Sazuna/UAT_keywords huggingface dataset:
JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging. JWST has revolutionized the field of extragalactic astronomy with its sensitive and high-resolution infrared view of the distant Universe. Adding to the new legacy of JWST observations, we present the first NIRCam imaging data release from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), providing nine filters of infrared imaging of ~25 arcmin2 covering the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and portions of Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South. Utilizing 87 on-sky dual-filter hours of exposure time, these images reveal the deepest ever near-infrared view of this iconic field. We supply carefully constructed nine-band mosaics of the JADES bands, as well as matching reductions of five additional bands from the JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey. Combining with existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we provide 23-band space-based photometric catalogs and photometric redshifts for ≈47,500 sources. To promote broad engagement with JADES, we have created an interactive FitsMap website to provide an interface for professional researchers and the public to experience these JWST data sets. Combined with the first JADES NIRSpec data release, these public JADES imaging and spectroscopic data sets provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared Universe by the worldwide scientific community.

Keywords: High-redshift galaxies
A Comprehensive Analysis of Repeating Fast Radio Bursts. Nearly 700 fast radio burst (FRB) sources have been detected so far, of which 29 are found to burst out repeatedly. Although a firm connection between at least some FRBs and magnetars has been established, the trigger mechanism and radiation process in these enigmatic phenomena are still highly controversial. In this study, we build a sample of 16 repeating FRBs from which at least five bursts have been detected, including the most active four repeaters of FRBs 20121102A, 20180916B, 20190520B, and 20201124A. Various key parameters of their bursts are collected from the literature, which include the arrival time, pulse width, dispersion measure (DM), Faraday rotation measure (RM), bandwidth, waiting time, peak flux, and fluence. The distribution and time evolution of these parameters are investigated. Potential correlations between various parameter pairs are also extensively explored. The behaviors of different repeaters are then compared. It is found that the DM of FRB 20121102A seems to increase continuously on a long timescale. While the DM of most repeaters varies in a narrow range of ±3 cm-3 pc, FRB 20190520B is found to have a large variation range of ±12 cm-3 pc. The RM evolves with time in a much more chaotic behavior in different repeaters. A linear correlation is found between the absolute mean RM and DMHost, which may provide a method to estimate the redshift of FRBs. Generally, the waiting time shows a similar bimodal distribution for the active repeating sources. The implications of these features to the underlying physics are discussed.

Keywords: Neutron stars, High energy astrophysics, Radio pulsars, Astrostatistics, Pulsars, Burst astrophysics, Radio bursts, Magnetars, Radio transient sources
Photometry of Outer Solar System Objects from the Dark Energy Survey. I. Photometric Methods, Light-curve Distributions, and Trans-Neptunian Binaries. We report the methods of and initial scientific inferences from the extraction of precision photometric information for the &gt;800 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) discovered in the images of the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Scene-modeling photometry is used to obtain shot-noise-limited flux measures for each exposure of each TNO, with background sources subtracted. Comparison of double-source fits to the pixel data with single-source fits are used to identify and characterize two binary TNO systems. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo method samples the joint likelihood of the intrinsic colors of each source as well as the amplitude of its flux variation, given the time series of multiband flux measurements and their uncertainties. A catalog of these colors and light-curve amplitudes A is included with this publication. We show how to assign a likelihood to the distribution q(A) of light-curve amplitudes in any subpopulation. Using this method, we find decisive evidence (i.e., evidence ratio &lt;0.01) that cold classical (CC) TNOs with absolute magnitude 6 &lt; H  r  &lt; 8.2 are more variable than the hot classical (HC) population of the same H  r , reinforcing theories that the former form in situ and the latter arise from a different physical population. Resonant and scattering TNOs in this H  r  range have variability consistent with either the HCs or CCs. DES TNOs with H  r  &lt; 6 are seen to be decisively less variable than higher-H  r  members of any dynamical group, as expected. More surprising is that detached TNOs are decisively less variable than scattering TNOs, which requires them to have distinct source regions or some subsequent differential processing.

Keywords: Asteroid satellites, Kuiper belt, Photometry, Trans-Neptunian objects
Photoionization from the Ground and Excited Vibrational States of {{H}}_{2}(+) and Its Deuterated Isotopologues. Photoionization cross sections and rate coefficients have been calculated for all bound vibrational levels of the 1sσ g state of ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$ , HD+, and ${{\rm{D}}}_{2}^{+}$ . The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is employed in our calculation of vibrationally resolved photoionization cross sections. Vibrationally resolved and local thermal equilibrium photoionization rate coefficients are presented for photon temperatures less than 50,000 K and are found to be several orders of magnitude larger than previous results in the literature. Analytic fits for the vibrationally resolved and local thermal equilibrium photoionization rate coefficients are provided. Near-threshold oscillations in the vibrationally resolved photoionization are observed. A benchmark set of photoionization cross sections are presented. Fixed-nuclei photoionization cross sections are calculated using two-center true continuum wave functions and are verified by comparison with previous calculations and are found to be in excellent agreement in all cases. Data files for our set of benchmark cross sections, rate coefficients, and fitting parameters for ${{\rm{H}}}_{2}^{+}$ , HD+, and ${{\rm{D}}}_{2}^{+}$ are available on Zenodo under an open-source Creative Commons Attribution license at doi:10.5281/zenodo.8304061.

