ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is a lung disease not fully reversible characterized by abnormal breathing caused by chronic obstruction of lung airflow (WHO, 2009). It is also known as “chronic bronchitis” and “emphysema” or a “smoker’s cough”, usually an under-diagnosed and life-threatening (WHO, 2009). A COPD diagnosis is confirmed by a simple test called spirometry. The test measures how deeply a person can breathe and how fast air can move into and out of the lungs. Patients who have symptoms of cough, sputum production, or dyspnea or difficult or labored breathing, and a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease should consider diagnosis (WHO, 2009). In the absence of spirometry, the diagnosis of COPD should be done using all available tools. The clinical symptoms and signs that include abnormal shortness of breath and increased forced expiratory time help with the diagnosis (WHO, 2009). Likewise, a low peak flow is may be associated with COPD, but not always a COPD case but other lung diseases. While chronic cough and sputum production may precede the development of airflow limitation, not all individuals with cough and sputum production go on to develop COPD (WHO, 2009) Discussion COPD is almost always caused by cigarette smoking and medical science has not yet developed cures (ATS, 1995). Treatments, however, are of symptomatic benefit and it is highly suggested that stopping smoking can decrease the rate of deterioration of lung function. In addition, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agents are helpful to many patients although reduction in airway obstruction is generally modest. Oxygen supplement adds length and improves quality of life in severely hypoxemic patients. Gaissert
According to my plan of action, all students have a prominent chance to grasp and decipher the benefits of studying a foreign language. By utilising all the available tools, they overcome hurdles that arise from the study of a foreign language. Students have an opportunity to express themselves and explore their potential in a satisfactory manner. As a qualified teacher, I take immense pride in my ability to inspire and encourage my students in all their undertakings. In particular, I foster confidence in my students by ensuring participation and contribution regardless of their level of understanding. There are several core principles that guide teachers in their quest for success and excellence among students. Such principles include organization, accessibility to students, seriousness, focus, flexibility, and commitment to duty. It is vital for teachers to cultivate and maintain a certain level of flexibility in their approach to class work. Most teachers rely on designated textbooks and class readings in their efforts to deliver lessons to students. On the contrary, I devise innovative methods that accommodate diverse abilities and needs of my students. Such flexibility accords me the confidence and ability to deliver my lessons in an elaborate and confident manner. Technology plays a pivotal role in the process of delivering my lessons. Technology accelerates and promotes assimilation of thoughts and ideas among my students. Besides technology, I offer numerous approaches to the study of a foreign language. The internet exposes students to all realities of Spanish culture. It enables students to savour and sample various aspects of the Spanish cultural orientation. This allows students to cultivate and entrench their understanding with regard to various aspects of the Spanish culture. This approach allows students to understand the contemporary Spanish culture devoid of stereotypes and subjective opinions. Teachers who rely on textbooks offer information that does not reflect the reality on the ground. My students are a testimony of my ability to integrate technology into all practical classroom activities. They appreciate the contribution of technology to their understanding of Spanish language and culture. They also commend the integration of new media avenues into the curriculum. According to them, this makes the curriculum lively and commensurate with current realities in the teaching profession. They cite this as a major source of inspiration in their quest for academic excellence. I enjoy my profession and always strive to uphold a healthy relationship with my students. This demands active and genuine participation by both parties. This bolsters the learning process and ensures delivery in all key areas enshrined in the curriculum. I engage in activities that encourage students to take interest in classroom activities, thereby increasing their reception to lessons. My style of instruction accommodates various strategies that facilitate the learning process. Besides lecturing, I encourage disc
In the highly competitive European automotive market, staying ahead of the competition is an important requirement for business survival. However, from a project management perspective, the changing and unpredictable nature of the business environment has made it difficult for managers to make effective decisions regarding the fulfilment of their market development plans (Pavlínek, 2016). In this context, the goal of project management has been to deliver a company’s objectives within the specified cost, time and scope criterion (Nijhuis, Vrijhoef & Kessels, 2018). Unpredictable market dynamics have made it difficult to achieve these objectives. Furthermore, limited research is available to explain how business analytical tools can be used to understand the impact and effectiveness of strategic management decisions made by key players in the car industry. Particularly, this is true for the European automotive market, which is affected by uncertainties regarding the legal status of trade among European nations, in the wake of the “Brexit” aftermath, and growing uncertainties regarding the state of the global economy (Kalverkamp & Raabe, 2018). Consequently, there is a gap in