ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Arguably one of the most epic accomplishments of the 21st century was the invention of the computer and the subsequent creation of computer networks. These two entities have virtually transformed the world as far as information processing and communication are concerned. The interconnection capability of computer systems can arguably be described as the feature, which makes them most versatile and invaluable to their users. This being the case, the network functionality of computing systems has been exploited by organizations and individuals alike as efficient local and global communications became the defining attribute of success. As such, the creation of networks is key to any interconnected computing system. A network may be created that uses cables (fixed connection) or that uses radio waves (wireless network). While fixed Internet networks continue to form the backbone of the communication system, wireless data transmission has become more favored for various reasons. Various forms of wireless technologies have come up to fulfill this role. Nuaymi asserts that WiMAX technology is at the present one of the most promising global telecommunication systems (2). WiMAX emerged as a Broadb
Sensory, working, long-term, and short-term memory are basic human cognitive abilities. Yet, their nature is not completely understood beyond the well-recognized fact that human memory consists of various systems depending on several distinct brain regions. Still, the fractionation of these memory systems is grounded in scanty, insufficient research. One of the compelling subject areas that have been gaining traction in the field of psychology and neuroscience is the impact of age on the human memory systems. This report syntheses evidence from three recent scientific papers to demonstrate that lifespan memory decline cannot be ascribed to a unitary cause but rather stems from diverse determinants. Memory lapses and forgetfulness are some of the most common complaints among senior citizens. Henson et al. (2016) argue against the pre-existing deterministic notion that such decline is linear, pre-programmed, and inevitable regardless of a person’s life choices. The purpose of the research by Henson et al. (2016) was to deepen the understanding of differential aging of the brain on differential patterns of memory loss. According to the scholars, provided the findings are meaningful, they could serve as a valuable contribution to future strategies for age-related memory loss prevention. For their study, Henson et al. (2016) recruited 430 participants between the ages of 18 and 88 years old. They were offered memory tests while their brains were undergoing MRI imaging for GMV (gray matter volumes) and WMI (white matter index) measurements. Interestingly enough, the scholars rejected standardized memory tests that do not make a distinction between three types of memory – associative, item, and priming. The findings demonstrated that age negatively affected the former two types, with the latter being the most resilient to aging effects. However, the three memory factors appeared to have differential sensitivity to age insofar as different contributions from gray- and white matter in the investigated brain regions. Despite the obvious contribution of this paper, it is important to keep in mind the limitations of its design. Henson et al. (2016) admit that the data used for the present research is cross-sectional, in other words, collected at one point in time. Indeed, a longitudinal design might have served the research purposes better as it would be able to capture the changing dynamics and distinguish the true effects of age. Many socioeconomic factors such as nutrition, lifestyle, and culture shape brain health outcomes that persist into old age. To the study’s credit, however, Henson et al. (2016) became the pioneers in memory research that included individuals ages spanning between 18 and 88 years old. This choice is refreshing when contrasted with studies that only focus on comparing younger participants’ (20-30 y.o.) performance to their older counterparts (60-70 y.o.). The logical question that the reader migh
Auditing is one of the most vital functions of accounting in every organization. The function promotes accountability and transparency of financial disclosure. In this case, an audit of the company’s accounting information is to highlight various accounting issues and recommend the most appropriate measures that are in tandem with the requirements of ASPE. Pertaining to the company’s case scenario, accounting issues that have been identified should be handled as follows. The issue of Claims The legal letters did not specify the actual amount for the claims. This, therefore, contravenes the ASPE requirements which provide that all claims should be recorded in the legal letter before presentation to the auditor. The claims and estimations, in this case, are not presented in the financial statements as required by ASPE. The best treatment is to account for all the legal claims by classifying them among the company’s current liabilities in the financial statements. Decision on Ice and Desert Wines Despite the fact that the company’s management has considered the decision to discontinue making desert wines and ice, the two products are evidently the most the most profitable for the organization. As the auditor, my advice to the management is to properly assess the