ShantanuT01/DACTYL-Pretraining huggingface dataset:
Few places are as endearing and alluring to a traveler as the city of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. Prague boasts over ten centuries of history filled to the brim with events and personalities. The city managed to survive the Second World War almost untouched, and carried over its medieval charm, beauty, and traditions into modern times, without sacrificing any of the modern energy and vibrancy. Prague is the ideal two-week destination for me. The city offers plenty to see, from its bridges, fairy-tale-like towers, and cathedrals, cobbled streets, to its exceptional culture, art, music, cuisine, and various events. Preparation for the Trip Since the Czech Republic is a member of the European Union and the Schengen zone, American tourists can stay in Prague for up to 90 days without requiring a visa. The passport would be the principal travel document and needs to be valid for at least six months after the trip is arranged. The local currency is Czech Koruna, and cash provisions need to be made in advance. A Debit or a Credit card would also prove useful. It is also advisable to have one’s private health care details and travel insurance. All of the accommodation needs to be prearranged, as this information might need to be provided. During my stay in Prague, I would require a power adapter and a power transformer to use and charge my devices. Finally, before the flight, it would be a good idea to locate my country’s embassy in case I need to find it, as well as look up what objects are forbidden in the airports and on planes. Hand luggage and bags must be weighted to avoid problems with the customs. Arriving in Prague Since finances would not be a concern, there is an incentive to purchase flight tickets in first class. The Lufthansa has a history of impeccable service and is a solid airline choice. The flight needs to be booked ahead of time, to avoid problems with overbooked flights. Also, the it’s important to arrive in the airport early, and to confirm the departure Gate ahead of time. The first class flight to Prague, as well as the return flight, lasts eight to twelve hours with a stop in Munich and range in price from 8 to 10 thousand dollars total. This means being prepared for quite a long time spent in one’s seat ( Prague Travel Checklist, n.d.). After landing in the Václav Havel Airport Prague, we would need to catch a taxi to the city centre, which is half an hour away. While there are a lot of luxurious hotels in and around the city centre, I would prefer to stay at boat hotel, or ‘botel,’ as they are commonly called. Since a lot of them are well placed, they offer gorgeous views of the city and are often walking distance away from interesting historical monuments. It is worth mentioning that pickpockets are as prevalent in Prague, as in any other tourist city, so it is important to be vigilant. Enjoying Prague While tram and metro services in Prague have fair prices and high-quality service, the city’s cobbled streets are known for being perfect walking locations, and a great chance to see the city and take pictures. Alternatively, it is a good idea to join a bike tour (like th
Introduction Human resources are precious, they need to be managed effectively; when developing a personnel’s management strategy; an organization needs to have an effective performance appraisal and rewarding system. When an effective performance management is implemented, it boosts employees’ confidence and motivates them. Performance management is defined as a continuous process that involves assessment of an employee in all dimensions with the aim of rewarding and establishing areas that can be improved for better performance. Leader have the role of overseeing the success of the strategy; when managing performance, leaders are seen as performance coaches, trainers, confronters, mentors, and counselors. An effective performance process helps an organization to learn and understand its staffs strengths, weaknesses, talents and capabilities. When the above attributes of employees are known, then a company can devise appropriate motivational, rewarding, training and mentoring programs to enhance performance within the organization (Anthony, Kalmar and Perrewé, 2002). This paper discusses major steps involved in a performance management process. Major phases involved Although performance management is a continuous process, which differs from annual appraisals (annual appraisals are periodical performance appraisal that involves assessing the general performance of an employee with the main aim of rewarding or salary adjustments), they follow a certain procedure that need to be well understood by managers. The procedure follows the following pathway: Identifying and describing essential job functions One of the major roles of human resources department is to establish the tasks that employees are supposed to take within an organization. When recruiting, human resources look for a certain attribute, qualification and talent with employees; the attribute will be used to fill a certain vacuum within the organization, after deploying the employee to the needed position, the next move that the human resources should take is to appraise and boosts the employee’s knowledge. When placing an employee within an organization, there