Sazuna/UAT_keywords huggingface dataset:
Quasar Luminosity Function Modeled using a Tapered Power Law. The formation of Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) early in the universe challenges our understanding of black holes formation, since they appear to be well-established by several hundred millions of years after the big bang. Therefore, theories including direct-collapse black holes and times of super-Eddington accretion are utilized to explain the phenomenon. Quasars can be studied to help explain the growth of these SMBHs using the quasar luminosity function (QLF). The function used here to model the QLF is a four parametered function, the tapered power law. With further calculations, this data shows that periods of super-Eddington accretion are likely happening, and that the seed mass for these SMBHs ranges from about 102 to 105M⊙.

Keywords: Luminosity function, Supermassive black holes, Quasars
TESS Science Processing Operations Center FFI Target List Products. We report the delivery to the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes of target pixel and light curve files for up to 160,000 targets selected from full-frame images (FFI) for each TESS Northern hemisphere observing sector. The data include calibrated target pixels, simple aperture photometry flux time series, and presearch data conditioning corrected flux time series. These data provide TESS users with high quality, uniform pipeline products for a selection of FFI targets, that would otherwise not be readily available. Additionally, we deliver cotrending basis vectors derived from the FFI targets to allow users to perform their own systematic error corrections. The selected targets include all 2 minute targets and additional targets selected from the TESS Input Catalog with a maximum of 10,000 targets per sector on each of the sixteen TESS CCDs. The data products are in the same format as the project-delivered files for the TESS 2 minute targets.

Keywords: Stellar photometry, CCD photometry, Catalogs
On the Abundances of Lanthanides in HgMn Stars. Little is known about the abundances of lanthanides in the Chemically Peculiar HgMn stars. Evidence is presented in this Note that they are not important absorbers in the classical HgMn stars μ Lep and β Scl. A fully consistent abundance analysis of lanthanides on a single temperature scale, using the same atomic data and including hyperfine structure for a larger number of HgMn stars is necessary.

Keywords: Mercury-manganese stars, Chemically peculiar stars
Indirectly Measuring Stellar Velocity Dispersions in High-redshift Disk Galaxies. In the Milky Way, older stars tend to have higher vertical velocity dispersions and comprise a thicker component of the stellar disk. Historically, this has been attributed to the gradual vertical heating of stellar orbits. A competing explanation suggests that stars may have formed in thicker disks at earlier times, inheriting the turbulent velocities of the gas in which they formed. As the gas velocity dispersion in disks declines with time, stars should form in thinner disks. Both explanations are consistent with today's Milky Way. We present a novel technique to break this degeneracy by indirectly measuring the vertical stellar velocity dispersion of high redshift galaxies using Hubble Space Telescope imaging. We assess this method using a high-resolution hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulation. By comparing the true vertical velocity dispersion of the simulated disk against what is inferred through its synthetic images, we demonstrate the potential of this approach.

Keywords: Stellar kinematics, Hydrodynamical simulations, Galaxy kinematics, Galaxy evolution
Photometry of 10 Million Stars from the First Two Years of TESS Full Frame Images: Part I. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is the first high-precision full-sky photometric survey in space. We extracted light curves from a magnitude limited set of stars and other stationary luminous objects from the TESS Full Frame Images using the MIT Quick Look Pipeline. Here, we describe the techniques used to create light curves.

Keywords: Space observatories, Astronomy data analysis
Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES): Data Release I. We present the first Data Release (DR1) from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) program, a Director's Discretionary program devoting approximately 1000 HST orbits to the production of an ultraviolet spectroscopic library of young high- and low-mass stars in the local universe. The science products in this release are combined from individual, extracted and calibrated spectra obtained with the COS and STIS instruments aboard HST. Products are made using both archival HST data and new HST observations obtained through the ULLYSES program. DR1 acts as the first step toward completing a goal of generating a fully public data set for the purpose of enabling, supporting, and stimulating a broad range of transformative astrophysical research.

