Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
Course. The Niangua River is formed in Webster County by the confluence of its short east and west forks, and flows generally northward through Dallas, Laclede and Camden counties, past Bennett Spring, Lake Niangua, and Ha Ha Tonka State Parks. It flows into the Osage River as an arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, which is formed by the Bagnell Dam on the Osage.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Niangua
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.932216666667
lon: -92.851716666667
The river's name, meaning &quot;bear&quot; or &quot;winding stream of many springs,&quot; reflects its connection to the Osage Indians and the natural beauty of the Ozarks region. White settlers arrived after the Louisiana Purchase, transforming the area into a hub of farming, logging, and eventually, water-powered mills.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Ozarks
instance_of: Plateau
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.1822
lon: -92.5159
Baker helped to shape the surf apparel industry as president and chief executive of Ocean Pacific, also known as OP. Early life. Baker was born on September 3, 1946, in Los Angeles. He grew up in the San Fernando Valley and earned his bachelor's degree from California State University, Northridge. Career. Baker first entered the apparel industry as a college student.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Fernando Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.155833333333334
lon: -118.28777777777778
1996 eruption of Gjálp. Between 30 September and 13 October 1996, an Icelandic hyaloclastite ridge named Gjálp () erupted. Located under the Vatnajökull glacier shield, its present form resulted from the eruptions, and it is likely part of the Grímsvötn volcanic system.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Grímsvötn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.42
lon: -17.33
Located under the Vatnajökull glacier shield, its present form resulted from the eruptions, and it is likely part of the Grímsvötn volcanic system. However, not all scientists are of this opinion, as seismic studies are consistent with a lateral dike intrusion at about depth from Bárðarbunga being the trigger event.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bárðarbunga
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.640833333333
lon: -17.527777777778
Eruption location. The subglacial eruption fissure is to be found in the northwest corner of Vatnajökull ice cap more or less halfway between the central volcanoes Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn. It is also to the west of the Hamarinn central volcano of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system which has the Loki Ridge extending west–east which has been assigned historically to the Loki-Fögrufjöll volcano.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bárðarbunga
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.640833333333
lon: -17.527777777778
surface_form: Grímsvötn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.42
lon: -17.33
The subglacial eruption fissure is to be found in the northwest corner of Vatnajökull ice cap more or less halfway between the central volcanoes Bárðarbunga and Grímsvötn. It is also to the west of the Hamarinn central volcano of the Bárðarbunga volcanic system which has the Loki Ridge extending west–east which has been assigned historically to the Loki-Fögrufjöll volcano. Vatnajökull ice cap.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loki-Fögrufjöll
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.480277777778
lon: -17.832222222222
Parts of two volcanic zones of Iceland are placed under Vatnajökull, i.e. the very active East Volcanic Zone (connected to rifting at the divergent plate boundary in Iceland), responsible for the highest number of eruptions after deglaciation and with the mantle plume probably under Bárðarbunga, i.e. under Vatnajökull.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bárðarbunga
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.640833333333
lon: -17.527777777778
The seismological study sees a parallel to the 2014–2015 eruptions and to the caldera drop in Bárðarbunga central volcano in that eruption, and postulate a similar magma migration to the eruption site though on a smaller scale. This could mean that the volcano is part of the fissure system of Bárðarbunga, not Grímsvötn.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Grímsvötn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.42
lon: -17.33
Bárðarbunga is known for such tendencies, as its magma mingled with Torfajökull magma at least three times in the past which resulted in bimodal eruptions, e.g. of the Veiðivötn and at Landmannalaugar by the end of the 15th century. Formation of the tindar volcano. The Gjálp eruption took place at a some kilometers long known fissure under of glacier ice within Vatnajökull.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Veiðivötn
instance_of: Lake
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.11613889
lon: -18.84797222
The eruption fissure had a length of. The location is some kilometers to the north of Grímsvötn caldera. In the beginning, a long N–S trending depression was formed above the fissure, with time three ice cauldrons were built at each end and in the middle, but the eruption concentrated later on one of them where a wide crater came to light.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Grímsvötn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.42
lon: -17.33
Eruption products. The eruptive products consisted of predominantly basaltic andesite which surprised the scientists as these more evolved rocks are neither typical for Bárðarbunga nor for Grímsvötn, both more connected to basaltic volcanism. Some scientists thought therefore that Gjálp could be an independent volcano.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bárðarbunga
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.640833333333
lon: -17.527777777778
surface_form: Grímsvötn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iceland
