ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Abstract Cultural factors have effects on business organization. There are various cultural factors which affect these organizations. These factors have various influences to the organizations depending on the country in which the organization is, located. Chinese organizations differ with the United States organization, because of difference in culture. This paper has discussed the organizations in both the United States and in China, thus highlighting the differences, and the causes of these differences in terms of culture. Introduction When we talk of cultural influence of organization in any country, we consider the country’s weather, area, environment, history, geographical location among others. The United States and China, are two different countries in different states, thus there is a difference in their business organizations, as a result of cultural influences. The United States is the third largest country in the world, located North American between Mexico and Canada geographically it’s between 3800N and 9700 West. The United States have a long coastline of about 19,924 Kilometers. This has enabled a better business organizations in the country and especially being bordered by Canada and Mexico have been engaging in both domestic and foreign marketing of their goods and services. In China, there are traditions and customs which are not constant and they vary with towns, cities and provinces. China has many cities and provinces, and these were formed based on the various ethnic groups which exist in the country. The ethnicity has lowered the business organizations, unlike the United States, where their states have few groups and the majority having a similar primary ancestry. This has made the United States to be better placed in business organizations compared to China. When we generally talk of culture affecting business, the influence involves a lot. Some of the cultural factors may seem too small, but they contribute a lot to the business organization in terms of management, decisions and business performance. (Hofstede 2001). Despite how much an individual want to involve in business many factors related to culture tends to draw him or her back. To give examples and a better explanation of this, I am going to discuss the various factors necessary in business, and whose application is limited due to culture. Main body Communication which is a way of passing information from one person to another, either using gestures or verbally is one of the factors. A country’s culture can limit its application in business especially where a country’s culture does not allow various people to communicate, when interpreting peoples behavior, can limit one in business practice and performance. The culture can have limits on the capacity at which one can engage and operate a business on conditions that it cannot freely enable one
Summary The article “Multi-Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice of Genetics and Genomics” is the documentation of a research study conducted within the boundaries of genomics in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to establish the integration of genomics into nursing. This concerned the extent of such integration by minority nurses. Specifically, it involved the study of beliefs and traditions that are primary in the integration of genomics information. The article acknowledged the contribution of exploratory studies that have gone a long way in providing information concerning this subject. The study research sought to solve the problem of understanding the educational gaps that exist within minority nurse populations. The study involved a cross-sectional survey that concerned nurses operating under the mandates of the (NCEMNO) National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Nurse Organizations. About the investigation, two phases were employed in data collection. An online survey tool was used to manipulate the study sample. Twenty-seven nurses were featured in the first stage of the survey while three hundred and eighty-nine respondents participated in the Sixty-three survey. The first phase was used to determine the suitability of the survey tool while the main survey led to the collection of the desired data. The survey was specific to the subject of genomics. The determinants studied in this matter included information, beliefs, and traditions that characterize the practice of minority nurses. An important consideration was the fact that these participants hailed from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the results of this study. Nevertheless, chi-sq
Introduction Michael Jenkins theorized (1980) that the entrepreneur can choose the sole proprietorship organization to ensure quickness in terms of business formation and decision making activities. The entrepreneur’s goal is use revenue to reduce poverty (Heavey, 2008). Each business organization has some advantages. In terms of capital, the sole proprietorship is characterized as having the least investment compared to the other types of business endeavors. The partnership is exempt from tax payments; the individual partners are required to include the partnership profits in their individual income returns processing. In addition, the research focuses on both the C Corporation and the S Corporation. The goals and objectives of the business entrepreneur influence the type of organization chosen. Types of Business Organizations Sole Proprietorship Feldman (Feldman, 2007) emphasized that there are some advantages in setting up a sole proprietorship organization. In terms