Text: The combined effect of the program and R&amp;D expenditures, together with other policies described in the CEF report (including a $50 carbon charge applied in the CEF Advanced Scenario), drove a steady reduction in the need for energy compared to the CEF reference case.
Entailment: The CEF reference case showed greater power consumption that was observed.
Contradiction: The CEF reference case underestimated energy needs by a large amount.