coordinates: lat: 64.42
lon: -17.33
Hancock argues that archaeologists are resistant to new ideas. Feder points out that in two episodes of the Netflix series Hancock says that &quot;mainstream archaeologists don't like to acknowledge Hancock's view that the Serpent Mound in Ohio is astronomically aligned. But visitor signage clearly describes some astronomical alignments and a 1998 publication by Brad Lepper also described them.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Serpent Mound
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.025858
lon: -83.430444
In May 1918, the Ottomans crossed the river of Arpachay (Akhuryan) to wage a brief war against the Yerevan Republic. One column seized the city of Alexandropol and advanced north towards Mount Aragats, where 80 Yazidis got massacred in Pampa Kurda (Sipan). Demographics. The village is mostly populated by Yazidi Kurds.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Aragats
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Armenia
coordinates: lat: 40.523055555556
lon: 44.195277777778
Description. Nestor Peak is situated west of the Continental Divide in the Mitchell Range which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies. Precipitation runoff from the peak's north slope drains into headwaters of the Simpson River and the west slope is drained by Surprise Creek (a Simpson tributary).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nestor peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.955
lon: -115.723
Nestor Peak. Nestor Peak is a mountain summit located in Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park of British Columbia, Canada. Description. Nestor Peak is situated west of the Continental Divide in the Mitchell Range which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: assiniboine
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.86972222222222
lon: -115.6511111111111
surface_form: mount assiniboine
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.86972222222222
lon: -115.6511111111111
surface_form: columbia
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 52.1475
lon: -117.44055555555556
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
surface_form: nestor peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.955
lon: -115.723
Etymology. The mountain was named in 1916 by interprovincial boundary surveyors after, a destroyer sunk in the Battle of Jutland during World War I. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on March 3, 1960, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology. Nestor Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
Nestor Peak. Nestor Peak is a mountain summit located in Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park of British Columbia, Canada. Description. Nestor Peak is situated west of the Continental Divide in the Mitchell Range which is a sub-range of the Canadian Rockies.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nestor peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.955
lon: -115.723
Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 970 metres (3,182 ft) above the Simpson River in and 670 metres (2,198 ft) above Nestor Lake in. Nestor Peak rises immediately northeast of Ferro Pass, and the nearest higher neighbor is Indian Peak, to the southwest on the opposite side of the pass. Etymology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nestor peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.955
lon: -115.723
The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on March 3, 1960, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Geology. Nestor Peak is composed of sedimentary rock laid down during the Precambrian to Jurassic periods. Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nestor peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.955
lon: -115.723
Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was pushed east and over the top of younger rock during the Laramide orogeny. Climate. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Nestor Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nestor peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.955
lon: -115.723
Mount Berlin. Mount Berlin is a glacier-covered volcano in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, from the Amundsen Sea. It is a roughly mountain with parasitic vents that consists of two coalesced volcanoes: Berlin proper with the Berlin Crater and Merrem Peak with a crater, away from Berlin. The summit of the volcano is above sea level. It has a volume of and rises from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Merrem Peak
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -136.05
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The volcano began erupting during the Pliocene and was active into the late Pleistocene and the Holocene. Several tephra layers encountered in ice cores all over Antarctica – but in particular at Mount Moulton – have been linked to Mount Berlin, which is the most important source of such tephras in the region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
It is named after Leonard M. Berlin, who led the 1940 research visit to the mountain. Mount Berlin reaches a height of above sea level, making it the highest volcano in the Flood Range. It is the western end of the range; Wells Saddle separates it from Mount Moulton volcano farther east. Mount Berlin's peak is above the highest local elevation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Wells Saddle
instance_of: Landform
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.583
surface_form: Mount Moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
surface_form: moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
Mount Berlin's peak is above the highest local elevation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The summit crater (Berlin Crater) is wide and has sharply defined, ice-crowned edges; the highest point of the volcano is on the southeastern margin. Mount Berlin consists of two overlapping edifices: Mount Berlin proper and Merrem Peak west-northwest. Merrem Peak is about high and has a crater at its summit.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Merrem Peak