literature that has made it difficult to accurately understand the effectiveness of strategic decisions made in this environment. This paper is a research proposal to explain how business analysis methods can be used to understand strategic decisions in the European automobile market. The impact of business analysis tools on strategic development will be discussed within the context of risk analysis, quality control, communication effectiveness and project outcome assessments. Additionally, the proposed research will be designed to expose how project management can be used to navigate the aforementioned market uncertainties affecting the automotive industry to meet organisational goals. Therefore, the final assessment will outline the linkage between project management plans and the accomplishment of organisational goals. Background Business analysis is geared towards improving the effectiveness of a company’s use of its resources to accomplish core goals. Therefore, associated tools can be used to develop appropriate plans that will be instrumental in developing solutions for daily problems affecting a business’s operations. Prior to the use of technology-based business analytical tools, companies were confined to the use of generic models of environmental assessment, such as the SWOT analysis, which assesses an organisation’s internal environment by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Companies have also used the PESTLE model to analys
Introduction One of the most intriguing cases, the one of the famous Martha Stewart, offers quite a lot of food for thoughts. With help of the mystery that has been created about the case, the popularity of the celebrity has increased immensely. However, it cannot be denied that Martha suffered greatly, trying to prove her innocence – unfortunately, in vain. Although the guilt of the celebrity has already been proven, it must be admitted that the case, quite complicated and entangled, requires certain clarifications. It seems that there are certain issues that might bring the entire case into conflict and prove that the fault of the convicted was far not that great as the court has emphasized. One of the women known for her TV shows with her recipes for a comfortable life in a cozy house, the superstar of our times is now considered guilty of selling the Erbitux medicine, which resulted in ImClone Systems company suffering certain losses in their trade. Quite a precedent to be discussed in the court, this story could have led to rather sad consequences for the film star. However, as it has turned out, it was not the very issue of selling the medicine in the improper way that turned Martha into the accused – but the improper behavior! This is quite a reason to feel concerned, it seems. On the one hand, there is no doubt that the high standards for the behavior of the world celebrities must be somewhat coordinated, and some standards must be set, yet the accusations themselves seem ridiculous. The Struggle Begins: the Sufferings of the Celebrity Despite all the emotions concerning the social status of the accused and her attempts to plead not guilty, there is no doubt that the woman is to be charged for the negligence of laws. No matter how hard this might result in her career, the case was supposed to be carried on until it had resulted in either conviction or the exoneration. Such are the postulates of the law – it must be kept in mind that all people are equal when it comes to facing the justice, and the social status does not matter in this case. Thus, it is absolutely clear that Martha Stewart, “charged only with lying after the fact about the stock sale” (Turrow 64), should have received the penalty, which she actually did. Therefore, the sentence passed by the jury can be considered well-grounded and completely just. However, certain details must be kept in mind. On the one hand, Martha’s guilt has been proved, which leaves no place for doubts. Yet the way in which the woman was treated makes one doubt if the basis for the conviction was just enough. Logically, Stewart should have been penalized for the unjust behavior and for selling the medicine that she had no right to. Yet at present all the details of the case point at the fact that the attitude towards the accused was shaped because of the way she treated Douglas Faneuil. Into the Details: The Charges According to t
The American constitution plays a big role in the way current and past political processes play out. This is often not the case in all developed nations, as can be evidenced in Britain where the constitution does not play a big role in the way the political landscape is shaped (Darlington 2). The United States (US) constitution has been a very stable document, as can be evidenced in the past 200 years where only 17 amendments have been made (Darlington 2). For purposes of this study, it is important to understand the fact that the American constitution separates the power of the government into the executive, legislature and the judiciary. These organs of the state work in synchrony and each can check each other’s powers. In analysing the power of the constitution when defining the American political landscape, this study will evaluate the role of the constitution in establishing checks and balances in government from an analysis of the senate, office of the president, and the Supreme Court. Since 1786, when the American constitution was enacted, the constitution has been able to stipulate the functions of the above state organs and in turn, these state organs have over the years changed the political landscape of the country. This study will further explore this observation in detail. The Presidency The president as stipulated in the American constitution has power over the executive, and in a wider sense, he/she is the Chief Executive Officer of the Country. Though America’s founding fathers designed the constitution to avoid an imperialist presidency (which often resembles a monarchical