Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
The flavor is strong and especially good for frozen products. The word &quot;Chehalem&quot; is derived from Kalapuyan word to a group of the Atfalati tribe in 1877. It is also the name of the highest mountains in the Willamette Valley, near Portland. The berry is well adapted to the Pacific Coast, (of USA) and is vigorous and productive in moist, rich soil.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Willamette Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.9
lon: -123.1
Landing and capture. Casement confided his personal papers to Dr Charles Curry, with whom he had stayed at Riederau on the Ammersee, before he left Germany. He departed with Robert Monteith and Sergeant Daniel Beverley (Bailey) of the Irish Brigade in a submarine, initially the, which developed engine trouble, and then the, shortly after the &quot;Aud&quot; sailed.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Ammersee
instance_of: Lake
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 48
lon: 11.116666666667
Tristacher See. Tristacher See is a lake of Tyrol, Austria.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: tristacher see
instance_of: Lake
countries: Austria
coordinates: lat: 46.807013888889
lon: 12.796736111111
The latter helicopter replaced the formerly used S61N helicopter in 2023. There were initially two air defence radar units, both located on West Falkland; No. 7 Signals Unit at Byron Heights and No. 751 Signals Unit at Mount Alice. Byron Heights and Mount Alice were later augmented by a further radar installation on Mount Kent, designated No. 303 Signals Unit. No. 7 Signals Unit and No.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Kent
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -51.6735
lon: -58.113
Ispra. Ispra is a &quot;comune&quot; and small town on the eastern coast of Lake Maggiore, in the province of Varese (Lombardy, northern Italy). History. The research centre in Ispra originally belonged to the Comitato Nazionale per l'Energia Nucleare (CNEN) and was officially transferred to the European Community on 1 March 1961.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Maggiore
instance_of: Lake
countries: Switzerland
Italy
coordinates: lat: 46.098055555555554
lon: 8.714722222222223
Cim de Pla de Pujalts. Cim de Plà de Pujalts is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 2,056 metres above sea level.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: pla de pujalts
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 42.2857169362
lon: 2.08066391016
surface_form: cim de pla de pujalts
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 42.2857169362
lon: 2.08066391016
Glitrefonna Glacier. Glitrefonna Glacier () is a glacier at the north side of Mount Bergersen in the Sør Rondane Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers in 1957 from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and named Glitrefonna (the glitter glacier).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Bergersen
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -72.066666666667
lon: 25.8
Botnedalsvatn. Botnedalsvatn is a lake in Tokke Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The lake is located in the Botnedalen valley, about to the northwest of the village of Dalen. Botnedalsvatn has a dam on the southeast end of the lake which regulates the surface elevation of the lake. The lake is used as a reservoir for the nearby Byrte Hydroelectric Power Station.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Botnedalen
instance_of: Valley
countries: Norway
coordinates: lat: 59.4926
lon: 7.7379
Botnedalsvatn has a dam on the southeast end of the lake which regulates the surface elevation of the lake. The lake is used as a reservoir for the nearby Byrte Hydroelectric Power Station. Water flows from this lake through a tunnel into the power plant which is located at the southern end of the nearby lake Byrtevatn.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Byrtevatn
instance_of: Lake
countries: Norway
coordinates: lat: 59.4975
lon: 7.83638889
This national park covers approximately and is home to one of the last palm forests of &quot;Jubaea chilensis&quot; (Chilean Wine Palm), which prehistorically had a much wider distribution than at present. Another attraction is the Cerro La Campana, which lends its name to the park. In 1834 Charles Darwin climbed this mountain, during the second voyage of HMS Beagle.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cerro La Campana
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Chile
coordinates: lat: -32.953611111111
lon: -71.119444444444
Biology. The park is in the Chilean matorral ecoregion. Chilean wine palm groves occur in the Ocoa Valley. Other typical vegetation species occurring in the park include the &quot;Echinopsis chiloensis&quot;, &quot;Puya chilensis&quot;, roble, boldo, litre, peumo, Patagua, winter's bark, and lingue.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Ocoa Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Chile
Lake Argyle and other wetlands of the Ord and the Kimberley are important habitats while there are important populations of shorebirds in the Ord estuary, Eighty-mile Beach and Roebuck Bay, which has been described as &quot;one of the most important stop-over areas for shorebirds in Australia and globally&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Argyle
instance_of: Lake
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -16.33548521884927
lon: 128.74350872874118
(Keep River's nearest town is Kununurra in the Kimberley.)
