Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
Influence. In November 1915, William Joseph Simmons revived the Klan in Atlanta, Georgia, holding a cross burning at Stone Mountain. The historian John Hope Franklin observed that, had it not been for &quot;The Birth of a Nation&quot;, the Klan might not have been reborn. Critical response. Certainly &quot;The Birth of a Nation&quot; (1915) presents a challenge for modern audiences.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Stone Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.805944444444
lon: -84.145422222222
In 1947, two women escaped as well, after being trapped and raped for several days; Zingerle was imprisoned for a year for these crimes. Three years later, he raped and murdered an English tourist in Iss, on the eastern slope of the Patscherkofel in Austria. Arrest and detention.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Patscherkofel
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Austria
coordinates: lat: 47.208611
lon: 11.460556
City Bowl. The City Bowl is a part of Cape Town in South Africa. It is a natural amphitheatre-shaped area bordered by Table Bay and defined by the mountains of Signal Hill, Lion's Head, Table Mountain and Devil's Peak.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Table Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: South Africa
coordinates: lat: -33.96216
lon: 18.41352
Dürrenhorn. The Dürrenhorn (4,035 m) (also &quot;Dirruhorn&quot;) is a summit in the Pennine Alps in Switzerland. It lies towards the northern end of the Nadelgrat, a high-level ridge running roughly north–south above the resort of Saas-Fee to the east, and the Mattertal to the west. It is part of the Mischabel range, which culminates at the Dom (4,546 m).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: dürrenhorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.119722222222
lon: 7.8480555555556
It lies towards the northern end of the Nadelgrat, a high-level ridge running roughly north–south above the resort of Saas-Fee to the east, and the Mattertal to the west. It is part of the Mischabel range, which culminates at the Dom (4,546 m). North of the Dürrenhorn, there is located the sub-peak &quot;Klein Dürrenhorn&quot; (3889 m).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: dürrenhorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.119722222222
lon: 7.8480555555556
surface_form: dürrenhorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.119722222222
lon: 7.8480555555556
Dürrenhorn. The Dürrenhorn (4,035 m) (also &quot;Dirruhorn&quot;) is a summit in the Pennine Alps in Switzerland. It lies towards the northern end of the Nadelgrat, a high-level ridge running roughly north–south above the resort of Saas-Fee to the east, and the Mattertal to the west. It is part of the Mischabel range, which culminates at the Dom (4,546 m).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mattertal
instance_of: Valley
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.083333333333
lon: 7.8
Cerro Santa Ana Natural Monument. The Cerro Santa Ana Natural Monument () Is a protected area with a natural monument status located in the center of the Paraguaná peninsula north of the Falcón state in the jurisdiction of the municipalities Falcón and Carirubana, between the populations of Santa Ana and Buena Vista, in the South American country of Venezuela.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: cerro santa ana natural monument
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Venezuela
coordinates: lat: 11.82111111
lon: -69.95
Seeli (Seelisberg). __NOTOC__
Seeli (literally &quot;small lake&quot;) or Seelisbergsee is the lake on Seelisberg in Uri, Switzerland, that gives the place its name. Its surface area is.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: seeli
instance_of: Lake
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.9586
lon: 8.57194
Seeli (Seelisberg). __NOTOC__
Seeli (literally &quot;small lake&quot;) or Seelisbergsee is the lake on Seelisberg in Uri, Switzerland, that gives the place its name. Its surface area is.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: seeli
instance_of: Lake
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.9586
lon: 8.57194
surface_form: seelisbergsee
instance_of: Lake
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.9586
lon: 8.57194
Svyatoy Nos Peninsula, Buryatia. Svyatoy Nos ('Holy Cape') is a large peninsula on the eastern edge of Lake Baikal, Eastern Siberia, in the Barguzinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia. It is part of the Zabaykalsky (Trans-Baikal) National Park. The name &quot;Svyatoy Nos&quot; (&quot;Святой Нос&quot;) means 'Holy Cape' in Russian.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Baikal
instance_of: Lake
countries: Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 53.30277778
lon: 108.00472222