decision due to the fact the two products have higher sales than cash flows for the last three years. Low cash flow is a good indicator of reduced expenditure in investment and other costs incurred during the production of the two products. The decision to sell the production machinery for producing deserts wines and ice qualifies for a hold of sell. The board and the management of the organization have legitimized the intention to sell as required by ASPE. The machinery is therefore available for immediate sale since there is vigorous search for a buyer. Despite the fact that the company can possibly sell the machinery within a year, it has not been reasonably priced as required by ASPE provisions. Under the provisions, the element of depreciation is not recognized for non-current assets that are held for sale. Therefore in this case, the company should price the machinery based on its features such performance. The asset should be revalued at cost of the expected carrying value in comparison to the tag price of sale. In this regard, the quoted price of $ 450,000 is therefore very low. The best deal for SF is to consider selling the machinery to
Like an addict in denial, some 21 st -century folks are trying so hard to prove that they are not dependent on computers. It is a difficult position to defend because computers pervade 21 st -century societies. Computers are no longer limited to desktops and laptops. The basic definition of a computer covers gadgets that use a microchip. This means that a tablet and a smartphone are examples of a computer. With an expanded view of computers, it is easy to say that we are too dependent on them. We are too dependent on computers because it is used for knowledge acquisition, building relationships, and the acquisition of wealth. Those who disagree with the proposition that we are too dependent on computers utilize a defense similar to an alcoholic in denial. An alcoholic ingests alcoholic drinks for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. But when confronted with the problem, he will deny that he has a problem. He will argue he can stop drinking anytime he wants. The same rhetoric can be heard from someone who is addicted to Facebook or computer games. The same line of reasoning can be expected from a businessman who works during weekends using a laptop and smartphone. The same lie can be heard from a housewife who is addicted to online shopping. Overdependence on computers is perceived as a weakness. Therefore, there is a need for a cover-up. Overdependence on computers carries with it the same stigma as alcoholism and drug addiction. This explains the need to overcome our dependence on computers. This also explains the need to deny that a problem exists. However, there is no amount of denial that can erase the problem. There are those who argue that computers are necessary tools, however, they believe that human beings can live without them. Their argument is based on the knowledge that human beings are adaptable. In a time of natural disaster or war, humans have demonstrated their ability to make th
Technology is a concept that has experienced great revolution over the past years. This has grown to have a positive influence in most parts of the world. Interaction with technology has become the daily order for people across the world. Technology has contributed towards the establishment of various communication links across the globe.Children in contemporary society have adopted technology among their top priorities. The contemporary world has thus seen the adoption of various technological aspects such as mobile phones, mobile texting software’s and other texting methods (Johanson par. 1). Teenagers have greatly invested their time and resources in these gadgets which they use to communicate with their friends (Stout par. 3). They have developed unique short languages that they use for texting. These languages are difficult to understand for those who are not accustomed. In her article “Antisocial Networking” Hilary Stout definitely brings into context the various dimensions that networking has taken in children’s lives. She discusses the various ways in which networking has influenced children’s lives, and how they affect relationships with their friends. She compares the various changes that have taken place since the end of technology era of adults to the current era of teenagers. Teenagers greatly rely on networking to stay in touch with each other. This way, they are able to text and talk with each other on various issues that seem relevant. Research shows that with the upgrade in technology there have been various changes in children’s livelihoods (Stout par. 6). There has been great transformation from the face to face interactions to online communication when children communicated without physical interaction. Play has become a rare concept in the lives of modern-day children, and meetings have become almost unacceptable. They have become more oriented on sharing things on social media sites. As the negative aspects, Hilary Stout highlights the concepts of cyber bullying, and exchange of sexually oriented messages. This has increasingly influenced the children’s way of thinking, since they get involved in more negative cyber activities (Johanson par. 2). Through texting children have drifted apart from each other, and they thus do not offer emotional support to their friends. The article mainly propagates that children have greatly been affected in various ways due to networking. Networking has brought up an increased need for emotional and physical connection between children. This affects the relationships that they have as they grow up. Their need to give comfort to their friends has become less effective since they rarely meet their friends face to face. Some researchers have also argued that technology brings teenagers together. This is because they are in constant communication with each other through texts and social media, while other researchers believe that it greatly affects the reasoning level of teenagers. This is because they get influenced by the current trends in technology and some of them become antisocial (Stout par. 8). They become introverts and do not communicate
