ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
The problem of toxic sites remains unresolved for the United States despite the efforts made to manage the issue. Furthermore, mistakes made in the process of waste disposal affect multiple generations, causing massive changes in the environment and leading to the detriment of public health levels. However, of all the characteristics by which the problem can be described, the fact that its effects cannot be isolated is the most devastating one (Singh 889). By setting clear standards of waste disposal, transparency, and responsibility for companies that produce toxic waste, one will avoid similar instances that have a deleterious effect on public health on local and global levels. The introduction of measures aimed at reducing the number of toxic sites and removing the existing ones as far from residential areas as possible is one of the possible solutions to the issue. Although it does not mitigate the effects that toxic sites have on the environment, health problems such as congenital disabilities and chronic diseases can be adequately managed (Fazzo et al. 107). The proposed change will require shaping the existing standards for waste management and introducing the tools for decontamination of areas that are close to residential ones. The current standards for waste management, in turn, will have to become more rigid and demand greater caution and care from organizations that produce and manage toxic waste. By creating rigid guidelines for transparency and clarity concerning the processes of waste disposal, as well as updating the policies concerning the management of toxic waste, one will be able to prevent situations such as the Love Canal tragedy from happening in the future. As the tragedy of the Love Canal has shown, remaining honest and open about a company’s policies allows preventing an ecological catastrophe, which is why standards for toxic waste management have to be adhered to and shaped respectively. Works Cited Fazzo, L., et al. “Hazardous Waste and Health Impact: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature.” Environmental Health , vol. 16, no. 1, 2017, pp. 107-127. Singh, Kalpana. “E-Waste Management and Public Health: A Scenario of Indian Cities.” International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology , vol. 2, no. 3, 2016, pp. 887-890.
Groundwater Management over the Years Brackish groundwater is one of the major sources of usable water in Kuwait. This source has been exploited for various uses from agriculture and construction to the non-portable household. The groundwater production reached its peak in 2006 and has been declining over the years due to overexploitation (Al-Murad, Uddin, Rashid, Al-Qallaf, & Bushehri, 2017). To sustain the usage of groundwater, the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) has implemented several strategies aimed at preserving this strategic resource. For instance, in the freshwater fields located in Ruadhatain, the government reduced the production rate from 2 MIGDP (9090m 3 /d) to 1 MIGDP (4545m 3 /d) from 1963 to 1967 (Akber, 2018). By the end of 1989, the government further reduced the withdrawal of groundwater to 24 MIG (109,105m 3 ), which is equivalent to 300 m 3 /d. At present, the rate of water production is at 0.5 MIGDP (2275m 3 /d) (Akber, 2018). The reduced production of groundwater over the years is part of the government’s policy on conservation through diversification to other sources. As a result, this strategy has reduced over-dependence on groundwater through the introduction of other sources such as recycled water. Kuwait’s government has also been active in policy legislation to conserve groundwater resources. For instance, since 2011 there has been a consistent reduction in subsidy through a policy aimed at increasing the previously low fixed government prices to reduce the average per capita water consumption (ESRI, 2015). As a result, the maximum consumption per household per day has reduced from 500l/d in 2011 to 430l/d in 2015 (KISR, 2018). Moreover, GIS technology has been integrated to improve Kuwait’s groundwater management. The enterprise GIS is currently used to monitor the upper and lower aquifers. Over the years, the government and private companies have initiated hundreds of groundwater projects following recommendations from groundwater research studies (Al-Zubari, 2016). Through the blending of groundwater with other sources, the government has effectively introduced brackish water distribution through separate pipes to freshwater distribution networks. The network of fresh and brackish water pipes is monitored by the GIS. This strategy has reduced wastage of underground freshwater (Akber, 2018). The government of Kuwait has also been active in designing groundwater utilization schemes targeting the Northern oilfield. For instance, the Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research (KISR) has successfully designed modern groundwater distribution and consumption schedules to optimize utilization while minimizing wastage (KISR,