Later life. Nayar stayed away from mainstream politics after the split in Communist party. He settled down near the lake of Sasthamcotta. He started the Weekly &quot;Keralasabdam&quot; a publication known for political writings. He later attempted to translate &quot;The Travancore State Manuel&quot; into Malayalam which was lost by the department of culture.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake of Sasthamcotta
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 9.03
lon: 76.63
About 360 AD Rufus Festus Avienus in &quot;Ora Maritima&quot; mentions a number of peoples living on the upper Rhône in Valais. Among them were the Tylangii, who have been tentatively identified as the descendants of Caesar's Tulingi. They were not located across the Rhine, but to the south of Lake Geneva. Moreover, Avienus considers them Ligurians.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Geneva
instance_of: Lake
countries: Switzerland
France
coordinates: lat: 46.45
lon: 6.55
Nakhla (Saudi Arabia). &quot;Wādī Nakhlah&quot; () is an area in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia between the cities of Mecca and Ta'if, which serves as a &quot;Miqat&quot; (Boundary) for the Islamic &quot;Ḥaram&quot; of Mecca. History. During the era of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, a successful military operation was carried out here, known as the &quot;Nakhla Raid&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nakhla (saudi arabia)
instance_of: Valley
countries: Saudi Arabia
coordinates: lat: 22.497722222222222
lon: 39.89747222222222
History. During the era of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, a successful military operation was carried out here, known as the &quot;Nakhla Raid&quot;. The Nakhla Raid was the seventh caravan raid, and the first successful raid against the Meccans. It took place in Rajab 2 A.H. (January 624 C.E.).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nakhla
instance_of: Valley
countries: Saudi Arabia
coordinates: lat: 22.497722222222222
lon: 39.89747222222222
surface_form: nakhla
instance_of: Valley
countries: Saudi Arabia
coordinates: lat: 22.497722222222222
lon: 39.89747222222222
Geography. The mountain is located at the boundary between the three regions of Liguria, Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna. With an altitude of, it is part of the Monte Antola Group. Nearby are the Val Borbera, Val Trebbia, Val Boreca and Valle Terenzone valleys. Its summit is a tripoint at which the borders of the regions of Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria meet. Hiking.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Antola
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 44.574444444444
lon: 9.1497222222222
Geography. The mountain is located at the boundary between the three regions of Liguria, Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna. With an altitude of, it is part of the Monte Antola Group. Nearby are the Val Borbera, Val Trebbia, Val Boreca and Valle Terenzone valleys. Its summit is a tripoint at which the borders of the regions of Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria meet. Hiking.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Val Borbera
instance_of: Valley
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 44.710902
lon: 8.887969
Monte Carmo. Monte Carmo is a mountain in the Ligurian Apennine, northern Italy. Geography. The mountain is located at the boundary between the three regions of Liguria, Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna. With an altitude of, it is part of the Monte Antola Group. Nearby are the Val Borbera, Val Trebbia, Val Boreca and Valle Terenzone valleys.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: monte carmo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 44.6157487
lon: 9.1999019
With an altitude of, it is part of the Monte Antola Group. Nearby are the Val Borbera, Val Trebbia, Val Boreca and Valle Terenzone valleys. Its summit is a tripoint at which the borders of the regions of Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna and Liguria meet. Hiking. Monte Carmo was crossed by the so-called &quot;Lombard Salt Road&quot;, which from Pavia led to Torriglia and then to Genoa.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: monte carmo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 44.6157487
lon: 9.1999019
Lines. Nishi-Kiga Station is served by the Tenryū Hamanako Line, and is located 49.4 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Kakegawa Station. Station layout. The station has a single side platform and no station building. A small rain shelter for passengers is located directly on the platform, and faces towards nearby Lake Hamana. The station is unattended. Station history.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Hamana
instance_of: Lake
countries: Japan
coordinates: lat: 34.741111111111
lon: 137.56972222222
Pyhäjärvi (Karelia). Pyhäjärvi () is a lake located mostly in Finland. The southeastern part of the lake is located in Russia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: pyhäjärvi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Russia