are features that need to be looked into, they include the capability, attitude, moral, experience, education qualification and the general perception that the employing has towards the role likely to be undertaken. The main aim of role definition and description of job functions is to promote continuous employee and organizational growth and development. It has the aim of ensuring that the right employee is given the right job. On the other hand, when making orchestrate teams, managers have some functions that they need to undertake; they need to appraise and realize the capability of the people to a team so that they can make winning teams. When managing an organization, every department has some roles it is made to attain; the roles are defined in the corporate goals and objectives, they play a role in the general attainment of corporate mission and vision. When assigning tasks, manager should define the major functions and expectations that they have towards their employees, they should ensure
Introduction The main downside of credit is that the use of credit decreases the financial stability of an individual. With an excessive credit the individual may have to spend a major part of his/her income in repaying the amounts borrowed. This will limit the priorities that he/she can attribute to his/her limited income. Secondly, it is expensive to avail credit with higher amount of interest payable on the amounts borrowed and it also leads to get a tendency to spend over and above the means of repayment which is financially imprudent. Actions Needed to Build a Good Credit Reputation An individual should protect the credit reputation in the same way as he safeguards his personal reputation. It is wise to obtain credit bureau reports every year and challenge all errors and omissions found in them in order to maintain a good credit reputation. It also helps maintaining the credit reputation to obtain lowest APRs possible and in case of some difficulty in meeting the higher finance costs, the credit card balances can be transferred to lower-cost accounts. Payment on credit cards should be made each month without fail. It is also not advisable to make some convenient purchases on a credit card where the individual is already carrying a balance. Checking the monthly billing statements for accuracy and challenging all discrepancies would also help to build a good credit reputation. Signs of Overindebtedness There are different signs of overindebtedness. The situation where one is not able to estimate the amount repayable by him/her or running out of means to settle the debts show a position of overindebtedness. Similarly paying only the minimum amount due on credit cards and continuously requesting issue of new credit cards or enhancing the credit limits are also signs of overindebtedness. This situation also results in making late payments or skipping payment of amounts due. Common Fees assessed on Credit Card Accounts The following are the fees that are commonly found charged for credit card accounts.   * Monthly fee – when the other different types of charged to credit cards does not total to a certain minimum, this fee is charged on a monthly basis. This fee is generally found charged to accounts which are low in value.   * Transaction fee – a flat rate fee is charged in respect of each transaction entered into by the cardholder. Credit card companies determine the fee based on the method of transaction.   * Setup fee – The credit card companies charge a fixed sum of amount as setup fee in respect of each credit card account the companies create. This is a onetime fee payable by an individual. Chargeback fees – the credit card holder is obligated to pay this fee for the reversal of any transaction. The fee is assessed irrespective of the fact whether the reversal was carried out or not. Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is the right guaranteed by the constitution which permits people to make a petition to a court for declaring them officially as unable to meet their financial obligations. Bankruptcy is a situation which affects a person’s personal confidence and can also make the individual unfit to recover his credit re
Introduction The debate to legalize Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) rights is widely spread in first world nations, with the United States topping the list of countries that are dealing with this issue. The last one decade can be considered as the LGBT success decade with most countries across the world such as the Netherlands and South Africa addressing the grievances of this minority group (Keuzenkamp and Kuyper 22). The LGBT rights’ issue was probably an anti-social phenomenon in the past few years, but it has now metamorphosed to a legal reality in most developed countries. The reasons for the changed socio-political perspective on LGBT concerns overtime is a debatable controversy. The proponents of the LGBT rights are most likely to be straight and their motives remain unclear, and thus disputable. Perhaps human sexual orientation is predetermined genetically and it is a democratic right to exercise LGBT rights. Most parts of the world are yet to legalize LGBT rights especially the Muslim world, but indeed the debate is heated and it may not take long before they legalize it. This paper will show that LGBT rights