical tasks of students’ socialization, which helps reduce the stress level of newcomers. Social connectedness is of particular importance in the context of the widespread introduction of restrictive measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It forced students to study from home through virtual online platforms, which damaged their social connections. Al-Kumaim et al. (2021) state that when students find themselves in an unfamiliar environment, when former social connections are lost and new ones have not yet been built, they endure stress and poor mental health. Moreover, according to Craig et al. (2020), women show significantly higher depression, anxiety, social phobias, and PTSD symptoms than men in isolation associated with COVID-19. In turn, Ellis et al. (2020) found that stress among students in the COVID-19 context was associated with greater loneliness, while those who spent more time with their family had fewer symptoms of mental illness. Therefore, in the conditions of isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of social connectedness for freshmen students is actualized. One of the critical aspects of overcoming stress by first-year students is their personality traits. In this regard,
The Benefits of Regional Integration European Union (EU) is one of the integration bloc found in France. EU is a profitable and political union with many states in Europe. EU has developed a single market with rules and regulations that govern all the member states. According to Gibb and Michalak (2000), the EU in France has developed a single market that allows free movement of goods, services, people, and capital, where it maintains common policies on trade. Traders and firms are able to move to other countries for trade. EU is also represented by the United Nations – other countries in the EU in Europe include Italy and Belgium. In France, the regional integration between the country and others has benefited the traders, especially in agriculture sector because there is increase in production and high quality of life for farmers. They have provided stable markets and affordable prices because of price controls for consumers. Trade between France and other countries in Europe that are in the regional trade agreement has improved education. EU has supported programmes such as the Erasmus programme, a university syllabus which started in 1980’s. This programme has supported many university students. They encourage knowledge and learning in education in other countries while offering equal degrees with the same standards. The EU in Europe has promoted use and knowledge of many languages. When France citizens trade in other countries, they are able to engage in other languages other than their mother tongue. Different cultures have been integrated that allows movement of workers within these European countries which are members of the European Union. Therefore, as a member of EU, France has a wider selection of goods and services from different nations at lower tariffs. According to Bliss (2004), integrations allow small economies to collect their resources and enables local firms to get into larger markets. This has increased the economic growth in France and has brought additional trade, improved quality of goods, and more imports and exports. Integration has also made good international relations because of the integrated market while also promoting good channels of communication. The Negative Aspects of Regional Integration Although regional integration’s aim is to improve the economic status of the countries in the EU union, not all the participants achieve the same benefits. Problems arise especially when determining whether participants have equal say according to the set policies. Some of the states appear to be more powerful than others. Barnard (2007) argues that economic disruptions in some of the countries cause unequal distribution of resources with some states becoming the net recipients and others becoming the net lenders. Some of the countries may not benefit because more focus is on the affected countries. France and other big states often complain about
Introduction Genders do differ, and people should accept this factor to create a society free from stereotypes and prejudiced attitudes. Today, one can observe the rise of the ideas of tolerance and equality that can be taken as one of the central forces directing the evolution of communities, shaping the international discourse, and preconditioning the appearance of various civil movements and concepts. All these ideas have an important goal, which is to eliminate any forms of discrimination and cultivate an environment where representatives of all genders, cultures, races, and religions will be able to communicate free. However, in an attempt to reconsider stereotypical patterns that had been relevant for a longer period of history, activists create the basis for the emergence of another problem as the natural boundary between genders, which comes from the anatomical and physiological differences, starts to disappear, and it is dangerous for the future generations. There are fundamental differences in males’ and females’ bodies that precondition the existence of various behaviors, aggression levels and patterns, and sexualities serving a basis for the beneficial partnership and gender relations. Background Prior to the analysis of the given problem, it is critical to create the background for debates and outline the position that will be offered in the paper. The main argument is that the leading cause of the difference in genders is human nature and anatomy, which precondition the existence of specific mechanisms in males and females to guarantee their survival. However, it does not mean that they should serve as the factor promoting discrimination or emphasizing the superior or inferior character of one gender or another. On the contrary, and in accordance with modern ideas, all individuals should enjoy the same level of respect and a tolerant attitude regardless of any possible factors. At the same time, the environment of this sort can be created only with the correct understanding of people’s physiology and peculiarities of behaviors. The topicality of the selected issue can be proven by the existence of multiple research papers devoted to it. The majority of researchers are united in the opinion that the presence of gender differences should not be disregarded, and its significance cannot be intentionally reduced as it might create a dangerous precedent resulting in the collapse of society (Bjorkvist, 2018; Freeman et al., 2017). Thus, one of the first visible differences is adherence to various behavioral patterns in daily living. Bjorkvist (2018) assumes that it mainly comes from the existence of specific mentalities peculiar to males and females that had been formed for centuries under the impact of both social and physiological factors and preconditioned the appearance of various spheres of interests, occupations, desires, and goals. Due to the continuous evolution process, humanity has elaborated patterns that became the most effective measures to survive and reproduce. That is why we can still observe critical discrepancies between men and women. Aggression For instance, aggression is one of the first factors