The Kimberley is a popular tourist destination, with areas such as the Bungle Bungle Range, the Gibb River Road, Lake Argyle, El Questro Station, Mornington Sanctuary, Horizontal Falls and Cape Leveque.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Argyle
instance_of: Lake
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -16.33548521884927
lon: 128.74350872874118
Beef cattle are grown in the Kimberley and exported live. There were formerly meatworks at Wyndham, Broome and Derby but financial constraints have caused these to be closed. Barramundi are bred in Lake Argyle, and Broome features a fully equipped Aquaculture Park near the port; tenants include Paspaley Pearls and Broome TAFE. The Kimberley also has a thriving fishing industry.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Argyle
instance_of: Lake
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -16.33548521884927
lon: 128.74350872874118
Geography. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of, of which, or 0.18%, is water. Mummy Mountain dominates Paradise Valley's central terrain. Other landmarks include Camelback Mountain on the southern border and the Piestewa Peak mountainous area on the western border. Several historical sites are within the town, including the Harold C. Price, Sr.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Camelback Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.5144875
lon: -111.9618124
surface_form: Piestewa Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.5475
lon: -112.02083333333
Mount Arfak. Mount Arfak is the highest point in the province of West Papua. It is located on north-east side of the Bird's Head Peninsula. It is a popular hiking area and is the highest peak of the Arfak Mountains. From the summit, Manokwari can be seen. The summit of Mt.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount arfak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Indonesia
coordinates: lat: -1.15666
lon: 133.98007
surface_form: arfak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Indonesia
coordinates: lat: -1.15666
lon: 133.98007
Mount Arfak. Mount Arfak is the highest point in the province of West Papua. It is located on north-east side of the Bird's Head Peninsula. It is a popular hiking area and is the highest peak of the Arfak Mountains. From the summit, Manokwari can be seen. The summit of Mt.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: arfak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Indonesia
coordinates: lat: -1.15666
lon: 133.98007
It is located on north-east side of the Bird's Head Peninsula. It is a popular hiking area and is the highest peak of the Arfak Mountains. From the summit, Manokwari can be seen. The summit of Mt. Arfak is temperate and dry with very hot, dry summer temperatures that average below 95 °F (35 °C) and mild, humid winter temperatures that average above 38 °F (3 °C).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: arfak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Indonesia
coordinates: lat: -1.15666
lon: 133.98007
Sometimes snow can fall on the summit, but not every year. Average rain amount per year is about 45 inches (1150 mm). The mountain is part of the Pegunungan Arfak Nature Reserve, a protected area that protects parts of the Vogelkop montane rain forests ecoregion. The mountain is also the highest point in the Manokwari metropolitan area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: arfak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Indonesia
coordinates: lat: -1.15666
lon: 133.98007
The Turnback Canyon section is never run by commercial rafting outfitters and has only been conquered by a handful of world class whitewater kayakers. Stikine River. The Stikine River's Grand Canyon of the Stikine run is known for being one of the most difficult whitewater descents in the world. Officially considered unnavigable by B.C.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Grand Canyon of the Stikine
instance_of: Valley
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 58.08222222222222
lon: -130.735
King's Sedgemoor Drain. King's Sedgemoor Drain is an artificial drainage channel which diverts the River Cary in Somerset, England, along the southern flank of the Polden Hills, to discharge into the River Parrett at Dunball near Bridgwater. As the name suggests, the channel is used to help drain the peat moors of King's Sedgemoor.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: River Parrett
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 51.2292
lon: -3.00861
At Crandon Bridge the A39 road crosses the Drain to a 'T'-junction with the old course of the A39 to Glastonbury and the newer A39 spur to the M5 motorway. Passing to the south of Puriton, it turns first west and then south-west as it passes under the M5 motorway, the Bristol and Exeter Railway, and the A38 road in quick succession, to reach the River Parrett at Dunball clyse.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: River Parrett
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 51.2292
