JFK Assassination System
Identification Form
Date:
6/24/201
Agency Information
AGENCY: ARMY
RECORD NUMBER:
198-10007-10002
RECORD SERIES:
CALIFANO PAPERS
AGENCY FILE NUMBER:
ORIGINATOR:
FROM:
Document Information
ARMY
JOSEPH A. CALIFANO, JR.
GENERAL KRULAK
ΤΟ :
TITLE:
CUBA AS A BASE FOR SUBVERSION
Released under the John F. Kennedy
Assassination Records Collection Act of
1992 (44 USC 2107 Note). Case#:NW
88608 Date: 03-18-2025
DATE:
PAGES:
02/14/1963
139
SUBJECTS:
CUBAN SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
DOCUMENT TYPE:
CLASSIFICATION:
PAPER, TEXTUAL DOCUMENT
Secret.
RESTRICTIONS:
CURRENT STATUS:
DATE OF LAST REVIEW:
OPENING CRITERIA:
1C; 4
Redact
02/10/1998
COMMENTS:
Califano Papers, Box 1. Transmittal of report entitled "Cuba as a Base for Subversion" from Califano
to Krulak.
Department of the Army EO 13528
☑Declassify ☐ Exclude ☐ Exempt
Authority
☐ Refer To.
Review Date 12AUG15 By
v9.1
15
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 1
NO STATE OBJECTION
TO DECLASSIFICATION
BY
DATE 01/14/16
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
WASHINGTON, D.C.
14 February 1963
MEMORANDUM FOR GENERAL KRULAK:
This book will have to be held by you
on an EYES ONLY basis.
The 1700 meeting with Mr. Yarmolinsky
will be held in Mr. Vance's office.
Да
Joseph A. Califano, Jr.
Special Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
Attachment
75855
Room
35733
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 2
い
GENERAL
11Tii:ES
SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM
-pu
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CUBA AS A BASE FOR SUBVERSION
SNIE 85.4 62 (9 Nov 62)
PROPAGANDA
4
5
7
FUNDS
Prensa Latina and Printed Material
Havane's International Broadcasting
Personal Contact
U.S. Counter Effort
Sole Report of Evidence
Reports of Cuban Funds for Subversion
TRAINING
Summary Report of Treining in Cuba
Program
Travel for Training
Activities Upon Return from Cuba
Miscellaneous
ARMS SHIPMENTS
FROM CUBA
Methods of Operation
Reports of Arms Smuggling
COMMUNICATIONS
Electronic Communications
Documents
Couriers
SABOTAGE
Reports of Sabotage
Terrorist Activities
COMMUNIST ORGANIZATION FOR LATIN AMERICA
Cuban Relationships and Policles
Soviet Activities and Conflicts
Situation Reports
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 3
WP.
2
WNP
1
2
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
12
V PWNH
1
Next Attached
TAB
Fw 19
UNCLASSIFI
CUBVERSION
AR WA
Actions, which may or may not be inimical to
U.S. interests, designed to undermine the military, economie, psycho-
logical, morale, or political strength of a constituted government.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 4
UNCLASSIFIED
SECRET
i
१. Nov 1962,
SNIE 85-4-62
CASTRO'S SUBVERSIVE
CAPABILITIES IN LATIN
AMERICA
THE PROBLEM
To describe and evaluate Castro's capabilities, with Soviet help,
for carrying out subversion and sabotage in Latin America after
satisfaction of all US conditions relative to the withdrawal of
strategic weapons systems from Cuba and a consequent US com-
mitment not to invade.
NOTE: In this estimate we have considered Castro's raw capabilities,
taking note of, but not working out in detail, US and Latin
American capabilities for counteraction.
SUMMARY
A. The dangerously unstable situation that prevails through-
out much of Latin America is the product of fundamental in-
equities and historic circumstances; it is not the creation of :
Castro and the Soviets. Castro's efforts, with Soviet help to
exploit this situation by means of subversion and sabotage have
not produced significant results. Propaganda exploitation of
Castro and Cuba as symbols of revolution has probably been more
effective to date than other subversive activities. Castres in-
fluence in Latin America had waned by the time of the missile
base crisis and was further reduced by the revelation that he
had accepted Soviet strategic missile bases on Cuban soil and
by the manner of the Soviet decision to withdraw them.
B. Implementation of an agreement between the US and the
USSR whereby the strategic weapons systems would be with-
drawn and the US committed not to intervene in Cuba with force
will leave Castro with a new immunity and a greater freedom
SECRET
}
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 5
SECRET
for subversive actions throughout Latin America. The extent
to which this potential is realized will depend upon the situation
in Cuba, Soviet policy toward Cuba, and the policies and perform-
ance of the other Latin American governments and of the US with
respect to the Castro threat. There are many targets in the
hemisphere vulnerable to Castro-Communist subversion and sab
otage, and the Soviets are likely to assist Castro in reaching them
by contributing both to his security at home and to his capability
for action overseas. As in the period before the missile base
crisis, the effect of Castro's subversive activities will depend not
only upon his capabilities but upon the attractiveness of the
Cuban example and the willingness of the American governments
to take determined counteraction. This willingness will probably
be weakened by fulfillment of the US commitment not to invade
Cuba.
"
C. We have examined how Castro's subversive potential would
be affected by alternative courses of Soviet policy regarding Cuba:
(1) virtual withdrawal of support; (2) continuation of economic
and military support ranging from present up to substantially
increased levels. We believe that course (1) would considerably
reduce Castro's subversive potential, and that the Soviets are
unlikely to elect it. We conclude that Soviet course (2) would
maintain Castro's potential for subversive action at least at pres-
ent levels or actually raise it to the point where he could under-
take amphibious and/or airborne subversive operations against
close-in targets.
2
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 6
SECRET
SECRET
THE ESTIMATE
I. CASTRO'S SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES BEFORE THE MISSILE BASE CRISIS 1
Aims
1. From the time of his accession to power Fidel Castro has sought to
gain acceptance of the Cuban revolution as a model for others and of
himself as the leader of revolutionary forces throughout Latin America.
He has constantly sought to foment revolutions in other Latin American
States. Moreover, Castro has generally had the support of the Sino-
Soviet Bloc in the pursuit of these aims.
Means
2. Castro began his career of sponsorship for revolutions in Latin
America in 1959 with landings of small rebel forces in Nicaragua, Pan-
ama, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. None of these were successful
and he turned to other means.
3. From the beginning, propaganda has been one of the principal in-
struments on which Castro has relied. In addition to the main trans-
missions of Radio Havana for external listeners, which have had a great
deal of revolutionary content, he has beamed special programs devised.
to stimulate revolutionary action to each of half a dozen selected
countries.2 A major effort has been made through Prensa Latina, the
Cuban news service, to disseminate Castro-Communist propaganda.
Printed propaganda has also been sent from Cuba into most other
Latin American States, and Cuban diplomatic missions and personnel
have actively disseminated it. Students returning from indoctrination
in Cuba have helped establish Cuban Institutes for Friendship among
Peoples which have functioned as propaganda outlets.
4. Thousands of Latin Americans have been brought to Cuba; about
1,200 foreign trainees are believed to be there now. Many hundreds
have been trained in revolutionary techniques and guerrilla warfare.
Cuba has been made a main transit point for travel between Latin
America and the Bloc.
5. Financial support has been provided by Cuba to revolutionary
groups in a number of countries, although the cases on which we have
reports involved relatively small sums of money. Arms shipments have
*See Annex A.
"Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic.
SECRET
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 7
SECRET
also been reported, but the evidence is unclear as to quantities shipped
and the extent of Cuba's role in these transactions. We believe that
there is an extensive agent net in Latin America directed from Havana.
6. Castro has associated himself with revolutionary activist groups
throughout Latin America. In most cases these have been Communist,
but where the regular Communist Party favored a legal or parliamen-
tary line he has not hesitated to support dissident Communist groups,
e.g., in Brazil, and non-Communist revolutionaries, e.g., in Guatemala
and El Salvador. In some cases he has sponsored new revolutionary
organizations, e.g., in Panama, Colombia, and Peru. In Chile he has
endorsed a popular front coalition made up of Communist and moderate
leftists.
Evaluation
7. Instances of financial and material support sent by Cuba to revolu-
tionaries in other countries which have come to our attention are
probably only a part of the total effort. Even so, the effort seems to
have been relatively small and ineffective. Yet along with the political
and psychological stimulus which Castro's influence has provided, Cuban
subversive activities have perceptibly strengthened activist revolutionary
groups. Dangerous situations subject to exploitation by Castro and
the Communists exist in a number of Latin American countries-
notably Venezuela, Brazil, British Guiana, the Dominican Republic, and
Bolivia. These dangers arise from political and social tensions which
existed long before Castro came to power. They might lie dormant
for some time; but with Castro as a potential detonator, they are more
likely to blow up. The detonative compound will exist as long as Cas-
troism survives, whatever may happen to Castro personally.
8. The most dangerous aspect of Castroism has been its broad appeal
as a symbol of revolutionary change and nationalist assertiveness in
Latin America. Propaganda from Cuba has taken advantage of this
fact and has almost certainly been a more important influence in the
Latin American situation than Castro's other subversive activities.
During 1960 and 1961 Castroism became a force to be reckoned with
politically in a number of Latin American countries. Certain govern-
ments felt obliged to move in the direction of neutralist and leftist posi-
tions. This influence waned, however, after Castro identified himself
with the Bloc in late 1961. Nevertheless, the appeal to Castro's move-
ment continued to be a source of major concern to almost all govern-
ments and seriously restricted their willingness to associate themselves,
at least publicly, with the US.
4
SECRET
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 8
SECRET
II. CASTRO'S SUBVERSIVE POTENTIAL IN THE AFTERMATH OF AN
AGREEMENT UNDER WHICH THE SOVIETS WOULD WITHDRAW
THEIR STRATEGIC MISSILES AND THE US GIVE ASSURANCES THAT
IT WOULD NOT INVADE CUBA
9. Castro's subversive capabilities-and his disposition to use them-
will be enhanced by the sense of security provided by such sophisticated
weapons as are retained in Cuba after the withdrawal of Soviet strategic
missiles. The IL-28 bombers, if retained, and other modern equipment
noted in Annex B, would be important in this regard. A US commit-
ment not to invade Cuba will further strengthen his sense of immunity
from reprisal and almost certainly encourage him to intensify subver-
sive activities in other Latin American countries.
Response of Castro Supporters to Missile Base Crisis
10. Castro's supporters throughout Latin America, with few though
important exceptions (e.g., sabotage of oil facilities in Venezuela), failed
to respond to the missile base crisis with effective acts of sabotage or
with impressive public demonstrations. Two important limiting factors
should be taken into account in judging this response, however. US
action to alert Latin American governments led them to make extensive
advance preparation, including deployment of security forces and the
roundup of suspects, a condition of readiness which is unlikely to be
maintained indefinitely. There also may have been some uncertainty
among the activist followers of Castro whether they should make their
big effort in response to the announcement of the US blockade, or wait
for the anticipated US invasion. Moscow's apparent failure to provide
guidance may have contributed to the confusion. It is our judgment,
however, that the response to Castro's appeal for attacks on the US-
and its friends indicates that his power to command revolutionary
action, at least in the circumstances of the missile base crisis, is limited.
Support Which Castro Can Expect in the Future
11. The range of Castro's support has been, we believe, considerably
narrowed by events since Castro declared himself a Communist. Rev-
elation of the fact that he had allowed the Soviets to establish offensive
bases under exclusive Soviet control has alienated many non-Communist
nationalists, genuine neutralists, and even revolutionaries seeking social
and economic betterment. San Tiago Dantas, formerly Foreign Min-
ister under President Goulart and an author of Brazil's nonalignment
policy, and leading Mexican officials have publicly expressed their
disenchantment.
12. The activist revolutionaries are probably the only important force
on which Castro can now count, but even their support has apparently
been rendered less effective by differences on the question of Soviet rela-
tions with Castro and with Latin American Communist parties.
SECRET
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 9
SECRET
Castro's Resources for Continued Subversive Activity
13. Arms. (See Annex B.) Castro has substantial stocks of arms.
In addition to Soviet Bloc materiel there are stores of arms inherited
from the Batista regime not being used by Castro forces and available
for distribution outside Cuba. In the past he has apparently been ham-
pered in his efforts to use arms for subversive purposes by problems
of transport and delivery. He has at his disposal, however, 11 IL-14
transports belonging to Cubana airlines which could be used to deliver
arms under certain circumstances. The IL-28's now in Cuba are in-
appropriate for subversive purposes. However, they could be used for
air drops. Cuba has many small craft suitable for infiltration of men
and arms. The 6 Khronshtadt subchasers, 16 P-6 motor torpedo boats,
and 12 Komar missile boats obtained from the Bloc could also be used
for arms deliveries. If the projected trawler base is built up, trawlers-
both Cuban and Soviet-could be used for arms deliveries. If Soviet
submarines call at the trawler base or at other Cuban ports, they, too,
could be used in support of subversive activities. We see no evidence
that Cuba has or is developing a sophisticated amphibious warfare
capability, and all the means of delivery of arms by sea noted above
would be vulnerable to precautionary measures by Latin American mil-
itary and naval forces.
14. Propaganda apparatus. Castro's propaganda machine remains
intact. For the time being, however, his diplomatic missions are likely
to find it harder to disseminate propaganda than in the past, both be-
cause of new precautions by local governments and because of a reduc-
tion in the numbers of cooperative volunteers outside the organized
Communist groups.
15. Money and equipment. Despite differences between Castro and
the USSR concerning dismantling of the missile bases, we believe that the
Soviets will continue to supply Castro with money, supplies, and equip-
ment for subversive activity. The Soviets have certainly supplied Castro
with sophisticated instruments of intelligence collection, sabotage, and
clandestine communications.
16. Organization. The organization of Castro's subversive assets
throughout Latin America was shown by the recent crisis to be loose
and otherwise faulty. We estimate that Castro will make a strong
effort to strengthen and improve it, and that he will continue to receive
support in this effort from the Soviet apparatus, both in Cuba itself,
where the Soviet Ambassador is a veteran officer of the KGB, and in
other important centers of Soviet activity such as Mexico City and
Montevideo.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 10
SECRET

SECRET
C
Other Factors on Which Castro's Subversive Capability Will Depend
17. If the US and USSR reach and implement the agreement stated
in the problem Castro will gain an immunity which he lacked before the
missile base crisis. He will, furthermore, still have most of the arms
and equipment which were delivered in the post-July buildup, as well
as enhanced capabilities provided by accelerated training. Presumably
his enemies will have about the same, or less, freedom to engage in
propaganda, sabotage, support for resistance activities, and other actions
designed to overthrow Castro than they had before the crisis—almost
certainly not more. Unless Castro is gravely endangered by internal
political and economic problems, there is no reason to believe that anti-
Castro activities are any more likely to jeopardize his position than they
did before the crisis.
18. Situation in Cuba. Castro's ability to engage in subversive activ-
ities will be influenced significantly by the strength and stability of his
position at home. Heightened political and economic difficulties in
Cuba would restrict Castro's subversive effort, while the more secure
he is at home, the more freedom and strength he is likely to have for
subverting other governments and re-establishing his prestige and in-
fluence. Castro's position in Cuba will depend in part on his own
policies, but is likely to depend even more upon those of the Soviets.
19. Alternative Soviet policies. There are several courses of action
with respect to Cuba which the Soviets are likely to consider. Some
leaders may argue that the whole policy of economic and military
support for Castro should be abandoned along with the plan for the
deployment of strategic missiles in Cuba. We believe, however, that
the Soviet stake in Cuba as an ally and as a Soviet center in Latin
America is still too high to abandon. The stake in Castro as a person,
however, is questionable. If the Soviets did make a decision to with-
draw support either from Castro or from Cuba, we believe that Cuban
capability for subversion in Latin America would be greatly reduced, at
least for a time. This capability would be reduced more in the case of
the Soviets' withdrawing support from Cuba than in the case of their
abandonment of Castro alone.
KANGENVER
20. An alternative course would be for the Soviets to continue to
extend economic and military assistance. Such assistance could range
all the way from the amounts necessary to maintain Cuba in its present
condition, including support of the expanded military establishment,
to substantial increases. Such a policy would probably reduce con-
siderably Castro's internal problems and thus give him additional free-
dom to engage in external subversion and sabotage. Additions to Cas-
tro's stocks of small arms would not in themselves change his capa-
bility for subversive activity, as he already has supplies of surplus arms.
However, if the Soviets were to provide substantial additional air and
SECRET
7
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 11
SECRET
sealift capability, the Cubans would be able to mount large-scale
subversive interventions in neighboring countries. Furthermore, what-
ever degree of success is achieved in improving Cuba's position and in
expanding its physical resources, Cuba's net capability for subversion
and sabotage will in the last analysis largely be determined by the...
overall situation in Latin America.
21. We do not believe that Castro or the Soviets can yet foresee what
the effects of the recent crisis will be over the long term on their rela-
tionship. The crisis has probably created difficulties of a political and
psychological nature that neither of them can readily solve, however
determined they may be to do so. Castro may have been moved by the
treatment he has received at the hands of the Soviets to consider
modifying his relationship with them and seeking to improve his rela-
tions with the OAS and possibly even the US. We believe, however,
that he is unlikely to find feasible ways of reducing his dependence
upon the USSR. The Soviets certainly must consider that they have
effective means of exercising control over Castro. Furthermore, his re-
peated assertions of continued loyalty to Marxism-Leninism make it
unlikely that he is seriously contemplating a restoration of relations
with the OAS, or that he could succeed if he tried.
22. Policy of other American nations. Castro's subversive capabilities
will be greatly influenced by the policies and actions of other Latin
American nations, as by those of the US. We believe that the high
state of security alert that has prevailed since 22 October and the show
of unity that marked the recent crisis are unlikely to last. There is
sure to be a revival of nationalist sentiments. On balance, however,
we believe that the prospects for countersubversive action by Latin
American States, on their own and in conjunction with the US, are im-
proved. Many responsible Latin Americans will have interpreted recent
events to mean that firm and united action can be effective against
the Soviet threat from Cuba. However, Latin American governments
will probably be less willing to take coordinated action against Com-
munist inroads if the US commits itself not to invade Cuba.
Likely Future Targets for Cuban Sabotage
23. The extent of Castro's capabilities for sabotage and other clan-
destine activity in Latin America will depend upon the complicated
factors noted above. Whatever his capabilities are, he will not be at
a loss for targets against which to use them. Some of the more obvious
targets are:
a. US missions and personnel. US missions and personnel all over
Latin America were designated as targets for attack in the various
calls for action which went out during the recent crisis. Action against
8
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 12
SECRET
C
SECRET
such targets has a primarily political and propaganda value to Castro
in that it tends to show public opposition to US policy. It is also rela-
tively easy for Castro to promote attacks against official US installations
in a crisis situation and to get help from all the various elements which
are opposed to American influence in the area. Future attacks may
be anticipated in situations in which Castro feels that the public resent-
ment of US policy exists or can be stirred up.
b. Physical targets vulnerable to a limited sabotage effort. Prime
targets for sabotage will be mining, industrial, and business installa-
tions in which there is a large proportion of US capital, which are other-
wise associated with the US, or which are so important to the local
economy that damage to them would create difficulties for govern-
ments which are anti-Castro and cooperating with the US. Oil facilities
in Venezuela, including the oil and water pipelines to the refineries on
the Paraguana Peninsula, and similar facilities are likely to be chosen
as targets for Cuban sabotage. Installations for the handling of Vene-
zuelan iron ore are also likely objectives. US installations in Panama
might be attacked.
c. Port and communications facilities are generally vulnerable to
sabotage and are appealing targets to Cubans and other Latin American
Communists particularly in countries which are cooperating with the
US and whose communications media are taking an anti-Castro line.
Telephone, telegraph, radio and television facilities, and most public
utilities, particularly electric power and transformer stations, are poten-
țial targets. Selection of targets for sabotage will depend on the im-
portance of particular facilities but even more on the varying access of
Castroites and Communists to them.
d. Political targets susceptible to exploitation. Political instability
throughout Latin America, in almost every case characterized by pres-
sures from below upon relatively conservative and generally anti-
Communist governments, provide Castro with opportunities for sub-
versive political activity. Particularly unstable situations include the
following:
(1) Venezuela, where Communist-inspired disorders have been kept
in check by the government, but where continued Communist
and leftist violence may lead the military to take control.
In a country such as Venezuela, where the stability of an anti-
Castro and anti-Communist government depends heavily upon
one man, assassination is another danger.
(2) Nicaragua, where Communist-led groups, in anticipation of
coming elections, may seek to incite or exploit violence against
the Somoza regime.
(3) Guatemala, where President Ydigoras' position is weak and
uncertain.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 13
SECRET
C
SECRET
(4) The Dominican Republic, where the problems of political recon-
struction after a generation of dictatorship have proved almost
more than the caretaker government can handle, and where
some political groupings amenable to Castro's influence are
seeking to gain a footing.
(5) Bolivia, where the struggle for dominance within the ruling
MNR Party between the moderates and those on the far left
is ready-made for exploitation by Castro.
(6) Brazil, where Communists have penetrated the government
and military to some limited extent, the tide of nationalist and
anti-US feeling is strong, and depressed socio-economic condi-
tions and inefficient government administration provide Castro
many opportunities, especially in the northeast.
10
SECRET
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 14
PROPAGANDA
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 15
PROPAGANDA
General: Since 1 January 1959, the Castro/Communist Regine has
establish FREIGA LATINA
placed great emphasis on its propaganda efforts throughout Latin America,
as reflected in the quantities of personnel and obvious amounts of
funds devoted to this enterprise. One of the first efforts use to
a Cuben neus agency with exchange agreements
with TASS and the ME CHIA NEWS AGENCY, as the principal Castro/Communist
overt cutlet. Shipments of printed pamphlets, books, magazines and
leaflets have been discovered in Cuban diplomatic pouches in Mexico,
Panama, Chile and Argentines. The baggage or most travellera departing
Cubs contains printed propaganda. Cuban government personalities such
as Dr. Armando Hert, Minister of Education, are known to have transported
quantities of this printed material. Personal representation plays a
great part in the Cestro/Communist propaganda program. Trevellers to
Cuba for economie, political and cultural meetings are indoctrinated and
are provided material for further distribution upon return to their home
countries. Student, labor, youth, women, and professional organizations
serve as a medium for propaganda dissemination. Diplomatic and economic
representatives have cultivated local communists, influential leftists,
and anti-government dissidents through personal contact. Radio plays
an extremely important part in the Castro/Communist propaganda offort
within Cuba and externally.
TAB 1-PREISA LATINA and Printed Material
This tab contains a detailed summary of Cuban efforts to organize
propaganda and press control and an item illustrating Cuban efforts to
mail printed material through Mexico.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 16
TAB HAVANA'S International Broadcasting
This tab contains a recent aimaary of Havena's broadcasting program
with examples of Guben propagande inciting revolt in Latin Amerion,
Additionally this tab contains four separate items indicating in greater
detail the types of brondeant information currently being disseminated.
TAB 3 - PERSONAL CONTACT
This tab contains 4 items as follows: (1) An example of attempted
diplomatic influence in Bolivia; (2) A tabulation of representatives
attending a recent Congress in Cuba (by profession, country, and organi-
sations represented); (3) An Atam on propaganda through the Cubsa
sponsored labor organization (CTCR); and (b) An coxample of propaganda
through a cultural organization with inferred comections to an inter-
national organization strongly influenced by Communists,
TAB 4 - U. 6. COUNTER 17TORIS
This teb contains a recent summary of USIA programe on Cube and
a more detailed item on USIA radio broadcasting to Latin America.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 17
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 18
་་.
SECRET NO FOREIGN dissem
The following description of the Cuban Government's measures this
past year to organize propaganda and press control is based upon the
25 September report of an official German service supplemented by August
1962 information from a fairly reliable independent source.
