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DDO INSTRUCTION
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3. DEFINITIONS
Within the context of this instruction, the definitions listed below will apply.
Special note must be taken of the fact that the key term “operational use"
employed throughout this instruction has been defined in the most succinct
manner consistent with clarity. It has not been feasible, however, to cover in
a definition the entire scope of possible variations in operational circumstances
which may be encountered in DDO activities. The definition of “operational
use" is intended to provide guidance for the majority of cases, and must be
employed with responsible operational judgment. Issues involving a deter-
mination of “operational use" which cannot be resolved with reasonable as-
surance by the responsible operating components will be referred to the
Deputy Director for Operations for decision.
a. Operational Use
Operational use is interpreted to mean the recruitment, utilization, or train-
ing of any individual or group for DDO purposes on either a witting or
unwitting basis by or on the behalf of an element of the Operations Direc-
torate. Utilization is made of an individual or group whenever that in-
dividual or group, responding to the direction or solicitation of a DDO
element, provides information, performs services, provides cover, or supplies
financial, material, or other support necessary for the accomplishment of
DDO operational objectives either directly or indirectly, to or for an ele-
ment of the Operations Directorate.
b. DDO Element
Any person or group who or which is responsible to, owned or controlled
either directly or indirectly by the Operations Directorate. Included under
this definition are employees or members of Agency proprietary mech-
anisms.
c. Operational Contact
Any association having as its purpose the initiation or furtherance of DDO
operations.
4. RESTRICTIONS ON OPERATIONAL USE
a. Restrictions on the operational use of individuals or groups are of four types
and cover twenty five separate categories as outlined below and as described
in greater detail in paragraphs 5 through 8 of this instruction:
(1) Operational Use is Prohibited (see paragraph 5):
(a) Members and trainees of ACTION;
(b) Fulbright grantees;
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(c) Officials or employees of the International Association for Cultural
Freedom;
(d) Officials, employees, or grantees of the Ford, Rockefeller and)
Carnegie Foundations;
(e) Employees of US private detective investigative agencies.
(2) Operational Use Requires Special Extra-Agency Concurrence (see
paragraph 6): AND APPROVAL OF SA/ADDO,
(a) Employees of other U.S. Government agencies;]
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(b): DDO agents or assets in the United States;
(c), Agents and human sources of foreign intelligence registered by
other U.S. agencies;
(d). Citizens (or persons documented as citizens) of Australia, Canada,
the United Kingdom (including its overseas dependent territories)!
i and New Zealand; _
(e) Citizens of Norway, West Germany and The Netherlands;!
(f) Merchant seamen on ships of certain countries.
(3) Operational Use Requires Special Approval by the DDO (see para-
graph171)
(a) Publishers, producers, journalists or employees of public infor
I mation media;
(b) CARE employees; 1
(c) Individuals engaged in public relations activities;
(d) Officials, representatives, or employees of Communist countries'
in the United States;
(e) Foreign delegates or employees of the United Nations assigned
in the U.S. and U.S. citizen delegates or employees wherever
assigned;
(f) "Staff members or officials of Red Cross societies; 1
(g) [Officials of the Vatican State;
(h) U.S. Government-funded professors, lecturers, students or grantees; "
(i) [Members of educational or private voluntary organizations; i
(j) Officials or employees of the African-American Institute;}
(k) Volunteers to America.]
(4) Operational Use Requires Approval by Chief of Area Division (see
paragraph 8):
(a) Citizens or alien residents of the U.S. in denied areas;:)
(b) Non-U.S. citizen delegates or employees of United
∙ganizations not assigned in the U.S.;
(c) Members of the academic community.
b. Operational use of an individual who comes under more than one type of
restriction will be controlled by the highest type of restriction applicable
in his particular case.
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5. OPERATIONAL USE PROHIBITED
a. Members and Trainees of ACTION
(1) It is Agency policy that members and trainees (of ACTION) will not be
used in any capacity, with or without remuneration, by the Agency
or by organizations under its jurisdiction. (The term "members of AC-
{TION” will be understood to mean anyone employed by or associated
with ACTION except trainees.)]