of the law, the owner of the business is singularly responsible for all acts and omissions of the sole proprietorship. The term simply means that there is only one business owner running the entire business operation. The individual or person owns all the assets, liabilities, capital, revenues, expenses, and other expenses of the sole proprietorship. Likewise, the sole proprietorship is the easiest type of organization in terms of compliance with legal policies. In terms of taxation, the sole proprietor is exempted from paying the higher tax rates charged by the Internal Revenue Service covering the S corporation and E organization. The sole proprietor includes the profit generated from the sole proprietorship in the filing of the investors’ income tax returns. In terms of accounting, Stickney (Stickney, 2009) emphasized the sole proprietor receives all the profits as well as expenses and costs generated by the company. This is the easiest organization type to engage in and record in the accounting records. This contention is based on the premise that the sole proprietor has lesser clients or business transactions compared to the partnership organization, S Corporation, and C Corporation. business trans In terms of other implications, Rich (2009) opined the sole proprietor can move faster than the other types of organizations because the sole proprietor is not constrained by the agreements signed by the partners, or incorporators of the business organization. Partnership Denis Clifford (2008) reiterated there are some advantages in setting up a partnership type of business organization. Two or more persons can infuse more money, industry, and other resources in the business when compared to the capital investment of the sole proprietor. In terms of the law, two or more persons can form a partnership. The partners are legal agents authorized to transact in the name of the partnership. The partners can sell, buy, borrow, or close the partnership business any time during the life of the partnership. Consequently, all the other partners, especially the silent, inactive, absent, secret, or dormant partners are bound in the same ma
Strengths The firm’s product is a well known fragrance that is recognized for satisfying customers’ needs in its European target markets. This makes it possible for the firm to implement best practices in the US market to help it increase consumers’ loyalty in its products. However, the firm needs to take note of other products that have a large market share which may not be dislodged from their market position easily. The firm has a strong retail network that gives it an advantage over its competitors (Pastinen, 2010, p. 52). The firm has partnered with several high end franchises that only sell its products, which gives it more market access to high worth customers. However, some of its competitors use department stores that have large retail networks and this helps them sell their products to more consumers. Weaknesses The firm has several weaknesses in the industry. The foreign currency market is volatile and this has weakened the euro to dollar exchange rate. Other local firms which sell their products in Japan and China are also facing the same problem. The firm needs to increase its dollar reserves to help it overcome this risk. Another weakness is that the firm has no experience in the U.S. market and this may not work to its advantage. This makes it difficult for the firm to predict the amount of future earnings it is likely to get while operating in the industry (Armstrong & Kotler, 2011, p. 64). However, this gives it an opportunity to initiate market strategies that help it boost the confidence of its customers. Opportunities In the next six months it is estimated that there will be a reduction in interest rates charged on credit by various lending institutions. This will also benefit other firms which are looking for more funds to expand their operations. The firm needs to put in place proper plans that will help it take advantage of this opportunity. An increase in the number of young consumers who have good incomes is an opportunity the firm needs to exploit in future (Armstrong & Kotler, 2011, p. 67). However, this may not have a positive effect on the firm’s future performance since some of them may prefer substitutes. The firm stands to gain more market share if it engages effectively with them. Threats Existence of counterfeit products which target low income consumers is a threat. These counterfeits mislead customers and they dent consumer confidence in the market. The firm needs to invest in strong trademarks to help it discourage this negative habit. It is projected that taxes and other licence charges will be increased and this will have a negative consequence on the performance of the firm’s products in the market. The firm needs to formulate effective strategies to help it overcome these problems (Porter, 2000, p. 103). Significance of SWOT This tool helps a business firm understand specific issues that are either beneficial or harmful to its operations in the industry it