In early 1962 the ORI decided to establish a Comite de Orientacion
Revolucionaria (COR) to be responsible for all propaganda activities
of the Cuban Government and for censorship of the press. Cesar Escalante,
en old-time Communist, a member of the ORI National Directorate and brother
of Anibal Escalante who was later "purged" by Castro, was appointed head
of the COR and thus given control over the entire Cuban press, radio, and
television. By August, Ceaer Escalante was reported to have a personal
staff of 15 workers, most of whom vere Communist Party members, and to
bé holding weekly briefing sessions with editors of the four large Havana
newspapers, entrusting censorship to these editors.
In late June 1962, the ORI set up a committee to be in charge of
coordination of Cuban propaganda throughout Latin America. This committee
was subordinate to the COR, and consisted of representatives from the
Ministry of Foreign Relations, the Prensa Latina news agency and the COR.
The director of Prensa Latine was the news agency's representative on this
committee. The representative of the COR, however, along with the repre-
sentative of the Foreign Ministry, believed to be Remon Penate y Molina,
were said to have actually determined the policy of Prensa Latina.
The reorganization of Frenca Latina is described as Escalente's
most important eccomplishment. Since mid-July 1962 the news agency
has been increasingly employed as an instrument of the Cuban Foreign
Ministry and is serving as its propaganda medium in these countries with
SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 19
'
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
which Cuba no longer maintains diplomatic relations. Cesar Escalante
now controls Prensa Latina's activities both in Cuba and abroad.
He is assisted by Ramon Calcines Cordillo, also a veteran Communist and
member of the ORI National Directorate, who acte as liaison official
with the Communist parties of Latin America. Calcines has been reported
as being also a director of the Cuban Institute of Friendship with Peoples
(ICAP) with which Prensa Latine maintains close relations.
The staff of the Prensa Latina center in Havana is to be enlarged
from 150 employees to elmost 1,000 by January 1963. The center also
employs about 250 salaried personnel in Latin America in addition to
numerous free-lance correspondents. The Latin American section of the
Prensa latina center enjoys a favored position with special privileges
given to "sub-agencies" working in countries which have broken diplomatie
relations with Cuba. The sub-agencies in several Latin American capitals
are to be enlarged as operational centers for certain areas - for example,
Bogota will be e coordinating center for Colombia, Venezuela, Panama,
Costa Rica, and Nicaragua, and Mexico City for Mexico, Honduras, El
Salvador, and Guatemala.
The 100-Kilowatt VHF transmitter of Radio Havana is of special
importance for increasing Cuban propaganda activities in Latin America;
et the end of propaganda broadcasts the station reportedly also transmits
specific directives to Cuben agents abroad. The manager of the radio
station is Baldomero Alvares Rios, president of the Cuban-Chinese Friend-
ship Committee, who maintains close contact with Shen Chien, Communist
Chinese embassador to Cube. Communist China is said to have considerable
influence on Cuba propaganda activities.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 20
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM

ས་ག་ལ་0-5~%b«n!
EFF"་" A25ས་
SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM
A biweekly periodical, Panorama Economico Latinoamericano, which is
distributed throughout Latin America, is to be given wider circulation
and published additionally in an English-language edition. Fernando
Colino, editor of the periodical, is said to be planning a campaign
on "the economic tragedy of the Latin American peoples." (CIA CS-3/530,
108, 5 December, SECRET NO FORETON DISSEM)
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 21
3
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
SECRET
い
INFORMATION
REPORT
2/8/63
INFORMATION PEPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C.. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY
Mexico/Cuba
REPORT NO.
CS-3/536,706
SUBJECT
Return of Cuban Propaganda
To the Cuban Embassy by the
Mexican Post Office
DATE DISTR.
8 February 1963
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
RD
DATE OF
INFO.
21 January 1963
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
SOURCE:
Mexico, Mexico City (21 January 1963) FIELD REPORT NO. HMM-6958
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Person (F) with good contacts in the Cuban Embassy in
Mexico City. Appraisal of Content: 3.
Recently Mexican postal authorities returned a large amount
of Cuban propaganda to the Cuban Embassy with the stamp "no
such address. "t Herberto Jorrin Munoz, an employee of the Cuban
Embassy, commented that with such tactics the Mexican Post
Office "is sabotaging the Cuban Revolution."
Field Comment. TDCS-3/526, 575 reported that on 26 October 1962
Mexican authorities had refused to accept a considerable volume
of airmail from Cuba which was destined for countries
other than Mexico and ordered the mail returned to Cuba.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 22
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 23
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION DIVISION
OFFICE OF OPERATIONS
SPECIAL MEMORANDUM.
о
HAVANA'S INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 24
31 JANUARY 1963
I. HOURS ON THE AIR
II. SAMPLES OF RADIO PROPAGANDA
INCITING TO REVOLT IN LATIN
AMERICA
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Proparod for:
Information Copy for
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
HAVANA'S INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING
I. HOURS ON THE AIR.
00/F3ID
31 January 1963.
The Cuban Government uses three vehicles. for its radio propaganda to
"Radio Free Dixie," "The Friendly Voice
audiences in other countries:
of Cuba;" and "Radio Habana Cuba."
* "Radio Free Dixie" is a one-hour weekly transmission in English to`
Negroes in the United States, broadcast over the facilities of Havana's
"Radio Progreso" and its network of eight
50-kilowatt transmitter
Robert F. Williams, the North
relay stations situated throughout Cuba.
Carolina Negro who fled to Cuba to avoid prosecution for alleged kid-
napping, is the director and chief commentator of this program, which is
heard every Friday night at 10 p.m. EST. Using "Jazz" terminology and
frequently crude language, Williams tells his "oppressed North American
brothers" that they are going to have to "fill a lot of jails and a lot
of graves, and not just with black boys, either," in order to achieve
"freedom and social justice." Assisting Williams are newscaster Carlos
Moore and "musical hostess" (disc jockey and commentator) Jo Salas.
"Radio Free Dixie" is heard very well in southern Florida and can probably
be heard in many areas of the southern United States without elaborate
technical facilities.
"The Friendly Voice of Cube," formerly a popular Havana radio station
known as "Radio Mambi," began broadcasting in May 1962. Although this
powerful station does not so announce, its transmissions are apparently
"The Friendly Voice of
intended for listeners in the United States.
All of its
Cuba" broadcasts from 6:00 in the morning to 1:00 a.m. EST.
programs, except for four seven-minute Spanish news shows, are in
English. Its approach is a shade more subtle than that of "Radio Free
Dixie." It is heard best in southern Florida, but can also be heard in
many parts of the southern United States.
& The official internationaal service called "Radio Habana Cuba" is con-
sidered to be the chief external radio propaganda outlet of the Cuban
Government. More commonly known as "Radio Havana," this station broad-
casts weekly a total of 187 hours and 50 minutes of propaganda in
languages which include English, French, Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish,
and Haitian Creole, to listeners in Europe, the Mediterranean area,
the Western Hemisphere. "Radio Havana" is under the supervision of
Marcos Behemaras, deputy director (for international broadcasting) of the
In addition to the normal information
In stituto Cubano de Radiodifusion.
and
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 25
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Page I-1
О
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
and entertainment, it transmits special programs--"sponsored" by so-called
exile groups--the evident intent of which is to encourage subversion of
the incumbent governments of Peru, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic.
Programs with similarly subversive intent were formerly beamed to
Nicaragua and. Honduras; these were discontinued in September 1962.
Although first observed by FBIS monitors on 14 March 1961, the Cuban inter-
national service was not officially inaugurated until Hay Day of that
year, when it began presenting a relatively modest schedule of programs
in English, French, and Spanish for Europe and the Americas for a total
of 42 hours a week. Since then, "Radio Havana" has grown by leaps and
bounds, finally emerging as Latin America's number one international
broadcaster. Its time on the air is as follows, in hours per week:
Arabic to the Mediterranean area
Haitian Creole to Haiti
English to Europe.
English to the Americas
French to Europe
French to Canada
French to the Mediterranean
Portuguese to Brazil
©
5 hours 15 minutes
7 hours
9 hours 20 minutes
17 hours 30 minutes
9 hours 20 minutes
3. hours 30. minutes
3 hours 30 minutes
7 hours
16 hours 55 minutos
108 hours 30 minutes
Spanish to Europe. & the Mediterranean
Spanish to the Americas
The technical facilities of "Radio Havana" are at a transmitter site
about 23 miles southwest of Havana. At present, no more than 
four
shortwave. transmitters are being used, but in the past as many as five.
These transmitters' range
have been observed on the air at the same time.
in power from 10 to 100 kilowatts, enabling "Radio Havana" to be heard all
over the world. Programs are sent from studios to the transmitter sito
.
by means of microwave relays.
1
In addition to the regularly scheduled international service, these trans-
mitters have been known to broadcast special programs in order to tako
When serious disorders
advantage of particular political situations.
broke out in the Dominican Republic in late 1961, for example, broadcasts
emanating from a self-styled "clandestine" station called "Radio
Revolucion del Movimiento Catorce de Junio" demanded the overthrow of the
Dominican government. The station went off the air after about a week,
but not before direction finder (DF) bearings and other technical clues
indicated that the Bauta transmitter site was the point of origin.
"Radio Havana" announces that it makes its facilities available to political
groups from other Latin American nations so that they can beam programs
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 26
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Pago I-2
О:
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
back to their homelands. These programs are now broadcast as follows:
1
The Peruvian Anti-Imperialist Struggle Movement (Movimiento Poruano
de la Lucha Anti-Imperialista) broadcasts the "La Voz dol Peru.
Rovolucionaria" program to Peru on Sundays at 7 to 7:15 p.m, EST.; .
The Quatemalan Information Committee (Comito Guatemalteco do Information)
transmits the "Mensaje a Guatemala" program to Guatemalu on Tuesdays and´
Saturdays at 9 to 9:15 p.m. EST;
The Dominican Liboration Movement (Movimiento de Liboracion Dominicana)
broadcasts the "Patria Libre" program to the Dominican Republic on
Wednesdays and Fridays at 9 to 9:15 p.m. EST.
Similar programs were bemed to Nicaraque and Honduras, but wore dropped
in September 1962 in favor of a "Radio Havma" program called "Trinchera
Azoricane," now hoard nightly from 9:30 to 9:40 p.m. EST. This program
is more flexible in that it attacks the regimos of my Latin American
nation, changing its target from night to night according to the
exigencies of any given provailing political situation.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 27
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Paga I-3
1
UNCLASSIFIED
II. SAMPLES OF PROPAGANDA INCITING TO REVOLT IN LATIN AMERICA.
Reproduced below is a selection of some of the more inflammatory statements
that have appeared in Havana broadcasts to Latin America as a whole (Section
A) and in special programs tailored for listeners in Peru, Guatemala, and
the Dominican Republic (Section B). The quotations are arranged in reverse
chronological order. Most of the statements are taken from programs broad-
cast within the past two months, with a smpling from the spring of 1962
included for purposes of comparison. Passages not included in quotation
marks are paraphrases.
A.
Broadcasts for Latin America in General (Radio Havana in Spanish to
the Americas),
23 January 1963:
The People's animosity against Betancourt "has been growing
with each passing day. Already there has been an claboration
Gf revolutionary tactics, the application of which is caus
ing the very foundations of the spuricus government to
tremble. The National Liberation Front is turning out to
be the most effective executor of the will of the Venezuelan
poople at this time. The slogan of the people is 'A Complete
Change of Government!"
12 January 1963:
090
"The situation in El Salvador is disastrous in every respect;
the people are on the verge of a complete collapse or a
violent reaction. The more the Salvadorans are oppressed,
the more they strike back for their liberation, particularly
since the Cuban revolution.... The masses are acquiring a
great awareness of their strength and the possibility of its
effective use, thanks to measures like the United Revolutionary
Action Front, which declares itself to be the organization
created by the people to carry out the revolution the pooples
nced."
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 28
UNCLASSIFIED
pago II-1.
UNCLASSIFIED
9 January 1963:
"The Paraguayan people are now determined to get rid of the
government, which has ignored the most elementary rights,
which has turned the country over to the insatiable voracity
of the monopolies, and which is preparing an electoral farce
in order to remain in power against the people's wishes.
However, the people of Paraguay have decided to acquire their
freedoms at all costs, and the crimes committed by Strogonor
dissuade them will be usoloss.'
89
25 December 1962, quoting a statement attributed to Etuadoran communists:
"The domestic political crisis is worsening. Administrativo
ineptness of the dominating classes is becoming more glaring.
Contradictions among the dominating class are increasing.
And servility to Yankee imperialism is spreading. The real
solution to this crisis is: To strongthen the people of all ·
soctors in their struggle for their rights; to create a solid
front with the masses; to overthrow the imporialisto and
oligarchs from powor; and to not up a people's authority
able to carry out a program of radical reforms.'"
23 December 1962, from a speech by Education Minister Armando Hart:
"Ho want ovory American nation and every man in Latin Amorica
to fight for his country, fight for his nation, fight for
his national independence. This is that we want and what.
It
wo desire, and this is what imperialism doɔs not want.
does not want it because it knows that sooner or later this
struggle will lead to liboration from imperialion, and it
was the liberation from imperialism which guided Cuba to
socialism, because liberation from imperialism naturally
loads to socialism. What we want is for the people of
Latin America to fight for their country and for the mon
of Latin America to fight for their country."
24 November 1962:
"Venezualan events in recent days have lost none of their
intensity. Given the vigor of the clashes between tho .
Venezuelan. patriots--perfectly organized for action in
the fields and in the cities--and Romulo Botancourt's
traitorous forces, decisive episodes should be expected
within a few days. Venezuela is the weakest tronch in the
imperialist front in the Americas. Let it not be forgotton'
that the traitorous regime in Caracas, despite all appearances,
is under fire from a great popular offonsivo."
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 29
UNCLASSIFIED
030 II-2
UNCLASSIFIED
The following quotations are taken from broadensts in the spring of 1982:
1 May 1962, speech by Ernesto Guevara:
"Sometimes some comrade in Latin America asko vs what we think
of this or that place, how shall the problem be faced in this
or that place. We always answer that there is no set way to
seize power and that the working elpos, helped and strengthonod'.
by the peasant class, must navor soak the most bloody battlo,
because it will cost thousands and thousands and millions of
Livas of their sons. But the seizure of power by the working
class is a historic necessity, and no ono com oppose history....
The years ahead, comrades, will be the scene in all of America
of constant, fratrididal struggles."
°
8 April 1962, commentary on Ecuador:
"As of today, Arosemena, the people are rising up in arms
against you, your infamous coalition government, the reactionary
olomonts of the army, the bosses, the powerful, the exploiters,
and above all, imperialism, in order to fulfill the blogans
that you proclaimed and betrayed: land reform; tat: roform, and
national dignity. The people, Aresemona, nover forgot thoir
word."
4 April 1962:
"The present government of Ydiqorco Fuentos must be forced to
abandon office, and the Congress, composed mainly of dopution
who hold office hs a result of fraud and impositión, must ba.
dissolvod."
22 March 1962:.
"Cuba'hag said, and has repeated a thousand times, that it is
not necessary to export revolution, because each of tho
oligarchical, tyrannical, and despòtic goveramonto undor
which Añórica suffers is itself preparing the conditions
necessary for the people to rise up against it. And the people
Who suffer those proimperialist, bloody governments do not necd
to have parachutists drop into their mountains. They then-
selves seek. solutions for their problems. The only thing of
which Cuba can be accusod is of having opened the way, of have
ing won its freedom fighting in guerrilla warfare against a :
cruel dictatorship.".
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 30
UNCLASSIFIED
pago II-3

UNCLASSIFIED
B. Special Broadcasts
Lo To Peru
21 January 1963:"
.
"Our standard must be a national liberation, a transforming
liberation, a transforming revolution.... The people of Peru
know only too well that elections will not solve their
problems, because Peru needs a completo change, a radical
transformation of its economic, political, and social
structures..... Therefore we must continue to fight, not for
small or partial victories but for a transformation of Peruvian
society, for the destruction of capitalism."
7 January 1963:
"The military government junta may rest completely assured that
there will be revolution in Peru and the people will take over..oo
We wonder if among the meribers of the armed forces there is
not a group of truly honorable and patriotic mon who love
the people of Peru and are ready to place their weapons at
the service of the people.... This is a year which will
mark the beginning of a new era in Peru.. Now is the time
to reaist with greater force and visor. Strike against
abuse; strike against violations.... The strike is the most
powerful weapon. The strike can do more than can rifles and
bullets."
2 April 1962:
.
"The Peruvian people know perfectly well that the Cuban revolu-
tion represents a hone for us and for all the nations of America.
It is not enough to call oneself a revolutionary or support
the revolution; it is necessary to adopt a revolutionary
attitude.
88
2. To the Dominican Republic:
19 January 1963:
"The Dominican Liberation Movement calls on the entire nation
to demonstrate its repudiation of the allowed visitors (two
U.S. warships), which are coming to outrage the country
and to be, suspiciously, present precisely when the people
are filling the streets in their struggle against the impe-
rialist U.S. Government. Everyone, forward to the fight for
freedom, for national independence, and social progress!"
UNCLASSFIED
page II-4
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 31
'UNCLASSIFIED
5 January 1963:
"The people must come apain into the streets and demand that
the emergency law be revoked 
immediately.... Citizens, all
to the fight to end the repressive 
and antidemocratic
measures!"
31 December 1962:
"The experience of this year makes obvious to all the need to
carry out the national antifeudal
, anti-imperialist revolution
.
To carry out this. revolution 
means to destroy the roactionary,
antinational, and despotic power 
of the large lando more
and the great bourgeoisie in 
league with foreign inperialism
.'
26 December 1962:
00
"The situation can be changod only by the grassroots mobiliza-
tion of the popular masses, 
which will bring about the proper
conditions to carry out an anti
-imperialist, antifeudal revolu-
tion of emancipation."
3 April 1962:
"The time will come--and it is sconer than you think--when
the popular masses of our country
, the massacred, tortured
,
starving, and irridentist masses
, will know how to settlo
accounts with every one of their 
oppressors. ... To the
Down with 
the illegal. Trujillista 
Council
streets! To arms!
⚫ of State!"
21 March 1962:
"The Trujillista Council of State is not competent, to resolvo
the serious national probloms in 
the interest of the country.
That is why it must be overthrown 
and replaced by a govern-
ment of the people whose hand will 
not tremblo in liberating
the country from feudal extortion 
and Yankee imperialist
domination."
3. To Guatemala:
.5 January 1963:
"The workers and employees, by means of strikes, and tho
peasants, by starting a bi̟e resistance 
movement everywhere
,'
must make their strength felt 
so as to accontuato the popular
nature of the struggle and pave the 
way to revolution.
Guatemalan people repudiate. 
Ydigoras and his clique."
UNCLASSIFIED
The
page II-S
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 32
SECRED NO FOREIGN DISSEM
An even larger mmber of direct Ravens radio incitements to revolt
have been noted in transmissions to Latin American countries recently,
apparently reflecting the increased references to the need for other
Latin American countries to follow Cuba's example which have been noted
in recent speeches of regime leaders.
Thus a 1 January Cuban broadcast quoted a Guatemalan writer as
saying that "after Cuba the American revolution will cleanse the other
countries of this dirty blemish of ignorance, maintained purposely by
interested groups. Now America has only one way to go the way of
revolution that began in Cuba." A late December broadcast about Peru
claimed that "a powerful guerrilla movement is growing: it already forms
the nucleus for a future national liberation army." A 3 January report
on the meeting of the Uruguayan Communist Party quotes its first secretary
as saying: "The next phase will be one of hard battles. A sharpened
class war may break out at any time and unleash the revolutionary storm
There is no other way but to forge the social forces of the revolution
step by step, shaping the unity of the anti-imperialist forces whose
nucleus is the left-wing liberation front." A specially beamed "Dominican
bulletin" to the Dominican Republic on 31 December quoted a communique
of the "Dominican Liberation Movement" as saying: "The experience of this
year makes obvious to all the need to carry out the national, anti-
feudal, anti-imperialist revolution." On 3 January, Havana radio attacked
President-elect Bosch of the Dominican Republic for preparing to sell
his country to the "American monopolists." The radio also repeated
instructions from a Cuba-based Dominican exile group urging Dominicans
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 33
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
to mobilize in support of striking workers. Ten leading Dominican pro-
Castro exiles recently were transported to Cuba from Buurope aboard a
Czech plane. (FBIS Special weekly report to the Daily Summary,
4 January, OFFICIAL USE ONLY) lest sentence above SECRET NOFORN)
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 34
Havana broadcasts to Latin Americs continue to take the line that
Cuba "is not exporting revolution," but to stress the necessity and
inevitability of internal ermed left-wing revolution in individual Latin
calling for a "solid front" of the masses in support
American countries
of such revolutions throughout the hemisphere, and indeed throughout the
world.
"The
The Dominican Republic and Venesuela continue to receive special
emphasis in these Haveno broadcasts. Broadcasts of 23 and 26 December
called the Dominican elections a "farce", and made the point that such
elections are no substitute for armed revolutions - such as "the
heroic Venezuelan revolution which has stirred the whole continent.
A 27 December broadcast on the Venezuelen situation as such said:
workers, students, intellectuals, and men and women of Venezuela fight
bravely. Members of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left and of the
Democratic Republican Union, Communists, and other patriots, civilian
and military, have fought and still do fight against the traitorous and
fascist regime of Betancourt." The commentator said that patriota have
risen in arms in the mountains and cities of Venemiela; and that the
Guerrilla movement remained active in verious regions of Venezuela.
(FBIS Special Report to the Daily Sumary, 28 December, OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 35
Radio Havana's regularly scheduled program to Peru on 7 January
was particularly strong in its appeals to the "Peruvian people" to
continue their revolutionary struggle.
The program, like others directed to several other Latin American
countries, purports to be directed by a group of exiles living in Cuba.
The 7 January broadcast to Peru urged continuation of the struggle
"since we already have a good part of the road behind us."
The
#
Young
revolution may be lengthy, the broadcast states, but "it is too late
now to contain the uncontainable...the more brutal the repression, the
greater will be the force of the people in their struggle.
army officers were urged to side with the people and, at the right
moment, to "know where to direct your rifles."
Broadcasts of this type have been directed in recent months to
a number of countries, including the Dominican Republic, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Nicaragua, Late last month, Radio Havana began broad-
casting daily programs to Haiti in the Creole language. (FBIS Daily
Report, January; and IBIS Operational Developments 371, 4 January,
OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 36
اية
A Havana radiobroadcast 10 January quoted the Central Committee
of the Venezuelan Communist Party as calling President Betancourt's
government the "principal enemy of the Venezuelan people today."
It called on the people and Communist Party of Venezuela to "master
and use all forms of combat needed to achieve liberation and national
sovereignty."
A 7 January broadcast beamed from Havans to Peru said that "the
military-government junta may rest completely assured that there will
be revolution in Peru and the people will take over power," and it
concluded - "Now is the time to resist with greater force and vigor;
strike against abuse, strike against violations...the strike is the
most powerful weapon. The strike can do more than rifles and bullets."
(FBIS, Special Report to Daily Summery, 11 Jamiary, OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 37
n
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 38
MESSAEFIDENTIAL
5715432 DEC 62
AT USARMA LA PAZ BOLIVIA¨¨¨
TO RUEPDA/DA WASHDC
INFO RULPC/CINCARIB
RUEANF/CAIRC
RULPAK/USARCARIE
RUEPDA/DIA WASHDC "DLVD
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
STAFF COMMUNICATIONS OFFICE CONFIDENTIAL
Exentä Rew
Export
DOWNGRADED AT 12 YEAR INTERVALS;
MOT AUTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED
DOD DIR. 5200.10
Plan
CONFIDENTIAL//TDTG 071535Z FM USARMA LA PAZ SGD WIMERT.
