ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Nurse practitioners (NP) are at the frontline of the provision of care to patients. The recent empowerment of these healthcare professionals facilitates the development of the American healthcare system as nurses are engaged in various aspects of clinical practice, as well as administrative and scholarly incentives. Nurse practitioners in Missouri still have certain boundaries to overcome, but they also need to master numerous competencies to provide care within the scope of their practice (Missouri State Board of Nursing, 2017). The major national nurse practitioner organizations, as well as smaller ones (state institutions), have created detailed guidelines that can be followed at different levels to ensure the delivery of patient-centered care. This professional development plan includes a brief description of the scope of practice of nurses in Missouri, as well as some competencies nurses should have to provide high-quality care. APN Scope of Practice The state of Missouri allows restricted NP practice, which implies the supervision of a nurse’s practice by another healthcare professional. Without such supervision, nurse practitioners in Missouri cannot diagnose, interpret tests, develop treatments, or prescribe medications (American Association of Nurse Practitioners [AANP], 2018). In this state, nurses receive Registered Nurse (RN) license and can be recognized as Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) if they have the corresponding educational background (Missouri State Board of Nursing, 2017). The recognized APRNs obtain a Document of Recognition that authorizes these professionals to work in Missouri healthcare facilities. APRN education is grounded on national certification requirements and should include at least 500 hours of clinical practice conducted under the supervision of a health provider. The recognition process of APRN is implemented by nationally approved certification organizations that specialize in specific areas such as midwifery or critical care. APRNs, who had a pharmacology course and have at least 300 hours of preceptorship, need to collaborate with a physician. When an APRN has, at least, 1,000 hours of experience, this healthcare practitioner can apply for prescriptive authority. Nurse Practitioner (NONPF) Core Competencies The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) listed a number of competencies enabling nurses to perform the necessary tasks successfully and achieve continuing growth in their clinical practice. One of the competencies I see as my strength is a scientific foundation competency. I always try to translate “research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes” (National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties [NONPF], 2014, p. 2). I believe that the use of the most recent strategies and techniques in nurses’ daily activities can contribute to the development of nursing practice. I tend to review the most recent peer-reviewed articles, and other rep
Introduction It should be noted that the automobile industry is one of the most competitive ones and each manufacturer aims to bring value to its customers. Nissan, as well as its competitors, faced natural disasters several years ago; however, Nissan was able to recover much quicker than the rivals were. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the way effective operations management empowered the company to recover rapidly. Generating Value One of the critical components of operations management functions is the production of vehicles that are of high quality but reasonably priced. Also, it enables the company to ensure the rewarding customer experience by furnishing considerate customer care and manufacturing reliable and environmentally friendly cars that correspond with the client’s needs (Schmidt & Simchi-Levi, 2013). Moreover, enterprise cherishes and promotes diversity. The multi-nationality that characterizes its workforce allows meeting the requirements of the diverse markets in which Nissan functions. To achieve a competitive edge, Nissan has decentralized the supply chain structure. At the time of the natural disasters, the company was already prepared to mitigate the possible disruptions through strong central control and coordination (Hill, Hult, Wickramasekera, Liesch, & Mackenzie, 2016). This strategy enabled the enterprise to recover from the crisis faster than the rivals and bring value to the clients rapidly. As stated by the company CEO, “most of the steps we have taken in response to the March 11 disaster have been continuations of strategies priorities and plans that were already in place” (Schmidt & Simchi-Levi, 2013, p. 7). Therefore, the emergency response strategy was centered on the decentralization of the supply chain. Service operations and manufacturing operations have both similarities and differences. The main distinction lies in the tangibility of the output. In the first case, the output is intangible (for instance, purchasing a vehicle from Nissan and its maintenance). In the second case, operations produce physical goods (for example, car manufacturing). Nissan brings value to the clients by addressing all the customers’ needs so that they do not have to turn to other companies for service provision (Pyzdek & Keller, 2014). The main similarity between the two categories is that labor and location are needed for both of them. Theories and Techniques of Operations Management It should be noted that PERT (Program/Project Management and Review Technique) emphasizes the timeframe and planning. CPM (Critical Path Method) centers on the cost (O’Brien & Plotnick, 2015). In terms of the company under analysis, the first system would be more advantageous since the occurrences that took place were unpredictable. Also, this approach enables determining the minimum amount of time needed to furnish the task as well as the activity in general. Regarding CPM, Nissan could utilize it in everyday occupations or when cu
