Text: , smoking-related disease) and the difference in the effect size between chronic exposure studies and daily mortality studies suggest that all incidences of premature mortality reduction associated with a given incremental change in PM exposure probably would not occur in the same year as the exposure reduction.
Entailment: There is a disparity between daily mortality studies and chronic exposure studies.
Contradiction: It is obvious that a change in mortality reduction always results from an immediate reduction in PM exposure in the same year.