CITE CX-55. DA FOR ACSI. USARCARIB FOR G-2.
RELIABLE SOURCE REPORTS THAT OF CARABINERO GUARDS RECENTLY PLACED
AT SEVERAL AMBASSADORS RESIDENCES. THOSE REPORTING TO CUBAN
RESIDENCE ARE PERSONALLY MET BY AMBASSADOR, WINED AND DINED INSIDE
TRESIDENCE, GIVEN SHORT LECTURES ON ADVANTAGES OF CUBAN REVOLUTION
AND OBSERVED LEAVING CARRYING ARMS FULL OF PROPAGANDA.
COMMENT: ARMA CHECKED AND FOUND THIS TO BE TRUE. CAS ALSO
VERIFIED. AT THIS RATE, CUBAN EMBASSY WILL BE ABLE TO TALK PERSONALLY
WITH EACH CARABINERO OF LA PAZ REGIMENT WITHIN THREE MONTHS. SCP-3
BT
ACTION:
ACSI
INFO:
DCSOP, OSD, JCS, AF, NAVY, CMC, DIA, DIA(AQ).
DA IN 297251.
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE NR 0000
SCO FORM
8 JUN 56
35-2
CONFIDENTIAL
REPRODUCTION
PROHIBITED
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 39
"ALL AMERICA WOMEN'S CONGRESS"
APPENDIX A
held Havana, Cuba, January 11,
12, 13, 1963.
Attendance:
"Number of Countries Participating
Number of Guest Countries Represented
Number of Delegates
Number of Guests
Total number of Women Attending
Cuban Women Attending
Net Total Foreign Women Attending
19
15
425
95.
520
177
343
Breakdown of Delegates, by Occupations::
Workers: factory workers, peasants and employees 110
Housewives
Professionals
Teaching profession
Students
Writers
Journalists
Congresswomen
City councillors
49
127
95
20
Businesswomen
Number of Delegates, by Countries:
1. Argentina
19
2.
Bolivia
I
30
Brazil
4.
Canada
17
5.
Colombia
13
#66
Costa Rica
7.
Cuba
177
8
Chile
31
9.
Ecuador
10%
El Salvador
116
Guatemala
20
12.
Honduras
13
Mexico
14.
Nicaragua
15.
Panama
16.
17.
18.
19.
Paraguay
United States of America 14
Uruguay
Venezuela
From Ouba
Net Total Women
Attending From the Rest
of the Continent
248
(Based on figures given in "Hoy" January 15, and "Revolución"
January 14, 1965)
Presidents of Delegations:
1.
26
Argentina
30 Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Fany Edelman
Marta Valle jo
Bertina Blum
Gilda Murray
Julieta Bampuzano
Lidia de. Hurtado
Luiza Gonzáles
i.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 40

Cuba
96
Ecuador
100
El Salvador
11.
Guatemala
12.
Honduras
13. Mexico'
14.
Nicaragua.
15.
Panama
16.
Paraguay
Vilna Espín
Marta Feijóo
Leticia del Valle
Linda León
Floremmila Castro
Clementina Batalla de Bassols
Concepción Palacio
Lidia Eneida de Gil.
Presentación Lezcano
17.
United States of America
18.
Uruguay.
Name of president amitted
Julia Arévalo
19.
Venezuela
Argelia Laya.
Organizations Represented, by Countries:
Argentina
Women's Inter-Partisan Commission; Argentina Vanguard
Socialist Party, Women's Chapter; Co-ordinating Committee
of the Peronist Movement, Women's Chapter; Women's Commission
of the Communist Party; Argentine Women's Union
; Labour Unions
"
Group; the 62 Organizations; Labour 
Unions: Unity and Co-
ordination Movement; Sponsoring Committees 
for the 
Congress.
Bolivia
Sponsoring Committee for the Congress.
Brazil
Womens Federation of Sao Paolo; Women's Interchange and
Friendship Commission; Women's League of Guanabara 
State
;
Sponsoring Committee for the Congress.
Canada
Congress of Canadian Women; La Ligue de Femmes Canadiennes;
Fair Deal for Cuba Committee; Workers
' Benevolent Association
;
United Jewish Peoples Order; Ladies' 
Auxiliary Committee
(represented by the Chairman); Russian
-Canadian Women's
Federation; United Ukrainian-Canadian 
Women's Association
;
Peace Council Organization.
Colombia
Democratic Women's Union; Political Party of the Left;
Barristers: Society of Colombia; Liberal Revolutionary
Movement; Sponsoring Committee 
for the Congress.
Costa Rica
Costa Rican Women's Alliance.
Omba
Workers' Central Organization of Revolutionary Cuba; Union of
the Communist Youth; High School Students' 
Union; University
Students' Federation; Committees for the 
Defence of the
Revolution; Movement for the Peace and 
Sovereignty of 
the
Peoples; Cuban Women's Fedoration.
Chile
Workers Single Central Organization; Women's Union of Chile;
Cuban-Chilean Institute of Culture; 
Women Workers' Union of 
the
Telephone Company; Israeli Culture Center
; Teachers' Labour 
Union;
Professors Uniong National Society 
of Professors; Bookstores!
Labour Union; Sponsoring Committee for 
the Congress; National:
Committee of Young Chilean Women,
Ecuador
Women's Union of Guayaquil; Sponsoring Committee for the Congress;
University Women's Association
.;
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 41.
El Salvador
Salvadorean Women's Fraternity.
Guatemala
"Dolores Bedoya" Women's Organization; Labour's Patriotic
Youth.
Honduras
Hondurean Women's Uniong White Cross Mothers' Societies.
Mexico
Mexican Women's Democratic Union; Teachers: Revolutionary
Movement; National Liberation Movement's Women's Action
Groups University Women's Association; Group of Friends of
Rumania; United Front of Mazatlán-Sinaloa Colonies; Civic
Committee of Guerrero; University and High School Teachers;
Women's Co-ordinating Committee; Economists' Committee;
National 
Workers Union of the Teaching Profession;
Revolutionary Labour Federation; General Union of Mexico's.
Workers and 
Peaseats; Pro-Independence Women's Group of
Michoacán; The Mexican Women's Vanguard; Mexican Women Workers!
Union; Sponsoring Committee for the Congress.
Nicaragua
Political Party "Revolutionary Mobilization".
Panama
Vanguard for Nation Action; Women's Vanguard.
Paraguay
February Revolutionary Party, Women's Chapter; Women's Union;
Women's Movement; FULNA.
United States of America
North-American Association of Friends of Cuba.
Uruguay
Liberation Front of the Left; Eastern Revolutionary Movement;
Women's 
Union; Committee to Help Spanish and Portuguese
Political Prisoners; Workers' Central Organization of Uruguay;
Sponsoring 
Committee for the Congress.
Venezuela
National Women's Union of Venezuela; Assistance Federation of
Venezuela.
Guest Countries Represented:
Albania
Algeria
Bulgaria
China
Korea
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
East Germany
-Great Britain.
Hungary™
Indonesia
Rumania
Spain
U.S.S.R.
Viet Nam
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 42
Officials of Cuba's organization for regimenting workers, the
CTCR, are stressing to the Cuban people their responsibility for "liberating"
other Latin American peoples. Havena radio has reported a talk to a group
of volunteer harvesters of tubers and weeders of garlic and arum in a
town of southern Havana Province, some of whom were locally recruited and
some of whom were delegates from Latin America and Canada to the recent
revolutionary commemoration ceremonies. The CTCR official responsible
for this volunteer work said that Cuba was offering "its example to the
200 million exploited Indians, peasants and workers of Latin America;
and that in the same manner that we receive help from the socialist
countries, we have the duty to help other peoples to obtain their liber-
ation." He added that the Cubans would fulfill that duty. (FBIS Daily
Report, 15 January, OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 43
21862
INFORMATION REPORT
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
Brazil/Cuba/Latin America
Activities of the Society of
Friends of Cuba in Preparation
For the Continental Congress in
Support of Cuba
DATE OF
15, 21 January 1963
INFO.
PLACE &
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
DATE ACQ.
23 January 1963
SOURCE:
REPORT NO.
CS -3/536,690
DATE DISTR.
8 February 1963
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD
FIELD REPORT NO.
HBR-3301
1.
2.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
3.
4.
Brazilian (F) with good contacts in the Society of Friends
of Cuba. Appraisal of Content:
20
The World Peace Council (WPC) was expected to pay for the
expenses of the Continental Congress in Support of Cuba,.
which is to be held in Rio de Janeiro from 28 to 30 March 1963,
according to comments made by General Luiz Gonzaga Leite,
president of the Society of Friends of Cuba (SAC), at a
meeting of the SAC on 21 January 1963.
As of 21 January the SAC had not received any replies from
the invitations sent to the African nations to participate
in the congress. It was announced at the meeting that Valerio
Konder, acting president of the Brazilian Pro-Peace Movement
and a member of the SAC, was planning to go to Tanganyika to
attend the Third Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Conference
in early February and would take a copy of the convocation
for the congress with him.
Plans were made for painting slogans concerning the congress
all over the city and for placing large signboards along some
of the main parkways. The possibility was discussed of
persuading a well-known painter, such as Emiliano di Cavalcanti,
to paint a picture for the congress, which would be raffled
off for the benefit of the congress.
At a meeting of the SAC on 15 January a series of pro-Cuba
meetings, which would be held before the congress, was
planned. The possibility of inviting certain Brazilian
artists to perform at the meetings in order to attract a
large crowd was discussed. The SAC was also trying to obtain
the signature of Dias Gomes, the theatrical producer, on the
convocation of the congress. Gomes planned to go on 19 January
to Cuba, where he was to direct a play.
པ ད 12"- ཁ་"ti" he ། *!°
104
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 44
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 45
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
February 6, 1963
CURRENT USIA PROGRAMS ON CUBA
1. Special Multi-Media Project to tell Cuban story in perspective
from its early promises through the missile crisis. Initiated Decem-
ber 14 with target date for completion February 15. Theme: "This is
what happens to a country which lets itself be embraced by communism."
Products in preparation under this project are:
a)
b)
a two-reel film for theatrical and mobile unit showing;
a television film with interviews from around the world
expressing disillusionment that the Cuban revolution
became a pawn in the international communist game;
a photo booklet;
a radio dramatization for both shortwave broadcast and
local placement;
d)
e)
a photo exhibit.
2. Regular Program
Radio (see attachment on VOA broadcasts to Cuba)
-
Nine hours Spanish daily to Latin America, three especially directed
to Cuba (latter also relayed by medium wave)
Package programs for local placement. Over 4500 hours per week
on some 1500 Latin American stations (counting all programs, of
which those relating to Cuba represent a large proportion).
USIA-Miami Office (1 Foreign Service Officer, 11 Cuban employees)
producing daily half-hour package of interviews, excerpts from
letters, refutations latest Cuban propaganda.
Themes (see attached memorandum)
Press and Publications
Wireless file: 10,000 words news and commentary daily via teletype
to all Latin American posts for placement in local press. Average
15 articles weekly relating Cuban situation.
-
Packet materials
-
Articles and photos of more timeless interest
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 46
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
-2-
C
-
mailed to posts.
Miami Office provides articles on latest Cuban developments derived
from interviews with refugees and study of Cuban press and radio.
-
Publications. Six anti-Castro cartoon books distributed in eight
million copies. New series in progress, including one on food
shortages in communist world and Cuba, and three cartoon books on
Alliance for Progress theme.
Mexico Reproduction Center and USIS posts in Latin America originate
a number of pamphlets on Cuba.
Book Development
Support of low-cost Spanish editions of anti-Castro books, which have
included "Las Cadenas Vienen de Lejos," by Alberto Baeza Flores; "Cuba,
First Satellite in the Americas," by Daniel James; "El Infidel Castro"
by Yves Gilbert; and now in production, "The Sensual Revolution" by
Victor Franco. Portuguese edition in Brazil of Theodore Draper's
"Castro's Cuba: Myths and Realities."
Television
"Panorama Panamericano"
-
weekly 15-minute videotaped show televised
regularly in 42 cities of 18 Latin American countries with estimated
10 million viewers.
Special productions. Examples: Film on Cuban children, "Tactics of
Communism" series (one on Castro land reform), missile crisis specials,
etc.
Acquisitions. Examples: "Anatomy of Betrayal Dateline Cuba" (from
Armstrong Circle Theater; "The Tunnel" (Berlin wall documentary from
NBC).
Films
"Horizons"
-
monthly news film magazine for commercial theater showings
in Latin America, featuring occasional items on Cuba.
Specials "The Unfinished Struggle"; "The Promised Land" (animation
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 47
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
C
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
-3-
on land reform); "The Revolution Betrayed," etc.
/
3. USIS Field Operations in Latin America
USIS maintains offices in 45 major cities of Latin America. Total
American field personnel in Latin America is 215, including 29 Student
Affairs Officers and 9 Labor Information Officers, Locally-employed
nationals total 782. USIS assists 119 Binational Centers in the area.
Most
Major posts are equipped to carry out extensive press, film,
radio, exhibit, book, cultural, and personal contact programs.
posts originate their own materials designed to fit the local situation.
USIA:IAL:WNWagley:mjb
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 48
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
C
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
(Attachment to February 6, 1963 paper: "Current USIA Programs on Cuba")
Current Voice of America Programming on Cuba
The Voice of America broadcasts 8 3/4 hours in Spanish daily
to Latin America, of which 2 3/4 hours is tailored especially for
the Cuban audience. The transmission times of the Cuban hours are
6:00 to 7:00 a.m., and 10:00 to 11:45 p.m.
The "Appointment with Cuba" hour (10:00 to 11:00 p.m.) consists
of 15 minutes of news, followed by a five-minute commentary on some
development in the Cuban situation, a 30-minute Miami-produced package
(interviews with refugees, commentaries refuting the latest Cuban
propaganda claims, excerpts of letters received from listeners inside
Cuba), and a ten-minute sports feature emphasizing the activities of
Cuban athletes in the U.S.
The 11:00 to 11:45 p.m. broadcast opens with 15 minutes of news
and is followed either by a half-hour dramatization or a 15-minute
news documentary and 15 minutes of features. A 150-installment series
of a soap-opera type adventure, featuring three brothers combatting
a Castro-like regime, was run at this time until recently.
A new
series of this dramatization is now being produced under contract in
Miami with Cuban writers and actors and will soon be broadcast to Cuba
in the same time spot.
The 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. broadcast to Cuba also opens with 15 minutes
of world news and repeats the Miami package and features of the previous
night.
In the six hours of daily broadcasts to the general Latin American
audience, which can also be heard in Cuba, the total material relating
to the Cuban situation averages approximately one hour. This consists
of commentaries, interviews with refugees, and news documentaries.
In addition to the short-wave broadcasts (relayed also to Cuba
on medium wave by two mobile transmitters), the main features on Cuba
are sent out as tapes to all USIS posts in Latin America for placement
with some 1500 local radio stations. The number of listeners reached
by this means is many times greater than the shortwave audience.
The main themes emphasized in the Voice's Cuban programming are:
1) Castro's betrayal of a legitimate national revolution; 2) the sub-
servience of the Cuban regime to international communism; 3) the economic
failures of the regime, relating these to the pattern of communist failures
in the rest of the world; 4) the isolation of Cuba in the face of continental
solidarity opposing Cuba's alliance with the communist bloc; and 5) the U.S.
position that Cuba will one day be free.
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
MA
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 49
SECRET,
USIA RADIO BROADCASTING TO LATIN AMERICA
1. Direct Shortwave
Spanish - 8 hours/45 minutes per day.
(3 hours are programmed for Cuba)*
b. Portugese 3 hours per day.
2. Packaged Programs
Spanish and Portugese language tapes are air-mailed to USIA
stations in Latin America
some 4,000 hours per week are broadcast
over 1,500 local stations.
zations, news documentaries about the Alliance for Progress, economics,
political commentaries, etc.
The program material consists of dramati-
3. Miscellaneous
About 150 LA local stations rebroadcast (either simultaneously
or from tapes) portions of the Spanish and Portugese programs listed
in "Direct Shortwave" above. These rebroadcasts are in medium wave bands
to local audiences. USIA has no estimate of the total hours involved
per day or week.
*This time is simultaneously broadcast over medium wave transmitters
to Cuba and the Caribbean.
(Data supplied by:
Mr. William Wagley of USIA
Code 182/2340)
13 February 1963
SECRET
$
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 50
"

FUNDS
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 51
TOP SECRET
FUNDS
GENERAL: Despite continuing reports of Castro/Communist
offers of financial assistance to individuale and groups in Latin
Americe, there is no proof that the delivery of funds was actually
made. Cash transactions other than those made with Cuban pesos
outside of Cuba would be virtually impossible to trace. There is
some fairly firm evidence that in March 1962 an mount of $10,000
was provided to the Guatemalan "13 November Movement" based in Mexico
City for use in actions against the Government of Guatemala.
Individuals travelling to Cuba on various occasions
are known to have received both transportation and financial assistance,
but the amounts have not been established. A mmber of reports indicate
representatives in Latin America have channelled funds to sympathetic
individuals or groups.
TAB
1.
2.
EVIDENCE OF FUNDS
This Tab contains a summary of the sole report considered
as evidence of fund transfers by DIA. CIA representatives
have informed DIA that the original raw report is not
immediately available.
REPORTS OF CUBAN FUNDS FOR SUBVERSION
This Tab contains a large number of reports alleging fund
transfers in Brazil, Guatemala, Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador,
Nicaragua, and Honduras. Most of the reports indicate the
funds are to be used in activities against the local government.
(Amounts vary from small sums for travel up to thousands of dollars).
TOP SECRET
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 52
о
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 53
い
SECRET NO FURTHER DISSEMINATION
-
Guatemala: A new attempt to oust the Ydigoras regime may be
made shortly by the Cuban-supported "13 November" group of ex-
Guatemalan army men. The Guatemalen military attache in Mexico
told his U.S. counterpart there that "13 November" leaders in Mexico
appear well-financed and are buying arms and supplies for an operation
to begin late this month or early next.
The group, which led a guerrilla outbreak earlier this year,
is reported by a usually reliable source to have received at least
$10,000 in Cuban financial assistance since last March. Meanwhile,
sporadic bomb explosions in Guatemala City may mark the beginning of
a new anti-government campaign, though the U.S. Embassy there reports
that at the moment there are no vital issues stirring up popular feeling
against the regime.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 54
SECRET
NO FURTHER DISSEMINATION
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 55
CONFIDENTIAL
Monthly financial aid from the Cuban Embassy in Rio de Janeiro
to Julleo's left-wing peasant leagues in northeastern Brasil has
reportedly been cut off by orders from Hovane. A key leader of the
diesident Commmist Party of Brazil may have been responsible for the
cutoff by recently revealing the serious internal friction within Juliao's
organization to a Cuban Thibassy official. (CIP DDP Recife TDCB-3,530,312,
5 December, CONFIDENTIAL)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 56
CONFIDENTIAL
C
ORMATION REPORT
FILE
LARIC
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
Guatemala/Cuba
Planned Return of Manuel
Galich as Presidential
Candidate, with Possible
Support from Fidel Castro
REPORT NO.
CS-3/536,093
DATE DISTR.
5 February 1963
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD
DATE OF
January 1963
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
SOURCE:
Guatemala, Guatemala City
22 January 1963
FIELD REPORT NO.
HGG-2907
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Former Guatemalan police official (B); from a member (B)
of the Communist Party of Guatemala. Appraisal of Content: 3.
Upon his return from Habana, Cuba, from the anniversary
celebrations, Humberto Barillas, member of the Partido
Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT), said that, in addition to
a meeting with Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, he had also talked with
Manuel Galich, Fidel Castro, and Jose Manuel Fortuny. He
said that Galich had told him that he would return to Guatemala
to begin his presidential campaign toward the end of February
and that Castro had offered to lend Barillas money to be
used in Galich's campaign.
1. Field Comment.
See TDCS-3/535,004.
Headquarters Comments
Barillas' first name was reported as Gilberto in CS-3/532,931
and CS-3/535,649.
2. Galich, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs under Arbenz;
is now head of the Communist Cultural Center in Habana.
Fortuny is a former secretary-general of the Communist
Party of Guatemala.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 57
VINFORMATION REPOR
REPORTE V INSORVATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of
18. U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per
✓ aws. Title
sunited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY Colombia/Venezuela/Cuba
EXPORT
REVOLUT
SUBJECT
Cuban Subversive Activities in
Colombia and Venezuela
REPORT NO.
DATE DISTR..
CS-3/535,595
30 January 1963.
NO. PAGES
3
DATE OF
INFO.
1962
PLACE &
REFERENCES
RD -W-2107
January 1963
DATE ACQ. Colombia, Cali (7 January 1963)
SOURCE:
FIELD REPORT NO. HLB-3158.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Member(F) of The Communist Party of Colombia in Cali.
of Content:
Appraisal
1. During a discussion on 5 January 1963 between Amado de Jesus Zapata,,
member of the Department of Valle Regional Committee of the Communist
Party of Colombia (FCC), and P. I. Plata, whom Zarata describes as a
Cuban deep-cover agent working with the Seventh of January Worker-
Student-Peacant Movement (NOEC) in Colombia and Venezuela, both
criticized the FCC for its soft policy and fear of taking a more active
role in the guerrilla activities in Colombia. They indicated there
is a split between the followers of Gilberto Vieira White, Political
Secretary of the PCC, and those who advocate the Castro-Communist concept
of active participation in the guerrilla bands. Both agreed the only hope for
the FCC is to follow the Castro policy, as have the Communist Parties of Peru,
(Venezuela, and Bolivia. Plata said it is possible there will soon be a change
in the position of the PCC leaders in Bogota.
Plata said the NOEC is not a local movement but rather part of a Latin
American concept which is being assisted by Castro and the Cuban
Government. He said he has been in Cali for one year on a special.
assignment from the top leaders in Cuba to see that arms, propaganda;
and instructions from Venezuela, (originating in Cuba, get into the
bands of the MONC groups. Plata said he has also been helping to
recruit Venezuelan youth, largely from schools and universities, to
fight with the MOEC bands in Colombia.
Plata said he lived for many years in Caracas and that his apartment there
is still a meeting place of Cuban guerrilla leaders operating in Venezuela.
Two Castro, agents, who represent themselves as being anti-Castro, live in
his apartment now. He added that the apartment is a center that maintains
contact with Colombia through associates in Bucaramanga, Cucuta, and Bogota,
and that several Cubans and Cuban-trained Colombians are working with
the MOFC in Colombia. He said that. Fedro Emilio Castro, Fidel's older
brother, lived for a long time at his apartment in Caracas, but has now returned:
to Cuba, where he is not involved in volities. Plata added he has visited
Cuba several times, the last visit in February 1961, when he was introduced to
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
Fidel
[STATE # 1✗
ARMY
NAVY
AIR
#
#
YNSA
OCR
✗
✗ DIA
1X TBL
2
I&NS ☑
REPCINCLANT CINCARIB #
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "x"; Field distribution by "#".).
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 58
CONTR
ON REPORT
__
CS-3/535,595
Castro and had two conferences with him. The Castro organization in Caracas is
in direct contact with Castro agents in Miami, who consider Caracas their most
important center in Latin America. The Miami group, which is made up of persons
in the anti-Castro organization there who ostensibly escaped from Cuba, maintains
contacts with all of the Latin American groups.
Plata said an important shipment for MOEC is due to arrive from Venezuela via
Cucuta in February 1963. It is to be used in the MOEC plans to increase their
activities in the Department of Santander. Plata mentioned Santander several times
in the discussion as an area where the MOEC will play a more important role in
Aviolence in the future. He said there are several MOEC training areas in Colombia
and Venezuela. Plata said he ostensibly is a salesman of refrigeration equipment
for Comerciales Unidas Ltda., Carrera 5a No. 15-75, Cali 3 He said most of the
MOEC representatives in Colombia pose as traveling salesmen.