lon: -3.00861
Denbigh, Ruthin and Vale of Clwyd Free Press. The &quot;Denbigh, Ruthin and Vale of Clwyd Free Press&quot; was a weekly English language newspaper distributed in the Denbigh, Ruthin, Vale of Clwyd, and Flint areas of Wales. It mainly contained local and national news and information. An associated title was the &quot;Denbighshire Free Press and North Wales Times&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Vale of Clwyd
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 53.21
lon: -3.38
Siq'i Urqu. Siq'i Urqu (Quechua &quot;siq'i&quot; scratch, &quot;urqu&quot; mountain, &quot;scratch mountain&quot;, hispanicized spelling &quot;Seque Orcco&quot;) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately. It is located in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Santo Tomás District, and in the Espinar Province, Coporaque District.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: siq'i
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.52055556
lon: -75.61111111
surface_form: siq'i urqu
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -14.74722222
lon: -71.89277778
Siq'i Urqu. Siq'i Urqu (Quechua &quot;siq'i&quot; scratch, &quot;urqu&quot; mountain, &quot;scratch mountain&quot;, hispanicized spelling &quot;Seque Orcco&quot;) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately. It is located in the Cusco Region, Chumbivilcas Province, Santo Tomás District, and in the Espinar Province, Coporaque District.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: siq'i
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.52055556
lon: -75.61111111
surface_form: siq'i
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.52055556
lon: -75.61111111
surface_form: siq'i urqu
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -14.74722222
lon: -71.89277778
Panorama, Pennsylvania. Panorama is a neighborhood and an unincorporated community split between Harris and College Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Happy Valley and the larger Nittany Valley. Panorama is south of Oak Hall, northwest of Boalsburg, and east of Southridge. History. The Panorama Village Elementary School was built in 1959.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Nittany Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.9
lon: -77.7
Sulzano. Sulzano (Brescian:) is a &quot;comune&quot; in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It is situated on the east shore of Lake Iseo. Its coat of arms shows three golden fishes on blue in the lower half, and two yellow vertical bars in the top half, flanking a letter S on blue and red.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Iseo
instance_of: Lake
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.711666666667
lon: 10.071944444444
Ostry. Ostry () is a stratovolcano located in the northern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. It comprises the higher Ostry volcano and the smaller Kutina volcano. Ostry is one of the highest peaks of Sredinny Range. An unnamed high cinder cone on the SW flank of Ostry, informally referred to as &quot;Cone X,&quot; erupted about 4,000 years ago, producing a basaltic lava flow.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ostry
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 58.182
lon: 160.828
Lake Arthur (Quebec). Lake Arthur () is a lake in Quebec, in Port-Cartier–Sept-Îles Wildlife Reserve in the Côte-Nord region. Location. Lake Arthur is about northwest of Port-Cartier, Quebec. It is in the unorganized territory of Lac-Walker, in the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality of the Côte-Nord administrative region, Quebec. It is just east of Grand lac Caotibi, into which it drains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Grand lac Caotibi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.733055555556
lon: -67.553888888889
surface_form: grand lac
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 48.866666666667
lon: -57.433333333333
surface_form: grand lac
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.933611111111
lon: -66.032777777778
It is just east of Grand lac Caotibi, into which it drains. This lake in turns drains to the north into Petit lac Caotibi, which feeds the Rivière Toulnustouc Nord-Est (North-East Toulnustouc River), a tributary of Lake Caron in the Toulnustouc River basin. The Cartier Railway runs between Lake Arthur and Grand lac Caotibi. Lake Arthur has an area of about.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Petit lac Caotibi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.86583
lon: -67.54167
surface_form: Toulnustouc River
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.59361111
lon: -68.39333333
surface_form: rivière toulnustouc
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.59361111
lon: -68.39333333
surface_form: toulnustouc river
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.59361111
lon: -68.39333333
surface_form: toulnustouc
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.59361111