Abstract Today, chief executive officers (CEOs) refer to their workforce (or human capital) as their organizations’ chief asset. This statement underpins the importance of the concept of human resource in organizations. Human resource planning (HRP) enables an organization to better realize its goals by ensuring that it makes efficient and effective use of its human capital. Today’s workforce is characteristically ambitious and hence, volatile. Rosenberg (n.d.) reiterates that employees switch careers an approximated three times in their working life. Even with this change in the nature of the workforce employer, employee and customer demands and expectations remain the same. In addition to these, organizations are competing immensely for high quality talent and are at the same time investing heavily in acquiring and retaining it as these is crucial in meeting business objectives and goals. Thus, HR managers have an additional task, which is HRP that is instrumental in dealing with the element of uncertainty as it pertains to an employee’s future. From an organization’s point of view a translation of HRP is making good use of an employee while he/she is in the organization’s hands. Yan et al (2009) reiterates that an organization’s workforce (or human capital) is a valuable asset. A robust human capital is a critical success factor in ensuring that the expectations of customers are met, which is the key to positive financial performance. Realizing such a robust human capital requires a sound and strategic HR policy, which ensures that an organization recruits the best expertise available and makes the best use of it for as long as it can. Forecasting an organization’s current and future financial needs and HRP are core units of such an HR policy. HRP is according to Dessler (2001, p. 24) the process of “anticipating future demand for staff, allocating different kinds of staff within organisations, and developing systems for calculating human resource requirements based on accurate records and forecasting techniques”. What HRP does is that it facilitates the effective use of an organization’s human capital. It does this by ensuring that the right personnel are working at the right place and at the right moment. Forecasting an organization’s current and future HR needs involves using either a quantitative approach or a qualitative one. The quantitative approach to forecasting an organization HR needs involves numerical quantification of employees by use of statistical and mathematical procedures. By grouping the resultant numerical entities into applicable groups it is possible to determine HR e
Introduction Mass communication plays a very important role in modern society. According to Hackley (2014), the mass media has been tasked with the role of educating, informing, and entertaining. They shape public opinion. It is for this reason that the business community has come to value mass communication as a way of promoting their brand and products in a given target market. Leslie (2004) says that mass communication and advertising have a standard code of ethics that they need to follow to ensure that they uphold values and principles within society. They need to understand that society looks upon them to ensure they get educated and informed. The kind of messages they present to the audience, how they present these messages, and how such messages influence society, especially teenagers and young adults is very important. In this paper, the researcher will review ethical issues in mass communication and advertising. Ethical Issues in Mass Communication and Advertising According to Biagi (2016), media ethics differs from media laws and regulations. Sometimes the two are closely tied together that it becomes almost impossible to separate them. Media ethics are the moral obligations that media stations have when presenting their content to the public. These moral obligations may be specified in the media law or not, but they are the responsibilities that media stations have towards their audience. The following are some of the primary ethical issues that mass communication and advertising need to observe in modern society where media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion. Truthfulness According to Leslie (2004), mass communication and advertising must uphold the principle of truthfulness at all times. According to Hackley (2014), mass communication is trusted by the public to provide information that is very accurate based on what they observe. Whether it is the issue of politics, socio-economic, science, or cultural factors, the public looks upon mass communication for the right information. Through mass communication, the public gets to be convinced over various issues that matter a lot to their life. If the content presented to them lacks truthfulness, then the public is denied the opportunity to make rational decisions based on the realities that exist. They get to be misled by such untruthful content and may end up acting from a point of ignorance. Advertisers are often keen to promote their products to their target audience. Given that every other firm is advertising its products on the same platforms, what often matters is the value that each produ
