Sazuna/UAT_keywords huggingface dataset:
Expanded Capability of the Breakthrough Listen Parkes Data Recorder for Observations with the UWL Receiver. The ultra-wideband low (UWL) receiver is a new feed for the Parkes telescope, which covers the combined bandwidth of four previously installed receivers. In order to use the UWL for technosignature observations, several updates and upgrades were made on the Breakthrough Listen Parkes Data Recorder (BLPDR). This Research Note summarizes BLPDR hardware upgrades and new capacity for technosignature observations with the UWL receiver.

Keywords: Search for extraterrestrial intelligence, Technosignatures, Astronomical instrumentation
Characteristics of an Extreme Dusty Star-forming Galaxy at z = 4.5. We present new physical properties for an extreme (LIR &gt; 1013 L⊙), unlensed dusty star-forming galaxy at z = 4.531, G09-81106. We compile fluxes from the literature, and include new Hubble Space Telescope data to generate SED models under various assumptions. G09-81106 has a number of physical characteristics that far surpass the average data for DSFGs, including high dust temperature (∼70 K) and star formation rate ( &gt; 2 × 103 M⊙ yr-1). While barely within the average star-forming main sequence region, G09 is already an order of magnitude more massive and more star-forming than most star-forming galaxies at similar epochs. Visual inspection suggests these exceptional properties may be due to an ongoing merger, though future work with spatially resolved imaging and spectroscopic analysis will reveal its true nature.

Keywords: Galaxy evolution, Starburst galaxies, Ultraluminous infrared galaxies, High-redshift galaxies
Revised Best Estimates for the Age and Mass of the Methuselah Star HD 140283 Using MESA and Interferometry and Implications for 1D Convection. In light of recently revised observational measurements of the radius and spectroscopic parameters of the extremely old and metal-poor Gaia benchmark star HD 140283—also known as the Methuselah star due to prior suggestions that its age is in tension with the age of the universe—we present new, best estimates for the star's mass and age from stellar modeling. These are derived using 1D stellar evolutionary tracks computed with MESA and the most up-to-date measurements from CHARA interferometry. Excluding modeling variance from the uncertainties, we report a mass of 0.809 ± 0.001 M⊙ and an age of 12.01 ± 0.05 Gyr (1σ). When dominant sources of modeling uncertainty are taken into account, we report 0.81 ± 0.05 M⊙ and 12 ± 0.5 Gyr, respectively. These results are consistent with recent literature, and the best-fitting age is not in conflict with the currently accepted age of the universe (13.5 Gyr).

Keywords: Fundamental parameters of stars, Computational methods, Stellar convection envelopes, Stellar evolution
4C 18.47: A Recoiling AGN Candidate in the Radio and Infrared. Recoiling active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be formed after the merging of two galaxies and their central supermassive black holes. A novel method recently revealed a handful of recoiling AGN candidates. We report on the arcsec-scale radio structure of one of them, 4C 18.47, a prominent radio emitter. We also present its infrared light curve, indicating significant long-term variability.

Keywords: Radio active galactic nuclei, Supermassive black holes, Galaxy mergers, Infrared sources
Astro-animation and Informal STEM Learning. For several years we have been running an "astro-animation" class (AstroAnimation.org) at the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) in Baltimore where students work in tandem with research scientists from NASA Goddard and elsewhere to create animations. These combine results of cutting-edge research with an artist's eye to create novel presentations of scientific results. The animations have been used for scientific outreach and educational purposes, including presentations at museums, and art, STEAM, and science fiction festivals. Astronomy has broad public interest with a "wow" factor related to black holes, dark matter, life in the universe and more. Animation is an ideal medium since it combines creative approaches, is highly popular, and the films produced are readily available for distribution.

Keywords: Astronomy education, Interdisciplinary astronomy
Dust Formation in the Nova V1533 Scorpii. We present infrared spectroscopy from two epochs of V1533 Scorpii (=Nova Scorpii 2013); one from immediately before dust formation and a second, from one month later when dust formation was complete. The pre-dust spectrum shows strong lines of C I, features that weakened considerably but were still present after dust formation. Also present in the post-formation spectrum was O I emission from the neutral region, indicating that dust formation did not full deplete either carbon or oxygen. While thermal emission from the dust, of a temperature very close to 870 K, dominated the later spectrum, the extinction did not change measurably between epochs, indicating that little or no dust blocked the line-of-sight. Although carbon monoxide was not detected in the first epoch spectrum, weak emission from molecular hydrogen may have been present.

