Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
During an 1852 exploration, Shumard discovered the presence of Permian fossils in the area of the Guadalupe Mountains. Climate. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Shumard Peak is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone with relatively hot summers, calm, mild autumn weather, and cool to cold weather in winter and early spring. Nights are cool, even in summer.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: shumard peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 31.90762
lon: -104.87439
Description. Shumard Peak is located in Guadalupe Mountains National Park and with more recent accurate Lidar measurements, it ranks as the second-highest peak in the Guadalupe Mountains and in the state of Texas, moving up from previous third in outdated sources. The mountain is composed of late Permian limestone and Capitan Formation like the other peaks in the Guadalupe Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: capitan
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.0075
lon: -114.39666666667
Saad has written three books, all with conservation themes: &quot;Wild Tales from the Wild&quot;, about the people and wildlife of the Mangala valley in Karnataka; &quot;Subhan and I: My Adventure with the Angling Legend of India&quot;, about angling for mahseer in the Cauvery River; and a novel, &quot;Matabele Dawn&quot;, a thriller set in Africa and India. Personal life.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cauvery River
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 11.370345
lon: 79.828105
Samsinbong. Samsinbong or Samshin-bong is a mountain of South Gyeongsang Province, southeastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 1,284 metres.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: samsinbong
instance_of: Mountain
countries: South Korea
She became the first woman to hold the position. Personal life. Bartoli lives with her husband, the Swiss bass-baritone Oliver Widmer, in Zollikon on the north shore of Lake Zurich, Switzerland, and in Rome part of the year. The couple married in 2011 after twelve years together. Bartoli lived in Monaco in the early 2010s. Awards and honours.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Zurich
instance_of: Lake
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 47.2475
lon: 8.6775
The large majority of Australian downhill riding and racing is accessed by shuttling in cars, buses or by walking to the top of the track (push runs), however the venues at Mount Buller and Thredbo provide lift accessed tracks during the snow less summer months. Mount Stromlo, near Canberra, hosted a World Cup Round in August 2008 and the 2009 World Championships.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Stromlo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -35.316666666667
lon: 149.01666666667
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina is rich with mountains especially around the capital city of Sarajevo, in which a downtown race is held, although mountain bike and downhill especially are still developing to become known sports. Mountains like Igman, Bjelašnica and others are being increasingly used for downhill racing.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Igman
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina
coordinates: lat: 43.783333333333
lon: 18.25
Mountains like Igman, Bjelašnica and others are being increasingly used for downhill racing. Currently there are a few tracks on Trebević, Igman, Bjelašnica, Cavljak – Barice, all featured tournaments on an international level. Unexploded ordnance is one of the reasons for slow development of this sport in a country with a such great potential for it. Canada.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Igman
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina
coordinates: lat: 43.783333333333
lon: 18.25
The area of Finale Ligure, near Genoa, offers year-round tracks that end on the seaside, served by shuttles. Among the most famous trails in the country is the Sanremo Downhill, a rocky, technical, and dangerous course won in 2007 by Fabien Barel. The 2008 World Championship happened in Val di Sole. Kazakhstan. Located in the Tian Shan, the city of Almaty, Shymbulak bike park was opened in 2013.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Val di Sole
instance_of: Valley
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 46.3
lon: 10.8
The majority of Sweden's notable downhill tracks are situated around Åre and Åre Bike, accessible via lift shuttles. In 1999 Åre was the host of the UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships, and it hosted the Nordic Championships in 2007. There are numerous graded biking trails down the &quot;Åreskutan&quot; fell. Sweden's most southerly DH bike park is called Vallåsen Bike Park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Åreskutan
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Sweden
coordinates: lat: 63.430833333333
lon: 13.093055555556
Nico Vink. Doi Suthep mountain is where most downhill actions take place in Chiang Mai. Tour operator, such as X-Biking Chiang Mai, offers guided tour or shuttle service to the trailheads and pick up the riders once they complete the trails. The Thailand National Championships, are held in many different venues across Thailand by the Thai Cycling Association.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Doi Suthep
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Thailand
coordinates: lat: 18.816388888889
lon: 98.893055555556
The park includes about 36% of the in the Palani Hills. The park is located between latitude 10°7'–10°28' N and longitude 77°16'–77°46' E. Central location is east northeast of Silver Cascade Waterfall and E X NE of Kodaikanal Lake. History. The Palani Hills derive their name from the ancient temple town of Palani (பழநி in Tamil) located at the northern base of the hills.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kodaikanal Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 10.2344
lon: 77.4863
The decision to finally establish the park must balance short term financial benefits of the status quo versus long term stability of the natural and human community. Geography. Vandaravu peak is the highest peak in the Palani hills. The range lies between the Cumbum Valley on the south, which is drained by the Vaigai River and its upper tributaries, and the Kongunadu region to the north.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Vandaravu