Introduction Antwone Fisher is a film that portrays how the negative effects foster parenting can have on the psychology of a child. The childhood bad experiences of Antwone during his foster care are sexual abuse, rejection, and harsh treatment that were beyond his tolerance limit, although he severely endured. Even though Antwone endured these bad experiences at his tender age, it came to haunts and disturbs him later into his adulthood to the extent of fighting his fellow military men in the navy due to the outburst of pent-up feelings in him. To recover from this state, a psychiatrist helped him to overcome and forget his past life. Did the foster care system fail Antwone? How? Could the same thing happen today? What could be done to improve the foster care system today? The foster system failed Antwone because they shifted him from a foster home he had innocently believed and enjoyed to be his birth family and take him into another foster family at the age of two years when he was mature enough to realize he was in a foster family. To make the matter worse, he spends many years at the foster family while under abuse without any concern of the foster care system (Karten, Para. 2). Since the current foster care system is still prone to child abuses, the following reforms can need to improve it:  1. Setting proper standards in which every foster home is required to comply.  2. Streamlining the foster system to enhance the efficiency of coordination between private and public agencies  3. Mass education to change the perceived negative attitudes about the foster system  4. Assessment and real-time monitoring of the foster care homes and families  5. Extension of home foster care into federal adoption  6. Allocation of more resources  7. Efficient documentation and updating of records Describe at least two significant things that happened to Antwone while in foster care with the Tates. What was the impact of them on him as a child and as an adult? The childhood bad experiences of Antwone during the care of his foster mother Tates include sexual abuse by her daughter, harsh treatment, and eventually exiled from the foster home by Tates. These abuses were beyond his tolerance limit forcing him to endure, thus affecting him psychologically. Even though Antwone endured these bad experiences during his tender age, the experiences came to haunt and disturb him later into his a
Abstract Zappos.com is the largest online shoe retailer in America and it is owned by Amazon.com. The company is based in Henderson, Nevada. It was founded in 1999 by Nick Swinmurn. 1n 2009, the company was acquired by Amazon. Tony Hsier is the current CEO. Zappos mission is “to provide the best customer service possible”. Its core values are captured by what it refers to as the “ten Commandments”, which employees are supposed to study, internalize, and practice. The company believes that the right corporate culture is the foundation of exceptional customer service. Zappos is a rapidly growing company that is also profitable. It has made a significant contribution to Amazon’s profitability. Since 2005, Amazon had been toying with the idea of starting an online retailer of shoes and that is why it started endless.com. The company, however, decided to acquire Zappos. The decision to acquire Zappos was an inspired one because growth prospects are exceptionally bright under the leadership of Tony Hsier. Zappos is a reputable company to work for. It was listed among the top companies that treat employees well. The company does not only treat employees well, it also it also compensates them handsomely. Employees are trained under a program of continuous self improvement and handed countless other challenges that are motivating. Zappos is involved in number of activities aimed at protecting the environment. The company also provides direct job opportunities to almost 2000 employees and indirectly to hundreds. This is good for the American economy. When many companies in the US are outsourcing jobs to India, Zappos has made the conscious decision to locate its call centre in United States. The company was not hugely affected by the 2007 financial crisis, but it had to offload 5% of its workers at some point. Looking at its revenue figures, Zappos growth has been impressive. This has been due to its commitment to exceptional customer service. Future prospects for the company are significant because it is now a trusted brand. Secondly, almost all of its first customer buyers make repeat purchases. As long Zappos maintain its excellent and innovative customer service, it will continue to gain more market share. Organization and continuity Operational process A company such as Zappos that ships shoes and other accessories to clients once they buy online requires considerable operational processes to be reliable (DiJulius, 2008). For activities to be performed in a standard way, there is a need for operational processes and procedures. Common activities in a firm can be accomplished in several ways, but there that single way that is both cheap and efficient. Documenting operational processes help a firm avoid failures and other costly mistakes. Training new employees includes educating them on ope