Keywords: Molecular physics, Photoionization, Reaction rates
The Farmer: A Reproducible Profile-fitting Photometry Package for Deep Galaxy Surveys. While space-borne optical and near-infrared facilities have succeeded in delivering a precise and spatially resolved picture of our Universe, their small survey area is known to underrepresent the true diversity of galaxy populations. Ground-based surveys have reached comparable depths but at lower spatial resolution, resulting in source confusion that hampers accurate photometry extractions. What once was limited to the infrared regime has now begun to challenge ground-based ultradeep surveys, affecting detection and photometry alike. Failing to address these challenges will mean forfeiting a representative view into the distant Universe. We introduce The Farmer: an automated, reproducible profile-fitting photometry package that pairs a library of smooth parametric models from The Tractor with a decision tree that determines the best-fit model in concert with neighboring sources. Photometry is measured by fitting the models on other bands leaving brightness free to vary. The resulting photometric measurements are naturally total, and no aperture corrections are required. Supporting diagnostics (e.g., χ 2) enable measurement validation. As fitting models is relatively time intensive, The Farmer is built with high-performance computing routines. We benchmark The Farmer on a set of realistic COSMOS-like images and find accurate photometry, number counts, and galaxy shapes. The Farmer is already being utilized to produce catalogs for several large-area deep extragalactic surveys where it has been shown to tackle some of the most challenging optical and near-infrared data available, with the promise of extending to other ultradeep surveys expected in the near future. The Farmer is available to download from GitHub (https://github.com/astroweaver/the_farmer) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8205817).

Keywords: Catalogs, Photometry, Astrostatistics
PEARLS: Near-infrared Photometry in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field. We present near-infrared (NIR) ground-based Y, J, H, and K imaging obtained in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field (NEP TDF) using the MMT-Magellan Infrared Imager and Spectrometer on the MMT. These new observations cover a field of approximately 230 arcmin2 in Y, H, and K, and 313 arcmin2 in J. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate a 1σ depth relative to the background sky of (Y, J, H, K) = (23.80, 23.53, 23.13, 23.28) in AB magnitudes for point sources at a 95% completeness level. These observations are part of the ground-based effort to characterize this region of the sky, supplementing space-based data obtained with Chandra, NuSTAR, XMM, AstroSat, Hubble Space Telescope, and JWST. This paper describes the observations and reduction of the NIR imaging and combines these NIR data with archival imaging in the visible, obtained with the Subaru Hyper-Suprime-Cam, to produce a merged catalog of 57,501 sources. The new observations reported here, plus the corresponding multiwavelength catalog, will provide a baseline for time-domain studies of bright sources in the NEP TDF. * Partly based on observations taken with the MMT, a joint facility operated by the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution.

Keywords: Surveys, Galaxy photometry, Galaxy evolution, Galaxy counts, Catalogs
Can the Parker Solar Probe Detect a CME-flare Current Sheet?. A current sheet (CS) is the central structure in the disrupting magnetic configuration during solar eruptions. More than 90% of the free magnetic energy (the difference between the energy in the nonpotential magnetic field and that in the potential one) stored in the coronal magnetic field beforehand is converted into the heating and kinetic energy of the plasma, as well as accelerating charged particles, by magnetic reconnection occurring in the CS. However, the detailed physical properties and fine structures of the CS are still unknown, since there is no relevant information obtained via in situ detections. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) may provide us with such information should it traverse a CS in an eruption. The perihelion of PSP's final orbit is located at about 10 solar radii from the center of the Sun, so it can observe the CS at a very close distance, or even traverse the CS, which would provide us with a unique opportunity to look into the fine properties and structures of the CS, helping to reveal the detailed physics of large-scale reconnection that would have been impossible before. We evaluate the probability that PSP can traverse a CS, and examine the orbit of a PSP-like spacecraft that has the highest probability to traverse a CS.

