Domain: Natural Science — Physics
Target concept: Short circuit

Video generation prompt: A battery, two LED lights, and two single-pole switches are arranged on a tabletop to form a circuit: one switch is wired in series with the battery and both LEDs, and a second switch is pre-wired in parallel across only one of the two LEDs. First, the series switch is pressed to close the circuit. Then, the parallel switch is pressed to short-circuit the LED it bridges.

Evaluation guide:
(i) Target concept: Short circuit as a low-resistance parallel path diverting current away from a component in a series circuit.
Minimum mechanism: Battery must provide EMF; LEDs must be forward-biased diodes requiring minimum voltage to emit light; switch contacts must be conductive and make/break physical connection; wires must be continuous conductors; parallel switch must bridge only the targeted LED terminals without contacting other nodes.
(ii)Storyline: Frame 0–3: Static tabletop setup showing battery, two LEDs in line, first switch in series, second switch wired across left LED only. Frame 4–6: First switch pressed → both LEDs illuminate simultaneously. Frame 7–10: Second switch pressed → left LED extinguishes instantly while right LED remains lit. All events occur from fixed frontal tabletop view; no camera movement; all components remain fully visible and occlusion-free throughout.

Manual:
Experimental Procedure
1. On a tabletop, wire a battery, two LEDs, and a series switch into a closed loop; also pre-wire a second switch in parallel across only the left LED.
2. Press the series switch to close the circuit.
3. Press the parallel switch to short-circuit the left LED.
Observation of Experimental Phenomena
- When the series switch is pressed: both LEDs light up.
- When the parallel switch is pressed: the left LED (bridged by the parallel switch) turns OFF; the right LED stays lit, and its brightness may hold steady or increase slightly because the shorted LED's voltage drop is removed from the loop.
Summary of Experimental Principles
- In a series circuit, current flows through every component; shorting one LED removes its voltage drop from the loop, which can change the current reaching the remaining LED.
- Wiring a switch in parallel across an LED creates a near-zero-resistance bypass: current preferentially flows through the switch instead of the LED, so that LED goes dark while the rest of the circuit stays active — demonstrating an electrical short circuit. Because no current-limiting resistor is present in this setup, the remaining LED's brightness is expected to hold steady or increase rather than dim.

Prompt Grounding rubric:
level_1: The tabletop scene is missing the battery, one or both LEDs, or either single-pole switch; or fewer than two LEDs appear; or the battery, LEDs, and switches are never wired into any closed loop.
level_2: Battery, two LEDs, and at least one switch appear, but the initial wiring is wrong: the series switch is not placed within the battery-LED loop, the two LEDs are not both wired inline with the battery, or the second (parallel) switch is missing from the scene entirely.
level_3: Battery, two LEDs, and two single-pole switches are all present from the very start: the first switch sits in series with the battery and both LEDs forming a closed loop, and the second switch bridges the two terminals of exactly one LED (not the battery, not both LEDs); all components sit on one tabletop viewed from a fixed angle.
level_4: The score 3 setup is correct, and over the course of the clip the series switch is visibly pressed (clear finger contact or toggle motion) before the parallel switch is pressed; both switches keep their original wired positions (series switch in the main loop, parallel switch across the single LED) for the entire clip.
level_5: The score 4 behavior is correct, and the two switches stay visually distinguishable throughout (different housing, position, or labeling so a viewer can tell the series switch from the parallel shorting switch); there are no extra wires, no duplicated switches, and every wire traces a clean, unambiguous path between battery, LEDs, and switches.

Scientific and Causal Correctness rubric:
level_1: Neither LED ever changes state; or both LEDs are already lit identically at the start and stay that way after both switch presses; or only one LED ever lights up during the entire clip.
level_2: After the series switch is pressed, only one LED lights instead of both, as if the LEDs were wired in parallel rather than series; or after the parallel switch is pressed, both LEDs go dark together, neither goes dark, or the bridged LED only dims instead of fully turning off.
level_3: After the series switch is pressed, both LEDs light up together; after the parallel switch is pressed, only the LED it bridges turns fully OFF while the other LED stays lit, with no flicker, partial glow, or premature state change before the corresponding switch press.
level_4: The score 3 behavior holds, and the OFF LED shows no residual glow once shorted; the remaining lit LED does not dim after the short (a steady or slightly brighter glow is acceptable, since removing the shorted LED's voltage drop can raise the current through the other LED); each state change happens right at its switch press, without a noticeable delay.
level_5: The score 4 behavior holds, and if the parallel switch is shown being released, the bridged LED promptly lights again, demonstrating the short is reversible; the LED that stays lit shows no color shift or sudden brightness spike suggestive of overdriving; no current appears to reach the circuit through any path other than the wires and switches shown.

Spatiotemporal Consistency rubric:
level_1: The battery, an LED, or a switch abruptly appears, disappears, or jumps to a new spot on the tabletop between frames; a wire visibly disconnects and reconnects with no hand or tool touching it; an LED changes brightness with no switch press ever shown; the scene suddenly flips between bright and dark, or shadows snap to a new direction, with no switch press or lighting change to explain it; the tabletop or camera view suddenly changes.
level_2: One clear spatial break occurs: a switch appears in a different tabletop location right before it is pressed, an LED's state changes before any visible contact with a switch, the tabletop tilts or shifts mid-clip, or the room lighting changes with no switch action to explain it.
level_3: The battery, both LEDs, and both switches stay in the same tabletop positions throughout; no component vanishes, duplicates, or swaps places; each switch press plays out as a continuous pressing motion rather than an instant cut; each LED's on/off change happens at the same moment as its matching switch press.
level_4: The score 3 continuity holds, and every wire stays attached at both ends with no floating or detached segments; shadows cast by the components shift only when the camera or scene lighting is meant to change, never snapping to a new direction on their own; the clip shows no skipped or repeated frames that would make the pressing motion look choppy.
level_5: The score 4 continuity holds, and each switch's pressing motion looks mechanically plausible (steady finger or toggle travel, not an instant snap or a reversed motion); any wire flex matches the direction of the press; each LED turns on or off cleanly with no strobing partway through; the relative depth ordering of the switches and LEDs stays consistent as the camera or components move.