instance_of: Mountain
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 10.149
lon: 77.273
Geography. Vandaravu peak is the highest peak in the Palani hills. The range lies between the Cumbum Valley on the south, which is drained by the Vaigai River and its upper tributaries, and the Kongunadu region to the north. The northern slopes are drained by the Shanmukha River, Nanganji River, and Kodavanar River, which are tributaries of the Kaveri River.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cumbum Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 9.739973
lon: 77.281267
The hill station of Kodaikanal lies in the southern central portion of the range. Palani Hills joined with Anamalai Hills and Cardamom Hills at Anamudi peak in Kerala state. Vattavada in Kerala is a part of Palani hills. The Palni Hills are an eastward spur of the Western Ghats with a maximum east–west length of, and a north–south width of. Area is.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Anamudi
instance_of: Mountain
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 10.166666666667
lon: 77.066666666667
Area is. These hills rise in steep escarpments to a high undulating plateau ranging from to over elevation. The western extremity of the park is contiguous with the Manjampatti Valley core area of the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park and with The Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala. The Kurinjimala Sanctuary in Kerala borders the southwestern corner of the park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Manjampatti Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 10.3125
lon: 77.25055556
The park is an eastward extension of the Western Ghats hills formed by separation of the India-Madagascar-Seychelles blocks of East Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous period about 120 million years ago. It is surrounded to the north, east and south by the Deccan Plateau formed later in the massive Deccan Traps eruption 66 million years ago as India drifted over the Reunion Hotspot. Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Deccan Plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 15
lon: 77
Generally, as one proceeds from the Kerala border in the west to the foothills in the east, average rainfall decreases and temperature increases. Compared to the Deccan plateau and the southwestern coastal plains, temperatures vary from moderate to quite cool. In the central Palani Hills at Kodaikanal, during March to May, the temperature range is between. The temperature can rise to a high of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Deccan plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 15
lon: 77
The average annual rainfall is, mostly during the north-east monsoon. Tribes. Nomadic Paliyan tribes people have been seen living in some of the several caves in Manjampatti Valley. Paliyan people can be seen near Kukal Cave. The Tamil speaking Pulayan are referred to as the MalaPulayans, a group categorized as scheduled caste by State government of Tamil Nadu.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Manjampatti Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 10.3125
lon: 77.25055556
Permission from the Forest Department is necessary to visit areas deep inside the forests and for trekking in forests. Forest rest houses are available with advance reservation at Kodaikkanal, Poombarai, Kukkal, Kavunji, Berijam and Devadanapatty. Contact: District Forest officer, Kodaikkanal Forest Division, Kodaikanal, Dindigal District, Tamil Nadu, India.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Berijam
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 10.183333333333
lon: 77.395555555556
Bützower See. Bützower See is a lake in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 0.3 m, its surface area is 0.98 km2.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: bützower see
instance_of: Lake
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.857777777778
lon: 11.986944444444
Distribution and habitat. The African wildcat occurs throughout Africa, as well as in the Middle East including parts of the Arabian Peninsula and most of Iran. Its range extends northeast into Central Asia, where it occurs along the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and through Kazakhstan to as far east as Xinjiang. It is also present in parts of India. It tolerates a wide variety of habitats.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Caspian Sea
instance_of: Body of water
Lake
countries: Iran
Russia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42
lon: 50.5
Its range extends northeast into Central Asia, where it occurs along the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, and through Kazakhstan to as far east as Xinjiang. It is also present in parts of India. It tolerates a wide variety of habitats. In deserts such as the Sahara, it occurs at much lower densities and is most common in areas with rugged terrain such as the Hoggar Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Hoggar Mountains
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Algeria
France
coordinates: lat: 23.288611
lon: 5.534167
Ohio. Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the west, and Michigan to the northwest. Of the 50 U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
Most of the Shawnee, excluding the Pekowi in Southwest Ohio, were forcibly moved west. Ohio played a key role in the War of 1812, as it was on the front line in the Western theater and the scene of several notable battles both on land and in Lake Erie. On September 10, 1813, the Battle of Lake Erie, one of the major battles, took place near Put-in-Bay, Ohio.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
Much of Ohio features glaciated till plains, with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. This glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the glaciated Allegheny Plateau, and then by another belt known as the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: glaciated Allegheny Plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41
lon: -81
While 1/3 of Ohio's land mass is part of the federally defined Appalachian region, only 12.8% of Ohioans live there (1.476 million people.)