system such as that exhibited in Britain), recent developments in world politics have greatly shifted the powers of the president in a huge way. The senate for example, has ceded a lot of its “checking” powers to the presidency; even though it was meant to be the least political organ of the state (Congress 14811). Factoring in recent political trends in America (after the Second World War), it is clearly evident that there is a disconnect existing in the manner the constitution outlines the office of the president and the manner in which the presidency is informally handled today. This trend has been identified by some researchers as symptoms of the ever-growing political, economic and social influence America has on the world stage (which gives immense powers to the American president) (Grant 76). In a more general sense, the American president is arguably perceived as the custodian of the most powerful office on earth. This is the reason why the American presidency has been a highly contested political position which is often under scrutiny by the entire world. This observation can be traced to the power the American constitution gives the presidency. As will be evidenced in subsequent sections of this study, the powerful nature of the presidency has often interfered with the working of other state bodies, such as the senate. In fact, many observers today note that the presidency has increasingly become imperialistic in nature. Such sentiments are held by Darlington who notes that: “The balance of
Sex is a very important aspect in the life of a human being and is a topic that must be addressed carefully. Sex is more than just the physical aspect of intercourse it involves emotions and how we perceive ourselves as human beings whether male or female. A good number of parents usually want to do their utmost best in approaching this issue but they are uncomfortable with how to approach it with their children. It is very recommendable for parents to talk through this issue with their child because one way or another, the child is still going to gain knowledge about the subject. The processes by which they get this information besides hearing it from a parent might be negative or positive so why risk and play cards with these possibilities. It is extremely advisable for a parent to approach the subject sooner rather than later (Ringel, 2007, para 3). As a school counselor, I would like to approach the subject with the parents because I have evaluated and concluded that many parents have a difficult time with the subject. It is my utmost concern that the children in the school receive sex education early both at school and at home and what better way of ensuring that this happens than having a talk with the parents? Parents should leave this session with a good understanding of how this crucial topic is addressed (Crooks and Baur, 2007, p243). According to Blekinsop, Wade, Benton, Gnaldi, and, Schagen (2004, para 7) “studies conducted provide evidence that children who have been talked to freely about sex and sexuality are less likely to engage in irresponsible sexual behaviors when they are teenagers than those children who had not been advised about sex and sexuality when they were still young”. Therefore, my message to parents of growing children is to approach the topic of sex with a positive mind. My main objective for the session is to make the parents informed on the issues of sex to avoid the children in our school from dropping out of school due to sex related problems later on in life. As a precautionary method, because prevention is better that cure, a talk with the parents would ensure that the kids learn about sex both at home and in school for better emphasis. I believe that by the end of this session those parents who do not know what to do with this issue will be enlightened on the approaches that they can make to ensure that their children do not become victims of irresponsible sexual behaviors. I have chosen the parents because parents are always in for the best interest of their children. It is much better and easier for me to explain to the parents how to go about it because parents have a better understanding of their children. Parents are also more likely to remember to talk to their children more frequently than the school counselor is. The parent
Human beings are more social compared to all other domestic and wild animals. People have emotions and feelings that drive them to form associations to bring them together and address their interests. There are many forms of movements in the world depending on the reasons that necessitate their formation (Goodwin 2009). While most movements serve individuals’ interests few of them fight for human rights and equality to prevail in society. In addition, most movements exist for long periods while only a handful collapse soon after their establishments. A movement is an association formed by people sharing a common interest and seeking progress in their lifestyles. They may be formed to address social, economic, or political aspects of society. There is no fixed number of members a movement must have to obtain its legitimacy (Snow 2009). However, movements that have many followers command a lot of respect from members of society and their governments. In addition, they have high chances of seeing their projects succeed regardless of the barriers they encounter. Politics enables people to seek various political positions through political parties. Therefore, they form or join political parties to advance their quest for democracy, economic growth, social and legal reforms among other issues (Snow 2009). Consequently, civilians join political parties hoping they will have democracy and a friendly economy in the near future. This leads to the formation of various political parties headed by different leaders as each party struggles to ascend to power through elections. On the other hand, workers like teachers, doctors, nurses, farmers and investors form movements that will serve their interests. Civil servants and other workers seek better working conditions, fair salaries and compensations from their employers. It is impossible for employers to listen to workers’ complaints if they are all allowed to present them to their leaders (Goodwin 2009). However, through workers’ movements they are able to present their petitions to their employers on time. Therefore, there is the need to form movements through which workers access their rights as well as enjoy their privileges. Last but not least, movements may be formed to educate the public regarding various issues of concern to them. There is the need for governments to establish many channels through which they can implement various policies. It is much easier to help civilians in times of crisis through movements than address