(2) It is Agency policy that former members of ACTION may be em-
ployed or used by the Agency or by organizations under its jurisdiction
only in accordance with the following:
(a) Except as stated in (b) below, a former member of ACTION]
may be employed or used operationally by any element of the
Agency only if a period of five full years has elapsed since his
separation from ACTION.)
(b) An Agency-controlled organization may hire a former member of
ACTION, but only for duties related to the overt purposes of such
organization, if a period of at least.twenty-four months has elapsed:
since his separation from ACTION.
(c) The employment or use of a former member of ACTION under
the provisions of subparagraph (a) or (b) above must have the
specific prior approval of the Deputy Director for Operations.
(3) Former trainees whose ACTION service included duty or training over-
seas are subject to the rules governing employment or use of former
(members of ACTION (subparagraph (2) above). Former trainees who
did not serve at any time as members of ACTION and whose (ACTION)
service did not include duty or training overseas may be employed or
used operationally by DDO elements provided the specific prior ap-
proval of the Deputy Director for Operations is obtained.
(4) A former member or trainee of ACTION whose employment or use
is permitted by subparagraph (2) or (3) above may not be assigned
to or used in a country for which he had been trained or to which
he had been assigned while with ACTION
:
(5) Information may be received by the Domestic Collection Division
from private corporations and other organizations employing former
ACTION personnel, notwithstanding the fact that the information may
originate with former ACTION personnel. However, any direct brief-
ing or debriefing of or contact with former members or trainees of
(ACTION is subject to the following:
(a) The specific prior approval of the Deputy Director for Operations
must be obtained.
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(b) If the individual is a former member of ACTION, or a former
trainee whose ACTION service included duty or training over-
seas, five years must have elapsed since his separation from
ACTION.
If contact with a former ACTION member or a former trainee whose
"ACTION service included duty or training, overseas should be un-
avoidable during the required five year, waiting period, the Deputy
Director for Operations may request an exception from the Director
of Central Intelligence. Among the possible reasons for such unavoid-
able contact would be the designation of a former member or trainee
as the liaison officer to the Domestic Collection Division.
b. Fulbright Grantees
DDO policy prohibits the operational use of individuals who are receiving
U.S. Government support under certain provisions (see below) of the
Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, as amended,
commonly known as the Fulbright-Hays Act. Falling under this prohibi-
tion are ſteachers, research scholars, lecturers and students (including stu-
(dent artists and student musicians) who have been selected to receive
scholarships for grants by the Board of Foreign Scholarships appointed
by the President of the United States. Operational use of such individuals
is prohibited only during the period when they are participating in the
educational and cultural exchange program. This prohibition specifically
does not apply to the several other categories of grantees supported by
other provisions of the Fulbright-Hays Act such as artists, athletes, leaders,
specialists or participants at international trade fairs or expositions who
do not come under the aegis of the President's Board of Foreign Scholar-
ships (see 7.j., below).
c. Officials or Employees of the International Association for Cultural Freedom
DDO policy prohibits the operational use of the officials or employees
of the "International Association for Cultural Freedom. Contacts with such
individuals which DDO officers are obliged to make in their cover ca-
pacities must be limited to their cover assignments.
d. Officials, Employees, or Grantees of the Ford Rockefeller and Carnegie
Foundations
DDO policy prohibits the operational use of grantees of the Ford Founda-
tion, the Rockefeller Foundation or the Carnegie Foundation or of other
persons actively participating in programs which are wholly sponsored
and controlled by any of these foundations Additionally, there will be
no operational use made of the officials or employees of these organiza-
tions. In general, however, there is no restriction on nonoperational con-
tacts or consultations with such individuals.
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e. Employees of U.S. Private Detective Investigative Agencies)
DDO policy prohibits the operational use either in the United States
or overseas of the employees of any U.S.-owned or controlled private)
detective investigative agency. This policy does not apply to operational
use of employees of organizations which are engaged strictly in commercial
or credit investigations.)
6. EXTRA-AGENCY CONCURRENCE REQUIRED
a. Employees of Other U.S. Government Agencies)
Approval for the operational use of staff or contract (including foreign)
employees of other U.S. Government agencies will be granted only in
cases where the employee's parent agency in Washington has been notified
of and has approved of the intended operational use in accordance with
the provisions of DOI 10-5.
b. DDO Agents or Assets in the United States:
In accordance with the agreement existing between the Federal Bureau
of Investigation and this Agency, the restrictions listed below apply to
the operational activity of the Operations Directorate conducted in the
United States. Coordination with the FBI of appropriate information on
DDO operational activities in the United States is the responsibility of
the Chief, Liaison Group, Operations Staff.