He asserted MOEC
is looking for new people who are not known to the Colombian authorities to help.
them transport arms and equipment around the country.
Plata said he was born in the municipality of Malaga, 4 in the Department of
Santander; that he is married to Maruja de Plata, who has one arm missing; and
that they have two daughters, one of whom is married to a Venezuelan doctor.
כז
6. On 6 January 1963. Zapata and Plata went to "Los Panchos," a restaurant near the
country club of Cali. The owner of the restaurant, a Gomez (fnu), is a member of
the MOEC. They inspected a new tent that was acquired for a MOEC guerrilla leader
known as "Mariposo, who is active in the northern part of the Department of
Tolima. Plata expressed a desire to obtain more of the tents for MOEC operations
in other areas. He said he was expecting money from Venezuela by the first of
February. Francisco Calero, 6 formerly thought to be the MOEC leader in Cali,
attended the meeting briefly and was ordered around as a subordinate of Plata.
17. During the conversation at the restaurant it was asserted that Fidel Castro had
given US 50,000 dollars to Luis Emiro Valencia, one of the leaders of the United
Front for Revolutionary Action (FUAR). The money had been given to Valencia to
build up an organization to participate more actively in sabotage and guerrilla
activities. It was said that Valencia used the money for his private use and as
a result the FUAR has collapsed and might not be assisted any more by Castro.
Since the failure of FUAR, there is increased importance on the NOEC organization. 7
::
Source Comment. Plata, who appears to be approximately 60 years old,
is well acquainted with the MOEC contacts in Ibague. He also has
a very close relationship with Zapata, who was in complete agreement
with the criticism of the "soft line" of the PCC as represented by
Vieira. It also appears there is a much closer understanding and
co-operation between MOEC and PCC at this level than appears on
lower levels.
Field Comments
Members of the Regional Committee of the Department of Valle have
expressed differences in the recent past with the action of the
Central Committee of the PCC over the lack of action during
the Cuban blockade. They also have spoken of their plans to
participate in sabotage in the Cali area. Apparently the aggres
sive faction, headed by Zapata, has been overruled by Jose
Cardona Hoyos, secretary-general of the local regional committee.
Cucuta, capital of the Department of Norte de Santander, is on
the Venezuelan border and is a traditional center of smuggling
between the two countries.
There is no record of Comerciales Unidas in the Cali telephone
directory. Plata did present his business card, which lists
the address and name of the company as reported above.
Malaga is in the east central part of the Department of Santander,
about 80 miles from the Venezuelan border.
'
"Mariposo" is the alias of a MOEC guerrilla leader who controls
band in the northern part of the Department of Tolima.
Cf. CS-3/533,975.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 59
in the anti-Castro organization there who ostensibly escaped from Cuba, mallcalls
contacts with all of the Latin American groups.
Plata said an important shipment for MOEC is due to arrive from Venezuela via
Cucuta in February 1963. It is to be used in the MOEC plans to increase their
activities in the Department of Santander. Plata mentioned 
Santander several 
times
in the discussion as an area where the MOEC will play a more important 
role in
violence in the future. He said there are several MOEC training 
areas in 
Colombia.
and Venezuela. Plata said he ostensibly is a salesman of refrigeration equipment
He 
said most of the
for Comerciales Unidas Ltda., Carrera 5a No. 15-75, Cali 3
He asserted MOEC
MOEC representatives in Colombia pose as traveling salesmen.
is looking for new people who are not known to the Colombian authorities to help.
them transport arms and equipment around the country..
5. Plata said he was born in the municipality of Malaga, 4 in the Department of
Santander; that he is married to Maruja de Plata, who has one arm 
missing; 
and
that they have two daughters, one of whom is married to a 
Venezuelan doctor.
"
On 6 January 1963 Zapata and Plata went to "Los Panchos," a restaurant near the
(country club of Cali. The owner of the restaurant, a Gomez (fnu
), is a member 
of
the MOEC. They inspected a new tent that was acquired 
for a MOEC guerrilla leader
known as "Mariposo, who is active in the northern 
part of the Department of
Tolima. Plata expressed a desire to obtain more of the tents for 
MOEC 
operations:
in other areas.. He said he was expecting money from Venezuela by 
the first of
February. Francisco Calero, 6 formerly thought to be the 
MOEC leader in Cali,
attended the meeting briefly and was ordered around as a subordinate 
of Plata
.
During the conversation at the restaurant it was asserted that Fidel Castro had
given US 50,000 dollars to Luis Emiro Valencia, one of the leaders of 
the 
United
Front for Revolutionary Action (FUAR). The money had been 
given to Valencia to
build up an organization to participate more actively in sabotage 
and guerrilla
activities. It was said that Valencia used the money for his 
private use and 
as
a result the FUAR has collapsed and might not be assisted any more by Castro
.
Since the failure of FUAR there is increased importance 
on the MOEC 
organization. 7
::
Source Comment. Plata, who appears to be approximately 60 years old,
is well acquainted with the MOEC contacts in Ibague. He also has
a very close relationship with Zapata, who was in complete agreement
with the criticism of the "soft line" of the PCC as represented by
Vieira. It also appears there is a much closer understanding and
co-operation between MOEC and PCC at this level than appears on
lower levels.
Field Comments
1. Members of the Regional Committee of the Department of Valle have
expressed differences in the recent past with the action of the
Central Committee of the PCC over the lack of action during
the Cuban blockade. They also have spoken of their plans to
participate in sabotage in the Cali area. Apparently the aggres-
sive faction, headed by Zapata, has been overruled by Jose
Cardona Hoyos, secretary-general of the local regional committee.
F
Cucuta, capital of the Department of Norte de Santander, is on
the Venezuelan border and is a traditional center of smuggling
between the two countries.
.i
There is no record of Comerciales Unidas in the Cali telephone
directory. Plata did present his business card, which lists
the address and name of the company as reported above.
Malaga is in the east central part of the Department of Santander,
about 80 miles from the Venezuelan border.
a
"Mariposo" is the alias of a MOEC guerrilla leader who controls
band in the northern part of the Department of Tolima.
Cf. CS-3/533,975.
Calero appeared to be the MOEC leader in Cali by virtue of the
fact that he represented it in meetings with the PCC and FUAR
during the Cuban blockade. It now appears he is a local agent
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 60

S-E-C-R-E-T
7.
-
- 3 -
CS-3/535,595
who devotes part time to MOEC, being directed by Plata, who is
probably a full-time agent of the Castro government in charge
of recruiting and controlling Cuban assistance to the organiza-
tion in the Cali area.
The FUAR seems to have been in a recess during recent months in
the Cali area. In early November Luis Emiro Valencia, one of
the leaders of the FUAR, was asked directly if there was any
truth to the story circulating in Cali that Castro had given
him 50,000 dollars to help FUAR. He laughed and asserted the
amount mentioned in Bogota is only 30,000. He said his only
assistance from Cuba was a 1,000-dollar first prize in a literary
contest in 1959 or 1960 and two paid trips thereafter to
judge other literary contests. It is difficult to determine
the truth of Valencia's denial or the charges mentioned herein.
The story has been circulating in Cali for approximately six
months and could be hearsay on the part of either Plata or
Zapata. It is noteworthy that Valencia has refused to espouse
common ideology with the PCC, except for Castro, which Valencia
insists he will not accept if it is a tool of international
Communism.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 61
S-E-C-R-E-T
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
TELEGRAM
material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States.
773 and 
794. the 
transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an
within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C Secs
unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
SECRET/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
COUNTRY NICARAGUA/COSTA RICA/MEXICO/CUBA/USSR
SUBJECT
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
FUNDS SUPPLIED BY SOVIET EMBASSY
IN MEXICO CITY TO PROMOTE CASTRO-
SPONSORED INVASION OF NICARAGUA
13 JAN 1963
NICARAGUA, MANAGUA, 15 JAN 63)
DATE ACQ.
APPRAISAL 3
SOURCE
REPORT NO.
TDCS 3/534,229
DATE DISTR. 16 JANUARY 1963
PRECEDENCE PRIORITY
REFERENCES
FIELD REPORT NO.
02 45
IN
50894
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL (C).
(FIELD COMMENT: SOURCE SAID THAT HIS INFORMATION HAD BEEN CONFIRMED.)
1. OCTAVIO FLORES, NICARAGUAN CITIZEN CONNECTED WITH A BUSINESS IN THE
UNITED STATES, VISITED THE SOVIET EMBASSY IN MEXICO CITY ON 13 JANUARY
1963, WHERE HE WAS GIVEN $20,000, WHICH HE TOOK TO SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA,
THAT SAME DAY. THE MONEY IS TO BE USED TO PROMOTE A CASTRO-SPONSORED
INVASION OF NICARAGUA.
2. ON 15 JANUARY REYNALDO VIQUEZ RUIZ, NICARAGUAN COMMUNIST LEADER, FLEW
FROM MANAGUA TO SAN JOSE WHERE HE PLANNED TO MEET FLORES.
30
FLORES HAS 75 SUBMACHINE GUNS AT LAS BRISAS WHICH IS ON THE COSTA RICA-
NICARAGUA BORDER.
40 FIELD DISSEM: CINCARIB, CINCLANT.
END OF MESSAGE
CLASSIFICATION
-
DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
SECRET/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
STATE/INR DIA ARMY/ACSI
STATE/DIR
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
| NAVY AIR JCS SECDEF NSA NIC AID USIA OCI ONE OCR ORR OBI 00 FBI
EXO
DD/I I&NS
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
FORM
5-62
1Kb
OBSOLETE PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 62
(15-20)
FUNDS
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
FORTY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the
793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited b
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
18. U.S.C Secs:
SECRET
(When Filled In)
COUNTRY
NICARAGUA HONDURAS CUBA.
REPORT
TDCS
DIA AR-3
SUBJECT
1. PLANS OF THE FLN TO MAKE AN ARMED ATTEMPT
AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT OF NICARAGUA
CUBAN SUPPORT OF THE MOVEMENT
"DATE_DISTR.
3535,840
JANUARY 1963
PRECEDENCE
ROUTINE
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
REFERENCES
12-25 JANUARY 1963-
IN,
59179
NICARAGUA, MANAGHA (28-29 JANUARY 1963)..
DATE ACQ.
APPRAISAL 3
SOURCE
FIELD REPORT NO.*
HNM-
1-740
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
"
A NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL (c); FROM A NICARAGUAN OFFICIAL IN HONDURAS (F);
FROM A MEMBER (F) OF THE FLN.
Сиваш дета
LEADERS OF THE FRENTE DE LIBERACION NACIONAL (FLN-NATIONAL
,
LIBERATION FRONT), A CUBAN-SUPPORTED ANTI-SOMOZA REVOLUTIONARY GROUP,
PLAN TO SEND FOUR GROUPS OF GUERRILLAS FROM HONDURAS INTO NICARAGUA
WHEN SUFFICIENT ARMS AND MEN HAVE BEEN COLLECTED. (SOURCE COMMENT:
THE FLN WILL NOT BE READY TO BEGIN GUERRILLA ACTIVITIES UNTIL SOMETIME
· AFTER THE NICARAGUAN. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS WHICH WILL BE HELD ON 3
FEBRUARY 63.) THREE OF THE GROUPS. FROM HONDURAS PLAN TO ATTACK
NICARAGUAN MILITARY POSTS AT OCOTAL, SOMOTO, AND JINOTEGA.
FOURTH GROUP WILL OPERATE IN THE CAPE GRACIAS A DIOS AREA AND WILL
BĘ SUPPLIED BY SMALL BOATS. THE FLN PLANS TO SUPPLY THE OTHER GROUPS
CLASSIFICATION — DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
THE
SECRET
STATE/INR DIA ARMY/ACSI NAVY AIR
STATE/DIR
JCS SECDEF NSA
NIC
AID
US I A
ОС 1
ONE
OCR
ORR
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
OBI
00 EXO
FBI I&NS
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
FORM 1K
OBSOLETE PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 63
(15-20)
SECRET
(
(When Filled In)
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS'
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
IN
TDCS -3/535,840
PAGE
59179
2
BY AIR AND A LANDING STRIP IS BEING PREPARED ON THE PLAINS NEAR CERRO
AGUILA. THE ATTACKS BY THE GROUPS FROM HONDURAS WILL BE COORDINATED
WITH SIMILAR ATTACKS WHICH WILL BE MADE BY FLN GROUPS WHICH HAVE
BEEN ORGANIZED WITHIN NICARAGUA.
2. THE FLN IS BEING DIRECTED FROM CUBA AND IS ORGANIZED IN HONDURAS
AND NICARAGUA. GUILLERMO URBINA VASQUEZ AND DR. NOEL JARQUIN TOLEDO,
NICARAGUAN COMMUNISTS OR PRO-COMMUNISTS WHO LIVE IN HONDURAS, WILL
(SOURCE COMMENT:
BE IN CHARGE OF ALL FLN ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE CUBA.
THEY WILL REPLACE CARLOS FONSECA AMADOR, FORMER CHIEF OF THE FLN IN
HONDURAS, ON DIRECT ORDERS FROM CUBA. FONSECA WILL BE IN CHARGE OF
THE GUERILLA GROUP THAT WILL OPERATE NEAR CAPE GRACIAS A DIOS.) DR.
ORLANDO QUANT QUINTANA AND GERMAN GAITAN MORA, NICARAGUAN LEFTISTS
AND REVOLUTIONARIES, ARE THE LEADERS OF THE FLN GROUP IN NICARAGUA.
3.
THE FLN NOW HAS 53 MEN IN THE MOUNTAINS ALONG THE HONDURAN-
NICARAGUAN BORDER UNDER THE COMMAND OF CAPTAIN JOSE DUBAS HERRERA,
AN OFFICER OF THE CUBAN MILITIA. THEY WILL BE JOINED BY 18 MEN WHO
(SOURCE
ARRIVED IN HONDURAS FROM CUBA BETWEEN 15 AND 25 JANUARY:
COMMENT: SOME OF THE 18 TRAVELED TO HONDURAS BY AEROLINEAS PERUANAS
(APSA) AND OTHERS CAME BY LAND THROUGH GUATEMALA AND EL SALVADOR.) ...
4. THE MEN LED BY DUBAS ARE WELL ARMED, BUT ADDITIONAL MEN ARE.
EXPECTED AND MORE ARMS MUST
BE OBTAINED BEFORE THE GUERRILLA OPER-
ATIONS CAN BEGIN.
☐ CRET
ON 17 JANUARY IN TEGUCIGALPA, IVAN OCTAVIO SANCHEZ
CLASSIFICATION DISSEMINATION CONTROLS"
NO FORCION DISSEM
NW 88608 Docld: 32423995 Page 64
SECRET
(When Filled In)
CLASSIFICATION — DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
IN
TDCS -3/535,840
59179
PAGE
ARGUELLO, A LEADER OF THE FLN, SAID THAT HE HAD JUST RECEIVED TEN
HE SAID
THOUSAND DOLLARS (U.S.) TO BE USED TO BUY ARMS FOR THE FLN.
NICARA-
THE MONEY HAD BEEN SENT FROM CUBA BY NOEL GUERRERO SANTIAGO,
GUAN COMMUNIST AND A LEADER OF THE FLN. (SOURCE COMMENT: AN ADDITION-
AL FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS WAS PROVIDED BY GENERAL CARLOS PASOS LEIVA,
A NICARAGUAN REVOLUTIONARY IN COSTA RICA.) SANCHEZ SAID THAT THE ARMS
WILL BE BOUGHT FROM OFFICERS OF THE HONDURAN CIVIL GUARD AND SAID
THAT MOST OF THE ARMS THAT THE FLN NOW HAS WERE BOUGHT FROM THE CIVIL
GUARD...
THE GOVERNMENT OF HONDURAS IS AIDING THE FLN AND HAS ASSIGNED
HIVE HONDURAN ARMY OFFICERS AS INSTRUCTORS. HONDURAN OFFICIALS WHO
ARE COOPERATING WITH THE FLN INCLUDE: MODESTO RODAS ALVARADO,
PRESIDENT OF THE HONDURAN CONGRESS, OSCAR MORALES, A DEPUTY, DAVEY
HUNTER, DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE HONDURAN SECURITY SERVICE, JORGE E. REINA,
AND COLONEL MARCELINO PONCE.
6. THE FLN IS TRYING TO RECRUIT LIEUTENANTS AGUSTIN RAUDES AND
ON 18 JANUARY
ALFREDO QUESADA, OFFICERS OF THE NICARAGUAN AIR FORCE.
EITEL BOLANOS ORTEGA, A MEMBER OF THE FLN IN HONDURAS, SAID THAT THE
FLN HAD SENT LETTERS TO RAUDES AND QUESADA ASKING FOR THEIR COOPERATION.
THE LETTERS WERE DELIVERED BY FANNY MANEUT DE ULLOA.
☐
FIELD DISSEM: STATE ARMY CINCARIB CINCLANT.
CECRET
END OF MESSAGE.
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 65
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
cterial contains information arting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Expon a Title
Band 794, the transmeton or revelation of which in any manner 
to an unauthorized person a prot
S-E-C-R-E-T-
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
by law.
COUNTRY
Cuba/Brazil
REPORT NO.
CS-3/530,889
Cuban Aid to Brazilian
DATE DISTR.
11 December 1962
Revolutionaries”.
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
RD. -W-2107
§
February 1962
JANE ACQ. Spain Madrid (9 March 1962)
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE.
APPRAISAL CF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
official Spanish service.
Appraisal of Content:
An early February 1962 there was a meeting of the directorate
of the Communist Party of Cuba and the Brazilian 
leaders
Francisco Juliao and Basilio Rodriguez da 
Silva.
The meeting
also attended by Fidel Castro, Raul Castro, Ernesto "Che"
It was
Guevara, Ramiro Valdes, and the Soviet Ambassador
.
agreed: (a) to send $500,000 (dollars) in cash for propaganda-
(b) to eliminate 
physically Governor
campaigns in Brazil,
Carlos Lacerda, (c) to send to Brazil 1,000,000 copies of
Miguel Ruberas, 
Director
the Second Declaration of Habana.
was called
Of Press of the Ministry of Foreign Relations,
in enginect Ton with the sending of 
the 1,000,000 
copies; his.
attention was called to the fact that the 
sending of
propaganda through the diplomatic pouch to Brazil had been.
unsatisfactory in recent months.
At the meeting the Soviet Ambassador took a strong stand
that an all-out effort should be made to produce 
on
He also said that Brazil 
would 
have
uprising in Brazil.
to follow Soviet practice in that certain politicians and
men of the right would have to be eliminated
.
Juliao, Rodriguez da Silva and other Brazilians received.
four days' training at El Caribe Military School 
in the
use of arms and preliminary instructions 
in guerrilla
warfare. The instructor was General Alberto 
Bayo.
ABA
X NAVY
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
1✗
AIR
CINCLANT CINCARIB #
Welton linied by ""; Field distribution by
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 66
(2
1 Excluded fo
downgree;
NSA
OCR
☐X DIA
I&NS. X
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
CS-3/530,889
"Headquarters Comment. Ruborasid probably identical with
Miguel Brugueras del Valle, who was dosoxibed as Director
of the Press Department on the official list of delegates
So the Foreign Ministers! Meeting in Uruguay in January
1962. Brugueras is now assigned to the Cuban Embassy in
Brazil as Cultural Attache.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 67
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
The Lima paper La Tribuna on 3 December published a document which it
was claired had been found in the crashed Brazilian plane in which ten
Cuban officials died. Without referring specifically to Cuba, the paper
discusses a "national and another international congress of solidarity"
to be held in Brazil from 16 to 20 January, 1963; and it requests $10,000
additional to help finance these congresses. The Lima article about the
document suggested that the request vas intended for Fidel Castro and
that its discovery was another indication that Cube is financing Latin
American Communism. (FBIS Daily Report, 5 December, OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 68
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
1. COUNTRY
SUBJECT
Guatemala/Cuba
Planned Return of Manuel
Galich as Presidential
Candidate, with Possible
Support from Fidel Castro
REPORT NO.
CS-3/536,093
DATE DISTR.
5 February 1963
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
SOURCE:
January 1963
Guatemala, Guatemala City
22 January 1963
RD
Exporting Resolution
FIELD REPORT NO. HGG-2907
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Former Guatemalan police official (B); from a member (B)
of the Communist Party of Guatemala. Appraisal of Content:
Upon his return from Habana, Cuba, from the anniversary
celebrations, Humberto Barillas, member of the Partido
Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT), said that, in addition to
a meeting with Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, he had also talked with
Manuel Galich, Fidel Castro, and Jose Manuel Fortuny. He
said that Galich had told him that he would return to Guatemala
to begin his presidential campaign toward the end of February
and that Castro had offered to lend Barillas money to be
used in Galich's campaign.
1. Field Comment.
See TDCS-3/535,004.
Headquarters Comments
Barillas' first name was reported as Gilberto in CS-3/532,931
and CS-3/535,649.
2.
Galich, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs under Arbenz,
is now head of the Communist Cultural Center in Habana.
Fortuny is a former secretary-general of the Communist
Party of Guatemala.
GROUP 1
STATE #
✗ ARMY # X NAVY
REPCINCLANT CINCARIB #
S-E-C-R-E-T
☑ AIR 1☑ NSA
☑ OCR
☑ DIA
FBI
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X", Field distribution by "#".)
XXCLUDED FROM AUTOMATIO
DOWNGRADING AND
DECLASSIFICATION
☑AID
USIA ☑
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 69
732–
2
1
ن
INFORMATION RETORT
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws. Title
18. US.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in a manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
INFO.
DATE OF
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
SOURCE:
Ecuador/Cuba
Refusal of Jorge Rivadeneyra
Altamirano to Account to the
Cuban Government for Funds
Received for Revolutionary
Purposes
Mid-January 1963.
Ecuador, Quito
17 January 1963
CS-3/535,793
REPORT NO.
DATE DISTR.
1 February 1963
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD
FIELD REPORT NO.
HEQ-3102
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Member (B) of the Communist Youth. Appraisal of Content:
Arellano was quoted correctly); 3 (truth of Arellano's
statements).
2 (that
On 16 January 1963 Jorge Arellano Gallegos, a leader of the Communist
Party of Ecuador (Partido Commista de Ecuador, RE) in Quito, said
that Jorge Rivadeneyra Altamirano, leader of the abortive guerrilla
movement at Santo Domingo de los Colorados in April 1962, had been
called to Cuba to explain the expenditure of funds given him by
the Cuban Government for revolutionary purposes. "Arellano added
that Rivadeneyra had refused to go to Cuba. According to Arellano,
Santiago Perez Romoleroux, who was also involved in the guerrilla
movement, had returned to the Cuban Government 50,000 sucres (about
US$2,273) which had been entrusted to him.
CRIT
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 70
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic)
downgrading and
declassification

TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs
nd 794, the transmission or 
revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
SECRET/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY NICARAGUA/COSTA RICA/MEXICO/CUBA/USSR
SUBJECT
FUNDS SUPPLIED BY SOVIET EMBASSY
IN MEXICO CITY TO PROMOTE CASTRO-
SPONSORED INVASION OF NICARAGUA
Я
REPORT NO.
TDCS 3/531,229.
DATE DISTR.
16 JANUARY 1963*
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
13 JAN 1963
NICARAGUA, MANAGUA, 15 JAN 63)
DATE ACQ.
APPRAISAL 3
SOURCE
С
PRECEDENCE PRIORITY
REFERENCES
FIELD REPORT NO.
02 45
IN
50894
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
NICARAGUAN GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL (C).
(FIELD COMMENT: SOURCE SAID THAT HIS INFORMATION HAD BEEN CONFIRMED.)