Introduction Critical thinking is the skillful process of actively conceptualizing, analyzing, and evaluating information gathered from sources, or generated by one’s self through observation, experience, reflection, or communication, as a guide to belief and action. I have emerged as a critical thinker in the field of nursing. I am a trained nurse by profession and through my education and experience, I always try to be clear, precise, and open in my reasoning so that I can offer the best services to all my patients. This helps me to fully understand the problems facing my patients. In addition, I am also able to extract the necessary information from patients, resulting in a clear understanding of their problems. In nursing, thinking is a form of evidence-based practice. It is from the evidence provided by the patient that a nurse can be able to conceptualize a problem and link it to the related possible solutions. For example, as a nurse, I should be able to know the problem of a patient through the information they give me regarding how they feel, how they live, and how they relate to different people in their day-to-day lives. After getting all this information, I should also try to link and evaluate it until I arrive at a single problem, which can then be dealt with. In the same way, a patient may be suffering from depression and since they do no background in medicine, they just complain of headaches, lack of appetite, or lack of sleep. However, as a nurse, I should be able to critically link all these symptoms and arrive at the conclusion that the person is depressed (Anema & McCoy, 2010). Communicating Effectively Communication involves the passing and receiving of information between two or more parties. In nursing, communication involves a nurse, the patient, relatives to the patients, and other members of the nursing staff. At first, it seems difficult to achieve effective communication in the field of nursing. It has taken me a lot of patience and confidence to become an effective communicator in my profession. In nursing, there is always a
Introduction In the last ten years, Asia has recorded an increase in the number of children affected by autism (Patel and Greydanus, 2012). Children with autism spectrum disorder face a challenge in coping with social and communication skills in their communities. This condition results in inappropriate behaviors in education and social situations (Nikopoulos & Keenan, 2006). With the limited availability of programs and evidence-based services designed to help children with this situation, adaptability and development of social and academic skills is a myth. This condition has led to a strain for parents and service providers attempting to formulate and deliver education and therapeutic services to children with the condition. However, researchers have found videotape modeling to be very efficient in improving the social and academic skills of children with autism. Research Problem Socialization is a critical aspect of human life because it influences the development of attachment, social skills, and social competence. It also forms the back born of all relationships between people and changes for a major part of daily activities. However, children diagnosed with autism have a characteristic deficit in social behaviors, a situation that leads to a lack of social exchange. Up to date, autism has no cure; neither could there be (Nikopoulos & Keenan, 2006). And the challenge remains to find the most efficient media through which children with this condition will learn both education and social skills to enable them to interact with others in the community. Purpose of the Study Researchers have explored different therapy procedures to address the needs of children with autism conditions with the primary objective of changing their developmental path to more closely resemble their normally developing peers. However, the challenge remains to explore how effective the method is. In this project, we shall explain the effectiveness of videotape modeling on developing the social and academic skills of children with autism. The research will also aim at addressing the challenges faced by parents and service providers in improving the education and social skills of these children. Objectives Of The Study   * The primary aim of this research is to help parents and professionals adapt to the most efficient service that improves the social deficit of children with autism.   * In this study, I also want to understand how effective videotape modeling of education and social skills of children with autism is. Research Questions  1. What procedures do you apply to improve the education and behavioral skills of children with autism?  2. How is videotape modeling effective in improving the social and academic skills of children diagnosed with autism? Literature review To date, assessment of new procedures and methods used in addressing the challenge of autism remains limited. Research is also among small groups of populations that range from moderate to high functioning, coupled with differences in results and limited generalization or variations (Silton, 2014). Auti