lon: -68.39333333
surface_form: rivière toulnustouc nord-est
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.90002
lon: -67.69893
It is just east of Grand lac Caotibi, into which it drains. This lake in turns drains to the north into Petit lac Caotibi, which feeds the Rivière Toulnustouc Nord-Est (North-East Toulnustouc River), a tributary of Lake Caron in the Toulnustouc River basin. The Cartier Railway runs between Lake Arthur and Grand lac Caotibi. Lake Arthur has an area of about.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: grand lac
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 48.866666666667
lon: -57.433333333333
surface_form: grand lac
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.933611111111
lon: -66.032777777778
surface_form: grand lac caotibi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.733055555556
lon: -67.553888888889
Lake Arthur (Quebec). Lake Arthur () is a lake in Quebec, in Port-Cartier–Sept-Îles Wildlife Reserve in the Côte-Nord region. Location. Lake Arthur is about northwest of Port-Cartier, Quebec. It is in the unorganized territory of Lac-Walker, in the Sept-Rivières Regional County Municipality of the Côte-Nord administrative region, Quebec. It is just east of Grand lac Caotibi, into which it drains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake arthur (quebec)
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.76694
lon: -67.5325
Blotched mogurnda. The blotched mogurnda (&quot;Mogurnda spilota&quot;) is a species of fish in the family Eleotridae endemic to Lake Kutubu. This species can reach a standard length of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Kutubu
instance_of: Lake
countries: Papua New Guinea
coordinates: lat: -6.4
lon: 143.33333333333
Robertson visited and photographed Hillary's Hut, Scott's Hut and Captain Shackleton's hut at Cape Royds, and Discovery Hut on Ross Island. As part of his trip, Robertson camped in the McMurdo Dry Valleys to document the driest and harshest conditions on Earth. Career in film. Robertson was commissioned by the Auckland War Memorial Museum to create a film for International Day of Peace.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: McMurdo Dry Valleys
instance_of: Valley
coordinates: lat: -77.466666666667
lon: 162.51666666667
Early Scythian metallurgy was centered around bronzeworking, as these skills had already been widely adopted by the Scythians' neighbors. The Minusinsk Basin of Siberia has been speculated as the origin point for the raw materials used in Bronze-age Scythian metallurgy, and Scythian access to this region fueled the peoples' later centuries of expansion.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Minusinsk Basin
instance_of: Valley
countries: Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 54
lon: 91.5
The Paps. The Paps is a Cretaceous seamount of the Atlantic Ocean, located in the Canary Islands Seamount Province (CISP). Featuring an elongated shape, it has a height of 2,700 metres. Description. The seamount lies at about 25.92°N 20.30°W, about 300 km to the southwest of El Hierro. The age of the seamount has been estimated to 91.1 ± 0.2 million years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Canary Islands Seamount Province
instance_of: Landform
Sretenovo. Sretenovo () is a village in the municipality of Dojran, North Macedonia. It is located on the south shores of Doiran Lake, near the Greek border.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Doiran Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Greece
North Macedonia
coordinates: lat: 41.21666666666667
lon: 22.75
Choyce Point. Choyce Point () is a headland southwest of Tent Nunatak on the east coast of Graham Land. A rocky bluff rises behind the point as viewed from Larsen Ice Shelf to which the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947 applied the name Cape Choyce.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tent Nunatak
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -67.6
lon: -65.35
Geology. Broken Top is a complex stratovolcano. It lies northwest of Ball Butte and southeast of South Sister (part of the Three Sisters complex volcano), which is located at longitude 121.7° W and latitude 44.08° N. It has an elevation of, with a volume of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Ball Butte
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.065916
lon: -121.67649
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.5968
lon: -83.9444
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.7446
lon: -121.473
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.8697
lon: -117.359
Broken Top joins several other volcanoes in the eastern segment of the Cascade Range known as the High Cascades, which trends from north–south. This includes the Three Sisters complex, Belknap Crater, Mount Washington, Black Butte, and Three Fingered Jack, and Mount Bachelor.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Belknap Crater
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.284943458