Keywords: Fast novae, Novae
The Spectral Reclassification of Nearby (z &lt; 0.02) Type IIn Supernovae. Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) are an enigmatic subclass of SNe that show heterogeneity in their photometric and spectroscopic properties. Complex, multi-component Balmer line profiles are a defining property of SNe IIn. Perhaps owing to the heterogeneity in the SN IIn class, online databases often conflict and hold outdated or erroneous classifications. This is compounded by SN "impostors" and H II region contamination. We outline a classification scheme based on multi-component Hα profiles and apply it to a sample of 115 nearby (redshift z &lt; 0.02) SNe that have held a SN IIn classification on the Open Supernova Catalogue (OSC). We find that 25 of our transients were misclassified as SNe IIn. We also note that there is disagreement between OSC and the Transient Name Server for 51 of the transients.

Keywords: Type II supernovae, Supernovae, Core-collapse supernovae, Spectroscopy
Improved Constraints for the XUV Luminosity Evolution of Trappist-1. We re-examine the XUV luminosity evolution of TRAPPIST-1 utilizing new observational constraints (XUV and bolometric luminosity) from multi-epoch X-ray/UV photometry. Following the formalism presented in Fleming et al., we infer that TRAPPIST-1 maintained a saturated XUV luminosity, relative to the bolometric luminosity, of log10(LXUV/Lbol) $=-{3.03}_{-0.23}^{+0.25}$ at early times for a period of tsat $={3.14}_{-1.46}^{+2.22}$ Gyr. After the saturation phase, we find LXUV decayed over time by an exponential rate of βXUV $=-{1.17}_{-0.28}^{+0.27}$ . Compared to our inferred age of the system, $\mathrm{age}={7.96}_{-1.87}^{+1.78}$ Gyr, our result for tsat suggests that there is only a ∼4% chance that TRAPPIST-1 still remains in the saturated phase today, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate of 40%. Despite this reduction in tsat, our results remain consistent in the conclusion that the TRAPPIST-1 planets likely received an extreme amount XUV energy—an estimated integrated XUV energy of ∼1030-1032 erg over the star's lifetime.

Keywords: Low mass stars, Planet hosting stars, Stellar evolution
Coaque: An Astronomical Icon in the Middle of the World. This study aims to contribute to the astronomical studies for the creation of the astronomical and archaeological museum in Ecuador. Coaque, a fishermen village in the north coastal of Ecuador, is an iconic place where astronomy and archeology converge and portrays the geodesic and astronomical history of Ecuador. The 16th Century ethnohistorical data is rich on descriptions about abundance of wealth and land fertility within equinoctial zones. This awoke the curiosity of Europeans on the geodesic position. Two centuries later, La Condamine and Bouguer of the French-Hispanic Geodesic Mission, first measured the zero-degrees latitude at Punta Palmar, just south of Coaque. We present the detectability of the Crab Nebula, a high energy TeV source revealing the potential for astroparticles field of study. Also, we clarified the wrong idea of the equilibrium of an egg at zero latitude, a popular misinterpreted physical phenomenon. * AAS 237 HDV on 2021 January, 5th.

Keywords: History of astronomy, Geodesics, Particle astrophysics
XMM-Newton X-Ray Observations of the Unusual Wolf-Rayet Star WR 66. We summarize results of an XMM-Newton X-ray observation of the WN8h-type Wolf-Rayet star WR 66 which shows unusual 3.5-4.1 hr optical variations. One possible explanation is a compact companion (cc) which, if present, could give rise to luminous X-ray emission. WR 66 was marginally detected and its inferred X-ray luminosity (Lx) is orders of magnitude below that expected from wind accretion onto a neutron star, but is comparable to that of the WN8h stars WR 16 and WR 124. If luminous X-ray emission from an accreting WR+cc system is present then it is absorbed and escapes detection. Other explanations of the faintly detected X-ray emission of WN8h stars are not ruled out.