1. OCTAVIO FLORES, NICARAGUAN CITIZEN CONNECTED WITH A BUSINESS IN THE
UNITED STATES, VISITED THE SOVIET EMBASSY IN MEXICO CITY ON 13 JANUARY
1963, WHERE HE WAS GIVEN $20,000, WHICH HE TOOK TO SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA,
THAT SAME DAY. THE MONEY IS TO BE USED TO PROMOTE A CASTRO-SPONSORED
INVASION OF NICARAGUA.
2. ON 15 JANUARY REYNALDO VIQUEZ RUIZ, NICARAGUAN COMMUNIST LEADER, FLEW
FROM MANAGUA TO SAN JOSE, WHERE HE PLANNED TO MEET FLORES.
3. FLORES HAS 75 SUBMACHINE GUNS AT LAS BRISAS, WHICH IS ON THE COSTA RICA-
NICARAGUA BORDER.
42 FIELD DISSEM: CINCARIB, CINCLANT.
END OF MESSAGE
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
SECRET/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
STATE/INR/ DIA ARMY/ACSI NAVY
VY 
AIR JCS SECDEF NSA NIC AID JUSTA OCI ONE OCR ORR 081 00 FRI
STATE/DIR
EXO
DD/I I&NS
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
5-62
FORM 1Kb
OBSOLETE PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 71
(15-20)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 72
TRAINING
i
SECRET
COPY
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
NO FOREIGN DISSEM/CONTROLLED DISSEM/NO DISSEN ARROAD/BACKGROUND USE ONLY
COUNTRY
OBJECT
ECUADOR/CUBA/LAFIN AMERICA
REPORT NO. IDCS DB-3/653,193
DATE DISTR: 11 FEBRUARY 1963
FINANCIAL SUPPORT BY CUBAN
COVERNMENT TO ECUADORAN
COMMUNISTE
Date of Info: 2-4 February 1963
Place:
Ecuador, Quito
Date ACQ
(7 February 1963)
PRECEDERICE: ROUTINE
REFERENCES:
IN 63940
RD-M-2107
Appraisal
2 (THAT THE REMAKRS MADE WERE CORRECTLY
MIMPER (B) OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF ECUADOR.
ON 2 FEBRUARY 1963 A PERSON CLOSE TO PEDRO SAAD, SECRETARY –
GENERAL OF THE COMMUNIST PART OF ECUADOR (FCE), SAID THAT FIDEL
CASTRO HAD PROMISED THAT ALL OF THE MONEY RECEIVED FROM THE UNITED STAILS
IN THE PRISONER EXCHANGES WOULD GO FOR THE "LIBERATION" OF LATIN AMERICA
AND THAT $100,000 HAD BEEN ALLOTTED TO THE PCE, OF WHICH $50,000 HAD
ALREADY BEEN DELIVERED TO THE PCR THROUGH SAAD, SECRETARY-GENERAL, PCE.
PERSON SAID THAT THE NONEY WAS GIVEN UNDER THE CONDITION THAT IT BE
USED EXCLUSIVELY FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE "LIBERATION," INCLUDING
THE LOCAL PURCHASES OF ARMS AND SUPELIES, BUT NOT FOR SALARIES OR
TRIPS, AND THAT SAAD HAD ALREADY SPENT A LARGE PART OF THE MONEY ON
"BUREAUCRATIC EXPENSES."
2. ON 4 FEBRUARY 1963 RAFAEL SCHVERNIA FLORES, SECRETARY-GENERAL
OF THE PINCHINCHA PROVINCIAL COMMITTER OF THE PCR SAID THAT CERTAIN
REQUESTS MADE BY ANTONIO FLORES BENITEZ, LEFTIST REVOLUTIONARY WHO IS
WORKING WITH ECHEVERRIA, IN OCTOBER 1962 FLAD BEEN GRANTED BY THE CUBAN
GOVERNMENT, AND THAT BE (ECHEVERRIA) EXPECTED TO RECEIVE MONEY FROM
CUBA SOON BY WAY OF PEDRO MARTINEZ PIREZ, CUBAN DIPLOMAT IN SANTIAGO,
CHILE. ECHEVERRIA SAID THAT THE MONEY WAS TO BE WITHOUT THE
COPY
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 73
SECRET
SECRET
KNOWLEDGE OF THE NATIONAL LEADERS OF THE PCB, AS CASTRO WAS
FOLLOWING THE CHINESE RATHER THAN THE SOVIET LINE AND WAS HELPING
PEOPLE LIKE ECHEVERRIA WHO WERE ALSO FOLLOWING THE CHINESE LINE. FOR
THIS REASON THE NATIONAL LEADERS OF THE PCE, WHO FOLLOW THE SOTIET LINE,
COULD NOT KE MADE AWARE OF THE HELP.
3. (FIELD COMMENT: IN VIEW OF THE APPARENT CONTRADICTION
BETWEEN THE REPORT THAT CUBA IS SUPPLYING FUNDS TO THE NATIONAL LEADERS
OF THE PCE AND ECEVERRIA'S REMARK THAT CUBA HAS APPROVED FUNDS FOR HIS
GROUP WITHOUT THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE NATIONAL LEADER's OF THE PCE, IT
IS POSSIBLE THAT CUBA 19 FURNISHING ASSISTANCE TO BOTH GROUPS INDEPENDENTLY
AND WITHOUT THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE OTHER GROUP WITH THE AIM OF CONTINUING
ASSISTANCE TO THE GROUP WHICH FIRST SUCCEEDS IN ESTABLISHING QUERRILA
OPERATIONS. THE CUBANS PROBABLY KNOW THAT BOTH GROUPS ARE COMPETING
IN THIS. IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE THAT ECHEVERRIA'S COMMENTS ABOUT CUBA'S
ACTION IN RELATION TO THE SINO-SOVIET DIFFERENCES WERE EITHER GIVEN
TO RIM BY THE CUBANS AS A REASON TO KEEP THE AID SECRET FROM THE NATIONAL
LEADERS OF THE PCE OR WERE INVESTED BY HIM TO IMPRESS HIS LISTENER WITH
THE HELD FOR SECRECY.)
4. FIELD DISSEM: STATE, ARMY, AIR, CINCARIB, CINCLAIPT.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 74
SECRET
SECRET
TRAINING
General:
Immediately after Castro siezed Cuba, Latin Americans
began to visit Cubs at the invitation of the new Cubau Regime. Shortly
thereafter reports of training activities conducted by veterans of the
Sierra Maestra for these visitors began to come in. Initially, the
training was badly handled, poorly organised, and consisted primarily of
indoctrination in the techniques employed by the 26th of July Movement in
its struggle against Batista. Few graduates of these courses vere greatly
impressed by what they had been taught. As Soviet advisors arrived and
made their influence felt, training improved and training facilities were
expended.
The Cuban government established a school in the Sierra
Maestra espable of handling about 600 students where techniques of
guerrilla warfare could be imparted to visiting Latin Americans. Students
sent to this school were mostly teen-age and young adult males selected
from Communist youth and leftist organizations. Some young females were
also included. The course of instruction consisted of physical conditioning,
vespons filiarigation, tactics, demolitions, methods of conducting
demonstrations, leadership, organization of subversive groups, political
indoctrination, etc. Upon completion of the course, graduates vert cent
home to organize and lead local groups and prepare for "the inevitable
revolution. Travel and maintenance expenses generally were borne by the
Cuban government. In 1902, from 1,000 to 1,500 Latin Americans received
this training in Cuba. There is no estimate of the mumber of trainees
currently in Cuba. (See Report at Tab I which was read by the President
end referred to the Cottrell Committee.)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 75
SECRET
SECRET
Note:
Stemnic Committee
On page 92 of Mr. McCone's testimony he states
"think I said that we knew of some 1,000 to 1,500 that were in training
there at the present time.” The duration of the training courses ranges
from 4 to 40 weeks. CIA has indicated informally that the bulk of the
1,000 to 1,500 reported above are still in Cuba.
U.S. intelligence agencies are largely dependent upon
third country sources for information concerning those who received train-
ing in Cuba. Systems of documenting these visitors and their travel to and
from Cuba are in the process of being undertaken by many Latin American
nations. Among the problems which confront Latin American security forces
are the fact that Cuban visitors employ many devious means in travelling
to and from Cuba; some states desire not to infringe on the freedom of
movement of its citizens; the use of false documents or aliases by
travellers; and the difficulty of obtaining a useful exchange of intelli-
gence among Latin States. There is also some problem of separating Cuban-
inspired plotters from the leftists, oppositionists, and political plotters
who travel in neighboring states.
TAB
1
CIA Report on Training of Latin Americans in Cuba
This Tab contains the best overall summary of the training of
Latin Americans in Cuba.
Program of Training
This Tab contains 4 items; (1) Recent detailed reports from en
Argentine Communist who trained in Cuba; (2) Questionaire which
Peruvians training in Cuba were required to fill out; and (3)
Two Reports of student who had access to notes of Salvadoratis return-
ing from Cuba.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 76
SECRET
2
"
5
SECRET
Parel of Individuals to Ghibe for Training
This Tab contains a mmber of orts indicating the travel of
individuals and groupe of up to 30 individuals to Cuba fur
training. These reports indicate training of individuals
Sounder,
Salvador, Paraguay, Argentina, Bresil, Colombia
and the Doutnican Republic. The of the reports indicate that
some of the individuals have received or are scheduled to
ressive training in the Soviet Union.
Activities Upon Return fren Gube
This Tab containe items reporting activities of individuals upon
retinn to their home country (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Peru,
British Gutena, Bounder, Brazil and the Dominican Republic).
These reports vary is deduription of activities in which Cuban
trained individuals will participate (from small scale guerrilla
extivity up to invasion). Numbers referred to in these reports
Tay from one to 400. The top two reporte comect individumis
returning frya Cuba with terrorist type activities.
Miscellaneous Training Repos
Thie Tab contains five items as follows: (1) Interesting report
by student recently returned (ses conclusions lest page); (2)
Two reporte on the use of International Games as è cover zoz
trainings (3) An item reporting Links between Quatemalan a le
group in Cube and training; and (4) Interesting exe:
training from Canadian Ambeads to Cuba.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 77
SECRET
い
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 78
SECRET
THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
January 21, 1963
MEMORANDUM FOR
Mr. Sterling Cottrell
Coordinator of Cuban Affairs
The President has read the attached copy of a
CIA report on the training of Latin Americano
in Cuba. He has aboread the note from Ray
Cline, which is attached.
The President desires that you and your
group take on this problem and report to
him in the usual way.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 79.
Bromley
Bromley Smich
SECRET
Sc
SECRET
To White House (Attn: General Clifton) From Ray S. Cline'
Your note concerning the President's query about subversive
training of Latin Americans in Cubi was mainly answered is our
current intelligence memoranduri of 10 January. We did not
cover, however, the operational question of how to do something
about the flow.
Our general view on this point is as follows. The main thing the
United States can do to restrict the flow of Latin American youth
to Cuba for training in subversion is to frustrate the aims and
tarnish the image of the Castro regime. Beyond this, we should
ry through overt and covert political pressure and educative ef-
s to induce Latin American governments and security serviços
at the main transit points to monitor and impede the traffic of
trainees to and from Cuba. Ways and means of doing this might
well be examined by the. Cottrell task force...
NW 88608 Docld:32423995; Page 80
SECRET

う
SECRET
OCI No. 0474/63
9
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY:
Office of Current. Intelligonco
19 January '1963
CURRENT INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM
SUBJECT:
The Training of Latin Americano in Cuba
1. It is estimated, that at least 1,000. and
perhaps as many as 1,500 individuals from other:
Latin American countries were in Cuba for varying
periods of time during 1962 to receive ideological.
indoctrination or guerrilla warfare training.
Many of them are still there. In addition, during
1962 there were 60 to 70 trainees from British
· Guiana and an undetermined number, perhaps 100,'
from various African countries, including Angolans,
Kenyans, Zanzibaris, and Negro nationalists from
Most of the traincos
the Republic of South Africa.
are young--in their teens, twenties, and early
thirties.. A sizable proportion had attended uni-
versities or secondary schools in home countries.
2. In a public address, on 9 June 1961, Fidol
Castro announced that his government intended to
grant 1,000 scholarships to "poor students" 
from
other Latin American countries for the next, school'
term, and 100 scholarships to students from other.
countries of the world. By this means, Castro has.
explained, the students will be equipped to partic-
ipate in the "construction of socialism" in. their
home countries after the "inevitable anti-imperialist
revolutions" occur there.
·A portion of the students from other Latin
American countries come to Cuba with the idea that'
3.
The estimates of total numbers of trainces in
Cuba excludes those whose visits have been tiod to
a particular event in Cuba such as the 2 January
anniversary celebrations and who have not remained
more than a week or two. Also excluded aro' 
those
who have merely passed through: Cuba on route to tho
Sino-Soviet bloc, as well as the many Communist or
pro-Castro party functionarios, who visit Cuba gro-
quently.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 81
SECRET
SECRET
they are to take standard courses at Cuban univer-
sities or other institutions 
in such subjects as
agronomy, irrigation techniques, 
industrial 
managed
Even if 
their courses in Cuba are as
ment, etc.
represented to them before their arrival, they are
undoubtedly given heavy ideological 
indoctrination
and, like Cuban students, 
expected to "volunteer"..
for various emergency 
tasks such as picking coffee
and harvesting sugar. Many 
of these, probably also
'
receive training in guerrilla 
tactics and other
techniques of subversion.
4. 'Other students are frankly told before
they leave their home countries for 
Cuba that 
their
training in Cuba will be in 
guerrilla warfare tactics
,
that it will be a rigorous 
program, and that they
will be required to maintain 
strict standards of 
con-
duct and security.
5. There have been a number of reports--from
clandestine sources in Cuba, from 
sources in contact
with the trainees after. they 
have returned from Cuba
,
from Cuban refugees, and from 
a few of the trainees
themselves--concerning the 
types of training which
the young non-Cubans undergo 
in Cuba. The guerrilla
training programs for 
Latin Americans in. 1961 and
1962 do not appear to have 
been particularly well
organized. In some instances
, the trainees were:
moved to protest the fact 
that there were long 
periodo
when they were doing little 
or nothing; in other.in-.
stances they were disgruntled 
over what, they felt was
harsh treatment, or when they 
thought. too much was
The majority 
of the trainees,
expected of them.
ever, probably took the experience in stride.
how-
6 .. Included in the guerrilla training programs
have been long marches through the 
forests and moun-
tains, especially in the 
Sierra Maestra mountains
where Castro carried on 
his guerrilla campaign 
against
Batista. Students often are 
required to hike to the
top of Pico Turquino, Cuba's 
highest mountain (6,230
feet). During the hikes, 
they engage in simulated
guerrilla defensive and 
offensive exercises, are
taught how to fend for 
themselves in the wilderness
,
how to find directions with 
compasses and maps, and
how to assure the security of 
their encampments.
Back in their camps, they are 
taught such subjects
25 means of communications 
among guerrilla bands,
strategy and tactics of the 
guerrilla fighter, 
marks-
manship, and weapons familiarization
. One trainee
020
NW 88608 Docid:32423995. Page-82
SECRET
SINISET
reported that they were given instruction only in
US weapons. The instructor explained to 
them 
that
Is guerrillas they must capture and use the 
arms
of the enemy and in Latin America the 
authorities
use US weapons. They are also given instruction
.
in demolition of bridges and other 
structures, in
..
the manufacture of explosives and the 
construction
of Molotov cocktails.
7. Scattered throughout the entire course
are periods of ideological indoctrination, some-
times given in the training camps and 
sometimes
They are also given
for large groups in Havana.
instruction in the general strategy of the "anti-
imperialist struggle" and often specific 
advice
on how best to carry out the struggle 
in their 
in-
dividual countries. A group of 
students from El
Salvador, for instance, visiting 
Cuba last 
October,
were told that they should give more emphasis 
to
the penetration and control of groups 
at the 
National
University and to the control of the 
labor movement,
It was explained to them that they should 
initially
seek as wide support as possible from all 
political
factions and that when the initial stages 
of the
revolution had been accomplished the non-Communists
could be eliminated.
8. The instructors are mostly Cubans, but
there have: been some Spaniards and a few Algerians.
reported among the instructors. General 
Enrique
Lister, Spanish Communist veteran of 
the Spanish
civil war who subsequently received 
military 
training
in the USSR, is in Cuba, He reportedly 
assists in
the guerrilla training program. 
None of the 
reports
on the subject give credible evidence 
of Soviet or
However
,
other bloc instructors for these 
trainees!
a small portion of those trained in Cuba subsequently
go on to the Sino-Soviet bloc where they 
may be sub-
One report 
states that
jected to further training,
the experiences of guerrilla fighters in Algeria and
in Southeast Asia have been used to expand 
on the
Cuban experience to permit a broader study 
of the
"art" of guerrilla warfare,in Cuba. "
9. Fidel Castro and Che Guevara evidently
take a personal interest in the guerrilla training
A 
number of the trainees
of other Latin Americans.
in Cuba have been treated; to personal pep talks from
these, as well as other, Cuban leaders
,"
SECRET
NW 88608 Docid:32423995, Page 83 -
SECRET
00
10. An Argentine trainee who arrived in Cuba
early last July and left in late December has de-
scribed in some detail his experiences in Cuba
during this period. He was first approached by
an Argentine pro-Castro leader last June as to.
whether he would be interested in taking courses
in Cuba on guerrilla warfare and "city fighting.'
After several days he agreed. With three other
Argentines, none of them orthodox Communists but
all of them radicals, he left Buenos Aires on
about 1 July. He traveled by way of Uruguay,
Chile, Brazil, and Trinidad to Cuba. In Chile,
the Cuban embassy supplied him with travel money
and "complimentary visas" to enter Cuba. He ar-
rived in Havana on 5 July. During most of July
he had little to do as a group of about fifty
gradually collected at a camp near, Havana. They
eventually protested this lack of action and
were visited by Fidel Castro, who apparently came
to assure them that their program would shortly'
get underway. On 30 July they began a series of
marches into the woods somewhere in the Organos
mountains in Pinar del Rio province under the
command of two Cuban officers. Most of his activity
between August and October seems to have been con-
cerned with guerrilla training. Training with him.
were 34 others, most if not all of them apparently
Argentines. There were political disputes among
them, particularly concerning the pro-Communist
Argentine Peronist leader John William Cooke, a
political exile in Cuba who apparently had some
degree of authority over the Argentine trainees
but who was resented. by them.
08
11. During the October crisis the entire
group "volunteered" to join the militia in defense
of the Cuban revolution "threatened by Yankee in-
vasion. After the crisis eased, they began classes
in "political economy" taught by a Spaniard named
"Guillen." These classes were held daily for eight
days until 5 November, when the group was again
sent into the field for guerrilla training. They
engaged in firing practice, with various types of
weapons, including rifles and bazookas. On 14
November they were moved to a new area for a new
course in "guerrilla tactics." This included praç-
tice in hanging hammocks, digging trenches, making
Wire entanglements, as well as exercises in the
Mountains. During this period, some members of the
group rebelled against taking another long march in
the rain. The Cuban officers tried to disciplino
040
NW 88608 Docld:32423995. Page 84
SECRET
SECRET
them by making away their food, but then all the
members of the 
group went on a hunger strike in
protest. 
Discipline then appears generally to
have broken down
, the trainees got their way but
were no longer 
motivated to study. The source
and, most other 
members of his group left. Cuba'
and arrived in 
Prague on 23 December.
opportunity, he left Czechoslovakia and reported
At his 
first
his experiences 
to officials in a West European
country.
12. This source's total period of training
in 
Cuba was 
approximately six months. Other
trainees 
have gone for periods of three months or
less. An unknown 
number have probably remained; a
year or more and
, 
in 
some instances, remain in
Cuba indefinietly. The 
latter sometimes join ono
of the numerous 
groups of nationals from particular
Latin American 
countries which, in effect, form
cadres being 
groomed for eventual return to their
countries, 
perhaps "after the revolution."
13. Information from all available sources.
indicates 
that 
nationals of all nineteen other
Latin 
American countries, with the possible ex-
ception of 
Uruguay, have been among those receiving
guerrilla training 
in Cuba during the course of
1962. Venezuelans 
seem most numerous; some 200
of them are 
estimated to have received training in
Cuba during the 
past year. Relatively large numbers
have also come from Peru, 
Ecuador, Argentina, and
Bolivia.
www
BETH ROO
14. Prior to the October crisis, the trainees
going 
to Cuba 
usually traveled by regular commercial
airlines or, on 
some occasions, by specially chartered.
Cuban commercial 
planes. Those coming from South
America generally 
went via Uruguay, Chile, or Brazil
to Trinidad or 
Curacao and from there by regularly
scheduled Cubana 
or KLM planes to Havana.
coming 
from Middle America generally traveled through
Those
Mexico and then by 
Mexicana or Cubana commercial
planes to 
Havana. With the cessation of service to
Cuba by KLM, 
Mexicana, Iberia and other 'Western air-
lines after 
23 October, the regular Cubana service
between Mexico 
City and Havana remains the only di-
rect and regular 
air connection between Cuba and the
: 
rest of Latin America
. There has been a sharp in-
crease in recent 
weeks of travelers to Mexico from
South America 
en route to Cuba. Many of these were
invited for the 
2 January anniversary colebrations
500
SECRET
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 85
SECRET
in Cuba, but others may have remained for training.
15. Trainee transit through Mexico usually in-
volves special procedures by the 
Cuban embassy thero
..
The trainees, who travel as 
tourists, report first
There 
they are given special
to the Cuban embassy.
Cuban entry papers; no entry is made in their pass-
ports. They are given 
pseudonyms for travel out of
and back into Mexico--
apparently a relatively re-
cent innovation.
16. Some of the British Guianeso trainees in
Cuba have arrived aboard the Cuban 
merchant ships
bringing Guianese rice to 
Cuba.
17. Some of the Latin American trainees as-
rive in Cuba via Czech or Cuban 
planes from 
Prague.
It is not clear whether 
this route to Cuba is die-
tated by difficulties of getting 
there by way of
Mexico or whether the 
students involved were al-
ready in Europe.
NW. 88608, Docid:32423995 Rage 86
SECRET
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 87
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning
18, U.S.O. Becs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY
Argentina/Cuba.
SUBJECT
Training of Argentine
Guerrillas in Cuba
Of
EXPOR
NG
Espionage Laws, Title.
✓ prohibited by law.
REPORT NO.
DATE DISTR.
NO. PAGES
-3/535,176
January 1963
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
July December 1962
PLACE &
Spain, Madrid
DATE ACQ.
(7 January 1963)
Caloon octy,
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED
INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE.
APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
SOURCE:
3.
N
An official Spanish service, from an Argentine who took
part in the course. Appraisal of Content:
3.
A group of Argentines, varying in number between 34 and 50,
Social-
and including Peronists, Trotskyites, and Vanguard
ists, attended a six-month course in guerrilla warfare in
Part of the group
Cuba from July to December 1962.
traveled from Buenos Aires to Cuba by way of Chile where
they received courtesy visas for Cuba and financial
assistance from the Cuban Embassy. They had been told
by Reinaldo Frigerio, leftist Peronist, that they would
be met by John William Cooke, leftist Peronist residing
in Cuba, but instead were met in Habana 
by a member of
Cuban G-2 and taken to the Hotel Riviera, where they
later met Cooke. Cooke told them that it was necessary
to train expert guerrillas who could carry out the
revolution in Argentina. He insisted that General Juan
Peron knew about the training.
From the hotel the trainees were transferred to the Tabare
finca, behind the Buen Pastor Seminary. 2 After several
weeks of inactivity they were visited on 20 July by
Fidel Castro who promised that they would soon begin
their training. They were transferred the next day to
Rio Cistal and on 24 July they were visited by Comandante
Escalona (fnu). who was responsible for the zone of
Pinar del Rio, 3 where they were to spend some time
marching and camping out.