Keywords: Wolf-Rayet stars, B stars, O stars, Ultraviolet surveys
Photometry of 10 Million Stars from the First Two Years of TESS Full Frame Images: Part II. We present light curves from a magnitude limited set of stars and other stationary luminous objects from the TESS Full Frame Images, as reduced by the MIT Quick Look Pipeline (QLP). Our light curves cover the full two-year TESS Primary Mission and include ∼14,770,000 and ∼9,600,000 individual light curve segments in the Southern and Northern ecliptic hemispheres, respectively. We describe the detrending techniques we used to create the light curves, and compare the noise properties with theoretical expectations. All of the QLP light curves are available at MAST as a High Level Science Product (HLSP) via doi:10.17909/t9-r086-e880 (https://archive.stsci.edu/hlsp/qlp). This is the largest collection of TESS photometry available to the public to date.

Keywords: Space telescopes, Transit photometry, Astronomy data analysis
Testing Progenitor Models using the Late-time Light Curve of Supernova 1992A. The dominant radioactive energy source powering SN Ia light curves is expected to switch from the decay of 56Co to 57Co at very late epochs. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope images of SN1992A obtained more than 900 days after explosion to constrain its cobalt isotopic abundance ratio and compare it to the well-studied event SN2011fe. We confirm the 57Co/56Co ratio for SN2011fe of 0.026 ± 0.004 found by Shappee et al., consistent with a "double degenerate" progenitor scenario. For SN1992A, we find a ratio of 0.034 ± 0.010, but the large uncertainty does not allow us to differentiate between progenitor models.

Keywords: Explosive nucleosynthesis, Light curves, Type Ia supernovae, Supernovae
Optical Transients Detected by MASTER during LIGO/VIRGO O2 Set Event. We present MASTER observations from inspecting the large error-box associated with LIGO/Virgo G270590, and our observational strategy. MASTER observed 6292 square degrees inside the 3σ error box. We present new optical sources detected during this inspection.

Keywords: LIGO, Sky surveys, Transient detection, Automated telescopes
MASTER Follow-up Observations of LIGO GW170104 Event. We present the results of MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of the LIGO GW170104 error-box during the LIGO/Virgo O2 run. We observed 3421 square degrees inside 3σ error-field. Dozens of optical transients unrelated to gravitational waves were discovered as the result of MASTER observation strategy, that we presented, including short very bright MASTER optical transients J133017.28+780951.8.

Keywords: Sky surveys, Gravitational wave astronomy, Transient detection, Automatic patrol telescopes, LIGO
WR6: A Rejuvenated Runaway Star. WR6 is considered as a runaway star because of its large separation from the Galactic mid-plane. In this note, we use Gaia DR2 data on WR6 and the systemic velocity of the nebula around this star to derive the space velocity of WR6 of ${38.1}_{-6.5}^{+9.0}\,\,\mathrm{km}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$ , confirming that this star is indeed a runaway. Possible implications of this finding are discussed.

Keywords: Evolved stars, Massive stars, Circumstellar matter, Wolf-Rayet stars, Runaway stars
A New Grid of Model Atmospheres for Metal-poor Ultracool Brown Dwarfs. We present a new grid of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra down to extremely metal-poor ([M/H] ≥ -3.0), ultracool (Teff ≥ 900 K) brown dwarfs based on the PHOENIX code (Hauschildt et al. 1997). The grid is publicly available and continuously updated as new models are computed. The models are aimed at characterizing metal-poor halo brown dwarfs identified in surveys such as Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 (Kuchner et al. 2017; Schneider et al. 2020) and brown dwarfs in globular clusters (Dieball et al. 2019). Our setup includes the formation and depletion by gravitational settling of condensate clouds as defined for the BT-Settl grid of Allard et al. (2012), using the version 15.5 branch of PHOENIX, which was split off from the main branch (Barman et al. 2011; Husser et al. 2013). Our calculations employ the Allard &amp; Homeier cloud formation model (Helling et al. 2008; Allard et al. 2012).