Finland
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 61.883333333333
lon: 30.05
Kamenianoi. Kamenianoi () is a mountain village and a community in the municipal unit of Aroania, Achaea, Greece. The community includes the village Drovolovo. It is situated in the eastern foothills of Mount Erymanthos. Kamenianoi is 2 km west of Desino, 4 km southeast of Lechouri and 17 km southwest of Kalavryta. History.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Erymanthos
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Greece
coordinates: lat: 37.852777777778
lon: 21.8225
Pointe d'Ar Pitetta. The Pointe d'Ar Pitetta (also spelled &quot;Pointe d'Arpitetta&quot;) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, located south of Zinal in the canton of Valais. It lies west of the Weisshorn.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Weisshorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.101666666667
lon: 7.7161111111111
surface_form: weisshorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.789583333333
lon: 9.6382222222222
Pointe d'Ar Pitetta. The Pointe d'Ar Pitetta (also spelled &quot;Pointe d'Arpitetta&quot;) is a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps, located south of Zinal in the canton of Valais. It lies west of the Weisshorn.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: pointe d'ar pitetta
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.110777777778
lon: 7.6665555555556
Name. The name of L'Hospitalet (literally, 'the small hospital' in Catalan) makes reference to a hostel. The name of the river Llobregat is added to differentiate it from other towns with the same name. History. The first records of the settlement date to the Neolithic era with artefacts showing human habitation in the Llobregat river area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Llobregat
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 42.282412
lon: 2.012826
History. The first records of the settlement date to the Neolithic era with artefacts showing human habitation in the Llobregat river area. Roman artefacts have been found dating to the 2nd century BC such as a funeral decoration representing the head of Medusa, now in the Archaeological Museum of Catalonia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Llobregat
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 42.282412
lon: 2.012826
Oak Creek Canyon is a river gorge located in northern Arizona between the cities of Flagstaff and Sedona. The canyon is often described as a smaller cousin of the Grand Canyon because of its scenic beauty. State Route 89A enters the canyon on its north end via a series of hairpin turns before traversing the bottom of the canyon for about until the highway enters the town of Sedona. Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: grand canyon
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 38.65888889
lon: -91.10388889
The spectacularly eroded walls of the canyon are formed mostly of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Exposures of the Kaibab Limestone, (the geologic formation found at the top of the Grand Canyon), and the Toroweap Formation are found only at the northern end of the canyon.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: grand canyon
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 38.65888889
lon: -91.10388889
The more predominant rock units exposed in the cliffs of southern Oak Creek Canyon are the buff to white colored, frequently cross-bedded Permian Coconino Sandstone and the red sandstones of the Permian Schnebly Hill Formation. Unlike all the other formations exposed in Oak Creek Canyon, the Schnebly Hill Formation is not present at the Grand Canyon.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: grand canyon
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 38.65888889
lon: -91.10388889
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
Oak Creek Canyon. Oak Creek Canyon is a river gorge located in northern Arizona between the cities of Flagstaff and Sedona. The canyon is often described as a smaller cousin of the Grand Canyon because of its scenic beauty.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
The canyon is often described as a smaller cousin of the Grand Canyon because of its scenic beauty. State Route 89A enters the canyon on its north end via a series of hairpin turns before traversing the bottom of the canyon for about until the highway enters the town of Sedona. Geography. Oak Creek Canyon is about long, ranging in width from. The depth of the canyon ranges from.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
Oak Creek. Oak Creek, a tributary of the Verde River, flows along the bottom of the canyon, and is one of the few perennial streams in the high desert region of northern Arizona. Oak Creek is largely responsible for carving the modern Oak Creek Canyon, although movement along the Oak Creek Fault, a long north–south normal fault line, is thought to have played a role as well.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
