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Attached for your retention is a booklet published by the Universidad
Obrera de Mexico (UOM - Workers' University of Mexico), which is controlled
and operated by the Partido Popular Socialista (PPS - Popular Socialist Party),
entitled Desarrollo Economico y Crisis en la America Latina (Economic 
Develop-
ment and Crisis in Latin America). The booklet is written by Maurice Halperin,
American Communist living in Moscow, and has an introduction by Vicente
LOMBARDO Toledano, secretary-general of the PPS.
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MAURICE HALPERIN
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO
Y CRISIS EN LA
AMERICA LATINA
Ediciones de la Universidad Obrera de México.
1961
CS COPY
End To HMMA 17988
201-1-2561
20 Ceter
14-00000
Presentación
El autor de este estudio, el Profesor Maurice Halperin, es
uno de los investigadores y catedráticos más prominentes
de los 
Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Nació en Boston en
1906. Obtuvo su bachillerato en la Universidad de Harvard
en 1926 y la Licenciatura en Letras en la Universidad de
Oklahoma en 1929. Dos años más tarde se doctoró en Letras
y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad de Paris y fue confe
renciante en la Sorbona sobre la civilización de la América
del Norte.
En los Estados Unidos fue catedrático de la Universidad
de Oklahoma y Jefe del Departamento de Estudios Econó-
micos y Geopolíticos Latinoamericanos en la Secretaria de
Guerra y en la Secretaría de Estado en Washington, durante
los años de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como consejero
técnico del Consejo Económico y Social de las Naciones
Unidas trabajó durante tres años, de 1946 a 1949. Volvió a
su Universidad de origen, la de Boston, como catedrático
y Jefe del Departamento de Estudios Latinoamericanos en
donde prestó sus servicios hasta 1953.
Interesado siempre en el estudio de los problemas de las
naciones de la América Latina, fue a Brasil en 1952 y trabajó
como conferenciante er. la Universidad de San Pablo. Por
su labor docente el gobierno del Brasil le otorgó la condecora-
ción de "Oficial de la Orden do Cruzeiro do Sul". Posterior-
mente estuvo en México, siendo Profesor Extraordinario de
la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales de la
Universidad Nacional de México, de 1954 a 1957. Cooperó
también como Asesor Económico del Departamento de Pro-
moción de la Nacional Financiera y en otras instituciones
gubernamentales y privadas de nuestro país.
-་་་
14-00000
Ha publicado numerosos estudios, entre otros el titulado
"La América Latina en Transición", que editó la Universi-
dad Nacional de México en 1956, así como ensayos acerca de
la economía y el desarrollo social en los Estados Unidos
Francia, Alemania, Chile, Brasil y México durante el último
cuarto de siglo.
El Profesor Maurice Halperin actualmente es un Profesor
Visitante en la Academia de Ciencias de la URSS en donde
está dedicado a investigaciones de carácter económico.
El estudio que tiene este pequeño libro, no obstante su
brevedad es uno de los más completos sobre el actual pano-
rama económico de la América Latina. Tanto las cifras como
las observaciones y las inférencias lógicas que contiene.
son de un inapreciable valor para los estudios de los pro-
blemas de nuestro Continente. Por eso pienso que prestará
un gran servicio a quienes se dedican al examen de los gran-
des problemas de nuestro tiempo, en el vasto territorio de
los países semicoloniales del Hemisferio Americano.
México, D. F., agosto de 1961
VICENTE LOMBARDO TOLEDANO
Introducción
La América Latina está atravezando actualmente su
tercera gran crisis económica del siglo XX. En general, las
dificultades actuales pueden ser atribuidas a la excesiva
vulnerabilidad hacia factores externos de una economía que
depende de la exportación de materias primas y de la impor-
tación de productos manufacturados. En este sentido es
la clasica crisis del subdesarrollo neocolonial, como sucedió
con el colapso del comercio internacional durante la guerra
mundial de 1914 a 1918-primera crisis- y con la depre-
sión mundial al comienzo de la dácada del 30 -segunda
crisis.
La disminución actual de la actividad económica asumió,
sin lugar a dudas, proporciones de crisis a principios de
1958. Aunque en algunos aspectos aún no ha alcanzado la
intensidad de la segunda crisis. persiste con tendencia a
profundizarse al entrar en su cuarto año. Al mismo tiempo,
algunos aspectos de la crisis actual la distinguen de las ante:
riores, imprimiéndole un sello especial.
En primer lugar, si bien como las crisis anteriores fue
motivada por factores externos, esta crisis ha sido más
sensible a los descensos y menos a las alzas de los movi-
mientos cíclicos de las economías de los países capitalistas
industrializados. El descenso de los precios de las exporta-
ciones de Latinoamérica precedió a la recesión de 1957-58.
en los Estados Unidos, y ésta condujo, a su vez, a nuevas
mermas en las ganancias por concepto de exportaciones de
América Latina. Sin embargo, la tendencia al descenso
continuó después de la recuperación de los Estados Unidos
(antes de la nueva recesión comenzada a finales de 1960)..
.
14-00000
6
MAURICK HALPERIN
y a pesar del alto nivel constante de la actividad económica
en los principales paises industriados de Europa Occidental.
A
En segundo lugar, hay muy pocas perspectivas de que los
mercados normales de Latinoamérica puedan proporcionar
en un futuro próxime suficientes ganancias por concepto de
exportaciones como para restablecer la economía al nivel
anterior. Como después de un exhaustivo análisis a largo
alcance, declara la CEPAL (excluyendo el factor de una
depresión mayor en los Estados Unidos o en Europa Occi-
dental): "La perspectiva de aumento de las exportaciones...
es tan pequeña que apenas excede el crecimiento demográ
fico probable". Este estudio prevé un ritmo de desarrollo
que en el mejor de los casos sería un poco más de la mitad
del registrado antes de la presente crisis y produciría extra-
ordinarias presiones sobre la posibilidad de estructurar la
economía y sus mecanismos de desarrollo.
En tercer lugar, el debilitamiento-general de los sistemas
mundiales coloniales y neocoloniales, combinado" con la ex-
pansión 
económica del sistema mundial socialista, presenta
nuevas 
oportunidades para contrarrestar las presiones ex-
ternas, políticas y económicas, que se ejercen sobre Latino-
américa para impedirle tomar medidas en defensa de sus
economías nacionales. De particular importancia es la dispo
nibildad de 
mercados y recurss económicos en los países
socialistas, los 
cuales pueden ser utilizados para lograr una
efectiva 
solución de la crisis económica presente.
De aquí que mientras la primera y la segunda crisis
económicas latinoamericanas crearon la necesidad y las con-
diciones 
para cambios económicos y político-sociales limita-
dos dentro del 
sistema existente de dependencia neocolonial,
la 
crisis 
presente parece estar desarrollándose bajo condi-
ciones que 
requerirán y, al mismo tiempo, permitirán la éli
minación de la 
propin dependencia en un período de tiempo
relativamente corto. 
Los acontecimientos recientes en Cuba
apoyan estas perspectivas y nosotros estimamos que los
factores que 
causaron el rompimiento de Cuba con el sistema
de dependencia 
neocolonial no constituyen una excepción.
Esto puede 
demostrarse examinando los antecedentes de la.
presente 
crisis, por ejemplo, la actuación global de la econo-
mia latinoamericana 
en el pasado reciente.
1.- El "florecimiento óptimo" de la
economía latinoamericana.
Por más de una década después del fin de la segunda
guerra mundial (en términos generales, de 1945 a 1957), la
actividad 
económica de Latinoamérica en su conjunto man-
tuvo el mayor 
ritmo de expansión registrado en la región.
Para situar este periodo en su marco propio, deben
formularse 
dos 
observaciones preliminares. La primera es
que el nivel 
de partida del movimiento ascendente de la
economía 
era relativamente elevado en la región y sustan-
cialmente más alto 
que el nivel de desarrollo existente en
las áreas dependientes de Asia y Africa. No solamente habia
tenido 
lugar una recuperación sustancial, después de la
catástrofe de 
comienzos de la década del 30, sino que tam-
bién en las 
repúblicas de Latinoamérica más desarrolladas
y pobladas y con mayor capacidad productiva, se produjo
un proceso 
considerable de sustitución de importaciones. Asi,
la industria 
de elaboración que antes de 1930 representaba
una 
pequeña proporción en la producción global de Latino-
américa, alcanzó 
a fines de 1945 una equivalente al 65%
de la 
contribución de la agricultura al producto bruto y fue.
a su vez, 
considerablemente mayor que la contribución de
la industria minera.
El segundo punto, que debe ser señalado, es que durante
el 
período 
que consideramos prevalecieron condiciones ex-
ternas 
excepcionalmente favorables. El impulso inicial para
la-expansión 
económica fue la acumulación de divisas regis-
strada en 
Latinoamérica durante la segunda guerra mun-
cial. Sin 
embargo, el auge económico fue estimulado
principalmente 
por los gastos de reconstrucción. rearme y
satisfacción 
de demandas pospuestas en los principales
países capitalistas 
al final de la guerra. Los medios exter
nos mediante 
los cuales Latinoamérica hubiera podido man-
tener su 
ritmo de expansión, se restringieror. fuertemente

14-00000
8
MAURICE HÄLPERIN
al terminar los reajustes de postguerra y, a partir de ese
momento, comenzó a manifestarse la crisis actual
Desde este punto de vista, es particularmente interesante
la evaluación de la experiencia económica de este periodo.
Dado el nivel relativamente elevado existenteral inicio del
mismo y las oportunidades excepcionales de que se dispusie-
ron, el desarrollo alcanzado puede representar algo así como
el "florecimiento óptimo" de la economía latinoamericana,
funcionando de manera tradicional. Por tanto, la cuantía en
que ese "florecimiento" de la econonifa dejó de satisfacer
las necesidades de desarrollo de la región, nos permitirá
estimar las dimensiones reales de la crisis actual
De acuerdo con los datos recopilados por la CEPAL (ver
el cuadro que sigue), el promedio acumulativo anual real de
aumento del producto bruto de la región, fue de un 5%
para el período de 12 años. Si excluimos los años de 1956 y
1957, durante los cuales la expansión de postguerra comenzó
a ser menor, el indice fue de 5.2%. Para nuestros propó-
sitos la diferencia no es importante: incluso el indice menor
alcanza. o excede los de un cierto número de países indus-
trializados en Europa Occidental y ciertamente excede el de
los Estados Unidos para el mismo período.
LATINOAMERICA: El producto bruto y otros datos,
1945-57"
(miles de millones de dólares de 1950)
Cifras redondas.
Abo
Prodarte
Bruto
Consume Inversión Exporta- Impertatio
fija clonca bienes Des Menes
bruta
Población
(millones)
y servicios y servicios
1945 30.2
23.2
4.0
6.7
8.6
138.5
1946
32.8
25.1
5.0
7.4
4.8
141.6
1947
84.4
27.5
6.8
7.2
7.1
1.14.9
1948 36.4
28.7
6.8
7.5
6.6
148.2
1949
37.6
30:1
6.4 6.9
5.9
151.8
1950 .39.8 82.1 6.6 7.2
1951 42.1 35.1 7.4 7.1
6.1
155.4
7.5
159.2
1952 43.0. $5.5 7.6
6.7.
7.0
153.0
1953 44.7 36.1 7.6
7.8
6.9
166.9
1954 47.3 $9.1 8:2
7.7
7.8
170.9
1955
50.0 41.0 8.6
1956 51.4 41.4 9.1
1957 53.8 43.8 10.3
8.4
8.0
175.1
9.2
8.2
179.4
9.8.
9.6
183.8
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRIS18 EN LA AMERICA LATINA
ດ
Es cierto que por haber aumentado la población de La-
tinoamérica a un promedio anual de 2.5%, el índice del
aumento anual del producto bruto per capita fue de sola-
mente 2.7% para la "década dorada" y de 2.5% para el
periodo de doce años. Sin embargo, aún esta última cifra
es mayor que el histórico 2% de aumento anual del producto
bruto per cápita en los Estados Unidos, aunque es a su vez
varias veces menor que el de los países socialistas. *
Es más importante el hecho de que el 2.5% represente
probablemente más del doble del promedio anual "histórico"
de desarrolo en Latinoamérica. Aunque no existen datos
suficientes para establecer esta última afirmación en cuanto
al conjunto de la región, puede suponerse que de 1900 a
1929 ningún país de América Latina superó el ritmo de
desarrollo de Argentina, pues se estimó, como promedio,
en un 1.2% per cápita anual. En el caso de México, por
ejemplo, se cree que entre 1803 y 1934 no se registró prác-
ticamente ningún incremento en los ingresos per cápita.⚫
De lo antes expuesto puede inferirse la conclusión de que
para el conjunto de la región el período que estamos exa-
minado fue un período de incremento poco corriente de la
actividad económica, o, más precisamente, de un aumento
poco habitual del PBN, concepto que, de acuerdo con los
usos oficiales en Latinoamérica y en las Naciones Unidas,
incluye la producción de bienes y la de servicios, cuyo ritmo
de aumento es comúnmente definido como desarrollo. Más
adelante examinareinos hasta qué punto se puede confiar
en este concepto para medir el desarrollo económico en
Latinoamérica. Por el momento consideraremos los factores
externos que estimularon durante este período la elevada
producción de bienes y de servicios en esta región.
14-00000
2. Los estímulos externos en la expansión
económica de Latinoamérica
El comercio exterior ha ejercido siempre una influencia
predominante sobre las fluctuaciones ciclicas de la economía
latinoamericana
. Así en 1932, en el climax de la gran de-
presión, las exportaciones de la región disminuyeron en un
65% en relación 
con 1929, mientras las importacinoes dismi-
nuyeron 
en un 75%. No obstante, una comparación entre
el nivel 
del comerciò exterior en este año de crisis y el perio-
do 
que 
estamos analizando, mostraría una cuadro deformado
de su importancia en la expansión económica de 1945-57.
De ahí 
que los datos de 1934-38, cuando se había producido
un grado de recuperación aceptable, nos darán una base
mejor 
para establecer comparaciones. Durante este último
período 
el promedio anual de exportaciones e importaciones
en conjunto llegaron 
a 3,500 millones de dólares, cifras re-
dondas, o 
5,250 millones en dólares de 1950.⁹
Si consideramos nuestra tabla estadística, poderos ver
que 
hacia 1947
, cuando la tendencia a la expansión del co
mércio exterior 
en el período de la postguerra ya se habis
desarrollado 
completamente, el total de las exportaciones y
de las importaciones 
llegó a poco más de 14,000 millones de
dólares de 1950, o sea
, un aumento de más del 170% sobre
el promedio anual de 1934-38. Además, de 1945 a 1955, el
poder 
adquisitivo de las exportaciones latinoamericanas
aumentó en 
un promedio anual de 5.4%, o sea ligeramente
más que el ritmo 
de crecimiento del producto bruto de la
región. Es 
evidente que habían llegado mejores tiempos
para Latinoamérica.
Es necesario un análisis posterior sin embargo, para deter
minar 
el papel desempeñado 
por el comercio exterior en la
experiencia 
económica de la región después de la segunda
guerra mundial
. Si retornamos al periodo relativamente pre-
industrial anterior a la 
gran depresión de 1925-29, nos en-
contramos con que el 
coeficiente de importaciones, es decir,
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
11
el valor de las importaciones en tantos por ciento del pro-
ducto bruto nacional, se mantuvo 
en un 302. En el período
correspondiente de 4 
años en la década siguiente. cuando el
comercio exterior de 
Latinoamérica habia vencido los efec-
tos de la depresión, 
el coeficiente de importaciones ro alcanzó
su nivel anterior y 
se mantuvo en un 16.6. Esta nueva
relación, mejor 
incluso desde el punto de vista del desarrollo
económico, entre el 
PBN y el comercio exterior, reflejaba
el progreso alcanzado 
en la producción local de bienes de
consumo, especialmente 
en los paises mis avanzados como
Argentina, Brasil, México 
y Chile.
Cuando durante la segunda guerra mundial las importa-
ciones fueron de nuevo 
drásticamente reducidas, se registró
un impetu adicional para 
la expansión de la industria ligera.
Como consecuencia, al 
comenzar el periodo de la postguerra
la estructura de la economia 
era tal. que a pesar de la extra-
ordinaria mejoría del 
comercio exterior, en comparación con
el periodo de recuperación 
posterior a la depresión de 1930,
la relación entre el 
PBN y las importaciones no volvió al
nivel de 1925-29. En su 
lugar, como indican las cifras de
nuestra tabla estadística
, las importaciones fluctuaron alre-
dedor del 16 del PBN, 
manteniéndose, por tanto, al mismo
nivel relativo de 1934-39.
A primera vista ésto pudiera indicar una disminución de
la 
importancia del 
comercio exterior en la provisión de los
medios para la reciente 
expansión de la actividad económica
en la América Latina. No 
obstante, un examen más detenido
nos demuestra que 
lo cierto es justamente lo opuesto. La
evidencia más palpable se 
advierte en la adquisición de ma-
quinaria y equipos 
capaces de producir una expansión en
las exportaciones de 
materias primas, así como de aumentar
la producción de la 
industria de elaboración. En este sector
de inversiones, 
obviamente estratégico, que representa apro-
ximadamente el 25% de las 
inversiones totales, la produc-
ción local suministró 
menos del 10% de los productes obte-
nidos. El resto fue comprado 
en el extranjero y representó
cerca del 33% del 
valor total de las importaciones
Asi es claro que el cambio en la estructura de las impor-
taciones 
de 
Latinoamérica devino un factor nuevo y crucial
tendiente a perpetuar 
su' dependencia del comercio exterior.
Antes de 1914, por 
ejemplo, los textiles solamente consti-
tuían más de la mitad 
de las importaciones. "Durante los
años 30, aunque se 
produjo un aumento notable en la pro-
14-00000
12
MAURICE HALPERIN
porción de bienes duraderos y de capital, la mayoría de los
bienes importados eran todavía bienes de consumo y mate-
risies de construcción. Sin embargo, después de 1945 el
balance cambió definitivamente. Si a la maquinaria y a los
equipos añadimos productos semielaborados y materias pri-
mas industriales, como varios tipos de acero, productos
quimicos, caucho, etc., y combustibles, nos encontramos con
que para 1955, cerca de las dos terceras partes de las im-
portaciones totales de la región, consistieron en medios
de producción y suministros para los mismos." En resu
men, las exportaciones de Latinoamérica, que básicamente
determinan su capacidad para importar, fueran indudable.
mente el elemento decisivo para momover la expansión eco-
nómica de 1945 a 1957.”
El carácter único de la situación externa favorable que
influyó en la actividad económica de este período, requiere
algunes comentarios adicionales para ser bien comprendido.
El gran aumento de la capacidad de importación de Latino-
américa no se debió solamente a la demanda excepcional de
postguerra de que disfrutaron sus exportaciones, sino tam-
bién a otro factor relacionado con ello, aunque menos co-
rriente.
En común con todas las otras regiones dependientes, el
comercio internacional de Latinoamérica ha sido adversa-
mente afectado por la tendencia histórica hacia una creciente
diferencia entre el pequeño aumento de precio de sus expor-
taciones de materias primas y el aumento mayor de los
precios de los productos elaborados que importa. Como resul-
tado, con fluctuaciones considerables de año en año y de un
pals a otro, dependiendo de los productos de exportación
de la fluctuación de la estructura de las importaciones,
para la región en conjunto, a largo plazo. las condiciones del
comercio exterior se han ido deteriorando. **
Sin embargo, un extraordinario cambio de esta tendencia
tuvo lugar para el conjunto de la región y en todas las repú-
blicas consideradas por separado. menos Cuba y Argentina,
en la década siguiente a la segunda guerra mundial. En ocho
de las repúblicas, incluyendo Brasil, Colombia y Chile, los
términos del comercio exterior durante los perídos de 1947-
1949 1954-56, mejoraron de un 45% a un 100%. Como
résultado, más de la mitad del aumento del poder adquisitivo
de las exportaciones de Latinoamérica se debió a los efectos
de las mejores condiciones del comercio exterior y el resto
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
13
correspondió a un aumento en el volumen de las exporta-
ciones. "
Saldría de los límites de esta discusión examinar en detalle
las fluctuaciones y la complejidad de los factores que afec-
taron la evolución de los precios de las exportaciones y de
las importaciones principales de la región. En el caso del
café, por ejemplo, que para más de la tercera parte de las
repúblicas es uno de los principales productos de exporta-
´ción, una aguda, aunque pasajera disminución en la produc-
ción brasileña causada por condiciones atmosféricas adver-
sas, elevó los precios y estimuló una serie de compras espe
culativas. Con respecto a las importaciones, la tendencia
hacia la sustitución de bienes de consunio por bienes de
capital jugó un papel importante, ya que los precios de estos
últimos tendieron a aumentar más lentamente que los pre-
cios de los bienes de consumo. " Además, los precios de los
productos elaborados de Europa Occidental tendieron a decli-
nar durante cierto período debido a la devaluación de la libra
esterlina y otras divisas y en algunos países tuvo lugar
cierto cambio hacia fuentes de abastecimiento europeas.
No obstante, el factor principal en la mejoría de los tér-.
minos del intercambio fue el aumento de precio de las
exportaciones de Latinoamérica, motivado por la demanda
extraordinaria causada por la situación de la postguerra a
la cual nos hemos referido. De manera que fueron circuns-
tancias especiales, en lugar de fuerzas económicas básicas,
las que produjeron la variación en los términos del comercio
y el mantenimiento de la tendencia durante un período tan
largo. Cuando estas circunstancias desaparecieron, la ten-
dencia histórica a la decadencia volvió a manifestarse" y
llegó a su fin este período de "florecimiento óptimo" de la
economía. En 1958 el aumento per cápita del PBN fue sola-
mente de 0.5%, descendiendo a 0.3% y en 1959 y a un nivel
probablemente aún más bajo en 1960. '*
14-00000
3. Otras consideraciones acerca
del tema principal
Examinando ahora la actividad económica propiamente
dicha, recordemos que para Latinoamérica, en conjunto, el
promedio anual de aumento del PBN per cápita, fue 
de 2.7%
para la década posterior a la guerra y de 2.5
% para los 12
años. Considerando las repúblicas por separado, la 
gran ma.
yoría compartió esta expansión en un grado mayor o menor
y relativamente se registraron pocas variaciones en los 
ni-
veles comparatives de sus respectivos PBN per capita
, sin
embargo debe examinarse la tendencia en algunos 
de los
países más importantes.
El ritmo de desarrollo de México, aunque aminoró después
de 1950, fue aproximadamente el mismo que el del conjunto
de la región durante el periodo de 12 años. En 1957 el 
PBN
per cápita de México alcanzó 280 dólares, siendo 
todavía
menor que el nivel de 335 dólares registrado en ese año para
el conjunto de la región."
La marcha de la economía brasileña fue notablemente
mejor que el promedio, con un incremento anual per cápita
de cerca de 3.5%. Como resultado, durante los 12 años, el
PBN per cápita relativamente bajo del Brasil mejoró sufi-
cientemente llegando a ser en 1957 aproximadamente igual
al de, México. El fenómeno brasileño refleja en parte la
situación especiamente favorable de los países exportadores
de café. Así, el aumento de! per cápita de los países produc-
tores de café de Centroamérica y de Colombia fue mayor
que el promedio de Latinoamérica. Esta última República,
por ejemplo, registró un incremento anual per cápita de
cerca del 3% entre 1945 y 1957.
En el caso de Argentina, se notó una desviación conside-
rable del ritmo medio de desarrollo regional. Aunque de
1945 a 1948 se registró un extraordinario incremento anual
per cápita de 6.4%, para el periodo de 12 años, el aumento
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
་
15
promedio per cápita fue solamente de 1% anual Un factor
significativo de la decadencia posterior a 1948 fue la situa-
ción desfavorable de las exportaciones argentinas de carnes
y granos. Como resultado se produjo un continua empeora-
miento en los términos del comercio exterior, tendencia
excepcional en la América Latina, compartida solamente por
Cuba como indicamos anteriormente. Sin embargo, con un
PBN per capità de 525 dólares en 1957, el nivel argentino
se mantuvo muy superior ai promedio latinoamericano y
solamente detrás de Venezuela, país del que trataremos
posteriormente":
La desviación chilena de la norma regional fue aún mayor
que la argentina. De 1945 a 1955 el PBN prácticamente se
mantuvo, mientras que en los años siguientes disminuyó
alrededor de un 8%. En realidad, a partir de 1953 el ritmo
de desarrollo no logró mantenerse al nivel del aumento de
población. Así el PBN per cápita chileno que en 1945 era
bastante más elevado que el promedio latinoamericano, dis-
minuyó a menos de 300 dólares en 1957.
La experiencia chilena también es excepcional desde otro
punto de vista. La economía del país se mantuvo estancada,
aunque disfrutó de una mejoría sustancial en las condiciones
del comercio exterior. Este fenómeno reflejs en parte el
fracaso de las ganancias posteriores a la segunda guerra al
no lograr recuperar lo perdido después de la debacle del
cobre en la depresión del 30, pero más aún refleja la disi-
pación improductiva de los recursos adquiridos durante el
período de bonanza posterior a la guerra".
Finalmente, Cuba, duramente afectada por la caida del
precio del azúcar después de la guerra de Corea y a pesar
del alza de 1956-57, tampoco logró elevar su PBN per cápita
durante el periodo de doce años. El PBN per cápita de Cuba,
que era de 485 dólares en 1957. se mantuvo considerable-
mente más elevado que el promedio de Latinoamérica.
De aquí que el desarrollo extremadamente lento de la
Argentina y el estancamiento de Chile y Cuba( que juntas
constituyen aproximadamente el 17% de la población de
América Latina) representan tendencias no comunes y, por
consiguiente, su situación excepcional debe ser tenida en
cuenta. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista global, el caso.
de estos países no invalida el significado, cualquiera que este
sea, que pueda ser atribuido a los cálculos oficiales del des-
arrollo de Latinoamérica en conjunto.
14-00000
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
17
4. Perspectivas de aumento
aparente del PBN.
Ha llegado el momento de preguntarnos, ¿cuál es el signi-
ficado de los cálcuos oficiales mencionados anteriormente?
¿Qué desarrollo y que tipo de desarrollo fue el alcanzado
durante este histórico "florecimiento óptimo" de la eco-
nonia de Latinoamérica? Comenzaremos aceptando en su
valor nominal la cifra de 2.5% como promedio anual de
incremento per cápita del PBN de la región. Como ya vimos,
el PBN alcanzó en 1957 su cifra más alta de todos los tiem-
pos: 835 dólares. Si Latinoamérica pudiera recuperarse y
mantener ininterrumpidamente su ritmo de desarrollo de
1945 a 1957, a partir del momento en que se produjera esta
recuperación, tardaría alrededor de 55 años para alcanzar el
PBN per cápita de Francia o lnglaterra en 1957 que fue de
1300 dólares. Alcanzar el PBN per capita de los Estados
Unidos en 1957, que era de 2600, dólares, demandaría cerca
de S5 años.
Si consideramos las posibilidades hipotéticas de algunas
de las repúblicas latinoamericanas por separado, el pronós-
tico no sería más alentador. Aunque Brasil, con su ritmo
de desarrollo de 3.5% per cápita, estaría en condiciones más
ventajosas que la mayoría de las otras repúblicas, desde el
momento en que su economia se recuperara, le exigiría 45
y 65 años para alcanzar los niveles de 1957 antes menciona-
dos. Argentina, con su ritmo de desarrollo menor que el
promedio ya pesar de su base más alta, tardaría 90 años
en alcanzar los niveles de 1957. de Francia o Inglaterra y
160 el de los Estados Unidos. Para alrededor de la mitad de
las repúblicas, con un PBN per capita inferior a 200 dólares
y con un ritmo de desarrollo de 2.5% anual, el promedio
sería de 80 y 110 años respectivamente.
Pero en este "alcanzar" a los países desarrollados debe
considerarse otro aspecto. Mientras en 1940 el PBN per
capita de Latinoamérica era un sexto del norteamericano,
en 1957 la proporción había descendido a un octavo. En el
caso de Argentina, de la mitad descendió aproximadamente
a un quinto del nivel de los Estados Unidos.
Así, desde el punto de vista de In satisfacción de las nece-
sidades de desarrollo de Latinoamérica, al parecer la acele-
ración de la actividad económica del conjunto de la región
alcanzada durante el período de 1945-57, dėja algo que
desear. Aun si el ritmo de desarrollo de este período pudiera
ser revivido o que es el objetivo máximo propuesto por
los economistas de la CEPAL", para unos pueblos donde las
vastas mayorías no pueden satisfacer las necesidades mini-
mas de alimentación, vestido y alojamiento, sin hablar ya
de las necesidades fundamentales de la vida civilizada, las
pespectivas hipotéticas, sumamente difíciles de aceptar con
ecuanimidad, aún en el más favorable de los casos, son de
aplazar por medio siglo el logro del nivel de vida correspon-
diente a un PBN que represente solamente la mitad del
actual de los Estados Unidos.
Todo esto se refiere al valor nominal del desarrollo alcan-
zado durante ese período de doce años. No obstante, las
conclusiones reales que deben hacerse de este "florecimiento..
óptimo" son aún más desalentadoras. La razón es que el
dispositivo convencional utilizado para medir el funciona-
miento de la economía de Latinoamérica, es extraordinaria-
mente engañoso. Exagera grandemente el nivel comparativo
de desarrollo frente a los países altamente industrializados
y el desarrollo real alcanzado en términcs puramente regio-
nales. Consideraremos ahora los dos aspectos engañosos en
ese mismo orden.
==
14-00000
5.- Comparación del Producto
Bruto Nacional
Muchos economistas dedicados al problema del subdes-
arrollo, admiten que una comparación de la magnitud de los
PBN de un país atrasado y de un país industrializado, es
un cómputo sumamente inexacto de los niveles relativos de
sus respectivas economías. No obstante, raramente se toman
el trabajo de examinar cuán inexacto es este sistema. Con-
secuentemente, dejan de apreciar la diferencia real que los
separa, que es significativamente mayor de lo que las esta.
disticas sobre el PBN indican.
En 1955, por ejemplo, el PBN per cápita de los Estados
Unidos era ocho veces mayor que el de Latinoamérica, pero
el consumo de acero per capita, un indice básico del nivel
de desarrollo económico, era dieciséis veces mayor en los
Estados Unidos. Una diferencia similar se observa compa-
rando a Latinoamérica con otros paises desarrollados: El
PBN per cápita de Inglaterra era cuatro veces mayor, mien-
tras el consumo per capita de acero era nueve veces mayor.
En Francia las proporciones eran de cuatro y siete, en Aus-
tria de dos y cinco". Otros indices significativos del des-
arrollo económico el consumo per cápità de energia y de
cobre coinciden más o menos con el consumo de acero.
Ciertos economistas que pasan por alto este aspecto pre-
fieren otro modo de tratar la cuestión. Afirman que la con-
versión de las unidades monetarias de los países subdesarro
flados en dólares, exagera la diferencia real entre los niveles
de las economías atrasadas y las economins desarrolladas.
"Las cifras de los ingresos per capita [el producto] de los
países pobres, cuando son expresadas en dólares resultan
demasiado bajas; ésto ayuda a explicar cómo algunas perso-
nas subsisten con un ingreso per capita de 50 dólares al
año...". Es indudablemente cierto que los individuos con
ingresos de 50 dólares al año pagan menos alquiler y la ropa
y la comida les cuestan menos, pero la razón es que probable-
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
19
mente estas personas viven en una choza hecha por ellos
anismos, en terreno ajeno. sin agua y servicios sanitarios
'estén subalimentadas, anden descalzas y sus únicas ropas
sean los harapos que cubren sus espaldas. Por lo tanto, es
un hecho que "subsiste" durante un período relativamente
corto, ya que su cálculo de vida sería menos de la mitad del
promedio para el habitante de los Estados Unidos.
La comparación del PBN de Latinoamérica y de los países
desarrollados, también es afectada materialmente por el
factor de las inversiones extranjeras. Las estadisticas de
Venezuela ilustran muy bien este punto. Como lo expresa
W. W. Rostow, sin darle gran importancia: "Venezuela ha
sido por algún tiempo una "economía enquistada"; con un
indice alto de inversiones concentrado en un sector de expor
tación moderno, cuyo crecimiento no ha generado ningún
impulso en la economía venerolana". Examinemos esta
situación más detenidamente.
De acuerdo con las estadisticas publicadas, en 1957 el
sector de la minería, que en la práctica quiere decir extrac
ción extranjera del petróleo, representaba el 34% del PBN
venezolano. La proporción real probablemente es aún mayor.
pero es difícil determinar cuanto de lo que figura en los
capítulos de construcción, transporte, comunicaciones y
"otros", es una parte de las operaciones petroleras. Una
prueba adicional de la importancia del petróleo la ofrece el
hecho de que la agricultura y la industria de elaboración
representen el 7% y el 11% respectivamente, en el PBN
venezolano. Simultáneamente, las compañías petroleras:
emplean menos del 2% de la mano de obra activa del país".
Las estadísticas sobre el desarrollo económico de Vene-
zuela son de lo más impresionantes. En 1945-57 el aumento:
promedio del PBN per capita fue de 4.5%, que con mucho
fue el más alto de Latinoamérica. En 1957, el PBN per cápita
en Venezuela era de aproximadamente 1,000 dólares, tres
veces el de Latinoamérica en conjunto, incluyendo a Vene-
zuela; dos veces el de la Argentina, que es el país más des-
arrollado de la región y considerablemente mayor que el de
Italia. El consumo per cápita de acero de Venezuela era seis
veces mayor que el promedio de Latinoamérica y aproxima-
damente igual al de Suiza. En 1958 el consumo per cápita
de energía en Venezuela fue algo mayor que el de Francia".
Estas cifras reflejan, desde luego, las actividades de las
compañías de petróleo estadounidenses y anglo-holandesas
14-00000
MAURICE HALFERIN
20
que operan en Venezuela, pero no nos dicen casi nada acerca
de la economía nacional prepiamente dicha. Harvey 
O'Connor
describe algunas de las realidades de esa economía:
"Antes del petróleo, Venezuela se alimentaba a si misma
de algún modo. Hoy produce solamente la mitad del maiz,
la mitad de la carne, una tercera parte de los vegetales y
los granos y la mitad de la leche que consume. Hay menos
ganado que en tiempos de la Revolución de 1812... La fan-
tástica prosperidad que ha descendido sobre Caracas es tan
irreal como algo salitio de Hollywood... Todo eso es sola-
mente motivo de curiosidad para las-9/10 partes del pueblo,
que vive fuera del mundo encantado del petróleo. Ahuyen-
tados por la enfermedad y disgregados por el hambre...
por lo menos 200,000 venezolanos han abandonado los cam-
pos para dirigirse a la dorada Caracas, en donde viven bajo.
los puentes, a lo largo de las cañadas, o en las laderas de 
los
cerros en los irónicamente llamados 'ranchos', construidos
con los desperdicios de la ciudad””.
De hecho, "la economía enquistada" en Venezuela falsca
seriamente las estadísticas del desarrollo de toda Latino-
américa. Por ejemplo, durante el período de cinco años de
1953-57, a las compañías extranjeras que operan en Vene-
zuela correspondió el 23%. aproximadamente de todas las
exportaciones de Latinoamérica. En el año 1957 la cifra
llegó casi al 28%". Con respecto a los cálculos del PRN, si
quitamos a Venezuela, que representa un poco más del 3%
de la población de Latinoamérica, el promedio de aumento
del PBN per cápita de la región durante el periodo de 1950-
57, se reduce aproximadamente en una cuarta parte".
Si bien es la más sobresaliente, Venezuelá no es la única
"economía enquistada" en Latinoamérica. Honduras, domi-
nada por dos compañías bananeras extranjeras que, como
Robert Alexander describe, "equivalen a estados dentro de
otro estado", es otro ejemplo típico Cuba, antes de la
Revolución, también lo era en un grado apreciable, como
declaró públicamente un reciente Embajador de los Estados
Unidos en Cuba, "...hasta la llegada de Castro al poder...
el embajador americano era la segunda figura de importan-
cia en el país; algunas veces más importante aún que el
Presidente". En realidad no hay prácticamente ninguna
república latinoamericana en donde falte un "sector moderno.
de exportación" de propiedad extranjera; algunas constitu-
yen "énquistamientos económicos" más o menos grandes
pero en todos los casos sus contribuciones a los ingresos y al
desarrollo económico "pertenecen más propiamente a los
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
21
paises en donde las campañías están domiciliadas”, que a
los países en donde operan,,.
Unas cuantas cifras y hechos indicarán, de manera par-
cial, con qué estos "enquistamientos económicos" inflan el
funcionamiento real de las economías nacionales de Latino-
america. En 1957, por ejemplo, Ins empresas de inversión
directa de Estados Unidos, que representan aproximada-
mente al 85% del total de las inversiones directas extran-
jeras tuvieron una producción que ascendió a 8.000
"millones de dólares dentro de la producción bruta de. Latino-
américa, o sea más del 18% del PBN de 1957" y, sin duda,
una proporción aún mayor en la producción de bienes ma-
teriales. Estas empresas exportaron fuera de Latinoamérica
mercancías valoradas en casi 3.000 millones de dólares", o
sex casi la mitad de todas las exportaciones de mercancías
de Latinoamérica, sin incluir el comercio dentro de la región,
y el 80% de las exportaciones de la región de los Estados
Unidos".
Estas cifras, a su vez, indican un serio falseamiento de
las ganacias reales de las economías nacionales, como resul-
tado de los diversos tipos de utilidades extraídas por medio
de las operaciones de las inversionés extranjeras. Muchas
de estas remisiones de utilidades son dificiles de descubrir,
pero podemos tener alguna idea de sù importancia incluso
si consideramos las remisiones de utilidades e intereses qué
se publican, por ejemplo, la salida de divisas, excluyendo
amortizaciones, ascendió a 3,625 millones de dólares durante
el periodo de 1955 a 1957, aparentemente una porción insig-
nificante del PBN. Sin embargo, como constituyó un drenaje
de divisas extranjeras, absorbió el 14% de las ganancias
por concepto de exportaciones durante este período de tres
años. Más aún, el promedio de absorción de divisas aumentó
de manera continuada después de los años inmediatos a la
guerra, cuando dicho promedio era del 10%. En términos
absolutos, el drenaje se duplicó durante el período compren-
dido entre los años 1947 y 1957“.
En vista de la decisiva importancia que la capacidad de
importar tiene en la economía de América Latina, especial-
mente para adquirir los medios de producción, esta pérdida
de medios económices no es tan pequeña como parece. En
1957 equivalió aproximadamente al 70% del costo de toda
la maquinaria industrial importada durante el año, sola-
mente un poco menos del 70% de las inversiones de ese año
en ese sector clave".
14-00000
6.- Las realidades del desarrollo
económico en Latinoamerica
BESARTOLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS KN LA AMERICA LATINA
23
Agricultura
23.5
Industria
20:0
Construcción
3.5
Mineria
5.0
(Sub-total de la producción)
52.0
Comercio y Finanzas
17.0
Otros servicios
15.0
Gobierno.
7.5
(Subtotal de servicios)
89.5
8.5
100.0
100.0
Retornando al segundo aspecto de la disparidad entre las
realizaciones aparentes y reales del desarrollo alcanzado por
lo que hemos definido como el "florecimiento óptimo" de la
economía latinoamericans, recordemos que el concepto ofi-
cialmente empleado para el PBN en la apreciación del des-
arrollo, incluye bienes y servicios. Sin discutir si es un con-
cepto válido en el caso de un pais altamente industrializado
como los Estados Unidos, es sin lugar a dudas sumamente
equívoco cuando se aplica a una economía subdesarrollada.
Por su misma definición, una economía tal es primaria
y básicamente deficiente en producción, es decir, tanto en
capacidad productiva como en la producción real de produc-
tos agrícolas e industriales, que combinados determinan la
capacidad física de un pais para mantener un determinado
nivel de vida. Para una economía sudbesarrollada sólo la
producción de bienes materiales puede tener alguna signi-
ficación en cuanto al desarrollo. Ciertamente, para una re-
gión como Latinoamérica. un aumento en el número de
salones de belleza o cabarets o en la cuantía de la policia u
otras actividades que se enmarcan como servicios sin im-
portar su contribución a las alegrías o las penas que propor-
cionen a uno u otro sector de la población no puede repre-
sentar desarrollo económico. En realidad, como Paul Baran
sugiere con respecto a la mayoría de los países y nosotros
incluimos a Latinoamérica dentro de esos países-lo opuesto
es lo indudablemente cierto. Los servicios absorben capital
y otros recursos desesperadamente necesarios para la pro-
ducción y de esa forma retardan el desarrollo económico".
El grado en que los servicios inflan el PBN de Latino-
américa se revela en un examen de sus componentes. En
1956-57, sus proporciones respectivas (en porcentajes re-
dondeados) dentro del total fueron las siguientes:**
Transportes y Comunicaciones 8.5
De manera que en números redondos, ligeramente más del
50% del PBN latinoamericano está claramente constituido
por la producción de bienes materiales y alrededor del 40%
por servicios. El resto comunicaciones y transportes-
está constituido por ambos y no puede ser clasificado sin
un análisis más detallado. No obstante, para nuestro propó-
sito no se requiere una apreciación más detallada. Es sufi-
ciente con hacer notar que los servicios problablemente con-
tituyen casi la mitad del PBN de la región. Aún más, para
toda la región y para la mayoría de las repúblicas por se-
parado, durante 1945-57 hubo poca variación en la relación
entre los servicios y la producción en el PBN". Los servi-
cios per capita aumentaron en un promedio anual práctica-
mente idéntico al del PBN. Consecuentemente, cerca de la
mitad de la expansión económica de 1945-57 no contribuyó
ni al desarrollo de Latinoamérica ni a su capacidad de des-
arrollo.
Volviendo a la producción de bienes materiales, se deduce
que, en conjunto, también aumentó aproximadamente en el
mismo nivel que el PBN. De aqui que pueda argumentarse
que aunque ei PBN exagera grandemente las dimensiones
del desarrollo real en términos absolutos, en este sentido,
indica de marera precisa los adelantos reiativos en la pro
ducción material y, por tanto, es una apreciación razonable
del indice real de desarrollo. Sin embargo, no solo el índice
sigue siendo insatisfactorio, como ya hemos visto, sino que
resulta mucho más inadecuado de lo que parece a primera.
vista.
Ello estriba en que la valoración del PBN en Latino-
américa, y en las regiones subdesarrolladas en general, es
aún más complicada por el comportamiento desigual de los
principales sectores de la producción y por consideraciones
14-00000
24
EURION HALFERIN
cualitativas especiales. Es fundamental saber no solamente
cuánta producción, sino también qué clase de producción.
para comprender el proceso de crecimiento de una economía
débil y falsenda. Por ejemplo, un aumento en la producción
que refleje la expansión del monocultivo o la explotación ex-
tranjera de los recursos naturales o la elaboración de artícu
los de lujo para el consumo doméstico, figurarian siempre
como contribuciones al desarrollo económico en cualquier
cómputo estadístico. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista
de la única clase de desarrollo que tiene sentido para un
país subdesarrollado, las resultantes principales de tal au-
mento pudieran muy bien ser desfavorables. Por esta razón
debemos examinar algunos aspectos, salientes del desarrollo
en los principales sectores de la producción del PBN.
a. El sector agricola.
El aumento promedio anual per cápita de la producción
agrícola en Latinoamérica en 1945-57, fue solamente de
1.5%. El indice fundamental de desarrollo en este sector
sería la producción de alimentos para el consumo, pero éste
aumentó a un ritmo aún menor que los cultivos para la
exportación. En todo caso, el promedio general de 1.5% no
bastó para mantener el nivel per cápita de producción ante-
rior a la guerra, tanto de la agricultura en su conjunto, como
de la producción de alimentos.considerada separadamente.
La disminución per cápita de la producción, fue sustancial
durante la mayor parte del período. Solamente en 1956/57,
el mejor año del período,el nivel se acercó al de 1933/34 -
1937/38**.
Para una región en la que, como Preston James dice sin
rodeos, "podemos afirmar que una gran parte de la pobla-
ción está sufriendo hambre", este record no representa
desarrollo en ningún sentido. Es más bien una afirmación
de la agravación de la crisis permanente basada en el sistema
conocido y profundamente asentado del monopolio feudal y
neo-feudal sobre la tierra. Todas las estadísticas disponibles
apuntan hacia una concentración continuada y probable-
mente ascendente de la propiedad sobre la tierra en los años
recientes. Un estudio de Moacyr Paixao demuestra que en
el Brasil, poco más del 3% de los propietarios están en pose-
sión de más del 62% de la tierra arable, mientras que el
85% de los campesinos posee menos del 17% de la tierra.
La situación en Cuba, antes de 1959, era parecida: menos
del 1.5% de las empresas agricolas poseían el 47% de las
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
23
tierras, mientras el 70% de las propiedades ocupaban poco
más del 11% de la tierra**.
Aún en México, en donde una reforma agraria extensa;
pero solamente efectiva en parte, había tenido lugar antes
de 1940, un nuevo proceso de concentración de la tierra
comenzó después de aquel año. De acuerdo con Luis Yáñez
Pérez, hacia 1950 alrededor del 50% de las tierras cultivadas
estában en posesión del 13% de los cultivadores, mientras
708 grandes empresarios obtenían el 35% del total de los
ingresos agrícolas de la república".
Hacia 1955, de acuerdo con un cálculo semiofical mexi-
cano, el sector privado agrícola, en contraste con el sector
comúnal creado por la reforma agraria, se había expandido
de tal manera que "podía ser aún mayor que las propiedades
privadas en 1930", és decir, antes de que se distribuyeran
la mayoría de las tierras como consecuencia de la reforma
agraria. El hecho de que muchas de las nuevas grandes
propiedades sean empresas capitalistas relativamente efi-
cientes, no altera el significado de la "contra-reforma" ya
que éstas se han dedicado casi exclusivamente a producir
productos de exportación, emplean mucho menos obreros
de los que de otra forma pudieran subsistir de la tierra y
de ahí resulta que retardan la producción desesperadamente
necesaria de comestibles para el mercado interno y agravan
la seria situación de desempleo agrícola.
Para el conjunto de Latinoamérica, Otto Feinstein resume
de manera conservadora la situación actual de la posesión
de la tierra y su utilización como sigue: "la distribución de
la tierra está hecha de tal manera que una proporción infi-
nitesimal de los clasificados como propietarios legales de la
tierra posee una vasta mayoría de la misma. Menos del 5%
de los terratenientes posee usualmente más del 50% de la
tierra. Esto no sólo significa concentración de la tierra en
grandes propiedades, usualmente incapaces de financiar su
modernización, sino también que casi todos los otros propie-
tarios poseen usualmente parcelas demasiado pequeñas
para una producción racional"."
A esto hay que añadir solamente que sin una revolución
agraria no una mera reforma que haga posible la asi-
milación de la técnica del siglo XX en la producción agrícola,
cualquier florecimiento óptimo o de otro género de la eco-
nomía latinoaméricana, es incapaz, por su indole, de satis-
facer las necesidades de desarrollo de la región.
14-00000
.
1
26
MAURICE HALFERIN
b. El sector industrial.
Aunque el estancamiento de la agricultura y, en particu-
lar, de los productos alimenticios, reduce considerablemente
la significación del aumento total en la producción de bienes
materiales, el hecho de que la producción de la industria de
elaboración aumentó a un promedio anual de 32 per cápita
-mas del doble det numento de la agricutura- el hecho
aportó algo sustancial, tanto cualitativa cómo cuantitativa-
mente al desarrollo material alcanzado durante este perío-
do. Un resulīdo es el cambio que se operó en la distribu-
ción por sectores del PBN de Latinoamérica. En 1945 la
industria de elaboración y la construcción representaban el
17% del PBN y la agricultura el 26%, mientras que en 1957,
como ya hemos indicado, la participación de la industria
de elaboración y de la construcción juntas igualaron la de la
agricultura, representando cada una el 23.5"
· Si consideramos los países separadamente, encontramos
que los incrementos relativos en el sector de la industria.de:
elaboración, fueron relativamente más pronunciados en las
repúblicas menos industrializadas, aunque al mismo tiempo,
al fin del período, la agricultura aún mantenia su posición.
predominante. Asi, en Colombia, por ejemplo, el sector agri-
cola descendió del 45 al 31% del PBN, y aún esta proporción
superaba la aportación de la industria de elaboración. El
modelo en Brasil, que en este aspecto representó una ex-
cepción entre los cuatro países de mayor producción indus-
trial fue el mismo que en Colombia: en 1957 el sector
agricola aún era el predominante. En cuanto a Argentina, .
Chile y México, donde la industria había sobrepasado ligera-
mente a la agricultura en 1945, el cambio registrado en la
importancia relativa de dichos sectores fue insignificante".
Mientras que para las economías subdesarrolladas del
conjunto de Latinoamérica la relativa industrialización in-
dicada por los cambios operados en esos dos sectores del
PBN, tiene algunas implicaciones de desarrollo positivo, el
grado de desarrollo industrial alcanzado es exagerado por
muchos de los resúmenes estadísticos. Por ejemplo, nos
encontramos que una proporción sustancial de lo que es
clasificado como actividad industrial - aún en las repúbli-
cas más desarrolladas- continúa técnicamente al nivel de
las operaciones de unn herreria rural..
La situación en Perú, sobre la cual pueden hallarse esta-
dísticas recientes y bastante numerosas, puede ser conside-
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO 7 crisis EN LA AMERICA LATINA
27
rada tipica para la mayor parte de Latinoamérica. Desde
el punto de vista del desarrollo industrial en general, Perú
tiene una situación ligeramente mejor que la media entre las
20 repúblicas y su PBN y su desarrollo industrial en los
últimos años se acerca al promedio de la región. Además,
Perú posee una moderna fundición de hierro y acero.
En 1955, ligeramente más del 80% de la mano de obra
industrial, incluyendo artesanos, trabajaba en talleres que,
con un promedio de menos de 14 obreros, y probablemente
la mitad de ese número, producían el 40% de los productos
elaborados del pais. En el caso del Perú es difícil hablar
de progresos serios industriales por otra razón: de 1945-55
hubo una disminución en la participación relativa de la in-
dustria local en los suministros totales de productos elabo-
rados.
Si consideramos ahora el aumento de la producción de
bienes de capital en Latinoamérica, aparece que ha sido
más sustancial de lo que realmente fue, debido en parte, a la
base tan baja de que se partió. En vista de la complejidad
de la producción industrial y de las diferencias en terminolo-
gía y otros criterios estadísticos usados por las distintas
repúblicas, es difícil determinar la relación entre la produc-
ción de bienes de capital y bienes de consumo, elemento de
bastante importancia para apreciar el nivel de madurez in-
dustrial. No obstante, podemos obtener un cálculo aproximado
en el realizado por las Naciones Unidas de 1954. De acuerdo
con este cálculo, basado en estadísticas de 6 países -Argen-
tina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, México y Venezuela- que
representan el grueso de la producción industrial de Latino-
américa, "las industrias de bienes de capital... representan
no más del 15% de la producción industrial total de Latino-
américa"." Probablemente este porcentaje fue mayor en
1957, aunque quizá no mucho.
Al mismo tiempo, una considerable disipación improduc-
tiva de la producción de bienes de capital limita su impor-
tancia como indice del desarrollo económico básico. En 1945-
67 para toda la región y prácticamente todos los países
por separado, más de la mitad de las inversiones fijas de
capital se orientaron hacia "edificaciones y construcciones",
el mayor porcentaje del cual se concentro en "residencias"
que en Latinoamérica son en abrumadora mayoría casas muy
lujosas, una importante mercancía de la lucrativa especula-
ción urbana."