(1) All investigations by this Agency of foreign officials in the United
States require the prior concurrence of the FBI. In this context, the
term "investigation" means systematic and direct inquiries or pro-
cedures (such as physical or technical surveillances or neighborhood
inquiries) aimed at developing information concerning an individual's
activities or background; "investigation" does not include the ac-
ceptance or the development of information through social contacts
or contacts normally made by Agency officials in discharging their
cover functions.
(2) Any approach in the United States by a DDO element for recruit-
ment of any foreign official or of any visitor from a Communist country)
requires the prior concurrence of the FBI.
(3) Any planned meeting in the United States for assessment and social
development between a DDO element and a foreign official of known
or presumed interest to the FBI or between a DDO element and an
official or visitor from a Communist country requires that prior noti-/
fication be provided to the FBI/
(4) Whenever domestic DDO operations involve matters pertaining to
the national security of the United States, appropriate identification
of persons engaged in the operations in the United States will be
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provided to the FBI. In accordance with this policy, the following
categories of DDO assets will be identified to the FBI: DDO per-
( sonnel, agents of the Operations Directorate who are either U.S. citizens
or alien residents, and foreign agents of the Operations Directorate
recruited abroad who come to the United States for operational
purposes.
Agents and Human Sources of Foreign Intelligence (Registered by Other
GUS. Agencies
The Interagency Source Register (ISR) has been established at head-
quarters to provide for United States Intelligence Board (USIB) agencies
(a centralized record of agents and human sources of foreign intelligence.
A principal purpose of the ISR is to register primacy of interest and)
prevent multiple recruitment or unintentional duplicate operational use
of such agents and human sources. It is USIB policy that no individual
( registered in the ISR by one USIB agency will be used for operational pur-
poses by any other USIB agency without the specific prior approval of the
agency having primacy of interest. If a DDO element desires to arrange the
transfer or joint operational use of a registered individual, the ISR will con-
tact the agency having primacy of interest to determine whether there is a
willingness to discuss this matter.
d. Citizens for Persons Documented as Citizens) of Australia, Canada, the
United Kingdom (including its Overseas Dependent Territories) and
(New Zealand
(1) The operational use of citizens of the above-named countries (includ-
(ing the overseas dependencies of the United Kingdom) is restricted
by agreements with the intelligence or security authorities of such
countries, which require the prior approval of the appropriate liaison
authority. Such approval will be obtained at the earliest feasible stage
of development through the European Division (in the case of citizens
of Canada or the United Kingdom), or through the East Asia Division
(in the case of Australian or New Zealand citizens).]
(2) The above restriction also governs the use of false documentation
representing DDO staff or agent personnel as citizens of the above-
(named countries. Approval for the use of such documentation will
be sought through the same channels as stated in subparagraph (1)
above. ☐
(3) Authority to make operational use of the persons or documentation
described in the above subparagraphs without obtaining the prior
approval of the liaison authority concerned may be granted only
by the Deputy Director for Operations or by the Director.
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e. Citizens of Norway, West Germany and The Netherlands
The operational use of any citizen of Norway, West Germany or The
(Netherlands is, under certain conditions, contingent on prior approval
of the national intelligence service concerned These countries are par-
ticularly sensitive in cases involving the operational use of their citizens
who are merchant seamen and who are (serving on ships carrying their
flags. Each case involving the proposed operational use of a citizen of
one of these countries will be reviewed by the Chief of the European
Division in the light of the agreements existing between this Agency and
the national intelligence service concerned. After weighing all of the
equities, the Chief of the European Division will decide whether approval
is required from the national intelligence service concerned. When re-
quired, approvals for the operational use of such individuals will be
obtained from the appropriate national intelligence services by the Euro-
pean Division.
f. Merchant Seamen on Ships of Certain Countries
The operational use of merchant seamen, regardless of their citizenship;
who are serving on ships) carrying the flags of Australia, Canada, the
United Kingdom (or its overseas dependencies), New Zealand, Norway,
West Germanyzor The Netherlands is, under certain conditions, subject
to provisions of the agreements existing between this Agency and the
(national intelligence service concerned. Each case involving the proposed
operational use of such a merchant seaman will be reviewed by the Chief
of the European Division or the Chief of the East Asia Division, as ap-
propriate, in the light of the pertinent interservice agreements. After
weighing all of the equities, the Chief of the European Division or the
Chief of the East Asia Division will determine the course of action to
be taken with regard to the national intelligence service concerned.
