Domain: Humanities and Social Sciences — Geography
Target concept: Wind erosion: Mushroom rocks in the Sahara (rocks that are large on top and small at the bottom) and columnar rocks in the western United States (columnar rocks with a more uniform shape)

Video generation prompt: The image shows two rock landforms placed side by side: the one on the left is labeled 'Desert Mushroom Rock' and has a broad cap sitting atop a narrow stem, and the one on the right is labeled 'Stone Pillar' and has a tall, straight-sided, uniformly columnar shape typical of the western United States. The image highlights the differences in morphology between these two types of rocks.

Evaluation guide:
Target concept: Wind erosion produces diagnostic landform morphologies determined by rock lithological heterogeneity (mushroom rock) versus homogeneity (stone pillar), under sustained unidirectional aeolian abrasion. Minimum mechanistic assumptions: (1) wind transports sand; (2) sand impacts rock surfaces, eroding softer/weaker materials faster; (3) differential resistance creates necking when capped; (4) uniform resistance yields vertical columns. Phased storyline: [Phase 1: Static reveal]. Two labeled rocks appear side-by-side in identical lighting; left shows dramatic top-heaviness, right shows clean verticality. [Phase 2: Morphological focus]. Camera subtly emphasizes cap-stem junction (showing undercutting) and pillar mid-height (showing uniform fluting). [Phase 3: Causal reinforcement]. Animated sand flows left-to-right, visibly striking the vulnerable zones (mushroom stem base, pillar full face), confirming wind as sole sculptor. Visibility constraints: Must be frontal, symmetric, full-form framing; no occlusion; labels must remain legible throughout; sand animation must be perceptible but not overwhelming, supporting, not distracting from morphology.

Manual:
I. Basic Demonstration Information
Demonstration Title: Wind Erosion Landforms — Mushroom Rock (Sahara) vs. Stone Pillar (Western US)
Subject: Geography - Geomorphology - Aeolian Processes
Demonstration Purpose: To visually compare two classic wind-eroded rock landforms — the top-heavy desert mushroom rock (Sahara) and the uniformly columnar stone pillar (western US) — highlighting how differential rock resistance and wind abrasion duration/geometry produce distinct morphologies; to train visual recognition of diagnostic shape features for wind erosion identification.

II. Demonstration Carrier/Equipment
Core Carrier: High-fidelity 3D-rendered or photorealistic composite image/video showing two labeled landforms side-by-side.
Auxiliary Equipment: Static frontal camera view; neutral gray background (to avoid chromatic distraction); directional low-angle light source (simulating midday desert sun); subtle animated sand particles drifting left-to-right across lower frame.

III. Demonstration Content Description
Layout: Left half of frame: labeled "Desert Mushroom Rock (Sahara)" — rock with large, rounded, resistant cap (>2× width of base) and sharply narrowed, vertically aligned stem. Right half: labeled "Stone Pillar (Western US)" — tall, straight-sided column with ≤15% diameter variation along height, vertical fluting, no necking. Both rest on geologically appropriate substrates.
State Control: No movement of rocks; only sand particle animation and subtle ambient wind shimmer. Labels are white sans-serif, non-occluding, positioned below each rock.
Comparison Baseline: Identical scale (same pixel height), identical lighting angle (30° elevation, 135° azimuth), identical camera distance and focus — isolating morphology as sole variable.

IV. Observation of Core Phenomena
Mushroom Rock Morphology: Cap diameter ≥ 2× stem base diameter; clear necking zone; cap surface smooth/intact, stem surface abraded/grooved; cap-stem junction forms acute angle (<45°).
Stone Pillar Morphology: Near-constant diameter (measured at top/mid/base); parallel vertical flutes spanning full height; no bulges, constrictions, or caps; base merges seamlessly with substrate.
Morphological Contrast: Visual comparison must instantly reveal: (1) top-heaviness vs. vertical uniformity; (2) localized abrasion (stem-only) vs. distributed abrasion (full height); (3) cap-controlled form vs. lithology-controlled form.
Auxiliary Verification: Animated sand flows uniformly left-to-right, striking lower stem of left rock and full height of right rock — confirming wind as shared causal agent.

V. Summary of Key Knowledge Points and Principles
Core Concept: Wind erosion produces landforms through abrasive sandblasting; morphology depends on rock heterogeneity (for mushroom rocks) versus homogeneity (for pillars) and exposure geometry.
Principle of Differential Erosion: Mushroom rocks form where a hard, erosion-resistant cap overlies softer rock — wind removes softer material preferentially at the base, creating necking. Pillars form in massive, uniformly resistant rock — wind abrades evenly along exposed vertical surfaces.
Regional Context: Sahara mushroom rocks reflect ancient layered sandstones with calcrete caps; western US pillars (e.g., Monument Valley) reflect homogeneous Navajo Sandstone — both require sustained unidirectional winds over millennia.

