Domain: Humanities and Social Sciences — Linguistics
Target concept: Demonstrate the relationship between amplitude and loudness using an oscilloscope.

Video generation prompt: Connect the microphone to the oscilloscope. The experimenter first speaks softly into the microphone, then increases the volume while maintaining a constant pitch.

Evaluation guide:
(i) Target concept: Visual correspondence between vocal loudness and oscilloscope waveform amplitude, independent of frequency.
Minimum mechanism: Sound pressure variations from vocal cords must mechanically drive microphone diaphragm → electrical signal → vertical deflection on oscilloscope; pitch constancy requires stable glottal pulse rate and vocal tract resonance, reflected as invariant horizontal periodicity on display.
(ii)Storyline: Frame 1–10: Microphone connected to oscilloscope; speaker begins soft phonation (e.g., /a:/ at steady pitch); waveform appears with low peak-to-trough height. Frame 11–20: Speaker sustains same vowel at higher loudness; waveform amplitude increases visibly while horizontal peak spacing remains identical. Perspective: Fixed frontal medium shot showing speaker’s mouth, microphone, and oscilloscope screen in same frame; screen must be legible and unobstructed; no cutaways or zooms.

Manual:
Experimental Procedure
1. Connect microphone to oscilloscope input using appropriate cable.
2. Speaker speaks softly into microphone for ~3 seconds.
3. Speaker increases vocal loudness while maintaining same pitch for ~3 seconds.
Observation of Experimental Phenomena
Oscilloscope screen displays a continuous waveform: first with small vertical amplitude, then with larger vertical amplitude; horizontal spacing between waveform peaks remains unchanged throughout.
Summary of Experimental Principles
Amplitude of sound wave corresponds to perceived loudness; frequency corresponds to pitch; oscilloscope visualizes amplitude as vertical deflection and frequency as horizontal repetition rate.

Prompt Grounding rubric:
level_1: No microphone or no oscilloscope appears; no speaker is shown; no waveform trace appears on any screen; the clip does not depict anyone speaking into a microphone at all.
level_2: A microphone and oscilloscope are both visible, but they are not shown connected to each other (no cable, or the cable connects to something else); or a speaker appears but is not interacting with the microphone; or the oscilloscope screen is blank or shows a frozen, unchanging trace throughout.
level_3: A cable visibly runs from the microphone to the oscilloscope; the speaker is shown speaking into the microphone; a waveform trace is visible on the oscilloscope screen at least once; the clip does not yet show any soft-to-loud contrast in speaking volume.
level_4: All of score 3, AND the speaker speaks into the microphone for the full clip; the oscilloscope screen shows a waveform continuously; at some point the waveform's vertical height increases; the horizontal spacing between waveform peaks looks the same before and after that height change.
level_5: All of score 4, AND the cable-to-microphone and cable-to-oscilloscope connections look properly seated (no visibly dangling or half-inserted connector); the speaker's mouth stays close to the microphone throughout; the waveform shows two clearly distinct height levels (a smaller one first, then a visibly larger one) with no unexplained intermediate bump or decay between them; the peak-to-peak horizontal spacing looks the same in both the soft and loud segments.

Scientific and Causal Correctness rubric:
level_1: The waveform's height does not change while the speaker is talking, or the trace disappears/freezes/resets mid-clip, or the peak spacing visibly compresses or stretches at the same time the height changes (so amplitude and pitch can't be told apart), or there is no visible link between the speaker getting louder and the waveform growing.
level_2: The waveform is present but its height and peak spacing never change at all; or the speaker never actually vocalizes (e.g., only taps or blows on the microphone); or the screen shows noise, a flat line, or an unrelated fixed pattern (e.g., a signal-generator sine wave) instead of a live voice trace.
level_3: The waveform's height increases at some point in the clip while the speaker is visibly talking; the peak-to-peak horizontal spacing looks about the same before and after; but the height increase is only loosely timed to the moment the speaker gets louder, or the louder segment is too brief to read clearly.
level_4: All of score 3, AND the height increase happens right as (or immediately after) the speaker visibly gets louder, and stays higher for a sustained stretch rather than a single spike; the peak spacing stays visually identical across the softer and louder segments; the taller waveform shows no flattening, clipping, or squared-off peaks that would suggest saturation.
level_5: All of score 4, AND the waveform makes exactly one soft-to-loud transition with no reversal back to the smaller height; the softer segment fully precedes the louder segment with no overlap or dead gap between them; the peak spacing remains visually matched throughout both segments; the waveform's overall shape (e.g., repeating rounded or peaked cycles) looks the same in both segments aside from height; no on-screen menu, cursor, or overlay ever obscures the trace.

Spatiotemporal Consistency rubric:
level_1: Objects break continuity outright: the microphone or oscilloscope appears to jump to a new spot, the oscilloscope screen cuts or flickers abruptly, the speaker vanishes and reappears, the room lighting changes discontinuously, or the waveform trace appears or disappears without any drawing motion.
level_2: The microphone or oscilloscope visibly shifts position or angle between shots; the speaker's head turns or moves sideways by more than about a quarter of the frame width; the waveform display freezes for a couple of frames and then jumps ahead; or background elements warp or shear noticeably.
level_3: The microphone, oscilloscope, and speaker stay in roughly the same place and orientation relative to each other; the speaker's mouth stays close to the microphone; the oscilloscope screen updates without freezing or jumping; room lighting stays even; the waveform grows and shrinks smoothly with no sudden height jump other than the intended soft-to-loud change; no cable or device appears to break apart.
level_4: All of score 3, AND none of the objects show any positional jump, rotation, or scale change; the cable between microphone and oscilloscope stays taut and in place; the speaker's mouth stays a consistent distance from the microphone; the waveform trace draws smoothly left to right with no skipped segments or retracing; shadows on the desk and equipment keep a constant direction and strength throughout.
level_5: All of score 4, AND the microphone, oscilloscope, cable, and speaker keep the same visible spatial arrangement from the first frame to the last, with no drift or repositioning even under close viewing; the waveform trace keeps a consistent stroke width and brightness as it advances; there is no motion blur that looks mismatched to the speaker's actual movement, no sudden brightness or color flash between frames, and no shift in lens focus or zoom during the sequence.