lon: -121.842233094
surface_form: Three Fingered Jack
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.478965122
lon: -121.843058797
surface_form: Mount Bachelor
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.979166666667
lon: -121.68833333333
surface_form: bachelor
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.979166666667
lon: -121.68833333333
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.5311964
lon: -123.2459807
surface_form: black butte
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.9044
lon: -111.855
surface_form: black butte
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 35.88222222
lon: -115.72083333
surface_form: black butte
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.7267
lon: -122.872
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.1019
lon: -73.4325
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.5968
lon: -83.9444
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 38.9149
lon: -114.309
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.4271
lon: -80.0112
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.270827777778
lon: -71.303483333333
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.3321
lon: -121.839
surface_form: black butte
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.3663
lon: -122.348
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.4259
lon: -121.7
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.7446
lon: -121.473
surface_form: black butte
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.3997
lon: -121.635
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.8697
lon: -117.359
Hodge, suggested that the Broken Top, the Three Sisters, and several other mountains in the area constituted the remains of an enormous collapsed volcano that had been active during the Miocene or early Pliocene epochs. Naming this ancient volcano, Hodge theorized that it had collapsed to form a caldera just as Mount Mazama collapsed to form Crater Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: Crater Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
The hiking trail on Broken Top begins at the Green Lakes Basin at the trailhead east of Bend, running and gaining in elevation. It can be scrambled, though the route demands Yosemite Decimal System class 4 or lower class 5 climbing and has significant exposure. The Broken Top trail begins at a junction with the Green Lakes Trail.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yosemite
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.721694444444445
lon: -119.646
This vicinity is among the most active volcanic areas in the Cascades and one of the most densely populated volcanic centers in the world, as well as the second largest volcanic field of silicic rock within the Quaternary Cascades. The area from the Three Sisters to Broken Top and Mount Bachelor features at least 50 eruptive vents for rhyolitic and rhyodacitic lava.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: bachelor
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.979166666667
lon: -121.68833333333
surface_form: mount bachelor
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.979166666667
lon: -121.68833333333
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.5968
lon: -83.9444
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
lon: -121.69976111111
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.7446
lon: -121.473
surface_form: three sisters
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.8697
lon: -117.359
The mountain has an elevation of according to Hildreth (2007). Wilderness. The Three Sisters Wilderness covers an area of, making it the second-largest wilderness area in Oregon, after the Eagle Cap Wilderness area. Designated by the United States Congress in 1964, it borders the Mount Washington Wilderness to the north and shares its southern edge with the Waldo Lake Wilderness.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.5311964
lon: -123.2459807
surface_form: waldo lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.718888888889
lon: -122.04083333333
surface_form: mount washington
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.1019
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More recent Holocene activity on the volcano's flanks constructed basaltic lava flows, cones, and ash that have become interbedded with moraine and material from outwash plains from the Neoglacial period. Ball Butte refers to an additional cone, in elevation, which is considered one of Broken Top's subfeatures.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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coordinates: lat: 44.065916
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Ball Butte refers to an additional cone, in elevation, which is considered one of Broken Top's subfeatures. There are also a number of parasitic cones in the area, which helped build Ball Butte over time. They also produced much red scoria and formed hot springs and fumaroles (openings in the earth that emit steam and gases).

