Domain: Engineering — Electrical Engineering
Target concept: The change in brightness of an incandescent lamp when a resistor is connected in series.

Video generation prompt: A DC power supply is connected in parallel to two identical incandescent lamps: the lamp on the left is connected directly, while the lamp on the right is connected in series with a visible resistor. The power supply is turned on.

Evaluation guide:
(i) Target concept: Current division in parallel branches with unequal resistance determines relative power dissipation in identical resistive loads (lamps).
Minimum mechanism: Lamps must behave as ohmic resistors whose brightness scales monotonically with RMS current; DC supply must be stable and internal resistance negligible; resistor must be purely series-connected to one lamp with no alternative conduction path.
(ii)Storyline: Frame 0–1: Setup visible, two identical lamps side-by-side, DC supply shown, resistor placed adjacent to right lamp. Frame 2–3: Power-on cue (e.g., switch closure animation or supply LED activation). Frame 4–10: Steady state, left lamp fully lit, right lamp stably dimmer; resistor remains visibly in-line with right lamp"s supply wire; no brightness equalization, no flicker, no spatial reconfiguration; fixed frontal viewpoint maintains left/right distinction throughout.

Manual:
Experimental Procedure
1. Place two identical incandescent lamps side-by-side.
2. Connect DC power supply in parallel to both lamps.
3. Connect a visible resistor in series only with the right lamp.
4. Turn on the power supply.
Observation of Experimental Phenomena
The left lamp glows brightly; the right lamp glows noticeably dimmer—same instant, same scene, no delay.
Summary of Experimental Principles
Adding a series resistor increases total resistance in that branch, reducing current (I = V/R). Since lamp brightness depends on power dissipated (P = I²R_lamp), reduced current causes lower brightness in the right lamp despite identical voltage across both branches.

Prompt Grounding rubric:
level_1: No DC power supply is visible; the two incandescent lamps are not both present in frame; no resistor of any kind is shown; the lamps are not arranged side by side; and there is no visual cue (e.g., switch motion, supply indicator light) that power is being applied.
level_2: A power source and at least one lamp are visible, but the setup does not match the intended circuit: the two lamps look different from each other (different bulb shape, size, or base), the resistor is missing or is replaced by an unrelated part (plain wire, switch, or dial), the two lamp branches are not shown feeding from a shared supply, or no left/right positioning between the lamps is established.
level_3: Two visually identical incandescent lamps appear in the same frame; a DC power supply unit is visible; a resistor-like component is present somewhere in the scene, but its lead wires are not clearly shown entering and leaving either lamp's branch, so it is unclear which lamp (if any) it belongs to; the lamps are positioned so a left lamp and a right lamp can be distinguished.
level_4: Two identical incandescent lamps sit side by side under a fixed camera framing; a resistor with visible leads is inserted into the wire segment feeding the right lamp only, forming a clear series link on that branch; the left lamp's wire runs directly from the supply to its base with no component in between; the DC supply connects to both branches from a shared pair of terminals, indicating a parallel arrangement. The lamps do not need to have begun glowing differently yet for this level.
level_5: All elements from score 4 are present AND the wiring is unambiguous end to end: the left branch runs supply to lamp to return, the right branch runs supply to resistor to lamp to return, and both branches originate from and terminate at the same two supply nodes; no extra components (spare switches, meters, or crossed wires) appear anywhere in the circuit; no wire from the left branch touches the resistor or the right branch's leads; and the resistor's body stays visually separate from both lamp housings rather than overlapping or fusing with them.

Scientific and Causal Correctness rubric:
level_1: The two lamps show the same brightness, or the right (resistor) lamp is brighter than the left, or a brightness difference appears with no resistor visible in the right branch, or a brightness change happens with no power-on cue, or the lamps light up one after another in a way unrelated to which branch holds the resistor.
level_2: The lamps end up at different brightness levels, but the dimmer one is not the lamp on the resistor's branch; or the resistor appears connected to both lamps or to neither; or the brightness gap shows up clearly before or after the power-on cue rather than aligned with it; or one lamp stays dark while the other lights with no resistor involved in explaining the difference.
level_3: The right lamp ends up visibly dimmer than the left lamp; the resistor sits adjacent to the right lamp; both lamps begin lighting at the same power-on moment; however, the resistor is not clearly shown carrying the right lamp's current (e.g., it sits beside the branch without a visible lead into it, or appears wired in parallel rather than in series), so the series connection cannot be confirmed from the visuals.
level_4: The right lamp is visibly dimmer than the left lamp; the resistor is shown with current visibly passing through it into the right lamp only (wire enters the resistor, exits it, then reaches the right lamp's base); the left lamp's wire runs uninterrupted from supply to base; the brightness gap persists continuously once established; there is no flickering, color shift, or intermittent dimming that would contradict a steady series-resistance effect.
level_5: All conditions from score 4 are satisfied AND the brightness gap stays stable and non-flickering for the rest of the clip; the right lamp never brightens back toward matching the left lamp, and neither lamp ever momentarily swaps brightness rank with the other; the resistor shows no glow or visible heating effect (it behaves as a passive component, not a light source); and each lamp's filament lights evenly rather than showing a partially lit or patchy filament that would be inconsistent with simple series-current reduction.

Spatiotemporal Consistency rubric:
level_1: The left lamp, right lamp, resistor, or connecting wire pops into or out of existence between frames (e.g., the resistor is visible in one frame and gone the next with no removal shown); the on-screen layout suddenly jumps to a different arrangement (e.g., the lamps swap sides or the resistor relocates to the left branch); brightness snaps from off to fully lit in a single frame with no visible transition; a wire segment appears disconnected or floating with no physical support; or the ambient lighting in the scene swings abruptly between bright and dark, or a shadow vanishes and reappears, with no visible cause unrelated to the lamps' own brightness change.
level_2: A lamp or the resistor is intermittently missing or duplicated across a short span of frames (e.g., only one lamp appears for a few frames, or two resistors appear then merge into one); a lamp housing or the resistor's body noticeably changes size or shape frame to frame with no zoom or pan to explain it; the wiring between supply and lamps re-routes to different terminals mid-sequence; or a lamp's glow transition is truncated (jumping most of the way to full brightness in one frame, then trickling up afterward) rather than progressing steadily.
level_3: Both lamps, the resistor, and all visible wiring stay on screen for the entire sequence, in the same left/right arrangement, with no unexplained disappearance, duplication, or relocation; the resistor's leads stay attached to the wiring rather than floating free; each lamp's glow brightens gradually over at least two consecutive frames rather than switching on instantaneously; the camera framing stays fixed so the left and right branches remain identifiable throughout; minor unevenness in how quickly the two lamps ramp up to their glow is acceptable at this level.
level_4: All conditions from score 3 are met AND once the initial setup is established, the size, shape, and screen position of each lamp, the resistor, and the visible wiring stay visually unchanged for the rest of the clip (no gradual drift, resizing, or reshaping of any component); once each lamp reaches its steady brightness, that brightness holds rather than creeping brighter or dimmer afterward; the resistor's appearance (body shape, color bands) does not distort or change at any point.
level_5: All conditions from score 4 are met AND across every visible frame, neither lamp, the resistor, nor any wiring segment shows any perceptible repositioning, resizing, or reshaping once lit; the steady-state brightness of each lamp shows no perceptible flicker, pulsing, or oscillation for the remainder of the clip; the camera viewpoint and framing stay fixed with no perceptible shake, pan, or zoom for the whole sequence; and no component visibly overlaps or clips through another (e.g., the resistor's body never intersects the lamp housing).