14-00000
28
MAURICE HALPERIN
Entre las repúblicas más activas industrialmente, se ha
préstado una justificada atención al Brasil. En Brasil la
producción de lingotes de acero se quintuplicó en 10 años
y el valor de 
la producción de bienes de capital aumentó con
una rapidez 
que casi triplica a la de bienes de consumo. No
obstante, 
considerando la producción industrial en conjunto,
los cambios 
estructurales resultantes no han sido tan espec-
taculares 
como los acontecimientos parecen indicar.
Aunque el valor de la producción de bienes de capital
se 
elevó de alrededor 
de un cuarto a un tercio del total de
la producción de la industria de elaboración, en menos de una
década, este éxito está 
seriamente afectado por el hecho de
que la 
producción de maquinaria, en 1959, representó menos
del 3% del 
valor total de la producción industrial. Operando
en una economía 
plagada de persistentes y agudas deficien-
cias de 
energía y transporte - caracteristica prácticamente
común a toda 
América Latina- sin capacidad reproductiva,
produciendo 
exclusivamente para el mercado interior y de-
pendiendo de 
las ganancias por concepto de exportaciones
de café y de inversiones 
directas de capital extranjero, para
obtener bienes de capital y 
varias materias primas, la indus-
tria brasileña ha 
aumentado la vulnerabilidad de la economía
ante factores 
externos, sin lograr los medios para una in-
dustrialización básica.
La industria argentina, tradicionalmente la más fuerte de
Latinoamérica en términos de producción per capita, pre-
senta características 
estructurales similares a las del Brasil.
La producción de maquinarias y equipos aumentó en más del
300% entre 
1937-38 y 1955, mientras su participación rela-
tiva en la producción 
industrial se elevó del 3.7 al 6.1%. Sin
embargo, 
reparaciones y reposiciones de piezas representa-
ron el 40% de este 
total, como resultado de lo cual sólo el
60% 
de la producción en este sector representó un incremen-
to de las 
existencias de maquinaria y equipos, de lo cual, a
su vez, el 60% se concentró 
en facilidades de transporte."
La deficiencia fundamental del desarrollo industrial en
Argentina y Brasil, prevalece sobre toda la región. Es resu-
mida 
por el hecho, previamente señalado, de que al fin de
un período 
de 12 años de intensificación de la actividad in-
dustrial 
que culmina la fase moderna de un proceso que
comenzó con la 
primera guerra mundial Latinoamérica
todavía 
dependía de las importaciones para más de 90% de
sus 
necesidades en maquinarias y equipos.
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
29
Dele mencionarse también un factor adicional en relación
con el problema de los "enquistamientos" que hemos abor-
dado, pero que también complica la valoración del desarrollo
de 
Latinoamérica. La gran inayoría de las empresas moder-
nas de 
elaboración de la región son de propiedad extranjera.
Las 
inversiones privadas directas de los Estados Unidos en
este 
sector, más que se duplicaron durante el periodo 1945-
57 y, en 1959, tenían un valor en contabilidad de aproxima-
damente. 1.400 millones de dólares. mayor que la inversión
en cualquier otro sector con excepción del petróleo, y repre-
Isentaban 
cerca de la sexta parte del total de las inversiones.
privadas directas de los Estados Unidos en Latinoamérica.
La mayor parte de estas inversiones se ha dirigido hacia
la industria pesada y hacia la industria alimenticia, y él
70% se ha 
concentrado en Brasil, México y Argentina. Sola-
mente 
Brasil ha recibido más del 30% del total." Se estima
que dentro de una persistente tendencia a la expansión, en
1957 la participación privada extranjera (Estados Unidos
y Europa) en las inversiones en las industrias del Brasil,
representó el 37% de total."
El impacto de esta situación en el desarrollo industrial
y económico de América Latina en términos generales es,
por lo menos, contradictorio. De una parte, existe una pro-
ducción nueva con sus correspondientes efectos multiplica-
dores. Al mismo tiempo, esto no se puede considerar
completamente beneficioso ya que mucha de esta produc-
ción consiste meramente en el montaje de piezas importadas
y también depende de materias primas del exterior.
De otra parte, la capacidad de expansión de las empresas
extranjeras a través de la reinversión de los beneficios está
limitada a largo plazo por las posibilidades de su remisión.
De aqui que mientras mayor sea la expansión, mayor será
la exportación eventual de capital e ipso facto la decapitali-
zación creciente de las seriamente subcapitalizadas econo-
mías latinoamericanas. Como muy bien dice el economista
brasileño Caio Prado (hijo); cualquiera que sea el estímulo
inicial para el desarrollo provisto por las fábricas propiedad
de extranjeros, "con el tiempo se transforma en una obs-
tracción". .
Una observación final puede ser hecha para confirmar
las limitaciones del desarrollo industrial de Latinoamérica.
Es bien conocido que en cualquier región subdesarrollada la
capacidad de la industria para absorver mano de obra es de
ཞ--,
3
14-00000
So)
MAURICE HALPERIN
una importancia decisiva, tanto para la acelerción del des-
arrolló industrial como para el desarroão económico en ge-
neral. En este sentido anotemos que entre 1945 y 1955, la
proporción de la mano de obra dedicats a la agricultura.
decayó del 57.4 51.6%. Esto represents una disminu-
ción apreciable en términos absolutos y un fenómeno asocia-
do teoricamente con el desarrollo económica
Para América Latina lo contrario es cierto. Como lo
describió recientemente un funcionario de is Organización
de Estados Americanos, es un circulo vicioso: la intensifica-
ción de la pobreza en los campos ha estimulado un éxodo
creciente de la población rural hacia ias cidades; el nivel de
la técnica agricola ha sido demasiado bajo para compensar
la péridida de mano de obra, y el desarrobo industrial muy
lento para ofrecer empleo a los campesinos desplazados". De
este modo, la producción del total de trabajadores dedicados
a la industria ya has construcciones, aumento solamente del
17 al 18.5% del total. Al mismo tiempo a parte corresṇan.
diente al sector de los servicios aumentó al 27.4% o sea
a más del doble del indice de la industria y la construcción.**
En otras palabras, el grueso de la mano de obra en éxodo
de la agricultura, incrementó las filas de burieratas, limpia-
botas vendedores de periódicos sirvientes domésticos y
similares, para no mencionar los desempleados. Este fenó-
meno explica al mismo tiempo la disparidad entre el aumento
⚫sin precedente de la población en la América Latina y la
industrialización de la región que avanza macho más lenta-
mente.
*7.— Los ingresos personales durante el
período de "florecimiento optimo"
Para una apreciación general de la evolución de la econo
mia de Latinoamérica, una última pregunta debe ser for-
mulada: ¿Cómo fueron afectados los niveles de vida de las
grandes masas de población? El primer punto en el que se
debe hacer hincapié es el de que de 1945 a 1957 el consumo
per cápita de la región en conjunto aumentó en un 40%,
en comparación con un 31% para el PBN per cápita. Este
fenómeno ha sido descrito como "alentador" por los econo-
mistas de la CEPAL**
Sin embargo, un examen de la distribución de los ingre-
sos creados por el PBN revela que el incremento del consumo
privado aldededor del 80% del consumo total fue limi-
tado estrictamente a una opulenta minoría y de ahí que,
aparte de sus implicaciones sociales pueda ser caracterizado
mejor como una deplorable disipación de la plus-valía. Aún
aceptando que en el caso de Latinoamérica pueda ser justi-
ficado el debate entre teorizantes respecto de cuánto puede
o debe ser "exprimida la población... a través de un aplaza-
miento de la elevación de los niveles de consumo... y utili-
zado para inversiones básicas, con el fin de... lograr un
rápido aumento de la producción", como dice Gunnar Myrdal
en otro texto," existe muy poca justificación para este
"exprimir el jugo" que tiene como consecuencia un super-
consumo y una subinversión por parte de los que perciben
las utilidades y que, consecuentemente, no ofrece ninguna
persepectiva para un rápido aumento de la producción.
A pesar de que las estadísticas sobre ingresos personales
están muy diseminadas y son relativamente poco exactas,
todo evidencia que la significativa disparidad entre los in-
gresos de las clases poseedoras y la clase trabajadora en
América Latina, se ha incrementado durante este período y,
como resultado, los problemas materiales y sociales de la
14-00000
32
MAURICE HALPERIN
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
33
pobreza durante el periodo de bonanza han sido iguales, si
no mayores, que antes
Esta situación la confirma la continua niigración de cam-
pesinos desposeidos y la situacón de hambre a la cual ya
nos hemos referide. Otros sintomas han sido las vastas lu-
chas sociales y las salvajes represiones politicas que alcan-
zaron un grado de intensidad y una extensión geográfica
probablemente inigualada en América Latina durante cual-
quier otro periodo de alto indice de actividad económica.
Un sintoma general es el agudo encarecimiento de la vida
en la mayoría de los países, que aún de acuerdo con las
cifras oficiales, alcanzó proporciones fenomenales en algu-
nas repúblicas, a pesar de la subestimación habitual y no-
toria de los organismos que confeccionan las estadisticas en
casi todos los gobiernos." Los salarios normalmente se. re-
zagaron y, aún en los casos en que las huelgas forzaron
ajustes temporales más o menos correctos, el alza de los
precios fue tan rápido, que siembre hubo un lapso de tiempo
en el cual los ingresos reales de los asalariados disminu
yeron.
Las tendencias fluctuaron en dependencia de los países
y de los años. Las estadísticas de Argentina indican que un
alza real en los salarios y los sueldos industriales durante
los primeros años de la postguerra, fue seguida por una
tendencia a la disminución después de 1949. El record no
es tan claro en Brasil y en Colombia, en donde en cualquier
caso "los salarios reales per cápita en la industria disminu-
yeron algo en los últimos años, a pesar de un aumento en la
producción per capita"." En general y a largo plazo, la
clásica "redistribución de la riqueza" caracteristica de la
inflación prolongada y rápida, impuso su tributo a los asala-
riados de América Latina..
Son dignas de consideración las estadísticas chilenas so-
bre este punto, porque son más completas y merecedoras
de confianza que la mayoría de las otras. De 1945 a 1957, la
proporción relativa de los gastos totales nacionales de los
.consumidores, representados por los salarios y los sueldos
de oficina, disminuyó en un 10%, mientras que el consumo
derivado de utilidades, intereses y rentas, aumentó en cerca,
de un 15%. Al mismo tiempo, el hecho de que el consumo
per cápita de artículos tales como carne, patatas y especial-
mente trigo, disminuyera sustancialmente durante el perío-
do. sugiere que la mayoria de às chilenos se empobreció,
• tanto en términos relativos come absolutos."
Aparentemente, en Perá en donde una buena parte de los
ingresos no se compatan come salarios. las "caracteristicas
generales de la distribución de los ingresos no experimentó
ninguna variación sustancial entre 1945 y 1955". Durante
esta década, alrededor del 5% de la población total del
Perú pudo satisfacer solamente las "necesidades minimas.
para la subsistencia", lo cual estivertido en términos mone-
tarios, significa un consume anal per cápita equivalente.
a no más de 50 dólares, mens de la tercera parte del per
cápita promedio- nacional
En Venezuela, la mayor parte de los datos conocidos seña-
lan una mayor diferenciación entre los ingresos de las altas
capas y los de la mayoría. De acuerdo con un análisis, alre-
dedor de tres cuartas partes de la población venezolana
percibe menos de un tercio de enormemente exagerado per
cápita de ingresos nacionales En Cuba, una sola estadistica
nos dice lo suficiente acerca de la distribución de los ingresos;
con anterioridad a la Revolución de 1959, el promedio anual
de desocupados era de un
Se puede argumentar que las estadisticas concernientes
a Cuba, Chile e incluso a Argentina, carecen en cierto modo
de relieve, ya que esas repülüss experimentaren poco o
ningún desarrollo en 1945-57. No se puede decir lo mismo
sobre México, país sobre el cual recientemente se han publi-
cado notables estadísticas acerca de la distribución de los
ingresos.
De acuerdo con un análisis detallado y en general de
orientación conservadora, de la economista mexicana Ifigenia
de Navarrete, aparecen los siguientes datos reveladores:"
19 De 1940 a 1950, los ingresos personales de los empre
sarios se elevaron del 60% al 66% de los ingresos personales
en la república, mientras los de los asalariados disminuyeron
de la misma forma del 40 al 34% del total.
29 De 1950 a 1957 en términos de ingresos familiares, (a)
el promedio de ingresos mensuales en las familias de las
capas más humildes, que comprenden el 20% de la población
mexicana, fue de 22.3 dólares en 1950 y de 19.8 en 1957
-computados en
pesos de 1957 y convertidos en
dólares de ese mismo año representando una declinación
relativa del 6% al 4.5% de los ingresos totales y una decli-
T
14-00000
34'
MAURICE HALPERIN
nación absoluta del 11% (b) para la mitad de la población.
Encuerdo 20% de los espas más hundes; promedio
de ingresos familiares reales fue aproximadamente el mismo
en 1950 y en 1957. o sea alrededor de 28 dólares al mes
- en dólares de 1957- lo cual representa, no obstante, una
disminución relativa del 19 al 15.5% de los ingresos fami-
liares totales; (c) mientras en 1950, el 70% de las familias.
recibieron el 81.5 de los ingresos familiares totales, en
1957 recibieron solamente el 28.5.
Si existe alguna exageración en este estudio de la ten-
dencia del ingreso de la mayoría de los mexicanos a perma-
necer estacionario o aún a disminuir, es en el sentido de
subestimarla. Por ejemplo, de acuerdo con la profesora
soviética M. V. Danilyevitch, los ingresos reales de los obre-
ros industriales en México entre 1939 y 1958. mostraron una.
tendencia a la disminución después de 1940, de donde se
deduce la sospecha de que el empobrecimiento absoluto
está más difundido de lo que demuestra el análisis de la
economista mexicana. Esta sospecha es apoyada por las ten-
dencias en el consumo de alimentos per cápita. De 1934-36
a 1952-56; de acuerdo con una encuestra de las Naciones-
Unidas, un análisis de la información obtenible "revela la
existencia de varias tendencias importantes que se han re-
flejado en un descenso de los niveles de nutrición"."
En todo caso no hay probablemente ninguna exageración
en la conclusión general propuesta por la señora Navarrete
como resultado de su estudio, afirmando que del 65 al 70%
de la población mexicana no tuvo ninguna participación-
en los "beneficios del desarrollo econónico". No se pecaría
de exageración si se afirmara que las privaciones sufridas
durante este período de "florecimiento óptimo de la econo-
mía por el grueso de la población mexicana, bajo las condi-
_ciones relativamente favorables de la economía de ese país,
fueron más intensas en la gran mayoría de las otras repú-
blicas 
latinoamericanas.
8. Conclusiones:
El camino hacia el desarrollo
Ciertamente muchos círculos se han percatado de la
gravedad de la presente crisis en Latinoamérica, como un
desastre económico y la agudización de los conflictos polf-
ticos y sociales. Tampoco han faltado los factores, reales
o imaginarios, aducidos para explicar esta situación. Sin
embargo, es muy frecuente la tendencia -aún entre espe-
cialistas de alguna competencia a conceder verosimilitud
a la noción de que el desarrollo económico ha sido "rápido"
en Latinoamérica, o de que "el desarrollo de América Latina
ha sido impresionante", o de que Latinoamérica "ha llegado
a la edad de un desarrollo económico vigoroso"." Esto, como
hemos tratado de demostrar, está lejos de ser cierto, de
acuerdo con toda la evidencia obtenible. Lo que hemos llama-
do el "florecimiento óptimo" de la economía latinoamericana
se ha confundido con un funcionamiento satisfactorio.
¿Cómo resumir la evidencia? Si existe una fórmula mate-
mática para medir y apreciar el contenido del nodesarrollo
y del antidesarrollo de las actividades económicas que hemos
examinado y definir con precisión el FBN real de Latino
américa, su magnitud relativa en una escala mundial y su
Indice temporal de variabilidad, el autor de este trabajo no
la conoce ni tiene capacidad para inventar una. Pero quizás,
pidiendo prestada una frase a Joan Robinson, "no tiene
objeto encerrar algo en definiciones más precisas que el
sujeto al cual se aplican"." Nosotros podemos añadir: más
precisa que los datos estadísticos escasos e imperfectos con
los cuales tenemos que trabajar.
De aquí que no intentemos formular más que una conclu-
sión general: la de que el desarrollo, tal y como ha tenido
14-00000
.36
MAURICK HALPERIN
lugar, ha sido sumamente exagerado y ha dejado de satisfa-
cer en todos sentidos, sociales o económicos, las necesidades.
de desarrollo de la región. Para concretar, la característica
decisiva de este desarrollo es que dejó de proporcionar o
establecer las bases para un incremento suficiente y rápido
en la capacidad productiva y reproductiva de las ramas de
la economía cuyas deficiencias fundamentales son la causa
principal de la perpetuación del subdesarrollo. Consecuente
mente, a crisis actual de Latinoamérica no marca el fin
de una era de progreso, sino la culminación de un proceso
que agravó, en aspectos esenciales, los males crónicos inter-
nos y la vulnerabilidad externa de la economía subdesarro-
llada y dependendiente de la región.
Los factores que deforman la economía de Latinoamérica e
impiden su desarrollo, están entrelazados tan estrechamente
que no se pueden remediar por separado. Los problemas de
la tenencia de la tierra y su utilización, de las industrias
básicas y de la vulnerabilidad hacia factores externos, son
facetas de un problema mayor: Las ramificaciones políticas
y económicas de la función dominante en toda la región, que .
es la exportación de materias primas bajo términos y con-
diciones dictados desde el exterior.
El "florecimiento óptimo" que hemos estudiado y la crisis
que engendró, indican con suficiente claridad que la econo-
mia latinoamericana ha llegado a la coyuntura donde la
eliminación de la dependencia neocolonial debe ser situada
en la agenda y con ello el abandono del tratamiento espon-
táneo del subdesarrollo. Sólo sobre esta base será posible
adoptar los objetivos sociales y los métodos económicos
racionales que requiere un ataque victorioso contra el
subdesarrollo."
Anotaciones
1. El Mercado Común Latinoamericano, Naciones Unidas,
1959, pág. 51. Aparte del fin de prosperidad de post-
guerra, otros factores son los cambios en la producción y en
la técnica, que afectan el consumo de materias primas natu-
rales, las distintas clases de discriminaciones y competencias
en los países importadores de productes latinoamericanos,
el Mercado Común Europeo, competencia africana, etc.
2. Entre 1939 y 1945, la posesión de oro y valores extran-
jeros aumentó en cinco veces de acuerdo con Post War Price
Relations in Trade between Under-Developed and Industria-
lized Countries. Naciones Unidas 23 de febrero 1949,
pag. 114.
3.-De El Mercado Común Latinoamericano pag. 46.
4. A partir del 1955, en los Estados Unidos el ritmo de
aumento medio anual del producto per capita ha sido de
alrededor del 1%. Para una mayor comprensión del ritmo
de Latinoamérica, es interesante hacer notar que en el pe-
ríodo que estainos considerando ha sido más elevado que en
el conjunto de los países subdesarrollados del Sudeste de
Asia, pero mucho menor que en las paises socialistas del
Este de Europa, en donde, según las apreciaciones más
conservadoras, el aumento per capita de los bienes materia-
les, con toda seguridad ha promediado más del 75 anual en
todos los paises y en algunos hasta el 10% Economic Survey
of Europe, 1956. Naciones Unidas, 1957, Capitulo II, pág. 2).
De 1957 a 1959, cuando el desarrollo de Latinoamérica se
paralizó. "el promedio anual del ritmo de desarrollo llegó
al 17" [15% per cápita] para todos los paises socialistas
y el 10% en la Unión Soviética [9% per cápita]" de acuerdo
con un informe de N. S. Jruschov, Kommunist, No. 1. Enero
de 1961, pág. 10.
5. Análisis y Proyecciones del Desarrollo Económico V.
El Desarrollo Económico de la Argentina Naciones Unidas,
1959. vol. 1. pág. 15. El ritmo de expansión global fue de
4.5% por año, pero la inmigración elevó el aumento de la
población a 3.2% anual. Ritmos de desarrollo elevados, por.
supuesto, se registraron en algunos paises de tiempo en
tiempo, pero solamente por breves períodos.
6. Ifigenia M. Navarrete, La Distribución del Ingreso y
el Desarrollo Económico de México, México, D. F., 1960,
pág. 11.
7. El PBN a precios de mercado, es uno de los dos siste
mas más comprensibles para apreciar la actividad económica;
el otro es la renta nacional, que estima la producción expre-
sada en términos de ganancias derivadas del PBN. La CEPAL
14-00000
MAURICK HALPERIN
de la cual hemos obtenido la mayor parte de nuestras estadis
tiess, considera qué para 
Latinoamérica "los cambios en ei
producto bruto per cápita
, expresado por los precios cons
tantes de un año especifico
, es el método más satisfactorio
5 prictico para apreciar 
el ritmo del desarrollo económico".
La CEPAL define el "
ingreso bruto" para la región como
"equivalente al producto bruto
... más o menos las ganancias
olas perdidas netas resultantes 
de cambios en los términos
del intercambio" y, por 
tanto, menos revelador del "éxito
de los esfuerzos constructivos", 
Economic Bulletin for Latin
America. United Nations
, Vol. 1. No. 2, Septiembre 1956,
pág. 30. De 1945 a 1955, 
el aumento promedio anual per
cápita de os ingresos fue cerca 
del 22% mayor que el del
PBN: de 1955-58 fue un 50% 
menor.
S-Economic Survey of Latin America 1948. Naciones
Uniiss 1949, pág. 190.
9. Study of Inter-American Trade, Naciones Unidas, 1957
págs. 19. 22: los ajustes en 
dólares de acuerdo con Statisti-
cal Abstracts of the United 
States, Washington, 1959,
pic. 59
10-El Mercado Común Latinoamericano, pág. 47.
11.-Economic Survey of Latin America 1948, pág. 45.
12-Ibid, nig. 58
r
IS-Las importaciones son también financiadas con inver-
siones préstamos extranjeros, 
pero aún durante el período
en que el flujo de capital extranjero 
pueda temporalmente
exceder el reflujo, bajo la forma 
de utilidades. intereses y
amortizaciones, las existencias de 
divisas resultantes repre-
sentan solamente una fracción de 
las divisas acumuladas
mediante las ganancias de 
las exportaciones. Ast. en el
periodo de tres años, de 1954 a 
1956, cuando el flujo de
capitales extranjeros posterior a 
la guerra alcanzó su nivel
máximo en Latinoamérica flujo 
neto de aproximadamente.
2.000 millones de dólares- constituyó 
el 8% del valor total
de las exportaciones, 24,000 
millones de dólares en cifras
redondas
14. de fines del siglo XIX a las vísperas de la segunda
guerra 
mundial... como promedio, 
una deterininada canti-
dad de bienes primarios exportados 
pagarían, al final del
periodo, solamente el 60% de la cantidad 
de bienes elabora-
dos que ellos hubieran podido 
pagar al comienzo del período".
(Post War Price Relations, etc., pág
. 6).
15 Economic Survey of Latin America 1957. Naciones
Unidas 1959. pag. 72 (cuadro 69
).
16. El Mercado Común Latinoamericano, pág. 47. En los
principales paises exportadores del 
Sudeste de Asia, en
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
39
conjunto, las condiciones del intercambio per término medio
mejoraron sólo 
ligeramente de 1948-54, después de lo cual
se produjo una 
tendencia al empeoramiento (Economic
Survey of Asia and the 
Far East 1959, Naciones Unidas,.
1960, pág. 63).
17. El nivel de precios de los bienes de capital refleja muy
probablemente el hecho 
de que un número considerable de
las importaciones 
correspondió a las empresas extranjeras
que operan en Latinoamérica
. "Los precios en las transac-
ciones internas de 
las compañías no reflejan genuinamente
los precios del mercado
; el embarcador y el destinatario no
tienen intereses 
opuestos. El único efecto de los débitos
cargados a las subsidiarias 
que operan en el extranjero por
concepto de equipos... 
embarcados a los mismos, es un
débito en los libros 
de contabilidad; las utilidades se cambian
entre la compañía 
matriz y sus subsidiarias en el extran-
jero... El lugar 
donde se percibe un balance ventajoso
depende de... los indices 
reiativos del impuesto de utilida-
des", derechos de 
importación.. etc. (Post-War Price Rela-
tions, etc., 
pág. 126). Ya que las operaciones de las subsi-
diarias o ramas 
de compañías extranjeras de Latinoamérica
están estadísticamente 
integradas en el conjunto de la actua-
ción económica de la 
región, en este sentido, sus manipula-
ciones con los precios 
de las importaciones no alteran el
significado de los 
términos fluctuales del intercambio. De
otra parte, no 
se puede excluir el hecho de que en algunas de
las repúblicas la 
mejoría de los términos del intercambio
benefició más a 
los inversionistas extranjeros que a las em-
presas nacionales
. Vea Ibid. pag. 111.
18. Los indices siguientes, aplicados al conjunto de la
región
, muestran la 
evolución de los precios de las expor.
taciones y de las 
importaciones y las condiciones del inter-
cambio (obtenidos 
dividendo los índices de los precios de
las exportaciones 
entre los índices de los precios, de las
importaciones) 
de 1955-59:
1953=100
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
exportaciones 101 102 101 95 90 (Oct.)
importaciones 
100 104 107 106
términos del
107 (Sept.)
intercambio
101 98 94
90
Fuente: International Financial Statistics, Fondo Mone-
tario Internacional, Marzo 1960, págs. 38-39.
14-00000
40
MAUBICK HALPERIS
19. Para 1958, Economic Survey of Latin America 1958.
Naciones Unidas, 1959, pág. 71: para 1959, les caicutus de
la CEPAL publicados en Excélsior, México D. F., Jutio 5.
1960; para 1860, calcules preliminares de "South America
Economic Review" y "Caribbean Economic Review", New
York Times Enero de 1961.
20. De no indicarse lo contrario, las estadisticas concer
nientes a les raises en particular, han sido tomadas o com-
putadas de las ediciones anuales del Economic Survey of
Latin America de las Naciones Unidas. Las cifras del PBX,
convertidas por esta publicación en dólares de 1950, 'han
sido reconvertidas en dólares de 1957. con un incremento
del 14%. Todos los aumentos o disminuciones en los porcen-
tajes del FBN han sido calculados sobre la base de dólares.
de valor constante.
21. En 1957. en adición a la Argentina y Venezuela, PBN
per cápita superiores al promedio de la región, se atribuyen-
a Uruguay, Cuba, Costa Rica y Panamá.
22
Ver también la nota 17.
23. Para kes paises más atrasados, como Haití, Bolivia y
Paraguay, cuya población en conjunto es menos del 5% del
total de Latinoamérica, irregularidades y deficiencias esta-.
dísticas 
hacen extremadamente difícil aún adivinar a cuanto
asciende el FBN per capita. En Bolivia, p. e., no se efectuó
ningún censo entre 1900 y 1950. De acuerdo con el último,
el PBN per capita de Bolivia se estimó ligeramente superior
a 80 dólares Probablemente disminuyó alge durante los.
últimos siete años, Vea Análisis y Proyecciones del Desarro
llo Económico. IV. El Desarrollo Económico de Bolivia. Na-
ciones Unidas, 1958, pág. 17.
24-Apropaner el Mercado Común Latinoamericano como
una solución urgente a los problemas de desarrollo posterio-
res 
a 
1957. el desarrollo para 1975 se proyecta sobre las bases
de dos ritmos de aumento anual alternativos del PBN per
cápita: 25 y 2.75%. Estos ritmos, así como el papel asig
nado al 
Mercado Común, cuando se constituya, para pronio-
ver el desarrolla, parecen muy poco reales. Véase El Mercado
Común Latinoamericano. Passim.
25.-La diferencia sería considerablemente mayor si las
cifras de producción per cápita fueran comparadas. En 1955-
56, la producción de acero en Latinoamérica fue un 40%
menor que el consumo. Desde 1950, el consumo ha aumentado
con mayor rapidez que la producción. (Economic Survey of
--Latin America 1958). Naciones Unidas 1959, pág. 81).
DESARROLLO AVONURICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
41
98.18) Mercado Común Latinoamericano; pig. 62. FI
PBN per cápita de todos los paises ha sido convertido en
dólares de 1955 cuando fue necesario.
27. Durante 1955-57, el promedio anual per cápita del
consumo de cobre en Latinoamérica fue de 0.4 kilogramos;
la cifra comparable para los Estados Unidos fue de 7.0 kilo-
gramos para Inglaterra 9.0, para Francia 4.3 y para Austria
3.5 (ibid). El consumo per cápita de energia, en el equivalen.
te de millones de toneladas métricas de hulia (redondeadas)
fue como sigue: América Latina 600; Austria 1.900; Francia
2.400; Inglaterra 4.700; y los Estados Unidos, 7.600. (United
Nations Statisticals Year-book 1959, pág. 366 y siguientes).
28. Worldwide and Domestic Economic Problems and
Their Impact on the Foreign Policy of the United States.
Comité de Relaciones Exteriores del Senado de los Estados
Unidos, Agosto de 1959, pág. 24.
29. The Stages of Economic Growth. Un Manifiesto No-
Comunista, Cambridge, Inglaterra, 1960, pág. 24.
30. United Nations Statistical Yearbok. 1959. pág. 450
y siguientes:
31. Cifras tomadas de las ediciones anuales de Economic
Survey of Latin America, y las fuentes en las notas 26 y 27.
32. The Empire of Oil. New York, 1955, pp. 266-67.
33. Economic Survey of Latin America 1957, pág. 18.
34.-Ibid. pig. 3.
35.-Citado por Preston James. Latin America, New
York, 1959. pág. 690.
36. Earl E. T. Smith, citado en "Monthly Review" New
York, Diciembre 1960, pág. 432.
37. Citado de una publicación de 1951 de la CEPAL sobre
Venezuela, por Paul Baran en su libro The Political Economy
of Growth. New York 1957, pig. 193.
38. Survey of Current Bussneess, Departamento de Co-
mercio de los Estados Unidos, Septiembre de 1960, pág. 22.
39.-Ibid.
40 En 1957. las exportaciones totales de mercancías fue-
ron de 7.918 millones de dólares, (Economic Survey of Latin
America 1958, psig. 37); las exportaciones totales a los Es-
tados Unidos fueron de 3,765 millones, (ibid. pág. 15).
41. Economic Survey of Latin America 1957, pág. 66.
Para un pais dado y en un año determinado, la pérdida pu-
diera ser proporcionalmente mucho mayor, como en el caso
del Ecuador, p. e., donde en el año 1957, el drenaje represen
tó más del 20% de las ganancias por concepto de exporta-
ciones. (Ibid, påg 76).
--
14-00000
42
MAURICE HALPERIN
42. Las remisiones brutas de intereses y utilidades fueron
de 1.345 millones de dólares (Ibid, p. 66); las importaciones
de maquinaria industrial se estimaron en 1940 millones de
dólares (Economic Survey of Latin America 1958, pág. 52);
el porcentaje de las inversiones se calcula aproximadamente.
igual al de 1954-56, según cálculos del Mercado Común
Latinoamericano, pág. 60. .
43. The Political Economy of Growth- op. cit., pág. 19.
Baran también cita la siguiente, observación provechosa de
Economic Survey of Europe since the War. 1953, pág. 25,
publicación de las Naciones Unidas: "En los países del Este
de Europa, los servicios no conectados directamente con la
producción y el transporte de mercancías no se consideran
como productivos y su valor se excluye de los ingresos na-
cionales [el producto). Para un país pobre que está tratando
de desarrollar su industria y de reducir el subempleo común.
en las ocupaciones de servicio, la definición marxista de
renta nacional [producto] tiene naturalmente algunas ven-
tajas sobre el concepto más amplio adaptado a las economías
ricas, industrializadas, y que actualmente se aplica de ma-
nera común a los países subdesarrollados.
44
Economic Survey of Latin America 1957, pág. 85.
45. Ibid, y Economic Survey of Latin America 1955, Na-
ciones Unidas, 1956, pág. 9.
46. Economic Survey of Latin America. 1957, op. cit. pág
85. Desde 1957 la producción per cápita ha disminuido de
nuevo.
47.-Latin America, New York 1959. pág. 870.
48. "Elementos da Questão Agrária", Revista Brasiliense
Río de Janeiro, No. 24, 1959, pág. 38 y sig.
49.
Report on Cuba. Banco Internacional de Reconstruc-
ción y Fomento, Baltimore, 1951, pág. 88.
50.-Mecanización de la Agricultura Mexicana. México,
D.F., 1957, págs. 108, 375.
51. La Agricultura, Nacional Financiera, S. A., México-
Buenos Aires, 1957, pág. 77.
52. "A Changing Latin America and U. S. Foreing Po.
licy". New University Thought, Chicago, Primavera de 1960,
pág. 56.
53. El sector minero, que es manejado casi exclusivamente
por extranjeros, registró un incremento aún mayor que la
elaboración, pero ello se debió casi exclusivamente a la ex-
tracción de petróleo crudo de Venezuela. Excluyendo el pe-
tróleo, el promedio de aumento per cápita sería menor que
el incremento del PEN en conjunto (Economic Bulletin
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
43
for Latin America, CEPAL, Santiago de Chile, vol. 4, No. 1,
Marzo de 1959, pág. 49). Incluyendo el petróleo, la partici-
pación de la minería en el PBN de Latinoamérica se elevó
aproximadamente del 3.5% en 1945 at 5 en 1957.
54.--Con propósitos de comparación, es interesante hacer
notar que durante el mismo periodo aproximadamente, en
los países menos desarrollados del campo socialista, la pro-
porción del PBN (bienes materiales) representada por la
producción industrial, aumentó más rápidamente y alcanzó.
en general más altos niveles. Hacia 1958-59, se leveó de 40.5
a 66.6% en Rumania; 24.8 a 70.6% en Bulgaria; 9.8 a 55.7%
en Albania: 28 a 71% en la República Democrática Popular
de Corea: 10 al 27.1% en la República Democrática de Viet-
Nam (New Times, Moscú, Edición Inglesa, No. 51, 1960,
pág. 6).
55. Economic Bulletin for Latin America, vēl. 3 No. 2,
Octubre 1958, págs. 48:47.
56.—Analyses and Projections of Economic Development.
VI. The Indestrial Development of Peru. Naciones Unidas,
1959, págs., 9, 41, 53.
57. De 1948-57, los textiles y alimentos-bebidas-tabaco,
aumentaron en conjunto en un 45%, mientras los metales
básicos al igual que la química, registraron un aumento de
más del 80%. La producción de lingotes de acero, ácido sul-
fúrico, alcalís sódicos y cemento, alcanzaron un aumento
superior al doble durante el período 1950-57 (Economic Bu- -
letin for Latin America, vol. 4, No. 1, Marzo de 1959, págs.
51, 54).
58. Estudio Económico de América Latina 1954, Nacio-
nes Unidas 1955, pág. 99.
59. Economic Bulletin for Latin America, vol. 3 No. 2,
Octubre 1958, págs. 48, 49.
60. Estudio Económico de América Latina 1956. Nacio
nes Unidas, 1957, pág. 86, y Annário Estadístico do Brasil
1958, págs. 82, 94-95, 101.
61. El Desarrollo Económico de la Argentina. vol. 2, págs.
165, 191, 225.
62. Survey of Current Business, Departamento de Co-
mercio de los Estados Unidos, Septiembre de 1960, págs.,
20,22.
63. Economic Survey of Latin America 1957, pág. 142.
64. "Nacionalismo e Desenvolvimento", Revista Brasi-
liense. No. 24, 1959 pág: 15.
65. Report on World Social Situation, Naciones Unidas,.
1957, pág. 179..
14-00000
41
MAURICE HALPERIN
66. Armando Samper, según informó Pólitica. México,
D. F., Septiembre 1 de 1960, prių, 43.
67. "A primera vista puede parecer que este incremento
en los servicios personales es el mismo fenómeno que ocurre
en los países más desarrollados, donde según aumentan los
ingresos per cápita la demanda por servicios especializados
altamente remunerados es muy elástica. Sin embargo, este
no parece ser el caso de... [América Latina] donde los
servicios personales pobremente remunerados prevalecen y
el exceso de trabajadores que no puede ser absorbido por
otras ocupaciones... se oculta de esta manera... En segun-
do lugar... la clase media, que no puede encontrar una
ocupación productiva en actividades económicas privadas,
ejerce una presión constante sobre el sector público, el cual
evidentemente... debe cumplir una función de absorción
de no poca significación social". (Economic Survey of Latin
America 1954. Naciones Unidas 1955, págs, 26-27).
68.-El mercado Común Latinoamericano, pág. 45.
69. An International Economy, New York, 1956, pág. 62,
Como se indica en nuestro cuadro, de 19-15 a 1957 el coefi-
ciente de inversiones fijas brutas para el conjunto de Latino-
smérica fluctuó alrededor de un promedio de un 17% del
PBN. En algunos circulos se considera ésta una cifra res-.
petable, especialmente cuando se compara con la gran mayo-
ría de los países subdesarrollados dei Sudeste de Asia, donde
el coeficiente usualmente es menor del 10%: Esta compara-
ción, sin embargo, lo que hace es señalar lo extremadamente
bajo del promedio de formación de capitales en el Sudeste
de Asia, en lugar de indicar que en América Latina es
adecuado. En 1955, p. e., el coeficiente para ambos, los Es-
tados Unidos y Latinoamérica, fue aproximadamente 17%.
Esto significó un promedio de inversiones per cápita de
870 dólares en los Estados Unidos en comparación con 55
dólares en Latinoamérica. es decir, en proporción inversa a
las necesidades relativas de desarrollo de las dos regiones.
Debe notarse también que el coeficiente neto de inversiones
en Latinoamérica ha sido de alrededor del 12%. Como su-
giere Simon Kuznets (Economic Growth: Brasil, India,
Japan, Durham, N. C., E. U. A. 1955, pág. 23)., en los países
desarrollados la obsolescencia ejerce una gran función en el
consumo de capitales, mientras el empeoramiento físico es.
el factor principal en los países subdesarrollados. De aqui...
"que la comparación propia desde el punto de vista del des-
rrollo ecnómico, puede establecerse entre la formación
bruta de capitales en un país industrial desarrollado y la
DESARROLLO ECONOMICO Y CRISIS EN LA AMERICA LATINA
45
formación neta en un país subdesarrollado". Si consideramos
tarabién la dudosa contribución al desarrollo de Latinoamé.
rica de las inversiones en actividades puramente extractivas
y construcción de residencias de lujo, aparece claramente
que el problema de formación de capitales en esta región es
indudablemente formidable.
70. Para una narración científica y al mismo tiempo
vivida, de los aspectos materiales y humanos de estos pro-
blemas, consultar el tratado de Oscar Lewis, Five Families,
Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty, New York.
1959.
71.-Indices (1950.100) de 1948-57; Argentina -61 a
326: Brasil- 90 a 329; Colombia -78 a 152; Chile 73 a
1173: Bolivia-66 a 6,937. Del Cuadro 35, "Cost of Living
in Selected Countries", Economic Bulletin for Latin Ame
rica, vol. 3, No. 2, Octubre de 1958, pág. 81. En la mayoría
de les países, los indices han continuado en aumento. En'
Brasil. en Diciembre de 1960 el nivel fue más del doble
del de 1957 (Monde. Febrero 2 de 1961).
72. Economic Survey of Latin America 1957. Cuadro
115, pág. 115.
78 Report on the World Social Situación (1957). pág.
282. De acuerdo con Cleantho da Paiva Leite, en el Estado
de Piauí, típico exponente de la depresión crónica del Nores-
te de! Brasil los ingresos anuales per cápita se han prome-
diado en alrededor de 45 dólares, o menos del 13% del
promedio del estado de Sao Paulo, el más importante pro-
ductor de café de Brasil y su centro industrial. Alrededor
de una tercera parte de la población brasileña vive en el
Noreste ("Brasilian Development: One Problem and Two
Banks". Inter-American Economic Affairs, vol. 14, N° 1,
Verano de 1960. pág. 4.
74. Economic Survey Latin America 1957, págs. 199,
206.
75.--The Industrial Development of Peru, págs. 10, 11.
76 Carl S. Shoup, Director (citado por Otto Feinstein,
The Fiscal System of Venezuela, Baltimore, 1959, págs. 29-
34.
77. Leo Huberman y Paul M: Sweezy, Cuba Anatomy of
a Revolution, New York, 1960, págs. 6-7. Los autores obser-
van que este promedio era el mismo que "en el peor año de
la peor depresión en la historia de los Estados Unidos", y
refleja el hecho de que la economía cubana" se encontraba
en un estado de crisis permanente".
78.-La Distribución del Ingreso y El Desarrollo Econú-
mico en México, México, D. F., 1960, págs. 65, 85.
14-00000
46
MAURICE HALPERIN
79.-Rabotchii Klass V Osvoboditelnom Dvizhenii Naro.
dov Latinskoy Ameriki. (La clase obrera en el Mvimiento
de Liberación Nacional de América Latina). Disertación
académica mecanografiada. Academia de Ciencias de
URSS, 1960, vol. 1, pág. 233. La fecha de publicación no
ha sido anunciada.
80.-Economic Survey of Latin Aerica 1957, pág. 292.
81.-Op. cit., påg. 90.
82. En el orden citado: James (Op. cit., pág. 880);
Feinstein. (op. cit., pig. 52) Navarrete (op. cit., pág. 11).
83. The Acumulation of Capital. Londres, 1956, pág. 8.
84. Otto Feinstein (op. cit.. pag. 76) mantiene que Anié-
rica Latina es la región subdesarrollada que ofrece mejores
posibilidades al capitalismo". Aparte de perspectivas mun-
diales a largo plazo, las posibilidades no son brillantes en
ninguna parte del mundo y son particularmente reducidas
en América Latina. En las regiones que emergen de una
dominación colonial directa, los poderes coloniales frecuente-
mente se ajustan al cambio manteniendo sus posiciones eco-
nómicas principales bajo la forma de arreglos neocoloniales;
este 
factor desalienta los experimentos no capitalistas.
Además, dada la base económica extremadamente baja, pue-
de operarse algún desarrollo inicial, aunque lento, a través
de una combinación de capitalismo privado y capitalismo de
Estado. En el conjunto de Latinoamérica el colonialismo.
directo pasó hace mucho y un desarrollo apreciable del capi-
talismo nativo, incluyendo el de Estado, se ha operado bajo
condiciones 
neocoloniales. Sectores capitalistas decisivos en
manos 
de inversionistas nacionales, como la banca y la gran
industria, 
el comercio y el transporte, dependen en un grado
significativo de las importaciones y del financiamiento ex-
tranjero. 
También dependen del aparato neocolonial de
gobierno para defender sus intereses de clase frente a los
asalariados
. Sus prerrogativas económicas, políticas y socia-
les
, 
aunque limitadas. por el neo-colonialismo, se basan en
el mismo. 
La crisis del neocolonialismo en Latinoamérica es
también le crisis del capitalismo nacional y consecuente-
mente la eliminación 
del primero, especialmente si resiste
tozudamente, como el caso de la experiencia cubana predice,
produciría la 
eliminación del segundo, por lo menos en los
sectores básicos de la 
producción. Tales perspectivas son,
desde luego, alentadas 
por el hecho de que en la sexta década
del siglo XX 
demasiadas personas en América Latina cono-
cen que existe 
una alternativa mucho más expeditiva y a
rápida que el 
desarrollo capitalista.
Introducción.
Presentación
CONTENIDO
1. El "florecimiento óptimo" de la economía latino-
americana
2.-Los estimulos externos en la expansión económica
de Latinoamérica
Pȧg.
5
3
10
3. Otras consideraciones acerca del tema principal.
14
16
18
6. Las realidades del desarrollo económico en Latino-
américa .....
22
4. Perspectivas de aumento aparente del PBN
5. Comparación del Producto Bruto Nacional
7.-Los ingresos personales durante el periodo de
"florecimiento óptimo”
8. Conclusiones: El camino hacia el desarrollo
31
.35