On 30 July the 34 men who were to take the course marched
from the town of Artemisa into the woods%3B they were under
Seven more trainees
the command of two Cuban lieutenants.
joined the group on its march to points within Pinar del
5432.
STATE
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
X ARMY X NAVY ✗ AIR ✗ NSA ✗ OCR ✗DIA X FBI 2
REPCINCLANT CINCARIB #
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X", Field distribution by "#".)
I&NS
✗
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 88
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
6.
2
-
CS-3/535,176
Rio; the march lasted about one month. On 26 August the
41 men returned to Tabare.
On 3 September the trainees were moved to a house called
"San Antonio," at kilometer no. 18, Arroyo Arenas,
Habana Province. The house had belonged to Celia Rosa
Toucezt Masfera. From 28 August to 10 September, when
classes began, training consisted mainly of Communist
films which they were taken to see several times. From
10 September to 14 November classes were held in the
following subjects: weapons and explosives, ballistics,
communications, strategy, tactics, marksmanship,
sanitation, and closed and open drill. Manolo (lnu),
a Cuban, gave classes in explosives%; Guillen (fnu)
taught economics%; Angel Martinez taught the class in
guerrilla tactics and strategy; an unidentified mulatto
instructed the class in communications%; a 17-year old
youth named Jose (1nu) taught marksmanship; and a man
known as "Cara de Goma" (Rubber Face), a Cuban, served
as political commissar. Weapon practices were made
with 22-calibre Mauser rifles, Garand rifles, Thompson
submachine guns, Browning and Husine rifles, bazookas,
and 81-mm mortars. They also practiced with a 57-mm
recoilless cannon.
Alicia Eguren de Cooke, John William Cooke's wife,
visited the school at San Antonio; on one occasion She
told the students in a speech that they had to forget.
Peron and Peronism since they had to organize a
guerrilla army, an Army of Liberation.
On 14 November the trainees were moved to "Las Mil Lomas
de Echeverria," five kilometers from the town of Pan de
Guajaibon (N 22-48, W 82-21), Pinar del Rio Province.
They dug trenches and individual foxholes and studied
mines and fuses, illumination with infrared rays, and
Bengal lights, and the construction of electrified and
simple wire entanglements. On 17 November, under the
direction of a Cuban lieutenant known as Manolo Nunez,
they carried out two sighting exercises. Later that
day they carried out two more sighting exercises and
made a march with topographic maps of the area; the
march did not turn out well because of errors of calcu-
lation on the map. Daily training from 18 November
through 25 November was as follows:
18 November
19 November
20 November
21 November
Rested and studied.
Made observations from a hillock,
studied, and made a scouting-type march.
Practiced defense exercises and fighting
from individual foxholes; explored and
located elements of a simulated barracks
in the hills, taking notes with regard
to an attack.
Studied plan of attack on the encampment.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 89
S-E-C-R-E-T
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
- 3 -
CS-3/535,176
22 November
-
23 November
-
Studied plan of attack on the encamp-
ment%; marched in the rain, camping in
the woods.
Practiced hanging and taking down
hammocks%; studied tactical manual.
24 November - Practiced security and emergency plan
of the encampment.
25 November
-
Studied tactical manual.
On 26 November, during an exercise to practice security:
on the march, the advance and rear guard groups got lost
in the woods. As a result there was criticism of poor
leadership, and the instructor ordered them to repeat
the operation. Several men refused, and the instructor
ordered that they not be given anything to eat. Because
of the order, the rest of the men refused to eat but
through argument and an appeal to the Revolution they
were eventually persuaded to do so.
While they were studying on 27 November, Lt. Manolo
Nunez arrived from Habana with news that the course
would be intensified because some of the group had a
fixed date for their departure from Cuba for Argentina.
During the day a conversation was overheard in which a
Trotskyite said that the Cuban Government ought not
to allow those who wanted to leave to do so since they
might be dangerous when they got to Argentina. The
conversation was repeated to members of the Peronist
group, one of whom loaded a rifle, intending to shoot
the Trotskyite. The shooting was prevented but the
atmosphere was so tense that the two groups were ready
'to fight. At that moment the lieutenant instructor
appeared and took away the rifles and ammunition%; he
immediately went to Habana to report the incident.
By night the five Trotskyites were separated from
their group.
On 29 November Cooke arrived and urged the immediate
withdrawal of the Peronists and the Vanguard Socialists
so that they could return to Argentina. That evening
the trainees left for Habana, where they were housed in
a residential building on Calle Septima. On 30 November
the trainees, because of their semi-abducted situation,
became very concerned and put on civilian clothes instead
of their military uniforms. On 1 December some of the
men left the house without permission, intending to take
a walk%; they were told by Ulises (lnu), a Negro member
of G-2, that they could not go out without the permission
of the Cuban Government. They said that they wished to
deal directly with the Cuban Government concerning their
return home since they did not wish to have anything to
*** do with Cooke, who they thought was deceiving them.
Ulises immediately asked them for a written, personal
report, including 1) their regard for and opinion of
John William Cooke%; 2) the type of work which they
desired to do when they arrived in Argentina; 3) their
political affiliations; and 4) the impressions produced
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 90

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
:
by the Cuban Revolution.
Even after the reports were submitted the rule against
leaving the building continued in effect, so they then
talked with the political commissar who went to see
about the matter. When he returned he said that he
had not been able to put the case before higher
authorities.
On 6 December one Guidi (lnu), 4 someone Cooke's wife.
had met in Montevideo, took several of the trainees to
have their photos taken for the visa required for
leaving Cuba. The Vanguard Socialists refused to
go because of the man's connection with Cooke; they
wished to deal with the Cuban representatives. When
one of the trainees who was taken to see Cook explained
his position, stating that he no longer would obey orders:
from anyone but General Peron, Cooke replied that he
should be careful what he said, especially since the
Cuban Revolution had taken a turn toward the Chinese
policy in view of the behavior of the Soviet Union.
Guillen, the Spanish instructor, said that he had spent
an entire afternoon in the Albanian Embassy trying to
obtain aid for the Argentine guerrilla army.
During the period when the events described above took
5
place, Hector Villalon, an emissary from General Peron,
arrived with instructions to demand the immediate.
departure from Cuba of all those who were studying in
the schools; in this he was supported by the Vanguard
Socialists.
The first group of trainees left Habana for their
return home via Prague on 11 December. The men, in
some cases, were given two passports, one Cuban and
one Ecuadorean. In Prague they were interviewed by
Vila (fnu), who is in charge of Cubana Airlines
flights in Prague. His assumed name is Velasquez.
The last assignment given the students in Habana was to
send a telegram after their arrival in Argentina to
Yolando Perez, Instituto Cubano de Amistad con los 36
Pueblos (ICAP, Cuban Institute for Friendship with the
People) with the message "I could not accept the
invitation, which would indicate safe arrival.
Instructions were also given to return the passports
to Miguel Angel, No. 844-50 Calle Maldonado, Apartment
503, or to Calle Reconquista 354/56, apartment 205,
in Montevideo, Uruguay.
"
During the training and political instruction in Cuba
the men were organized in squads which were composed
as follows:6
-
Squad No. 1. Alberto Alvarez, Ricardo Arenas,
Frederico Krause (sought by the Argentine police
under the name of Elias Seman) 7 Roberto Garcia,
Pedro Ibanez, Jose M. Villar, Romulo Aganagay,
and Campos (fnu).
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 91
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
5
-
CS-3/535,176
Squad No. 2
Jorge Monti, Mariano Penaroza,
Julio Peralta, Alberto Albi, Ernesto Moranzo,
Jorge Soteli, Ismael Fierro y Rodriguez.
-
Squad No. 3 Cesar Vallejo, Ricardo Valdes,
Enrique Viamonte, Ismael Valle, Alejando Camposanto,
Ramon Ravero, Fredoy Rivera, Hugo Decuco, and
Angel Rameriz, director of the Trotskyite periodical
Palabra Obrera, published in Argentina. 8
Squad No. 4 - Manuel Ordonez, Antonio Velasquez,
Roberto Franco, Carlo Rivero, Juan J. Montenegro,
Luis Bermudez, Jose Sanchez (Spaniard), and
Santiago D'Alessio, Vanguard Socialist.
Squad No. 5 Juan Jimenez, Jose Falcon, Rodrigo
Beltran, Sergio Martinez, Alberto Ruiz, Jaime Adri,
Jorge del la Fuente, Ricardo Canteca, Ireneo Ribas,
a Catholic from La Plata and a Peronist.
In addition, there was a group which made up the general
staff in which the acquaintances of one "Lucero" from
Cordoba, Argentina, figured; he belongs to the Tres
Persons known
Banderas Party, of neo-Peronist ideology.
་་
"
as "Marelli,B "Mellin, and "Belaz, " followers of Cooke,
were also associated with the general staff.
Headquarters Comments.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
.7.
8.
TDCS-3/523,106, dated 21 September 1962, reported
that Cooke had left Madrid on 20 September 1962,
apparently without seeing Peron who had made it
known that he would not receive Cooke.
The 1958 edition of the Habana telephone directory
listed a Buen Pastor Conv. at Avenida 49 No. 8007,
Marianao, Habana.
Major Dermidio Escalona has previously been
identified as military chief of Pinar del Rio Province.
According to a usually reliable source in Montevideo,
Luis Guide, an Argentine Peronist, went to Cuba in
October 1962.
The time referred to is apparently about 6 December.
It is presumed that the names below are aliases
rather than true names.
In September 1962 a usually reliable source listed
Dr. Elias Seman, Socialist, among Argentine organizers
for the Second Latin American Youth Congress, then
scheduled to be held in Santiago, Chile, in January
1963. The date for the congress has since been
changed to February.
as
In February 1960 Palabra Obrera listed its editor
Abel Bengochea. In a report furnished by an official
Argentine service in April 1962, Angel Bengochea was
listed among seven leaders of the Palabra Obrera
(Trotskyist) Party who had gone to Cuba for guerrilla
training. The others were Ernesto Gonzalez, Hugo
S-E-C-R-E-T.
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 92
C
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
-
-
CS-3/535,176
Bressano, Daniel Pereyra, Juan Pundiz, Orellano
(fnu), and Anibal Tesoro. Cf. CS-3/509,420.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 93
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Titie
18, U.S.O. Becs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
FOREIGN
NO.
DISSEM
COUNTRY
Cuba/Latin America
REPORT NO.
CS -3/535,576
SUBJECT
1..
Guerrilla Training for Latin
DATE DISTR.
30 January 1963
Americans in Cuba
2.
Plans for Revolutionary
NO. PAGES
RD -W-2107
CS-3/535,575
CS-3/535,577
Activity in Latin America
Transporting
DATE OF August - Mid-November 1962
INFO.
PLACE &
Argentina, Buenos Aires
DATE ACQ. (15 December 1962)
SOURCE:
3.
REFERENCES
Revolution
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
☐☐
An official Argentine service, from an Argentine Communist
who visited Cuba. Appraisal of Content:
6.
GND
Intensive training is being given in Cuba to large groups of
Latin Americans, especially from Central America, Brazil,
Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Panama; there are also some
groups from Argentina and Uruguay. Instruction includes
courses in guerrilla leadership and the manufacture of
explosives and their use in acts of sabotage.
In this connection contact between Cuba and other countries
is maintained through the members of the Committees for
Solidarity with the Cuban Revolution and the Communist
Parties of the respective countries, and the corresponding
organizations in Cuba.
The following people are responsible in their respective
countries for arranging travel to Cuba for training: in
Peru, Guillermo Carnero Hoke; in Nicaragua, Dr. Mario Flores
Ortiz, who is in Cuba at present and is head of the military
organizations of freedom, and Francisco Bravo; in Ecuador,
Osvaldo Yuyasamin; in Venezuela, Mario Fonseca; in Chile,
Luis Enrique Munoz; in Paraguay, Orlando Rojas; in Argentina;
Ernesto Sabattini and Jesus Mira; in Uruguay, Victorio
Casardelo; in Brazil, Dante Dacosta Fonseca; and in El
Salvador, Luis Contreras Vargas, who is in Cuba at present
and is a leading member of the United Front for Revolutionary
Action (FUAR), which maintains the clandestine guerrilla
organization in the mountains of El Salvador through means
provided by Cuba.
5±2322
STATE
☑ARMY
☑ NAVY
REPCINCLANT CINCARIB #
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
✗
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
☐ AIR ✗INSA ✗OCR 1X | DIA ¦X | FBI |
(Note: Washington distribution Indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
I&NS
✗
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 94
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
5.
-
2
-
CS-3/535,576
Josef Hokes, former Czech Ambassador to Mexico, plays an
important role in Cuba's revolutionary activity in Latin
America. He is allegedly connected in Peru with Hugo
Blanco, a revolutionary leader who lives in the mountains
of Cuzco, to whom he has sent economic assistance and `
armaments. He is said to have carried out similar actions
for Allio de Fleitas, a priest and guerrilla leader of
Brazil.
Invasions are not contemplated as a part of the revolutionary
program in Latin America unless there are first internal up-
risings. These could possibly be carried out, because
equipment for such uprisings is already stored in strategic
places.
6. Hokes was present at a reception which the Czech Embassy in
Habana gave for Fidel Castro and other Cuban officials.3 Among
those invited were Manuel Galich, of Guatemala, and Aleksandr
Ishkov, Minister of Fisheries of the USSR.
Latin American leaders who wished to speak with Hokes in order
to obtain assistance were presented in Mexico by Natividad Rosales
and Luis Suarez.
8. Chinese leaders are demanding that Cuba invade Guatemala,
Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico, and
bombard Panama. They are also demanding that Cuba issue
orders that the Communist and liberal soldiers in Venezuela
overthrow the government and take power, and that the
guerrilla organizations in Chile, Colombia, and Peru prepare
for the declaration of a general revolutionary strike. As for
Mexico, there they will only await an occasion when the military
supporters of General Lazaro Cardenas and other active groups
will take over power by means of a passive insurrection.
Cardenas and his supporters would rely upon receiving decisive
assistance from the internal and external revolutionary
Corganizations resulting from the coalition of Communist and
revolutionary parties of Central America and Mexico which was
carried out in Mexico in August 1962 and in which the Mexican
leaders exercised control and supervision through Arnoldo
Martinez Verdugo, a member of the central committee and the
political commission of the Partido Comunista Mexicano (PCM,
Mexican Communist Party). The coalition is made up of the
PCM, the Partido Guatemalteco de Trabajadores (PGT, Guatemalan
Communist Party), the Partido Socialista de Nicaragua (PSN,
Nicaraguan Communist Party), the Vanguardia de Accion
Nacional (VAN, pro-Cuban revolutionary group), the Partido
Communista Salvadoreno (PSC, Salvadoran Communist Party),
Partido Comunista de Honduras (PCH, Communist Party of
Honduras), Partido de los Trabajadores de Honduras (PTH,
Honduran Workers Party), and other leftist groups. The
administrative secretary of the organization works in the
building of the Mexican-Czech Institute of Culture, at
Calles Insurgentes and Reforma and in its Political Bureau
at Calle Londres 252. The coordinator is the international
Communist Max Aub Mohrenwitz, a resident of Mexico who works
for the National University of Mexico. Also, Emilio Portes
Gil, former president of Mexico, is involved in this
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 95
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
10.
11.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
3
-
CS-3/535,5
576
coalition and relies upon the support of soldiers on active
duty and on the National Front of Liberation.
The coalition has arms which were disembarked at Vera Cruz,
Mexico, from the Soviet vessel TARKA (phonetic spelling)
during late September or early October 1962. Arms have
also allegedly been unloaded, in accordance with the plans
referred to, somewhere along the coasts of Peru and Chile,
and possibly in Brazil, in spite of the fact that the
coalition did not include Argentina, Chile, Uruguay,
Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil.
In addition to General Cardenas and the PCM, Mexican
organizations associated with the coalition include the
Partido Obrero-Campesino Mexicano (POCM, Mexican Worker-
Peasant Party), the Federacion Obrera Revolucionaria (FOR,
Revolutionary Workers Federation), and the Movimiento
Revolucionario del Magisterio (MRM, Revolutionary Teachers
Movement); they have allegedly been organized into a
permanent association at Calle Salvador No. 30-301,
profiting by the passive attitude of the official
intelligence organizations, a portion of whose personnel
also belong to this Communist conspiracy.
Headquarters Comments
1.
Hokes left Mexico on 4 October 1962.
2.
3.
who
Fleitas is probably identical with Alipio de Freitas,
has made many speeches favoring revolution along Cuban lines.
Source did not provide the date of the reception; presumably.
it was in October 1962.
Suarez is probably identical with Luis Suarez Lopez,
naturalized Mexican of Spanish origin, who is a
Communist newspaperman.
Recently Portes Gil publicly denounced Cardenas and charged
that he is working for a foreign power.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 96
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
INFORMATION REPORT
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title.
18. U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an 
unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY
Peru/Cuba
REPORT NO.
CS -3/534,909
SUBJECT
Questionnaire Filled Out by
Peruvians Being Trained in
Cuba
DATE DISTR.
25 January 1963
NO. PAGES
3
REFERENCES
RD
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
Late 1962
DATE ACQ.
Peru, Lima (7 January 1963)
SOURCE:
.
CS-3/534,910
CS-3/534,911
C-RR2-60251
FIELD REPORT NO. HPL-2719
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Investigator (F) employed by a large American company, from a
Peruvian (F) recently returned from guerrilla training in Cuba.
Appraisal of Content: 2.
The following is a questionnaire which Peruvians taking
guerrilla training in Cuba were required to fill out during
their stay:
Pseudonym
Where worked; at what; how long?
1.
True name
2
3.
4500
4.
5.
6.
Profession; marital status; date and place of birth.
Addresses in Peru
Reason for leaving; other type of work performed
Parents, brothers and sisters, uncles and aunts,
grandparents, whether alive or dead; closest living.
relatives, etc.
Friends of intimate political trust; names and addresses
Friends of different political ideology; names and
addresses
8.
9.
Grade of education
1.0.
11.
12.
13.
Past and present membership in political parties
Length of membership and reason for leaving past
political parties
Have you held any Government post? What type?
Why did you leave; or continue?
serve?
How long did you
14.
15.
Have you held any post in a mass organization, union,
sports, social, or cultural club? What position,
how long?
Political leaning of the organization; who assist in
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
ARMY
STATE # ✗ Y # X NAVY # X AIR # X NSA 8 OCR X | DIA |× | FBI |___||2|
REPCINCLANT CINCARIB #
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "x"; Field distribution by "#".)
USIA
T&NS
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 97
16.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
CS-3/534,909
carrying out duties%; their (political) tendencies
and names?
Revolutionary organizations of your base. Who are
the leaders? Names, and political affiliation.
Experience in clandestine struggles
Have you ever been deported? Why? How long?
Have you ever been arrested? How many times?
long? Reason? How were you released?
Give run-down on political situation in Peru;
predominant parties, and the people.
Boundaries of your country
Political divisions
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Military regions
24.
25°
26.
27.
28.
29.
When?
How
30.
31.
32.
33.
Religious sects
Organization of police and investigative agencies
of repression
Chiefs of repression, hated by the people--names,
ranks, etc.
•
Personnel of repression in your base. Chiefs.
What means of mobility do they have available?
What means of communication; possible reinforcements?
What kind of informer organizations exist? Formation
and chiefs
Possibility of guerrilla warfare in your region
Morale of the people for the struggle; organizations
What is the situation on the frontiers of your
✓ country--population and official control methods?
34. Give names and methods of persons engaged in smuggling.
How do we get in touch with them?
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Give names of those whom we can trust.
Morale of the Army--its state of preparedness for
anti-guerrilla warfare.
Do you have friends in official circles--if so, what
do they think of anti-guerrilla warfare?
Morale of the police; working conditions, and salary
40. What would be the attitude of the police rank and
file toward a revolution?
41.
42.
Requirements for entry into the country
Once inside the country, can one obtain personal
documentation for cash? How?
43. Can a foreigner buy a house?
44.
45.
Is it possible to establish a commercial firm?
How can one obtain credentials for an accredited
institution?
46. Where do officials meet?
47. Where do the governing classes meet?
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Form of entry; requirements. (It is possible that
this refers to entry to social meetings.)
Can one gain entry to these places of reunion by a
__ cash payment?
Can one obtain a credential from someone to buy
admission to such meetings?
How many people know that you are in Cuba?
When and how were they made witting?
53. Have you done military service? How long? Where?
Rank?
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
Grade in military instruction
Aircraft in the country; location; number of planes
Army posts in the country; location; number of soldiers
Naval and river bases
Locations of military bases, and their potential.
Luis Perez had brought with him from Lima a map of Peru. On
this map each member of the group marked the military installa-
tions with which he was familiar, as well as bridges, rivers,
and anything else which was of importance in military strategy.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 98
S-E-C-R-E-T
PODRIAN DISSEM
M
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
C
3
-
CS-3/534,909
All these questions (the 58) had three principal motives:
to know the future guerrilla fighter better; and, above all,
his needs and limitations for the struggle; and, generally,
his personal problems and those of morale. Time given for
answering each question was unlimited. One of the possibilities
is that of introducing arms by smuggling, as, for example, in
the case or relatives who work on the borders, such as comrades
from Cuzco; also, in the case of Comrade Betancurt (pseudonym)
who is from the town of Ayabaca, Piura, and who has facilities
for smuggling arms, since his community borders on Ecuador,
where large-scale smuggling of arms has developed. Also, the
experiences of soldiers, such as Vallejos, who have served in
such localities, show considerable practice in effecting such
1
contraband.
1.
Source Comment. In the question regarding possibilities
of guerrilla warfare, the Cubans asked about possibilities
of supply by air--suitable drop-zones, etc. It is possible
that this questionnaire has been filled out by at least
100 Peruvians who have gone to Cuba. Among those who have
enlarged on these topics, the range is from lawyers down
to those who can barely write their names. Likewise, from
the interest they are showing in Peru, it is presumed that
many Cubans can introduce themselves into the country,
passing as Mexicans or Panamanians, and set up profitable
businesses and commercial firms. One of those who presented
the questions had been in Brazil. The Cubans took two photos
of those in training, front and profile, in militia uniform,
but without cap.-
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 99
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
INFORMATION REPORT
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
to an 
unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
1, U.S.C. Seca. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY
El Salvador/Cuba.
REPORT NO.
CS-3/529,533
SUBJECT
Visit of Salvadoran Delegation to
Headquarters of Cuban Troop Battalion
DATE DISTR.
27 November 1962
NO. PAGES
2
REFERENCES
RD
CS-3/529,537
CS-3/529,536
CS-3/529,538
CS-3/525,511
DATE OF
INFO.
7 October 1962 _¨
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
El Salvador, San Salvador
23
October 1962
SOURCE:
FIELD REPORT NO. HSS-1285
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Salvadoran student (C) who had access to the notes of one of the returning:
delegates.
3.
Appraisal of Content:
On 7 October 1962 the officer in command of Batallion 192 of the Vedado
zone of Habana invited the Salvadoran delegation to the First Latin
American University Games to meat with the troops of this battalion.
The officer informed his troops that the Salvadoran delegation had gone
to Cuba to see the Cuban revolutionary movement in action and that the
Salvadorans would be given a variety of information concerning guerrilla
warfare. Raul San Roman Gonzalez, a lieutenant in the Cuban militia, who
acted as a guide for the Salvadoran delegation, said that the Salvadoran
delegates would have a special program because all were members of the
Frente Unido de Accion Revolucionaria (FUAR - United Front for Revolt-
tionary Action), a Communist front, and because the Union of Cuban COMEM.
nist Youth had recomended that this delegation receive training in
revolutionary tactics.