Keywords: Stellar abundances, Brown dwarfs, Stellar atmospheres
Blind Prediction of the Returning Image of Supernova Refsdal from a New Lens Model of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J1149.5+2223. We present a preliminary gravitational lensing model for the galaxy-cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 constructed using a new, lensing-potential curving modeling method under development. Multiple images identified before 2015 are used to constrain the model, and we aim to provide a prediction of the relative time delay of the reappearance SN Refsdal before its final measurement is unblinded to us. The predicted time delay of S2-S4 and SX images of SN Refsdal relative to S1 are 9.13 ± 2.63 days, 5.58 ± 3.78 days, 18.98 ± 2.55 days and -332.35 ± 9.32 days, assuming H0 = 70 km s-1 Mpc-1. Our calculation of the uncertainties is currently under development, and those given above are expected to be underestimated, since they are derived from only a single, best-fitting model.

Keywords: Galaxy clusters, Strong gravitational lensing, Supernovae
Locating the Alfvénic Speed Transition in the Solar Corona. The region through which the solar wind (SW) radial outflow speed overtakes the MHD wave speed is of interest to studies of SW formation and evolution. Alfvén wave speed, which is the characteristic propagation speed of low-frequency MHD perturbations, is derived from the magnetic field intensity and plasma mass density. In the inner coronal regions, these parameters are often estimated using empirical models based on remote sensing observations. Parker Solar Probe (PSP) orbital encounter 4 provides, for the first time, in situ coronal plasma measurements to determine Alfvén speeds within 30 solar radii of the heliocenter. We combined the PSP SW speed measurements and calculated Alfvén speeds with inner corona wind speed results from remote sensing studies. The zone of super-Alfvénic speed cross-over is estimated to range 10-27 R⊙ for the near-equatorial corona. Future PSP data will constrain this estimate further.

Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics, Solar wind, Solar corona
A Word of Caution About Exoplanet Archival Data. In addition to original results from observations, exoplanet archives such as exoplanets.org and exoplanet.eu contain auxiliary products (unpublished semimajor axes and/or stellar parameters taken from supplementary studies) that are not sufficiently documented and/or not up-to-date, even for famous extrasolar systems. The NASA Exoplanet Archive does not publish auxiliary products, but a number of its entries are outdated; researchers should be encouraged to submit their results upon publication. In this note, we describe our recent experience with auxiliary products in three such systems, Kepler-223, Kepler-11, and GJ 876. We summarize the (in)compatible dynamical data that we obtained so that others may not have to go through the same trouble, even if this means relying on the original publications and private communications with the authors. At the same time, large statistical surveys utilizing only archival data are bound to be inaccurate to a certain extent.

Keywords: Exoplanet catalogs
The Open Cataclysmic Variable Catalog. The Open Cataclysmic Variable Catalog is a publicly available live catalog through a University of Washington website that contains over 12,000 candidate and known cataclysmic variables compiled from major ongoing sky surveys. Using software based on AstroCats, a daily updated catalog of the names, R.A., decl. and discovery date and other available information is constructed. The magnitude and type of cataclysmic variable is listed only if the original source contained this information. Comments can be added on entries to include any follow-up data obtained. The number of entries will continue to grow as future sky surveys are added to the catalog.

Keywords: Cataclysmic variable stars, Catalogs
Systematics-insensitive Periodogram for Finding Periods in TESS Observations of Long-period Rotators. NASA's TESS mission \citep{tess} has produced high precision photometry of millions of stars to the community. The majority of TESS observations have a duration of $\approx$27 days, corresponding to a single observation during a TESS sector. A small subset of TESS targets are observed for multiple sectors, with approximately 1-2\% of targets falling in the Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ) during the prime mission \citep{yield}, where targets are observed continuously for a year. These targets are highly valuable for extracting long period rotation rates, which can be linked to stellar ages. We present a pip installable Python tool for extracting long period rotation rates in the TESS CVZ, while simultaneously mitigating instrument systematics.

Keywords: Time series analysis, Stellar rotation, Astronomy data reduction
A Repository of Vanilla Long-term Integrations of the Solar System. We share the source code and a 121 GB data set of 96 long-term N-body simulations of the solar system. This data set can be analyzed by itself to study the dynamics of the solar system. In addition, our simulations can be the starting point for future studies wishing to explore different initial conditions or additional physical effects on the solar system. Our simulations can also be used as a comparison and benchmark for new numerical algorithms.