Keywords: Wolf-Rayet stars
Approximations of the Spin of Close Black Hole-Wolf-Rayet Binaries. Population synthesis studies of binary black hole mergers often lack robust black hole spin estimates as they cannot accurately follow tidal spin-up during the late black hole-Wolf-Rayet evolutionary phase. We provide an analytical approximation of the dimensionless second-born black hole spin given the binary orbital period and Wolf-Rayet stellar mass at helium depletion or carbon depletion. These approximations are obtained from fitting a sample of around 105 detailed MESA simulations that follow the evolution and spin up of close black hole-Wolf-Rayet systems with metallicities in the range $[{10}^{-4},1.5\ {Z}_{\odot }]$ . Following the potential spin up of the Wolf-Rayet progenitor, the second-born black hole spin is calculated using up-to-date core collapse prescriptions that account for any potential disk formation in the collapsing Wolf-Rayet star. The fits for second-born black hole spin provided in this work can be readily applied to any astrophysical modeling that relies on rapid population synthesis, and will be useful for the interpretation of gravitational-wave sources using such models.

Keywords: Gravitational waves, Black holes
A Compilation of Pulse Widths and Their Associated Observing Parameters for All Known Nulling Pulsars. Nulling pulsars are pulsars whose observed flux occasionally disappears, but the mechanism behind the cessation is not well understood. Motivated by the correlation between pulse width and nulling fraction found in Sheikh &amp; MacDonald, we compile all 378 nulling pulsars to date with their pulse widths in a machine-readable table. We also include the observing frequency and time resolution of each pulse width measurement. Such a table will be useful for future studies of this population.

Keywords: Radio source catalogs, Pulsars
One Is the Loneliest Number: Multiplicity in Cool Dwarfs. Stars in multiple systems offer a unique opportunity to learn about stellar formation and evolution. As they settle down into stable configurations, multiple systems occur in a variety of hierarchies and a wide range of separations between the components. We examine 11 known and 11 newly discovered multiple systems including at least one M dwarf with the latest astrometric data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3). We find that the individual components of systems at very wide separations are often multiple systems themselves.

Keywords: Binary stars, Late-type stars, Close binary stars, Wide binary stars, Visual binary stars
Photometry of Optical Outbursts in the Be/X-Ray Binary Swift J010745.0-722740. We present V and I photometry for the Be/X-ray binary Swift J010745.0-722740 taken in 1997-2020. The data show recurring outbursts, with an amplitude up to 0.4 mag and an improved orbital period of 1180.0 ± 0.3 days. The light curve during outburst has a double-peaked profile, with a rapid rise and gradual decline. The effective temperature of the outburst region is ∼6200 K, much cooler than that of an underlying Be star.

Keywords: Be stars, High mass x-ray binary stars
Time-resolved Low-resolution Spectra of BLAP-009 and BLAP-014. We present time resolved low resolution spectra of BLAP-009 and BLAP-014 collected with SPRAT on the Liverpool Telescope. The spectra were median-stacked in four ranges of phase. It was intended to note the variation in the shape of the helium absorption lines as a function of phase, but they do not appear to vary with time in low resolution spectra. The lack of clear offsets in the absorption lines suggest that there can only be small radial velocity due to either unseen companion or rapid expansion/contraction of the envelope.

Keywords: Blue large-amplitude pulsators, Spectroscopy, Pulsating variable stars
Kepler K2 Measurement of the Rotational Period of the Intermediate Polar 1RXS J180431.1-273932. 1RXS J180431.1-273932 is an intermediate polar: a cataclysmic variable star with a rapidly rotating, magnetized white dwarf. We analyze the system's Kepler K2 short-cadence light curve and identify a strong, highly coherent pulse with a period of 0.0057171 ± 0.0000002 days, which matches the proposed white dwarf rotational period identified in previous X-ray studies. We establish an ephemeris for the optical spin pulse.