Health denotes a condition of total physical, psychological, and social welfare and not just the absence of sickness or frailty while fitness represents the capacity to satisfy the requirements of the environment. Regular physical activities and exercises improve both fitness and health (Shephard 803). The terms fitness and health are at times employed interchangeably although there are considerable dissimilarities between them despite their numerous similarities and many points of interaction. Health acts as a general expression that describes the entire condition of an individual. Having good health signifies being free from any infirmity and not experiencing ache or injury (Häkkinen et al. 1). Though it could appear somewhat unclear, having good health does not essentially signify that one is fit, and unlike fitness, health may be affected by factors such as environment and food to mention a few. On the other hand, fitness signifies a determinant of the quantity of physical capacity. Fitness is nearly fully an outcome of activity. Foodstuff and drink definitely may have an impact on one’s fitness. Nevertheless, the major manner of boosting a person’s fitness is through taking part in regular exercises. Improving one’s fitness has been seen to better health in several dissimilar approaches such as in lessening the risk of cardiovascular illnesses, decreasing the chances of contracting most types of cancers, and enhancing a person’s immunity. Though it might appear a matter of semantics, it is vital to distinguish the dissimilarity between fitness and health. Having a good health could be taken as a thing that people do not have full control over (Häkkinen et al. 6). It appears as if one is either fortunate to be in good health or otherwise not. On the contrary, fitness is a thing which people can totally control. Any person can choose to boost his/her fitness by taking part in more of the appropriate forms of exercise. Spirited cardiovascular activity improves fitness. On this note, the more exercises one undertakes, the more fit he/she becomes, and consequently the more he/she can undertake further exercise. Certainly it is not appropriate to overdo it, which could be a manner of causing injuries. Suitable exercising entails just a gradual process of taking a little more every time. Unlike health, one cannot just be fortunate to boost his/her fitness; a person may only improve fitness through working on it. Every person has the alternative of either choosing to boost his/her fitness (and as an extra advantage improve one’s health) or not (Shephard 803). For people who choose to boost their fitness, they need to engage in some activities. Those who choose not to take part in regular exercises have no o
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most complicated and challenging health conditions in elderly people. In 2000, an estimated one million people in the U.S. suffered the symptoms and consequences of this neurodegenerative disorder (Baatile, Langbein, Weaver, Maloney & Jost, 2000). According to Parkinson’s Disease Foundation (2011), approximately ten million people all over the world live with Parkinson’s disease. The risks and incidence of PD increase with age. Much has been written and said about the incidence, prevalence, physical and neurological factors of Parkinson’s disease. Unfortunately, little is known about the emotional and spiritual implications of PD for the quality of life and wellbeing. The future research must focus on the analysis of the spiritual and emotional aspects of Parkinson’s disease and possible ways to improve psychological, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing of elderly people with PD. Parkinson’s Disease (PD): A Brief Overview Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately one million people in the U.S. (Baatile et al, 2000; Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, 2011). “The disease is usually characterized by the following symptoms: impaired gait, bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors, diminished expression, kyphotic posture, seborrhea, and sialorrhea (Baatile et al, 2000, p.529). PD is the disease of elderly people, since its early onset usually happens between 40 and 60 years of age (Baatile et al, 2000). However, one form of PD can be particularly dangerous for teens (Baatile et al, 2000). PD is believed to be caused by the lack of dopamine in the human brain (Baatile et al, 2000). In rare cases, head trauma can trigger the development of PD (Baatile et al, 2000). Scientists were able to identify and describe the genetic factors and predictors of PD, but the exact mechanisms of PD, especially in teens, remain unknown (Baatile et al, 2000). PD is a complex disorder that affects all spheres of life and produces heavy influences on physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing. Given the complexity of the disorder and its effects on patient wellbeing, its physical, neurological, emotional, and spiritual aspects need to be better understood. Parkinson’s Disease: Physical Aspects There is an emerging consensus that physical difficulties, including movement disorders, are a hallmark of PD; they severely reduce individuals’ ability to function and cope with even the simplest physical tasks, for example, walking, turning around, writing, etc. (Morris, 2000). The past years witnessed a rapid growth in professional understanding of movement disorders in PD patients (Morris, 2000). Of these, bradykinesia (reduced speed and amplitude of movements) is the most common physical symptom affecting more than 80% patients with PD (Morris, 2000). Other movement disorders include akinesia, freezing episodes, impaired postural control, tremor, and numerous adaptive responses that manifest through muscle weakness, reduced activ