Significant Ohio rivers include the Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River, and Scioto River. The rivers in northern Ohio drain into the northern Atlantic Ocean via Lake Erie and the St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
Precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round. Severe weather is not uncommon in the state, although there are typically fewer tornado reports in Ohio than in states located in what is known as the Tornado Alley. Severe lake effect snowstorms are also not uncommon on the southeast shore of Lake Erie, which is located in an area designated as the Snowbelt.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
Notable Ohio earthquakes in the 21st century include one occurring on December 31, 2011, approximately northwest of Youngstown, and one occurring on June 10, 2019, approximately north-northwest of Eastlake under Lake Erie; both registered a 4.0 magnitude. Cities. There are 13 metropolitan statistical areas in Ohio, anchored by 16 cities, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
This competition has caused anger in Argentina. The activity has also intruded into some of the area's lucrative crab and shrimp fishing industry. Tourism is gaining importance on Tierra del Fuego island. The region offers mountains, glaciers, forests, fast rivers, waterfalls, ski centres (the most important is Cerro Castor), and the sea, all within short distances.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cerro Castor
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Argentina
coordinates: lat: -54.71666667
lon: -68.01666667
Martin also made an impact at the Tour de France, wearing the white jersey as leader of the young rider classification for twelve days (between stages 3 and 14), and winning the combativity award after finishing second on Stage 20 at the top of Mont Ventoux. He took the bronze medal in the time trial at the UCI Road World Championships at the end of the season. 2010.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mont Ventoux
instance_of: Mountain
countries: France
coordinates: lat: 44.166666666667
lon: 5.2833333333333
He finished on the overall podium at the 2017 Tour of Belgium in third place, before winning the German National Time Trial Championships for the seventh time. He finished eighth overall at the 2017 Tour of Britain, before finishing ninth in the time trial at the 2017 UCI Road World Championships – his worst placing in the event – having criticised the inclusion of an uphill finish on Fløyen.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fløyen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Norway
coordinates: lat: 60.398386
lon: 5.345409
Louis Reichardt. Louis French Reichardt (born June 4, 1942) is a noted American neuroscientist and mountaineer, the first American to summit both Everest and K2.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: K2
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Pakistan
coordinates: lat: 35.881111111111
lon: 76.513333333333
The character of Harold Jameson, U.C.S.F. biophysicist and mountaineer in the film &quot;K2&quot;, is based on Reichardt, though the events of his actual 1978 K2 attempt with Jim Wickwire bear little resemblance to the plot of the film. Notable ascents and expeditions.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: K2
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Pakistan
coordinates: lat: 35.881111111111
lon: 76.513333333333
Flowers are borne in groups of 5–10. Range and habitat. &quot;Cercocarpus fothergilloides&quot; is widely distributed in the states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, and Hidalgo, where it is found in the Sierra Madre Oriental and ranges on the Mexican Plateau. Its estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is large, at 220,293.371 km2.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mexican Plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Mexico
coordinates: lat: 24
lon: -103
The corps advanced through steep mountain slopes, impassable roads, under strong downpours, and over swampy areas. In the course of the Manchurian offensive operation the 87th Rifle Corps moved in into the reserve of the 35th Army formations along the northern shore of Lake Khanka. The 342nd Rifle Division was committed to battle once at the approaches to the Mishan (Japanese) Fortified Region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Khanka
instance_of: Lake
countries: Russia
People's Republic of China
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 45.016666666667
lon: 132.41666666667
Cyphostemma currorii. &quot;Cyphostemma currorii&quot; is a succulent tree belonging to the family Vitaceae, also known as Koba or Butter-tree. They grow and reach a height of 6 meters or more. &quot;Cyphostemma currorii&quot; is found in hot, arid rocky places, and has been seen from southern Angola to Namibia and is common on the Brandberg. Description.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Brandberg
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Namibia
coordinates: lat: -21.1495
lon: 14.5775
The Germans and Austro-Hungarians wanted to transport munitions down the Danube to the Ottoman Empire, so on 24 December 1914, &quot;Bodrog&quot; and the minesweeper &quot;Almos&quot; escorted the steamer &quot;Trinitas&quot; loaded with munitions, the patrol boat &quot;b&quot; and two tugs from Zemun past Belgrade towards the Iron Gates gorge on the Serbian–Romanian border.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Iron Gates