Geographic entities mentioned:
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coordinates: lat: 44.065916
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It began to erupt as Broken Top stopped eruptive activity, since the two have overlapping layers of lava. As Pleistocene glaciers retreated, basaltic cinder cone volcanoes formed south of Todd Lake right as Cayuse Crater was forming. Cayuse Crater, an unrelated postglacial volcano which formed 11,000 years ago, also sits on Broken Top's southern flank.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The remnants of a large scoria cone near Bend Glacier, for the most part destroyed by ice, include volcanic bombs that extend up to in length. During the late Pleistocene, six cinder cone and auxiliary vents between Broken Top and Tumalo Mountain erupted, yielding glomeroporphyritic basaltic andesite. They all likely derived from the same magma source. Recent history and potential hazards.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The mountain has an elevation of according to Hildreth (2007). Wilderness. The Three Sisters Wilderness covers an area of, making it the second-largest wilderness area in Oregon, after the Eagle Cap Wilderness area. Designated by the United States Congress in 1964, it borders the Mount Washington Wilderness to the north and shares its southern edge with the Waldo Lake Wilderness.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Glaciation and flash floods. During the late Pleistocene, Broken Top and its surroundings were almost entirely covered by glaciers. The only features in the area not buried by glaciers were the summit of Tumalo Mountain and the summit of Broken Top, including the northwest ridge crest. No geologic evidence suggests that any eruptive activity took place subglacially.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The resulting flood reached depths of, cascading down the eastern and southern flanks of the mountain and reaching the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway. The flood moved logs, rocks, and mud to the Sparks Lake meadow basin; it covered between 35 and 45 percent of the lake's basin with silt and deposited at least of sediment in the lake and surrounding meadow. Additional cones.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Future dam failures leading to similar events would likely still only affect the proximal hazard zone with a diameter of, but they might reach more distal areas if they originate from certain lakes, such as Carver Lake or the unnamed lake on the eastern side of Broken Top draining to Sparks Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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state of Oregon. Located southeast of the Three Sisters peaks, the volcano, residing within the Three Sisters Wilderness, is west of Bend, Oregon, in Deschutes County. Eruptive activity stopped roughly 100,000 years ago, and erosion by glaciers has since reduced the volcano's cone to where its contents are exposed. There are two named glaciers on the peak, Bend and Crook Glacier.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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coordinates: lat: 34.5968
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Broken Top and its surrounding area constitute popular destinations for hiking, climbing, and scrambling. Geography. Broken Top lies in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, roughly located at. It is part of the Cascade Range in Oregon, in the Three Sisters Wilderness, which lies in Deschutes County. The mountain has an elevation of according to Hildreth (2007). Wilderness.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.5968
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The area includes of trails and many forests, lakes, waterfalls, and streams, including the source of Whychus Creek. The Three Sisters and Broken Top account for about a third of the Three Sisters Wilderness, and this area is known as the Alpine Crest Region. Rising from about to in elevation, the Alpine Crest Region features the wilderness area's most-frequented glaciers, lakes, and meadows.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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In the 21st century, wildfires have been larger and more common in the Deschutes National Forest. In September 2012, a lightning strike caused a fire that burned in the Pole Creek area within the Three Sisters Wilderness, leaving the area closed until May 2013.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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In September 2012, a lightning strike caused a fire that burned in the Pole Creek area within the Three Sisters Wilderness, leaving the area closed until May 2013. In August 2017, officials closed in the western half of the Three Sisters Wilderness, including of the Pacific Crest Trail, to the public because of 11 lightning-caused fires, including the Milli Fire.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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Constructed towards the end of the Pleistocene epoch, these mountains are underlain by more ancient volcanoes that sank within parallel north–south trending faults in the surrounding region. The Three Sisters form the centerpiece of a region of closely grouped volcanic peaks, an exception to the typical spacing between volcanoes elsewhere in the Cascades.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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coordinates: lat: 34.5968
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Both small ice streams, they have decreased significantly in size over the past few decades, and retreat continues at a rapid rate. When Little Ice Age glaciers retreated during the 20th century, water filled in the spaces left behind, forming moraine-dammed lakes, which are more common in the Three Sisters Wilderness than anywhere else in the contiguous United States.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Recent history and potential hazards. When the first geological reconnaissance of the surrounding region was published in 1925, its author, Edwin T. Hodge, suggested that the Broken Top, the Three Sisters, and several other mountains in the area constituted the remains of an enormous collapsed volcano that had been active during the Miocene or early Pliocene epochs.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Williams' 1944 paper, titled &quot;Volcanoes of the Three Sisters Region, Oregon Cascades&quot;, defined the basic outline of the region, though he lacked access to chemical techniques and radiometric dating. geologist and volcanologist Edward Taylor's analysis in 1978 determined that the current Broken Top cone was constructed on basaltic andesite lavas that built a platform.