Introduction Fashion in the world today has become a term highly associated with innovations and creativity. Since early 19 th century, there has been a high demand for new inventions and discoveries in the industry with European countries competing with each other. Science, technological and agricultural innovations were also picking up in Europe. 1 Fashion though not significant viewed at this time was also evolving fast with great innovations be made. The dressing code for both men and women was changing fast. In Paris, the advancements in fashion had started to take a great hold among women. The Parisienne was represented in an extravagance manner in the commercials for French perfumes, the culture of perfumes and fashion created the major representation of the Parisienne and the marketing techniques for aiming Parisienne consumers also portrait the characteristics of the Parisienne. During the last half of the 19 th century, fashion in Paris had developed significantly. At this time, drama was highly accepted and performers and spectators gathered in theaters. This had evoked fashion among performers who would dress different designs for different performances. The drama performance was highly a thing for women. In the late 19 th century, fashion in Paris was evolving with women playing a central part in its development. Although fashion is greatly attributed to creativity and innovation, in Paris it was promoted by the social ties between performers and spectators. Perfume in these days had come to be highly valued among women mostly those who were performers. Advertising and marketing of perfume started to gain recognition in the late 19 th century becoming evident through women. Paris for many years had developed a great interest in the act of performance using drama. Performers and spectators could meet in the context of drama. There was more than just drama as fashions could be used by performers and be seen by spectators. 2 As the 19 th century was coming to the end, many transformations in the media industry represented a significant progress in perfume advertisement. Communication was improving at a faster rate with printing becoming common. Women were changing significantly by taking more complex and recognizable jobs. Women started entering the management world in factories and thus elegance in dressing and perfumes was their way of recognition. Fashion in Paris During the late 19 th century, women started using posters as way of advertising their products. The Parisienne could move through the widened streets holding posters, which advertised perfumes and fashion to pedestrians and businesspersons in the streets 3 . The advertisements during this era were based on the sexploitation of women as well as their objectification. This is shown by some belle époque posters carried by women in the streets representing the seductive Parisienne and showing the power of moving with fashion. During this era the passion for women for higher education, n
The entrance of Bling H2O, considered as a “luxury” bottled water, into the bottle water market has provided a wonderful product to the lovers of bottled water. Initially introduced to a few selected athletes and actors, the product is now available to the public and it would certainly receive a mix of reactions from the consumers in the Australian Market if it were introduced there. Since the Australian market has a tradition of liking to bottled water, therefore, some Australian end-users would purchase it because of its uniqueness and fashionableness. Since the bottled water is not manufactured locally in Australia, some consumers would buy it only for experiencing its taste that is different from the local products. In addition, since the new product in the bottled water market is more about maintaining ones image in the society, the high-spending Australian consumers are expected to receive it positively. Lastly, since Bling H2O is more environmentally friendly than the normal plastic bottles, the environmentally conscious consumers are more likely to purchase it because of this (Australian Bottled Water Institute, 2004). And, maybe, the town of Bundanoon that banned the use of bottled water can reintroduce it if the new product were introduced in the Australian market. On the other hand, some Australian consumers are likely to refuse purchasing the new product. This is because some people usually have a strong sense of ancestral pride in the way they do things; thus, they would not purchase the product since it does not give them a sense of identification and pride as the people of Australia. Nonetheless, this hindrance can be effectively surmounted by carrying out adequate promotional activities to drive away such a notion that some Australians might harbour concerning the new product. As the world’s most expensive bottled water, there are various ethical and social concerns that individuals have regarding Bling H2O. First, people are concerned about its price, which most of them think that is unrealistically high. For example, a 750 milliliter of the product costs about forty to sixty dollars depending on the size and the place where one purchases it and as compared to the normal bottled water that normally costs two to four dollars; the price is beyond the reach of many (Koutsoukis, 2007). Thus, many people are concerned that the manufacturers of the product are using the unethical pricing theory of price skimming to set a relatively high price for the bottled water. In response to this concern, the society can emphasize on the uniqueness of the product, instead of focusing too much on its high price. In designing Bling H2O, the Hollywood guru, Kevin G. Boyd, intended to make a defining statement as the product provides