instance_of: Valley
countries: Serbia
Romania
coordinates: lat: 44.671111111111
lon: 22.529722222222
&quot;Looney Tunes&quot; cartoon written and directed by Chuck Jones (credited as M. Charl Jones). The short was released on June 24, 1961, and stars Pepé Le Pew. The title is a play on the phrase &quot;ascent of the Matterhorn.&quot;
Plot. A road-painting wagon comes loose from its driver's carriage. Tumbling down cliffs, it wildly paints white stripes onto a cow, some chickens, and a pig.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Matterhorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.97638888888889
lon: 7.658611111111111
Qiwllaqucha (Lima). Qiwllaqucha (Quechua &quot;qillwa, qiwlla, qiwiña&quot; gull, &quot;qucha&quot; lake, &quot;gull lake&quot;, Hispanicized spelling &quot;Quiulacocha, Quiullacocha&quot;) is a lake in Peru located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Tomas District. It is situated at a height of about, about 1.14 km long and 0.34 km at its widest point.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -10.03527778
lon: -76.38638889
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Lake
Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.85833333
lon: -74.98888889
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -13.1381
lon: -74.7617
surface_form: qiwllaqucha (lima)
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.10027778
lon: -75.74472222
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.96694444
lon: -75.82805556
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.476666666667
lon: -76.485833333333
Qiwllaqucha (Lima). Qiwllaqucha (Quechua &quot;qillwa, qiwlla, qiwiña&quot; gull, &quot;qucha&quot; lake, &quot;gull lake&quot;, Hispanicized spelling &quot;Quiulacocha, Quiullacocha&quot;) is a lake in Peru located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Tomas District. It is situated at a height of about, about 1.14 km long and 0.34 km at its widest point.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -10.03527778
lon: -76.38638889
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Lake
Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.85833333
lon: -74.98888889
surface_form: quiulacocha
instance_of: Lake
Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.85833333
lon: -74.98888889
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -13.1381
lon: -74.7617
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.96694444
lon: -75.82805556
surface_form: qiwllaqucha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.476666666667
lon: -76.485833333333
surface_form: quiullacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -13.87055556
lon: -72.31472222
It is situated at a height of about, about 1.14 km long and 0.34 km at its widest point. Qiwllaqucha lies in the north of the district, south of the lakes Qarwaqucha and Wichqaqucha and north west of the lakes Pachas and Kunturmach'ay.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: qarwaqucha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -10.244722222222
lon: -76.865555555556
From 1827 to 1846 he was an inspector on the Halden watercourse () in Østfold and Akershus. In 1824 he built works from Fredrikshald to enable log transport from Stora Le in Dalsland, Sweden, into the Fredrikshald watershed. Soot built Otteidkanalen, Norway's first canal in Østre Otteid between the years 1825 and 1827.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Stora Le
instance_of: Lake
countries: Sweden
Norway
coordinates: lat: 59.161666666667
lon: 11.879166666667
In 1849 he opened Soot Canal, Norway's first canal with locks. It was built to allow timber to be transported (floated) to the Halden sawmills. The canal was 1.5 km long and had 16 locks which extended from Lake Skjervangen at 185 m above sea level up to Lake Mortsjølungen at 201 m above sea level. This was followed by the Halden Canal for boats.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Skjervangen
instance_of: Lake
countries: Norway
coordinates: lat: 59.907222222222
lon: 11.889444444444
The waters released from the dam follow the downstream route of the Laudot until they join with the rigole de la plaine at Les Thoumazes. The waters continue to the Bassin de Naurouze before entering the canal itself.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bassin de Naurouze
instance_of: Lake
countries: France
coordinates: lat: 43.35255
lon: 1.820942
Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (17 November 1685 – 5 December 1749) was a military officer, fur trader, and explorer. In the 1730s, he and his four sons explored the area west of Lake Superior and established trading posts there. They were part of a process that added Western Canada to the original New France territory that was centred along the Saint Lawrence basin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Superior
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 47.52881611111111
lon: -87.76002194444445
They thought also that travelers could cross the height of land and find a &quot;River of the West&quot; that flowed all the way to the Pacific. (For the area to be explored see Early Canadian canoe routes, Nelson River Basin.)