Keywords: Celestial mechanics, Solar system, N-body simulations
An Update on the Future Flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System Using Gaia EDR3: Slightly Closer and a Tad Later than Previous Estimates. Future stellar encounters with the Sun might disturb the outskirts of the solar system, for close-enough passages. Such encounters may send small bodies toward the inner regions of the solar system. In the near future and among known stars, none will pass closer to the Sun than Gliese 710. Here, we present an updated analysis of this topic using Gaia EDR3 data. Our new estimate confirms, within errors, those already published, but suggests a slightly closer in distance (at 0.051 ± 0.003 pc) and later in time (in 1.29 ± 0.04 Myr) flyby of Gliese 710 to the solar system.

Keywords: Stellar kinematics, Solar system, Solar neighborhood
Gaia Pulsars and Where to Find Them in EDR3. The Early Gaia Data Release 3 (EDR3) provides precise astrometry for nearly 1.5 billion sources across the entire sky. A few tens of these are associated with neutron stars in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds. Here, we report on a search for EDR3 counterparts to known rotation-powered pulsars using the method outlined in Antoniadis. A cross-correlation between EDR3 and the ATNF pulsar catalog identifies 41 close astrometric pairs (≲0"5 at the reference epoch of the pulsar position). Twenty six of these are related to previously known optical counterparts, while the rest are candidate pairs that require further follow-up. Highlights include the Crab Pulsar (PSR B0531+21), for which EDR3 yields a distance of ${2.08}_{-0.45}^{+0.78}$ kpc (or ${2.00}_{-0.38}^{+0.56}$ kpc taking into account the dispersion-measure prior; errors indicate 95% confidence limits) and PSR 1638-4608, a pulsar thus-far considered to be isolated that lies within 0"056 of a Gaia source.

Keywords: Sky surveys, Rotation powered pulsars, Millisecond pulsars, Optical pulsars, Binary pulsars, Radio pulsars
Distance and Tangential Velocity of the Main Ionizing Star in the North America/Pelican Nebulae with Gaia EDR3. The Bajamar Star is an early O star that ionizes the North America/Pelican Nebulae. In projection, it is near the geometric center of the H II region, but appears to lie outside any of the main stellar subgroups. Furthermore, in Gaia DR2, there were slight discrepancies between this star and the rest of the system in parallax (2σ larger) and relative tangential velocity (∼6 km s-1). Using Gaia EDR3, we find that the parallax discrepancy has disappeared, but the velocity difference remains. These results are consistent with the star having escaped from a subgroup.

Keywords: O stars, Stellar kinematics, Star forming regions, Astrometry, Stellar associations
MASTER Optical Observation of LIGO/VIRGO S200224ca Error-box. We present the results of MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of LIGO/Virgo S200224ca error-box (O3 set). We observed 380 square degrees inside the 3σ error box during 1 month. We present optical transients found by MASTER auto-detection system during this inspection. They are not the optical counterparts, but the result of MASTER observation strategy, that is is briefly discussed. Also we present short analysis of Swift-UVOT, -XRT transients in MASTER database since 2010.

Keywords: Sky surveys, Transient sources, Gravitational wave sources, Stellar mass black holes, Gravitational wave astronomy, X-ray transient sources, LIGO, Automated telescopes
Photometry of the 2015 Outburst of AG Pegasi. In 2015 June, the symbiotic binary star AG Pegasi underwent a period of outburst. SkyCam T, mounted onboard the 2 m Liverpool Telescope, collected over 650 unfiltered images of this event, and several thousand images from before and after. This note presents Sloan r' band light curves obtained from these images. In addition, a color-magnitude diagram (CMD) using AAVSO data is included to infer parameters of the system's white dwarf (WD). Features in the light curve allow one to classify this outburst as that of classical (or Z And) type. The CMD suggests the temperature and luminosity of the WD increase concurrently to produce the light curve maxima. Light curves either side of the event show wave-like oscillations owing to the orbital period of AG Pegasi's components, indicating quiescence.