2. The officer in command of Batallion 192 explained to the Salvadorans that
all revolutionary groups must be reinforced in their early stages of
organization by the recruitment of persons of different political views,
and that when the revolution is on its way to success anyone who does not
accept Communist leadership can be expelled from the group. He said
further that this tactic can be used in El Salvador. The officer also
recommended that the Salvadorans draw up plans which indicate points of
strategic interest in El Salvador, including important intersections
(plazas), bridges which could be sabotaged, terrain suitable for guerrills
activity, and airfields. He also said that they should acquire information
as to the type of weapons used by the Salvadoran armed forces and as to
normal troop movements. The officer pointed out, however, that in organiz
ing an effective guerrilla movement particular attention must be paid to
the ideological indoctrination of members of the movement so that each
If he believes.
member is convinced that he is fighting for a just cause.
this there will be no morale problem.
GROUP 1
Excluded from acted
downgrading am
declassification
3. The officer then showed the delegates a large map of Central and South
America. This map contained the location of military forces of the Central
and South American comtries, the distance between major cities, and kay
highways and bridges. It also showed the centers of guerrilla activity
in Guatemala, Colombia, and Venezyshårr In addition, the map contained
NO FOREIGN DISSEM 12
STATE
#☑ARMY # X NAVY
REPCINCLANT CINCARIB #
☑
AIR
(Note: Washington distribution Indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#").
FBI
AEC
NSA
OCR
X
DIA
✗. I&NS X
INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 100

SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
-2-
CS-3/529,533
information as to the numerical strength of the armies, air forces, navies,
and rural police forces of many countries. They also had information as
to the types of weapons in use in the Central American countries, most of
them surplus weapons from the Second World War. The Panama Canal was
shown on a large map which had marked all access routes to the canal from
both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as the normal shipping and'
air routes. There were also large photographs which showed the locks of
the canal and also a special diagram showing the types of ships which can
pass through the canal.
4. Some members of the Salvadoran delegation received training in the use of
Belgian (FAL) rifles during their visit with troops of Batallion 192.
Field Comment. Salvadoran delegates to the First Latin American University'
Games included Jose Luis Enriquez, Carlos Rafael Baires, Armando Rafael
Morales, Danilo Armando Castro, Ricardo Ayala Kroufts, Jose Alfredo
Hernandez, Rafael Mario (aka Rafael Onofre, aka Rafael Salvador). Cuenca,
Eliseo Antonio Sosa Montiel, Carlos Antonio Madriz, and Felix Rodolfo
Villatoro. (Cf. CS-3/529,506).
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 101
C
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 102
い
C
INFORMATION REPORT
INFORM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
JN APORT
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
AS, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
OUNTRY
Ecuador/Cuba
Return of First Member of
Revolutionary Youth to
Receive Guerrilla Training
In Cuba
REPORT NO.
CS-3/534,979
DATE DISTR. 24 January 1963
NO. PAGES
REFERENCES
RD
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
Late December 1962
Ecuador, Guayaquil (6 January 1963)
SOURCE:
FIELD REPORT NO. HEG-2101
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Member (C) of the Revolutionary Union of Ecuadorean Youth.
Appraisal of Content: 2.
Victor Leon, a member of the Revolutionary Union of Ecuadorean
Youth (URJE) from Esmeraldas, returned to Ecuador from Cuba on
22 December 1962. He is the first member of URJE to return
from Cuba after receiving guerrilla training in that country.
He went via Mexico to Cali, Colombia, by air and then overland
to Guayaquil. After his arrival in Guayaquil, Leon said that
he was the only URJE member in the group with which he was
trained and therefore he did not know when the other URJE
members undergoing training would return to Ecuador.
Source Comment. Evidently Leon did not bring any money
back from Cuba because he asked for a loan so that he
could go to his home in Esmeraldas. Leon is not.
particularly intelligent and therefore was not trained
as an organizer. However, he is eager to start guerrilla
activities in Ecuador.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 103
MESSAGE
NNNNEUB065REE251
C -P RUEPDA
DE RUBIVG
P 1522002 JAN 33.
Cranfi
FM USARMA SAN SALVADOR
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
STAFF COMMUNICATIONS_OFFICE
SEGRET
16 23
DIAAP-3
TO ACSI DEPTAR WASHDC
DOWNGRADED AT 12 YEAR INTERVALS;
KOT AUTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED
DOD DIR. 5200.10
21 SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM REUR DA 923579 SINCE CASTRO. REGIM SEITED
POWER ESTIMATED 300-350 SALVADORAN STUDENTS HAVE VISITED CUBA.
CURRENTLY 8-12 THERE AND ESTIMATED 6 REPORTEDLY BEHIND IRON CURTAIN.
VISITS MADE GENERALLY BY WAY OF MEXICO. SOME STUDENTS
REPORTEDLY HAVE RECEIVED MILITARY TRAINING AND INDOCTRINATION IN CUBA
TO BE APPLIED ON RETURN TO EL SALVADOR. NO FACTUAL INFORMATION
AVAILABLE ON WHICH STUDENTS HAVE RECEIVED TRAINING AND INDOCTRINATION.
ESTIMATED 5 OR 6 STUDENTS EACH ARE CURRENTLY WORKING AT COFFEE FINCAS
NEAR AHUACHAPAN, SONSONATE, AND BERLIN FOR PURPOSE OF SUBVERTING
COFFEE PICKERS. NO EVIDENCE OF DIRECT SUBVERSION EFFORTS AGAINST
ARMEDD FORCES. SCP-3.
"have him in Cubas
fusavakpt 182 8000 36 3
far gecerilen training fusara Rpt. 182
ACSI
ADDED DIST DIA; DIA(AQ)
ACTION:
DA IN 7912
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 104
65
INFORMATION REPORT
C
2/7/63
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
COUNTRY Paraguay/Argentina/Cuba
REPORT NO.
CS-3/536,455
SUBJECT Return of Paraguayan Leftist to
Argentina from Cuba
DATE DISTR.
7 February 1963
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
9 January 1963
Paraguay, Asuncion
DATE ACQ.24 January 1963
FIELD REPORT NO.
HYA-834
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
SOURCE:
C
Paraguayan security officer (B)
official in Formosa, Argentina.
from a Paraguayan Government
Appraisal of Content: 2.
1
Retired Captain Guerrero Padin (fnu), a member of the left-
wing group of the Paraguayan Febrerista Party, was seen in
Since October 1962
Formosa, Argentina, on about 9 January 1963.
Guerrero Padin had been in Habana, Cuba, where he received
guerrilla training. Guerrero, who is separated from his family, 2
spends as much time in Buenos Aires as he does in Formosa.
1. Field Comment. Guerrero Padin is probably identical with
Rafael Guerrero Padin.
Headquarters Comment. In September 1962 a usually reliable
source with good contacts in exile groups, reported that
Guerrero Padin (fnu), a former captain in the Paraguayan
Army, was an instructor in guerrilla warfare at a training
camp near Habana. The source received this information from
a member of the United Front for National Liberation (FULNA)
who had recently returned.
2. Field Comment. According to a usually reliable source,
Guerrero Padin is legally separated from his wife, Benefrida,
who lives on Calle Caballero, between Tte. Farina and
Manuel Dominguez, Asuncion, Paraguay.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 105
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT
REPORT 
TELEGRAM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C
793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
☐ SECRET
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
Secs.
(When Filled In)
COUNTRY
ARGENTINA / URUGUAY / CUBA
SUBJECT ACTIVITIES OF ARGENTINE PERONIST
TERRORISTS
Mr. Roven has seen
REPORT NO. TDCS -3/537,168
DATE DISTR.
13 FEBRUARY 1963
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
10 FEBRUARY 1963
URUGUAY, MONTEVIDEO (11 FEBRUARY 1963)
DATE ACQ.
PRECEDENCE
REFERENCES
MENTS)
ROUTINE
IN 67101
APPRAISAL 2 (THAT THE SUBSOURCE MADE THE REPORTED STATE FIELD REPORT NO. HUM-2202
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
SOURCE A PERSON IN CONTACT WITH PERONISTS IN URUGUAY (B.) FROM A CONTACT (F) IN PERONIST
CIRCLES.
ASO
BAGD
EX
D/RA
EUR
Fa
FMRA
NORMA KENNEDY AND FIVE OTHER ARGENTINE TERRORISTS ARE
SSE_CURRENTLY IN MONTEVIDEO HAVING RECENTLY ARRIVED FROM CUBA WHERE
THEY UNDERWENT GUERRILLA WARFARE TRAINING. THEY PLAN TO GO TO
DAPL ARGENTINA IN THE NEAR FUTURE WHERE THEY WILL ORGANIZE GUERRILLA
FEA
D/AR
DIS
8/37
P/PL WARFARE OPERATIONS.
GOMA
MAPL
PROG
COMP
(FIELD COMMENT: KENNEDY AND HER GROUP WERE
REPORTED UPON BY THE SAME SOURCE IN AUGUST 1962 WHEN THEY ARRIVED
MAT IN URUGUAY CLANDESTINELY FROM ARGENTINA ENROUTE TO CUBA.)
WPS
(SOURCE
C/L COMMENT: KENNEDY AND HER GROUP MAY BE HIDING ON A RANCH NEAR
OPR
-FRAY BENTOS, URUGUAY, OWNED BY JULIO GALLEGO SOTO, ARGENTINE
CLASSIFICATION
-
DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
SECRET
DA IN
16839
STATE/INR DIA ARMY/ACSI
STATE/DIR
ACSI NAVY AIR JCS SECDEF NSA NIC
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
AID USIA OCI ONE OCR ORR OBI 00
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
SECRET
FORM
5-62
1K OBSOLETE PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 106
000
(15-20).
SECRET
(When Filled In)
SECRET
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
IN 67101
TDCS -3/537,168
PAGE
2
(FIELD COMMENT:
PERONIST AND CASTRO SYMPATHIZER.)
GALLEGO MAY
BE THE INTERMEDIARY BETWEEN THE CUBAN EMBASSY, IN MONTEVIDEO AND
( ALSO 
KNOWN AS)
THE PERONIST GROUP HEADED BY JOSE LUIS ALBAMONTE, KA AMERICO
BARRIOS. DURING THE FALL OF 1962 GALLEGO WAS RELIABLY REPORTED
TO BE IN TOUCH WITH CUBAN EMBASSY IN MONTEVIDEO AND TO HAVE
TRAVELLED TO BUENOS AIRES ON AN UNSPECIFIED MISSION FOR THAT
EMBASSY.)
.2. ALICIA EGUREN DE COOKE, ARGENTINE TERRORIST AND GUERRILLA
RECRUITER AND WIFE OF TERRORIST JOHN WILLIAM COOKE, IS CURRENTLY
IN MONTEVIDEO. SHE PLANS TO REJOIN HER HUSBAND IN CUBA, POSSIBLY
CIN LATE FEBRUARY 1963.
3. DR. (FNU) GUIDE, ARGENTINE PERONIST, IS CURRENTLY IN
MONTEVIDEO HAVING RECENTLY ARRIVED FROM CUBA. (FIELD COMMENT:
GUIDE MAY POSSIBLY BE IDENTICAL WITH ALFREDO OMAR GUIDI, MILITANT
PERONIST.)
LN 40
AN UNIDENTIFIED PERONIST WHO ESCAPED FROM AN ARGENTINE PRISON
IN LATE 1962 WHERE HE HAD BEEN IMPRISONED FOR SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES
SPENT SEVERAL DAYS IN MONTEVIDEO BEFORE BEING SMUGGLED BACK INTO
ARGENTINA BY ALBAMONTE IN LATE JANUARY OR EARLY FEBRUARY 1963.
5. THE PERONIST GROUP OF JOSE LUIS ALBAMONTE HAS COMMITTED
IN ARGENTINA AND THERE-
· ITSELF TO AIDING FUTURE GUERRILLA ACTIVITY 
I
FORE "MUST" ACCEPT CUBAN AID. THE KENNEDY: GROUP, ALICIA DE
SECRET
DA IN 16839
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 107
CLASSIFICATION – DISSEMINATION CONTROLS.
SECRET
000
SECRET
(When Filled In)
SEGRET
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
IN 6710
TDCS -3/537,168
PAGE
3
COOKE, "AND GUIDE ARE ALL IN CONTACT WITH ALBAMONTE..
6.
FIELD DISSEM:
STATE ARMY NAVY AIR CINCARIB CINCLANT
ACTION:
INFO:
ACSI, NAVY, AF, JCS, OSD
DCSOP
DA IN 16839
END OF MESSAGE
CLASSIFICATION DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
SECRET
SECRET
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 108
000
SECRET
According to a usually reliable Communist Party source in Brazil,
two Brazilians, Carlos Danielli and Angelo Arroyo, have recently returned
from Cuba where they received training in guerrilla warfare. Both have
been relieved of all party activities to allow them to concentrate
exclusively on guerrilla activities in Brazil. The National Executive
Commission of the Dissident Communist Party of Brazil (CFB) planned to
meet in Rio de Janeiro on 16 and 17 January to discuss a report to be
submitted by Danielli and Arroyo regarding their training. (CIA, TDCS
3/534,418, 17 January, SECRET)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 109
SECRET
INFORMATION REPORT
INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
material insormation affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws. Title
193 and 194. the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person 
is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY
CS-3/534,946
24 January 1963
Ecuador/USSR/Cuba
REPORT NO.
Communist Travel to and from
Penndor
DATE DISTR.
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD
DATE OF
INFO.
LACE &
DATE ACQ.
December 1962
-
January 1963
Ecuador, Guayaquil (December 1962
SOURCE:
JanuFIELD REPORT NO.
HEG-2104
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Ecuadorean official (B) with access to travel information.
Appraisal of Content:
2.
3°
5%
During late December 1962 Ketty Romo Leroux Giron, a member of
the Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE), returned to Guayaquil
from the Soviet Union.
During carly January 1963 Antonio Ruiz Flores, a member of the
PCE who had been in the Soviet Union for six months, returned
to Milagro.
On 11 January 1963 Cesar Mulioz Vicuña, a member of the PCE, was
to travel to Moscow to undertake studies in civil engineering.
:
On 12 or 15 January 1963 Ecuador Padilla and Alfredo Almeida
Vargas, members of the PCE from Milagro, were scheduled to travel
to Cuba.
Julio Olmedo Muñoz Gonzalez, Antonio Mosquera Anchundia, Jose
Luis Cardenas Pinto, and Carlos Paste Castillo, members of the
PCR, were selected by the PCE to travel to Cuba during the last
half of January 1963.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 110
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic!
downgrading and
declassification

NFORMAT ON REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which 
in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
'
COUNTRY
Colombia/Cuba
REPORT NO.
CS-3/534, 133
SUBJECT
Travel of Colombians to Cuba
DATE DISTR.
16 January 1963
NO. PAGES
2
REFERENCES
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
SOURCE:
31 December 1962
Mexico, Mexico City
(31 December 1962)
RD
BY CABLE
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE.
APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Person (B) with good access to travel information.
Appraisal of Content: 2.
The following Colombians left Mexico City by air en route to
Habana, 
Cuba, on 31 December 1962:
Luis Enrique Gomez Restrepo 1
Eduvino Mateus Porras
Jorge Albornoz
Passport No. 33145
Passport No. 588669
Passport No. 55834
Fanny Puentes de Cruz
Cecilia Porras de Child
Manuel Tiberio Rozo Duque2
Passport No. 359708
Passport No. 692256
Passport No. 59845
Prieto Guevara
Passport No. 064694
Maria Dalila Sierra Róbon de Arcila
Passport No. 61694
Libia Colombia de Benavides
Passport No. 69206
Clotilde Guerrero de Dorado3.
Passport No. 59816
Passport No. 8864
Camilo Dominguez
Carlos Vicente Nunez Obondano
Santiago Londono Londono
Alvaro Echandial
Silvio Agredo Yepez
Passport No. 48938
Passport No. TQ 39586
Passport No. 71069
Passport No. 55712
Justo Castellanos 1
Passport No. 38610
Jesus Antonio Villegas5
Passport No. 50833
Jaime Rafael Altamar Pios
Passport No. 70758
Valentina Colombiana Arocha
Passport No. 30437
Jorge Child Velezl
Passport No. 59607
Antonio Becerra Becerra
Passport No. 88613
Hernan Lozano Mahechal
Eduardo Kronfly
Sara de Bejarano6
Passport No. 88687
Passport No. 59880
Helena Garavito de Garavito
Maria L. Villaseca
Jorge Vargas
Ana Victoria Fajardo de Silva
Cristina Zambrano
Maria Irene Avila Barrera
All had courtesy vicon
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 111
Passport No. 59751
Passport No. 59440
Passport No. - not given
Passport No. 59848
Passport No. 59618
Passport No. 59522
Passport No. 56014
GROUP 1
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
2
CS-3/534,133
Field Comment. These people probably attended the celebration
in observance of the fourth anniversary of the Castro regime.
It is possible that some of them may remain in Cuba for the
Latin American Women's Congress.
Headquarters Comments
1. Members of the extremist segment of the Liberal Revolutionary
-Movement.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rozo was arrested by the Colombian authorities in May 1963
during a raid on a Communist meeting. At that time he was
a student at Universidad Libre.
In March 1959 Guerrero was reported as a member of a preparatory
Committee to organize a Communist-front women's organization in
Colombia.
Londono has a long record of Communist and Communist-front
activities. A cancer specialist, he attended a cancer
conference in the Soviet Union in February 1962. He visited
Habana in late December 1961.
Villegas is labor secretary of the central executive committee
of the Communist Party of Colombia.
Bejarano was reported in August 1962 as a member of the Union
of Democratic Women, a Communist-front organization.
7.
De Silva has a long record of Communist activities.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 112
1 :
RAM INFORMATION
DE T
REPORT TELEGRAM
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
/material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage. Laws, Title 18, U.S.C Secs
793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
W
COUNTRY DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/CUBA
CLASSIFICATION — DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
1
S-E-C-R-E-T/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
R
REPORT NO. TDCS -3/531,991
TRACCINICAL COMMUNIST DEFORMIES
DATE DISTR.
21 DECEMBER 1962
TO CURA
PRECEDENCE
ROUTINE
REFERENCES
IN 96480
3861.8
DATE OF 114 DECEMBER 1942
ONE & IRELAND, DUBLIN (37 & 20 DECEMBER 1962)
APPRAISAL 2 (THAT THE DOMINICANS WERE ACTUALLY ABOARD)
SOURCE.
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
AN OFFICIAL TRISH SERVICE.
DIAAP 3
19 DEC 21
LIVED
1. ON 14 DECEMBER 1962 A CZECH ADULTES (CSA) PLANE TRANSIT A
GELAND,
EN
C
UOM
Y
NOUMD TO HABANA, CUBA, FROM PRAGUE, CZECHOSLOVAKIA ANCIE
F THE FOLLOWING RIGHT DOMINICAN COMMUNISTS:
G.
A
MAXIMO LOPEZ MOLINA
ISLANDER SELIG DELMONTE
TOMAS PARMENIO FRICKSON ALVAREZ
JOSE TSMULLA GARAGE (ALSO RECTED AS JOCY
JUAN JOCH EKOG DIVERA
RAMON AGUSTIN PINEDO MUVIA
HUGO FRANCISCO CARRERA GARCIA
H. GUITAVO FEDERICO RICART RICANT
GROUP 1
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and
declassification
CLASSIFICATION - DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
S-B-C-R-E-T/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
STATE/INR
STATE/DIR
DIA
ARMY/ACSI NAVY AIR JC.S
SECDEF NSA
NIC
AID USIA OC 1
ONE
OCR
ORR
OBI
00
EDI
TRO
TELEGRAM INFORMATION REPORT TELEGRAM
DD/I
IAAP-3
FORM
5-62
1Kb OBSOLETE PREVIOUS EDITIONS.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 113
(15-20)
CLASSIFICATION-DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
S-E-C_R-E-T/NO FOREIGN DISSEM
TDCS -3/531,991
IN 36480
38618
PAGE 2
2. OTHER PASSENGERS WERE 21 CZECHS, THREE EAST GERMANS; TWO SPANIARDS, TWO...
THE CARGO INCLUDED AIRCRAFT SPARES AND DIPLOMATIC
☐ PANIANS, ONE FINN, AND ONE ALGERIAN.
DMAIL.
R
3. HEADQUARTERS COMMENT: THE ABOVE DOMINICAN COMMUNISTS ARE EIGHT OF THE TEN WHO
ERE DEPORTED FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC TO FRANCE ON ABOUT 1 NOVEMBER 1962. MAXIMO
LOPEZ MOLINA IS SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE MOVIMIENTO POPULAR DOMINICANO (MPD
I POPULAR
DOMINICAN
PULAR MOVEMENT), A LEFTIST PARTY DOMINATED BY COMMUNISTS: ISLANDER SELIG DELMONTE AND
REMAS PARMENIO ERICKSON ALVAREZ ARE MPD LEADERS; JOSE ESTRELLA JACOBO ARMACH IS THE
O-COMMUNIST LEADER OF FENEPIA, THE DOMINICAN GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES UNION; GUSTAVO
VEDERICO RICART RICART IS A MEMBER OF THE MPD; ANOTHER SOURCE HAS REPORTED THAT JUAN JOSE
G
SEE
TOS RIVERA IS A SUSPECTED COMMUNIST AND AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF THE AGRUPACION POLITICA
CATORCE DE JUNIO (APCJ - 14TH OF JUNE POLITICAL GROUP), A PRO-CASTRO GROUP.
TDCS-3/528,582 OF 17 NOVEMBER 1962, FROM ANOTHER SOURCE, WHICH REPORTED A MEETING IN
PARIS BETWEEN THE CUBAN AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE AND ABOUT TEN DOMINICANS TO DISCUSS THE POS
CIBILITY
SIBILITY OF HELPING THEM TO GO TO CUBA WITHOUT PASSPORTS.
FIELD DISSEM: CINCARIB, CINCLANT.
IAAP-3
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 114
END OF MESSAGE
CLASSIFICATION-DISSEMINATION CONTROLS
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM f
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 115
F
✓ CONFIDENTIAL
**
17
An Ecuadorean youth who returned from Cuba on 18 November 1962
has spent most of his time since then training guerrille candidates
in Ecuador, according to a fairly reliable source who is a member of
the Revolutionary Union of Ecuadorean Youth (URJE). The youth involved,
Mario Vera Arrata, was one of four Ecuadoreans who on 22 November threw
three sticks of dynamite at the USAID mission office building in
Guayaquil, according to the source. The camp where Mario Vera is training
guerrillas is said to be located near a small beach resort some 70 miles
from Guayaquil. Training consists of learning how to march, rifle
practice, the use of camouflage, and hand-to-hand combat. Mario Vera
is the URJE's intelligence officer, according to the source, and is the
principal courier for instructions coming directly from Cube. (CIA
Guayaquil CS-3/531,884, 31 December, CONFIDENTIAL)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 116
CONFIDENTIAL
"
SECRET
NO FORE DISSEM
Lima reports that three young Peruvian extremists shot and killed
a civil guard from a car in Callao on 11 January. One of them was
Miguel Tauro de Mala, a young Communist leader who attended the Latin
American Youth Congress in Havana in 1960. He is said to be boasting
after his arrest two days later that he pulled the trigger, and to be
threatening other attacke on the authorities. A second one of the trio,
Jorge Bejar, who is still being sought, attended the People's Conference
in Havana early last year. No tie to Cuba has yet been reported for
the third killer, Fernando Samaniego Perdiz, who has been arrested in
Lims. (CIA, Lime IN 49651, 14 January, SECRET NOFORN)
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 117
INFORMATION REPORT
NFORMATION REPORT:
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title.
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY
Costa Rica/Cuba
REPORT NO.
CS -3/535, 911
SUBJECT
Inclusion of Militia Training.
in Communist Party Program
DATE DISTR.'
4 February 1963
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD
I DATE OF Mid-January 1963
INFO.