7. APPROVAL BY THE DDO REQUIRED
Approval by the Deputy Director for Operations for the operational use
of any individual who falls into one of the categories described in this para-
graph will be requested by memorandum. The individual's covert approval
status will be described in the memorandum to the Deputy Director for
Operations, together with a concise explanation of the intended operational
use. (In connection with this paragraph, contacts by the Domestic Collection
Division with individuals or firms do not require approval by the Deputy
Director for Operations provided they constitute merely briefing or de-
briefing for the purpose of obtaining information acquired by an individua!
or representative of a firm in the course of his normal activities. If, however,
in any case the contact is on behalf of another element of the Operations
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Directorate or another agency; or if an individual or firm will be requested
to perform an operational task or to deviate from his or its normal pattern
of activity; or if the activity, even though consistent with the individual's
or firm's normal pattern of activity, will take place because requested or
funded by the Domestic Collection Division; that case will be subject to
the requirement for approval by the Deputy Director for Operations.)
a. Publishers, Producers, Journalists, or Employees of Public Information:
Media (see DOI 240-6)
(1) Operational use of publishers or producers of public information media
requires prior approval by the Deputy Director for Operations whenever
there is danger that such activity might serve in any way (to influence)
U.S. public opinion. Such activities include but are not limited to the
publishing of books, newspapers, or magazines, the making of films,
the production of TV or radio programs or the issuance in the United
States of any public opinion influencing information media. The op-
erational use abread of publishers or producers of public information
media for non-U.S. audiences does not require approval by the Deputy
Director for Operations even though such activities may have some
unintended and unsolicited fallout in the United States.
(2) Approval by the Deputy Director for Operations is also required prior
to the operational use of journalists, newspaper, TV, radio, or news
service correspondents or stringers, and employees of news media
including TV and radio stations, whenever the individual is a U.S.
citizen or when the news medium involved is under U.S. ownership
or control.
b. CARE Employees
It is DDO policy to avoid operational use of employees of the CARE /
organization including indigenous employees. Exceptional individual cases
involving priority operational objectives will be considered on their merits.
Prior approval by the Deputy Director for Operations will be required
in all cases.
c. Individuals Engaged in Public Relations Activities (see DOI 50-18)
Individuals engaged in public relations activities which in any way have
or seek to have an influence on public opinions in the United States are
considered to be in a separate sensitive category. In view of the peculiar
aspects of public relations activity, including the special requirements of
the Foreign Agents Registration Act, approval by the Deputy Director
for Operations is required prior to the operational use in a public relations)
capacity of any individual who is engaged in public relations activities)
and who is located in or operating into the United States.
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d. Officials, Representatives, or Employees of Communist Countries in the
United States (see DOI 60-11)
Prior approval of the Director or the Deputy Director for Operations is
required for operational contact in the United States with or operational
use of officials, representatives, or employees of the USSR, its satellite
countries, Communist China, or any other country under Communist
contro If, while in the United States, such individual is to be investigated,
approached for recruitment, or contacted for operational purposes, the prior
concurrence of the FBI will also be required in accordance with para-
graph b., above.
NATIONS
e. Delegates or Employees of the United States
It is DDO policy that the operational use of delegates or employees of
the United Nations, including those of its various main organs and of
its related intergovernmental agencies, is of such sensitivity as to require
special consideration by the Deputy Director for Operations. In especially
worthwhile cases wherein operational use of a particular (UN) individual
is deemed essential for the accomplishment of the DDO mission, approval
may be obtained. In each case involving a non-U.S. citizen assigned in
the U.S. or a U.S. citizen wherever assigned, the prior approval of the
Deputy Director for Operations will be required. (See paragraph 8.b.
regarding use of non-U.S. citizen delegates or employees, not assigned
in the U.S.) If, while in the United States, the UN individual is to be
investigated, approached for recruitment, or contacted for operational pur-
poses, the prior concurrence of the FBI may also be required as outlined
in paragraph 6.b., above.
f. Staff Members or Officials of Red Cross Societies/
The operational use of staff members or officials of the International Red.