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HALPERIN MAURICE
201-128561
SEX M DO3?
201-005232
HMMA-17005
18 AUG 61
CIT ?:
OCC ?
A KUTULOBSKIY PR. D 13, APT. 127, MOSCOW
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RE-CORRESPONDENCE OF ALBERT MALTZ /201-005239/
AUG 1961.
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FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
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PRESENTLY RESIDING IN MOSCOW
RE ACTIVITIES OF SON DAVID
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HMMA-16328
25 JAN 61.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO:
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ORIG. DESLIS S. BATT
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UNIT ME-1/KE
EXT .
2639
DATE 19 JABLARY 1961
ΤΟ • STOOSENE
FROM DIRECTOR
CONF.
WE 6
INFO 1
COP
WH 4, S/C.2.
TO
STOC
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
C:/OPS, CI/IC 2, FI, FI/INT 2, ɛɛ 4, FE4,
STOC 1757 (IN 29212):
INFO
1. CAN KOT CONFIRM REPORT.
DISCUSSED AT MESTIED BUT DROPPED.
3
DEFERREJAN ST J
☐ ROUTINE
PRIORITY
SIG CEN
INITIALS
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
IMMEDIATE
CITE DIR
OUT 65055
21607
21607
KKH INTERNATIONAL CP CORELITERE FOR COOPERATI
BOUST REPORT FORDING PRIPING OFFICE RECAR
WOULD INDICATE LABOR REPAIR CASU AND CCP BREACH. WOULD APPRECIATE FURTHER INFO
SOURCE AND ACCESS IMPO TO DETERMINE IF REPORT COULD ER PLANY.
2. MARICE HALPERIN, FORMER OSS OFFICER LATIN AMER AFFAIRS SPECIALIST, AND
MARTHA DODD STERN, FORGHER RESIDENT MEXICO, BOTH PREVIOUSLY DUPLICATED SOV ESPIONAGE
POUCHING INFO HALPERIN AND STERF AND REPORT LON
IN FRRIER. BOTH HON IN BLOC.
HISTORY CHINESE INVOLVEMENT LATIN AHER AFFAIRS. PASS ABOVE TO TIKRAR 8.
TAD OF MESSAGE
號 CO蟹 EXPORTED ORGANIZATIONS FOTHERD AT CP FRATING IN HOSCON HED 1960.
CROSS FILE COPY FOR
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records significant action taken or
comments requiring preservation..
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a.
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CS FILE NO.
201-12.8561
Maurice
FILE NUMBER
Halperia
209-128561
DOCUMENT DATO
2 Jan. 1961
18
SECRET
COCUMENT NUMBER
EGBA
67119
14-00000
TO
000
DISPATCH
Chief, EB (ATTENTION: Chief, SR)
Chief of Station, CarmLŲ
FROM
Chief of Base, Serlin
SUBJECT
REDWOOD REDSKIN LODPROVE
(FE) HALPERIN
ACTION REQUIRED
None. For your information,
REFERENCE(S)
CLASSIFICATION
DISPATCETME AND NO
EGEM 67119
HEADQUARTERS FALE NO
DATE
Unknown
BOB File 1273
18 January 1961
XX
RE: 43:3 (CHECK "X" ONE!
MARKED FOR INDEXING
NO INDEXING REQUIRED
INDELING CAN BE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED NO DESK ONLY
1. In studying routine air travel reports, we have noted that, on
16 
January 1961, a Mr. and Mrs. 
HALPERIN arrived in Berlin from Dusseldorf
and proceeded 
on the same day to Warsaw via Lufthansa Ost. (The booking had
been changed from 15 
January).
2. It occurs to us that this may be the Latin American specialist
HALPERIN 
who was 
the subject of recent publicity in connection with work in
the Soviet Union, and that this 
item may be of interest to Headquarters and/or
ODENVY.
APPROVED:
ARTHUR L. HOFSOUS
Distribution:
✓
-
SR
2 - COS, Germany
1 - FE
ehn
FONEM
10253
USE PERVIOUS FORTION
REPLACES PO
WHO ARE EXT
CS COPY
Dorothy C. Glodean
двани
DOROTHY C. GLODEEN
201-128561
CLASSIFICATION
CONTINUED
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TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT
thal infarmotion tw
78) ord 796, the tranim on or revelation
བ་བ་བ་
Jantation
REPORT TELEGRA
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
The Nations Dance of the United States with the the
of which in any manner to one pared by low.
CLASSIFICATION – DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
NOSO/ING CONTROL
COUNTRY USCH/CRACK
REPORT NO.
TDCS
13/462,130
SUBJECT
FOUNDING OF THE NEW GRON NATIONS DURING
DATE DISTR
13 JURY 19
1960 CONFERENCE OF
CORDIST FARTY LEADERS
PRECEDENCE
DATE OF
NOVEMBER
INFO..
LICEMAN 1960
REFERENCES
ROUTINE
IN 79212
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
SWEDEN, STOCKHOLM (10 JANUARY 1961)
APPRAISAL 3
SOURCE
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
AR OFFICIAL CREDISH SERVICE FAQ A SOURCE DESCRIED AS USUALLY WELLABIN ANG
O IS A FOLISH OFFICIAL WITH HIR DEL CONTACTS.
MÚ MEIN ORGAN TENTIONS NU FOUNDED LIAM IS THE MOSCOW CONFERENCE OF COMMUNIST
LEADERS, OUR OF NICH IS TO BE AN OFFICE DEALING WITH ONES FORMERLY THE
THE REACH COLONIAL SYSTEM. THE OTHER IS TO BE AN "OFFICE FOR PERMANENT SAUGH
AND COOPERATION WITH LATIN AMERICAN PARTIES" AND IS TO BE ORGANIZED BY THE COM-
AUNIST PARTIES OF ARGENTINA, BRAZIL AND CUSA. IT WILL RE LOCATED IN PEIPIN
HEAD OF THE OFFICE IS TO B
MALEELIN FORER DARKCITY OF BOSTON PACA
US IN 1960 AND IS NOY IN SOVIET UNION
AND IDENTIFIED SOVIET AGENT WHO LEFT THE /
THE ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR
EARTHA JOOD STAIN, THIS UNDA DICANT BY THE US GOVERNMENT FOR EAP
FIELD DISTRIBUTION: HONE
201-166578
201-108561
END OF WISSE
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NOPCR/CONTINUED CONTROL
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USIA
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00 Fai
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
1.3. Jesm
---
301-128561
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S. ANALYST
SECRET
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HALFERIN, MAURICE
SEX M DOB?
CIT ?
201-128561.
201-005239
HMMA-16209
13 JAN 61
A IN CARE OF M. MENDELSON USSR WRITER'S UNION
52 VOROVSKY ST., MOSCOW USSR
CORRESPONDENCE CONCERNING ALBERT MALTZ AND/OR
MBRS OF HIS FAMILY
NEW YEAR GREETINGS
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
FORD 867 PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
+37
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EVALUATION
13 Jan. 61
201128
561
(7+46)
₤4-00000
181
.68-105/9.1.
DARZ
11 JANUARY 1961
DIRECTOR
FROM
STOCKHOLM
ACTION
66
B0
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE.
S-E-C-R-E-T
Bill Ran
C/WE
بای
DCI, D/DCI, DOP, COP, ADOP/A, CA 2, CA/PMG, 100 4.
CA/PRG, CA/PROP, CI, CI/OPS, C1/10-2, FI, FI/INT 2
16:2, CE 4, Fɛ 4, SR 4, W., S/C 2 (SUSPENSE 00/1)
DIR
EXPO
JAN 11
HOUTING
LCHARVEST
CATE
STOC 1757 N
62-2-5/3
1. TIEBAR 8 MEMO PASSED TO STATION 13 JAN STATES USUAL
RELIABLE SOURCE (IDENTIFIED ORALLY BY T } AS FOL
FFICIAL
WITH HIGH LEVEL CONTACTS) REPORTS TWO NEW ORGANIZATION, FOUNDED
DURING COMMIE MEETING MOSCOW DEC 60. ONE IS OFFICE DEALING
WITH COUNTRIES FORMERLY INCLUDED FRENUM COLONIAL SYSTEM. OTHER
STUDIES AND 
COOPERATION WITH LATIN AMERICAN PARTIES.
IS "OFFICE FOR PERMANENT (PORTION MISSING BEIN .:). LATTER
TO BE ORGANIZED BY COMMIE PARTIES ARGENTINA, BRACTE AND CUBA;
LOCATED PEIPING. HEAD OFFICE TO BE DR. M HALPERIN, ADMINISTRATILE
DIRECTOR MRS. HARTA STERN. HALPERIN, FORMERLY PROF BOSTON, .
:
FORMERLY OSS' EMPLOYEE, IS PRESUMED HAVE LEFT PORNIME CO. STEMM
ALSO PEPRIME CITIZEN.
2. 18 STATED. ONE MRS. STERN, PBPRÍME NAT EN WAS IN
SWEDEN IN EARLY 50. NO STATION TRACES STERNTOR HALFET
3. T. 8 ANXIOUS HAVE REPORT: CONFIRMED AS T
SOURCE; WOULD LIKE HOS COMMENTS HALPERIN AND
DO NOT DESTROY
201-0128
CROSS FILE 
COPY FOR
017-8561*
LING
VOLVEMENT
AND WHETHER LATTER WAS IN SWEDEN; BELIEVES. IMPORTANT DETERMINE
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THIS WOULD MEAN MAJOR ALLOCATION RESPONSIBILITY.
S-E-C-R-E-T
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DATE
11 JANUARY 1961
TO
FROM
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S-E-C-R-E-T
OUTING,
PAGE TWO
IN 29212
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4. PLS ADVISE INCLUDING BACKGROUND CHICOM LATIN AMERICAN
ACTIVITY FOR
T₁8. PARA 1 ABOVE MAY BE DISSEMED IF WORTHWHILE.
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FROM
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ROUTING
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ROUTINE
IN 27546
S
ó
DIR CITE MEXI 7055
REF DIR 18893
Ex
1.
(OUT 58500)
SON OF MADICILE HYMEN
iP
HALPERIN (201-128541).
DAVID HALPERIN, IN LIFEAT SEBORER TRAFFIC 22 DEC 60.
Misico City.
ON 23 DEC LIFEAT INFORMED HE AT NUEVO HOTEL WALDORF WITH
TWO UNNAMED CLASSMATES AND WIFE OF ONE CLASS
SEE ANNA SEBORER 23. DEC AT LATTER'S HOMES,
PLANNED
The surveillance saject"
2. LIFEAT TAKE ABOVE DATES GIVEN LOCAL ODENVY 23 AND-
27 DEP 63.
MICROFILMED
MAR 16 1970.
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NO.
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END OF MESSAGE
RILAN
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BR
BB
*STATED ODENVY ENDEAVORING DEVELOP MORE
C/S COARENT:
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PORN
333
1389 a
SECRET
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ITINERARY RE TRAVELS
7 Jan 21
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EXT
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12356
DATE 30 DECEMBER 1960
TO ⚫ MEXICO
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FROM DIRECTOR
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Signature:
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DEFERREDO DEC 80 23 29z
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NITIALS
OUT-58500
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CITE DER 18890
42398
1. ODENVY ADVISES DAVID HALPERIN SON OF MAURICE HAS SCHEDULED ARRIVE-
VISES DA
The Suviallance
MEXICO CITY 29 DECEMBER BY CAR. IS ENROUTE EUROPE WHERE WILL MEET FATHER.
ODENVY ENDEAVORING DEVELOP MORE ON INTINERARY AND HAS NOT AS YET HADE SPECIFIC
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2. DESIRE YOU COORDINATE WITH LOCAL ODENVY REP AND OBTAIN ANY COVERAGE
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P
CHIEF, WH
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COORDINATING
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REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
AUTHENTICATING OFFICER
Copy No.
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14-00000
Maurice HALPERN (201-
HALPERN
#02294
American born expatriate, went to Moscow ca 1955-59. Writes propaganda
articles for the 
Sovs. is economist. Father lives New York City.
Is his sister Leontina Richik? A*37771
HALPARIN, Faurice ityman
Traveled to the USSR in
Cctober 1958
Prepared by Cl Staff
for State Nov. 6
301-761675
The following is TERET:
On 15 July 1960 Maurice Fyman HALERIN and his wife.
Faith Frisch HALPERIN applied at the United States
Fabassy in Moscow, USSR for a renoval of thair pasa
parts. HALPERIN is reported to have stated that
had been in the USSR since December 1958 as a visiting
professor of the Social Solences Division of the USSA
Academy of Salences on a contract which expires in
1961. In 1948 Elisabeth DENTLY, an admitted forEAT
Soviet espionage agent, stated that she had becons
acquainted with HALPERIN in the latter part of 1952
through arrangements mada by Jacob 00LGS, a know
Soviet exploriage agent, She further stated that
during the time HALPERIN was exployed by the offies
of Strategic Services in Washington, D. C., he
supplied 0010s with information to which he had
access in his office. In late 1953 RALFERIN laft
the United States for Yexico after refusing on
constitutional grounds to tall the U. 5. Senate
Internal Sub-Committee whether he was ever a
member of the Communist Party. In 1958, following
the efforts made by the Government of Nexico to
deport a number of American Communists, HALPESIS
and his wife went to the USGN where they now reaids.
Pies be
201-178561
14-00000
15.
ANALYST
SECRET
(Then Filled ins
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SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
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10. DISSEMINATED IN
11.
DATE
DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
12: CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE
13. TRANSFERRED TO
RI FILE NO.
PERTINENT INFORMATION-
HALPERIN, MAURICE / PROF./
SEX M DOB?
CIT ?
201-128561
201-005239
HMMA-15870
28 OCT 60
CORRESPONDENCE FROM MARGARET MALTZ RE NEWS
NOVY MIR TO PUBLISH SEVEN. SHARES IN A GOLD
MINE 20 SEP 
60.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
FORM
867 VIQUE EDITIONS.
SECRET
570789
PAFR
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000000.
11111111111
22222222222222222
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5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 555
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9999999 9999999999
25 Oct 60
201128561
(7-481
14-00000
NEW AGGRESSION CTS The Cubans consider as Penggression grinst
Cube, by the United States, the mansure taken by the Inter-Any elega
Defense Evani preventing the Cuben delegate on the board to visit
basca. (Cluand Truffle, Radio Caribe, Oct. 13, 1960, 169 C--1′)
CUBAN-SOVIET COMMETTES--In Moscow the Cuban-Soviet Committer wa
formed, which is sponsored by the Soviet Association for Friendship
and Cooperation with the Latin American countries. Cubon Aubobandor
Faure Chaumon and several other Cubans attended the installation..
ceremon luid Trujillo, Radio Caribe, Oct. 13, 1960, 1000p)
(UNCLASSIFIED}
BOGOTA POLITICAL CONFERENCE--Capt. Antonio Nunez Jimenez, director
the Cuban National Institute for Agrarian Reform, has been invited to
attend the meeting of intin American political leaders which will
begin on Oct. 22 in Bogota, Colombia. So far 23 persons from nine
Latin America countries have said they will attend the meeting.
(Havana, PRENSA LATINA, Oct. 7, 1950, 1705 GMT-E)
STUDENTS TO GDR--Tures Cuban students on scholarships will study.
economic sciences and medicine at the Leipzig and Karl Marx Universiti
in the CDR. The students, Angel N. Alfonso, Consuelo Mess, und Juan
P. Oliva, will leave for the GDR Oct. 14 to begin the university
cours which will last a year. (Hovena, PRENSA, Oct. 13,
1553 CMT--E).
7-13 och 60
201-128561
14-00000
3. ANALYST
14
SECRET
caben Fitted Ins
DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE
SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
12. CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE
2.
DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION
RI FILE NO.
3. DISPATCH OR SOURCE DOC. SYMBOL NO. .4. DATE
7. SOURCE: CRYPTONYMS. DATE OF INFO. ". EVALUATIOS
6. DATE PROCESSED
10. DISSEMINATED IN
11. CATE
DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
13. TRANSFERRED TO
RI FILE NO.
PERTINENT INFORMATION
HALPERIN, MAURICE
SEX M 005 ?
CIT ?
201-005239
HMA-15715
23 SEP 60
92-974
201-128551
15.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
ウ
FORM
0.37
867TION EDITIONS.
SECRET
PAFR:
28 Sep 60
201
201128561
(7-441
14-00000
STORET.
OLUBL
MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD
SUBJECT: Maurice Hyman-HALPERIN-
(201-129561)
6 September 1960
1. On 5 September 1960 an article appeared in The Washington
Post, and Times Herald in which Maurice Hyman HALPERIN was quoted as
saying that the statement issued by the United States Department of
State concerning his employment by the Soviet Government was a "de-
liberate 
and malicious distortion". HALPERIN was also quoted as
saying that he was associated with the Academy of Sciences of the
USSR, working on a book on Latin American economics from 1945 to the
"
crisis" in 1958. HALPERIN added that he is "not working for the
Soviet Government any more than Van Cliburn when he performed in a
government 
owned concert hall".
2. According to Mr. Lloyd Frank JORDAN, Office of Scientific
Intelligence (OSI), 2618 Barton Hall, extension 4201, the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR is directly subordinate to the USSR Council
of 
Ministers and it receives broad directive for work to be under-
taken by the Academy from the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of the USSR. Mr. JORDAN stated that anyone associated with
the Academy 
of Sciences of the USSR would be in the employ of the
Soviet 
Government. Mr. JORDAN said that there are two studies
showing the relationship of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR to
the Soviet 
Government; one is OCI-5613/59 which is classified; and
the other a 
study issued by the U.S. Senate Committee on Government
Operations on "National Policy Machinery in the USSR" which is un-
classified.
CC: Chief, CI Staff
Distribution:
Orig. & 1 - CI/SIG
1 - RID (201-128561)
9/7/60
SECRET
CI/SIG:AFgerter: rel
B86
BIRCH D. O'NEAL
Chief, CI/SIG
1
*1-4-00000
Wash De
STAR
Halperin Denies Giving
Reds Advice on Latins
5 Sept. 6.0
Itually at the agreed hour. Hellished it will be available to the
carried the 
following state-State Department and anybody
ment, on 
which he declined to else willing to purchase a copy."
elaborate:
The United States Embassy
the
"It seems to me that the declined to comment on
State Department and Benator statement or en Mr. Halperin's)
Keating are scraping the bot-status I did say he appeared
MOSCOW, Sept. 5 (AP) - tegle Services, an intelligence tom of the barrel to come up at the embassy in July and:
Maurice 
H. 
Halperin, former organization.
with this stale red herring. asked to have his American
United States Government off
clal who now lives in Moscow, got a job with Boston Un- Moscow. Since my arrival I said.
After the war, Mr. Halperin or dubious about my bring in was 
granted, an embassy official
"There is 
nothing mysterious 
passport renewed. The request
yesterday accused the State De-versity as a professor. He lost 
have filed two United States
partment 
of issuing a "deliber- this job in 1953 because he 
re
-
income tax returns, listing my
ate and 
malicious distortion" fused to tell congressional in-salary 
and employer. I am not
about his 
status here.
vestigators whether he ever had 
working for the Soviet govern-
In a typewritten statement. been a member of the Ameri-iment any more than Van C-
Mr. 
Halperin said:
can Communist Party.
"There is nothing mysterious
burn (an American planist).
or dubious about my being in year-old Mr. Halperin was lo-iment-owned concert hall.
The bald, mustached 54-when he performs in a 
govern-
Moscow 1. I am a visiting cated Sunday in 
a Moscow
professor at the USSR Academy!
of Sciences and not the first apartment house by
American to be associated with ment on the State
man and was asked
ment's document.
it."
Last week Senator Keating.
Republican of New York, read
into the Congressional Record
"I am a visiting professor at
a news the USSR Academy of Sciences
Depart-be associated with it. As some
to com-'and not the first American to
of 
our leading scientists can]
testify. My appointment and
my Soviet visa expires in July.
(Moscow reported there were 1961, as the United States Ein-
"
Declines to Etaborate
"My teaching and resource
a State Department document "technical dimeuities" in mov-bassy here very well knows.
which said Mr. Halperin is now ing the 
story until Monday.
in Moscow and is "working for
the Soviet government."
Headed 088 Unit
The newsinan apparently was activities involve theoretical.
cut off while 
trying to tele- problems related to the eco-
phone the stery.)
¡nomic growth of underdeveloped
areas. For the State Department:
The document said there Mr. Halperin first declined to to say that I am advising the
were 
indications Mr. Halperin admit the newsman inte his Russians on Latin-American
is 
giving the 
Soviet govern-apartment, but 
agreed to meet affairs' is a deliberate and ma-
ment advice on Latin-American him later in the lobby 
of 
a 
licious distortion.
affairs. During World War II, nearby hotel 
where he prom-
"Specifically, I am making a
Mr. Halperin was head of the ised to give a written state-study of the Latin-American
¡
Latin American division of the ment.
United States Office of Stra
economy from 1945 to the crisis
Mr. Halperin appeared pune- of 1958. When my book is pub.
14-00000
Halperin Says
Reds Not Not
Employ Him
MOSCOW, Sept. 4 (UPI)]
Maurice H. Halperin today
branded a reported State De
partment statement that he is
working as an adviser to the
Soviet government on Latin)
American affairs as a "délib
crate and malicious distor
Lion."
In a statement to reporters,
Halperin said he is a professor
associated with the Academy
of Sciences of the USSR, work-
Ing.on a book on Latin Amer
ican economics, and, he ex-
plained, the American authori-
tles know all about it.
(A State Department docu-|
ment in Washington last week
sald Halperin, a former Bos-
ton University professor and
World War II intelligence spe
Jelalist on Latin American af.
fairs, was working for the So-
viet government, i
Sen. Kenneth B. Keating)
(R-N..Y.), had the document
entered in the Congressional
Record.)
"It seems to me that the
State Department and Senator
Keating are sweeping the bot-
tom of the barrel to come up
with this red herring," Hal-
perin said.
"There is nothing mysterl-
ous or dubious about my being
in Moscow. Since my arrival,
I have filed two U. S. Income
tax returns, listing my salary
and employer.
"I am not working for the
Soviet governinent any more.
than Van Cliburn when he
performed in a government-
owned concert hall," he con-
tinued.
"I am a visiting professor
in the USSR Academy of
Sciences, and not the first
American to be associated
with it. For the State of De-
partment to say that I am an
adviser to the Russians on
Latin American affairs is a
deliberate and malicious dis
tortion.
"Specifically. I am making
a study of the Latin American
economy from 1945 to the
crisis of 1958."
Unshington Port
5 Sefit. 1960
Washing us
Sep 6.0.
201-12856)
14-00000
201
FORMER U. S. AIDÉ
AT WORK IN SOVIET
Ex-Boston U. Professor Was
in O.S.S. in World War II
By JACK RAYMOND
Special to The New York Times.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 31-
The State Department has
disclosed that a former United
States Intelligence official is
in Moscow working for the So-
viet Government.
ก
He is Dr. Maurice Halperin,]
former Boston University
professor who was head of the
Latin American Division of the
Office of Strategic Services
during World War II.
Dr. Halperin was dismissed.
from Boston University in 1954
after he refused to say whether
he was a Communist. He has
been linked in testimony before
Sertate investigators to a So-
viet spy ring.
The State Department's dis-
closure was contained in
memorandum in support of a
proposed law to deny passports
to persons supporting. Interna-
tional communism.
The Supreme Court ruled in
1958 that passports could not.
be denied to Communists or
others because of their political
beliefs.
Dr. Halperin and his wife,
Edith, were then in Mexico
City, the State Department
noted. They had been linked:
to the escape behind the Iron:
Curtain of Alfred K and
Martha Dodd Stern, who were.
Aunder Federal indictment for
espionage.
After the Supreme Court rul
Kng. the Halperins applied to
the United States Embassy in
Continued on Page 7, Columa 1
The New York Times
1 September 1960
FORMER U. S. AIDE
AT WORK IN SOVIET
Continued From Pace 1, Col. 1
Mexico City, for passports and
left Mexico Oct. 13. 1955. At
the time, the State Department
noted they were about to be
deported from Mexico for Com-1
munist activities.
Reports that Dr. Halperin
was working for the Soviet
Government in Moscow were
confirmed last July 13, the
State Department memorandum|
went on, when he and his wife.
appeared at the embassy to re-
hew, their passporta
Embassy officials reported|
that they had been told by Dr.
Halperin that he and his wife
had been in the Soviet Union]
since December, 1953, and that
he was working for the Soviet
Academy of Sciences "doing:
research in the foreign field,
especially relating to under-
developed countries."
The State Department, re-
calling that Dr. Halperin was
an authority on Latin-American.
affairs, added that our infor-|
mation indicates that this prob-|
ably is the field in which he is!
working at the present time."
State Department officials
have repeatedly called attention,
to the Soviet trade and cultural
offensive in Latin America -
Referring to Dr. Haleprin's
employment by the Soviet
Academy, the State Depart-
ment observed that it was di
rectly subordinate to the Soviet
Council of Ministers..
file in si
Requested by Keating
The memorandum was pre-
pared at the request of Senator
Kenneth B. Keating, Republican
of New York. He and Senator
Thomas J. Dodd, Democrat of
Connecticut are sporisering a
bill that seeks to restore some
of the State Department's...
authority to deny passports.
Senator Keating, who entered
the memorandum in The Con-
gressional Record of Aug. 16,
expressed regret at the time]
that his bill was not likely to
be passed in this session of
Congress, President Eisenhower
and State Department officials
have backed the purpose of
the measure.
Meanwhile, Representative
Francis E Walter, Democrat
of Pennsylvania and chairman
of the Committee on Un-Amert-
can Activity, said he had or
dered a month-long preliminary
investigation into the case of
two missing employes of the
National Security Agency.
The two employes of the top-1
secret coding agency, Bernon
F. Mitchell and William H.
Martin, are alleged to home
taken valuable secrets to the
Soviet Union.
Representative Walter said
that he understood that one of
the missing men had made
enquiries in their agency about:
the U-2 reconnaissance plane:
flight over the Soviet Union
before it took place on May 1.
Mr. Walter said that he was
_ convinced that the Soviet had
had advance knowledge of the
flight. Francis Gary Powers.
the U-2 pilot, was downed in
the Soviet Union and subse
quently sentenced to ten years.
detention.
Refused to Appear
BOSTON, Aug. 31-Dr. Hal
perin was officially dismissed
from the faculty of Boston
University on Jan & 1954. Hel
had refused a summons to ap-
pear before a university com-
mittee of review to discuss his
case.
Dr. Harold C. Case, president
of the university. telephoned
Dr. Halperin in Mexico City:
offering to pay his expenses)
to Boston and return. But thei
professor declined He hadi
been chairman of the univer
sity's Latin-American regional,
studies.
201-128561.
14-00000
Washington Post
1 Sept. 1960.
* Thursday, Sept. 1, 1969 THE WASHINGTON POST
Halperin, U. S. Ex-Aide,
Is Now a Soviet Official
Associated Pres
The State Department says
that Maurice H. Halperin, a
former United States Govern
ment official linked by Senate)
Investigators to Soviet espi-
onage activities, apparently is:
serving now as a Latin-Amer
ican adviser to the Russians.
Halperin was head of the
Latin-American Division
the Office of Strategic Serv
ices during the latter part of
World War II and later an as-
sociate professor at Boston
University. Before the war, he
had been on the faculty of
the University of Oklahoma.
of
In 1954 he was dismissed by
Boston University after Sen-
ate investigators received tes-
timony linking him to a Soviet]
spy ring and he refused to:
answer a question as to]
whether he was a. Communist.
Associated Pres
1American Embassy in Mexico
City, where he had gone after
being dismissed by Boston
University, and used it to
leave Mexico on Oct. 13, 1958.
The State Department said
that shortly after 'Halperin
and his wife departed from
Mexico It received informa
tion that he was employed in
Moscow by the Soviet Union.)
"This was confirmed on July
15, 1960, when the Halperins,
appeared at the American
Embassy in Moscow and pre-
sented their U. S passports
for renewal," the Depart-
ment's report said, adding:
"Halperin stated that he
had been in the U.S.S.R. since:
December, 1958, and that he is
employed by the U.S.S.R.
Academy of Sciences where
he is doing research in the
The latest information on
foreign field, specially, relat
Halperin's whereabouts is
ing to undeveloped countries."
contained in a report compiled
The Department recalled]
by the State Department
that Halperin was something;
about persons to whom it has.
of an authority on Latin-
been compelled to issue pass-deny passports to Communists: American affairs and said,
ports under a 1958 decision of or to other persons because of "Our information Indicates
the Supreme 
Court.
that this probably is the field
The Court held that the De-! After the ruling. Halperin in which he is working at the
partment lacks authority to applied for a passport at the present time."
MAURICE H. HALPERIN
belleved Soviet employe
their political beliefs.
1262
201-28 561
無