Geology. Geologic evidence suggests the formation of an ancestral Oak Creek Canyon along the Oak Creek Fault about eight to ten million years ago. The ancestral Oak Creek Canyon was then filled in by gravel deposits and a series of lava flows between 6–8 million years ago during the Miocene Epoch.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
The ancestral Oak Creek Canyon was then filled in by gravel deposits and a series of lava flows between 6–8 million years ago during the Miocene Epoch. About this time, the Oak Creek Fault became active again and the modern Oak Creek Canyon began to develop along the fault zone as a result of the erosional action of Oak Creek.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
The more predominant rock units exposed in the cliffs of southern Oak Creek Canyon are the buff to white colored, frequently cross-bedded Permian Coconino Sandstone and the red sandstones of the Permian Schnebly Hill Formation. Unlike all the other formations exposed in Oak Creek Canyon, the Schnebly Hill Formation is not present at the Grand Canyon.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
The United States Forest Service operates several campgrounds, picnic areas, and recreation areas within the canyon. Slide Rock State Park, home to a natural water slide along Oak Creek, is also located within Oak Creek Canyon. Other recreational activities include swimming and fishing in Oak Creek.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: oak creek canyon
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.9125
lon: -111.727
They are used for situations including wildfires, flash flooding, severe weather, and other emergencies. The siren system is tested yearly, in the summer months. Education. The Oak Creek Canyon census-designated place is within the Flagstaff Unified School District. The zoned secondary schools are Mount Elden Middle School and Flagstaff High School.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount elden
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 35.241111111111
lon: -111.59666666667
Recreation. Oak Creek Canyon is located within the Coconino National Forest. Portions of the canyon have been designated federal wilderness areas as part of the Red Rock-Secret Mountain Wilderness. The United States Forest Service operates several campgrounds, picnic areas, and recreation areas within the canyon.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: secret mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.967222222222
lon: -111.89027777778
He retired from military service in 1913, and in 1916–1918 headed the Institute for Military Geography. In 1918 he received an honorary doctorate from the TU Wien. Later, from 1920 to 1924, he worked in Brazil, popularizing photogrammetry there and helping establish the Brazilian Cartographic Institute. Baron von Hübl died in 1932 in Vienna. The Hübl Peak in Antarctica is named after him.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Hübl Peak
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -64.7167
lon: -62.4833
Santa Maria de Gerri. Santa Maria de Gerri is a monastery in Gerri de la Sal, in the comarca of Pallars Sobirà, Catalonia, Spain, situated on the shores of the Noguera Pallaresa river. History. The monastery was founded in 807, and its community adhered to the Benedictine rule in 839.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Noguera Pallaresa
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 41.9064
lon: 0.8901
Simmons Lake (Washington). Simmons Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake has a surface area of and reaches a depth of. Simmons Lake was named after Michael T. Simmons, a pioneer citizen. A variant name was &quot;Ken Lake&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: simmons lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.0326305
lon: -122.9506702
Simmons Lake (Washington). Simmons Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake has a surface area of and reaches a depth of. Simmons Lake was named after Michael T. Simmons, a pioneer citizen. A variant name was &quot;Ken Lake&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ken lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.0326305
lon: -122.9506702
Simmons Lake (Washington). Simmons Lake is a lake in the U.S. state of Washington. The lake has a surface area of and reaches a depth of. Simmons Lake was named after Michael T. Simmons, a pioneer citizen. A variant name was &quot;Ken Lake&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: simmons lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.0326305
lon: -122.9506702
__TOC__
Geography. Deggenhausertal is located in two hilly valleys between the mountains of Gehrenberg and Höchsten. It is bordered to the west by Heiligenberg and Salem, to the south by Bermatingen, Markdorf and Oberteuringen, to the east by the District of Ravensburg and its communes of Horgenzell and Wilhelmsdorf, and to the northwest by the commune of Illmensee in the District of Sigmaringen.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Gehrenberg