have taken root in the United States and other parts of the world by analyzing the socio-political motives behind the idea. The paper will focus on the socio-political and religious implications facing the world due to the legalization of the LGBT rights. The evolution of the LGBT rights Debates have erupted since the civilization of humanity concerning the existence of same-sex relationships. However, those who oppose the legalization of same-sex relationships argue that the act is a choice of a preferred lifestyle and only heterosexual relationships should be exercised legally. However, if this assertion holds, the pertinent question is why same-sex relationships have survived since the enlightenment era and the beginning of civilization despite the backlash and punishments some resulting in death. Same sex relationships involve all cultures and they have been experienced since the civilization of humankind. At the wake of the nineteenth century, homosexuality was well defined with a section of the community defending the act and the majority opposing it by viewing the act as ‘weird’ to be accepted within any society. Early in the 19 th century, homosexuality was discrete and researchers have provided empirical evidence and knowledge on the concept. Around the middle of the 19 th century, homosexual activists emerged to address the issues of the LGBT community by trying to initiate policy reforms to address their place in society; however, this move was contemptuous in the eyes of the conservatives. Among the scientific community, homosexuality has grown from being viewed as a psychiatric disorder to a genetically debatable aspect. The question whether sexual orientation is predetermined by nature or nurture has presently taken a common direction with research relating biological aspects to sexual orientation. However, this realization did not give a green light to same-sex relationships, but at least it relieved the stigmatizatio
Introduction Nursing is inevitably related to ethical dilemmas, and thus the behavior and decision-making of medical personnel vary drastically in each patient’s case. Euthanasia as a phenomenon of a democratic society, being an aspect of nursing, has been under discussion for decades. However, people still have not concluded whether it is ethically appropriate or not and if the legalization of euthanasia should spread wider. Most people whose profession is related to nursing believe that euthanasia should not be supported by the government and be stated legal because its purpose is to ensure a person’s right to get the proper care. Legalization of Euthanasia and its Consequences Research on the topic of euthanasia and people’s attitude to it has been conducted for many years. Recent studies prove the point of view on medical assistance in dying (MAiD) that was mentioned above. The subject of the research by Monteverde (2017) was to ask people who work in the medical sphere and face the necessity for euthanasia, whether they are for or against it, and why. These people’s opinions were gathered to reflect the situation in the world – in other words, to reveal what is the global attitude towards MAiD. The result has shown that countries where euthanasia remains illegal, such as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, attempt to legalize it (Monteverde, 2017). At the same time, the representatives of countries where MAiD is legal, such as the United States, Canada, and Switzerland, claimed that it requires a thorough law inspection aimed at legislation concerning euthanasia improvement (Monteverde, 2017). Thus, legalizing this type of helping people with serious diseases does not guarantee its proper functioning and may affect the medical personnel negatively if the law system has imperfections leading to nurses’ prosecution. Factors Affecting the Nurses’ Perception of Euthanasia The problems connected with euthanasia implementation in different countries are not the only issue concerning the controversy of this phenomenon. The way people who work in the medical sphere refer to MAiD is even more substantial for the procedure’s quality and spreading. The study by Cayetano-Penman et al. (2020) proves that the nurses’ attitude to MAiD depends on different factors. The nurses who supported euthanasia considered such factors as “extreme uncontrollable pain, unbearable suffering, or other distressing experiences,” “legality of euthanasia,”; and “right of the patient to die” (Cayetano-Penman et al., 2020, pp. 5-6). On the other hand, the negative attitude to euthanasia was mainly caused by “religion,”; “moral and ethical dilemmas,”; “role of gender of the health professional,”; and “poor palliative care” (Cayetano-Penman et al., 2020, p. 6). Generally, nurses appeared to think positively of euthanasia because they value patients’ decisions and the role of medical personnel in providing care. The Differ
