Domain: Engineering — Communications Engineering
Target concept: Channel and Noise Interference

Video generation prompt: A camera transmits a color image signal to a display, gradually increasing the pulse interference from small to large, demonstrating the changes in the display's image.

Evaluation guide:
(i) Target concept: Pulse interference degrades video signal fidelity in proportion to its amplitude, revealing channel noise tolerance thresholds.
Minimum mechanism: A real-time video signal must flow continuously from camera sensor → transmission channel → display processing chain; interference must be injected into the channel (not at source or sink); degradation must reflect discrete, additive, non-smooth corruption (not analog attenuation or blur).
(ii)Storyline: [Frame 1–3] Camera views static color scene; signal path (cable/interface) is visible; display shows clean, stable color image. [Frame 4–6] First interference artifacts appear: sparse, instantaneous white flashes localized on display. [Frame 7–8] Artifacts increase: repeated horizontal white lines appear, covering increasing vertical extent. [Frame 9–10] Final state: display dominated by stochastic white/black speckles, yet underlying color regions (e.g., red, green) remain faintly discriminable. Throughout: fixed viewpoint; no camera/display motion; no lighting shift; all artifacts confined to display surface; no reverse or skip in interference severity order.

Manual:
Experimental Procedure
1. A camera captures a static color image (e.g., red apple on green cloth).
2. The image is transmitted in real time to a display screen via a wired connection.
3. Pulse interference is introduced gradually: starting with rare, brief white flashes; progressing to frequent horizontal line artifacts; ending with dense, full-screen noise.
Observation of Experimental Phenomena
- At low interference: isolated white pixels or short flashes appear on display, image remains mostly intact.
- At medium interference: horizontal white lines sweep or persist across display, partially obscuring image.
- At high interference: display fills with dynamic white/black speckle noise, severely degrading image legibility while preserving underlying color structure.
Summary of Experimental Principles
Pulse interference corrupts the video signal by injecting high-amplitude transient voltages into the transmission channel. As interference amplitude increases, it exceeds the receiver’s noise margin, causing increasing bit errors — manifesting visually as discrete artifacts (flashes), structured distortions (lines), and finally broadband noise (snow). This demonstrates channel capacity limits and noise immunity thresholds in analog/digital video systems.

Prompt Grounding rubric:
level_1: No camera is shown, no display is shown, there is no visible signal path connecting them, no pulse interference is ever depicted, no progression in interference severity is shown, or no color image ever appears on the display.
level_2: The camera, the display, or the static color image appears, but no interference is ever shown; or interference appears but never changes in severity (only one intensity level the whole time); or a color image appears on the display with no implied connection back to the camera (e.g., camera absent or not oriented toward the shown scene).
level_3: The camera and display are both present and visibly connected (cable, matching interface, or an aligned physical layout implying transmission); a color image appears on the display; pulse interference shows up as a visible artifact (flashes, streaks, or speckling) that changes over time: at least two distinguishably different intensities appear one after another, in increasing order, with no level appearing more than once or out of order.
level_4: Everything in Level 3 holds, AND the interference consistently originates from roughly the same part of the screen across the video (e.g., always full-frame, or always a particular band) rather than jumping to a new random region each time; the color image keeps the same recognizable subject, composition, and palette throughout despite the interference, with no unrelated change in what is being shown.
level_5: Everything in Level 4 holds, AND the interference progresses through at least three clearly distinguishable severity levels (for example, sparse brief flashes, then persistent line-like streaks, then dense screen-wide speckling), appearing strictly in increasing order with no level skipped, repeated, or overlapping with another; the camera and display keep the same relative position and framing, and the underlying color image's composition and hues stay stable across every level.

Scientific and Causal Correctness rubric:
level_1: There is no relationship between interference severity and how much the image degrades: e.g., the image stays perfectly clear no matter how strong the interference looks, or the image changes in an unrelated way (like an overall hue shift) instead of via visible glitches, or the image is shown in monochrome despite the setup calling for a color image.
level_2: Interference artifacts appear and the image does degrade somewhat, but not in a way consistent with pulse interference: for example, the artifacts drift and blur like smoke rather than appearing as sharp glitches, or the image degrades before any interference artifact appears, or a change in overall color/hue dominates instead of structural glitches like streaks or dropouts.
level_3: Interference artifacts grow more frequent and prominent over time, and the image's visible disruption tracks that growth: stronger interference means more frequent or longer glitches (more flashes, longer streak coverage, more dropout moments); the image's colors stay intact throughout (no hue shift, no fading to grayscale) even as structural noise (spots, lines, patches) increases.
level_4: Everything in Level 3 holds, AND every interference artifact stays confined to the display screen itself, never appearing to spill onto the camera body or the background around it; no unrelated degradation (blurring, dimming, motion smear) shows up alongside the glitch-type artifacts; the image's distinct color regions stay distinguishable and correctly placed at every interference level.
level_5: Everything in Level 4 holds, AND the severity levels are clearly ordered by how much of the screen they affect and how persistent they are (for instance a first level that covers less than 10% of the screen and appears only briefly, a middle level with sustained line-like artifacts covering roughly a third of the screen, and a final level with near-continuous noise covering more than 70% of the screen), with no color bleeding, no shift in overall brightness/contrast, and no flicker unrelated to the interference itself.

Spatiotemporal Consistency rubric:
level_1: The camera or the display jumps to a different position between shots; there is a sudden viewpoint change (e.g., a wide shot cutting straight to an extreme close-up); ambient lighting disappears or changes abruptly mid-video with no cause; the display's surface bends or warps unnaturally; or the camera body rotates or changes scale in a way no real mechanical motion would produce.
level_2: The camera or display shifts position or scale between different interference levels even though the framing is supposed to stay fixed; the lighting flickers independently of the interference artifacts themselves; a shadow's direction changes in a way inconsistent with a single fixed light source; a reflection on the display appears or disappears illogically; or a visible cable connection seems to disconnect and reconnect with no corresponding motion.
level_3: The camera and display keep a constant relative position and orientation throughout; the lighting stays steady with no unexplained brightness or contrast shift; any visible cable stays continuously taut and unbroken; the display surface stays flat and rigid; every interference artifact appears only on the display screen itself, never floating in the background or in mid-air.
level_4: Everything in Level 3 holds, AND there are no frame skips, freeze-then-jump moments, or stutters anywhere in the video; the on-screen motion of artifacts (e.g., a flash spreading or a streak sweeping) is smooth and moves in a consistent direction; there is no misalignment, jitter, or perspective shift between the camera and the display's geometry from one frame to the next.
level_5: Everything in Level 4 holds, AND the display's edges stay straight and parallel in every frame with no bulging or pinching distortion; both the camera body and the display stay in equally sharp focus throughout, with no shift in what is in focus; no motion blur appears that would be inconsistent with the kind of artifact shown (e.g., no directional smearing on artifacts that should look like isolated flickers rather than streaks).