Enron was one of the largest corporations in the United States before a series of malpractices led to its collapse in 2001. Enron’s corporate culture contributed hugely to its crumbling by creating an environment that encouraged unreliable financial statements, insider trading, and fraud. Enron also collaborated with partners such as banks, auditors, and attorneys to engage in unethical dealings that turned sour, thus leading to the company’s move to file for bankruptcy. Furthermore, Enron’s top executives, including Andrew Fastow, the company’s former Chief Financial Officer, played a crucial part in facilitating questionable accounting practices. With these brief highlights, in addition to exploring ways in which Enron’s organizational culture contributed to its bankruptcy, this paper finds it crucial to identifying the extent to which this company’s partners led to its collapse. As it will be revealed, Enron’s key executives played a significant role in causing financial problems that culminated in its fall. The Contribution of Enron’s Corporate Culture to its Bankruptcy The adoption of a healthy corporate culture leads to the success of an organization. On the other hand, the embracement of toxic organizational customs brings about disaster. According to Soltani (2014), circumstances that prompted Enron to file for bankruptcy in 2001 suggest the existence of a counterproductive corporate culture. The company’s mode of operation disregarded the importance of internal financial controls. According to an article by Morgenson (2017), internal financial controls facilitate the establishment of policies that seek to secure an organization’s assets from getting lost. However, Enron’s corporate culture overlooked the significance of observing accounting practices that would enhance not only the safety of its assets but also the company’s financial performance. This counterproductive corporate culture destabilized the functionality of the controls environment by supporting insider dealings that damaged this organization’s financial performance, a situation that eventually resulted in bankruptcy. This culture ignored various biblical teachings presented in the book of Leviticus concerning the impact of false statements. In particular, Moses, the author of this book, asserts, “You shall not steal, nor deal falsely, nor lie to one another” (Lev. 19: 11 New International Version). As Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Ferrell (2017) reveal, private partnerships organized by Enron’s executives influenced the acquisition of significant debts, the concealment of losses, and the inflation of revenues. Extensive debts incurred by Enron presented the company’s corporate culture as one that had failed to reinforce its financial systems, for instance, by implementing sound policies. As a result, executives saw the need for hiding substantial losses incurred by Enron due to insider dealings and fraudulent activities. The company’s finance department created unreliable financial statements that displayed overstated profits with a view to attracting unsuspecting investors. However, according to the Bible “The Lord detests dishonest scales, but accu
The Matrix , directed and filmed by the Wachowski brothers in 1999, is considered one of the movie classics of the 20th century. It combines innovative and creative action scenes with impressive CGI and a surprisingly deep storyline, which makes one question the reality of the existing world. It draws numerous references to the philosophers of Ancient Greece and Ancient China and takes inspiration from various works of literature, such as George Orwell’s 1984 , Alice in Wonderland , and Ghost in the Shell . Nevertheless, the central piece behind the movie’s storyline is built around a philosophical concept known as Cartesian Skepticism. The purpose of this paper is to explore the philosophical foundation of that theory and see how it is tied to the basis behind The Matrix . What is Cartesian Skepticism? Renee Descartes, a prominent thinker in the Age of Reason, formulated the concept that was later named after him. His idea arose from a 5-minute challenge, which is a theory stating that the world around each and every one of us is only 5 minutes old and that everything, including memories and physical proof, was created by an evil demon with unlimited power to create and destroy. The theory was based on the fact that all five senses that a person uses can be deceived, as they often are in the real world. In order to spot the deception, a person needs to test the sensation in order to reject and confirm it. Based on this premise, Descartes wrote several books, in which he carefully and painstakingly examined each and every