Risk and Return Stock prices have an intrinsic risk of varying significantly over time. The treasury bills, that are government bonds, are said to hold negligible or no risk at all. The return on the stocks is directly related to the risk involved. Higher the risk, greater will be the return offered to compensate for that risk. As in the exhibit, the return on treasury bills is very low and constant in any scenario since they hold no risk. Other stocks offer variance in returns in various scenarios. Also, they offer higher return for they bear higher risk. Risk The risk of the stocks is defined by number of factors. Variance (or standard deviation) and beta are most common measures to define risk of individual stocks. “Beta” is defined as the sensitivity of the stock’s return to market rate of return. A beta of 1 means stock moves with market, that of less than 1 means stock is less volatile than market. When Bill asks Mary to lower the beta of her portfolio, he means nothing but to lower the risk. Each individual stock in the portfolio contributes to form the beta of portfolio. Lowering beta of portfolio means lowering the risk attached with portfolio-return when market goes down. Diversification To lower the beta, Mary needs to diversify her portfolio. Diversification means making a combination of high and low risk stocks in the portfolio, such that the overall beta of portfolio is less 1. Diversification is a rational approach of investors all around the world to make a portfolio that offers decent return with minimum risk. This is important to note that not every person likes low risk. Some people are willing to bear greater risk and thus they make a portfolio that may give unusual high returns occasionally. In Mary’s case, since her high tech securities are losing value, she must diversify, so that when high tech securities go down, some other securities in her portfolio go up to nullify the effect. This is called diversification. SML Bill could use Security Market Line to demonstrate how sometimes investors undervalue and overvalue the stocks. Such line is the relation between market risk and returns in different scenarios. SML graphs of individual stocks are plotted. Those that lie above SML (A in diag.) are undervalued because the investor will expect a greater return for the same risk as market. A security plotted below the SML (B) is overvalued because the investor would be accepting less return t han market. Now there is no way to make unusually high returns on stocks. So a broker’s hot tip would be to be rational and diversify, since undervalued are soon priced to such that they lie on SML. Interest Rates If Mary makes a well diversified portfolio, changes in interest rates will not heavily affect the returns. When interest rates go too high, many investors take out money from stocks and invest in fixed income securities. Resultantly market goes down and returns are low. But in a diversified portfolio, that would be compensated by higher returns on treasury bills or other fixed income bonds. Now should one invest all money in fixed income bonds? Answer depends on required retur
Dictionary.com defines trust as “reliance on the integrity, strength, ability, surety, etc., of a person or thing” or “confident expectation of something”. Thompson (2004) explains that trusting a person means that he or she will respect all commitments even though he or she is aware that no one is going to monitor or observe their behavior. By maintaining integrity, a person can ensure that he or she will be able to win the trust of others. Karlsen et al (2008) explain that trust amongst team members makes them more cooperative. Also, trust encourages team members to share relevant information when required and allows them to be influenced by decisions and actions of others. Trust cannot be developed within a day and usually it will take some time to develop. The reasons for not trusting could be various ranging from past bad experience, cultural differences, prejudice, office politics, and many other factors that influence the judgment. This means that the project team put together may not trust each other well enough and it is the duty of the project manager to build and sustain trust amongst team members to ensure that the project runs smoothly and ends up successfully. Trust is essential not only amongst internal project team members but also external people that include the management, clients, vendors, etc. If the management and the client don’t trust that the project manager can handle the project well, then there are bound to be issues on the project. Hence, the project manager needs to build and sustain trust with the management, clients and all other stakeholders involved in the project. One of the keys to building trust is open communication. This means project objectives need to be discussed openly and clearly. Also, any bad news needs to be communicated clearly. So if the project is behind schedule, all stakeholders need to know about it. If more resources are required, the stakeholders need to be made aware of that. If there is little or no participation by stakeholders, then the project sponsor needs to be communicated. Clear and open communication keeping all stakeholders informed and involved appropriately helps people understand that bad news are not being hidden from them and that they can expect honest reports from the project manager. Another important aspect to build trust is to define clear roles and responsibilities of all team members and communicate it to all stakeholders. This ensures that everyone knows what their activities and tasks would be and what their boundaries are. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities a