ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Whistleblowing is an act of external or internal information exposure that is usually performed by the lower-level employees aiming to raise awareness of certain issues, which are deemed unethical, incorrect, or illegal. These staff members are called “whistleblowers” as in correlation with those who blow a whistle, thus alerting people about the danger. Being not a new practice, whistleblowing is still a difficult task for most employees, though many agree that it has a certain impact on the organization’s culture. Cases of whistleblowing, as we call it now, were first registered in the 19 th century, but became the subject of research only in the middle of the 20 th century. In the 1980s, Near and Miceli proposed to define whistleblowing as ‘‘the disclosure by organization members (former or current) of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices under the control of their employers, to persons or organizations that may be able to effect action” (as cited in Pitroff, 2013, p. 400). Today, whistleblowing remains controversial since the community is divided into those who support the idea, and those who consider it as a betrayal. Whistleblowing is agreed to be challenging for many employees. The main reason for this would be the fact that being critical can turn the worker into the object of “victimization” (Hilton, 2016, p. 329). The act of revealing the information undermining the company’s prestige can cause disapproval of colleagues and a “wall of silence and hostility by management” (Drew, 2015, para. 3). This is why employees often find it difficult to blow a whistle. Whistleblowing can affect the culture of an organization both positively and negatively. If the organization management encourages the employees to come forward with something that seems to be a problem, it will likely have positive effects. The relationship of trust and confidence between top management and lower staff has all the chances to lead to positive outcomes and effective performance. Alternatively, if management does not believe in the benefits of the whistle-blowing systems, the latter will not be effective (Pittroff, 2013). Moreover, acknowledging that subordinates can harm the image of the top management, the latter may not interfere in the misconduct at the lower levels and thus protect themselves against “the threat of whistle-blowing” (Friebel & Guriev, 2012, p. 1024). This st
Introduction Carey (2010) describes Cleveland as a city in the United States of America at the Ohio state. It has the highest population compared to all other states. Cleveland city is located on the Northeastern side of Ohio, and on the south of Lake Erie. This city is bordered by the Pennsylvania. The economy of this city is of a diversified nature. The key economic sectors include manufacturing, financial sector services, health sector and medicals. Its’ estimated to have a population of more than 396,815 thus making it to be ranked number forty five in America. The largest population of this city consists of the locals who are known as Clevenders. Problems in this city There are many problems facing this city which have been known for a long period. The city is known for defaulting debts because of depression that has hit the city in the recent past. In some instances, it was ranked as one of the miserable cities in America. The city has been greatly mentioned for its high unemployment rate, high rate of taxes, extreme weather conditions, and grand corruption by many government officials (Carey, 2010). It also has very weak sports teams. Most of these problems have been increasing in the past years. In addition, people have been moving to urban centers at a high rate. Contaminated land also poses as a major problem in the city. Other serious problems that have been experienced are foreclosures and bankruptcy filings in the law courts. On the hand, the ever increasing housing prices continued to aggravate the situation. In fact, the rate of unemployment and inflation in the year 2009 was 12.7% as indicated by annual statistics. Pollution problems are also experienced in this city. Corruption is evidenced by the number of convictions witnessed in this city. Good evidence on the rate of crime is shown by statistics (Carey, 2010). According to Carey (2010), 309 public officials have been convicted of bribery related charges according to the judicial records. There is also abandonment of homes in this city although there is an improvement in this situation. The relevant authorities have been trying to develop ways of reducing the problem of housing in this city. Nevertheless, there are some major achievements that have been made. For example, there are three sports venues in Ohio that are classified as the best the city. Another main achievement is the construction of Cleveland clinic, which is considered to be the largest medical center in the country. It is the largest employer in Ohio. The rate of violent crimes is another serious problem that is experienced in this city. There has been an increase in the number of convicts because of participation in violent crimes. The state of education in this city is terrible. The public schools in this city are failing to prepare the young students for their future. This has made children and parents to flee from the suburbs of the city (Restoring Prosperity, 2010). They move to the cities to look for security and quiet environment. The lead
Abstract Media is a very powerful tool in any society and has the power to influence the public’s decision on important and sometimes very contentious issues. However, of late, the media has resorted to manipulating facts for its own good and that of various powerful persons or entities. Media manipulation occurs all over the world has left everybody confused and helpless because no one can judge whether what is being reported is true or not. The media is taking advantage of the people’s trust in them by hiding and covering the most important news from them and this is unrepresentative and misleading the public on very important issues. The media seems to be the most essential source of information and news but people should choose what to believe and what not to believe. The objective of this paper is to discuss the methods the media use to manipulate facts and what can be done to stop this manipulation by implementing laws that should govern the media. The media should stop being controlled by powerful elites. Media manipulation should be an offence that is punishable by the law so that integrity can once again prevail in the media industry. Introduction Media is the main source of information on news happening in an area, country, and in the international scene. However, many people have repeatedly mentioned that the media manipulates the information it obtains before availing it to their audience. Media manipulation can have many definitions, however, it can generally be defined as the act of making a news item favor a particular interest. It can also be defined as the suppression and omission of information by making the audience to believe or not to believe a story or deviating the audience’s attention on another story instead of the issue at hand. Media manipulation is a powerful tool that is being used by contemporary media organizations to deceive the public and it is very unfortunate that the people with money and who own power are the people controlling the media. Most people in the media industry have constantly claimed that media manipulation of news is inevitable and that most of the perceived manipulations result from human faults, working under deadlines, insufficient printing space, limited financial resources, and the challenge of summarizing a long intricate complex news item into an abridged simple report. I differ with these excuses and instead argue that these are deliberate attempts to hide the truth from the public and if urgent and precarious measures are not put into place, it may reach unmanageable levels. Although the press has to be selective of what it airs, this does not give them an opportunity to favor other people or distort the truth. Media companies ha
Introduction Every poem contains a lot of information in itself even though the sizes of some poems are very small. Poets use symbols to provide the reader with a wider understanding of the poem in most cases. The small size of poems does not allow the poets to describe all they want in simple words, so they use some language decoration to make their poems sound better. The use of different expressive means and stylistic devices makes the poem sound better, leads the vividness and expression in the poem. Main body “Song of Myself” is a poem by Walter Whitman, which seems to be his best work. The author presents the combination of the sermon, biography, and poetic meditation in his “Song of Myself”. The repetitions throughout the whole poem have very important meanings. Repetition, as a technique of argument, substitutes for logical development a growing weight of example, of amplification and exhortation, of inductive repetition rather than deductive thought. Whitman often uses a stanzaic form in his poems. The first line presents a thought or image and the following lines amplify, explain, or parallel that thought or image. The example may be given the 403-430 lines in his “Song of Myself”. Almost at the very beginning, the author uses some different types of repetition: “Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same”. The attentive reader will understand the purpose of such repetition: the author wanted to create a sense of the endlessness of the line and the thought. The next line confirms our guesses: Hoping to cease not till death. (Whitman) The end of the fifth section of the poem is full of repetitions. The whole stanza starts with the conjunction “and” to show the reader the connection with the previous line, with the previous idea: And that a kelson of the creation is love, And limitless are leaves stiff or drooping in the fields, And brown ants in the little wells beneath them, And mossy scabs of
Despite Airtel Money success in African countries, the implementation of this service in India came across a variety of obstacles. For instance, stricter regulations have slowed the transformation of the financial industry in India, especially when it comes to innovations in the payment system. Despite many businesses’ effort to penetrate this market, only a few banks started to control most of the country’s access to financing and non-cash payment methods, which has drastically influenced business operations. It is possible to compare the mCommerce in the two countries to develop a clear understanding of the steps to undertake to make it more successful in India. Similarities and Differences Between the two Countries In general, the introduction of mCommerce services in countries such as India has allowed access to financial instruments for the wider populations (including people with low income as well), who do not always have had the knowledge and the necessary documentation packages for the use of traditional banking services (Moss, Lambert, Majerowicz, 2015). This can be defined as the leading similarity regarding the social and economic elaboration in the developing countries. The introduction of mobile networks and mobile banking applications has enabled paying the bills, fund transferring, and the opportunity of the immediate loan payments (Ranjan & Upadhyay, 2015). Nevertheless, the banks follow the same service model pattern, where all the services are provided remotely without the need for service offices, and along with the reliable mobile applications, which are in particular demand in India. When comparing the Indian and African paths in introducing the service, the first difference that arises is the main user of the service as in the case of India, it was the lower middle class. Then, the Airtel Company did not declare their income from the service in India; thus making their operations not transparent enough, which gave customers clues about certain operation-related difficulties (Ranjan & Upadhyay, 2015). Currently, the mobile payments are at an early stage of development in India, and nearly 90 percent of the population continues to pay bills in cash (Ranjan & Upadhyay, 2015). Moreover, in comparison to African countries, migrants represent a high percentage of the Indian population. This group is claimed to have low awareness of the Airtel Money service notwithstanding its particular significance related to the company’s profit. Despite the financial projections on the Indian market, the unsuited financial structure, poor literacy and low awareness of citizens led to the amiss gateway to the services. Another difference from African countries is the high migration rate of workers from rural areas, which could have emphasized the necessity of mobile money transfer. Since Artel was a well-known brand, they hope
Inter-relatedness of organizational functions  1. The quality of goods or services depends on recruitment and an adequate selection of employees. If employees do not have strong skills to organize work and fulfill their duties, the products or services will be of insufficient quality, which will also affect the company’s reputation.  2. Seasonal increases in demand, such as during the holidays, can force a company to hire more employees. However, in this case, the company employs workers temporarily and, possibly, with a higher salary than in regular seasons. This aspect is because the company needs more employees to meet the demand of customers. Internal Factors The engagement of employees in work cannot be considered without a connection with the turnover. Employees’ engagement means the degree of their loyalty to the company and the desire to fulfill their work more efficiently and actively. If employees do not have an interest in their work, then they are most likely to quit quickly or will perform poorly in their duties, which will force the manager to fire them. Although there are other factors of turnover besides engagement, it is one of the main triggers. Consequently, low engagement lead to higher turnover and the need for constant recruitment and selection of candidates. External Factors Technology affects both the need for hiring employees and this process. First, technology can replace people for simple, automated tasks; for example, computerized systems can create multi-page reports and eliminate the need for hiring an additional employee. Technology also helps employees work more efficiently with their current duties. Secondly, technology simplifies the selection process as a recruiter receives resumes via the Internet from candidates from all over the country or even the world, conducts online tests and online interviews, which saves time. Therefore, technologies help automatically screen-out candidates at the first stages of selection and not waste time reviewing their skills, and at the same time, expand the search area. Inputs, Outputs, and Throughputs Input significantly affects throughput and output, since a poorly or falsely described vacancy or applicant’s skills will interfere with an adequate candidate selection. Throughput also affects the output because the interview and tests demonstrate the characteristics of the company and the applicants, which can be underestimated if the presentation is insufficient. Output is the final result; therefore, it does not affect the recruitment process, but the performance of a new employee in the company depends on it. Feedback Feedback of the internal and external environment is primarily reflected in the turnover and engagement of employees. Precisely, feedback from the external environment is reflected in the productivity of employees, as well as the quality and quantity of goods or services that the company offers. This aspect also reflects on customer satisfaction. Feedback o
Introduction: Plunging into the World of Dystopia The world of dystopia is one of those places that seem to be a result of the fruitful work of one’s imagination, yet conceal a number of innuendoes that become tangible only when being analyzed. Despite the fact that there are considerable differences between the works of Orwell, Huxley and Eliot, the three writers actually draw quite similar pictures of the universe of dystopia, which allows to suggest that the latter is a universal flight of fancy, the place that possesses the common features no matter who the author of another realm of imagination is. Drawing parallels between the creations of the above-mentioned authors, one is likely to find considerable similarities concerning the topics discussed in the novels, the interpretations of the then social problems and the vision of the collapsing future world, as well as the doomed humankind with its regressive development. Indeed, taking a closer look at the issues discussed in the novels, one can see distinctly that four major topics are raised in The Brave New World by Huxley, 1984 by Orwell and The Wasteland by T. C. Eliot – the major creations on the issue of dystopia over the XX century. With their ability to tell the audience “where we are going” (Bloom, 2004, p.8), the authors of the dystopias touch upon a number of issues that used to be topical in the epoch the novels were written, yet somehow manage to remain essential even for the modern world, thus, drawing the literary universe and the reality as close as none of the existing literary genres ever did. Language and Form as Sources of Inspiration Among the most recurrent issues that can be considered the most specific in the novels, the language peculiarities are, perhaps, the most outstanding; referring to the deterioration of the linguistic progress and at the same time putting considerable emphasis on the political state of affairs in the dystopian worlds, each of the books offers an enticing journey into the world of language, its forms and the ways they can be used as an expression of the desperate state that the world was in. Each choosing their own linguistic means to express the immense tension and the fears of the people of the future and the weird, shocking structure of the futuristic reality, the writers collide in their choice of literary means at certain points, which is worth considering as something more than merely a coincidence. Hence, the aforementioned language and forms should be considered closer. It is quite peculiar that both Orwell and Huxley chose the same tool to express the tension and the absurdity of the situation that the people of the future were trapped in, creating the abridged forms of the English language. Short and harsh, they snap and make the most revolting impression. Coining ugly
Kantian Ethics One of the most well-known moral theories in the West is Kantian Ethics. This is a complex theory that was developed by Immanuel Kant provides people with the opportunity to analyze moral issues they face while working. Being a non-consequentialist theory, it is not a person but action-oriented. Still, Kant does not pay much attention to the consequences. He is focused on the intentions people had and their reflection. It is claimed that if one had positive intentions, the action is morally good regardless of the outcomes (Stem 62). For example, if an individual wanted to save a person from the train and unintentionally pushed one at the driving car that just appeared from nowhere, his/her action would be considered as a moral one. Still, if one is motivated to perform a particular action, as it makes a person feel good, it is not a moral action anymore. The issue is that something should be done just because it is the right thing regardless of personal beliefs and can be approached in the same way by different people. Kant believed that morality is something general that is not related to a particular time or place. It should be done from duty but not individual desire. Kant believed that people should base their actions only on those maxims that are universal and follow the pattern: “I will A in C to realize or produce E” (I will do some action in particular circumstances to achieve such outcome) (“Kant’s Moral Philosophy” para. 28). If some contradiction occurs, the maxim cannot be used and applied to all people. In this way, individuals tend to question if there is a possibility of contradiction and if the one who developed a certain maxim would accept it when being used by another person. Kant’s second (humanity) formulation encourages people to treat each other with respect and not to make use of each other because a person is to be valued and not the things he or she can do for you (to profit from) (“Kantian Ethics” para. 34). In this way, if someone conducts an action that fails to meet this formulation, it is considered to be not morally permissible according to Kantian ethics. Still, if the person one seems to use rationally consents to being used (because it is one’s job, for example), the action will be morally permissible. Still, rational consent cannot be applied to everything. Such things as murder or slavery undermine human concepts. Attention should also be paid to the moral rights that are applied to every person and presuppose particular duties. They are driven from our basic rights and do not coincide with the law (Wood 108). Except for that, all rights have a positive and negative conception. The first one presupposes people’s interfering and the second one objects it. For example, when someone is drowning a person can save this individual or not interfere. To find out what is morally good, it is advantageous to consider what rights are at play and what rights would be violated under each conception. All in all, Kant does not clearl