14-00000
Gk
Ex-OSS Official Works
For Reds in Moscow
By VICTOR LASKY
North American Newspaper Alliance
A former Boston University
professor, who once was a high
official in the OSS has turned
up in Moscow working for the.
Soviet government,
The professor, Dr. Maurice
H. Halperin, fled this country
seven years ago after an in-
quiry into his Communist back-
ground.
According to the State De-
[partment. he probably is ad-
vising Soviet officials on Latin
American affairs. an area in
hich he is expert.
Prof. Halperin was suspended
☑Boston University in 1953
after he refused, on constitu-
tional grounds, to tell a Senate
'subcommittee whether he had
¡ever been a Communist Party
member.
MAURICE R. HALPERIN
-AP Photo
According to the State De-
partment, he had previously
Dr. Halperia. It was obvious;
been involved in Soviet espio-
nage in wartime Washington. on the basis of the information
[contained in his dossier that
He had been named by Eliza-;
beth Terri Bentley, admitted the State Department had been
keeping an eye on the former
former spy courier. as one of professor's movements for some!
her sources of 
supply among time.
Government officials.
Intrigue in Mexico
Fired in Oklahoma
And since 1953, Dr. Halperin. From is31 to 1941. Dr. Hal-
has been involved in still more perin-& Harvard University
Intrigue as an "exile in Mexi-graduate-had been a professor
co. It was he. for example, at the University of Oklahoma.
who assisted two suspected According to the record. it was
spies in their flight from Mex- in this period that he directed
ico to Czechoslovakia to avoid Communist activities in Okla
United States extradition pro-'homa and on repeated visits
ceedings.
to Mexico, conferred with Mex-
On July 15, 1960. Dr. Hal-ican Red leaders. Oh one visit
perin and his wife, Edith, ap- to Cubs in 1935, he and other.
peared at the United States leftwingers had been arrested
Embassy in Moscow to present by Cuban authorities and
their United States passports pelled from the country.
for renewal..
In 1941. much of this was
WASH DC
STAR
31
Aug
60
HALPERIN
various questions concerns;
his alleged Commu
ties.
In November, 1933. Dr. Hal-
penn and wife without!
notifying the university. bet
their home in the middle of the
night never to return. Turning?
up in Mexion, they became
members of the American Com-
munist group in Mexico.
Like most ACGM members!
the Halperans did well. They
invested in an ice cream com-
pany, dabbled in real estate.
and obained jobs. Dr. Halperin
was employed by the Mexwan
government as a financial con-
sultant and his wife taught in
the American School Founda-
tion.
They also became friendle
with Alfred K. Stern and his
wife, the former Martha Dodd.
daughter of a former Grated
States Ambassador to Germany
The fact the Sterns had been
implicated in Soviet espionage
came out with the arrest in
New York of Jack Sobie, a S
vlet agent. To avoid being ex-
tradited to the United States)
to testify before a special grandi
jury on their associations with
Sotle and "the double agens:
Boris Morros" the Sterns fledi
to Czechoslovakia in July. 1957)
Dr. Halperin described as
beins "Intimately involved in;
their plans for escape." had
obtained airline reservations
for the Sterns under others
Continued Proca First Pate names. As a result, the Mexi
ernment 
service. 
Explored as can covernment was consideri
chief of the Latin Amervan'ing his case for deportation.
division 
of the Cce of Stra. On October 12, 1958, the Ha!!
tegic Services the OSS was perins left
Mexico having!
then the United States Crian obtained plane reservations in
Intelligence-Gathering Agencythe names of other persons
he later was transferred to the
State Department in boch
agencies, according to the
Elizabeth Beater tesimony. be
transmitted confidential.docu-
received information
ments to a Sorte: syy ring. shortly after Halperin's de
parture from Mexico that be:
was employed in Moscow bri
In 1949. he became head of the USSR. The was confirmeat
the Latin America regional on July 15. 1960. when the!
students section a: Boston Uni-Halperins appeared a: the
College of Liberal American Embassy in Moscow i
and presented their United;
A year later. he was first: States passports for renewal..
Linked to Syy Ring
ex-versity's
Arts.
In Russia Since 1958
The State Department mem-
orandum conchudés:
"We
All this was disclosed in a disclosed in an investigation
.State Department memoran- conducted by an Oklahoma
dum prepared for Senator State. legislative committee.
Keating. Republican of New. The committee. Investigating
York, who has been urging the subversive activities in Okla-
passage of Eisenhower-sup-.homa. produced information
ported legislation empowering that in 1940 Dr. Halperin had:
the department to deny pass- cashed a check for $436 drawn
ports to active participants in on the Bank of Foreign Trade:
Soviet skullduggery.
in Moscow. As a result. Dr.
The
citing Halpern was dismissed from
memorandum.
"cases where passports have the University of Oklahoma.
had to be issued to known Despite this record. Dr. Hal-repeatedly inseted the Pith the field in which he is wo**
publicly identited as a member "Halperin stated that bei
of a Soviet spy ring. This came had been in the USSR inte
about when Vice Presiens December, 1938, and that he
Nixon, then a California Con-employed by the Soviet Acad
gressman made a top emy of Sciences where he ☑
1secret memorandumen es-idoing research... relating to
pionage transcnted, by FBI underdeveloped countries.
the White House ca Noven-perin is something of an sugg
Director Edear Hoover to 
"It will be recalled that Ha
thony
Communists." devoted consid-perin managed to enter Gov-
rable attention to the case of See HALPERIN, Page A-6
ber 8, 1945.
on Latin Americas
In March. 1953. Boston's affairs. Our information in
Federal Building. Dr. Halpern dicates that this probably i
of
Amendment when in a bear-ling at the present time.
ing conducted by the Senate!
Internal Security Subcommit-Sciences is directly subordinate
"The 
Sovies Academy
-tee-he refused to rep with the Council of Ministers."
31
білед
60
201-128561
"
:
14-00000
S. ANALYST.
SECRET
(When Filled for
DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE
SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
CROSS REFERRED TO
DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION
::
RI FILE, NO.
". DISPATCH soco DOC. SYMBOL NO.
4. DATE
7. SOURCE CAYTON
S. DATE 01 INFO. ". EVALUATION
DATE PROCESSED
110. PESSIMINATOR IN
DOCUMENT DISPANAN
☐
13. INANSERR-20
HI FILE 40.
PERTINENT INFORMATION
HALPERIN, MAURICE
SEX M 003 ?
CIT ?
201-128561
201-005239
HMMA-15425
03 AUG 60
08-974
LETTER TO SR. SRA, ALBERT MALTZ /RE FAMILY
MATTERS, COMMING VISIT OF HALPERIN
CHILDREN, MALTZ VISIT.
15.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
FORM
9-37
867 VIOUS EDITIONs.
SECRET
DAT
PAFR
3 ang 60
201 128 561
(7-46)
14-00000
છે
FROM:
RID M
SECRET
(WHER SLLED IN)
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
NOTE: Int. absence of comments or indication of actio
taken the ever sheet will be destroyed when the
document fled.
COMMENTS
1.
2.
ΤΟ
ROOM
NO.
DATE
Corficies
INITIALS
RECEIVES
3.
046
WHO CASTIN
APR
$31900
5.
Hlyn
6.
King
Mugibus
9.
182/118/m
RECORD
11/515/16
10.
11.
ES/525
12.
13.
14.
Parded
COPY
26.14:00
age
detachick
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DOF-45287, 24
Dean 60,
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which were passed to
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ENCLOSURE
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1400L
ABSTRACT
INDEX
Copy fråd 150-6-113
“HALPERIN, MAURICE H.
FILE NUMBER
041-128501
DOCUMENT CATE
7
AK
DOCUMENT NUMBER
FORM
USE PREVIOUS
6100
EDITIONS
SAPR
SECRET
ANMA-14789
505390
1001
14-00000
TO
INFO
FROM
SUBJECT
DISPATCH
Chief, MID
ACTION REQUIRED
REFERENCEƖS}
LASTON
NTPEDIRIPIAL
DISPATEN S
10-A-11709
Chief of Station, Mexico
Maurice H. HALPERIA
Information only
HEADQUAĚTERS FIREW
201-128561
P-1115
DATE
8 April 1960
5
(CHECK ONE
MARKED FOR INDEUNG
NO INDELING REQUIRED
INDEUNG CAN SE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED NO DESK ONLY
SOURCE: LIEI HIT/LIMUD
1. Attached for your information and retention are two items
of correspondence sent from roscow by Maurice H. HALFERIN and/or
Edith HALPERIN to the Albert MALTZ (201-5239) family in Mexico.
2.
:
- Copies of this correspondence have been given to ODEVY
locally for their information.
Willard C. Curta
Willard C. CURTIS
Attachments
1-negatives, I Lotter, sport card
2- prints of negative
6 April 1960.
Distribution:
3
-
HQS w/atts
1041
☑
53°
320 32
WHAT CO
ES COPY
CAPTION.TIAL
HENCL
8' spr
60
241-12859
Fond M
14-00000
augstines,
HAIMA-14789
AH.It Huma-14789 (negative)
8 врё во
201-128561
19
14-00000
UNDAY, JULY 1
HOLIDAY
THRILLERS
PATRICK QUENTIN
his Shadow of Guitt'
•Enthrallingly readable - Times
ELIZ. FENWICK
her A Long Way Down'
• Brilliant-Western Mail
EDWIN LANHAM
This Double Jeopardy'
*A great climax-pool Post
JEAN POTTS
her Blood Will Tell'
•First-rate-Sphere.
DESMOND O'NEILL
his Life Has No Price'
•Unusuely good-Spectator
Keitijousty Prospect 13
Cipt
Jr. E. Halpern
127
Morcon
4.245
11.5.5.2.
PÅR AVION
Mrs Margaret Malty
San Angel
Mexico City.
Yarls 14
Мексика
19
ه نار
“GOBBLING
BILLY"
Dyneley James novel about a
VETERAN CAR
that they are calling a
good as Genevieve"
"7
SHARES IN A
GOLD MINE"
This astonishing real-life crime
story by Margaret Larkin has
created an immediate sentation
"Fascinating,
enthralling
ATI #2
201-1283
T
14-00000
:
2
August 6, 1959
Kutuzovory Prospect 13
upid 127
-
2278.
4.S.S.R.
Dearest Margaret a family you wen
We missed all
lift. 
Even now
yin
еля
You stee
upat.
window hoping
aftin.
your betree.
ay
has
Thanks for Chinking of
He lought 
a guitar
playing full tunes,
well ofte
to hot and
هند .
الحنينات زين بعد
dusty here
we manage
gus an tiofi Chay trip of
Semprod
was most
delissful.
a real interesting city
and the Hermitage 
cons 
real
lose
-
Donid got notion to day be
Parsed the first half 6 - all he tol
his national Medical Board & amo.
Te made 18- 150 passing,..
plenet.
755
weare
What new with all fijin. Hous
the waths: How did
Jays he did it
gove
the clipping a
tions!
ه سلااذ
Linder
book fin
Rape. Congratula
Forfin all of us
Edith.
هر
11
14-00000
ION
Leningrad 29/7/59
This is the view from
Famil MALTZ
our hotel window. Yarto 14
you missn't miss this
tour hast time.
a city in the
-
it's México 20, D.F.
MEXICO
grand
tractition: palce,
parky and
علم.
wonderful
-people and
Edith Davies Mini 
Munseppan
Hom
1.1. &ive boor...
P
15%
14-00000
UNCLASSIFIED
.☐
INTERNAL
'SE ONLY
SUBJECT: (Ophonai)
FROM:
CI/SID
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building!
1.
WE/3
2.
3.
4.
Chief, CI Staff
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
DATE
OFFICER'S
EFCRIVED
USD
5.
CILLSN
31 MAR 1950
6.
SHY
10
ENTIAL
✓ SECRET.
Date
CSCI-3/759,324
1 for 60
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whoD
Draw a line across column after each comment!
b wan
For Coordination
7.
RIDIAN
8.
9.
RID/MIS
RID/AN
10.
RID/MIS
11.
4 Las
HALPERIN, Maurice
Hyman
201-128561
DATE
DEK
D
APR 960
12.
13.
14%
15.
FORM
1 DEC 30.
RIFFI
610 USE PREVIOUS
EDITIONS
SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
INTERNAL
USE ONLY
UNCLASSIFIED