Keywords: DQ Herculis stars, White dwarf stars, Cataclysmic variable stars
Observation of Cassini's Entry into Saturn: No Detection, and Lessons Learned. The mission of the 2000 kg Cassini spacecraft concluded on 2017 September 15, by its deliberate entry into Saturn's atmosphere at some 31.1 km s-1. Observations, using Hubble and groundbased observatories, to attempt optical detection of this 0.25 kT "artificial meteor" are summarized. No signatures were identified. A challenge with observing the event is that due to atmospheric drag, its timing was not completely deterministic months or even days in advance, a particular problem for space observatories. While imaging observations needed no geometric specification more than "Saturn," observations with spectrometers required pointing the instrument aperture or slit at the specific impact site. Since giant planet longitude systems are not always familiar, distribution of an unambiguous "finder chart" showing the location of the predicted entry site on the disk is essential, as is clarity on whether stated times are spacecraft event time, or Earth received time (light-travel time, 83 minutes, later).

Keywords: Meteors, Space vehicles, Meteoroids
Are the Magnetic Fields Radial in the Solar Polar Region?. We investigate the orientation of the photospheric magnetic fields in the solar polar region using observations from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). Inside small patches of significant polarization, the inferred magnetic field vectors at 1″ scale appear to systematically deviate from the radial direction. Most tilt toward the pole; all are more inclined toward the plane of sky compared to the radial vector. These results, however, depend on the "filling factor" f that characterizes the unresolved magnetic structures. The default, uninformative f ≡ 1 for HMI will incur larger inclination and less radial fields than f &lt; 1. The observed trend may be a systematic bias inherent to the limited resolution.

Keywords: Solar photosphere, Solar magnetic fields
How Cost Impacts Equitable Participation in Astronomy Outreach Events. The International Astronomical Youth Camp (IAYC) is an astronomy education outreach event with more than 50 yr of history and over 1700 unique participants from 81 nationalities. The International Workshop for Astronomy e.V. is the non-profit organization behind the IAYC, established in 1979 and based in Germany. The IAYC's unprecedented longevity in a rapidly globalizing world has meant that financial inequities decreases the reach of the camp to people from the Global South compared to Global North countries. Though nationalities represented per camp has increased steadily since its inception, the share of participants from eastern Europe and Africa has dropped, while those from western Europe and North America have increased. This note examines how camp cost, location, and leadership affects nationality diversity among participants, and how astronomy outreach events must reckon with funding for less privileged participants with limited access to resources.

Keywords: Astronomy education
Probing M87 Globular Clusters for Flaring Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources. We present X-ray analysis of three short Chandra observations of M87. The basis of this analysis is the search for possible new ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in M87's globular clusters (GCs) and attempt to quantify possible variability within the observations. We searched Chandra ObsIDs 1808 (2000 July 30, 14 ks) Wilson &amp; Yang, 3975 (2002 November 17, 5 ks) and 3977 (2003 February 4, 5 ks) Harris et al. and identified one previously discovered GC ULX, and two new GC ULX candidates. Analysis of the light-curves revealed no new evidence of variability in these sources for the duration of the observations.

Keywords: Globular star clusters, Ultraluminous x-ray sources
Simulating Calibration and Beam Systematics for a Future CMB Space Mission with the TOAST Package. We address in this work the instrumental systematic errors that can potentially affect the forthcoming and future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments aimed at observing its polarized emission. In particular, we focus on the systematics induced by the beam and calibration, which are considered the major sources of leakage from total intensity measurements to polarization. We simulated synthetic data sets with Time-Ordered Astrophysics Scalable Tools, a publicly available simulation and data analysis package. We also propose a mitigation technique aiming at reducing the leakage by means of a template fitting approach. This technique has shown promising results reducing the leakage by 2 orders of magnitude at the power spectrum level when applied to a realistic simulated data set of the LiteBIRD satellite mission.

Keywords: Cosmology, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Observational cosmology, Calibration, Cosmic background radiation
The Effect of Dense Cluster Environments on Galactic Properties. Galaxy clusters are extremely over dense regions of the universe and are therefore ideal for testing how galaxy properties vary with environment. We analyze a sample of &gt;3000 galaxy spectra from 100 galaxy cluster fields, and examine trends in redshift, Dn4000, and a formulated in-fall proxy for member and non-member galaxies. The 4000 Å break (Dn4000) reveals information about the age of each galaxy, and the product of the normalized peculiar velocity and the normalized projected radius of each cluster galaxy serves as a proxy for in-fall time, or how recently each galaxy became gravitationally bound to its cluster. We see a relationship between Dn4000 and the in-fall proxy, with more recently in-fallen galaxies being systematically younger; we interpret this trend as the effect of environmental quenching of cluster galaxies. Furthermore, we see a trend in which all cluster galaxies become older with decreasing redshift, independent of in-fall proxy.