Modern researchers vary in their opinions on the most effective leadership styles and approaches to becoming role models for other people. By studying the activity of prominent activists of the past and the key prerequisites to their success, it is possible to learn more about the art of leading others. This essay is devoted to the diverse leadership experiences of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the underlying beliefs guiding this person’s behaviors. Summary The leader analyzed in this paper is Martin Luther King, Jr., a famous American activist who contributed to African Americans’ struggle for civil rights and desegregation. His leadership traits can be analyzed concerning two organizations because he stood at the origins of the Montgomery Improvement Association and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Garrow, 2015; SCLC, n.d.). The most important points learned so far include this person’s ability to express political needs using religious terms and his readiness to take risks to reach the goal. Alignment to Universal Principles of Leadership Bearing responsibility for other people’s actions has never been an easy task, and some principles are expected to be strictly observed by effective leaders. As one of the most prominent religious and civil rights leaders of the twentieth century, King, Jr. paid close attention to such values as responsibility, integrity, compassion, and forgiveness. As for responsibility, according to the man’s confessions, his extent of accountability increased together with the growth of his popularity among the Black Christian population (Garrow, 2015). In his practice, he demonstrated both responsibility and compassion by encouraging his followers to fight for the cause of justice without the use of physical aggression (Garrow, 2015). It was because he understood that violence would cause more violence instead of positive results for the oppressed social groups. Regarding integrity, King, Jr. was committed to his principles and wanted his followers to do the same. For instance, as a deeply religious person, he supported the ideas of non-violent resistance consistently and never departed from his words (Garrow, 2015). Modern researchers list fidelity to principles among the basic things making King, Jr. an effective representative of the soft leadership style (Rao, 2017). Finally, speaking about forgiveness, he demonstrated this quality many times, including the case when Mr. Fields, one of his former colleagues, accused MIA led by Martin of misappropriating the received funds (Garrow, 2015). When Fields offered an excuse in public, King, Jr. accepted his apology and, despite the crowd’s resentment, asked everyone to forgive the man (Garrow, 2015). Therefore, judging from this person’s leadership decisions and approaches to communication with followers, Martin Luther King, Jr. adhered to the principles of effective leading. Bases of Power
Introduction In the recent past, geographers and scholars have applied various concepts related to networks and place making as they strive to comprehend and explain the current political processes and communal transformation. One of those geographers is Doreen Massey. Her concept of ‘global sense of place’ has had a substantial impact on how people construe the issue of place development. Having understood Massey’s concept, the discussion in this paper will relate her concept to the question of place development and especially, the issue on how to increase social as well as economic development of an ethnically divided community. In the discussion, it will be noted that all the place-descriptions observed by the disparate domestic actors represents a particular ‘global sense of place’, although the results of this method of place-making still remains complex to seize empirically. Analysis of Doreen Massey’s concept of a ‘global sense of place’ By comparing ideas from personal surveillance and conceptual assessment, Massey comprehensively addresses issues relating to globalisation as well as time-space solidity. In an article that is often cited by various geographers and scholars, Massey introduces a different understanding of place that includes globalisation in a constructive manner. In explanation, she contradicts previous concepts developed by David Harvey as well as other Marxists who often portrayed the negative effects of globalisation. Massey globalised Kilburn Hill Street in North London and observed how various domestic ideas could be viewed as an expression of domestically interacting ‘global’ developments as well as flows (Massey 1991). From her observation, she infers that place ought to be considered as dynamic domestic and international, social as well as economic relations. Although she concurs that there is an element of specificity in place made of certain collections of social connections, she asserts that factors such transformation human behaviours and relations with a foreign culture can actually affect a given place. According to Massey, a community is not made up of individuals who reside close to each other but instead it is composed of persons who have similar interests or challenges. In comparing the relationship between geography and social connections, Massey asserts that individuals who live in a particular area are likely to share views and challenges with people residing in other areas in the world, foreigners (Massey 1991). Massey concept has raised various debates as scholars try to understand how global can be seen as locally-based as well as how one can construe that, in relation to the meaning of place. One of the commonly debated issues involves places with ethnically dispa
The discussion of global problems, including those of the environment, is frequent in modern society. Climate changes, air pollution, global warming, and natural resource control are the burning environmental factors that have to be analyzed by authorities at international, national, and local levels. One of the well-known attempts to contribute to the solution of environmental concerns of the 2000s was the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Copenhagen. During this meeting, the representatives of various nations around the globe discussed the relationship between climate change and human society, also known as a silent crisis (Global Humanitarian Forum, 2009). In this paper, the basic assumptions of the silent crisis, its evidence, and challenges will be described to clarify the motifs of industrialized countries to push effective solutions and mitigate existing critics. There are many supporters and opponents of the need to investigate a current climate situation. The events of Copenhagen proved that many nations are ready to take some steps, enhance negotiations, remove unnecessary machinations that resist global development, and solve the environmental and humanitarian silent crisis. Summaries of Sources One of the main goals of this essay is to elaborate on the material taken from three sources and underline the most significant points about the worth of international relations in terms of environmental concerns. There are many credible articles, books, and reports where global warming is analyzed. In this paper, attention will be paid to the report by the Global Humanitarian Forum and two online articles written by Anne Petermann for Z Magazine and John Vidal for The Guardian . According to the Global Humanitarian Forum (2009), “climate change already has a severe human impact today”, and this issue requires “urgent attention” (p. 2). Vidal (2009) focused on the outcomes of the Copenhagen climate talks and the roles of developed and developing countries in the climate improvement process. The intention of Petermann (2010) was to describe different aspects of the meeting and define the frames of the climate crisis. All these readings contain interesting facts and details to design the dimensions of the environmental and social factors in communication that occurs at a global level. As soon as the first details about the United Nations (UN) agreement became available to the world, new doubts and concerns occurred. Many developing countries and those who were challenged but did not participate in the creation of the Copenhagen Accord reacted furiously (Vidal, 2009). Petermann (2010) recognized the contributions of Indigenous people in the criticism of the Accord as they said about the inability of rich people to respect and understand the sacredness of the Earth. Vidal (2009) said about the promoted inequality between rich and developing countries and the permitted levels of carbon emissions for different