Introduction Hadrian was Roman emperor, his full name was Publius Ely Adrian. He was born most probably in Italic. In 85, Adrian has lost his father, and his guardian was the future Emperor Trayan, who was relative to him. Hadrian served in the army, together with Trayan took part in Dacia wars. The top position of Hadrian while Trayan ruling was governor of Syria (from 114). In 117 Trayan, who had no children, appointed him his successor. The new emperor continued the policy of Trayan while maintaining friendly relations with the Senate, but the sovereign has created a class of officials recruited from the class of riders. The genuine concern of the ruler of the public interest is sufficiently proved by the fact that most of his reign until 131, he held outside of Rome. Particularly impressive were his trips to the western provinces in 121-123 and the East – in 123 -127 and 128 -131. According to the orders of Hadrian in 121-122 in the north of Britain between Solu Firth and Tayn triple, there was built a wall to protect the country against incursions from the north. This structure, the remnants of which survived, is called the shaft of Hadrian. Hadrian renounced aggressive plans in Mesopotamia, and politics Empire acquired defensive. Strengthened border, many cities developed in accordance with the Public Works Department. Hadrian created the imperial mail. Among the reforms included the abolition of the Institute farm (the collection of taxes on a contract basis) and its replacement by direct taxes, the beginning of the codification of Roman law, as well as the establishment of lawyers standing up of the Imperial Council. Hadrian h
The ability to create and spread vision inside a company is a skill of a true leader, as defined by many employees. In the past, there have been attempts to measure the extent to which leaders could influence the organizational culture. Researchers usually hired professional actors that spoke in front of audiences to study how the emotional expressivity could affect people. However, recent studies have chosen real managers to test their expression styles and the effect they have on employees. Emotional Intelligence There is a theory that links leadership outcomes with emotional intelligence. The claim is that the more emotional competencies a person has, the more he or she is able to influence the audience. For instance, this could be the language used during a presentation or other types of communication. Expressing emotions is thought to create a connection between a speaker and an audience, letting the former translate the ideas and beliefs effectively. In addition, non-verbal communication is also perceived as a powerful tool for creating a vision and defining roles in the working community. This non-verbal communication may include body posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, etc. Visionary Leadership Emotional performance is not the only thing that is important to leaders. They must also translate the appealing and inspiring vision to their audience. The vision, when positively accepted, may enhance performance, cooperation, and behavior of the workers. Thus, visioning may be a measure of the leadership’s effectiveness. However, there has been little research on the actual result of the visionary leadership regarding the organizational change. In fact, the change is something that should be targeted by leaders and promoted among the workers since businesses cannot survive while keeping constantly stable. The number of changes made in an organization may be another factor by which the leadership’s effectiveness is measured. Moreover, emotional expressivity may influence the level of changes made by the visionary leadership. Research The research was conducted to study whether the statements mentioned above were true. Several hundred managers were chosen as interviewees for this research. The criteria included racial and gender diversity, the number of years on the position, and the existence of followers. Four different organizations were chosen, including the health university, the governmental agency, the association of medical colleges, and the leadership development program. The first three groups received questionnaires via e-mails, while the last one was mailed questionnaires for both leaders and their followers
Welding is not the most popular subject to discuss when it goes about shipbuilding, concept cars, the creation of spaceships, or skyscrapers. However, all those constructions would not appear without welding. Welding, which is “the fusion of material by the use of heat,” dates back to the Middle Ages (Andrews, 2016, p. 15). Certainly, contemporary welding technology differs from that used in Ancient Egypt or the civilization of the Middle Ages. This paper aims to discover the history of welding from its creation to the present days. Researchers discover the early examples of welding dating back to the Bronze Age in different locations. There is evidence that already during the Iron Age, people found the way to weld pieces of iron together (“The history of welding,” n.d.). Archeologic findings reveal welding tools that can be probably dated 1000 B.C. Blacksmithing as an art significantly developed during the Middle Ages. For example, iron objects were welded by “heating the objects and hammering them together” (Andrews, 2016, p. 15). However, welding art similar to what is used at present was not invented until the 19th century (“The history of welding,” n.d.). The industrial revolution forced the development of welding. At the beginning of the 19th century, Sir Humphrey Davy introduced gas welding (Andrews, 2016). Later, in 1836, he discovered acetylene gas which is still used today. His another invention that became important for welding was an electric arc which joined two carbon electrodes and used a battery as a power source. Nevertheless, arc welding developed only after the invent