Keywords: Symbiotic binary stars, Cataclysmic variable stars, Variable stars, Symbiotic novae
Quantifying the Effect of Coronagraphs on Planet Photometry with the James Webb Space Telescope. The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021 will revolutionize exoplanetary science by providing detailed characterizations of exoplanets within the infrared range of 3-13 microns. This is of particular interest to the field of direct imaging, where empirical models that remove excess starlight from imaged extrasolar systems have proven vital to the discovery of exoplanets. pyKLIP is one of the most modern python libraries with such capabilities, allowing its users to reveal exoplanets hidden behind the starlight. However, the pyKLIP algorithms are not presently able to handle coronagraph usage with the incoming JWST data. In preparation for the launch of this telescope, we upgraded pyKLIPs ability to correct for a coronagraph's effect on the throughput of off-axis sources when determining photometry. Given the coronagraph's transmission profile, pyKLIP v2.2 is now able to successfully account for each of NIRCam's five coronagraphs.

Keywords: Coronagraphic imaging, Direct imaging
TESS Visibility—When was My Favorite Star or Asteroid Observed by TESS?. While Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) covers a considerable area of the sky during routine observations and the pointing schedule is easy to follow, it is not obvious to retrieve the current and/or predicted visibility of a bulk amount of objects, considering both stationary and moving Solar System targets like asteroids or comets. The program tessvisibility is a small piece of highly portable code implemented in both C an UNIX shell, providing functionalities for such bulk retrievals at the accuracy of a TESS pixel. This accuracy includes the gaps between the focal plane CCDs, the gaps between the cameras as well as at the sector-level treatment to obtain visibility information.

Keywords: Astrometry, Astronomy software
Updated Proper Motions for Local Group Dwarf Galaxies Using Gaia Early Data Release 3. Updated systemic proper motion estimates for 58 Milky Way satellite galaxies, based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), are provided. This sample is identical to that studied by McConnachie &amp; Venn and the methodology is essentially unchanged from the original paper. The superiority of Gaia EDR3 compared to Gaia Data Release 2 means that Boötes 4, Cetus 3, Pegasus 3 and Virgo 1 have detectable systemic proper motions for the first time. For the entire galaxy sample, the median random uncertainties in the systemic proper motions are approximately a factor of two better than the previous estimates using Gaia DR2. Relevant systematic errors, which are also a factor of two smaller, dominate over random uncertainties for 25 out of the 58 objects in the sample.

Keywords: Local Group, Galaxy dynamics, Dwarf galaxies, Proper motions
MASTER Optical Observation of LIGO/VIRGO S200302c Event. The results of LIGO/Virgo S200302c (O3) error-box optical inspection by MASTER are presented. We observed 4242 square degrees square degrees inside 3σ error box during 1 month. We present MASTER OT J141401.39-483305.7, MASTER OT J215856.95-392909.6, MASTER OT J061642.05+435617.9, MASTER OT J052817.95+672801.4—optical transients found by the MASTER auto-detection system during this inspection as the result of a survey of large error-fields, indicating the efficiency of MASTER observational strategy.

Keywords: Sky surveys, Transient sources, Gravitational wave sources, Gravitational wave astronomy, Transient detection, Variable stars, Gravitational waves, LIGO, Automated telescopes
An Upper Limit on the Extended Helium Atmosphere of GJ 1214 b. The He I 10830 Å absorption line in transit spectra traces the upper atmospheres of exoplanets and their mass loss, which in turn is important in determining their evolution and demographics. We use archival VLT/X-Shooter data to set new, more sensitive limits on the extended helium atmosphere of GJ 1214 b, a sub-Neptune orbiting an M-dwarf. We determine limits for the excess absorption at 10830 Å of 0.38% ± 0.44%, which corresponds to an extended atmosphere scale height of 0.13 ± 0.14Rp (95% confidence limit of &lt;0.4Rp). This is an improvement on previous upper limits set by Crossfield et al. (2019) and shows that X-shooter is a suitable instrument for these types of observations. * Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO program 087.C-0442 (PI van Boekel).

Keywords: Very Large Telescope, Transits, Exoplanets, Exoplanet atmospheres, Astronomy data analysis, Transmission spectroscopy, Spectrophotometry