In 1688 Jacques de Noyon had reached Rainy Lake. In 1717 Zacharie Robutel de La Noue tried to reach Rainy Lake but succeeded only in establishing Fort Kaministiquia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Rainy Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 48.636944444444
lon: -93.031388888889
He learned of the Mandan country on the upper Missouri River. These people were described as white men who lived in big houses. Auchagah, a Cree guide, made a map of the canoe routes between Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg based on his and other Cree experience. La Vérendrye judged correctly that Lake Winnipeg was the geographic key which had to be reached to allow further exploration.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Winnipeg
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 52.116666666667
lon: -97.25
These people were described as white men who lived in big houses. Auchagah, a Cree guide, made a map of the canoe routes between Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg based on his and other Cree experience. La Vérendrye judged correctly that Lake Winnipeg was the geographic key which had to be reached to allow further exploration. In 1730 he met Governor Beauharnois at Quebec and worked out a plan.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Winnipeg
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 52.116666666667
lon: -97.25
According to Pehr Kalm, La Vérendrye was acting upon orders given by de Beauharnois to explore until he could reach the ocean. In 1731 La Vérendrye, three of his sons and 50 engagés left Montreal. That autumn his son Jean-Baptiste built Fort St. Pierre on Rainy Lake. Next year they built Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods, which became his headquarters for the next several years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Rainy Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 48.636944444444
lon: -93.031388888889
In 1731 La Vérendrye, three of his sons and 50 engagés left Montreal. That autumn his son Jean-Baptiste built Fort St. Pierre on Rainy Lake. Next year they built Fort St. Charles on Lake of the Woods, which became his headquarters for the next several years. In 1733 Jean-Baptiste got within 20 miles of Lake Winnipeg but was blocked by ice and lack of supplies.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake of the Woods
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 49.09027777777778
lon: -95.2388888888889
The other was the Missouri River in the Mandan country in what is now North Dakota, United States. The Mandan were said to live in big houses and resemble Frenchmen. La Vérendrye picked the Missouri. In September 1738 he reached Fort Maurepas on Lake Winnipeg and ascended the Assiniboine River to Portage la Prairie, where he built Fort La Reine just south of Lake Manitoba (October 1738).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Manitoba
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.996
lon: -98.762
In the following years, the county lost additional territory. The incorporated town of Berkley as well as the areas of Sewell's Point, Willoughby Spit, and Ocean View were annexed successively by Norfolk. By 1960, the entire area of Norfolk County on the east side of the Elizabeth River north of Virginia Beach Boulevard had been annexed by other jurisdictions.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Willoughby Spit
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.967
lon: -76.282472222222
The Paroo River represents an oasis in the otherwise arid and featureless landscape of the northwest New South Wales and the area has been declared an important Ramsar Site. The main geographic features of the parish are Tongo Lake and the Paroo River, and the parish is near the Norma Downs Cattle Station. The nearest town is Wilcannia, New South Wales.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tongo Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -30.43333
lon: 143.76667
Antora Peak. Antora Peak is a high and prominent mountain summit in the southern Sawatch Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The thirteener is located in Rio Grande National Forest, west-northwest (bearing 295°) of the Town of Bonanza in Saguache County, Colorado, United States.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: antora peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 38.325
lon: -106.218
At this latitude, west of the CVZ, the oceanic Nazca Plate subducts steeply beneath the continental South America Plate in the Peru–Chile Trench. East of the CVZ lies the Altiplano, a plateau with average elevations of. The CVZ contains about 1,100 volcanoes of Cenozoic age, including Parinacota, San Pedro and Tata Sabaya.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Altiplano
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Bolivia
Peru
Chile
Argentina
coordinates: lat: -16.00358
lon: -69.65332
East of the CVZ lies the Altiplano, a plateau with average elevations of. The CVZ contains about 1,100 volcanoes of Cenozoic age, including Parinacota, San Pedro and Tata Sabaya. Many volcanoes in the CVZ have summit heights exceeding, forming the Occidental Cordillera of the Andes at these latitudes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tata Sabaya
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