14-00000
FANDOM Puit: Directer
SECRET
NOFORN/COIENCED CONTROL
Fateral Burn of Issestigation
Attention: kr. ½ J. fardsh
● Maurice Nyman HALISRUM
- R
Dream File lamber 65-14303
1 APR 1360
1. His office has learned thraga a sositive source of
Ama 
rallability 
that, for many years, Murice lysms BALFERDI
•
taa bous sequinted with a 
Dr. Maro JAINA who had on office st
55 
todo la Conventiey Paris 15, FrBLED,
212 Petrinry 190 va desem! through a delicate EMUPTO
tho han 
provddal 
ratiable informtion in the most that Mark JAM,
H. A, a maturalia 
Franghatimu on 19 December 106 in
Him, famia, 
resides with his fully at 55 tis suo de la Gen-
winton, Faris is. 
The ass, most anique SAL,
wing in Paris 
en 30. Jay 1913. A com, Serye JAINA, NGO
borti en 7 Garbabes 1940 
in ventas-de-cont, &aim, Prena. This
saba 20 
dermatory information in JARN.
3. According to our records, a Dr. H. JAI, living at 55
Mis rus 
de la 
Carenton, Paris 15, was a resuber of the "Carito
d'itisting" (
ayyedsing one) of a (in Movement Distre
le Dicism, 1'And-
Goodtimus et rour la Faiz -- Novamont Aptina's
Resin 
Antikation and for Fenme), a Commist frant orgeden-
tion formed in 1949 to 
promote Gonadas ang Jadah alawanti.
Hou, our 
recus full to show may continual reowd of estivity
in this organimation 
on the part of JAI.
FOR TAR DAPLARY DIRECTOR (PLAYS),
0501-3/739,328
COPY FRED IN 201-2-72727
Signed: S. H. Horton
JANES ARGLETON
201-125561
CS COPY
201-185653
14-00000.
Alstriablens-
(zig. & 1 - Addressee
1-650
-
-
C/CI
CL/BE
SECRET
NOFORK/PENDED CONTROL
RID (20-272727 so JAIM)
1 - AD (211105033 ra HALMAS)
•
CI/LIA
1 - GI/MA
CI/3D gerte das (28 March 1960)
Based on PA-50546, dated 12 Föhrenry 1960, Sue BRIZAVIS
SECRET
NOFORK/COHEN CONTROL
201-128561
201-185053
14-00000
POC. SUBJECT
SECRET
(hen, Fitted In)
EXTRACT AND CROSS REFERENCE
BOTIMENI
DATE OF րո,
---
INNTIFICATION
FILE CLASSIFICATION OF RECORD COPY
SOURCE INFORMATION
SOLATE TONYM
DATE OF INFO.
TEXT OF EXTRACT (Aleo cite, doc. distribution, Disses. No.. etc. - If applicable)
HALPERIN, MAURICE
201-128561
SEX M 008 ?
CIT ?
EVALUATION
201-271376
HMMA-14482
10 FEB 60
OCC ?
MEMBER OF AMERICAN COMMUNIST GROUP IN
MEXICO. CONTACT OF ADOLFO RUDICH GOLDBERG
201-271376 10 FEB 57.
Indicate The Subject, Project Or
201 File No. In Which This
Form Is To Be Filed.
SUBJECT OF 201 (Last. First, Middle)
FORM 867 VIRUS.
6-60
EDITIO
CORR CARD
R 7302220210
201-
128561
SECRET
GROUP
N
(7-46)
14-00000
Tilue
TO
CE/SE
1.
Chef, CI
3.
ROOM
NO.
OUTING AND RECORD SHEFT
COMMENTS
DATE
INITIALS
Y
4
تھا۔
e
4.
*SK/COP/CE
11935
८
S.
"Selow
號
9
no
7.
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Collins
10.
Chief, 13/3
11.
12.
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13.
14.
JEVAN
16.
17.
.18.
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Ne
RECORD COPY
*
Halperin, Maurice
سه بر فار ریستار
COORDINATING OFFICERS
NAME
OFFICE
Evant
San Evens
CI/CPS
AUTHENICATING OFFICER
NAME
J. Baylator
TITLE
Janes Angleton.
Chief, CI Staff
5/3
RELEASING OFFICER.
Mi
NAME
WEA
ENCLOSURE
ABSTRACT
DATE MICROFILMED
INDEX
FORM
358
610b
vision
FILE NUMBER
TITLE
c/16/3
201-12856/✓
DOCUMENT DATE:
DOCUMENT -NUMBER-
017-7/192
SECRET
(40)
!
4-00000
ΤΟ
122
DISPATCH
Chief of Station, Paris
FROM
[SUBJECT
Chief, HE Division
INGERED CONTROL
| SMICE AND MA
OFTH-24192
HEADQUARTERS
201-128561
DATE
Genaral
-
ICHAYFOHL
Specifie - Haprice Ryann RAIPERTH
ACTION REQUIRED
✗
Born 3 March 1906, Boston, Haño,
Sea Paragraph a
REFERENCES)
RE-143-3" — CONECA ONE)
MARKED FOR INDERING
NO INDEXING REQUIRED
INDEXING CAN BE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED HQ. DESK ONLY
1. It has come to our attention through a sensitive source of known
reliability that Maurice Hyman HALPERIN, a former member of our predecessor
Lorganization, apparently has known the falleding individual for a member of
yours &
Dr. Maro JATHA
74 Avenue Gastob Boissier
Viroflay (Sains et Ciss), France
Office address a 1945
55 bis rue de la Convention
Paris 15, France
2. KALPERIN, who is residing in the USSR at the present time, is of
continuing interent to us because of his prior connection with our predeces-
sar organization and the Department of State and because of his association
with kno™m Soviet agents including Martha Dodd STERN and her husband, Alfred
K. STERN. 
In the summer of 1959 HALPERIN's son, Charles (Carlos) David "HAL
PERIN, who is generally known as David HALPERIN (born 5 May 1937, Oklahoma
City, 
Oklahoma), visited the JAINA family in Paris en route to and from the
USSR to see his parents. It is believed that he was in Paris ● 25-30 June
1959 and again in the latter part of August 1959.
3. He would appreciate having you attempt to obtain information on
JAINA through your independent sources. We prefer not to disclose to your
liaison services our knowledge of HALPERIN's connection with the JAINA family
because of the sensitivity of our source. However, we would have no objection
to your querying your liaison services for information on David HALPERT based
upon the attached newspaper clipping. David HALPERIN is now in Chicago, Illi-
nois where he is studying medicine. Maurice HALFERIN attended the Universite
de Paris 1929–1931.
Attachment
Distribution:
Orig. & 1 - Addressee w/att.
1
-
WE/3 w/att.
1 - WH/3 w/att.
և
-
RID (201-128561) w/att.
3 - CI/SID 1/3 atts.
CI/SID Carter:lac/2356
A.Bak
FORM
13.57 53
1407
USE PREVIOUS EDITION
REPLACES AGENS
31.25 AND ST 2
WHICH ARE DE
MORTIMER F. BINGHAM
14 Dm. 59
201-125561
CONTINUED
PAUL NO.
14-00000
The Washington Post
6 December 1958
6458
Red Asylum in Mexico.. By Roscoe Drummond
Foreign Communists Find It a Safe Operating Base
MEXICO CITY—Formign, today. The record is perfect- sheltered safely here. They
Communists continue to Sud ly clear on that.
Mexico an easy and valuable
base from which to operate
- and, they
are operating.
on a large.
scale. today.
Mexico pro
vides not only
& welcome
haven
when:
things get to
hot at home
- there
are
families
thrummend
at least 100
Co in m 11
gist
from the United States here
night but also a strate
pot from which to mount
Paversive activities through.
the western hemisphere.
For years the Mexican now
ernment has given sate har
bor for foreign Communists
_ as well as revolutionaries of
the extreme right--on the the
ory that it was applying the
respected and humane con
cept of asylum for those suf-
fering political persecution.
Mexican leaders and Intel.
lectuais greatly pride them
selves that their country of
fers asylum so freely and so
unquestioningly and there is
no evidence that the new
government will change this
policy in any important par
ticular.
What Mexican leaders de
But choose to recognize is
that there is a vast differ-
ence between providing
bum for those who are
persecuted and providing
asylum for those who use
this privilege to prepare
Persecution against others.
3715 18 the war the great,
trition of politics
stylem is being abused here
For five years Mexico har
bored some 100 to 150. Ven
eruelan Communist leaders
assembled under the dires
tion of the Soviet Embassy.
They carried on subversion
against their country from
within Mexico and the dan
gerous rise of communism in
Venezuela rame from-services
rendered while Mexico was
making it safe for them to
operate. They have now made
their way back to Venezuela.
There is a group of at least
RO Guatemalan Communists
who are doing the same thing.
and are waiting only the
tunely moment to return.
Occasionally a foreign Cont-
munist violates his "asylum"
so distantly that he runs
afoul of the law here or else:
where. This is what happened
to Jose Manuel Fortuny, the
Secretary General of the
Communist Party in Guate
mala, who has been operating
freely here, for some time.
He obtained a false Mexican
passport to go to Moscow a
few weeks ago, but this be
came known and had to be
discarded He started his re-
turn trip by way of Rio de
Janeiro and was picked up by
the alert Brazilian police for
presenting another false 
pass
port
both made off for Prague..
where they were lately card!
by Maurice Haigern, for
mer Riston University teach.
er who was also ifying here
and
now all three are
ready for future assignments.
Moscow maintains a busy
and bulging embassy in Mex
ico City, one of its largest in
the western hemisphere, to!
direct and energue subver
give operations. There are
138 adults on the embassy.
fist and 48 children. Wives
dlo their einbassy Chores
whether they are acest
or no
The clandestine charact
of much of the Soviet
bassy's role here is lustr♪..
ed by its extremely tight op
erations. It does not permit
single
itself to empley
Mexican national to do tien,
the most mental caretaking
work. A Mexican isa't al
lowed even to polish the knob
on the outside of the front
door. It uses only tea non-
Soviet employes and these:
are
Communists imported
from Spain. All ten speaki
Russian fluently.
Even the education of the
children of the embases staff
is carried on inside the en-
bassy, walls and no Mexican
teachers are employed.
The Soviet embassy hasten
officers on its military staf!
anong whom are three raval
captains--this in a country
whose nays is virtually non-
existent.
the
THE ADULT United States
Communist population here
This staff is ab
hovers around 200 most of
the time. Once in a while a vlously more concerned with
US Communist as in the what military secrets it can
United
recent: case of Gus Hall, procure from
given over to US author States than from Mexico, par
ties. But this is a rarity ticularly since the border is
When Communist Albert Sasy to cross by agents
Stern whose wife is Commu who serve the Sie began
ist Afartha Dodd Stern, was
wanted to jesty in the Se
ble Soviet spy, res
Un Mexton
14-00000
201-128561
TO
.148
Firestar
SECRET/HOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
CSEI-3/757639
Foders Durnes of Investigation (
Attentions Hr. B. J. Papich
8 DEC 1959
BROWS
Toputy Director, Plans
:
corresponent of
701-5239
SUBJECTS Albert HAZ.
REFERANCE: COCI-3/755,300, dated 26 June 1959.
Listed below are the names of persons or companies with whom
Subjoot 
and/or his wife have 
been in correspondence during the
period 17 at to 23 
Catober 159. For your information only,
a photocopy of each ion in 
attached. Since the following
corvenpindrice 
was obtained from a highly sensitive source, infor
mation contained herein 
should not be disseminated outside of your
Burosa
1. Correrpantonen with hat PALTE, 27 E. 79th Street, New York 21.
(Atacionit 1)
´a) In a short letter postmarked 14 September 1959 the writer
asks Subject and 
his wife to send a note to "Aunt Farg",
at Forest Hills 
Nursing Home, Yollowstons Blvd., Forest
Hills, K.Y. 
Enclosed with the latter is a mall newspaper
clipping, apparently 
to point out that Pail NISAN xill
do Exodus.
b) A personal letter from "FA", with no return address, is
postmarked New 
York City. Enclosed with the letter is
copy of the 
first page of the Sports Section from the
27 September 1959 
isso of the New York Times.
An unsigned personal letter, bearing no return address,
18 portmarked 
Fow York City and addressed to Kiss Katly
MALTZ. AYMALTZ 
is gpparently planning to visit Maxico
during December. The 
orclosed a newspaper clipping,
concerning actors 
who are taking part in the film pro
duction of Exodus
, for delivery to Sabjock.
2. Correspondence with Maxim
Marsaw, olar. (Atlant
O
Avarezalkowska 10/26 = 12.
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
ན་ཀའr
201-5239
8. Dec 59
201-128561
14-00000
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
In a personal letter dated 17 August 1959, addressed to
Margaret ALU kad sieted by "axin," one paragraph reados
"You may have byơit Janine when you spoke of delirious
crowds win 'The fact, alas, is that the
ormals were letra and enthusiastic, DIPITE THE FACT THẬT
MAIN THE RADIO ANNOUNCED THE HOUR
ELER THE EMRE TO PROTANTI, The Poles still
feel closer to the on to the USR. After all, they
have willloix in the States who send them food
or clothing en money."
b) MLTL former's a literated 14 September 1959, which
kan leon s
7. at Apartado 2178 in Mexico
City, Transhirt, trage and Co., Inc., publishers, 750
Harik The letter, aimed by Lisa M. MAYER,
of the School by took fewrtment, requesta N's
perior to marint "À Shipment of Mute fate" by Martin
8, dupted for indio by Les CRUTCHFIELD.
A letter dated 26 textender 1957 from "Maxin" is addressed.
to
abject's
Now York Litery
headling for
publication.
is glad to learn that Part FLES,
Nas no objection to LIER's
Cold Mine for possible Polish
cannot understand why Subject's wife.
should wish to disguine herself by using the pen name
"Durenio ." "Unless in selecting a Russian
pseudonym yurished in this subtle fashion to cast aspersion
on the bussian character." L has just returned from
Dularia, Were is hud spent fifteen days on a perfectly
glorious beaction the Black Sea .... we have little to
omplain about, especially since Khrushchow is strengthening
the 
peace front." Whed received a lotter from Phil
[ presumably Philip STEVENSON and also a card from "Jerry,
who seas 
to be enjoying Moscow. His wife, Alice, returned
to the states. Question: Will Jorry follow?" Toward the
land of the latter LR thanks his correspondent for the
greetings from Salvador OCAMPO and Ferta. "What, I wonder,
is Salvador doing since the dismal failure of that bandit?
It may interest you to know that Alice MILVY, the widow of
the Lawyer who had set up that scoundrel with a substantial
Bun
, 
told us that her husband had also been vistimised,
he had boon one of STRA's closest friends." LINGER'S
letter also indicates that Margaret MALTZ stayed at the
Grand Hotel while in Warsaw.
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
SECRETINOENDU
14-00000
CONTINERO CONTROL
4) late row fubject to LITER, dated 7 October 1959.
Subje mailed 
a check to Lilm's account in
Count and will 
continue to transfer the interest,
pratly come 
investment, about every two months.
fro, addressed to Ɛubject and dated
7th 
115 
l have a statement notarised
officer 
to indicate is holding.
find 
for the
meations "the
1
severantial references to 'Cod' that behov
mwing 
on his transcontinental tour. Rather
for the kind of 
atheist X. insists he is.
At l'xsure 
that 
a good part of the American people are
Tuterally impressed .... I 
personally feel convinced that
cov's visit to the U.S.A. is 
going to compel &
relexation 
of tensions." 
In this letter LIATER says he
dom on the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria for the first
tienty 
days of September. 
In expressing sorrow over the
death of ir. Ernesto AMA, 
MERA writes, "I oven have
sense of guilt and 
complicity in his trario and untimely
and (Ursular. As wife, by 
the way, indicated
that this wasn't normal, 
but of course this remains between
us) because while he was 
still in Mexico Ernesto had written
us to say how anxius he was 
to get to one of the people's
debarncies where he could make 
a contributions and we
piled a mriber of wires 
here and in Berlin to achieve
this for him."
3. Horrespondence with Kaurice WLAN, Kuturovaky Prospect, U,
(Attachment 3)
Susp of
74-5239
a) in a letter from HALPER, dated 26 September 1359, the
writer aphasizes the 
importance of adtressing his mail
correctly, as captioned 
above."
received a lotter dated 15 September from the MALIfess
On 25 September HALPERN
however, platures were 
not enclosed, and HALPERN wonders
whether this happened 
through error or pilferage. He is
pleased with clippings Margaret 
has sent him and thanks
Albart for the UN materials
. His stunned by the
death of Barciso PANOS, with 
whom he had had a "stim
lating conversation" 
Last February in Moscow. The
HALPERINS expect to 
get a telephone soon; next week
HAIPIRIN will have a full-
time research assistant. In
the posteoript, he acis, "
Any news about the little.
business matter of ours 
wo asked you to handle?" He offere
to see NOVA about a Russian 
edition of Seven Shares
[See references to Helen BIANOVA 
under 4 – baloy
SECRETINGFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
1450000
...:
SECRET/NGFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
b) Another letter from PAPERY dated 14 October 1959
acknowledges receipt of the UN Se Survey of LA 1957"
and a registered package containing clippings.
Corresponderes concerning Seven Shares in a Gold Mine,
(Attachment
'Subject's wife, in several letters dated 23 September 1959,
wrote persons listed below that she was asking har English
publishers, Victor Collanca, Ltd., to send each a copy of
her book entitled Seven Shares in a Gold Mine, obviously
to promote its sales and to seek its publicution in Soviet/
Satellite countries. In two of the letters, addressed to
the first two persons listed below, she anclosed copies of
a review of the book, written by Viola Brothers FIRE,
which appeared in Mainstreay, an American magasinė.
Fr. Alexei KRASILNIKOV, Publishing House for
Foreign Literature, 52 Sovo Alexeyevskaya,
Moscon, WYR
Mr. Miodrog STAMATONIC, Jugoslovenska Autorska
Agencija, Marsala Tita 15, Eolgrado, Yugoslavia
Fr. Edmund SENIL, Nowotki 25 m 363, Warsaw, Poland.
Mr. Adam TARK, Cardomierska 21, Warsaw, Poland
Miss Raya QUA, Foreign Literature, Piatnitakaya
41, Moscow, Una
Miss Oxana 17/ZKAYA, Foreign Commission of
Union of Soviet citers, 52 Ulitsa Vorovskogo,
Morcow, Wt [ 4-, below]
;
Miss Pants No; Literaturnaya Caseta, Ivetnol
Julvar 30, Moscow,
b) In another letter dated 23 September 1759, and addrossed
to Mr. Hilary Victor Collanos, Ltd., 14 Harrietta
5. Cavant filen, London, M.C. 2, fubjoot's wife requeste
that 
the nine and dunes of and TARN, two literary
people 
in Wied to the list she had sent the
publishers a day or two aro.
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL

4-00000
SECRET/NUPURN
CONTRIVED CONTROL
c) A letter from Victor Sellancs Ltd., signed by Hilary
RUDASTRIN and dated 29 September, is in answer to an
order placed by Subject's wife.
4) A letter from milia, Czechoslovak Theatrical and Literary
Aroncy, Prague, dated 26 September 1359, acknowledges
receipt of reviews of Seven Shares in a Gold Hine, which
have been sent on to a publishing house for consideration.
A letter from a RSKAYA dated 21 October 1959
sebnowledsos repels of book and letter, noted in 4
at SEARA passes on greetings from Halen
KOHLINIVA.
1) On 20 October 1959, a shock, drawm on the Security First
National T of los Angeles and signed by Marpares MALTZ,
is sunt to iron and Schuster, Inc., 136 West 52nd Street,
New York, 19, A.I.
* Cest Spain?
A
5. Correguader with Filardoomas Pereton 9, Madrid,
Sally 701-5239
A bandition leter in Spanish from "Pilar" to the FALTZE
1s dated 20 September 1959. Pilar has just received
HALmen letter telling her of the death of (r) mesto.
, her former tushund, and now requests details as to
the dreamstaticus. She writes that their son Dickie had
not Hoard from his father since September 1953, nor has
West letter &ANK had written his son via the MALLes
beca received.
b) Inanmer to the foreroing, written in Spanish by Subfoot'a
wife, on 1 October 1959, reveals that a loster which ir.
A hard writion on 27 July had been forwarded to Pilar
de for delimry to their son Dickte. Although
Subject's wife's request, had road the letter
and bird for Pilar at the above address, slie
cannot understun why it was not received. Subject's vice
relates what
the letter to Dickie. Suffering from
diod in a Corman hospital after
encephalitis,
his return there for the third timo. The MALTZes visited
IT. MURN during their recent European trip.
6. Correspondence with
Tos Angeles 5 d.
S, Attorney, 112 West 9th Street,
(Atsiment of
SECRETINOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
201-5239
14-00000
I
SECRETINOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
6-
a) In a Cotter dated 16 September PABOLIS MALTZ to
rive his proferance for attorneys to consuls with respect
to the peasibility of litigation against the Immigratio
Ɛovico.
b) Subject's answer to the foregoing is dated 23 September.
Since Rebinovits and Poudia had represented his previously,
Subject ritos, he would be reluctant to hire any other
law firm unless there were a solid reason" to do so.
7. Correspondence with Bernd FATO, Public Accountant,
usingan Saamely, roz. der 185, Studio City, California.
(Attuciniout 7)
Forr plecos of correspondence, dated early October 1959,
nor earn Ɛubject's finances.
A letter from SKACH, united 22 September 1959, doals
with real estate investment opportunities as well as with
Subject's finances.
with a letter dated 13 October 1959 SK sends Subjoot
a copy of Waldo FANK's petition for a writ of certiorari
to review on earlier judgment proventing his travel to
Chine.
d) In an envelope postmarked 22 October 1959 SEAURON mailed
Bubject his check book analyard for September..
STL
A
-US
8. Corremontees with Philly and ISON, 2101 Stanlay
rive, os Angeles, formin. (Altacimient
Cicling thing 201-5234
In an envelope postmarked 16 September 1959 Philip STLVARSON
sons Subject a copy of a manoratum dated: 24 toptaaber 1959
which ST sent to ity AMEEL. STINENSO2 is sending
ARZE. "the finished scroon treatment of Albert PALIZ's
novel, The Cross and row, under the working title
of The
. The memorandum concarna
financial areant for this under contract.
b) A letter dated 13 Septover 1959 sets forth STEVESOR's
ideas for writing a screamplay, prosumably based on La
Rosa Finca STEVETON ay go to Mexico for a few days
on 25 September to discuss the book.
6) Personal thank-you noto, dated 3 October 1959, from Janes
STEVESOR to Margaret HALTZ, following Philip STEVENSCH's
return from a vials with the Milies.
SECRET/NGFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
-7-
Woonper, premmebly prepared by Subject, prosents the
fabial arra 
herons and the Arrow and is addressed
to 
thilip S
-
e) partonal latter ECN to the Mafies is dated
7 toter 
2. with thanks, STEVENSON acknowledges
receiption 
6 tee of the material on The Cross and the
The 
writer in apoeirantly working on a story,
probly an outline of which he will
end the 
AST
-
8) Ig a letter dated 120 tot 1959 Subject writes his
coments 
and arivasins of ITEVERSON's screenplay cutline
9. Runa
HAHPORT, 501 North Pedford
M. (Al
a) In a lottor tal of Centerbar 1959 and adtressed to
14 neorať 
Zá, Laurin RFURT discusson plans for
playing 
one, a Megirl, in the home of a
Certain PATTER Yasily in California.
yaiynent HALTZ, in a personal letter dated 9 October 1959,
poknomieijoa 
remipt of the foregoing latter by thanking
Laurie for 
visiting New, N'ATTIBI. Subject's wife talla
her 
correspoistent that she (Margaret) is going to be
interviewed 
on talevision in Spanish in a couple of works.
As indicated 
in this letter, Hro. HLAIKFORT has visited
Hoxloo..
10. Correspondence with 530 R. Fuller Aveme, Ine Angeles 35,
callfouin. (Attachment N
▲ personal letter dated 24 September 1959 and signed
"Miriam is 
addressed to Subject's wife. The envelope
bears the above 
return address.
b) In an unsigned letter bearing the above return address,
dated. 2 October 
1959, the writer sake whether Subject
has received 
the Merry Go Round recoval Assigment.
(oce paragraph. 15-1)
11. Correspondence with Tr. Ada FL, Government Press Office,
Sol Aviv, Isisel.
(11)
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
.
SECRET/NOFORH
CONTE CONTROL
a) in a letter dated 22 September 1959 FURL acknowledges
relyt of two letters, dated 31 Aamint and 3 Septembar,
The writer rives backround information
meation of the State of Lornel, obviously at
g of XALTZ.
on the
5) ently in answer to a request by letter dated
ter from Subject, PU, in a letter dated
25 besteler, describes malical practices among the fruse,
written portreript the writer notes he will
Cycle hintino, as Subject requested, to PMR while
is in larsel, only however if the writer is given
mothee of 's arrival date woll in advance.
A letter dated 9 October from FRANKEL acknowledges receipt
of the cables from Dibject and encloses a summary of
semurity measures in Famagusta, Cyprus, during the Allys-
foth erä, mably as background information for Subject's
writings.
Three letters, dated 13, 15, and 19 October 1959, from
1. Adia F12:KSL provide Subnot with additional background
information and research analyses. The letter dated
13 October includes photostats of identity cards issued
in 1946, 1947, and 1943.
:
c) in a letter dated 20 October 1959 Subject poses to FRENKEL
a series of questions concerning the Pagannah leaders and
Irpun morbers. Subject indicates that "Otto" (probably
was in Nexico the provious weak, working with.
Subject on the story.. "Otto" will be arriving at the
Hotel Dan between November 15 and 18 for a five-week stay
in Israel.
view of information contained in these letters, as well as
In other pieces of correspondance noted herein, it would appear
that Subject is working on a screenplay for the movie to be.
based on Loon uus' best soller, xochis. Otto PREWER,
well-known Hollywood movie director, is scheduled to direct
the film version of Exodus.
Correspondence with Larry Edmunds Bookshop, 6558 Hollywood
Foulevard, tollywood 20, California. (Attachment 12)
A letter from the bookshop dated 23 September 1959 is
signed "Milton." Hilton sent Dr. AMAN "the Casserole
Cooking the day he received MALTZ's letter but neglected
Books for Subject have been ordered
to bill Subject.
from England.
SECRET/NGFORN
CONTINCEL CONTROL
SECRET!HOFORN
14-00000
@
M...
CONTINUED CONTROL
9 -
b). Subject's check payable to Larry Edmunda Pookshop is
onclosed in an envelope abirened to the bookshop and
postmarked 3 October 1957. Also enclosed is the latter
listed above, on which MUTZ has aided his coments,
noting that AMANN has died and that subject will mit
delivery of the books ordered.
6) Letter dated 28. October 1959, addressed to Subject's wife,
is aimed. "
Hilton.". Apparently in answer to a request
modo 
by Subjects wife, the latter lists works by CIEKNOP
which 
the book shop has in stock.
13. Correspondance with Seven Seas Fooks, Olirkastrappo 13 - 15,
forkin, 
disanny. (Attachment 13)
a) A letter dated 22 Captember 1959 and signed by Kay PARKKY
tolls subject 
that Seven Seas Publishers is sending hia
thirty 
copies of The Cross and the Arrow in care of
Larry Edmunds Fookshop in Hollywood.
b) Letter from Seven Seas Books, dated 5 October 1959, is
signed "
Certrude" (Gertrude GEIDEN, chief editor).
Gertrude has been and continues to be in poor health.
She 
writes about what appears to be sales figures for a
particular publication, perhaps one of Subject's bocks.
14. Correspondence with Dilis, Carchoslovak Theatrical and Literary
Aroney, che, 
recta. (Attachment. In)
a) Letter from Dilia, dated 21 September 1959, is signed by
Dr. Vojtech 
ST Subject is requestal to send another
ck Pit for the Slovak translation.
copy of his play
by "Barman."
copies of a
-
b) Latter from Dilia, dated 29 September 1959, is sirned
The writer acknowledges receipt of signed
present for the Czech edition of The Cross
and to An. The last paragraph of the letter concerns
storica 
by one Ar. FORTS, Penitenciaria 469-8, Quadalajara
Jalisco, which 
Dilla has forwarded to publishers for
consideration.
& lettera illa dated October 1959 informs Subject
that an 
advance on the Crech edition of The Journey of
Elson 
Rekeurer, to be published by the State Publishing
Tease of 
Political Literature of Prague, has beam trans-
ferred 
to Subject's account with the Banco Nacional
Maarioo.
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINGED CONTROL
:
14-00000
SECRET/NOFORN
ONTINUED CONTROL
- 10
15. Corresonance me to fubjent at Yarto 11, San Angel,
a) letter from Kindler Vorler, Lucile-Grahn-Strasse 37, Munich
8, Germany, dated 15 September 1959 and signed by Dr. P. J.
RABATZ. Rakowlodres receipt of a letter dated.
22 Airuet from Subjont. The writer has obtained a copy
of The Cross and the row and will informe MALIZ should
he is to be a most Gorman edition.
b) In a letter dated 17 September 1959 from Ingo PREPONDER,
of singer/Stuart Agency, Dro., 8462 Doulevard, Hollywood
36
, 
California, the writer discusses financing arrangements
for a 
fila prolaction.
。) Letter from Adrina SCOTT, 13341 Wyandotto St., Van Muys,
California, dated 22 September 1957, in which the writer
encloses a check, simiod by Robert A. Scott for 350 dollars,
for 
paymwit on loan HALPZ made to the writer, apparently
several 
muro na.
d) Letter from an arvorts, 22. East 17th Street, New York ),
11.Y., dated 
1/5 and aimed by Morris U. CCHAPPES,
editor. The 
writer acknowlodres receipt of a contribution
Subjust 
had wide while alroad. The editor suggests Subject
might write for publication in Jewish Currents an article
or travel letter about any one of the countries he visited
recently.
:
6) Letter from Selenge & Society, 30 East 20th Street, New
York 3, Y., dated 28 September 1959 and signed by T. E.
81.70, recretary. wolish press cuttings will be held
until the return of seney HUS, who will be abroad until
the 
middle of November.
Lotter from Fr. Harold LVRIE, Room 1324 Karl Keyor Hall,
Cook County Vestial, Chisago 12, Illinois, dated 1 October
1959. The writer as referance to A Long Lay in a Short
1460 and 11n 
devey of Siam Mcreyes and Burgeste
Babject 
rejon my visit Cock County bapital in Chicago,
a place filled with "manist literature."
g) Circular from the Comittee to Secure Justice for Morton
2,940 rundey, New York 10, K.Y., postmarked 7 October
1959 and entitled Frodo for Horton Sohell, Hoxt
Stops in our įrena.
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
SECRETINOFORN
CONTINUES CONTROL
11-
^) Lotter fra K, Don-lonen Youth-Fillage, Hear
Lad, Israel, dated 7 Cotter 
1957. The writer thanks.
Bubject for his books and 
offers help in supplying material
Subject #ay with for his "book about 
Israel." STAIL
describes his work among 
the children, adding that he will
Leave Fon-Hagen during the summer 
of 1960 to explete his
studies in the field of education 
for a year or two in
either England or the United 
States.
(1) Letter from the legal department of Universal Pictures
Compnry, Inc., Universal City
, California, dated 12 October
1959 and rimed by Joseph S. DUBIN
, chief studio counsel.
Exceed with the letter is 
an Assirmant, giving exclusive
motion picture rights for Herry Go 
Round, a play written
by Subject (under pecudy 
of top) and Coorge
Sr., to universal Pictures. Sint 
is an Mexico,
the writer requests that the 
enclosed sigut be exouted
by Subject Nefore a consular 
officer of notary of the
Amerioen Axhusay.
Lalia of clit marty 21-5739
1) Another letter from Universal Pictures, dated 23 October
1959, encloses a second copy of 
the foregoing Assignment,
to be executed in New York.
k) Althurh Carille (Prs. Jean) PRIS, of 4. Francis Averno,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, writes on 
13 October 1959 abe
would be happy to translate 
one of Subject's novels, she
Rust first be certain a publisher 
wants it. She does not
want to repeat the unfortunate 
experience of Pleck it,
which she had translated into 
French only to find no one
would produce it. The writer 
currests that Subject send
his "three books" to Miss Monique 
RATIUN, les Editions
du Seuil, 27 rue Jacob, Paris 
6, a house "open to
propressive ideas." Kra. 
PARIS is planning a trip to
Muxico either in auring or 
later on."
1) Personal letter dated 16 October 1959 from Alvah BASSIE,
6437 A Goary Boulevard, San 
Francisco 21, California.
n) Lotter dated 18 October 175) from Lawrence LYKTCH, 3470
Cannon Place, New York 63, N.Y. 
The writer, an adairer
of Subject's books, was 
recently graduated from the
Kanhattan School of 
unio. larks Subject to consider
writing the brutto for an 
opera LITON plans to compose
en Uhole Tom's Cabin.
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
-13 -
a) Foto dated 15 Goteber 1909 from Eberhard MUNDO (FRUENTO),
Flor. 34, Tepsip N 22, deals with a contract
and a letter grad 24 September which had boen erroneously
gent through ordinary." [500 18 d, below]
-
16. Combisco donned to Fibject's wife, Margret Larkin
May at the
(Attachment y
(a) letier dated
September 19:59 from Morris, 119
No versand rive, ungoles 35, California. The writer
ths but ife for a contribution she had made to
no comity of Much As chairman. GOODMAR..
has given a false on Pahalf of Fre. KALIZ to Frank WILKINSON.
b) festor with no return address, dated 28 September 1959 and
signed Charla." The weiter mentions a book which be
hods will be east of West Berlin" and notes his
re; ret over the death of be. AMANN. After expressing
dioratisfaction over Ne prosent job, apparently with some
merring in Hey York City which also employs one Phil
O, the teras, Nevertheless, the KRISICILY
vinit neon up for almost everything, and so on this bright
note, I'll sign off." The writer, in a postscript, anks
that his name not to put on the envelope, "just Fini's,
she knows it's for me.".
c) Personal letter from Clarice CHAPMAN, 7728 Kraft Avo.;
North Hollywood, California, dated 28 September 1957.
6) Lotter dated 4 October 1959 from Ray SPRCH, 6917 Pacifio
View Drive, Hollywood 20, California. The writer tanks
Subjrot's wife for oven Ses which he and Holan
enjoyed realing while in Valle" ossibly Valle del Travo,
Noxion. He is suddened by the death of Ernesto []
and souls the postscripts" "Mr. K. was absolutely sensational...
There is a definite change of atmosphere for the better,
wo boliavo.".
Latter from Barthold Ples, Literary Amant, 507 Birth Avenue,
New York 17, Now York, dated 6 October 1953 and signed
"Part." The writer is flying to Germany on 6 October and
will ask Gollanos Vistor Gollancs Ltd., Londor] "fo
your statement when I come to England." Before returning
to the United States in three weeks, the writer also intends
to see Gertrude US and Stefan HEM in Berlin.
SECRET/HOFORN
CONTINGED CONTROL
201-5239
14-00000
See WOFORN
CTANCE CONTROL
27. Correl
ed to Mr. and Albert MALTI.
a) letturated 23 September 1959 from Ethel ELLIS, 36 W.
Eith St, York 24, New York. The writer thanks
then for a gift, apparently money, to halp "Tred*
> nursing expenses. "Fred" is recovering
flynia.
2) tamar-end-butter intter, postmarket 16 September 1959
i, alifumia, is signed "Francos." In the lotter
writes that "Tornio" will take Kommoth Mack's
Jobst retro after the first of the year, under a three-year
eentreet.
:
Tether from Jane Farth 10W, 11190 Laurel Crest Drive,
Studio City, California, dated 27 September 1959. The
vulter alsousses plans to visit Mexico, where she expecta
to arrive between mid-November and Christmas.
4) vale bearing return address of Jane Nooris, 56 Seventh
Ave., New Yort 11, New York, postmarked 6 October 1959,
forwards an invitation and request for contribution to a
birtastay purse honering the 05th birthday of A. A. HALLER
York.
a) a note postarted 21 October 1959 Jane RM9 and A. A.
[] thank the MALTs for their "donation," undoubtedly
to the birthday purse listed above.
f) Persmal letter dated 24 October 1959 from Hax and Helm
SHAFROCK, 149-09 Rulay Street, Rosedale 22, New York.
18. Letters from Albert MARE. (Attachment 13)
): In a letter dated 23 September 1959 to Fr. John M. Calder,
Ressrs. John Calder, Ltd., 17-Sackville Street, Piccadilly.
London W. 1, England, Subject orders twenty-five copies of
the chomp edition of A Long Day in a Short Life.
Fill and check sent to Copley's, Mpo Purveyors and Smokery,
Supplies, 5109 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles 36, California.
(c) Letter dated 9 October 1959 is addressed to Mr. Harry
Bier ACES, 3109 Kost Pacific Coast Highway, FED 2,
Malibu, California. Subject thanks Yr. BARNES for a letter
ho had written on 10 April, in which BARNES praised: Subject's
book and suppested be send a copy of it to floward GILL.
Subject, in addition, describes in investigation ho hod
made of the Crech
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
1
14-00000
CONTINGED CONTROL
d) in envelope addressed to Dr. Eberhard PRUNING, Englisches
Institut-Der Universitat Leipzig, Universitatatr. 3-5,
Heipsip, C1, ancloson a document in the Corman language.
The document concerns an anandment to a publishers' a£TOQ=
ment, dated 15 May 1957, between Ausben-Verlag, a publishing
house in Perlin, and Albert MALTZ, for the printing of
three of Subject's works. [see 15-a, above
CSCI-1/757,639
Attachments: 18 (as described above)
WH/3/Mexico/abd.com
Distribution:
Orig. & 1
- Address001
11-RI (201-5239).
1 - CI/LIA
1 - CI/REA
1 - CI/SI
1 - WH/3/Mexico
1 - WH/R
1 - WH/Hold
2 December 1959
BASED ON IPA-13705 (11 Sept 59)
RT-13790 (25 Sept 59)
PROJECT:
IBNA-1386 (2 Oct 59)
IIMA-13892 (9 Oct 59)
IMMA-13909 (9 Oct 59)
HGA-13957 (23 Oct
HMMA-14064 (13 Nov
. LIBIGHT
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
201-5239

14-00000
301-138561
SECRET
CSC) - 3757704
fodic
EVENT CROFILM SERVICE
| MICROFILAND: 2 TUM
MEHUDEN FORS Director
Telgen Duromu of Investiration
Attention: 2. 3. J. Fantas
DEC 1359
A MasCol
SUTVECT
Matrice Bran
Surface - W
DUDÍ
Durven File kuber 6-14303.
1. It has to ar attention through a sonitive source
of 
known reliablity that 
burico lynný HNETARY, who is residing.
In Hoooow, MA, is kawn to the 
folling inlivinles
Bonjanin FACTOR, and wilo, "Fraklis"; FASTOV
2. It is believed that Bonfard FASTC7 in commnetel with the.
Colonial 
Brush hihoturing 
Co, Inch at 1/0 Washing
ton Street North, Hooton, K, RID/CE TRACE REPLY AT 1159
3. Dis one has no information identifiable with other
Bonjanin 
or Freddie" FAST 
V. He would appreciate being famished
any pertinent internation on the 
FAIRS that may be contained in
your files.
AUR TVIS DISPUTY DIAR (PINK) a
61-3/757,704
Pineda Janos Angleton
SALES AND LETOR
Distributions
Orig. &1- Aldronsce
1 - C/CI
2-1/3
- RID (201-17561)
CI/AD
CILIA
- CIRA
CI/3ID Algerterte (3 December 1950)
INDEX
ES COPY
SEADET
4icicol
100-2-02.
4D 59
201-12852)
14-00000
S-B-C-R-E-T
Attached copy of letter taken from 100-A-13957 dated 23 Oct 59 (has been CSCI'd to
source:
LIBIGHT/LIMUD
Attachment gives address of HLPERIN as
Kutuzovsky Prospect, 13
Apt. 127
Moscow G-248
FBI).
Letter dated 26 Sep 59 and addressato Albert and Margaret MALTZ in Mexico.
Note:
re first para of latter, LIBIGHT/LIUD has not shown that any clippings
carlier
or pictures were enclosed in/correspondence to HALPERIN
LOMAYTOWL
26 Sep 59
201-128561
14-00000
4
14779
4%
Deer Pargaret and bort,
Piret te wo point out that your letter of Sept. 15
Delivered pesterday) was so pics. The diarry double
protese. So what happens! error ;ilferage? Seoul
to know
an' of course, get the ore' or tapliecte sets of pise for the
Rispoilage. Asc. DICTAN: The event entirely correctly
Act. 1 nstest of 127, understandable slip).
Fase nate
simplified correct area
(equired).
And now to telo and I were very many to get your.
Netter-start and expect Albert knitting
my at the water and booties. To all want to hear the big
Great
place. Again, our beet was to Pater and expoent
I can't get too a slips. Harg, full mood abssé.
A tiny reminder the date on each elis. please. Your score of
respect to chase of lige is very high I'd say about 95% of that fad
send of top interest. Anafteriught that troubles we've
reckoned
the postage and it's running nighty high.
Albayre the materiale. The 1957 Survey
has not yet arrived, but let you know. And I shall so on she lost-out
for 1958.
Stil
So much appreciate the Novedados por sale.
fostered by ale south. I had such a sticulating conversation
with Al Pers last for ruary, and we were to contes so his best visit.
Little by little, 're getting better organised. To are due.
a telaphose shortly, which will improve living effishery URLY,
Norstall bave fail to roots, as ass!
mood to lall you what that will mean, w
'
aheed at the pere of the moon rockets, we're not standing still either.
setzer day-beforon
yesterday. Dit toon department that to on the level of merosotry
no far as quality is concerns, evenver had to god before....
friends.
Patch you'll give our very best regards to all our prod
tute abrass free th
miness matter of care asked you to
edition of
Rozanova-still has by 0977 of the book.
P.S. Axy now about 11:
head of Ang about
1 sciê
informais it de
14-00000
14.
ANALYST
SECRET
برند
بر این جا
max
(Don Filted to:
DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE'
SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
2.
RI FILE NO.
DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION
3. DISPATCH OR SOURCE DOC. SYMBOL NO. 4. DATE
7. SCURCE CRYPTONYM DATE OF INFO. ". EVALUATION
6. DATE PROCESSED'
TO. DISSEMINATED IN
DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
12.
CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE
13 TRANSFERRED TO
1 FILE NO.
PERTINENT INFORMATION
HALPERIN, EDITH
: DOB?
CIT ?
DATE
201-000066
HMMA-13175
PS FR
19 JUN 59
201-128561
MOTHER OF DAVID HALPERIN.
SUBJ AND HER
HUSBAND ARE NOW LIVING IN USSR
CONTACT OF INSTEREST OF THE SEBORERS.
CORRECTION CARD
FORMERLY 201-66459
*
19 Jun 59
201/128/561
(7-46)
9.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
FORM
-57
867PTION COITIONS.
SECRET
14-00000
SEXPELNOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
AMAZ 9122
Memo No. 112/P
17 June 1959
MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD
SUBJECT:
REP
Moscow Addresses Found in Pocket Hotebook of
Anna Sparer SEBORER (201-66549#.)
ONHA-15692, 10 April 1959
1.
The following Moscow addresses were found in the pocket notebook
of Anna Sparer SKBORER; photocopies of Subject's effects were made on
8 April 1959 and were transmitted to headquarters under reference.
8. Prof. Maurice HALFERIN
Eutubovakly Prospekt 13
House, Apt 127
Moscow 0-248
b. R. KATZIN
c.
Furmannyy Pareulok
House 24, Apt. 21
Moscow Tel. No. K 7-2663.
Ana TELEPHEVA.
Maslovka Verkhn. ulitsa 7
Apt. 53
Moscov
(Enrique de los RIOS)
A flagging request on the above individuals has been placed with SR/6/POS
for mail coverage, with the understanding the undersigned will be notified
of any letter intercepts.
201-103561
The last known residence of Maurice HALFERIN (201-185053") and his
vife was Czechoslovakia. MEXI 3532 (IN 34979), 21 March 1959, Bource:
LIVEAT, reports that "on 18 March Anna told Mrs. Albert MALTZ that she had
written 
Hrs. Naurice HALPERIN telling her not to bother answering but 'just
to leave 
the information for me.' MALTZ had heard from HALPERIN and had
'the address
' for Anna.' 
- 
This would indicate that Anna BEBORER planned to
get in touch with the HALFERIE's on her recent visit to Ebscov, 24 March -
8 April 
1959.
3. There is no identifiable trace on R. KATZIN.
CONTEND CONTROL
17 Jun 59
201-1285K)
14-00000
P
SUCRET/MOTORN
CONTAREDI CONTROL
มด
XAAZ 912
4. Enrique de los RIOS may be identical with Enrique de los RÏOS
Lavin 
(201--109936) of the ALTO Case
. E-12013, 28 January 1959,
Source: LIFEAT, reports that de 
los RIOS "was apparently recently in the
USSR.
"
5. For a possible truce on Ana TELEPHEVA see OSNA-6782, 21 May 1957.
which 
refers to a Miss A. TELEPHEVA, 
resident of Hoscow who had written to
a Spanish repatriate, one Juan DIES
. According to SE/5 a copy of this
letter intercept was forwarded 
to 88/6. An attempt is currently being made
to find this letter.
Distribution:
CI/SID
1
XXNX SR/CE/P
1-201-66549
(Anna Sparar SEBORER)
✓ 201-185053 (Maurice HALPERIN)
GERALDINE GARRITY
SR/CR/P
SECRET /NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
17 and 5
201-12-856/
14-00000
14.
ABALYST
SECRET
(Then Pilled In}
DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE
SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
.. DATE PROCESSED
DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION
2.
RI FILE NO.
3. DISPATCH OR SOURCE DOC. SYMBOL NO.
4.
DATE
7. SOURCE CRYPTONYMS. DATE OF INFO. 8. EVALUATION
10. DISSEMINATED IN
DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
12. CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE.
13. TRANSFERRED TO
A1 FILE NO.
PERTINENT INFORMATION
"1. DATE
PAEK
HALPERIN, MAURICE
DOB ?
201-005239
HMMA-12965
PARR
29 MAY 59
CIT ?
201-128561*
CONTACT OF MARGARET MALTZ AND ROBERT
ROGERS, 
'59.
15.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
700m
+37
867 *****…………… II,
SECRET
24 msy 59
201128
521
17.481
14-00000
'
BOM DRECTOR
JONE.
A1 5
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
YOUNG
CL, CI/OPS, 01/10, CI/SID, FI,
FRAN, ESLH
1980
LOINEROVÝ/DANCE /cam sà
KEPTIK 20532 (WT 90668) (OST FAR,
(24-5239)
. ملكان
ROUTINE
PEORITY
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
12 42:59
SUCT
DOTALS
OUT 99327
CITE DIE
24353
24356
2. ALBERT FALTA, WRITER AND HEADER AND CUST GROUP MEXICO WITY,
ON TOUR OF SUGOPS WITH WIFE TRAVELLINO AND IRON STAIN AND MAY CONTACT ALFRED
KAUSLAN STREET AND HIS WIFE MARTHA DODD STERY AND MATRICS AND EDITH VALPERIN AMERICAN
CONCES WHO FLED EXHIND IRON CURTAIN DURING PAST TWO YEARS.
2. SUBJECTS ARRIVE ROMS 3 MAY 1430 HS PRAT YEL AV ", THA FET 741. LY FOR
FRAM MAY 1630 PRS ITALIAN AIRLINES FLP 416. ARRIVE FRAN 2115 HRS, LY FOR BRIN
4 MAY 1350 HRS, FRITISH HUROPEAN OIRRALTAR AIRLINES FLT 57. ARRIVE SURLIN 1510
BALN-TO. PRAGES 19 HAY POSSIBLY VIA RUSSIA JET LINE.
می گه
3. IP POSSIBLE AND FEASIBLE, ROUEST LIAISON CONDUCT BAGGAGE SEARCH AND
EXT SURVEILLANCE.
1. HALTZ BORN 28 DEC 1908 WWW.IN 1954 DSSCHLIED AS FOLLOWS: FIVE
FIRST SIX ONE HALF INCHES TALL, METUHP 155, STUCKY, BLACK HAIR, GREY KYES, DARK
COMPLEXION.
1/3/m.x
30 apr 59
FILE IN 201-128 561
ORIGINAL FILED EN
2864O OFFICER
INATING ORDICERS
35CR2R
ADIMENTICATING
Capy Na
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
14-00000
DIRECTOR
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
SECKA ?
PAGR
INFO
THO
5. BOMB: BOTE ITINERARY CHANGE FROM REF.
FID OF MESSAGE
DEFERRED
ROUTIN!
M7:02:1
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
CITE DIR
FOURING
OUT 99321
DIR 24356
HD Comment: Stated MALTZ would be in ROHR 4 days. Requested ba; aga search and
mrveillance.
COMB
LEASING OFFICIN
88/17/AR. DUMBOCITY (RY PLORE).
WE/ITALY
SR/CS/PAR. POTOCKI (BY PRONE)
SQOODINATING OFFI
8.B.CRBP
jesing
AUTHENTICATING DIFichi
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy Mia.
14-00000
ORA-15692, 10 Apr 59; SYMPATHIZER/LCNAYFOWL; Anna SÆBORER
transmittal of photocopies of passport, pocket notebook, letters,
photographs, etc.
The notebook belonging to Anna Sparer SEBORER was photographed as of
8 April 1959 and contained the following address:·
Prof. Maurice Halperin
Autuzovsky Prospect 13
House Apt 127
Moscow G-248
10 Apt 5-9
30-1285'd