PLACE &
Costa Rica, San José
DATE ACQ. (17 January 63)
SOURCE:
FIELD REPORT NO. HRS-3009
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Costa Rican (B) with good contacts in Communist Party circles,
who talked with Lopez's mother. Appraisal of Content: 3.
Militia training will be included in new courses of instruction soon to be
started by the Partido Vanguardia Popular (PVP--Costa Rican Communist Party).
Alvaro Lopez Vargas, a PVP member who was formerly an employee of Public
Works, was sent to Cuba in June 1962 to be trained in militia organization.
Upon his return to Costa Rica. Lopez will help conduct similar courses in
Costa Rica.
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 118
C
17 T
INFORMATION REPORT
ام باند تهدي شبرا -
・デトーセンジ
INFORMAL ON REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.O. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY
Cuba/Nicaragua
REPORT NO.
CS -3/534,165
SUBJECT
Cuban Training of Guerrillas
for Landing in Nicaragua
DATE DISTR.
16 January 1963
NO. PAGES
1
REFERENCES
RD_W-2107
DATE OF
Mid-1962
INFO.
PLACE &
Belgium, Antwerp
DATE ACQ. (7 January 1963)
SOURCE:
FIELD REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Cuban naval officer (F) who left Cuba in January 1963, from
a Cuban G-2 officer who disappeared from Habana, reportedly
deserting, in November 1962. Appraisal of Content:
About July 1962 four hundred men, including Mexicans,
Nicaraguans; and Cubans, were being trained in Cuba as
a guerrilla unit which was to be landed in Mosquito,
Nicaragua.
3.
Field Comment. The Cuban naval officer did not know when
the landing in Mosquito was to take place.
In Estimated 1; ave to 1,500 rotive Americans Raven Guate. Cantona
f
abo
end atrama thay m
generilica bang (Date of infor early
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 119
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
Two top Peruvian Commmists (PCP officials) said on 18 December
that Fidelists activities in Peru are being carried on largely through
the Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), according to a usually
reliable clandestine source. The MIR was reported to have been given
the task of helping guerrilles enter Peru clandestinely from Chile.
Between two and three hundred Peruvians had gone to Cuba about a year
traveling in groups of twelve to fifteen, to study guerrilla tactics.
The PCP had not directly participated in this MIR activity, which was
under an expelled FCP member, which had so upset Communist Party leaders
that they recently sent an emissary to discuss the matter with Fidel
Castro. Members of the Communist Youth Group (JCP) has also met secretly
with Castro agents without prior knowledge of PCP leaders, to prepare
distribution of Cuban revolutionary propaganda and material on the
formation of the Peruvian "army of liberation" being trained in Cuba.
Nor had the PCP been consulted by Havana with respect to the Latin American
Congress in Defense of Cubs, originally scheduled to be held in Rio de
Janeiro this coming January but since postponed about which they had
first learned through the local press. They agreed with the Brazilian,
Argentine, and Chilean Commists that the congress should be postponed.
They reportedly decided to call for a conference of Latin American
Communist parties to discuss Cuba's attitude toward these parties. The
Political Commission of the Peruvian PSP has resolved that the methods
employed by the Cubans can only hurt the "liberation" movement in South
America, and they termed these methods "erroneous, precipitate, and very
dangerous." (CIA, Lims, TDCS-3/531,899, 20 December, SECRET NOFORN)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 120
SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM

SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
A regular CIA clandestine asset in Peru with close contacts in
Peruvian left-wing circles reports that Cube has given, and is still
giving, training in Foravians in Cuba including demolition instructions,
manufacture of Explosives, and other aspects of guerrilla warfare.
A 50-point questionnaire lasued by the Cuben Goverment is said to
"alearly pinpoint" Cubsin interest in information which could be used
for sabotage operations in Peru, subversion of the Peruvian police,
and for Illegal entry and travel in Petru. Sosse 150 Peruviane are reported
receiving such training in Cuba. (CIA, Liza, IN 46954, 9 January,
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 121
SECRET NO FOREIGN DISSEM
เ
SECRET
There is a group of Negroes and Hindus from British Quiana studying
"agronomy and military tactics" in Cuba, according to a letter dated
4 November recently received in Uruguay from an Uruguayan Commmmist
employed in Cuba. The writer claimed that the British Guianese are
"supervised" by an American couple who are Communists and who travel
frequently between Cuba and British Guiana. The writer commented that
British Guiana is soon to become the second Commist state in the western
hemisphere. (CIA Montevideo IN 30671, 6 December, SECRET)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 122
SECRET
SECRET,
A number of Ecuadoreens are currently receiving training in
guerrilla warfare in Cuba, according to a usually reliable source who
te a member of the Communist Party of Equador. The source was told by
Rafael Echeverria, a Communist leader in Ecuador, that the Ecuadoreans
being trained in Cuba would return to Ecuador to train and command guerrille
units there. Echeverria added that the top Ecuadorean Commmist leader,
Pedro Saad, had told him that the techniques of guerrilla warfare used
by Castro against Batists were now antiquated and that current training
in Cuba now emphasises methods used by guerrillas in Burma, Vietnam, and
Algeria. According to the source, Sand and other high party leaders
in Ecuador are now coming around to the view previously urged on them by
a minority faction of the party that the Communists should open guerrille
warfare in Ecuador as soon as possible. (CIA Quito CS-3/530,540
7 December, SECRET)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 123
SECRET
',༔ ༄ང་།"TidThrphu་ག-4ཤ
The police in Rio de Janeiro report they have uncovered a pro-
Castro plot to organize a revolution in Brazil. The police charge that
Cubans who had undergone training in the Soviet Union and Communist
Chine, have slipped into Brazil to train guerrilla bands in the northwest.
Brazilian news reports predict a vigorous anti-Communist campaign there
as a result of the affair. (CIA FBIS 07, Rio de Janeiro, 14 December,
OFFICIAL USE ONLY)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 124
REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws. Title
18. U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
S-E-C-R-E-T
COUNTRY
Colombia/Venezuela/Cuba."
REPORT NO.
CS-3/535,595
SUBJECT
Cuban Subversive Activities in
Colombia and Venezuela
DATE DISTR.
30 January 1963
.":
NO. PAGES
3
REFERENCES
RD-W-2107
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
1962
January 1963
DATE ACQ. Colombia, Cali (7 January 1963)
SOURCE:
FIELD REPORT NO. HLB-3158.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION. SOURCE GRADINGS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
Member (F) of the Communist Party of Colombia in Cali.
of Content: 69
Appraisal
During a discussion on 5 January 1963 between Amado de Jesus Zapata,
member of the Department of Valle Regional Committee of the Communist.
Party of Colombia (FCC), and P. I. Plata, whom Zarate describes as a
Cuban deep-cover agent working with the Seventh of January Worker-
Student-Peacant Movement (MOEC) in Colombia and Venezuela, both
criticized the FCC for its sort policy and fear of taking a more active
role in the guerrilla activities in Colombia. 1 They indicated there
is a split between the followers of Gilberto Vieira White, Political
Secretary of the FCC, and those who advocate the Castro-Communist concept
of active perticipation in the guerrilla bands. Both agreed the only hope for
the FCC is to follow the Castro policy, as have the Communist Parties of Peru,
Venezuela, and Bolivia. Plata said it is possible there will soon be a change
in the position of the FCC leaders in Bogota.
Plata said the NOC is not a local movement but rather part of a Latin
American concept which is being assisted by Castro and the Cuban
Government. He said he has been in Cali for one year on a special.
assignment from the top leaders in Cuba to see that arms, propaganda,
and instructions from Venezuela, originating in Cuba, get into the
hands of the MORC groups. Plata said he has also been helping to
recruit Venezuelan youth, largely from schools and universities, to
fight with the HOEC bands in Colombia.
Plata said he lived for many years in Caracas and that his apartment there
is still a meeting place of Cuban guerrilla leaders operating in Venezuela.
Tho Castro, agents, who represent themselves as being anti-Castro, live in
this apartment now. He added that the apartment is a center that maintains
contact with Colombia through associates in Bucaramanga, Cucuta, and Bogota,
and that several Cubans and Cuban-trained Colombians are working with
the MOFC in Colombia. He said that Pedro Emilio Castro, Fidel's older
brother, lived for a long time at his apartment in Caracas, but has now returne
to Cuba, where he is not involved in politics. Plata added he has visited
Cuba several times, the last visit in February 1961, when he was introduced to
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 125
CROUP 1
Fidel
6.
ཚམས
CS-3/535,595
Cuatro and had two conferences with him. The Castro organization in Caracas is
in direct contact with Castro egents in Miami, who consider Caracas their most
importent center in Latin America. The Miami group, which is made up of persons
in the anti-Castro organization there who ostensibly escaped from Cuba, maintains
contacts with all of the Latin American groups.
Plata said an important shipment for MOHC is due to arrive from Venezuela via
Cucute in February 1963. It is to be used in the MOEC plans to increase their
activities in the Deportment of Santander. Plata mentioned Santander several times
in the discussion as an area where the MOBO will play a more important role in
violence in the future. He said there are several MOHC training areas in Colombia
and Venezuela. Plata said he ostensibly is a salesman of refrigeration equipment
for Comerciales Unidas Ltda., Carrera 5a No. 15-75, Cali 3. He said most of the
MOEC representatives in Colombia pose as traveling salesmen. He asserted MOEC
is looking for new people who are not known to the Colombian authorities to help
them transport arms and equipment around the country..
Plata said he was born in the municipality of Malaga,4 in the Department of
Santander; that he is married to Maruja de Plata, who has one arm missing; and
that they have two daughters, one of whom is married to a Venezuelan doctor.
On 6 January 1963. Zapata and Plata went to "Los Panchos,
77 a restaurant near the
country club of Culi. The owner of the restaurant, a Gomez (fnu), is a member of
the MOBO. They inspected a new tent that was acquired for a NOEC guerrilla leader
knom as "Mariposo, who is active in the northern part of the Department of
Wolime. Plate expressed a desire to obtain more of the tents for MOEC operations
in other areas. He said he was expecting money from Venezuela by the first of
February. Francisco Calero, formerly thought to be the MOEC leader in Cali,
attended the meeting briefly and was ordered around as a subordinate of Plate.
6
7. During the conversation at the restaurant it was asserted that Fidel Castro had
given US 50,000 dollars to Luis Emiro Valencia, one of the leaders of the United
Front for Revolutionary Action (FUAR). The money had been given to Valencia to
build up an organization to participate more actively in sabotage and guerrilla.
activities. It was said that Valencia used the money for his private use and as
a result the FUAR has collapsed and might not be assisted any more by Castro.
Since the failure of FUAR, there is increased; importance on the MOEC organization. 7
::
Source Comment. Plata, who appears to be approximately 60 years old,
is well acquainted 
with the MOEC contacts in Ibague. He also has
a very 
close relationship with Zapata, who was in complete agreement
with the criticism 
of the "soft line" of the PCC as represented by
Vieira. 
It also appears there is a much closer understanding and
co-operation 
between MOEC and PCC at this level than appears on
lower 
levels.
Field Comments
1.
2.
Members of the Regional Committee of the Department of Valle have
expressed 
differences in the recent past with the action of the
Central 
Committee of the PCC over the lack of action during
the Cuban 
blockade. They also have spoken of their plans to
participate 
in sabotage in the Cali area. Apparently the aggres-
sive faction, headed 
by Zapata, has been overruled by Jose.
Cardona 
Hoyos, secretary-general of the local regional committee,
:
Cucuta, capital of the Department of Norte de Santander, is on
the 
Venezuelan border and is a traditional center of smuggling
between the two 
countries.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 126
.
C
7.
C
S-E-C-R-E-T
-
3
-
CS-3/535,595
who devotes part time to MOEC, being directed by Plata, who is
probably a full-time agent of the Castro government in charge
of recruiting and controlling Cuban assistance to the organiza-
tion in the Cali area.
The FUAR seems to have been in a recess during recent months in
the Cali area. In early November Luis Emiro Valencia, one of
the leaders of the FUAR, was asked directly if there was any
truth to the story circulating in Cali that Castro had given
him 50,000 dollars to help FUAR. He laughed and asserted the
amount mentioned in Bogota is only 30,000. He said his only
assistance from Cuba was a 1,000-dollar first prize in a literary
contest in 1959 or 1960 and two paid trips thereafter to
judge other literary contests. It is difficult to determine
the truth of Valencia's denial or the charges mentioned herein.
The story has been circulating in Cali for approximately six
months and could be hearsay on the part of either Plata or
Zapata. It is noteworthy that Valencia has refused to espouse
common ideology with the PCC, except for Castro, which Valencia
insists he will not accept if it is a tool of international
Communism.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 127
)
い
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 128
NW 88608 | lordbt:24 5 Rage 129.
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page-130
P
hou

NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 131
°
Virt aid develled via
re orted abora, kj
American
SECRETICLE
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
*
INTERNATIONAL GAMES USED AS TRAINING COVER
(8) (GP-1) The Latin American University games held in Havana
from 7 to 21 October 1962, at which thirteen countries were represented,
allegedly were used by the Cuban Government as an opportunity to indoctrinate a
and train a number of Latin American students. Several Salvadorean athletes
reportedly took no part in the games but spent their time in training classes
for "Socialist revolution" conducted by Cuban instructors. A number of
athletes from other unspecified countries followed the same schedule.
HQ OSI COMMENT: (c) (Gp-1) Such events as this competition supple-
ments the vast training program conducted in Cuba. Many of the partici-
pants in the 1960 conference of the Communist front World Federation
of Democratic Youth (WFDY) in Havana stayed behind to take part in a
"work camp" sponsored by the WFDY in the Cierra Miestras. Attendance
at such events may also serve as cover for Party travel and other
personnel previously selected for specialized training. The events
also served to promote the image of Cuba as a major regional Communist
stronghold. (SCIB, Vol XI, #24, 28 November 1962)
OSI COMMENT: (s) (Gp-1) As was noted in the Panama section of this
report, one of the Panamanians returning to Panama from the games carried
with him a book entitled "Firing Mamuel" concerned with the care and
handling of small arms. (OSI District 30; 30 Nov 62)
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 132
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
BECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
A Salvadoran student source has provided detailed information on
Cuban instructions and encouragement to pro-Communist Salvadoran
students who visited Cuba in October to participate in the First Latin
American University Comes in Havana. The source, who talked at length
with one of the students who had visited Cuba, reported that the
Salvadoran group to the games was given special instructions in
"revolutionary tactics" on the recommendation of the leaders of the
Cuban Union of Young Communists (UJC).
n
A Cuban military officer lectured the Salvadoran group on various
aspects of the revolutionary struggle. He emphasized that in the initial
stages all revolutionary groups must be reinforced by the recruitment
of persons of "various political views," but that "as the revolution
nears victory, all who do not accept Communist leadership can be expelled."
He also gave the Salvadoran students advice on preparing for guerrille
warfare in El Salvador. He showed them a large map of Central and
South America which pointed out the locations of military forces, key
highways and bridges, and also showed the centers of guerrilla activity
in several countries. There was another map showing the Panema Canal
and large photographs of the locks. Some of the Salvadoran students
received special instruction in the use of the Belgian Fal rifles.
The Cuban students had recommended that the Salvadorans give more
emphasis to infiltration of the university end of the labor movement in
El Salvador. (CIA San Salvador CS-3/529,533 and -536, 27 and 30 November,
SECRET/NO FOREIGN DISSEM)
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 133
SECRET
NO FOREIGN DISSEM
NJUNG TELEGRAM
Department of State
47
Action
UNCLASSIFIED
Control: 14268
Rec'd:
DECEMBER 28, 1962
4:14 AM
ARA
FROM: GUATEMALA CITY
1.fo
SS
TO:
Secretary of State
SR
NO: 398, DECEMBER 27
SP.
22 57
DIAAP-3
?
FOLLOWING HIGHLIGHTS LENGTHY GOG-PRESS RELEASE ANNOUNCING
CAP EXPULSION FOUR CUBAN EXILES HONDURAS (WHICH REPORTED SEPARATELY).
RECOUNTED HISTORY BEGINNING WITH CUBAN ARMED EXPEDITION PANAMA
USIA 1959, AND INCLUDING CASTRO SUPPORTED SUBVERSION, ILLEGAL ACTI-
NSC VITIES OF CUBAN EMBASSY HERE BEFORE RUPTURE RELATIONS AND TRAIN-
INRING OF ANTI-GOG GUATEMALANS IN CUBA, WHICH LED TO YDIGORAS GOVERN
CIA MENT BEING "FIRST TO REALIZE TREMENDOUS DANGER THAT CASTRO REPRES
NSA SENTED FOR ALL THE AMERICAS". STATED US AND MANY LATIN AMERICAN
OSD. COUNTRIES FIRST MISJUDGED CASTRO AS "LEFTIST DEMOCRACY". DANGER
ARMY REPRESENTED BY CASTRO FORCED GUATEMALA GO ON OFFENSIVE IN ORDER
NAVY DEFEND ITSELF BETTER AND LED TO ILL-FATED (NO FAULT OF GUATEMALA'S
BUT OF THOSE WHO FAILED GIVE AIR SUPPORT, ETC.) BAY OF PIGS VEN-
TURE WITH US GOVERNMENT. FROM THAT TIME ON CASTRO'S "DEFACTO"
GOVERNMENT UNDERTOOK MANY SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES AGAINST GUATEMALA,
INCLUDING MARCH APRIL 1962 DISTURBANCES WHICH COMMUNIQUE: CHARAC
TERIZES AS LED BY UNSCRUPULOUS GUATEMALANS, COMMUNIST-LINERS AND
DUPES.
AMONG LATTER GROUP THOSE WHO DO NOT WISH PAY INCOME TAX.
AIR
RMR
CASTRO SPONSORS MANY EX ILED GUATEMALANS TOTALING AROUND 27
PERSONS LED BY FORMER PRESIDENT ABENZ, THESE GUATEMALANS FORM
GROUP WHICH CALLS ITSELF "GOVERNMENT OF GUATEMALA IN EXILE".
COMMUNIQUE THEN RELATES SUBVERSIVE AND PROPAGANDA ATTEMPTS ABENZE
AND COMPANY TO CAUSE REVOLUTION HERE AND STATES ARMS AND RADIO
AN
BROADCASTS, FORMER COMING TO GUATEMALA FROM BELIZE AND MEXICO.
ADDITION: MANY STUDENTS AND LABORERS BEING TRAINED IN CUBA AND SELEC
TED ONES SENT TO IRON CURTAIN COUNTRIES ESTIMATED 600-700 PERSONS
TRAINED IN CUBA NOW PREPARING SUBVERSIVE MOVEMENT FOR THE FIRST
FEW MONTHS OF 1963. GOG THROUGH SWISS WHO REPRESENT GUATEMALA
IN CUBA TOLD CASTRO GOG WOULD RECOGNIZE GOVERNMENT IN EXILE IF
CUBANS DID NOT GET RID OF GUATEMALAN EXILES.
DA IN 815779
UNCLASSIFIED
AS IT ALMOST CERTAIM.
DEFACTO
REPRODUCTION FROM THIS COPY IS
PROHIBITED UNLESS "UNCLASSIFIED
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 134
UNCLASSIFIED
-2-- 398, DECEMBER 27, FROM GUATEMALA CITY
DEFACTO GOVERNMENT CUBA WILL REJECT GUATEMALAN NOTE AND GIVE IN-
STEAD GREATER SUPPORT TO GUATEMALAN EXILES, GOG, TAKING A STEP
FORWARD TO DEMONSTRATE GOOD WILL, INVITING CONSEJO REVOLUCIONARIO
CUBANO MEMBERS TO LEAVE COUNTRY. LATTER GROUP MAINTAINS ILLEGAL
ACTIVITIES AND MENACES CUBAN GOVERNMENT WITH IMAGINARY INVASIONS
AND MAINTAINS GUATEMALAN PUBLIC IN STATE CONFUSION.
GUATEMALA NEEDS PEACE AND TRANQUILITY. IT HAS ALREADY DONE
ITS PART AGAINST CASTRO. NECESSARY THAT OTHER COUNTRIES IN LATIN
AMERICA NOW DO THEIR PART, ALSO GOG INFORMED US GOVERNMENT OF
MISSILES AND OTHER ARMAMENT IN CUBA EIGHT DAYS BEFORE PRESIDENT.
KENNEDY MADE OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT.
GOG DOING EVERYTHING POSSIBLE TO GIVE THE PEOPLE PEACE AND
CALM IN 1963 AND HOPES MEN OF GOOD WILL ON BOTH SIDES NOTE THE
TRANSCENDENTAL STEP GUATEMALA TAKING IN GETTING RID CUBANS WHO
IN ONE FORM OR ANOTHER ARE CARRYING OUT ACTIVITIES AGAINST THE
"DEFACTO" GOVERNMENT OF CUBA。 GUATEMALA EXPECTS IN RECIPROCITY
PEACE AND TRANQUILITY IN ORDER DEVELOP AND TO ELECT EFFICIENTLY
ITS NEW PRESIDENT
FB
ACTION:
INFO
STATE(ARMY ACSI)
" DCSOP, JCS, OSA, USDEL IADB.
DA IN 815779
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 135
UNCLASSIFIED
BELL
T
✓ CONFIDENTIAL.
In a report dated 15 November, Canadian Aubessador Kidd in Havena
submitted the following analysis of the "Foreign Legion" in Cuba.
"Prass publicity abroad about the formation of á Foreign Legion
to fight for Castro may have given to somewhat misleading impression
of want seans to be involved. At any given time, there are a large number
of Commmmist of felles-traveling Latin Amriesas and persons from other
parte of the world in Cuba as guaste of the government, usually under the
auspices of the ICAP (Institute of Friendship for Peoples). Many of
these people vished, or were pushed into volunteering, to defend Cuba when
the mobilization took place. They were formed lite sersteh militis aquads
of no military value, but of some political use.
We learned that some
"We do not now whether their choice
eighteen Quineen students studying here vero mobilized vithout any
opportunity to decline the honour. They seemed somewhat unhappy about the
military duties which the scholarships they came to Cuba on had entailed,
particularly as they are not Commamiste but firm supporters of President
"A large number of the forei
here taken up residence
the most fervent kind,
Cuba since the revolution are true believers
and would be pleased with the ides of fighting for the cause (though
this is no indication of how they might react to actual combat). Some
of the English-speaking friends of Cube donated blood for the blood bank
being formed to succor the wounded; à sacrifice made to the accompaniment
of the usual publicity A number of foreign residents are, of course,
enrolled in regular reserve militia units. The Chilean Secretary told
CONFIDENTIAL
NW 88608 Docld:32423995 Page 136
Y>
J-
CONFIDENTIAL
us of his rage when a Chileen women strolled into the embassy with full
militis regalls, including a pistol, to claim her mail.
"One would assume that to the extent the Cubans are providing
treining in guerrille warfare to Latin American extremists, these trainees
would be thrown into any fighting which might develop, but that no
publicity would be given to their precance at this time. Persistent, but
unreliable sounding, rumours would have it that there are a large number
of Africans (usually described as having rings in their noses and cars)
being trained souowhere in the island (the province of Matanzas is some-
times mentioned); they have been variously described as Chansian, Guinean,
and Congolese. I would imagine that the Cubans would be delighted to
provide military training to left-wing Congolese dissidents or Angolans,
but I have not a particle of evidence that say such people are here.
*The international brigades in the Spanish Civil War occupy on
important place in left-wing mythology. It would be quite natural for
the Cubans to dream of being able to secure similar support if fighting
took place on the island. It seems highly unlikely, however, that
foreigners would be brought to Cube for this purpose in advance and
the present rather limited effort seems to involve foreigners the for other
reasons happened to be on the Island when the crisis broke out."
(CONFIDENTIAL)
NW 88608 Docid:32423995 Page 137
ก
CONFIDENTIAL
22