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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As dikes and sills invaded the edifice over time, it formed a volcanic cone made of different lavas including basaltic andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite, as well as tephra and pyroclastic materials from more explosive eruptions. Broken Top poses significant hazards to the surrounding area, especially within the proximal hazard zone with a diameter of that surrounds Broken Top and the Three Sisters.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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During an eruption, tephra could accumulate to in the city of Bend, and mudflows and pyroclastic flows could run down the sides of the mountain, threatening any life in their paths. Over the course of the past century, five or more lahars have occurred at the Three Sisters and Broken Top, either as a result of glacier-outburst flooding or the failure of moraine-dammed lakes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Lakes with less threat of reaching the distal hazard zone include small lakes in the headwaters of Whychus Creek and the basin below. Recreation. Broken Top and the nearby Three Sisters represent a popular climbing destination for hikers and mountaineers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Horses are prohibited, and ice axes are sensible during the winter climbing season for safety reasons. Motor vehicles and other mechanical means of transport such as bicycles, wagons, motorboats, and helicopters are generally prohibited within the Three Sisters Wilderness under the rules of the National Wilderness Preservation System.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Broken Top. Broken Top is a glacially eroded complex stratovolcano. It lies in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the extensive Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located southeast of the Three Sisters peaks, the volcano, residing within the Three Sisters Wilderness, is west of Bend, Oregon, in Deschutes County.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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There are two named glaciers on the peak, Bend and Crook Glacier. Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons. Broken Top and its surrounding area constitute popular destinations for hiking, climbing, and scrambling. Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
lon: -121.69976111111
Broken Top and its surrounding area constitute popular destinations for hiking, climbing, and scrambling. Geography. Broken Top lies in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, roughly located at. It is part of the Cascade Range in Oregon, in the Three Sisters Wilderness, which lies in Deschutes County. The mountain has an elevation of according to Hildreth (2007). Wilderness.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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Geology. Broken Top is a complex stratovolcano. It lies northwest of Ball Butte and southeast of South Sister (part of the Three Sisters complex volcano), which is located at longitude 121.7° W and latitude 44.08° N. It has an elevation of, with a volume of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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It lies northwest of Ball Butte and southeast of South Sister (part of the Three Sisters complex volcano), which is located at longitude 121.7° W and latitude 44.08° N. It has an elevation of, with a volume of. Like other Cascade volcanoes, Broken Top was fed by magma chambers produced by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate under the western edge of the North American tectonic plate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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The mountain was also shaped by the changing climate of the Pleistocene Epoch, during which multiple glacial periods occurred and glacial advance eroded local mountains. Broken Top joins several other volcanoes in the eastern segment of the Cascade Range known as the High Cascades, which trends from north–south.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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The area from the Three Sisters to Broken Top and Mount Bachelor features at least 50 eruptive vents for rhyolitic and rhyodacitic lava. East of Broken Top, the c, a area of andesitic and mafic scoria cones, features similarly rhyolitic and rhyodacitic lava deposits.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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Eruptive history. Broken Top's initial eruptions, beginning about 300,000 years ago during the middle of the Pleistocene epoch and overlapping with eruptions at the North Sister volcano, consisted of basaltic andesite lava that contributed to a base shield. The center of this edifice consists of oxidized agglomerate that was invaded by intrusive dikes and geologic sills.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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These deposits extend from the subordinate volcano to the summit, and reach Todd Lake Volcano as well as rhyodacitic lava at Tam MacArthur rim and Whychus Creek Falls. Another set of rhyodacitic lava domes runs for from south of Broken Top to Demaris Lake to its north, but they were partially covered by andesitic deposits from eruptions at the South Sister volcano.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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Another set of rhyodacitic lava domes runs for from south of Broken Top to Demaris Lake to its north, but they were partially covered by andesitic deposits from eruptions at the South Sister volcano. In total, throughout its 150,000 years of eruptive activity, Broken Top erupted between of lava.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: broken top
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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In total, throughout its 150,000 years of eruptive activity, Broken Top erupted between of lava. Though most of the material that forms Broken Top's volcanic cone originated from its main vent, the edifice was also built up by auxiliary vents on its flanks and parasitic cones that surrounded the main edifice.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.082894444444
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