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 47.741666666667
lon: 9.4240277777778
surface_form: Höchsten
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 47.819
lon: 9.4023666666667
Home (shipwreck). &quot;Home&quot; was a two-masted schooner which sank in Lake Michigan off Centerville in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States, in 1858. In 2010 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. History. &quot;Home&quot; was built in 1843 by Redfield on the Black River in Ohio. The property of W. D.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Michigan
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.007874
lon: -86.756451
In 2010 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places. History. &quot;Home&quot; was built in 1843 by Redfield on the Black River in Ohio. The property of W. D. Winslow, Robert White, and Thomas Jones, of Chicago, Illinois, she was constructed to carry grain, lumber, and general merchandise between Lake Erie and the upper Great Lakes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
&quot;Home&quot; departed Manitowoc, Wisconsin, on October 16, 1858, bound for Chicago with a cargo of merchandise, wood, and cedar posts, and sank in Lake Michigan southeast of Manitowoc after a collision in dense fog and early-morning darkness with the schooner &quot;William Fiske&quot; at 4:00 a.m. on October 17, 1858. The collision stove in &quot;Home&quot;′s hull and toppled her masts.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Michigan
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.007874
lon: -86.756451
Cotton's flight was sponsored by MoonDAO, a decentralized autonomous organization. The passengers also included American British explorer Vanessa O'Brien, who became the first woman to complete the Explorers' Extreme Trifecta, which involves travelling to the bottom of the Challenger Deep, the summit of Mount Everest, and flying into outer space.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Everest
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Nepal
People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 27.988055555555555
lon: 86.925
Loch Tay railway station. Loch Tay was a railway station located at the head of Loch Tay, Stirling. History. Opened as Loch Tay Killin Pier on 1 April 1886, the station comprised a single platform on the east side of the line. A loop was provided for running round, and the line continued north to an engine shed. Two sidings for the pier curved away to the east.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loch Tay
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 56.515555555556
lon: -4.1461111111111
Opened as Loch Tay Killin Pier on 1 April 1886, the station comprised a single platform on the east side of the line. A loop was provided for running round, and the line continued north to an engine shed. Two sidings for the pier curved away to the east. It connected with shipping services on Loch Tay provided by the Loch Tay Steamboat Company. Its name was changed to Loch Tay on 1 October 1895.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loch Tay
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 56.515555555556
lon: -4.1461111111111
Its name was changed to Loch Tay on 1 October 1895. The station closed to passengers on 9 September 1939, however as the engine shed for the line was located here, the line remained in use. This line was scheduled for closure on 1 November 1965, however the landslide in Glen Ogle resulted in premature closure on 27 September 1965.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Glen Ogle
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 56.408333333333
lon: -4.3125
The &quot;Dessaret chain&quot; is a poorly developed rift valley. Worldwide, rift valley lakes with similarly ancient origins include Lake Baikal, Lake Titicaca, Lake Tanganyika and the Dead Sea. Most lakes have much shorter life spans as they rapidly fill with sediments.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Baikal
instance_of: Lake
countries: Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 53.30277778
lon: 108.00472222
surface_form: Lake Titicaca
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
Bolivia
coordinates: lat: -15.825
lon: -69.325
surface_form: Lake Tanganyika
instance_of: Lake
countries: Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Burundi
Zambia
coordinates: lat: -6.1
lon: 29.5
Hydrology. The lake drains an area of around 2,600 km² and is fed primarily by underground springs on the eastern shore (about 50% of total inflow), with roughly 25% shares from rivers and direct precipitation. Over 20% of the lake's water comes from nearby Lake Prespa, about to the southeast and at 150 m higher altitude than Lake Ohrid.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Prespa
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