* Cross or its affiliated national Red Cross, Red Crescent, or other equivalent
societies requires special consideration and prior approval by the Deputy
Director for Operations. DDO elements should make every effort to avoid
the operational use of staff members or officials of Red Cross societies. How-
ever, when especially high priority objectives are at stake and alternative
agent assets are not available, approval for the use of such individuals may ..
be granted by the Deputy Director for Operations.
g. Officials of the Vatican State}
Operational contact with officials of the Vatican State will be made only
with the prior approval of the Deputy Director for Operations. Operational
use of Vatican officials will be contingent on prior approval by the Deputy
Director for Operations.
h. U.S. Government Funded Professors, Lecturers, Students or Grantees
U.S. or foreign professors, lecturers or students and other persons partici-
pating in U.S. Government-sponsored academic, cultural, athletic or other
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exchange programs (except certain Fulbright grantees see paragraph 5.b.,
above) are considered to be in a separate sensitive category. Operational
use of such individuals while they are actively participating in an exchange
program funded by the US. Government requires special consideration
and approval by the Deputy Director for Operations prior to such use. In
certain especially worthwhile cases wherein the operational use of a par-
ticular U.S. Government supported exchangee is considered essential to
the accomplishment of the DDO mission, the Deputy Director for Opera-
tions may grant approval. Memoranda requesting such approval will be
forwarded through the Chief, Foreign Resources Division. In such cases the
Deputy Director for Operations will determine whether or not to seek the
concurrence of the U.S. Government sponsor.)
L. Members of Educational or Private Voluntary Organizations
(1) It is U.S. Government policy that no federal agency shall provide any
covert financial assistance or support, direct or indirect, to any of the
nation's educational or private voluntary organizations. This policy.
applies to all foreign as well as domestic activities of such organiza
tions. In compliance with the above proscription, DDO policy requires.
the most careful scrutiny of all cases involving operational contact with
U.S. educational or private voluntary organizations including trade and
(professional organizations. The operational use of any employee, staff
member or official of such an organization requires prior approval by
the Deputy Director for Operations. The Deputy Director for Opera-
tions will determine whether or not to seek extra-Agency approval for
the conduct of such operations.
(2) Operational use including covert funding abroad of foreign-based
(international voluntary organizations and the personnel thereof is per-
mitted even if the organization is also funded by U.S. private voluntary]
organizations.
j. Officials or Employees of the African-American Institute
Operational use of the officials or employees of the African-American
Institute requires prior approval of the Deputy Director for Operations.
Contacts with such individuals which DDO officers are obliged to make in
their cover capacities will not involve operational matters until the approval
of the Deputy Director for Operations has been secured.
k. Volunteers to America
Operational use of or operational contact with members of Volunteers to
America while they are on assignment in the United States will not be
made without the prior approval of the Deputy Director for Operations.
Volunteers to America are participants in programs established by various
foreign countries in collaboration with the Department of State as a
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counterpart to the U.S. Peace Corps. Such volunteers are sent to the U.S.
for a period of service in schools and community development programs.
The name of the organization may vary by country.
8. OPERATIONAL USE REQUIRES APPROVAL BY CHIEF OF AREA
DIVISION
Operational use of any individual in the categories listed in this paragraph
is considered of such sensitivity as to require special consideration and ap-
proval by the appropriate Area Division Chief. This authority may not be
delegated. The request for approval will be by memorandum in which the
individual's covert approval status will be described, together with a concise
explanation of the intended operational use.
a. Citizens or Alien Residents of the U.S. Used in Denied Areas: (see
DOI 50-19).
The operational use in denied areas of U.S. citizens, or of aliens who have
been admitted for permanent residence or have resided for a prolonged
period in the U.S., requires the prior approval of the Chief of the Area
Division under whose jurisdiction the intended use is to take place.
b. Non-U.S. Citizen Delegates or Employees of the United Nations not As-
signed in the U.S.
