Domain: Engineering — Energy Engineering
Target concept: The surface temperature of an incandescent lamp is much higher than that of an LED lamp, with the LED experiencing almost no significant temperature rise.

Video generation prompt: A incandescent lamp and an LED lamp with the same power are operated under the same environmental conditions for the same duration, and their surface temperatures are compared using an infrared thermal imager.

Evaluation guide:
(i) Target concept: Thermal emission disparity between resistive (incandescent) and electroluminescent (LED) light sources under identical power input.
Minimum mechanism: Incandescent operation requires heated tungsten filament (~2700 K), emitting broadband IR; LED operation relies on electron-hole recombination in semiconductor, emitting narrowband visible light with negligible lattice heating.
(ii)Storyline: Frame 1–2: Static wide shot showing two identical-form-factor lamps (A = incandescent, B = LED), side-by-side, powered on (visible glow: A dimmer/yellowish, B brighter/whiter). Frame 3–4: Seamless transition to thermal overlay mode: false-color heatmap appears instantaneously and simultaneously across both lamps, with warm palette locked to A and cool palette locked to B. Frame 5–10: Stable sustained view confirming spatial confinement, color distinction, and absence of cross-contamination or drift. Viewpoint remains fixed frontal; no camera motion; thermal display must remain legible and anchored without parallax shift.

Manual:
Experimental Procedure
1. Place incandescent and LED lamps side-by-side on same surface, powered on at identical wattage.
2. Activate infrared thermal imager and display real-time thermal overlay on both lamps.
Observation of Experimental Phenomena
The thermal imager shows a warm-color signature (red/yellow/white) fully covering the incandescent lamp body, and a cool-color signature (blue/purple/green) fully covering the LED lamp body — with no overlap or spillover.
Summary of Experimental Principles
The incandescent lamp converts most electrical energy into infrared radiation (heat), resulting in high surface temperature; the LED lamp converts most energy into visible light with minimal heat generation, resulting in near-ambient surface temperature.

Prompt Grounding rubric:
level_1: Neither lamp type is shown, or only one lamp type is present, or no thermal-imager display is visible, or the incandescent lamp and the LED lamp are not shown powered on at the same time, or the two lamps are not placed next to each other in the frame.
level_2: Both an incandescent lamp and an LED lamp are present and lit, but they are not shown next to each other in the same frame; or a thermal-imager display appears but shows only numbers/text with no color-coded heat image; or the two lamps are shown at different times rather than together and simultaneous.
level_3: Both lamps are visible side by side, powered on, and a thermal-imager display is shown, but the display does not clearly separate into two distinct signatures lined up with each lamp (e.g., a single flat color across both, a heat map misaligned with the lamps, or no visible contrast between the two lamp regions).
level_4: Both lamps sit side by side, powered on, and the thermal display shows two signatures lined up with the two lamps (one over the incandescent lamp, one over the LED lamp), but the two signatures use the same color (e.g., both shown in the same shade of orange) or one signature's edges do not line up with its lamp's outline.
level_5: Both lamps sit side by side, powered on, and the thermal display shows two separate, unbroken signatures precisely lined up with each lamp's outline, the incandescent lamp's signature rendered in warm colors (red/yellow) and the LED lamp's signature rendered in cool colors (blue/purple/green), with no overlap between the two signatures and nothing (glare, misalignment, cropping) obscuring either one.

Scientific and Causal Correctness rubric:
level_1: The thermal display contradicts the physics of the two lamp types: e.g., the LED lamp's signature looks as hot as or hotter than the incandescent lamp's, or the incandescent lamp shows only a faint, barely-warm tint despite drawing the same wattage as the LED, or no intensity difference between the two lamps can be seen at all.
level_2: A warm/cool color split exists between the two lamps, but the intensity gap looks implausible for lamps of equal input power: e.g., the LED's cool signature looks almost as bright or saturated as the incandescent's warm signature, so the video does not convey the incandescent as clearly much hotter.
level_3: The incandescent lamp's warm signature is visibly more intense/saturated overall than the LED lamp's cool signature, but the contrast is uneven across each lamp's own visible surface (e.g., only part of the incandescent bulb reads intensely hot while the rest looks only mildly warm, with nothing shown to explain the difference, such as a shield or reflector).
level_4: The incandescent lamp's warm signature is intense and even across its whole visible surface, the LED lamp's signature stays faint and near-ambient across its whole visible surface, and the gap between the two clearly shows the incandescent putting out far more heat than the LED; but there is a small inconsistency, such as an unexplained warm patch covering roughly a quarter or less of the LED's housing.
level_5: The thermal display makes the underlying mechanism legible at a glance: the incandescent lamp's signature is uniformly intense, consistent with a heated filament radiating most of its input power as heat; the LED lamp's signature is uniformly faint and close to the surrounding background level, consistent with a light source that converts most of its input power into visible light rather than heat; the gap between the two is large and obvious; and neither lamp shows a patch that contradicts this pattern (no hot spot on the LED, no cool patch on the incandescent).

Spatiotemporal Consistency rubric:
level_1: A lamp appears to jump to a different spot or vanish and reappear between frames; the thermal overlay flickers off or disappears at some point; or a lamp's outline visibly warps (bends, stretches, or melts).
level_2: One lamp visibly shifts position or tilts while the other stays put; the thermal overlay visibly slides away from the lamp it is supposed to cover, drifting onto the background or the other lamp; or a shadow beneath a lamp suddenly appears on the opposite side with no visible change in the light source.
level_3: Both lamps stay in the same spot and orientation for the whole video, and the thermal overlay stays visibly attached to each lamp throughout; but there is one small, brief slip: the overlay's edge visibly wobbles against a lamp's outline for a moment, or a lamp's edge briefly blurs during a camera adjustment, without changing either lamp's shape or which lamp carries which color.
level_4: Both lamps stay fixed in position, orientation, and size, and the thermal overlay closely tracks each lamp's outline for the entire video, with lighting and shadows looking the same from start to end; but one frame shows a brief visual glitch (a flash of blockiness, or a stray flicker in the overlay's color) that does not change which lamp reads warm and which reads cool.
level_5: Both lamps stay completely still in position, orientation, and size for the whole video with no visible warping; the thermal overlay stays locked onto each lamp's outline the entire time with no visible drift, wobble, or flicker; the lighting, shadows, and reflections look identical in the last frame as in the first; there is no blur, glitch, or sudden change anywhere in the clip.