14-00000
ORIG
UNIT 1
EXP '
DATE.
7.A. UNDE
1:80
2555
201-1.2856-SIFIED MESSAGE
6 ATM 1949
SECRET
ΤΟ
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THE RAGUS, ROS
FROM,
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No Hard late. Destras.
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PETIALS
PRIORITY
INITIALS
CI, 61/983, 61/10, 1/50, 1, yes, or 4, WC 4,
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
TO
RAGU, ROME Miy
INFO
NEXI
LCD ROVE
CITE DIR
20782
25
20532
1. ALBERT MALTZ, WRITER AND MEMBER OF AMERICAN COMUNIST GROUP MEXICO
CITY, ON TOUR OF EUROPE WITH WIFR TRAVELLS BEHIND IRON CURTAIN AND MAY CONTACT
ALFRED KAURIAN STAND AND HIS WIFE MARTHA DODD STERN IDAURICE AND EDITH
·*.
HALPERING AHERICAN COMMIES WHO FLED BEHIND IRON CURTAIN DURING PAST T40 YEARS.
2. DEPARTING MONTREAL FOR MASTERDAM 15 APRIL AND WILL REMAIN UNTIL 20 APRIL.
3. ON 3 MAY WILL ARRIVS ROME PROM TEL AVIV AND REMAIN UNTIL 7 KAY.
4. IF rosTURE AND FEASIBLE, RETOST LIAISON CONDUCT BAGGAGE SEARCH AND
SURVEILLANCE.
5. FALTZ PORN 28 DEC 1908 NEW IN 1954 DESCRIBED AS FOLLOWS:
FIVE FEET 31X ONE HALF INCHES TALL, WEIGHT 155, STOCKY, BLACK HAIR, GRAY EYES,
DARK COMILEXION.
COORDINATION:
END OF MESSAGE ROUTING INITIAL
WE/2 Dt
CI/SCV/SAT_
R/COVCE FR. KNOWLES (BY PHONE)
01///BI. PRICE)
SECRET
RI/AN 26
RI/TY
fill.
DESTROY
RUFKING, COND
AUTHEN
1
REPRODUCTION BY QIHAN SHE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy No.
7 apr 59.
201-128561
n
JCAB
.RELEASINO OFFICED
FORM 1389 a
14-00000
ANALYST
SECRET
Them Fitted ins
DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE
SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
12.
CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE
14 HALPEDIR
DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION
ཡ--་
RE FILE NO.
1. DISPATCR OR SOURCE DOC. SYMBOL NO.
". DATE
2. SOURCE CRYPTONYM DATE OF INFO. 9. EVALUATION
.. DATE PROCESSED
10. DESEMINATED IN
11. DATE
DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
13. TRANSFERRID
AI FILE NO.
TO
PERTINENT
MINENT INFORMATION
HALPERIN, MAURICE
DQB ?
CIT USA
201-128561*
AMERICAN COMMIE.
201-005239
DIR -20532
06 APR 59
MAY BE CONTACTED BY ALBERT MALTZ /201-
5239/ WHO IS ON TOUR OF EUROPE WITH WIFE
AND TRAVELLING BEHIND IRON CURTAIN.
PCFR
PCFR
659
15.
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
D
201
128 561
FORM
9-17
867VIOUS 'COPTION1.
SECRET
(7-46)
14-00000
MEXI 3532 (IN 34979), 21 MARCH 1959
On 18 March 1959, Anna Sparer SEBORER told Mrs. Albert MALTZ that
she had written Mrs. Maurice HALPERIN telling her not to bother answering
but "just to leave the information for me."
and had "the address" for Anna. SOURCE:
ODENVY dissen.
" MALTZ had heard from HALFERIN
LIFEAT (B), 23 Feb to 18 Mar.
21 Mar 59
201-128561.
14-00000
L
UNCLASSIFIED
INTERNAL
ANLY
SUBJECT: (Ophonal)
CONERTIAL
☐ SECRET
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
FROM:
WH/R
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)
1.
WH/CRO
WH/3/Mexico/PNelson
3.
C/WH/B/Mexic
4.
for C/WH/3
3.
7.
8.
9.
WH/CE/Sims
CI/Brown
CI/LIA
DATE
OFFICER'S
INITIALS
RECEIVED
PURWARDED
193
83
22 Jan. 224185
27 JAN 1959
NO
CSCI-3/753,48
DATE 28
JAN 1959
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line 
across column after each comment.)
HALPERIN; Marnice Nymen
B thermofax copy
дун
attached for your
SID
retention-p
10.
11.
RIDIAN
12.
13.
.14..
15.
FORM
_ DEC 36
RID/TY
RID/FI
610 USE PREVIOUS
EDITIONS
WH/3/mx
£114. 
B.H.
Ст
D.D.
28 JAN 1959.
2014128
+128/561
ABSTRACT | INDEX
DATE
INTERNAL
USE ONLY
UNCLASSIFIED
1. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1954 0-476712
SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
:
14-00000
SECRET NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
80:
FROM:
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attention: Mr. S. J. Papiad
Deputy Director, Plans
SUBJECT: Maurico Hyman HALFER IN
1. Reference is made to our teletyped rossage of 24 Novembar
1958 and to previous correspondance embarring Subject's travel
with his wife from Mexico, through western Europe, to Prague,
Czechoslovakia.
2. Enclosed for your information is a copy of a report, from
an official Swiss source, of Subject's notivities in Switzerland
from 15 October 1958 to 10 November. Also enclosed are photocopios
of letters from Subject and his wife to cambers of the family in
the United States.
3. The David EFRON mentioned in both the official Sudos report
and Subject's letters was described by a usually reliable soured on
18 August 1947 as an Argentine ottison who was a Commmmist Party
member of long standing; under cover of his International Labor
Organization (110) assignants EPRCH was touring Latin America to
assess the Communist position and strength within the labor frame-
work of each ecuntry visited. Another usually reliable sourve
reported in February 1951 that EFRON had been a specialist in Latin
American affairs for the ILO until the fall of 1947, and that ha
had been repeatedly reported as a Communist and closely associated
with Vicente LOBARDO Toledano, prosident of the Confedorasion de los
Trabajadores do Amorica Latina (CIAL) and secretary-general of the
Partido Popular (FP - Merdist Party of Nexico). A David EPROM,
mentioned in your reports of 23 June 1952 and 21 Jamiary 1952,
appears to be identical idth EIRES.
4. This information is from a usually reliable and highly
sensitive source and should not be disseminated further.
CSCI-3/753,048
Enclosures
1
-
Report
-
Photocopies of letters
CLORET
NOPER CONTINUED CONTROL
201-128561
14-00000
SECRET
NOFO
CONTINUED CONTROL
Regrvalisim
MF/3/P. G. Nelson las
Distribution:
Orig. and 1
-
ZAZ
Addressee
IRI /att.
1 CI/R&A
1 -
CI/ICD
1 - ROM/RE
I
-
CI/CIA
1 WH/3/MEX
WH/3/1EX/Subject
1
-
Based on s
ESBA-7838
ESBA-7766
TPL-137 (Aug '47)
HSEW-2697 (Feb '51)
Project Cryptonym: INANITION
14 January 1959
CI/SID
SEORET
NUFORT
CONTINUED CONTROL
$4-00000
ET
CONTINUED CONTRUL
Attachment to CSC1-3/753,048
As a supplement to bits of information hitherto orally transaltted here
is a summarized account an the movements and activities of
HALEXIN Maurice, alias PASTOR Facial,
barn 3.3.1906, IS citizen, economist,
married to Edith; domicile Nedellin 36-?,
Maxico 7, D.F.
during his sojourn in Suitserland from 9 October to 10 November 1958:
On 15 October subject and his wife arrived by air from LISBON
at the Hotel "Schweizerhof in ZIRICH. On 15 October he and his wife
took the 1320 H. train to CENEVA, where they stayed at the Hotel
"Berning". On 19 October, 1700 1900 E., he visited
-
APRON David, born 1.9.1904, citizen of ARGENTINE,
Consellor with the ILO in GA, domiciled
Avenue Andre Gide 2, CHEAR-500HRIES/GENEVA.
On 20 October at GENEVA he inquired at a local travel agency for the
possibilities of a flight from ZIRICH to PRAGUE. On that day the
HALFERIN's travaled by train (leaving CNA at 1245 ) to ZURICH,
where they occupied a room at the "Sahusiserhofs again. At 1830 H.
subject visited the information office of the Zurich sain station to
learn about train connections for RAGE and for LUGANO. Oi 21 October,
in answer to a telephone call, he visited the Czech Consulate General
in ZIRICH, where he stayed from 0940 - 1115 H. At 1630 H. he want to
consult the "Swissair" information desk at the main station. He stated
that he possessed a flight-ticket Mexico-Lisban-Zurich-Tel-Aviv, but
had no definite booking so far and wanted his luggage to be stored at
Motan airport for the time being. He then mailed letters to
1) Mr. David C. HALF-RIN, 5411 South University Ave., CHICAGO/ 11.;
2
) 
Mr. Theodore HALFERIN & family, 22, Kahler Ave., MILTON/ Mass.;
3) Rabbi & Mrs. Hillel CAMORAN, 4 do Kalb Flace, NORRISTOWN/ New Jersey;
4
) 
Mrs. Annio FRISCH, 17 Beach Road, LYK Massachusettes;
<
Lottera 1-3 are of similar contents. Festestat copies of lir.
are attached.
At 1930 H. be inquired at the "Suissair" office for any communi-
oation that may have come in for hin.
On 22 October Subject negotiated with the KLM airtravel office
for cancelling of his 2 flight tickets to Tel-Aviv and refunding.
On 23 Cctober at 0925 B. he inquired at the information office
of the Federal Railways about train connections to FARIS and fares.
At 1025 . he entered the Czech Consulate General, but reappeared in
the street 3 minutes later.
SEOSET Nor...
CELINUED CONTROL
14-00000
SLOMET
NOFORN CONTINUED CONTROL
As of 23 Catober HALFPIN had made three telephone calls: and to
GERJUR, Arleshein/insel, Parasenstr. 14, on to Carlo IELI A.G.,
Zurich, home in Fuesnacht; and one to SCD, Zurich. All of the above
are either timber and lumber importers or dealers.
i
On 24 October the couple visited the Czech Consulate General at
1025 H. where they remained for 25 minutes. At 1110 H. they went to
the smok bar of the Zurich University. HALMRIN then visited for 30
mimites the Seminary for social economics, comercial sciences and
statistics. At 1515 H. HALFYRIN wont to a travel agency to éɛsh a
aheque of 50 %.
On 25 October HALFRIN inquired for trains departing for LIIGARO
and obtained various prospectus of this town. From 1025 - 1055 . the
couple called at the Czech Consulate General. On the uny back they
changed 200 ; at 1311.H. they left by train for LUGANO.
Up to this date the couple had not received any visitors and as
far as could be ascertained had no suspicious telephone calls while
staying in ZURICH. They ostensibly endeavored to cut down expenses
to a minimum, taking meals, in cheap restaurants or buying food to be
eaten in their room at the hotel. The luggage deposited at Goten air-
port van discreetly searchod. The personal belongings were of rather
poor quality. A list showed that they had sold furniture and house-
hold goods prior to their departure from Mexico. Amongst various
articles there were also two pocket editions of dictionnaries in Chinese
and Russian. All this and their demeanour seemed to indicate that the
couple plan to settle definitely in the Fast,
At 1625 II. of 25 October the couple arrived at LUGANO, where they
rented a room at the hotal garni "LUX" for 3 or 4 daYB.
En 26 October they went on an excursion to the Monte Bre. At 1730
11. of that day HALFFRIN inquired at the main post office for the telephone
rusbar of a certain Alfred STERN in MAGUS. No such extension was found
in the directory, however.
On 27 October they made an outing to Cassarate and Campione and
back to LUGANO.
On 28 October HALFERIR again vent to the telephone exchange at
0915 H. where he asked to be connected with lexcro FEMA in PRAGUE, Mr.
67856.
The partner in PRAGUE, being absent, the call was postponed to
the afternoon; it went through at 1640 E. and a certain HC. STEIN
ansuared the call on the number intinted. HALMRIN talked in Spanish,
announcing himself as Professor Maurizio HALFERIN from Hexico. Ha
explained that he was a friend of LOUBARDS, with whom they (the partners
on the phone) had accidentally not last year at the shop of Ar. Benta
ARENARES. At present he (HALARD) was staying in LUGANO and waiting
for the visa to go to PRAGUE. There he would like to find his American
friends, the STERN family, whom his partner should also know. He then
wanted to know when LOBINDO vould arrive in PRAGUES from MEXICO.
SLZET
-2-
NOFUM CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
S
(probable identities:
NOTORN
CONTACED CONTROL
A Lazaro! Trade Union Secretary of CUM: vice-president
of Cuban C.P. & member Exportive Cousail of WFC.
LOMBARDO, Vincento, b. 16.7.15%,can citizen, dan.
Nexico-City, Artists, villa Obregon 51;
Trade imion leader; member of WFC; member of presidium
DI, ASTMARKS, Berta: no record.)
On 2? October the HALFERIN's left UTA at 004 E. by train
for ZURICH. During their sojourn at LUC no contacts of the couple
with strangers were made; they went for walks at random in town ar
in the vicinity, bought papers and periodicals by the desan, but did
not receive any mail or telephone calls.
At 1253 H. of 29 October they arrived in ICH, sent to the
Hotel "Schweizerhof" and later to the Cuech Consulate General. At 1550 H.
subject inquired at the IL airline scency about refunding for the
tickets to Tel-Aviv, but the agency bad not ressived directions from
Amsterdam yet.
On 30 October the couple again went to the Czech Consulate General
at 1035 H. and remained there for 75 xinutes. At 1215 H. HALFERIN
inquired at the Kuoni Travel Agency about tourist vians to Prague and
was given the necessary forms to fill in. bese be returned to the
agency at 1410 B. together with the passports. At 1715 H. he mailed
two 
letters to
Mr. David C. HALPERIN, 5411 South University Ave., CHICAGO/ III.
Rabbi & Mrs. 
Hillel CANTRAN, 4 de Falb Flee, PRISTOUR/N. J.
Matestat copias (numbarod 5 & 6) of the contents are attached.
On 31 October the HALFR.IN's noved from Rotel "Sameisarbof"
to. the cheaper hotel "Limathof". On this day they finally received
the requested 
refund by the NLM airling's office.
-
Monday, 10 November the requested tourist visas vare issued to
the HALPERIN's, valid for. 6 days and including Hotal reservations for
5 days at 
Sv.Pra. 23. par person. Thay inmediately departed by train
and left 
Suitsurland via Buchs/rall at 1:24 5. for Austria, travaling
on 2nd. class 
tickets ZURICH-FRAGUE return.
In the period of 31 October to 10 November the couple did not
make or receive any talephone calls and bed no visitors, par did they
call on anybody
.
19 November 1958.
-3-
24 J757
SECRETI
NOPA
COME CONTROL 201-128561
14-00000
☐ UNCLASSIFIED
ERNAL
ONLY
+
SUBJECT: (Optional)
FROM:
PH/3.
TO: Officer designation, room number, and
building)
1.
2.
RH/3/P,Nelson
3.
WH/CA
4.
5.
6.
WH/FI/Sims
7.
/Brown
8.
CI/Liaison 1028 J
9.
10.
RIDIAN
11..
12.
13.
14.
15.
FORM
1: DEC 36
RID/TY
RIDI
610
CONTI NTIAL
SECRET
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
NO.
DATE
CSCI-3/752,786
DATE
RECEIVED
FORWARDED
6
OFFICER:S
INITIALS
uir
dan se
COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across column after each common.)
7 Jan. 7/1085
12 JAN 1959
5
dec
D&D
14 JAN 1959
ABSTRACT
DEX
DATE
USE PREVIOUS
SECRET
CONFIDENTIAL
INTERNAL
USE ONLY
UNCLASSIFIED

00000
SECRET HOFORM
CONTROLD CONTROL
TUS
FRUMS
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attentions Mr. S.J. Papich.
Deputy Director, Plans
SUBJECT: Maurice Hyman HALPERIN
3. Reference is made to our CSCI-3/752,585, dated
16 December 1958, and to other correspondenco concorn-
ing Subject, an American Communist who was living in
Maxico, but who is, with his wife, now in Prague,
Caochoslovakia.
2. Enclosed for your information aro photocopies
of the following correspondence sent to him at his
homos Mdallin $36, Apartment 9, Mexico, D.F.1
B. Lotter, dated 5 August 1958, from
Maurice H. SAVAL, of tho. Maurice H.
SAVAL Insurance Company, 22 Batterymarch
Street, Boston 9, Massachusetts, in
which SAVAL runows what was evidently
an old friendship.
b. Letter, postmarked 18 August 1958, from
Subject's mother, in Boston, which
contains family news.
c. Letter, portmarked 24 August 1958, from
Ted HALFRIN, at 22 Kohler Avenue, Fulton
87, Massachusetts, in which he mentions
family matters, his father's illness,
and that Subject's son, David, will be
visiting them soon.
d. Letter, postmarked 25 August 1958, from
RABINMITZ & BOUDIN, Attorneys at Law,
25 Broad Street, New York h, New York,
reducing subject's fee due for professional
SECRETINOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
༡༡།
00
services to $300.00. (It is probable that
thave professional services dealt with
Subject's hited States passport.)
Letter, postarked 27 August 1958, from
Paul BAPAN, Stanford University,
Stanford, California, commenting on an
econolo study of Latin America which
Subject is proparing.
3. This correspondance was obtained from a
usually reliable and highly sensitive source and should
not be disseminated outside your Bureau,
CSCI-3/752,786
5 Enclosures, as noted
Paulson
WH/3/Mexico/P.Nelsoni kc
Distribution:
Orig & 1
-
Addressee
1 - RI (201-128561)
1
-
1 -
CI/LIA
ROM/RE
1 - CI/R&A
1
-
WH/3/Mexico
1 WH/R
1.
-
WH/3/Nex/Subject
Based on HLA-11731 ✓
Project Cryptonym: LIBIGHT
31 December 1958
ECRET/NOFORM
BINROL
COL
14-00000
.
ANALYST
SECRET
When Sitted Ing
DOCUMENT TRANSFER AND CROSS REFERENCE
SUBJECT OF DOCUMENT
DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION
MAURICE ALPER IN
DATE PROCESSED
RI FILE NO.
کون
22.
DISPATCH OR SOURCE DOC. SYMBOL NO.
IDATE
22:52
SOURCE CRYPTONYM
DATE OF INFO.
EVALUATION
DISSEMINATED IN
DOCUMENT DISPOSITION
CROSS REFERRED TO THIS FILE
TRANSFERRED TO
RI FILE NO.
PERTINENT INFORMATION
FORM NO. 867
1 MAY 58
DATE
THALPER IN stay in Sivity, dated
23 October 1955
127 October 1958
i Korimber 1958
ES=A-1611 despied to: 68-2-5/3
FILE THIS FORM IN FILE NO.
SEPLACES FOOD 867- 1 800 34
AND FOO
137 NICH
DOSOLETE.
201 128 561
SECRET
17-469
14-00000
UNASSIFIED
VENTESIÁL
St
ALY
ptional)
☐ CCDTIAL
☐ SECRET
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
WH/3
TO: (Officer designation, room number, and
building)
1.
PH/CRO
2.
3.
WH/3/Mex/P.Nelson
WH/CA
RECEIVED
DATE
PORWARDED
9.
OFFICER'S
INITIALS
mr
Dec pgn
4.
5.
6.
BH/FI/Sims
7.
8.
9.
10..
11.
12.
13.
NO DEG
10 Dec 10 S
CI/Brown
CI/Liaison 1028 J
15 DEC 1958
RIDIAN
14.
15.
FORM
1 DEC 36
RiD/TY
RiD/Fi
610
now
dec
Cm
NO.
DATE
CSCI-3/752,587
16 December 1958
COMMENTS (Number each common to show from whom
to whom. Draw a line across couia after each comment.)
D. D
16 DEC 1953
701-128561
ABSTRACT
DATE
Use PREVIOUS
SECRET
☐ CONFIDENTIAL
INTERNAL
USE ONLY
UNCLASSIFIED
-
14-00000
SEGRETINOFORM
CORTANCED CONTROL
ลง
FROM
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attention} Mr. S. J. Papich
Deputy Director, Plans
SJ Jone Constance ROGERS
1.
CCCRRESANANCE FROM Jane Constance Royers
Tom Halperin
Reference is made to our CSCI-3/751,016, dated
12 August 1958, and to previous correspondence concern-
-ing Subject and her correspondence with American Comm
nists living in Mexico.
20 Enclosed for your information are photocopies
of an anvelope from Subject, 56 Seventh Avenue, New York
11, New York, addressed to thrice HALPIN, Kedellin 36-
ŷ, Mexico, N. and a letter, contained in the envelope,
bearing the salutation, "Dear Celia." ("Calia" is
probably Calia QUINHER, wife of Kurt Leopold NHEJ,
who, as was reported to your Bureau in our teletyped
Bagage of 12 September 1958, was hiding out in a hotel
during the wave of arrests of American Communists living
in Mexico.) The contents of the letter are oumarised as
followgs
Subject Mentions that she is glad that
Calia saw "Tess and Prumo," and discussed with
then the hardships and worry suffered "by you
and all our friends.”. She says that A.A.'s
sain interest has to do with Dr. FHIT.N. ("A.A." Dins
probably refers to Alrahan Aarun MELLER, who
visited Maxies with Subject for three months
during the winter of 1957-58. "ST. PONTINE
possibly refers to Tais SANCHEZ Ponton, a Maxican
Lawyer concerned with the Horton SOLL case.).
Subject also mentions that her planned trip
to Maxion during the coming winter is not certain
unless they (who would probably be traveling
again with HESH) could find an inexpensive
apartment.
586
8201-231257.
SECRETVEDPORN
CORTEZ LOTIO
CS COPY
201-128581
14-00000
a
3. This correspondance was obtained from a
usually reliable and highly sensitive source and should
not be disseminated outside your bureau. Photocopies
of this correspondence. have been furnished the represent-
ative of your Bureau in Mexico City, with a request for
any information available on "Tess and frume."
CSCI-3/752,581
Enclosures: 1 envelope containing photocopies of the
envelope and letter, as described above
• WH/3/Mexico/P.Nelson: kc
Distribution:
Orig & 1 - Addressee
:1 - RI
8 December 1958
1 - CI/R&A
1 - RQA/RE
1
1 - WH/3/Mexico
1
CI/LIA
WH/R
Based on:
HEMMA-11627
can u love
19 Den 75.
Project cryptonym: LIBIGHT
NOT in 201-231257.
SECRE
CONRADED CONTROL.
2.1.128561
16. Der 5-
पारी
14-00000
:ben- Calia
Dated: 1400
140ct 55
Art escl-3752587.
201-128.561
14-00000
CO DENTIAL
☑SECRET
☐ UNCLASSIFIED
INTERNAL
USE ONLY
w+/3/M
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
SUBJECT: Optionall
FROM:
WH/3
TO: (Officer designation, room rober, and
building)
1.
WH/CRO
2.
DATE
RECEIVED
FORWARDED
OFFICER'S
INITIALS
iz
3.
4.
WH/3/Mexico/PNelson
C/WH/3/Maxico
from/3
५
Dec.
pga
10/12/18/79
10 Ru 10
485
6.
WH/FI/Sims
7.
I/Brown
8.
CI/Liaison 1028 $
15 DEC 1959
nor
9.
10.
RIDIAN
11.
12.
13:
NO
CS CI-3/752,585
16 Dec 53
Date 1958
COMMENTS (Number auch comment to show from whom
to whom
Draw a line ocross column after each comment)
"HAL PERIN, MAURICE
нуман
dec
16 DEC 1959
14.
Ri
ITY
15.
FORM
RID/FI
1 DEC 56
670
USE PREVIOUS
Ca
m
SECRET ☐ CONFIDENTIAL
EDITIONS ☑
stenti contat
561
ABSTRACT
INDEX
DATE 16 A 1958
INTERNAL
USE ONLY ☐ UNCLASSIFIED.
14-00000
TO:
SECAFT/NSFORM
CONTRAULO (CNTROL
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attention: Mr. S. J. Papich
1 DEC 19
FROM:
Deputy Director, Plans
SUBJECT: Haurico Ryman HALFERIN
1. Reference is made to our CSCI-3/752,072, dated 30
October 
1958, and to other 
correspondenco concerning 3ubject,
an American Commmmist living at 
Medellin #$36, Apartment 9,
Mondeo, D.F.
2. Enclosed for your information are photocopies of
the 
following correspondenso 
sent to him's
a. Lotter, posturked 29 September 1956,
from 
Ted HALFFRIN
, at 22 Kohler Avenue, Fulton
87, Massachusetts
, concarna family matters,
including 
the illness of his father (Subject's
(
brother), and 
mentions anticipation over the
visit of 
Subject's son, David, in December.
b. Lattur, postmarked 1 October 1958,
from 
the 
Maurice H. Saval Insurance Company,
at 22 Batterymarch 
Street, Boston 9,
Massachusetts, oanourns the renewal of Subject's
life insurance 
policy #796864; of the Now
England Mutual Life Insurance Company.
3. This correspondence was obtained from a usually
reliable 
and highly sensitive 
source and should not bo
disseminated outside 
your Bureau. Photocopies of this
SPRAGYANSFORM
CONTA ENTNOL
it Dec 58"
201-128561
14-00000
SORINUED NORINGL
ecrrespondence have been furnished the representative of
your Bureau 
in Nexico City.
C³ 01-3/752,565
Enclosures: 2 letters, as described above.
рук
WH/3/PNelson: mif
Distribution:
Orig & 1 - Addressee
1 - RI (201-128561)
1 - CI/R&A
1 - RQM/RE
1
1
1
-
-
-
CI/LIA
WH/3/Mexico
WH/R
1 - WH/3/Subject
Based on: HMM-A-11553
Project Cryptonym: LIBIGHT
8 December 1958.
SECRETINGPOON
CONTINUED CONTROL

14-00000
TO
INFO
· DISPATCH
Chief, WH Division
CLASSIFICATION
PATCH MAND
SECRET
HMMA-11731)
HEADQUARTERS THE
201-128561
FROM
Chief of Station, Mexico City
SUBJECT
DEC 15-1961
American Communists in Mexico,
Maurice HALPERIN
x
ACTION REQUIRED
[REFERENCE{S}
DAIL
10 December 1958
CHECK ONE)
MARKED FOR INDEXING
NO INDEXING REQUIRED
INDEXING CAN BE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED HO. DESK ONLY
-DOCUMENT-MICROFILM-SERVICE-
1. Forwarded herewith to complete Headquarters and ODENVY records
on subject are one photocopy each and film of the following letters addressed.
to him in Mexico City.
BOUDIN
A. Ltr. of 25 Aug 58 from Leonard B. BOUDIN of RABINOWITZ
& BOUDIN, New York attorneys, cutting HALPERIN's fee due for professional
services to $300.00. (Comment: Professional services probably dealing
with HALPERIN's U. S. passport.)
LBARAN,
B. Ltr. of 27 Aug 58 from Paul BARAN, Stanford University,
Calif., commenting on an economic study of Latin America which HALPERIN
is preparing.
SAVAL,
C. Ltr. of 5 Aug 58 from Maurice H. SAVAL, insurance man in
Boston, Mass., who is apparently a long lost friend of Subject's. (No film)
D. Ltr. of 23 Aug 58 from Ted HALPERIN in Milton, Mass.
E. Ltr. of 18 Aug 58 from HALPERIN's mother and father in
Massachusetts.
2. Source is LIBIGHT/LIMUD. No local dissemination.
Willard Curtis
Willard C. CURTIS
EID
FID/vps SM
9 December 1958
Distribution
3 Headquarters
ESEI-3/752716
IAH.
FORM
145 53
USE PREVIOUS EDITION
REPLACES FORMS
51 29. 31:20 AND ST
WHICH ARE Osoun
CS COPY
CLASSIFICATION
SECRET
10 Dec 58
24-128561
CONTINUED
PAGE NO
14-00000
Att. 1 To MMMA-11731 (NSM)
10 Die 58
201-128561
14-00000
Bureau de Peritajes S. de R. L.
Balderas glo. 31-208
México 1. D. F.
Dr. Maurice Halperin
Medellin 3.6-9
Mexico
PAR AVION.
CORREO AEREO
VIA AIR MAIL
14-00000
MABING
S
BOUDIN'
STREET
4. N-
Dr. Maurice Halperih
Medellin 36
-
Mexico 7, D. F..
Mexico
RABINOWITZ & BOUDIN
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
25.040 STREET
NEW YORK 4. NY
Dr. Maurice Halperin
Medellin 36-9
Mexico 7, D. F.
Mexico
August 25,
Professional services
$300,
4n.!2P?YME/JS*32%
14-00000
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
NWENY
August 25, 1958
Dr. Maurice Halperin.
Medellin 35 - 9
Mexico 7, D. F.
Dear Dr. Halperin:
In view of your general financial
situation, I have revised downward my original
estimate to you. Hence the enclosed bill.
We shall ourselves pay out of this money the
local counsel fee.
Sincerely yours,
Leonard
14-00000
Bureau de Peritajes S. de R. L.
Balderas No. 31-209.
México 1. D. J.
Dr. Maurice Halperin
Medellin 36-9
mexico
CORREO AEREO
PAR AVION
VIA AIR MAIL
letter from Park BARAN
14-00000
MR MAIL
Dr.Maurice Hulnering
Medellin 36 - 9
Nexico 7, D.F.
Bureau de Peritajes S. de R. L.
Balderas No. 31-209
México 1, D. J.
Dr. Maurice Halperin
Medellin. 36- Dj.159
Mexico
PAR AVION
CORREO AEREO
VIA AIR MAIL
Birceau de Peritajes S. de R. L.
Balderas No. 31-208
México 1. D. J.
Dr. M. Halperin
Medellin 3.6.9
México
CORREO AEREO
PAR AVION
VIA AIR MAIL
14-00000
..
9.7 Mercedes Avenue
Los Altos,Californan,
August 27th,1955
234
PAN
3 1
WAYS TAC
to we
of wat
Line promisen a useful is
ning up of the
te la broken porn
cartean degree
lucidate the stage cl
Have
turdy in answering your letter of August .
returning from Lake Tahoe where I took
ible. To be sure, cutlines give usually only
comes out, but with that reservation,I think
What would seem to me to be in order is
cul framework. In the first place, I would
number of groups: those countries that
mic advancement (Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico
keddly stagnant (Central America, Poru and
| bourgeois revoluțiōna (Mexico); those that
prin or another (Argentina, Venezualar) plus
or entirely feudal abate (Pory?).pti
royma "dvall type" treatment a
ས
reached by individual countrion. The role of
isperialism in all of them has to be clearly worked out
politically. 
Secondly, when it comes to strictly economic analysis.I don't believò
: both economically, and
that such it gained by talking about 
"crioin-breeding printing pe na money"{V,P-).
This puts the critique of inflation on a 
wrong track, and relates to what I would
consider "old-fashioned" écomnics. 
The trouble with inflation is not this at an
Intrinsically "crisis-breeding
". After all, Soviet industrialamation was finan-
ced to a considerable extent by inflation! 
The trouble with inflation in that it,
puta the burden of capital 
accumulation upon lower income groups; in capitalized
countries,furthermore, it channels 
the accumulated capital lato wrong, undesirable
ipvestments, crestes opportunities 
for vant, apeculative profito,promotes luxury
stion,etc,oic. In other words
,under capitalism, inflation tends to add
10 Annustice. 16 Indisten then 
at least it should promote uneful capital
platively modent inflation (a faw z p.a.
Infiation of the Germen 1920' variety. The
Jona which need not occupy un in the
Now inflation (ncɖompanied by devaluations
b tax”og the underlying populations,
ulta in lopsided development.
2.
}
"
T'
imprefinish that you should concentrate on assembling as much as ponnible.
yhad 
on the volume and mode of utilization 
of accumulated capital, and show
these accumulations are being 
misuded. This would permit you to analyre both
he 
domestic structure of the economies 
under consideration as well an
he impect of 
capital outflows due to imperialium etu.
.OM
70*2
are my first reactions. I will be glad to go into all of
I have more stuff to look at. You are obviously mont retorika
for 
what it's 
worth) an a reference. If the Committed cholars to
led surgent 
that the accent be placed on the empirical
stelytical 
part made subject to further di
1,
to shox
arification,
4-00000
☑in
adapter by various and
Inge ap before school aths
will write to Bravo very soon; I was absolutely on
andry, committments, and am struggling now to finish
hd of September. And then I have a book to finish (ath Swengy) and deadlines
surround me on all sides.
With very best wishes,
nurs
Kine
14-00000
tu mill
BOSTON
AUG 18.
73571
1958
.2
MASS
SAVE THE EAS WAY!
BUY U.S.
PAYROLL
Dr. M. Halperin,
Medellin 3.6.9
Mexico 7.D.F,