Greece
coordinates: lat: 40.9
lon: 21.05
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Similar to Lake Baikal or Lake Tanganyika, Lake Ohrid harbors endemic species covering the whole food-chain, from phytoplankton and sessile algae (20 species; e.g., &quot;Cyclotella fottii&quot;), over plant species (2 species; e.g., &quot;Chara ohridana&quot;), zooplankton (5 species; e.g., &quot;Cyclops ochridanus&quot;), cyprinid fish (8 species; e.g., &quot;Pachychilon pictum&quot;), to predatory fish (two trout species; the Ohrid trout complex &quot;Salmo letnica&quot;, and &quot;Belvica&quot; &quot;Salmo ohridanus&quot;) and finally its diverse endemic bottom fauna (176 species; e.g.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Baikal
instance_of: Lake
countries: Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 53.30277778
lon: 108.00472222
surface_form: Lake Tanganyika
instance_of: Lake
countries: Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Burundi
Zambia
coordinates: lat: -6.1
lon: 29.5
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Lake Ohrid. Lake Ohrid is a lake which straddles the mountainous border between the southwestern part of North Macedonia and eastern Albania. It is one of Europe's deepest and oldest lakes, with a unique aquatic ecosystem of worldwide importance, with more than 200 endemic species.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
It is one of Europe's deepest and oldest lakes, with a unique aquatic ecosystem of worldwide importance, with more than 200 endemic species. North Macedonia's side of Lake Ohrid was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979, with the site being extended to also include the cultural and historic area of Ohrid in 1980. In 2010, NASA named one of Titan's lakes after it.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
In 2014, the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and North Macedonia was added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Albania's side of Lake Ohrid was also designated UNESCO world heritage status in 2019. North Macedonia's portion was designated as a protected Ramsar site in 2021, passing all nine criteria for proclamation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
The lake is otherwise surrounded by settlements in the form of villages and resorts in both basin countries. Geography. Lake Ohrid is one of the oldest lakes in the world, and with a maximum depth of and mean depth of, it is the deepest lake in the Balkans. It covers an area of and contains an estimated 55.49 cubic kilometres (million acre-feet) of water.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
It covers an area of and contains an estimated 55.49 cubic kilometres (million acre-feet) of water. The lake is long and wide at its maximum extent, with a shoreline of. 64% of Lake Ohrid's shoreline and 69% of its surface area are within North Macedonia, whereas 36% of the shoreline and 31% of the surface area fall within Albania. Origin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
The graben system is still tectonically active and Lake Ohrid sits in a seismogenic landscape, with many visible traces including fresh fault scarps, displaced sediment and soil sequences, stepped hillsides, and a hydrothermal field near Kosel.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Over 20% of the lake's water comes from nearby Lake Prespa, about to the southeast and at 150 m higher altitude than Lake Ohrid. The water leaves Lake Prespa trickling through underground watercourses in the karstic landscape, where it is joined by mountain range precipitation and eventually emerges in numerous springs along the eastern shore and below the water surface of Lake Ohrid.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
The water leaves Lake Ohrid by evaporation (~40%) and through its only outlet, the Black Drin River, which flows in a northerly direction into Albania and thus to the Adriatic Sea. The relatively dry, Mediterranean climate and the small drainage basin of 2,600 km² (catchment/lake surface ratio of ~7) of Lake Ohrid results in a long hydraulic residence time scale of ~70 yr.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Physical and geochemical properties. The water at the surface of Lake Ohrid moves predominantly in a counter-clockwise direction along the shore, as a result of wind forcing and the Earth rotation, similar to the Ekman-phenomenon known from oceans. In terms of vertical water exchange, convective mixing during winter cooling is the dominant process.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