thought and belief he had, until eventually finding one basis upon which he could build everything back from the ground up. That basis confirmed his own existence through conscious thought. “I think, therefore, I am” is the legendary aphorism Renee Descartes became known for. The Connection Between Cartesian Skepticism and The Matrix The premise of the movie is taken straight out of Renee Descartes’ original supposition, which states that the world around us is a lie and that it was created by a being with nearly omnipotent power in order to maintain status quo. The choice for Neo in The Matrix is to either accept the illusion as a reality of things or to break out and see how the world actually works. Neo’s journey is the same as that of the philosopher, as both of them dared to examine the reality of their own surroundings. In the case with Neo, the hypothesis is proven right, whereas for Descartes, it was proven wrong. He reconfirmed the reality of his world by deconstructing it and then reconstructing it back, one belief at a time. The Concept of Dream vs. Reality in the Matrix The part where Neo wakes up from his dream inside of a chamber is also related to Descartes’ argument against the reality of things. He compares the world to a dream, which is extremely realistic and impossible to wake up from without the demon allowing you to. He argues that some dreams are capable of effectively fooling all five senses,
Phase I Proposing a New Idea In the twentieth-fist century, wire technology has winded round the Earth, leaving no space for creative ideas and alternative solutions. However, spatial characteristics are becoming more crucial while planning interior or constructing buildings. Imagine a future in which power transfer is carried out without physical conduct. Due to the fact that portable devices and mobility gain momentum among contemporary people, particularly among Generation Z, use of household robots, laptops, cell phones that can be charged without being plugged in, can provide people with freedom of operating those devices everywhere (Hadley n. p.). Hence, people do not have to be afraid of leaving the charger at home because their batteries could be recharged by means of power transmittance via radio waves. There is also a possibility of operating such devices even without batteries. In fact, wireless technology implies transmission of energy from a power source to the object, which needs to be charged. This process is beneficial in case of impossibility to transmit the power via cables. Wireless power transmission differs from wireless communication. As such, the challenges of such technology are also different. Because wireless technology premises
Introduction The ultimate goal of every business is to sell its products to as many customers as possible in order to make high profits. To achieve this goal, businesses employ various strategies, which include advertising, public relations, publicity, and direct salespersons to market their products. This paper will discuss the importance of each of these strategies in the process of marketing a product. Significance of a Salesperson Salespersons make significant contributions to their companies since they possess a variety of values that alternative marketing systems such as e-commerce cannot replace. To begin with, a salesperson is an expert who is well connected in a particular market segment. This enables him to reach out to customers and to identify their needs, thereby creating opportunities for new product development and market share expansion. An effective salesperson is usually likeable and is capable of building strong relationships with customers. The relationships enable customers to identify with the company’s product, thereby increasing the chances of repeat purchases. Salespeople identify important leads that ultimately turn into huge sales. They are passionate about the company’s product and explain its benefits to customers in a manner that creates a lasting emotional impact. It is this personal connection rather than the product or brand that turns potential customers into actual customers. In a nutshell, salespersons are very important since they enable companies to take business away from their competitors. The type of the product being sold determines the significance of the salesperson. For instance, first moving consumer goods (FMCG) such as bread usually do not require a salesperson because the consumers already have adequate knowledge about them. Additionally, the product is so important to the consumer that they have to buy it without being persuaded by a salesperson. However, for a service such as insurance a salesperson is very important because the product is costly, has complicated features, and is often associated with rip-off. In this context, a salesperson is not only needed to explain the benefits of the product, but also to convince customers to purchase it. Expectations of a Salesperson The main expectations of a salesperson include the following. First, a salesperson expects to maintain a high customer satisfaction rate. This helps in reducing customer attrition by improving the loyalty of existing clients. Second, a salesperson expects to maintain a positive and professional attitude. A positive attitude is important to a salesperson since he is bound to experience rejection in the market. A positive attitude provides the motivation to pursue new leads in order to meet sales targets. Third, a salesperson exp