Introduction Directed by Robbert Kenner in 2008, the American documentary film ‘Food Inc.,’ attempts to examine the commercialization and mechanization of the American food production industry. The film was developed between 2007 and 2009 with the aim of exposing the negative aspects of commercialization and mechanization of the American food production industry (Weber, 2009). Problems facing fast-food restaurants such as MacDonald’s The film exposes a number of issues associated with the government’s role in increasing the rate of corn production. Corn production has become cheap and easy, thanks to mechanization and genetic engineering (Kenner, 2008). However, overproduction means that the government has to look for some ways of ensuing that the excess corn is utilized. MacDonald’s and other fast-food companies are forced to use corn because it is cheap and readily available. They devise ways of incorporating corn as the main ingredient in some of the products, including burgers and cheese (Weber, 2009). Then, they offer these products at a cheap price. Nevertheless, this is a problem because in most cases, an E. coli bacterium is found replicating in corn due to unhealthy production processes. In addition, corn is highly modified genetically to allow it to grow and mature fast, but at the expense of human and animal health (Deardorff, 2009). Fast food companies are faced with an economic problem because they are the major target for modern health campaigns and enthusiasts who tend to tarnish the names of the fast-food producers. In addition, with an increasing trend towards organic foods, fast food companies are set to lose a large part of their clientele, resulting in economic problems. Corporate behavior in food production According to the film, the American food production industry is highly controlled by the bourgeois class, which mostly consists of large corporations that have achieved government backing. Laws have been made and enacted to protect the interest of these companies at the expense of human health. The film cites the roles and practices of companies like Tyson Foods, Perdue Farms, Monsanto Company, and Smithfield Foods in controlling food production (Deardorff, 2009). One of the major roles that these companies play in controlling food production in the country is to regulate what farmers do. They make compulsory practices that their farmers must abide by in order to increase production and reduce costs. For example, a chicken farmer, who is one of the contractors under Tyson Foods, reveals that the company regulates animal production in their farms by using inhumane methods of animal handling (Weber, 2009). She says that chicken fed with foods that make them grow excessively big within a few days. The film shows some 30 day-old chicken moving for a short distance before collapsing from excessive weight. In addition, the farmer says that chicken are kept in tiny houses without windows or other ventilations. They remain there all day and night without seeing sunlight (Kenner, 2008). The film also highlights the practices at meat production companies such as Smithfield Foods. For example, em
‘The Gift’ is considered to be a short story written by well known Puerto Rican essayist and writer, Rosario Ferre Ramirez. The work of the author is dedicated to the analysis of racial prejudice role on the basis of Puerto Rican cultural identity creation, emphasizing marginal women’s position. It is necessary to underline the idea that this theme is the principle characteristic of many writer’s work, through which she strived to reflect her personal experience and the life of society observed in her country. The analysis of the story “The Gift” is to be concentrated on the identification of the key concepts, elements and stylistic devices, used in the author’s writing for the successful representation of the main idea. In order to understand the deep sense of the story written by Rosario Ferre, it is necessary to dive into the brief analysis of the writer’s style observed in major works. One should stress that Rosario Ferre is concentrated on the centralization of such concepts, as class, race, sexuality and gender problems promotion in Puerto Rico, in order to demonstrate the interconnection between the past and present through the exploration of Western myths and folktales. She always tried to overturn the female stereotypes on the basis of women’s relation to the Puerto Rican socio-economic structure. According to Carmen Rivera, ‘Ferre seems to warn her readers that when a woman’s voice and sexuality is confined and ‘gagged’ by male oppression, she begins to rot and smell as decomposed flesh beneath the ever passive beauty of her porcelain face’ (Arnold and Dash, 213) The story ‘The Gift’ is included in Ferre’s collection ‘The Poisoned Tale’; it is considered to be directed at the disclosure of friendship theme through the key concepts characterizing the author’s works. The story is about two girls from Puerto Rico having strong friendship relationships in a Catholic school for girls. The relationships are analyzed on the basis of rational differences perception, illustrating the friendship between the dark and the light girls at school. The story is considered to be an overt critique of educational, social, and religious values of the Hispanic Antilles society. The School of the Sacred Heart is open to nouveau riche and outside impacts. Carlotta’s coming to the school challenges the nuns’ control over the students; the girl was a member of a poor elitist environment, having strong ties with the external world. The status of the carnival queen leads to the girl’s being expelled from the school. Mercedita, who is the prominent student and the richest girl, leaves the education with her friend Carlotta, who is the