Keywords: Heliocentric orbit, Solar coronal mass ejections, Solar magnetic reconnection
Science Opportunities for IMAP-Lo Observations of Interstellar Neutral Helium, Neon, and Oxygen during a Maximum of Solar Activity. Direct-sampling observations of interstellar neutral (ISN) species and their secondary populations give information about the physical state of the local interstellar medium and processes occurring in the outer heliosheath. Such observations are performed from Earth's orbit by the IBEX-Lo experiment on board the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission. IBEX ISN viewing is restricted to directions close to perpendicular to the Earth-Sun line, which limits the observations of interstellar species to several months during the year. A greatly improved data set will be possible for the upcoming Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe (IMAP) mission due to a novel concept of putting the IMAP ISN detector, IMAP-Lo, on a pivot platform that varies the angle of observation relative to the Sun-Earth line and the detector boresight. Here, we suggest a 2 yr scenario for varying the viewing angle in such a way that all the necessary atom components can be observed sufficiently well to achieve the science goals of the nominal IMAP mission. This scenario facilitates, among others, removal of the correlation of the inflow parameters of interstellar gas, unambiguous analysis of the primary and secondary populations of interstellar helium (He), neon (Ne), and oxygen (O), and determination of the ionization rates of He and Ne free of possible calibration bias. The scheme is operationally simple, provides good counting statistics, and synergizes observations of interstellar species and heliospheric energetic neutral atoms.

Keywords: Interstellar magnetic fields, Interstellar clouds, Heliosphere, Interstellar medium
BASS. XXXIV. A Catalog of the Nuclear Millimeter-wave Continuum Emission Properties of AGNs Constrained on Scales ≤ 100-200 pc. We present a catalog of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) continuum properties of 98 nearby (z &lt; 0.05) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the 70 month Swift/BAT hard-X-ray catalog that have precisely determined X-ray spectral properties and subarcsecond-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 6 (211-275 GHz) observations as of 2021 April. Due to the hard-X-ray (&gt;10 keV) selection, the sample is nearly unbiased for obscured systems at least up to Compton-thick-level obscuration, and provides the largest number of AGNs with high-physical-resolution mm-wave data (≲100-200 pc). Our catalog reports emission peak coordinates, spectral indices, and peak fluxes and luminosities at 1.3 mm (230 GHz). Additionally, high-resolution mm-wave images are provided. Using the images and creating radial surface brightness profiles of mm-wave emission, we identify emission extending from the central sources and isolated blob-like emission. Flags indicating the presence of these emission features are tabulated. Among 90 AGNs with significant detections of nuclear emission, 37 AGNs (≈41%) appear to have both or one of extended or blob-like components. We, in particular, investigate AGNs that show well-resolved mm-wave components and find that these seem to have a variety of origins (i.e., a jet, radio lobes, a secondary AGN, stellar clusters, a narrow-line region, galaxy disk, active star formation regions, or AGN-driven outflows), and some components have currently unclear origins.

Keywords: Galactic center, High energy astrophysics, Millimeter astronomy, Active galactic nuclei, Astrophysical black holes
IceCat-1: The IceCube Event Catalog of Alert Tracks. We present a catalog of likely astrophysical neutrino track-like events from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. IceCube began reporting likely astrophysical neutrinos in 2016, and this system was updated in 2019. The catalog presented here includes events that were reported in real time since 2019, as well as events identified in archival data samples starting from 2011. We report 275 neutrino events from two selection channels as the first entries in the catalog, the IceCube Event Catalog of Alert Tracks, which will see ongoing extensions with additional alerts. The Gold and Bronze alert channels respectively provide neutrino candidates with a 50% and 30% probability of being astrophysical, on average assuming an astrophysical neutrino power-law energy spectral index of 2.19. For each neutrino alert, we provide the reconstructed energy, direction, false-alarm rate, probability of being astrophysical in origin, and likelihood contours describing the spatial uncertainty in the alert's reconstructed location. We also investigate a directional correlation of these neutrino events with gamma-ray and X-ray catalogs, including 4FGL, 3HWC, TeVCat, and Swift-BAT.

Keywords: Neutrino astronomy, Astronomical methods, High energy astrophysics
Infrared Spectral Fingerprint of Neutral and Charged Endo- and Exohedral Metallofullerenes. Small metal-containing molecules have been detected and recognized as one of the hybrid species that are efficiently formed in space, especially in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. It has also been predicted that more complex hybrid species such as those formed by metals and fullerenes (metallofullerenes) could be present in these circumstellar environments. Recently, quantum-chemical simulations of metallofullerenes have shown that they are potential emitters contributing to the observed mid-IR spectra in the fullerene-rich circumstellar environments of different types of evolved stars. Here we present the individual simulated mid-IR (~5-50 μm) spectra of 28 metallofullerene species. Both neutral and charged endo- and exohedral metallofullerenes for seven different metals (Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Ti, and Fe) have been considered. The changes induced by the metal-C60 interaction in the intensity and position of the spectral features are highlighted using charge-density difference maps and electron-density partitioning. Our calculations identify the fundamental IR spectral regions in which, depending on the metal binding nature, there should be a major spectral contribution from each of the metallofullerenes. The IR spectra of the metallofullerenes are made publicly available to the astronomical community, especially users of the James Webb Space Telescope, for comparisons that could eventually lead to the detection of these species in space.