Introduction The Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Health Centers Construction Act, also known as CMHC Act 1963, led to a high number of community health centers across the United States. In particular, persons with mental illnesses who were receiving treatment in hospitals and institutions were required to move back into their communities. Community health centers ensured that mental illness admissions into state hospital systems could be controlled. Social policy description According to Hartley and Lambert (2002), one of the arguments for the CMHC Act relates to the introduction of community-based care viewed as the most appropriate psychotherapy for persons with mental illnesses. The policy assumes that persons with mental illnesses receive better treatment through cost-effective systems. Besides, a cost-effective system in a community setting would ensure that persons with mental illnesses receive quality care. Traditional psychiatric hospitals could not provide the ideal setting for providing community-based care. The CMHC Act eliminates the institutionalization of health care. In particular, there is a need to guarantee access to quality healthcare as well as costs about the ability of the taxpayer and the private payer. As a result, community-based mental health became necessary through the CMHC Act. Arguments against the CMHC Act relates to the inability to define priority service populations. Several CMHCs failed to take responsibility for the mental health care of patients discharged from state hospitals. The policy could not provide conditions for follow-up care after a patient has been discharged into the community. The most vulnerable persons, majorly the poor, cannot receive quality care through the CMHC Act. As a result, mental illness has been linked to poverty. Policies and practices, therefore, fail to consider the most vulnerable persons in society (Hartley and Lambert, 2002). Policy Impact and Implications Jung & Aguilar (2015) assert that the CMHC Act led to the construction of community health centers that could provide community-based mental illness intervention measures. However, the CMHC Act did not support staffing. Several community mental health centers lacked professionals who could take care of patients with mental illness. Furthermore, operating funds became a major issue in the policy. Several community health centers constructed under the CMHC Act witnessed severe financial challenges in the short-term. Financial challenges made several CMHCs market health care services to patients covered by health insurance while neglecting the poor who cannot afford health insurance. As a result, the CMHC Act failed to meet the need of the needy populations. The CMHC Act also failed to serve low-income persons as well as people with serious and persistent mental illness. Due to resource limitations, CMHCs were overwhelmed by large numbers of patients who could not afford care. In the long-te
The climate change caused by human activities is one of the major challenges facing the planet today. It is regarded as the world’s greatest threat to the environment and human population. Effective mitigation measures are needed to counteract this man-made climate change. Measures developed should rescue the population from the growing effects of the climate change crisis. The direct connection between the climate threats and critical economic situation in the energy industry can be observed. Today, the USA is dependent on the foreign sources of energy to meet the country’s energy needs, and this fact influences the economy negatively. The situation of empowering the country with creating the additional sources of energy can contribute significantly to gaining the definite economic stability and responding to the problem of the climate change. Thus, the threats of the climate change can be overcome with references to resolving the economic crisis with the help of orientation to the new sources of renewable energy, which can be discussed as beneficial from the perspectives of the impact on the environment and saving the costs. The development of the new sources of renewable energy is the first step to diminish the effects of the economic crisis experienced in the country. The orientation to creating new approaches to receive the necessary energy with accentuating the rapid and large investments in the industry can contribute to the economy’s revival in a quick and sustainable way. The accents should be made on replacing the energy technologies that rely on expensive carbon based fuels with up-to-date technologies that use such renewable and sustainable energy as wind, sun, and natural heat of the earth. This measure will give the USA an opportunity to fulfill the Project Independence of producing 100 per cent of its electricity from carbon-free sources, which was proposed by President Nixon thirty five years ago (Gore 302). From this point, the solution of the economic crisis associated with the energy issues is based on developing the effective strategies to use new technologies in creating the renewable energy. The government can propose the nation the effective solutions to the issues of economic crisis, energy crisis, and climate change with references to emphasizing the advantages of the new energy resources. According to Gore, large amounts of energy can be generated with the help of the geothermal hot spots, wind farms located in deserts and using the concentrated solar thermal plants in deserts (Gore 302). Furthermore, the production of electricity from the renewable energy resources such as the sun, wind, and natural heat of the earth is a viable way through which the nation can reduce its carbon emissions. The other promising measures include transporting renewable electricity from the rural areas to the urban areas. This can become possible by planning and constructing a unified national smart grid. In