The operational use of non-U.S. citizen delegates or employees of the
United Nations who are not assigned in the U.S. requires the prior ap-
proval of the Chief of the Area Division under whose jurisdiction the in-
tended use is to take place.
c. Members of the Academic Community
}
(1) Within the context of this instruction a member of the academic com-
munity is defined as: any student, faculty member, administrative
officer or staff official of a college, university or similar institution of
higher learning including their associated research centers. Persons
associated with institutions such as police or military training centers
(except the four college-level military service academies) or under-
going specialized technical training with business or commercial firms
are not considered to be members of the academic community.
(2) Operational use of members of the academic community, especially
those cases wherein an individual is to be made witting of Agency
interest, will be on a highly selective basis. Each case will be examined
to ascertain its essentiality to the DDO mission in terms of the price
of possible disclosure, and to ensure that proper security procedures
can be observed. When it has been determined that the operational
use of a member of the academic community as defined above is
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operationally feasible and without suitable alternative, prior approval
in the following cases will be obtained as indicated below:
(a) Any U.S. citizen who is a member of the academic community.
and who is associated in any way with any U.S. or foreign college,
university or similar institution of higher learning;
Offical
(b) Any non-U.S. citizen who is a member of the academic community
and who is associated in any way with any U.S.-owned or U.S.-
affiliated college, university or similar institution of higher learn. DDO
ing which is located either in the United States or abroad.
If the individual is located in the United States, approval will
quested by memorandum to the Chief, Foreign Resources Division.
The memorandum will include a statement that the individual is, or
is not, a DCD asset or contact, and in the event he is will include
the concurrence of the Chief, Domestic Collection Division. If the in-
dividual is located outside the United States, approval will be requested
by memorandum to the Chief of the Area Division who has jurisdiction
over the area concerned. Operational use of foreign members of the
(academic community who are not associated in any way with U.S.-
owned or U.S-affiliated institutions of higher learning is also con-
sidered sensitive.. The operational use of such individuals also requires
the approval of the Chief of the Area Division. In any case involving
a well known person or having special security implications, the
Division Chief to whom the request is referred under the above pro-
visions will consult with the DDO and obtain the latter's approval.
(3) The provisions of paragraph (2) do not apply to Domestic Collection
Division contacts with members of the academic community, but such
contacts are subject to the following requirements:
(a) If a member of the academic community) would be asked to per-
form an operational task or to alter his normal pattern of activity
in order to serve Agency purposes, prior approval of the Chief, -
Domestic Collection Division is required. Additionally, if such an
individual will be in a foreign area, the concurrence of the Chief
of the Area Division concerned will be obtained.
(b) Prior concurrence will be obtained from the appropriate Area
Division Chief if an individual is to be utilized in a politically
sensitive area where his presence or activities could potentially
embarrass the interests of the U.S. Government.
the United States, approval will be re-offe
(c) The requirements of paragraph S.a. apply if a citizen or alien
resident of the United States would be used in a denied area.
(4) At the end of each calendar year, Chiefs of Divisions will submit a
report to the Deputy Director for Operations (via Chief, Foreign
Resources Division) on the number of individuals recruited from the
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academic community during that year. This audit will permit the DDO *
to keep abreast of major quantitative changes in the number of po-
tentially sensitive operational cases in each Division.
(5) It should be noted that the provisions of this paragraph do not apply
to DDO employees who wish to study or teach privately. Approval for.❤
such activity will be obtained in accordance with the provisions of
HR 10-7.
•
9. INDIVIDUAL CHANGES OF STATUS OR CATEGORY
When an individual undergoes a change of status which places him in one of
the restricted categories described above, or transfers him from one category
to another, his operational use or continued operational use is contingent upon
approval or reapproval as prescribed for his new status.
10. INTERPRETATION OR MODIFICATION OF RESTRICTIONS
.
Certain of the policy restrictions described in this instruction are subject to
interpretation, extension or modification by the Deputy Director for Opera-
tions depending on the conditions and the atmosphere for DDO operations
at any particular time. Especially when dealing on the edges of policy rulings
and within the guidelines set forth herein, particular heed should be paid to
the price of disclosure, including careful consideration of the sensitivities of
the individuals involved. When there is any doubt concerning the application
of these restrictions, guidance should be obtained from the Deputy Director
for Operations.
William E. Nelson
Deputy Director for Operations
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