Keywords: Infrared spectroscopy, Quantum-chemical calculations, Astrochemistry
DESI z ≳ 5 Quasar Survey. I. A First Sample of 400 New Quasars at z 4.7-6.6. We report the first results of a high-redshift (z ≳ 5) quasar survey using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). As a DESI secondary target program, this survey is designed to carry out a systematic search and investigation of quasars at 4.8 &lt; z &lt; 6.8. The target selection is based on the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (the Legacy Surveys) DR9 photometry, combined with the Pan-STARRS1 data and J-band photometry from public surveys. A first quasar sample has been constructed from the DESI Survey Validation 3 (SV3) and first-year observations until 2022 May. This sample includes more than 400 new quasars at redshift 4.7 ≤ z &lt; 6.6, down to 21.5 magnitude (AB) in the z band, discovered from 35% of the entire target sample. Remarkably, there are 220 new quasars identified at z ≥ 5, more than one-third of existing quasars previously published at this redshift. The observations so far result in an average success rate of 23% at z &gt; 4.7. The current spectral data set has already allowed analysis of interesting individual objects (e.g., quasars with damped Lyα absorbers and broad absorption line features), and statistical analysis will follow the survey's completion. A set of science projects will be carried out leveraging this program, including quasar luminosity function, quasar clustering, intergalactic medium, quasar spectral properties, intervening absorbers, and properties of early supermassive black holes. Additionally, a sample of 38 new quasars at z ~ 3.8-5.7 discovered from a pilot survey in the DESI SV1 is also published in this paper.

Keywords: Surveys, Broad-absorption line quasar, Quasars
Toward Measuring the Microlensing Event Rate in the Galactic Center. I. Event Detection from the UKIRT Microlensing Survey Data. To overcome the high optical extinction, near-infrared (NIR) observations are needed for probing the microlensing events toward the Galactic center. The 2015-2019 UKIRT microlensing survey toward the Galactic center is the first dedicated precursor NIR survey for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Here, we analyze the online data from the UKIRT microlensing survey, reaching l = b = 0°. Using the event-finder algorithm of KMTNet with the ∆χ 2 threshold of 250, we find 522 clear events, 436 possible events, and 27 possible anomalous events. We fit a point-source point-lens (PSPL) model to all the clear events and derive the PSPL parameters with uncertainties using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Assuming perfect detection efficiency, we compute the uncorrected event rates, which should serve as the lower limits on the true event rate. We find that the uncorrected NIR event rates are likely rising toward the Galactic center and are higher than the optical event rates.

Keywords: Gravitational microlensing exoplanet detection, Surveys, Exoplanet astronomy, Catalogs, Near infrared astronomy
Accelerating Dedispersion Using Many-core Architectures. Astrophysical radio signals are excellent probes of extreme physical processes that emit them. However, to reach Earth, electromagnetic radiation passes through the ionized interstellar medium, introducing a frequency-dependent time delay (dispersion) to the emitted signal. Removing dispersion enables searches for transient signals like fast radio bursts or repeating signals from isolated pulsars or those in orbit around other compact objects. The sheer volume and high resolution of data that next-generation radio telescopes will produce require high-performance computing solutions and algorithms to be used in time-domain data-processing pipelines to extract scientifically valuable results in real time. This paper presents a state-of-the-art implementation of brute force incoherent dedispersion on NVIDIA graphics-processing units and on Intel and AMD central-processing units. We show that our implementation is 4× faster (8-bit 8192 channels input) than other available solutions, and we demonstrate, using 11 existing telescopes, that our implementation is at least 20× faster than real time. This work is part of the AstroAccelerate package.

Keywords: GPU computing, Computational methods, Computational astronomy, Pulsars
SPROUT: A Moving-mesh Hydro Code Using a Uniformly Expanding Cartesian Grid. We present the publicly available moving-mesh hydrodynamics code Sprout. Sprout solves the equations of ideal hydrodynamics on an expanding Cartesian mesh. The expanding mesh can follow fluid outflows for several orders of magnitude with very little numerical diffusion, thereby capturing shocks and fine structures accurately. Following the bulk flow accurately also allows for longer time steps in general. This makes Sprout particularly suitable for studying expanding outflows such as supernova remnants and active galactic nuclei. Relative to other moving-mesh codes, the simple mesh structure in Sprout is also convenient for implementing additional physics or algorithms. Many code tests are performed to test the accuracy and performance of the numerical scheme.

Keywords: Computational methods, Astrophysical fluid dynamics, Hydrodynamics