Introduction The word Name can have various meanings depending on the social and the linguistic elements of life. Names are used to identify people or a class depending on the social groups as a result of human interaction. Names like Oprah Winfrey, Nelson Mandela, and David Beckham influence the way people live and interact with others. They will be classified as celebrities depending on the social class assigned by the society. Such celebrities and movies influence our cultures and beliefs through imitation and copying, thus, we deviate from our cultures and adopt the new culture. With time, what once was just a thought or an idea becomes incorporated into our cultures and becomes the way we live. It is through the use of names that we attempt to determine our own future. Language is often used to convey words defining our social and cultural practices. Different regions speak different dialects as a result of cultural practices. It is through languages that we are able to express our cultures. Dr. Johnson once argued: “ If language was invented, it was invented either by children or adults; it could not have been invented by children, because children do not know enough to invent a language; it could not have been invented by adults. Because adults are not pliable enough to learn a language: therefore the appearance of language in the history of mankind has to be due to divine inspiration ” (Fillmore 1976, p.20). It is through cultural practices that names are given. These names describe our personality and who we are. Aspects of personality Most of the time, the names given to us bring about different aspects of our personality. This means that once given a nickname, we tend to act more according to the characters of that name. Brazil is best known for its soccer prowess, thus, most of the time, if one meets an Australian soccer player, the most likely nickname given to him/her will be of a Brazilian footballer. This will portray his personality as a football player comparing him/her to the said player even though he is not from Brazil. A good athlete can also be given a Kenyan nickname to highlight his prowess in running since Kenyans are known to be good athletes. Such nicknames make the person strive to be like the Brazilians when playing soccer or like the Kenyans when running. At times, such nicknames are interpreted differently by different people believing one is a Brazilian or a Kenyan because of his/her nickname. Names often define one’s personality, but they do not give one a different personality or identity. This can be proved by a soccer player like David Beckham. He is famously known for kicking free kicks that curve in their flight towards goal which resulted in the phrase “Bend it like Beckham”. This phrase refers to aspects of his action of scoring goals from his free kicks. The phrase “Bend it like Beckham” describes his personality but cannot give him a different personality. The phrase “Bend it like Beckham” can also be interpreted in various ways. For soccer fans, they will in
Introduction Homer refers to both Odysseus and Penelope as wise. They both showed great wisdom in their own ways. Throughout the novel, both Odysseus and his wife Penelope proved their wisdom. But in order to find which one of them both was wiser than the other, I will discuss both the characters individually. Odysseus Odysseus is a man of great stature. He is an incredibly large and strong individual. Penelope gives all the suitors the test of using Odysseus’ hunting bow to shoot an arrow “through iron ax-helve sockets, twelve inline” (937). They all fail and none of them “can even bend [the hunting bow] enough to string it” (937). When Odysseus is given the test he “in one motion [strings] the bow. Then [slides] his right hand down the cord and [plucks] it, so the taut gut vibrating hummed and sang a swallow’s note” (939). His strength is not even comparable to any of the suitors. After the test of the arrows, Odysseus shouts out to the suitors, “Your last hour has come. You die in blood” (942). He then brutally kills every last one of them, with only the help of his son Telemachus, and the swineherd and cowherd. All of this is a great representation of Odysseus’ strength and power. Odysseus’ size is also apparent when he Many of Odysseus’ traits are honored and respected by the people and society in which he lives. First of all, he’s very clever and resourceful. When trapped by hard situations, he finds a way around them by using his wits. For example, when the Cyclops asks his name he replies, “My name is Nobody: mother, father, and friends, everyone calls me ‘Nohbdy’” (904). He does this in order to trick the Cyclops, so when the Cyclops calls for help, his friends think nobody is harming him and don’t come to his aide. Secondly, Odysseus is an excellent leader. He finds ways to help his men as best he can. Even when he returns to his home in Ithaca twenty years later, many of his men still remember him and respect him. (Brann, 179) When his soldiers discover Odysseus has returned home, they “[throw] their arms around the old soldier, weeping, kissing his head and shoulders” (938). Finally, Odysseus is recognized as a very intelligent man by many people. The gods realize it enough to be willing to help him on his journey. It’s apparent this because Athena is the goddess of wisdom. To summarize, many of Odysseus’ abilities are very useful and well respected by those around him. (Lamberton, 95) During his journey, Odysseus uses what he has learned from his mistakes to return home and kill the suitors. On the island of the Cyclones, and with his encounter with Polyp emus, Odysseus learns that bragging can bring damaging circumstances. On Ithaca Odysseus never brags to the suitors and is able to enter his house without the suitors knowing his real identity. He takes the punishment of Antinous and the other suitors