Text: The costs associated with the emission limits in each scenario are computed as the increased expenditures on pollution control, investment in more efficient equipment and appliances, research and development, tax incentives, and additional government programs - all relative to the reference case.
Entailment: There have been the increased expenditures foreign tax incentives, appliances, and pollution control.
Contradiction: Tax incentives, research and development, and appliances are unrelated to the reference case.