coordinates: lat: -19.133333333333
lon: -68.5
The Central Andes formed first during the Paleozoic–Eocene and were worn down by erosion during the Oligocene. The recent volcanic activity started during the Miocene and includes major ignimbrite eruptions of dacitic to rhyolitic composition; such large eruptions began 23 million years ago and caused the formation of calderas like Galán. The total volume of this formation exceeds.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Galán
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Argentina
coordinates: lat: -25.933333333333
lon: -66.916666666667
Local. Ollagüe is a stratovolcano and lies isolated slightly east of the main volcanic arc. The volcano is usually covered with snow, which together with yellow and red colours gives Ollagüe a &quot;beautiful&quot; appearance. Other than some past glacial activity, the arid climate of the Altiplano region has kept erosion rates low, meaning that the volcanic edifice is well preserved.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Altiplano
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Bolivia
Peru
Chile
Argentina
coordinates: lat: -16.00358
lon: -69.65332
They lie at distances of and from the summit vent, respectively. The alignment of these subsidiary vents with the summit vents suggests that a N55°W striking lineament influenced their eruption; such channelling of magma along radial fractures has also been observed on other volcanoes such as Medicine Lake volcano, Mount Mazama and South Sister.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
Later the deposit was covered by lake deposits and debris from the piedmont, and evaporites accumulated in depressions within the deposit. Several lake terraces are set into the avalanche deposit, with the traces of the highstand of Lake Tauca being recognizable; thus the sector collapse predates the highstand.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Tauca
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -20
lon: -68
The youngest date was obtained on the youngest dome and shows an age of 65,000 years ago. Tephras identified in the Salar Grande close to the Pacific coast and dated to be less than 330,000 years old may come from Ollagüe or Irruputuncu. The lava flows are best exposed on the western flank and have a grey colour.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Irruputuncu
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Chile
Bolivia
coordinates: lat: -20.733333333333
lon: -68.566666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Future eruptions of Ollagüe may threaten the town of Ollague away and the highway. Sulfur mining and processing. Sulfur deposits on Ollague and neighbouring Aucanquilcha and Olca have been mined. On Ollague, the Santa Cecilia mine is on the northwestern rim of the crater and Santa Rosa mine in its centre. In 1990, it was estimated that of sulfur can be mined at the Santa Rosa mine.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Aucanquilcha
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.220833333333335
lon: -68.46833333333333
surface_form: Olca
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Chile
Bolivia
coordinates: lat: -20.933333333333
lon: -68.483333333333
surface_form: ollague
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Ollagüe. Ollagüe () or Ullawi () is a massive andesite stratovolcano in the Andes on the Bolivia–Chile border, within the Antofagasta Region of Chile and the Potosi Department of Bolivia. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its highest summit is above sea level and features a summit crater that opens to the south.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ullawi
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Later glaciations have formed moraines on the volcano. Name. The original Aymara name of the volcano was &quot;Ullawi&quot;. It is derived from Aymara &quot;ullaña&quot; to see, to look at, to watch, and &quot;wi&quot; which is a nominalizing suffix to indicate a place, thus &quot;viewpoint&quot;. The common name is &quot;Ollagüe&quot;. Other alternate names are Oyague, Ollagua and Oyahué.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ullawi
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The Chilean portion lies in the commune of Ollague, in the El Loa province of the Antofagasta Region, while the Bolivian segment lies in the Potosi department. Towns and human sites close to Ollagüe are Amincha, Buenaventura, Cosca, El Chaco, Ollague and Santa Rosa, and the main road of Ollagüe runs along the western foot of the volcano. The first documented ascent was in 1888.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollague
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The distal segment is also slightly raised compared to the more proximal parts. The collapse deposit covers a surface area of and has a hummocky appearance, similar to the collapse deposit formed by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The avalanche deposit separates the Salar de San Martin from the Salar de Ollague. The younger debris avalanche deposit has a volume of about.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollague
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The volcano is considered to be potentially active because of the fumarolic activity, and SERNAGEOMIN publishes a volcano hazard index for Ollagüe. A seismometer array was deployed in 2010–2011. Future eruptions of Ollagüe may threaten the town of Ollague away and the highway. Sulfur mining and processing. Sulfur deposits on Ollague and neighbouring Aucanquilcha and Olca have been mined.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollague
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
After initial efforts in 1899, 1902 and 1916, in 1932-1936 Luis Borlando set up a company and began to mine sulfur on Ollagüe in response to demand by the saltpeter and copper industries. The Chilean government had been encouraging mining development during the 1930s-1970s, but only after the cessation of mining did it set up the infrastructure of the town of Ollague.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollague
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Ollagüe. Ollagüe () or Ullawi () is a massive andesite stratovolcano in the Andes on the Bolivia–Chile border, within the Antofagasta Region of Chile and the Potosi Department of Bolivia. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its highest summit is above sea level and features a summit crater that opens to the south.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The western rim of the summit crater is formed by a compound of lava domes, the youngest of which features a vigorous fumarole that is visible from afar. Ollagüe is mostly of Pleistocene age. It started developing more than one million years ago, forming the so-called Vinta Loma and Santa Rosa series mostly of andesitic lava flows.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Later two groups of dacitic lava domes formed, Ch'aska Urqu on the southeastern slope and La Celosa on the northwestern. Another centre named La Poruñita formed at that time on the western foot of the volcano, but it is not clear whether it is part of the main Ollagüe system. Activity at the summit continued during this time, forming the El Azufre sequence.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Activity at the summit continued during this time, forming the El Azufre sequence. This phase of edifice growth was interrupted by a major collapse of the western flank of Ollagüe. Debris from the collapse spread in the form of hummocks down the western slope and into an adjacent salt pan, splitting it in two.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Debris from the collapse spread in the form of hummocks down the western slope and into an adjacent salt pan, splitting it in two. The occurrence of this collapse was perhaps facilitated by a major crustal lineament that crosses Ollagüe from southeast to northwest. Later volcanic activity filled up the collapse scar, forming the Santa Cecilia series.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The occurrence of this collapse was perhaps facilitated by a major crustal lineament that crosses Ollagüe from southeast to northwest. Later volcanic activity filled up the collapse scar, forming the Santa Cecilia series. This series includes lava flows as well as a compound lava dome on the western rim of the summit crater, which represent the youngest volcanic activity of Ollagüe.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
This series includes lava flows as well as a compound lava dome on the western rim of the summit crater, which represent the youngest volcanic activity of Ollagüe. While there is no clear evidence of historical eruptions at Ollagüe, the volcano is considered to be potentially active and is monitored by the National Geology and Mining Service (SERNAGEOMIN) of Chile.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Local. Ollagüe is a stratovolcano and lies isolated slightly east of the main volcanic arc. The volcano is usually covered with snow, which together with yellow and red colours gives Ollagüe a &quot;beautiful&quot; appearance. Other than some past glacial activity, the arid climate of the Altiplano region has kept erosion rates low, meaning that the volcanic edifice is well preserved.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
These lava domes feature landslide deposits and lava flows that emanate from the foot of the dome. Originally they were considered to be a single lava dome, before it was found that the dome is formed by four individual domes. Just north of the summit crater lies another semicircular crater rim which encircles the summit crater on its northern side and whose high point is high Ollagüe North.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
A normal fault runs across the main edifice but is not aligned with these adventive vents, and the Pastos Grandes-Lipez-Coranzuli lineament intersects with the volcanic arc at Ollagüe. Fault scarps are found on the northwestern and southeastern side of the edifice.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Fault scarps are found on the northwestern and southeastern side of the edifice. Overall, northwest trending lineaments exercised a strong influence on the tectonic development of Ollagüe, and may be the path that feeder dykes of the more recent eruptions followed. The basement undergoes extension perpendicularly to the lineament.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