However, in an average winter only the top 150–200 meters of the lake are mixed, whereas the water below is stably stratified by salinity. The stability due to this salinity gradient allows complete convective mixing events only roughly once every 7 years. Both in terms of nutrient concentration (4.5 μg L−1 of phosphorus), as well as biological parameters Lake Ohrid qualifies as oligotrophic.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Despite this, dissolved oxygen never drops below ~6 mg L−1. Wetland habitats. Previously extensive wetland habitats in the vicinity of Lake Ohrid have been lost due to conversion into agricultural or urban land. These include Struga Marsh, large portions of which were drained for agriculture in the 1940s and again in the 1960s when the River Sateska was rerouted.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
These include Struga Marsh, large portions of which were drained for agriculture in the 1940s and again in the 1960s when the River Sateska was rerouted. Nowadays, the last remaining significant coastline wetland at Lake Ohrid is Studenchishte Marsh, which is located on the eastern shore near the city of Ohrid.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Despite degradation from a variety of sources such as large-scale disposal of construction waste, major land conversion, disruption of water connections to Lake Ohrid, beach urbanization and loss of reed belts, Studenchishte Marsh is still an important buffer to prevent lake eutrophication and a key habitat for biodiversity, including relict plants and endemic species.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
A Strategic Environmental Assessment also concluded that no measure except non-implementation could reduce the direct negative impact on Studenchishte and the indirect negative impact on Lake Ohrid if the proposed construction was to take place at the wetland.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Plans to drain the area have subsequently been reversed and the Macedonian government announced in 2018 that it would move forward with proclamation of Studenchishte Marsh as a protected area and its designation together with Lake Ohrid as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
&quot;Ochridagammarus solidus&quot;), with particularly large endemism among crustaceans, molluscs, sponges and planarians. There were recorded 68 species of freshwater snails from the Lake Ohrid basin. 73.5% (50 species) of the total freshwater gastropod fauna appear to be endemic to the Lake Ohrid basin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
In total, seven introduced fish species are known from the lake. Despite the exceptionally high level of endemism in Lake Ohrid (for example, a third of the 21 native fish species and almost 80% of its 72 mollusc species are endemic), a significant number of non-endemic species are found in Lake Ohrid.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Even though many visitors are staying for a weekend only, tourism makes an important contribution to the local economy (~1 visitor/inhabitant).Historically, Lake Ohrid was close to a main highway of the Roman Empire, the Via Egnatia, from Durrës on the coast of Albania to Thessalonika and Constantinople (Istanbul), but now is a communications backwater.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
In May 2019, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre expanded the World Heritage Site to the Albanian side of the lake. In addition, draft Decision 43 COM 7B.36 was released recommending for the Ohrid region, including Lake Ohrid, to be placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger during the 43rd Session of the World Heritage Committee in Baku, Azerbaijan. This position aligns with IUCN advice.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
In its analysis and conclusions, the World Heritage Centre observed threats to Lake Ohrid from &quot;decreased water levels, uncontrolled discharge, water pollution due to inadequate wastewater treatment systems leading to evident eutrophication at the mouths of intake rivers, heavy pressures from tourism, and extensive uncontrolled urban development and inappropriate exploitation of the coastal zones.&quot; It also observed that the majority of recommendations from the 2017 Reactive Monitoring Mission had not been implemented.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Unfortunately, as in many European lakes, it is very unlikely today that eels can reach Lake Ohrid naturally and return to the Sargasso Sea, as a result of several hydropower dams on the Black Drin and the Drin River, both in North Macedonia and Albania. As a result, eel found in Lake Ohrid are stocked populations.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
As a result, eel found in Lake Ohrid are stocked populations. Given the population growth over the past 50 years, a particular concern is the potential eutrophication of currently oligotrophic Lake Ohrid from increased pollution. Indeed, sediment cores show a ~3.5 fold increase in phosphorus concentration over the past century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