14-00000
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14-00000
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you
from
Teal
14-00000
TO
DISPATCH:
Chief, KS THRU Chief, ES
;M
Chief of Station, Rexico City
FROM
Clef of Station, Born
INK/INANITION/Operations
Maurice HALPERIN
ACTION ROUTED
REFERENCES;
MAXI-2596
SB CRET
SYMAAND NO
BSBA-7838
THE NO
28 November 1958
82433 - CHECK ONE)
MARKED FOR INDEZING
NO INDEXING REQUIRED
xX
INDEXING CAN SE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED HQ. DESK ONLY
Attached is the final summary report of the IMANITIONS co
the stay in Sui tharland of Maurice HALPERIN and wife, who do-
peated for Pragon 10ember 1958. Orgies of lettere written
by KALPELIN Aile here are forwarded to Beadquarters only.
....
Reclosures!
A -
B
INANITION Repart
- Letters written by HALPERIN
.
27 November 1958.
Distributions
3 -
2 - BB w/enels. A and B
2 - Mexico City w/enci. A
2 - Bern w/mel, A
J. PORFABT
caci-
28 0.58
201-128561
No.58
14-00000
neral of 18 31.39
Stachment "&" to 18-7838
+ 509/17/58
As a supplement to bits of information witherto orally trans-
alted her is a merited account on the movements and acti-
rities or
E ALPER IH Maurice, alins PASTOR Daniel,
born 3.3.1906, CS citizen, economist,
married to Bith; domiciled Hedellin 36-9,
Mexico 7, D.P.
during his sojourn in Switserland from 15 October to 10 November 58;
Qa 15,008
Ctober subject and his wife arrived by air from LISBOT
at the Hotel Sohselzerhof" in ZURICH. On 18 October he and his wife
took the 1320 H. train to GENEVA, where they stared at the Hotel
"Bercius'.
On 19 Cotober, 1700
CF
1900 H., he visited
EPRON David, Dora 1.9.1904, Oltion of ANOSTIER,
Consellor with the 110 in GENEVA, domiciled
Avenue And 18s 2, CESAR-30UORALES GERSTA.
Om 20 October at GTA he inquired at a local travel agency for
the possibilities of a flight from WRICH to PRAGUE. On that day.
the HALPERIS's traveled by train (lesving GENEVA at 1245 H) to
ZURICH, where they occupied a room at the "Sehweiserhof” again.
At 1830 B.bjost visited the information office of the rich
main station to learn about train connections for PRAGUE and for
LUGANO. Ca 21 October be visited tho Cusch Consulate Geasral in
ZURICH, where he stayed from 0940 - 1115 . At 1630 H. he want
to consult the "Swisssip" information desk at the main station..
He stated that he possessed a flight-ticket Mexico-Lisbon-Aurich-
Tol-Aviv, but had no definite booking so far and wanted his luggage
to be stored at Kloten airport for the time being. He then mailed
letters to
1) Hr. David C. HALPERIN, 5411 South University Ave., CHICAGO /111.;
2) Hr. Theodore HALPERIN & family, 22, Kahler Ave., MILFON / Hass.;
3) Rabbi & Mrs. Hillel CANCRAN, 4 De Kalb Place, MORRISTA/Mos Jorney
4) Mrs. Annie FRISCH, 17 Beach Road, IYEN/Haseschmsettesĵ
Letters 1
-
are attached.
3 are of similar contents. Totestat copies of Er, 14 s
At 1930 H. he inquires at the "Svissair" office for ang
communication that may have come in for him,
On 22 October subject negotiates with the KL airtravel
14-00000
office for panelling of his 2 flight tickets to falmitic and
refunding.
25tober at 0925 8. be inquires at the informatias
office of the Federal Railways about train connections to PARIS
and fares. At 1025 B. Ao enters the Czech Cagoulate General, but
reappears in the street 3 mimates later.
น
On 24 October the couple visit the Cosch Consulate General
at 1025 B, where they remain for 5 minutes. At 1110 E. they go to
the mack bar of the Aurich University. HALPERIN the visits for
30 alrates the Seminary for social sconcaico, ecmorial sciences
And statistics. At 1515. in grow to a iravel egency to
cash a aboque of 50%.
On 25 October HALPERIE inquires for trains departing for
LUG130 and obtains various prospectus of this town. From 1025
1055 H. the couple then calls of the Coal Consulate Consral,
On the way back they changed 200 g; at 1511 N. they leave by train
for NO.
Up to this date the couple has not received any visiteso
and as far as eculd be ascertained had no suspicious lopheso calls
while staying in EURICH. They extensibly malesvered to cut down or-
penses to a minimum, taking seals in cheap restearents or buying feed
to be eaten in their recu at the hotel. The luggage deposited at
Klsten airport was discreetly searabed. The personal bolenginga
were of rather poor quality. A list showed that they had sold
faraitare and household goods prior to their departure from Eexico.
Azengst various articles there were also the pocket editions of
dictionaries in Chinese and Russien. Alls this and their demeanour
seca to indicate that the couple plan to settle definitely in the
Saat.
At 1625 B. of 25 October the couple arrived at LUGANO, where
they rented a room at the hotel garai "HX for 3 or 4 days.
1.
On 26 October they went on an excursion to the Rente Brd.
At 1730 H. of that day HALPERIS inquired at the axis post office
for the lephone number of a certain 410
such artension was found in the directory, howevVOT.
AHS. Ho
Q 27 October they made an outing to Casato and Campione
and back to LUGANO.
%
14-00000
વાળ સસ્તા ભા
03-
Ca 28 October
all tail to the telephone
exchange at C915 B. where he naked to be sonnested with...
Laser MA in PRAGUE, Br. 67854. The partser in FRAGUE being
absent, the call vas pontponed to the afternown; it went through
at 1640 H. and a certain ER. SEBI savored the call so the m-
bor indicated, HALPERIN talked in Spanish, announcing himself as
Professor Harisio HALFERIE free Kexico. B. explained that he
was a friend of LOHIDARNO, with son they (the partners on tho
phone) had accidentally not last year at the shop of HR, Paris.
AREWARES. At present he (EALPERIN) was staying in LUGANO and
waiting for the view to go to PRAGUE, There he would the to
find his friends, the STERN fazily, then his partner should also
know. He then wanted to know when LOMBARDO would arrive in PRAGUE
from MEXICO?
( probable identities:
-
FEMA Lasare: Preto Union Secretary of JURA; vise-prezident
of Guben C.P, à mamar Executive Council of VPO.
LOMBARDO Vincente, b. 16.7.18, Maxim sitism, dm.
Maxi-City, Artistes, Villa Obregon 51;
Prade Union leader; member of TFJ; member of prest
dinn of Executive Committes & General Connoil of WPTV.
DR.AREXARES Borta: so record.")
On 29 October the HALFERI's left 1594 at 0994 H. by train
for ZURICH. During their sejourn at LUGANO no contacts of the couple
with strangers were made; they went for walks at readon in ten or
in the vicinity, bought papers and perigionis by the dosen, but did
not receive any mail or telephone calls.
At 1253 N. of 29 October they arrived in TRICK, went to the
Hotel "Schweizerhof" and later to the Czech Consulate General. At 1550 H
subject inquired at the HIM airline agency about refunding for tho
tiekata to Tel-Aviv, but the agency had not received directions from
Amsterdam yet.
On 30 Osteber the couple again want to the Creah Consulato
Coneral at 1035 H. and resained there for 15 mientes. Af 1215 E.
HALFSRIE inquired at the Enani Travel Agency about tourist, vioas
to Pregas and was given the necessary forms to fill in. Bonn hó
returned to the agvery at 1410 H. tego ther with the passports.
/
14-00000
.. HALPERID, 5411 Sath Purity Ave. CIC/111
KOM & Fr. A, 4 de Kalb Face, MORHISTWH /N.J.
Chattelut sms (numbered 5 & 6) of the eastente are attached.
in 31 Setoba; the 's noved from Hotel Gevelvertoft
to the lenasper botel Man" this day they finally resolved
the requested refund by the DM airline's offics.
Monday, 10 November the requested tourist visas were issued
to the HALFERIV's, valid for 6 days and including Hotel reservatiėn.
for 5 days at St.Tre. 23.- per perses. They immediately departed
by train and left Switserland via Puchs/rall at 1824 E. fer distria,
traveling on to RICE-FRAGTR tra
the period of 31 October to enter the couple
make or resolve azy telephone calls and had no visitors, nor did they
call on anybody.
13 e 1958.
14-00000
21986/010/7/207
DATE
'
22 NOV 58
TO
•
DIRECTOR
FROM
VIENNA
ACTION
EE 6
INFO
SHA
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
S-E-C-R-E-T
ROUTING
2
UMEXICO
ting
5
اد
NOV 22 17362 58
• CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, FI, FI/OPS, WH A, S/C 2
ROUTINE
I SA
IN 29931
CITE
VIEN 4104
TO
DIR
GROOVY GRENGULF
INFO
ACCORDING
1. GRENGULF REPORTS THAT A MORICE (SIC) HALPIN, DOB 3 MARCH 1:06 AND HIS
WIFE EDITH, NEE FRISCH, DOB 6 JULY 1907, BOTH CARRYING U.S. PASSPORTS, ENTERED
AUSTRIA FROM SUISSE ON 10 NOV 1958. PASSPORTS HAD CZECH VISAS.
GRENGULF, THIS COUPLE REPORTEDLY BELONG TO CIRCLE OF ACQUAINTANCES OF ATON
SPY KLAUS FUCHS AND DURING THEIR STAY IN SUISSE WERE UNDER CLOSE SURVEILLANCE.
GRENGULF REPORT, SOMEWHAT CURIOUSLY WORDED, SAYS AUSTRIAN SURVEILLANCE
OF COUPLE NOT CARRIED OUT HERE SINCE THEY CROSSED BORDER INTO CSR ON 11 NOV WITH
U.S. PASSPORT NO. 118070, ISSUED MEXICO, IN NAME OF MAURICE AND EDITH HALPERIN,
SAME BIRTH DATE AS ABOVE.
2.
3. VIEN HAS NO TRACES, NO KNOWLEDGE THIS CASE.
ODENVY REQUESTED AUSTRIAN SURVEILLANCE.
X 2003
EE/AUS
Nelson Rese
END OF MESSAGE
Clark Houme
X8743
POSSTJTY (AS RECEIVED)
OUT-97882 to
FBI
24 Nov 58
22
201.128.561V
70058
S-E-C-RE-T
REPRODUCTION SY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS FROHIBITED
Copy Na
|
14-00000
116 MW/SW/2p
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
DATE
22 NOV 58
S-E-C-R-E-T
TO
DIRECTOR
FROM VIENNA
1
ACTION 挝見
INFO CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, EE 4, S/C 2
I
10
GROOVY GRENGULF
INFO
ROUTING
2
MEX
3.
NOV 24 1851Z58
ACTION CHANGE
ROUTINE
VIEN 4104 IN 29931 A
CITE
C/S COMMENT: ACTION RESPONSIBILITY FOR THIS CABLE HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED FROM EE TO WH
BY MR CLARK JUNG, EE, EXT 8743, IN COORDINATION WITH MR. TOM OGDEN, WH, EXT 2555.
File:- Halperin 2001
S-E-C-R-E-T
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
SOLITOPED. oba+azza PoRDS, G., BL, B. V.
Copy Na
14-00000
B
C
SECRET
(WHEN FILLED IN)
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
INSTRUCTIONS: Use officer designations in the "TO" column. Number each comment to correspond with the number in the "TO" column
Draw a line across the sheet under each comment. Each officer should. date and initial (check mark insufficient) before further routing.
This Routing and Record sheet should NOT be removed from the attached RECORD documeni
8
FROM:
RI
RITAN
1.
ΤΟ
ROOM
NO.
DATE
RECEIVED
WH 046 Barton
.-2.
Mixiles
Brady
5.
6.
OS/FSS
05/sex/Carries
10.
11.
FORWARDED
OFFICER'S
INITIALS:
25 1936 3
1958
28 Nov/pqu
16 de 16
ink
DOCUMENT NUMBER
DOCUMENT DATE
HMMA-11553
19 NN 58
COMMENTS
NOTE: I a-copy-craftachments are removed from the at-
tached document, note the location of the copy and/or attach-
ment hereon. If this RECORD COPY is to be retained in
the files at the Desk, call the Central File Section for per-
manent loan.
ce Subj
12/4/ Copy Potection
12/23/55 1
12/23/33/d/vc
esel- 3/752,585
to FBI
FILE TITLE
3
HALPERIN, MAURICE
12.
13.
14.
RI/FI
1400L
FORM NO.
1 OCT. 35 E10a.
ENCLOSURE
DATE RONESSE
FILE NUMBER.
Aposur
20 128561
SITE 19976.21958
ABSTRACT
0631
INDEX
LI
SECRET

14-00000
DISPATCH
TO
Chief, WH Division
INFO
CLASSIC.
SECRET
FROM
Chief of Station, Mexico City
SUBJECT
American Communists in Mexico/Maurice HALPERIN
ACTION REQUIRED
REFERENCE(S)
SOURCE:
LIBIGHT/LIMUD
HM-A-11553
MEADQUARTERS FILE NO
201-123561
19 November 1958
X
ONE)
RE 43.3 [CHECK
MARKED FOR INDEXING
NO INDEXING REQUIRED
INDEXING CAN BE JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED NO. DESK ONLY
1. Attached are the negatives and one set of prints of each of two letters which
were addressed" to Maurice HALPERIN in Mexico.
2. One letter is from a "Ted HALPERIN" and appears to be a personal, family-type
letter. The second letter is from Maurice H. SAVAL and concerns an insurance policy
carried by HALPERIN.
3. ODENVY has been furnished copies of this correspondence locally.
GFB/cps
Attachment
->
as stated above
17 November 1958
Distribution:
3 - Eqs w/att
2 - Files.
att:
NEW
Billard ((worts
Willard C. CURTIS
w
gations to 221)
A ATAS KENTISH
HALE
3111
CS COPY
BECKET
☐
19th
14-00000
neg stives
Art & HMMA-11553
197058
CS COPY
201-12856.
14-00000
ORIG :
UNIT :
EXT :
DATE:
693 JW/WS/W
N.King
7/3
4456
6 November 1958.
693
Haipien
200
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
S-5-C-R-E-T
BUENOS AIRES 1//EX/Rinicheck one):
No Record Value. Destroy.
RI file this ropy Indicated
Branch copy filed as indicated
RE Indesing (check one);
Market
TO
:
FROM:
DIRECTOR
CONF:
WH 5
Simist
INFO:
CI, CI/OPS, C1/IC, S/C 2
1
3
الله
DEFERRED
-128.61
ROUTING
4
5
0
1/77
Nov 6 23 32:58
REC'D CABLE SECT.
☑ROUTINE
о
INITIALS
None required
PRIORITY
INITIALS
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
ΤΟ
BUEN
INFO MEXT
REF:
BUEN-3666 (IN-22713) (NOT SENT MEXI).
CUTS2043
CITE DIR
49353.
DO NOT PASS TO BIOGENESIS INFO IN HABW-5114 THAT DORFMAN IN COMMUNICATION
WITH HALPERIN.
END OF MESSAGE
C/S COMMENT: *QUERIED WHETHER FACT THAT DORE AND IN COMMUNICATION HALPERIN COULD
BE PASSED 
BIOGENESIS.
RI
COPY
ROUTING INITIAL
RAI
H
NITY
DESTRET
Retine WH
11/3M
હર-
J. C. King, C/HD
RELEASING OFFICER
1389 0
H/2/Arg
COCIDINATING OFFICEes
S-E-C-R-B-T
AUTHENTICATING OFFICES
6 View 58
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
& SZENT POSTS OFF
10-30
201-123
Copy No
561
14-00000
DATE
* M 300 RLG/BM
1 NOV 53
ΤΟ
:
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
ROUTING
4
S-E-C-R-E-T
2
5
3
5
FROM
ACTION:
INFO
.
DIRECTOR
BERN
WH 5*
CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, FI, FI/OPS, EE 4, SR 4, S/C 2
NOV 2 01142 53
ROUTINE
WE 1
,
ΤΟ
INFO
MEXI
DIR
RE BERN 3096 (IN 17033)
MAURICE HALPERIN &w.
FE
IN 21415
CITE
BERN 3138
1. SUBJECTS TRAVELLED ZURICH TO LUGANO 23 OCT, MADE PHONE CALL 28 OCT
FROM LUGANO TO PRAG WHERE SPOKE IN SPANISH WITH FNU STEIN (PHON) AT TEL
NUMBER LAZARO FENA 67856. NOT CLEAR IF PENA TEL EXCHANGE OR NAME SUBSCRIBER,
PROB
.✓
VT
2. IN PHONE CONVERSATION IDENTIFIED SELF TO STEIN AS FRIEND OF LOMBARDO
DR. BERTA ARENAL BASTAR 
DE
Ocampo
SAID HAD MET STEIN IN SHOP OF DR. BERTA ARENARES. SAID HE WAITING IN SUISSE
WHEN STEIN VAGUE ABOUT KNOWING STERNS,
FOR CSR VISA, WISHED SEE STERNS IN PRAG.
SUBJ ASKED IF HAD NOT SEEN THEM IN. INTRAYA (PHON). THEN ASKED WHEN LOMBARDO.
WOULD ARRIVE PRAG, WAS TOLD HE STILL MEXICO. SUBJ PROMISED CONTACT STEIN ON
ARRIVAL PRAG. ACCORDING INTERPRETERS NOTE ON PHONE TRANSCRIPT STEIN VERY GUARDED,
NOT ENTHUSIASTIC ABOUT PHONE CALL...
MOVED TO
3. SUBJ RETURNED ZURICH 29 OCT, GOT PASSPORTS BACK FROM CSR CONSULATE_WITH_
OUT VISA. NOW ATTEMPTING GET TOURIST VISAS THROUGH TRAVEL AGENCY.
CHEAPER HOTEL, SPENDS MUCH TIME IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY.
INANITIONS STATE
SUBJECTS RUNNING LOW ON FUNDS, MANY INDICATIONS PLAN REMAIN CSR INDEFINITELY,
BELIEVE LOMBARDO MENTIONED ON PHONE IDEN WITH VINCENTE TOLEDANO LOMBARDO.!
(END OF MESSAGE)
4. WILL POUCH DETAILED REPORTS.
C/S COMMENT: ACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DYVOUR USED.
** ITINERARY MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS.
S-E-CR-E-T
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Ov7-907913 4.
FBI
с
wantify
Coby No
25. Nur
STAIN.
ORIG filed in 201-3704.
201-128561
£ Elizad ispod not
TRAJA
14-00000
T:
PROL
SUBJECT:
SEAN
Directa
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attentiont Hr. 5. J. Papich
Deputy Director, Plans
Maurice Hyman HALPERIN
1.
Reference is made to our CSCI-3/751,683, anted
12 October, 1958, and to other correspondence concerning
Subject, an American Communist living at Medellin #36,
Apartment 9, Mexico, D. F.
.20 Enclosed for your information are photocopies
of the following correspondence sent to Subject:
80
b.
Lotter, dated 10 August 1958, from Jane
Constance QS, at All Valley, California,
mentions that she and Abrahan Aaron HELLER
have lean at Hill Valley since 1 August. S
also mentions that Alert M.LTZ in in Los
Angeles and that she and HR planned to
travel through there in late August, Sho
refers to two "youngish" Lawyers from Los
Angeles who came to San Francisco for a
breath of "fresh air." She mentions Tim
Ka LX's kindness to her and HELER at Hill
Valloy and that KELLY sends his love to Pablo
6. She also encloves six photographs
of herself and H. (COC1-3/751,016, dated
12 August 1958, reported that had asked
HALPEN to look for an apartment in Mexico
City for her for the winter of 1958-59.)
Letter, dated 2 September 1958, from Martin
Robert 38, The Hell, Hume, Virginia, (son
of Jane Constance RRS) queries HAL MAN
about effects to be shiped when the S
family goes to Mexico as immigrants. RARS
Mentions that he and his family hope to le in
Vaxico by 1 gender "unings ROGAUSEN ɖougn't
periora.
Radds that "as a matter of fact,
CS COPY
CONTROL
14-00000
SECRET/NOFORM
CONTINUED CONTROL
2
0.
3.
we have to way, and we'll ontor as
tourinta if we can't get ready as inniarants,"
(Evidently à langer naled is arranging
the entrance of the family to Mexico.
There are two brothers naked HHAUSEN who are
practicing layers in Rexico.)
letter, cated 4 September 1958, from Hartin
Roberts, This tell, Hum, Virginia,
requesto HALUNIN to open a box in the main post
office in Mexico City for his effective 1
November.
This correspondence was obtained from a usually
roliable and highly sensitive source and should not ta
disseminated outside your Bureau, Photocopies of this
correspondence have been furnished the representative of
your Bureau in Maxico City.
CSCI-3/752,072
Enclosuresi 3 letters, as described above
mak
WH/3/Mexico/M.Kingi ke
Distribution:
Orig & 1 - Addressee
Based on:
✗- RI (201-128561).
1 - CI/Lia
1 - ROM RE
1 - CI/R&A
1- WH/3/Mexico
1- WH/R
1
WH/3/Subj:
HALFERIN
1 - WH/3/Subj: ROGERS
HIMA-11113 ✓
Project Cryptonym: LIBIGHT
24 October 1958
ཙར
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
14-00000
فيا
B
I
Aud
SECRET
WHEN LLED IN)
ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET
INSTRUCTIONS: Use officer designations in the "TO" column. Number each comment to correspond with the number in the "10" columa.
Draw a line across the sheet under each comment. Each office: should date and initial (check mark insufficient) before further routing.
This Routing and Record sheet should NOT be removed from the attached RECORD document.
brz
FROM:
RIV
DOCUMENT NUMBER
DBF -12369
DOCUMENT DATE
29 Oct 58
1.
ΤΟ
CI STAR
De/ci
3.
4.
CI/SID
WH/FI/CE
6.
Mexic
ROOM
NO.
DATE
RECEIVED
FORWARDED
OFFICER'S.
INITIALS
31 OCT 1958
Suy
COMMENTS
NOTE: If a copy or attachments are removed from the at-
tached document, note the location of the copy and/or attach
ment hereon. If this RECORD COPY is to be retained in
the tiles at the Desk, call the Central File Section for per-
manent loan.
be
This document may
forwarded to other areas
8 Ric 8 135 if decided.
9 de 9
OPY
#
7.
SPS
WE/2-
9.
-
11:
CI
12.
11
JAY 1959
JAN 8 JAN 16
1959
1959
کر
haff
PM
FILE TITLE
DEFERRED
FILE NUMBER
13.
Ri/AN
14.
RI/FI
1400L
FORM NO.
1 OCT. 55 610a
20 JAN 1959
J59
2
SECRET
ENCLOSURE
DATE PROCESSED
ABSTRACT
8451
INDEX
"
14-00000
In Reply, Please Refer to
File No.
100-424134
Date:
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
DBF 12369
October 28, 1958
From:
Kr. E. Tomlin Bailey
Director
Office of Security
Department of State
515 22nd Street, N. F.
Washington 25, D. C.
John Edgar Hoover, Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Subjects EDITH FRISCH HALPERIN
SECURITY MATTER C
-
WASHINGTON 25, D. C
Records of the Passport Division, Department
of State, revealed that captioned individual was
issued a passport in August, 1958, at the American
Embassy, Mexico City, Mexico. Regarding her travel
plans, she had previously stated she intended to deport
from Mexico on July 12, 1958, for proposed travel to
Aurope and the Eiddle East for the purpose of business
and pleasure. However, on August 27, 1958, the American
Embassy advised the Department of State that at the time
a passport was issued to the subject she refused to give
specific travel data but stated she expected to travel
to Israel, returning via Belgium to visit the World's
Fair at Brussels and would probably stop at intervening
points.
Information concerning Halperin has previously
been furnished to the recipients of this letter. No
investigation is requested since this matter is being
handled through the appropriate Legal Attaches. It
14-00000
Er. E. Tomlin Balley
Dor 12369
would be appreciated, however, if this Bureau to furnished
any pertinent information concerning Halperin which may
come to the attention of the Department of State or
the Central Intelligence Agency while she is outside the
United States
.
Director
Central Intelligence Agency
Attention: Deputy Directorį,Plano
+4-00000
165 JB/08/8/T
DATE
22 OCT 58
TO
$ DIRECTOR
_LASSIFIED MESSAGE
༡-་༢་
3
ROUTING
ССТ 22 15282 58
FROM
BERN
ACTION:
Mi 5*
ROUTINE
INFO
CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, CI/SP, FI, FI/OPS, EE 4, NEA 4, SR 4, WE 4, S/C2
IN 17033
TO
(PRIORITY) MEXI
INFO
DIR TELA LISB CARA
CITE
BERN 3096
RE BERN 3089 (IN 16287)
LIAISON REFORTS SUBJECTS RETURNED ZURICH 21 OCT. SPENT HOUR AND HALF. CSR CON-
SULATE ZURICH; CANCELLED RESERVATIONS TO TEL AVIV, SCHEDULED LEAVE FOR PRAG VIA AUSTRIA
BY RAIL 23 OCT. LIAISON PLANS EITHER SEARCH EFFECTS CLANDESTINELY IN HOTEL OR
THROUGH CUSTOMS CHECK AT BORDER.
END OF MESSAGE
S/C COMMENT: *RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER.
A RELAY REQUEST OF FORM 12 IS REQUIRED.TO EFFECT RELAY.
C/S COMMENT: #ACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DYYOUR USED.
SUBJECTS UNDER DISCREET
**MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS, ARRIVED ZURICH FROM LISBON 15 OCT.
TRAVELLED GENEVA 15-18 OCT. EXPECTED RETURN ZURICH 20 OCT.
INANITION SURVEILLANCE.
as DHT-86767
22 Oct 58
201-1.28 561
S-E-C-R-E-T
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED
Copy No.

14-00000
501/RLG/BG/
CRIG
UNIT
EXT
M.King
MI/3/M
4456
SEX
----
DATE :
ΤΟ
:
21 October 1958
FEDEL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FROM CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY:
CONF
$
WH 5
INFO
TO
¨CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, CI/SP, FI, FI/OPS, EC 4, SR 4,
WE 4, S/C 2
INFO
NOFORN/CONTINUED CONTROL
: PORTUGAL, LISBON; SWITZERLAND, BERN
FROM
DATE OF INFO: 15
-
20 OCTOBER 1958
ELE CABLE
ALS
DEFERRED
PRIORITY
☑
ROUTINE
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
LMMEDIATE
CITE DIR
OUT 86432
SUBJECT
REFERENCE
TRAVEL OF MAURICE HYMAN HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS
OUR TELETYPE MESSAGE OF 18 OCTOBER 1958
1. THE PORTUGUESE INTERNATIONAL POLICE HAVE REPORTED THAT MAURICE HYMAN HALPERIN
AND HIS WIFE, EDITH FRISCH HALPERIN, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS WHO ARE SUSPECTED OF BEING
SOVIET AGENTS, LEFT LISBON FOR ZURICH ON 15 OCTOBER 1958 VIA SWISSAIR AND INDICATED
THAT THEIR DESTINATION WAS TEL AVIV.
HALPERIN CARRIED U.S. PASSPORT NO. 118071,
WHICH WAS ISSUED IN MEXICO ON 26 AUGUST 1958.
:
2. AN OFFICIAL SWISS SOURCE REPORTED THAT HALPERIN AND HIS WIFE ARRIVED AT ZURICH
FROM LISBON ON 15 OCTOBER AND STAYED AT THE HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF UNTIL 18 OCTOBER, WHEN
THEY TRAVELED TO GENEVA. THEY EXPECTED TO RETURN TO ZURICH ON 20 OCTOBER.
FIELD DISTRIBUTION:
NONE
ABOVE INFO BASED ON:
LISB-1331
IN-16129
CI
RELEASING OFFICE
(END OF MESSAGE)
WE/Portugal (by telephone)
EE/Switzerland (by telephone)
COORDINATING OFFICERS
S-B-C-H-E-T
22 Och 58
701-1285612
Over
WH/R/CE
AUTHENTICATING
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
OFFICER
Copy Na
14-00000
:
662 ER/
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
ROUTING
ORIG
Charles W.rson
UNIT
:
EXT
WH/FI
3255
S-E-C-R-E-T
:
:
DATE 21 October 1958
662
TO
: MEXICO CITY
JCT 22 723 4:56
LECTO CABLE SECT.
FROM DIRECTOR
CONF:
WH 5
INFO I
CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, FI, FI/OPS, S/C 2
TO
MEXI
REFS MEXI 2592
MEXI 2596
INFO
POZY
INITIALS
DEFERRED
PRIORITY
X
ROUTINE
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
IMMEDIATE
CITE DIR
OUTSSS97
46933
1. PLEASE NOTE DEPARTURE OF KEY AMERICAN COMMUNIST
HALPERIN RAISES QUESTION RE DATE OF PROCUREMENT OF
INFORMATION.
2.
TO MEET ANY POSSIBLE CRITICISM HERE PLEASE ADVISE
WAS LOCAL ODENVY TARDY IN PROCESSING? WHY WAS LIFEAT
CONTACT OF 29 SEPTEMBER NOT REPORTED PRIOR 17 OCTOBER?
END OF MESSAGE
CS COMMENT: * IN 15827, STATED THAT MAURICE HALPERIN WAS CONTACTING ANN SEBORER
RE KLM FLT TO LISSOA VIA SAN JOSE, CURACAO, CARACAS. INTERESTED IN KNOWING IF RE-
SERVATIONS COULD BE OBTAINED WITH SHORT NOTICE.
** IN 15475.
C/CI
WH/DI/MEXIC
/I/ME
22. Oct 58
201-128561
Jcking
JC. KING, CWH
RELEASING
CFFICER
COORDINATING OFFICERS
Q
S-E-C-R-E-T
R. N. DAHLGREN, CWH/III
AUTHENTICATING OFFICE
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy No.
14-00000
000
FRANSING
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
DATE
• 20 OCT 58
S-E-C-R-E-T
ΤΟ
* DIRECTOR
FROM
BERN
ROUTING
4
2
5
OCT 21 03382 58
1
ACTION: WH 5
ROUTINE
INFO 101,C01/OPS, CI/IC, CI/SP, FI, FI/OPS, EE 4, SR 4, WE
S/C 2
IN 16287
TO.
MEXI
INFO DIR TELA LISB CARA
RE MEXI 2596 (IN 15475)***
CITE
BERN 3089
SUBJECTS ARRIVED ZURICH FROM LISBON 15 OCT, STAYED ZURICH HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF
15 TO 18 OCT, WHEN TRAVELLED GENEVA. EXPECTED RETURN ZURICH 20 OCT. THEY UNDER
DISCREET INANITION SURVEILLANCE:
END OF MESSAGE
C/S COMMENTS:
*ACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DTVCUR USED.
**RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER. A RELAY
REQUEST ON FORM 12 IS REQUIRED TO EFFECT RELAY.
*****REQUESTED SURVEILLANCES WHERE POSSIBLE AND REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF
MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE AMERICAN COMMUNISTS SUSPECTED SOVIET AGENT WHO LEFT
MEXICO CITY FOR CURACAO LISBON ON 13 OCT.
S-E-C-R-E-T
21
Och
58
201-128 56)
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Cozy Na
14-00000
293 DMCL/4GB/
DATE
23 CCT 1953
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
SECRET
ROUTING
3
6
TO
DIRECTOR
FROM
LISBON
ACTION,
R. SULCH DIV NOTIFIED 1900-20 CCT 53)
PRIORITY
INFO
CI, CIS, CI/IC, CI/SP, FI, FI/CPS, DE,
SR, ME , S/C 2°
IN16129
TO
DIR BERN TELA* INFO.
ZURI
CARA MEXI
CITE
LISB 1333
LC IMPROVE
REF: MEXI 2596 (IN 15475 ) *
MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, EDITH DEPARTED. FOR
ZURI FROM LISB 15 OCT. VIA SWISSAIR. INDICATED DESTINATION
TEL AVIV.
HALPER IN CARRYING AMERICAN PASSPORT 113571 ISSUED
MEXI 26 AUGUST 58.
END OF MESSAGE
WASH C/C NOTE: RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED.
BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER. A RELAY PEQUEST ON FORM. 12 REQUIREIX
TC EFFET RELAY.
C/S COMENT: **HALPERINS ON WAITING LIST SWISS AIR FROT LISDON TO ZURICH FOR 15 CST.
*ACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DYVOUR USED.
201-128 5418
"
SECRET
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy No.
14-00000
DATE
LASSFIED ME
POUTING
165 of
2200762
COT-22-128256
TO
FROM
ACTION
INFO
:
'
DIRECTOR
BERN
Wi 5
ROUTINE
CI, CI/OPS, CI/10, C1/SP, FI, FI/005, EE 4, NEA 4, SR 4, WE 4, S/C2
INFO
DIR TEEA LISB CARA
ΤΟ
(PRIORITY) MEXI
RE BERN 3089 (IN 16287)
**
IN 17033
CITE
BERN 3096
LIAISON REPORTS. SUBJECTS RETURNED ZURICH 21 OCT. SPENT HOUR AND HALF CSR CON-
SULATE ZURICH, CANCELLED RESERVATIONS TO TEL AVIV, SCHEDULED LEAVE FOR FRAG VIA AUSTRIA
BY FAIL 23 OCT. LIAISON PLANS EITHER SEARCH EFFECTS CLANDESTINELY IN HOTEL OR
THROUGH CUSTOMS CHECK AT. BORDER.
END OF MESSAGE
S/C COMMENT: RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER.
A RELAY REQUEST OF FORM 12 IS REQUIRED.TO EFFECT RELAY.
C/S COMMENT: PACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DYYOUR USED.
SUBJECTS UNDER DISCREET
**MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS, ARRIVED ZURICH FROM LISBON 15 OCT.
TRAVELLED GENEVA 15-18 OCT. EXPECTED RETURN ZURICH 20 OCT.
INANITION SURVEILLANCE..
S-E-C-R-E-T
RODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED
Copy No.
14-00000
UNT
EX:
0418
:
TO
15/27/8
12.56
22 October 1959
501
PNERAL PULA OF IN
CONTRAL INTELLINENCE MAY
37-134841
RIDITY
CONS
15
AL
I MASTONE
ANGLATE
'
01, 01/009, 01/10, F1, F/OPS, EE, 5/0.2
NCA 4, SR 4
TO
NOPORN/CONTINUED CONTROL
FROM
BO
SWITZERLAND, EIRN
aut 86867
loni but
DATE INFO i 21 OCTA 1958
STERICT
REFERENCE
霍
AF ALRIGE HYHAN HAL ERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMUNISTS
$ OUR TELTYPE MESSAGE 21 OCTOBER 1950
AN OFFICIAL STISS SOURCE HAS REPORTED THAT MAURICE HYN LIN AND
HIS WIFE, EDITH FRISCH HALFERON, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS WHO ARE SUSPIOTSO, OS
REIN SOVIET AGENTS, RETURNED TO ZURICH FROM GENETA ON 01 OCTOBER 1956,
&F AN HOUR AND A HALF AT THE CZECH CONSULATE IN BURICH, CANCELLED THRER
RESERVATIONS TO TEL AVIV, AND WERE SCHEDULED TO LEAVE ZURICH FOR FRAUB VIA
AUSTRIA MY RAIL OF 23 OCTOBER,
FIED DISTRIBUTION:
MONZ
END OF MESSAGE
ABOUR INFO BASED C
-3095 (21-17033)
CI
CASINO CICE
8
A
011
Copy No
:
14-00000
ORIG:
592 50/ATF/
STEPHEN MILLETT
UNIT 1
EXT
CI SPD
2831
DATE :
592
22 OCTOBER 1958
TO
TEL AVIV
FROM:
DIRECTOR
CONF:
C/CI/SP 3
INFO:
COP, S/C 2
·TO'
TELA
.INFOX
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
S-E-C-R-E-T
2
3
HALPERIN Maure
22-10-53
ROUTING
5
DEFERRED
JC1 22 21 09:58
REC CABLE SECT.
C
ROUTINE
E
INITIALS
PRIORITY
N
INITIALS
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
CITE DIR.
QUT C312
RYBATION.
REF DIR 46607 (OUT 86097)
21 OCT SUBJ CANCELLED RESERVATIONS TO TELA. NOW ED
SCHEDULED LEAVE FOR PRAGUE VIA AUSTRIA BY RAIL 23 OCT.
END OF MESSAGE
C/S COMMENT: *HALPERIN_HAD ARRIVED ZURICH FROM LISB 15 OCT VIA SWISSAIR.
INDICATED: DESTINATION TELA.
Mithat
Lievennlige
Mory Pinck
NETSK
46866
STEPHEN MILLETT,,C/CI/SPD
COORDINATING OFFICERS
S-E-C-R-E-T
AUTHENTICATING OFFICER
Copy No.
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
14-00000
501/RL/
03: M.King
RA/3/8
UNIT
EXT
:
4456
DATE
ΤΟ
FROM
21 October 195
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
CONF: WH 5.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
NUTIALS
DEFERRED
PRIORITY
☑
ROUTINE
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
IMMEDIATE
INFO
:
CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC; CI/SP) FI, FI/CPS, EE-4, SR 4,
WE 4, S/C 2
.TO
INFO
CITE DIR
OUT 86432
NOFORN/CONTINUED CONTROL
FROM
PORTUGAL, LISBON; SWITZERLAND, BERN
DATE OF INFO: 15 20 OCTOBER 1958
SUBJECT
REFERENCE.
-
: TRAVEL OF MAURICE HYMAN HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS
: OUR TELETYPE MESSAGE OF 18 OCTOBER 1958
1. THE PORTUGUESE INTERNATIONAL POLICE HAVE RE-CATED THAT MAURICE HIMAN HALPERIN
AND HIS WIFE, EDITH FRISCH HALPELIN, APERICAN COMMUNISTS WHO ARE SUSPECTED OF PAING
SOVIET AGENTS, LEFT LISBON FOR ZURICH ON 15 OCTOBER 1958 VIA SWISSAIN AND INDICATED
THAT THEIR DESTINATION WAS TEL AVIV. HALPERIN. CARRIED U.S. PASSPORT NO. 118071,
WHICH WAS ISSUED IN MEXICO ON 26 AUGUST 1958.
2. AN OFFICIAL SWISS SOURCE REPORTED THAT HALPERN AND HIS WIFE ARRIVED AT ZURICH
FROM LISBON ON 15 OCTOBER AND STAYED AT THE HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF UNTIL 18 OCTOBER, WHEN
THEY TRAVELED TO GENEVA. THEY EXPECTED TO RETURN TO ZURICH ON 20 OCTOERE.
FIELD DISTRIBUTION:
NONE
(END OF MESSAGE)
W3/Portugal (by telephone)
HE/Switzerland (by telephone)
COORDINATING
ADOVE INFO BASED ON:
LIGB-1333 (IN-16129)
BER-3089 (-1626?)
CI
RELEASING OFFICE
S-E-C-R-E-T
WH/R/CE
AUTHENTI
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
OFFICER
Copy No.
14-00000
565 BD/ATF
ORIG
UNIT
EXT
DATE :
TO
:
FROM:
:
STEPHEN MILLETT
CI/SPD
2331
565
21 OCTOBER 1959
COS TEL AVIV
DIRECTOR
CONF
C/CI/SP 3
INFO
COP, S/C 2
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
SECRET
ROUTING
?
5
☑
19-195
CABLE SET
INITIALS
DEFERRED
PRIORITY-
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
ROUTINE
IMMEDIATE
OUTS2097
OUT 86097
46607
TO
TEXXXKX TELA
INFO
CITE DIR
RYBAT RHYTON
REF DIR 46465 (OUT 85727)
5cm
SUBJES ARRIVED ZURICH FROM LISB 15 OCT A SWISSAIR.
5cm.
INDICATED DESTINATION XXXVXKX TELA. SUBJE CARRYING
PBPRIME PASSPORT 118071 ISSUED MEXI 26 AUG 1958.
END OF MESSAGE
C/S COMMENT:
*HQS FORWARDED INFO RE MOVEMENTS OF MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN
COMMUNISTS SUSPECTED SOVIET AGENTS.
Linewaityje
Mary Pisicch
NEIESK
Suinkin millilit
STEPHEN MILLETT,C/CI/SPD
COORDINATING OFFICERS
SECRET
AUTHENTICATING OFFICEE
Copy No.
2
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
:
14-00000
161
Adenu
21-10-85
000 ER/WS
ER/WS/
:
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
ROUTING
DATE
$
20. CCT 58
S-E-C-R-E-T
TO
: DIRECTOR
FROM • BERN
ACTION: WH 5*
INFO 101,201/OPS, CI/IC, CI/SP, FI, FI/OPS, EE 4, SR 4, WE
TO
MEXI
INFO DIR TELA LISB CARA
RE MEXI 2596 (IN 15475) ***
OCT 21 0338 58
ROUTINE
,
S/C 2
IN 16287
CITE
BERN 3089
SUBJECTS ARRIVED ZURICH FROM LISBON 15 OCT, STAYED ZURICH HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF
15 TO 18 OCT, WHEN TRAVELLED GENÈVA.
EXPECTED RETURN ZURICH 20 OCT. THEY UNDER
DISCREET INANITION SURVEILLANCE:
END OF MESSAGE
C/S COMMENTS:
*ACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DTVOUR USED.
**RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER, A RELAY
REQUEST ON FORM 12 IS REQUIRED TO EFFECT RELAY.
***REQUESTED SURVEILLANCES WHERE POSSIBLE AND REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF
MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE AMERICAN COMMUNISTS SUSPECTED SOVIET AGENT WHO LEFT
MEXICO CITY FOR CURACAO LISBON ON 13 OCT.
S-E-C-R-E-T
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED Copy No