VI. Demonstration Precautions
Label Clarity: Labels must be legible at 1080p resolution, placed outside rock silhouettes, never overlapping morphology-critical zones (e.g., cap-stem junction, pillar flutes).
Morphology Fidelity: Mushroom rock must *not* show water-carved features (e.g., potholes, scallops) or biological weathering (e.g., lichen cover); pillar must *not* show joint-controlled fracturing or frost-shattered tops.
Temporal Constraint: Full 10-second video must include: (0–2s) static wide shot establishing layout and labels; (2–6s) slow 10% zoom-in on morphological junctions (cap-stem, pillar mid-height); (6–10s) left-to-right sand particle animation reinforcing wind causality.

Prompt Grounding rubric:
level_1: No labeled rock landforms appear, or only one of the two rock types is shown, or neither rock carries a legible label, or the rocks' shapes don't resemble a wide-capped mushroom form or a straight-sided column, or the two are not arranged side by side as the prompt describes.
level_2: Two rock-like objects appear roughly side by side, but at least one lacks a legible label, the labels are swapped between the rocks, or one shape is clearly wrong (e.g., the left object is a plain block instead of a capped shape, or the right object is conical instead of columnar); the ground beneath either rock is generic and doesn't suggest desert sand or dry clay.
level_3: The left object is labeled 'Desert Mushroom Rock' and the right object is labeled 'Stone Pillar,' correctly placed left and right; the left rock's top is visibly wider than its base, and the right rock stays roughly the same width from top to bottom, though the shapes are rough or the ground beneath each rock isn't clearly differentiated.
level_4: Both labels are correct, legible, and not overlapping the rocks; the left rock's cap is clearly at least twice as wide as its narrowed lower stem; the right rock keeps a nearly constant width (varying by no more than about 15%) along its full height with no cap, bulge, or taper; the left rock sits on pale, sandy-looking ground and the right rock sits on cracked, reddish-brown ground, giving each a distinct regional look.
level_5: All of the above, and the left rock's cap-to-stem transition is a sharp, pinched neck (meeting at roughly less than a 45° angle) rather than a gradual slope, while the right rock's sides run straight and parallel from base to top with no waviness; the pale sand under the left rock and the cracked reddish clay under the right rock read as clearly different ground textures; both rocks appear at a comparable visual scale, roughly centered within their half of the frame, and both labels stay legible and unobstructed for the full duration.

Scientific and Causal Correctness rubric:
level_1: Neither rock shows any sign of wind-driven shaping: surfaces look smooth and unweathered, or the shapes actively contradict wind erosion (e.g., the 'mushroom rock' is wider at its base than its top); no drifting sand or wind cue appears anywhere in the scene.
level_2: The rocks look naturally weathered but nothing points to wind specifically: no grooves, pitting, or sandblasted texture is visible, no sand is shown moving, and the mushroom rock's cap doesn't look any harder or more resistant than its stem.
level_3: Rock surfaces show pitting or fine grooves consistent with sandblasting; the mushroom rock's cap looks intact while its stem looks more worn (suggesting a harder cap over softer rock below); the pillar shows straight vertical flutes running in one consistent direction; however, no moving sand or other explicit wind cue links the two rocks to a shared cause.
level_4: Drifting sand or dust visibly moves in one consistent direction across the scene, grazing the lower stem of the mushroom rock and the full height of the pillar; the mushroom rock's cap stays smooth while its stem shows abrasion, and the pillar's flutes run parallel to and align with the sand's direction of travel; no unrelated erosion cues (no water channels, no frost cracks) appear on either rock.
level_5: The sand's direction of travel, the concentrated wear on roughly the lower 60% of the mushroom rock's narrowed stem, and the even, full-height wear on the pillar all point to one shared cause; any ripple-like patterns in the sand near the mushroom rock and any streaking on the ground near the pillar line up with that same wind direction; no competing process (no water erosion, frost cracking, or plant growth) appears anywhere in the scene.

Spatiotemporal Consistency rubric:
level_1: The two rocks appear to float above the ground or sit at clearly mismatched scales (one looks miniature next to the other); shadows on the two rocks point in different directions; the shot cuts or jumps abruptly between views instead of playing continuously.
level_2: Both rocks touch the ground, but the apparent light direction differs between them (e.g., one rock's shadow falls left, the other's falls right); the size relationship between the two rocks visibly changes over the course of the shot; the camera jitters, jumps, or zooms abruptly at some point.
level_3: Both rocks stay grounded and keep a consistent scale relative to each other throughout; shadows on both rocks point the same direction and shift together, gradually, if the light changes at all; the camera holds one continuous view with no cuts, freezes, or sudden reframing.
level_4: The camera holds a stable framing throughout, with any zoom limited to a single slow, smooth zoom-in on the morphological junctions (no drifting pan, no abrupt or repeated zooming), and both rocks stay fully in frame from start to finish; any drifting sand moves smoothly and continuously in one direction without popping in and out or reversing; shadow length and direction stay coherent as the sequence plays out.
level_5: Camera framing keeps both rocks visible at a comparable relative scale to each other for the entire duration, with any camera motion limited to the single slow, smooth, continuous zoom-in described in the setup and no perspective jump, jitter, or abrupt scale change; shadows on both rocks stay mutually consistent in direction and length from the first frame to the last; any drifting sand moves at a steady, believable pace with no stutters, reversals, or grains that jump position; the whole sequence reads as one smooth, uninterrupted shot.