It lies at an elevation of, is constructed out of tephra and formed on the sector collapse deposit. Farther up on the edifice, two cinder cones are found just north and west of the highest summit of Ollagüe. Older volcanic centres around Ollagüe are Cerro Chijliapichina southwest (also known as Cerro Peineta), Cerro Canchajapichina south and Wanaku east of the volcano.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Farther up on the edifice, two cinder cones are found just north and west of the highest summit of Ollagüe. Older volcanic centres around Ollagüe are Cerro Chijliapichina southwest (also known as Cerro Peineta), Cerro Canchajapichina south and Wanaku east of the volcano. These centres are unrelated to Ollagüe and were deeply affected by glaciation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The Carcote ignimbrite originally formed a plateau that extended around the volcano. Off the western foot of Ollagüe lies a smaller volcanic centre that forms an effusive shield. The Salar de Ollague is located due north, while the Salar de San Martin lies southwest and Salar de Chiguana northeast of Ollagüe. They are situated at elevations of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
They are situated at elevations of. The Salar de San Martin and the Salar de Ascotán farther south form a northwest–southeast trending graben delimited by the same normal fault that crosses the edifice of Ollagüe. A ring plain formed by debris shed from Ollagüe surrounds the volcano. Glaciation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Ollagüe lies in one of the driest regions of South America. Thus, the present-day snowline is higher than the volcano. Underground ice deposits have been found on Ollagüe; presumably they form through evaporation cooling. Ollagüe has experienced glacial activity. Moraines are found on top of young lava flows and glacial valleys cut into the slopes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Indeed, pyroclastic materials have been found at the foot of the volcano within the collapse deposit, where they fill small depressions. These materials are formed by several units of pumice and ash, generated by fallout and lava dome collapses. The sector collapse was probably caused by the edifice oversteepening as it grew, with Ollagüe reaching a critical height before the collapse.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Hydrothermally altered breccia with block sizes of several from the first collapse fills a valley on the western slope of the volcano. Compared to the younger collapse, they are much narrower and have a highly unusual rectilinear form. These collapses occurred about 450,000 years ago along the strike of a normal fault that cuts across Ollagüe. Like in the young collapse, the summit was unaffected.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
The overall magma temperatures ranged for the andesitic and dacitic magmas and in the basaltic andesite. The magmas became cooler over time, with the post-collapse magmas being colder than the pre-collapse eruptive products. Variations in temperature between the outside and the inside of phenocrysts suggest that the magma chamber of Ollagüe was occasionally reheated by fresh magmas.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Probably, it was in part hydrothermally altered upper crustal rock, and in part Miocene age ignimbrites that crop out close to the volcano in Bolivia. Crystal fractionation with some minor contamination by crustal components is probably the most satisfactory explanation for the magma chemistry of Ollagüe. It is however difficult to tell the relative importance of contamination vs. assimilation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Eruption history. Not many radiometric dates have been obtained on Ollagüe. Most dates are younger than one million years. One proposed timeline subdivides the volcano into three stages: Ollagüe I between 1.2 million and 900,000 years ago, Ollagüe II 900,000–600,000 years ago and Ollagüe III 400,000 years ago to present.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
One proposed timeline subdivides the volcano into three stages: Ollagüe I between 1.2 million and 900,000 years ago, Ollagüe II 900,000–600,000 years ago and Ollagüe III 400,000 years ago to present. La Poruñita, once considered of Holocene age, has been dated at 680,000 ± 200,000 to 420,000 ± 200,000 years ago; it is also not clear if it belongs to the Ollagüe volcanic system.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
However, a long and wide lava flow extending from the youngest summit lava dome appears to post-date glaciation, and the dome itself is also unmodified. An uncertain report of an eruption on 3 December 1903 exists, as well as on 8 October 1927 when the population of Ollagüe fled for several days. Increased fumarolic activity was observed in 1854, 1888, 1889, and 1960.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667
Increased fumarolic activity was observed in 1854, 1888, 1889, and 1960. Substantial earthquake activity occurs at Ollagüe in a diffuse pattern around the volcano, sometimes in the form of seismic swarms. The volcano is considered to be potentially active because of the fumarolic activity, and SERNAGEOMIN publishes a volcano hazard index for Ollagüe. A seismometer array was deployed in 2010–2011.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ollagüe
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bolivia
Chile
coordinates: lat: -21.3
lon: -68.166666666667