14-00000
293 CMCL/16/
DATE
..
21 ост 1953
TO
'
DIRECTOR
FROM 1
LISSON
ACTION 1
INFO
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
SECRET
(R. SU DIV NOTIFIED 1900-20 OCT 53)
C/
01/16/01/SP/ FI, FI/OPS, EE,
SR, NE S/C/2
Halperin, Munce
ROUTING
30-10.5)
2
5
3
16
PRIORITY
IN16129
ΤΟ
DIR BERN TELA* INFO
ZURI
CARA MEXI
. CITE
LISB 1333
LC IMPROVE
REF: MEXI 2596 (IN 15475 )
MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, EDITH DEPARTED FOR
ZURI FROM LISB. 15 OCT. VIA SWISSAIR. INDICATED DESTINATION
TEL AVIV, HALFERIN CARRYING AMERICAN PASSPORT 118071 ISSUED
MEXI 26 AUGUST 58.
END OF MESSAGE
ASH S/C NOTE: RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED
AL PENTEN. A RELAY REQUEST ON FORM 12 REQUIRED
DY.
C/S COMMENT: HALPERINS ON WAITING LIST SWISS AIR FROT LISION TO ZURICH FOR 15 OCT.
•ACTION UNIT DETERMINED AS THOUGH INDICATOR DYVOUR USED.
S. E CRET
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED. Copy No.
14-00000
TO-
603 GD/ATP/
STEPHEN MILLETI
CRG :
UNIT:
EXT
CI/SPD
2831
DATE
20 OCTOBER 1958
ΤΟ
:
TEL AVIV
6.5
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
S-E-C-R-E-T
1
2
3
ROUTING
4
5
6
DEFERRED OCT 20 28
ROUTINE
5:56
RECAL CABLE ST
INITIALS
CONF:
FROM:
DIRECTOR
C/CI/SP 3
Onnilige
ENOSITY
INFO :
COP, S/C 2
Mary Baccik
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
NE ISR
TELA
RYBAT RHYTON
KKCOOT RJ-1340
INFO
INITIALS
SOM
OUT85727
CITE DIR.
76465
1. MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS SUSPECTED
SOVIET AGENT LEFT MEXICO CITY KLM FLIGHT 988 FOR CURACAO LISBON
KLM FLIGHT 722 ON 13 OCT.
2. KLM ADVISES RESERVATIONS MADE IN NAME MR. AND MRS DANIEL
PASTOR AND LATE ON 11 OCT CALL FROM MEXI AMERICAN TRAVEL AGENCY
ADVISES PASTORS HAD CANCELLED REQUESTED SUBSTITUTE MR AND MRS
MAURICE HALPERIN.
3. HALPERINS ON WAITING LIST SWISS AIR FROM LISBON TO ZURICH
FOR 15 OCT AND KLM ADVISES TELEPHONIC REQUEST BY "MR PASTOR"
ASKED PRICE ROUND TRIP TICKET ZURICH TO TELA.
Stern
4. PROBABLY HÁLPERINS PLAN JOIN ALFRED HAMAMAY KAUFMAN AND
MARTHA DODD STERN IN PRAGUE. RESERVATION TECHNIQUE SAME AS
HALPERIN USED WHEN HE MADE PLANS FOR STERNS FLEE TO SOVIET UNION.
COORDINATING OFFICERS
RELEASING OFFICER
S-E-C-R-E-T
AUTHENTICATING OFFICER
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy No
14-00000
TO
ORIG
UNIT 1
EXT
DATE :
TO
TEL AVIV
FROM: DIRECTOR
CONF:
INFO
INFO
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
·S-F-C-R-E-T
PAGE 2
1
2
3
ROUTING
DEFERRED
ō
JCT 20 70 5 2:58
REC'D CABLE SECT.
ROUTINE
INITIALS
☑
PRIORITY
INITIALS
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
CITE DIR.
DIR 46465.
OUT 85727
5. REQUEST SURVEILLANCE AND REPORT IF SUBJ ARRIVES TEL
AVIV.
Stitchen Hullett.
STEPHEN MILLETT, C/CI/SPD
RELEASING OFFICER
END OF MESSAGE
COORDINATING
OFFICERS
S-E-C-R-E-T
AUTHENTICATING OFFICER
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy No.
14-00000
.
fachapuk
K-R-S
025/ER/08
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
ROUTING
DATE
1
17 ост 1958
25
SECRET
ΤΟ
⚫ DIRECTOR
FROM • MEXICO CITY
ACTION
WH 5
INFO
"
(MR. BRADY AND MR OGDEN WH DIV
• NOTIFIED 0115 13 OCT 55)
¨CI,CI/OPS, CI/IC, FI, FI/OPS, EE 4, NEA 4, SR 4,
WE 4, S/C 2, C1, SP
TO
PRITY DIR BERN
INFO
* TELA LISB. CARA
ZURI
PRIORITY.
IN 15475
CITE
MEXI 2596
oka Pastor Daniel
Subj
Edith Frisch Halperia
may be joined
by Maurice
Halperias i
Proque
in
MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS SUSPECTED
SOVIET AGENT LEFT MEXICO CITY KLM FLIGHT 958 FOR CURACAO LISBON
of Daniel Pastor, then cancelled use of
KLM FLIGHT 722 ON 13 OCT. in nume
Pastor airy Ande of trip Zurich to Tellur
2. KLM ADVISES RESERVATIONS MADE IN NAME MR AND MRS DANIEL prob
PASTOR AND LATE ON 11 OCT CALL FROM MEXI AMERICA TRAVEL AGENCY
ADVISES PASTORS HAD CANCELLED REQUESTED SUBSTITUTE MR AND MRS
MAURICE HALPERIN.
3.
HALPERINS ON WAITING LIST SWISS AIR FROM LISBON TO
ZURICH FOR 15 OCT AND KLM ADVISES TELEPHONIC REQUEST BY "MR
PASTOR" ASKED PRICE ROUND TRIP TICKET ZURICH TO TELAVIV.
4. FC.
PROBABLE HALPERINS PLAN JOIN/ALFRED KAUFMAN AND
MARTHA DODD STERN IN PRAGUE.
RESERVATION TECHNIQUE SAME AS
be
wined by.
Alurice
aforque
HALPERIN USED WHEN HE MADE PLANS FOR STERNS FLEE TO SOVIET UNION.
5. REQUEST SURVEILLANCES WHERE POSSIBLE, REPORTS.
END OF MESSAGE
C/6 COMMENT: *RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER.
A RELAY REQUEST CN FORM 12 IS REQUIRED TO EFFECT RELAY.
_ SECRET
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED:
Copy Na
14-00000
HALPERIN, Maurice
aka FASTOR, Daniel
SUBJECT
FOLDER
201-128561
IN 15475, Mexi 2596, 18-10-58 (subj fldr) Subj & wife
American Communists suspected Soviet Agent
left Mexico City for Curacao Lisbon on
13 Oct in name of Daniel FASTOR; then
cancelled use of PASTOR; inquiry made of
trip Zurich to Tel Aviv; prob. plan join
Alfred KAUFMAN and Mrthan Dodd STERN in
Prague. Subj's wife's name - Edith Fris
HALPERIN
HMMA-12338, 11-3-59 (MALTZ, Albert subj fldr)
OVER -
HALPERIN, Edith Frisch
aka HALFERIN, Maurice Mrs.
IN 15475, Max 2596, 18-10-58 (Maurice HALPERIN subj file) :
Subj is wife of Maurice HALPERIN´
IN 34979, Maxi 3532, 21-3-59 (SEBORER, Max subj fldr).
RJ-1471, 27-3-59 (SEBORER, Max subj fldr)
NE/ISK disk raids
201-128561
14-00000
EXT
DATE
TO
ORIG
542 LB ATEZA
JENNY C CLANK
UNIT 1 WH/3/GUATIALA
. 2860
18 OCTOBER 195 542
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
FROUTING
S SCHET
FROM
DIRECTOR
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
DEFERRED
PRIORITY
CONF
ROUTINE
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
IMMEDIATE
INFO
CI, CI/OFS, CI/IC, FI, FI/OPS, SR 4. S/C 2
TO
FROM
INFO
12 MEXICO, MEXICO CITY
CITE DIR
785330
DATE OF INFO: 13-15 OCTOBER 1958
SUBJECT
2 TRAVEL OF MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFS, COMMINISTS
1. ACCORDING TO A PERSON WITH ACCESS TO TRAVEL RECORDS, WHO IS A
USUALLY RELIABLS SOURCE, MAURICE HALPERIN AND HIS WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS
WHO ARE SUSPECTED OF BEING SOVIET AGENTS, LENT MEXICO CITY VIA XLM FLIGHT 988
FOR CURACAO, AND LISBON VIA KIM FLIGHT 722 ON 13 OCTOBER.
2. THS RESERVATIONS WERE MADE IN THE NAMS OF MR. AND MRS. DANIEL PASTOR,
ON 11 OCTOBER A CALL FROM THE MEXICO-AMERICA TRAVEL AGENCY ADVISED KLM THAT
THE PASTORS HAD CANCELLED THEIR TRIP AND REQUESTED THAT KIM SUBSTITUTE MR. AND
MRS. MAURICE HALPERIN.
S
3. THE HALPERINS ARE ON A WAITING LIST OF SWISS AIR FROM LISBON TO ZURICH
FOR 15 OCTOBER. A TELEPHONIC REQUEST BY " IR. PASTOR" ASKED THE PRICE OF A
ROUND TRIP TICKET FROM ZURICH TO TELAVIV. (FIELD COMMENT. PROBABLY THE
"HALPERINS PLAN TO JOIN ALFRED KAUFHAN AND MARTHA DODD STERN IN PRAGUE. THE
RESERVATION TECHNIQUE IS THE SAME AS THE ONS HALPERIN USED WHEN HE MADE
RELEASING OFFICER
COORDINATING OFFICERS
SECRET
19 Och i
201–128561
AUTHENTICATING OFFICER
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy Na
14-00000
ORIG.
UNIT '
EXT '
DATE
FBI
TO 1
FROM 1 DIRECTOR,
CIA
CONF
INFO
TO
INFO
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
SECRET
PAGES 2
PLANS FOR THE STERN'S FLIGHT TO THE SOVIET UNION.)
FIELD DISTRIBUTION: LEGAL ATTACHE
ABOVE BASED ON MEXI 2596 ÎN 15475
END OF MESSAGE
1
ROUTING
"
S
s
3
INITIALI
DEFERRED
PRIORITY
ROUTINE
OPERATIONAL
IMMEDIATE
INITIALS
CITE DIR
OUT 85330
Pippoun
RELEASING
OFFICER
COORDINATING
OFFICERS
SECRET
n Darlin
WH
AUTHENTICATING
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
OFFICER
Copy No.
14-00000
ORIG
546 LB/ATR/L M
JUNNY CCL RE
WI/B/Guatomala
18 OCTOBER 1958
UNIT
EXT
* 2560
DATE
ΤΟ
MEXICO CITY
FROM DIRECTOR
27
LASSIFIED MESSAGE
Recrut
546
128561
ROUTING
INITIALS
DEFERRED
PRIORITY
CONF
WH 5
x ROUTINE
OPERATIONAL INITIALS
IMMEDIATE
INFO
CI, CI/OPS, FI, FI/OPS, S/C 2
.TO
MEXI
INFO
CITE DIR
HQS PASSED MEXI 2596 IN 15475 TO ODENVY. PLEASE PASS ODENVY LOCALLY.
END OF MESSAGE
CUT 5327
OUT 85327
46321
Robin. Dan
fast WED
RELEASING OFFICEE
COORDINATING
S'E CRET
OFFICERS
18.0ch. 5-8
201-128·5761
Robuton.
C/ WH/III
Давери
AUTHENTICATING OFFICEE
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED. Copy No
14-00000
DATE
•
3
345 WCJ/WC/ES
17 OCTOBER 1958
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE'
SECRET
.3
TO
•
DIRECTOR
FROM
ACTION +
INFO
MEXICO CITY
MEXICO
CI, CI/OPS, CI/IC, FI, FI/OPS, s/c 2
TO
DIR
INFO
ROUTING
4
5
6
Oct 19 16 19.58
REC'D CABLE SECT.
ROUTINE
IN 15827
CITE
MEXI 2592
1. MAURICE HALPERIN CONTACTING ANN SEBORER RE KLM FLT
TO LISBOA VIA SAN JOSE, CURACAO, CARACAS.
INTERESTED IN KNOWING
IF RESERVATIONS CAN BE OBTAINED WITH SHORT NOTICE. ANN SEBORER
ALSO CHECKED FOR CANPAC WITHOUT STOP IN UNITED STATES FOR TRIP
TO LISBOA. (LIFEAT 29 SEPT DOC).
"
2. ANN SEBORER TELLING FRIENDS OF FURNISHED APT ON CALLE
MEDELLIN FOR RENT FOR 6 MONTHS-YEAR. FC: HALPERIN LIVES AT
MEDELLIN 36 APT 9. ALSO TELLING OF GOOD BUY ON STUDEBAKER 50
VINTAGE AT 12,000 PESOS WHICH HAS HAD ONLY 1 DRIVER.
PERIN OWNS 50 STUDEBAKER.
LIFEAT DOC.
FC: HAL-
SOURCE
BOTH MAY BE MERE COINCIDENCE.
3. HALPERIN SEEING ANN SEBORER PERSONALLY ON ÅRRANGEMENTS.
ALTHOUGH PHONING FOR APPOINTMENT WITH HER.
LIFEAT B DOC.
4. HALPERIN STILL IN MEXI 8 OCT WHEN EDITH ASKED MGT
MALTZ OVER FOR COFFEE.
LIFEAT врос.
END OF MESSAGE
14 Oct 38
201-128 561
SECRET
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy Na
— DATE, A
1400000
لب
025/1570
DATE +17/07 1958
25
CLASSIFIED MESSAGE
ROUTING
.
B/
SECRET
15
ΤΟ
• DIRECTO
FROM • MEXICO CITY
ACTION
W4.5
ENFO
'
(MR. BRADY AND MR OGDEN WH DIV
NOTIFIED 0115 13 oct (5)
01,01/OPS, 01/10, FI, FI/OPS) EE, NEA 4, SR 4,
WE 4,5/2, CI, SP
53)
PRIORITY
ΤΟ
PRITY DIR BERN
TELA LISS CARA
ZURI
INFO
IN 15475
ατε
MEXI 2596
1. MAURICE HALPERIN AND WIFE, AMERICAN COMMUNISTS SUSPECTED
SOVIET AGENT LEFT MEXICO CITY KLM FLIGHT 985 FOR CURACAO LISBON
KLM FLIGHT 722 ON 13 OCT.
2. KLM ADVISES RESERVATIONS MADE IN NAME MR AND MRS DANIEL
PASTOR AND LATE ON 11 OCT CALL FROM MEXI AMERICA TRAVEL AGENCY
ADVISES PASTORS HAD CANCELLED REQUESTED SUBSTITUTE MR AND MRS
MAURICE HALPERIN.
3. HALPERINS ON WAITING LIST SWISS AIR FROM LISBON TO
ZURICH FOR 15 OCT AND KLM ADVISES TELEPHONIC REQUEST BY "MR
PASTOR" ASKED PRICE ROUND TRIP TICKET ZURICH TO TELAVIV.
4. FC. PROBABLE HALPERINS PLAN JOIN ALFRED KAUFMAN AND
MARTHA DCCD STERN IN PRAGUE.
RESERVATION TECHNIQUE SAME AS
HALPERIN USED WHEN HE MADE PLANS FOR STERNS FLEE TO SOVIET UNION.1
5. REQUEST SURVEILLANCES WHERE POSSIBLE, REPORTS.
END OF MESSAGE
C'S COMMENT: RELAY OF THIS CABLE TO TELA HAS BEEN STOPPED BY WASH SIGNAL CENTER.
A RELAY REQUEST. ON FORM 12 IS REQUIRED TO EFFECT RELAY.
st-85330 to 761
SECRET
12 Oc
330
201-128561V
REPRODUCTION BY OTHER THAN THE ISSUING OFFICE IS PROHIBITED.
Copy Na

14-00000.
TUI
HALPERIN
fee
CONTRIBLD CONTROL
7 October 1958
Directer
Fedoral Turonu of investigation
Attentions
... Thich
Deputy Director, Plains
Boodrow Wilson EAH
1. Reference is onde to our 1-3/451,004, dated li
August 1958, concerning tubject, formar un employee and a
ontact of inuri HAL Asa Plean Communist in Budden
Citr.
nizo
Sjent is now employed at the University of Califor-
2. - Forwarded for the information of your Bureau is a
photographic copy of a letter, dated 6 Jun 1968, from
Subject to this, which mentions that the Bal Faily
planned to leavo Borialsy on 30 Jine to go to Europe, via
Washingtan .. and New York City. BARU! Also mays de has
runamanded AALPWSER to the Pheyalopedia Britarmies un an.
expars en taxican statistica and econxay.
30' The letter mas obtained from a usually reliable
and highly sensitive source and shivuld not be disseminated
further.
CUCI-3/51,777
Enclosures ima letter as described above
BH/3/xico/L.hashinkos ke
Distributioni
011 - Addressce
| 1 - KI (201–223839)
1 - CI/īja
1/
1 ICT/RA
11/3/Mexico
1 H
Dased on: H MA-10532
Project: Cryptorgat |LINICHT
30 September 1958
17 Ask se
201-128561
751771
14-00000
SECRET/NOFORN
CONTINUED CONTROL
TO:
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attention: Mr. S. J. Papich
Deputy Director, Plans
SUBJECT Maurice Hyman HALVERIN
1. Reference is made to our CSCI-3/751,349, dated
4 September 1958, and to other correspondence concerning.
Subject, an American Communist in Mexico.
2. On 19 August 1958 an appointment HALPERIN had
with Narciso BASSOLS, known Soviet egent, ins changed
from 21 to 22 August, since BASSOLS would not be in
Maxico City on 21 August. On 22 August HALPERIN was
informed that BASSOLS could not see his until 25 August.
3. The above information was passed to your
representative in Mexico City. It was obtained from
a usually reliable and highly sensitive source and should
not be disseminated further.
CSCI-3/751,633
HE/3/
Distribution:
n
Orig & 1 - Addressee
✓ - RI (201-128561)
1- CI/Lia
22 September 1958.
Based on: HMM-3680
Project Cryptonym: LIFEAT
1
-
ROM/FE
1 - CI/RA
1 - WH/3/Mexico
¸1 - WH/R¨
SEE
CONTINGES CONTROL
14-00000
SECRETANGFORN
Not
Director
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Attentioni Mr. S. J. Papich
FREL
Deputy Director, Plane
SUBJECT:
Maurice Hyman ALMARIN
1.
Reference is made to our CICI-3/751,165, dated 20
August 1958, and to other correspondance concerning Subject,
an American Communist living; at Medallin #36, Apartment ŷ,
Maxico, D.F.
20
Enclosed for your information are photocopies of
the following correspondence sent to Subjects
a) Letter, postmarked 28 April 1958, from
David HALPARIN, Subject's son, a mudical
student in Chicago, Illinois, cor.cums
David's studios and his health, and
mentions that he was elected to the
student government on the Student
Reprosentative Party ticket.
b) Note, dated 3 hay 1:58, from Subject's
mother, at 824 Bluehill Avenue, Dorchester,
Massachusetts, concerns purely faally
mattors.
c) Letter, dated 9 May 1958, from Badie F.
BIPHBAUM, 9 Chaco Street, Lynnes, mscachu-
setts; gives nows of friends and relatives
of the HALPERING, including one Elinor
CULSHAN.
d) Lotter, postmarked 18 day 1958, from David
RALPH, concerns his studies and living
arrangements.
ofren
SERWET COFORN
CONTE CONTROL
COPY
دگی من بھی نہ
201-128561
14-00000
i
CENTRUL
0) Letter, Unted 29 Auril, from A. IDEFEAN, in
Santiago, Chile, indientes that HALPERN may
have asked the writer for help, possibly in
finding a job. (AAN is believed
identical with Adolfs DAN, a suspected
Consunist and former employee of the United
Nations aho is now in Argentina
and
Fanny, his wife, ware both born in the Soviet
Union, but DORTHAN is believed to be a citisea
of Argentina now.) The writer describes
himself on a "well-known and uncompromising”.
suporter of (President) FR MIZI (of
Argentina) and says that since the latter's
election triumph he (the writer) has been
"practically snowed under with requests for
assistance, advice, etc." (It is believed
that DRAN did, in fact, accept a position
as an adviser in the FE ND121 povernment.)
The letter also enclosed a hand-written note,
signed "Fanny."
f) Latter, dated 9 May 1958, from Bob and Terry
RS (aka Martin Robert RGERS and Teresa
Soracco R CES), in Venice, Italy, describes
the Italian part of the R. GERS' European tour.
Two parts of the lottor may be of significance.
First, Hts' comments on the Italian
election The CP is campaigning vigorously
and spending a lot of money. They and the
Christian Democrats are the only ones you
seon to feal. The local papers been resigned
to leftist gains, so the immediate future of
Italy will depend in large part on the
coalitions that Niall may be willing to form."
Second, his "few random notes": "Just es
many cops as in Bonito's (MUSSOLINI's) day.
U.S. missile base straddles industrial Italy.
U.5. army vehicles constantly on ligimays, in
this region (Turin-iilan-Venice)." The letter
also mentions the fact that the ROGERS were
going on to Austria and Hrussels after
completing their tour of Italy.
:
$:
SEADET
14-00000
SECRETY. FORD
CONTINUED UCHAROL
3.
g)
Lottor, dated 14 May 1958, from User LINIS,
at the University of Illinois, conOATD BORÐ
translations HALPERIN doing for LAWS.
LIS says that he has overdrawn his research
account am! HALTERIN to take this into
account when computing his bill for the
translation.
Is also says that he is
hoping to to able to visit Maxico the first
two weeks in June.
This correspondence was obtained from a usually
reliable and highly sensitive source and should not be dissem
inated further.
0501-3/751,683
Enclosures 7 lettore as described above
-
WH/3/Maxico/L.Washinko: ke
Distribution:
Orig & 1 - Addresses
24 September 1958
-
RI (201-128561)
1
-
CI/Lia
1
-
CI/ICD
1- CI/R&A
1- WH/3/Mexico
Based on:
1
-
WH/R
HMMA-10320
HMMA-10321
Project Cryptonym: LIBIGHT
201-128561
4-00000
10
PO
201-12856
DISPATCH
Chief, WH Division
FROM
ས་་་་
Chief of Station, Mexico City
SECHET
American Communists in Naxico
ALPINE SECURED
GORENG MARIAN_SERVICE.
MICROFILMED:
1004-A-11154
50-4-120-1
J
1 October 1958
21 4)) (CHECK ONE)
MARFED FOR INDERING
NO INDEXING REQUIRED
INDERING CAN
JUDGED
BY QUALIFIED NO DESE ONLY
HIRM
MXI-2334
MEXI-2342
(Lear)
1. Following an order issued by the President of Mexico on 6 September 1958 for
enforcement of Article 33 of the Constitution a round-up was made in Mexico City of
American Communists and other foreigners, allegedly Communista, currently residing here
both as tourists and inmigrantes or inmigrados.
2. Among the first Americans to be picked up and who were the only ones actually
to leave due to this onder vere: Bernard BLAGENHEIM, John BRIGHT and Allen LEWIS..
(226-37729)
3. Bernard LASEME DM entered Mexico in 1950 with "Inmigrante" status and
currently enjoyed status as a "Inmigrado" here. U. 3. Ambassador Robert Cl
received a call on 7 September 1953 from former Senator George LENDER of Ohio requesting
that he intercede for Mr. BLAGENFEIN who was being detained by Mexican authorities.
According to local newspapers William O'DWYER, former U. 3. Ambassador to Mexico, was
requested by a phone call from New York. to intercede for BLASHHEIM with local
authorition. O'DWYER's office was unable to secure an "amparo" for BLASENHEIM.
BLAGENHEIM was.deported from Mexico, arriving in San Antonio, Texas on American
Airlines flt. 690 on 11 September 1958. (ODINCH) Ambassador Hill advised (former) Senator
RENDER that he could not intercede that the procedure was completely legal (by Mexican
law) and advised Mr. DENDER to check into BLASENHEIM's background. Mr. BENDER withdrew
his request, said he did not know BLASENHEIM; had had a call from New York
2016369
4. John BRIGHT, entered Mexico as a student immigrant originally but in March
1955 his statug was chinaged to that of a "technical immigrant" retroactive to October
12:4. BRIGHT had not yet attained "inmigrado" status. When picked up BRIGHT was
Incarcated at Miguel Schulz 15 in solitary confinement (LIFEAT). He was deported
from Nexicon the flight HLASENHEIM.
47457.
5. for allege. The been an instructor at the National University of
Mexben, had tus in Medico. He was picked up by persons claiming to
comme un olyanñefon during the night of 6 September 1950 and taken from his home in
Coyome to Che Detention Center at Miguel Schulz 135. Mrs. Brooke LEW13, wife of
Dr. 18 contrated the U. S. Embassy in an offort to ascertain the reason for his
deportation on 9 September 1958. Dr. LEWIS called his wife from San Antonio on 9.
September and stated that he and Mr. BLASENHEM had been brought to San Antonio by the
Mexten authoritico. (Interview with Mrs. LEWIS by a U. 8. Embassy official, 9
September 1954).
Durling the drive by Mexican authorities the following Americans were picked
held and released after period varying from several hours to several daysı
201-128367
A. Non EBORER authorities went to his home on September but vero.
unable to loence him there: He appeared voluntarily for a cheak of his documents
and van devalued at the Detention Center on September. As a naturalized citizen
of the he could not be returned to the U. 3. without documentation and no
documentation other than his Mexican "red book" was provided to the Mexican
authorities. He was released on 12 September 1950. (LIFEAT)
1 B. Elizabeth Catlett deMORA = picked up but released after short detention.
he is parried to a Mexican citizen.
2017-52557
C. Lan ADOMIAN - picked up on 9 September 1950 (LIFEAT). ADCMIAY is a
Russian-born naturalized American who entered Mexico as a U. S. citizen but
ught Immigration papers in Mexico as a Spaniard in view of his claim to Spanish
tizenship, having been a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade during the
U'A ET VOUS EDITION
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Spanish Civil War. He enjoys immigrant status in Mexico.
2012053
D. Martin ROVERGAARD, who is deported from the U. S. in 1950 as an undesirable
_ alien, was another of the group who was picked up during this drive.
by the Mexicans as a Dane...
He is listed
7. It is interesting to note that Excelsior, a reputable Mexican newspaper,
commented that the major portion of group being detained were "pro-Soviet U. 3.
citizons, Europeans now naturalized Americans and some from Central and South America."
8. LINED-1 reported that as of 11 September 1958 the American Communists in Mexico
expected the arrests to cease very shortly. From LIFEAT it was learned that consternation
existed among the group and that they had scattered to various places, in and around
Mexico, after the first onslaught by the local authorities.
9. According to various newspaper articles the following persons were marked for
detention if they could do located:
•
A. Ralph SCOTT, former Alfred K. *STERN chauffeur and currently handling
the STERN residence in Cuernavaca (LIMOUSINE reported that SCOTT was in Cuernavaca.
on 21 September 1958. This station is not avare SCOTT a Communist but he is loyal
to the STERNS - see various letters to and from Alfred K. and Martha Dodd STERN
(in Prague)).
2014102553
B. Max SHLAFROCK - he and his family are in New York City now and have deen
there for several months.
3557
_ C. Paul STEVENSON (aka Pablo O'HIGGINS), lover of Martha Dodd STERN_and_
painter. Known to associate with members of the Satellite diplomatic installations
as well as with the Soviets. Es been attempting to regularize his status in
Mexico.
D..
- 301-125767
Frederick Vanderbilt *FIELD "innigrado" in Mexico and presently married
to Nieves FILLETT (former wife of James TILLET) by whom he has a child born in
summer 1958.
207-28561
E. Maurice MALPERIN- he and his wife left their residence on first hearing
of the pick-ups. His son, David and family remained in their residence however.
(LIFEAT)
F. Gray Dayton
is small chicken farm in Ixtapalapa, suburb of
Mexico City et last report. As American by birth and married to a Guatemalan
Communist who was active in organizing cannerica on West Coast of U. S.
reportedly is ill. Has been grante" since April 1955 in Mexico.
BEMIS
G. Albert ALTZ, one of the "Hollywood Ten." Local authorities are avare
that MALTZ and family are in the United States at this time but were afraid that
subject should re-enter Mexico under on assumed name. MALAZ is an "inaigrado."
The papers also mentioned that Helen SOBELL, wife of Morton "SOBELL, of the
Rosenberg case, who is now in the Federal Penitentiary at Atlanta, Georgia, had
•been staying at the HALTE reisence during the time she was in Nexico (She departed
Mexico on 10 September 1965 voluntarily.)
H. John
(believed to be identical with Joseph RASKOB, painter).
"Inmigrante" in Mexico. If Joseph RASKOB is the one meant, he is believed to be
in the U. S. A. exhibiting paintings. Reported as detained but no information
that this was 30.
Jots
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1 October 1958
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BY QUALIFIED NO DESE ONLY
I.
Lini Fuhr ESTOUMEN reported to have been detained but this was never
verified.
J.
....
Felix SAUNDERS (husbound of STOUMEN)
this never verified.
-
reported to have been detained but
10. During all the time that the pick-ups were occurring Carmen CARRASCO Molino,
who acted as intermediary for Helen BOBELL with Lic. Luis SANCHEZ Ponton was busy.
at the MALTZ residence making attempts to gather funds with which to force the Mexican
authorities to rescind the pick-up orders and to help the American Communists_as_a
group in efforts to solidify their status in Mexico.
7.11.
-
Apparently the papers of the people who were deported as wall as those who
vere picked up were correct so for no technicalities were concerned.
GFB/cps
26 September 1958
Distribution:
3 Hos
5 - Files
FORM
633
USE PREVIOUS ENTION.
PLACES FORMS
35 70 31 254 AND 5729
CLASSIFICATION
WHICH ARE OFTEN
Thelard works
Hillard C. CURTIS
50-4-20
"Oct. 58
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