Keywords: Galaxy clusters, Galaxy quenching, Galaxy evolution, High-redshift galaxy clusters
The Dwarf Nova V893 Sco Does Not Have a Giant Planet. V893 Sco is an ordinary dwarf nova, with a narrow eclipse that allows for exact timings of minima. These eclipse times have been used to seek variations (compared to a linear ephemeris) by placement onto a traditional O - C diagram. Bruch collected 114 eclipse times from 1999 to 2013, and noted that the residuals in his O - C diagram had an apparent sinusoidal variation with a period of 10.2 yr. After rejecting a variety of possibilities, Bruch settled on the explanation that the binary was orbited by a planet with the mass of 9.5 Jupiters. We have tested this planet proposal by extending the O - C curve to 2014 and 2020-2021. For this, we measured 987 eclipse times in 2014 with the K2 mission, plus we measured 305 eclipse times in 2020 and 2021 with a remotely controlled observatory in the Atacama. We find that the O - C curve suffers a sharp break (from Bruch's sinewave) to a shorter period after 2013. Thus, the planet-hypothesis has failed.

Keywords: Cataclysmic variable stars
The Distribution of Ground-based Reflecting Telescopes with Respect to Altitude. The altitude distribution of ground-based reflecting telescopes with primary mirrors of diameter 1.0 m or more is presented graphically and compared with hypsographic data for the Earth's land surface. It is verified that large optical reflectors are more weighted to higher elevations than the land surface. Approximately 60% of the combined collecting area of the telescopes is situated between elevations of 2000 and 3500 m.

Keywords: Ground telescopes, Reflecting telescopes
The Dynamics of the Transition from Kardashev Type II to Type III Galaxies Favor Technosignature Searches in the Central Regions of Galaxies. We present a video of a simulation showing the expansion front of a technological species settling a Milky Way-like galaxy, created using the model described in Carroll-Nellenback et al. It illustrates how even very conservative rates of settlement ship launches and ship ranges can quickly lead to a galaxy endemic with technology, and how the rotational and peculiar motions of stars contributes to the expansion. This video confirms and validates previous work showing that the centers of galaxies are promising search directions for SETI.

Keywords: Galactic center, Technosignatures, Galaxy dynamics, Galactic bulge, Halo stars, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Discovery of Stellar Streams around NGC 3614. In the course of surveying spiral galaxies in the Local Volume, long exposures of NGC 3416 show two probable stellar streams with the possible remnant of a satellite galaxy. I captured the discovery image using the Schulman Telescope at Steward Observatory's Mount Lemmon Sky Center (University of Arizona). I acquired the wide bandpass data over three nights under photometric conditions in 2015 February. Prominent theories of galaxy formation hold that the creation of present-day galaxies are the aggregation of many past minor mergers. Stellar streams lend credence to the idea by presenting evidence of extended low surface brightness tidally created signatures. NGC 3614 appears to be a good example the for kind of extended features expected by these theories.

Keywords: Hierarchical cosmology, Stellar streams, Spiral galaxies
Year 1 of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST): Recommendations for Template Production to Enable Solar System Small Body Transient and Time Domain Science. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will discover ∼6 million solar system planetesimals, providing in total over a billion photometric and astrometric measurements in 6 broad-band filters. Rubin Observatory's automated data reduction pipelines will employ difference imaging; templates representing the static sky will be subtracted from the nightly LSST observations in order to identify transient sources, including solar system moving objects. These templates are expected to be generated by coadding high quality images of the same pointing from the previous year's survey observations. The first year of LSST operations will require a different method for generating templates, if solar system discoveries are to be reported daily like Year 2 and beyond. We make recommendations for template production in the LSST's first year and present the opportunities for solar system small body transient and time domain science enhanced by this change.

Keywords: Near-Earth objects, Small Solar System bodies, Centaur group, Main belt asteroids, Comets