First steps in that direction have been taken by extending and improving the existing sewage system in North Macedonia in the framework of a GEF (Global Environment Facility) program. The most important next task would be a solution for three remaining, severely polluted tributaries, one in North Macedonia and two in Albania. Declaration on the Protection of the Lake Ohrid Ecosystem.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Declaration on the Protection of the Lake Ohrid Ecosystem. On 3 May 2018, the Society of Wetland Scientists released the Declaration on the Protection of the Lake Ohrid Ecosystem, which was passed unanimously by 45 attending members at its 13th annual European meeting.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Urging Macedonian authorities to substantially enhance protection of Lake Ohrid, the declaration outlines the unique significance of the interconnected Ohrid-Prespa lake system, both for its biodiversity and relevance to research on climate and evolution, and recommends measures for future management including revitalization and enlargement of wetland areas, pollution control and a re-orientation of tourism policy.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
It further describes the &quot;critical importance&quot; of the last intact marsh on the Lake Ohrid shore, Studenchishte Marsh, in terms of its species composition and ecosystem services such as water quality improvement, carbon storage and flood retention among others. Namesakes. Lake Ohrid is also the namesake of Ohrid Lacus, a hydrocarbon lake on the Saturnian moon Titan.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
In 2010, NASA named one of Titan's lakes after it. In 2014, the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and North Macedonia was added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Albania's side of Lake Ohrid was also designated UNESCO world heritage status in 2019.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
In Albania, the coastal portion of the lake holds Managed Nature Reserve status. In North Macedonia, a portion of the lakeside is part of the Galičica National Park. The towns situated at the lakeside are Ohrid and Struga in North Macedonia along with Pogradec in Albania. The lake is otherwise surrounded by settlements in the form of villages and resorts in both basin countries. Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
64% of Lake Ohrid's shoreline and 69% of its surface area are within North Macedonia, whereas 36% of the shoreline and 31% of the surface area fall within Albania. Origin. The Ohrid and Prespa Lakes are the two largest in a north–south chain of tectonic basins (grabens) including the Korçë basin, and Lake Ioannina in northwestern Greece, known as the Dessaret group.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Changes to the General Urban Plan for Ohrid 2014–2020, however, made provisions for Studenchishte Marsh to be drained and replaced with infrastructure for tourism and water-sports, a proposal which, together with other regional developments, was opposed by numerous local and international experts, including the Society of Wetland Scientists.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Ramsar status was formalized in 2021 although protection of Studenchishte Marsh at the national level has not yet been completed. The IUCN identifies wetland rehabilitation as one of five potential site needs for the UNESCO Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid Region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Fauna. Measured by its surface area of 358 km², Ohrid is probably among the most biodiverse lakes on Earth. While it is special as such, by far the most spectacular quality is its impressive endemism.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
&quot;Ochridagammarus solidus&quot;), with particularly large endemism among crustaceans, molluscs, sponges and planarians. There were recorded 68 species of freshwater snails from the Lake Ohrid basin. 73.5% (50 species) of the total freshwater gastropod fauna appear to be endemic to the Lake Ohrid basin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
World Heritage Site. The Macedonian side of Lake Ohrid was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO at the 3rd Session of the World Heritage Committee in 1979 and holds that status under Criterion VII as a superlative natural phenomenon related to its refuge function for relict and world-unique freshwater species, and its rich bird life.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ohrid
instance_of: Lake
countries: North Macedonia
Albania
coordinates: lat: 41.03333333333333
lon: 20.716666666666665
Its population was 9,524 at the 2010 census, and its area is 89.45 km2. Geography. Mosteiros is situated between the northeastern slopes of the volcano Pico do Fogo and the Atlantic Ocean. The southwestern part of the municipality () lies within Fogo Natural Park, which includes the Monte Velha Forest. Mosteiros is an agricultural area, its main product is coffee. History.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Velha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Cape Verde
coordinates: lat: 15.0023
lon: -24.345