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -136.05
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
This structure formed phreatomagmatically; it was formerly interpreted as a subglacial hyaloclastite. Other topographical locations on Mount Berlin are Fields Peak on the northern flank, Kraut Rocks at the west-southwestern foot, Walts Cliff on the northeastern flank and Wedemeyer Rocks at the southern foot. The existence of tuyas has been reported from Mount Berlin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fields Peak
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -75.9833
lon: -135.933
surface_form: Wedemeyer Rocks
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.1
lon: -135.933
surface_form: southern
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.2
lon: -76.4667
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Four volcanoes in the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province – Mount Berlin, Mount Siple, Mount Takahe and Mount Waesche – were classified as &quot;possibly or potentially active&quot; in the 1990 Antarctic Research Series by LeMasurier et al., and active subglacial volcanoes have been identified on the basis of aerophysical surveys.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Siple
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -73.433333333333
lon: -126.66666666667
surface_form: Mount Takahe
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.3
lon: -112.1
surface_form: Mount Waesche
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -77.166666666667
lon: -126.9
surface_form: takahe
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.3
lon: -112.1
surface_form: waesche
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -77.166666666667
lon: -126.9
surface_form: siple
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -73.433333333333
lon: -126.66666666667
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The volcano underwent a surge in activity between 35,000/40,000 and 18,000/20,000 years ago. Despite their size, the eruptions at Mount Berlin did not significantly impact the climate. The eruption history of Mount Berlin is recorded in outcrops on the volcano, in a blue-ice area on Mount Moulton, away, at Mount Waesche, in ice cores and in marine sediment cores from the Southern Ocean.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
surface_form: waesche
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -77.166666666667
lon: -126.9
surface_form: mount waesche
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -77.166666666667
lon: -126.9
surface_form: southern
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.2
lon: -76.4667
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
surface_form: moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
A 694±7 before present tephra layer found in the TALDICE ice core in East Antarctica may come from Mount Berlin or from Mount Melbourne and may have been erupted at the same time as an eruption of The Pleiades. Roosevelt Island has yielded glass shards that may come from a 227 CE eruption. Last eruption and present-day activity.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Melbourne
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.333333333333
lon: 164.7
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount melbourne
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.333333333333
lon: 164.7
surface_form: the pleiades
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -72.666666666667
lon: 165.5
surface_form: pleiades
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -72.666666666667
lon: 165.5
The patterns of tephra deposition indicate that westerly winds transported tephra from Mount Berlin over Antarctica. During the last 100,000 years Mount Berlin has been more active than Mount Takahe, the other major source of tephra in the West Antarctic, but activity at Berlin was episodic rather than steady.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: takahe
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.3
lon: -112.1
surface_form: mount takahe
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.3
lon: -112.1
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Volcanic activity appears to take place in three phases, an early mafic phase, often followed by a second felsic phase. End-stage volcanism occurs in the form of small cone-forming eruptions. Ignimbrites are rare in Marie Byrd Land; the outcrop on the southeastern flank of Mount Berlin is an uncommon exception.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: small
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -70.5
lon: 64.7
Mafic rocks have been reported from flank vents, basanite and hawaiite from Mefford Knoll, benmoreite from the southeastern flank at Wedemeyer Rocks, phonotephrite from Brandenberger Bluff, and mugearite without any particular locality. Phenocrysts make up only a small portion of the volume and consist mostly of alkali feldspar, with subordinate apatite, fayalite, hedenbergite and opaque minerals.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: small
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -70.5
lon: 64.7
Groundmass include basanite, mafic rocks, trachyte and trachy-phonolite. Xenoliths are also recorded. The magma erupted from Mount Berlin appears to have originated in the form of discrete small batches rather than in one large magma chamber. The composition of volcanic rocks varied between eruptions and probably also during different phases of the same eruption.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: small
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -70.5
lon: 64.7
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Despite this, the volcano is considered to be well-exposed in comparison to other volcanoes in the region. Monogenetic volcanoes on the northern flank of Mount Berlin have generated two outcrops of mafic lava and scoria, one of which is found at Mefford Knoll on a linear vent. On the southeastern flank, a fiamme-rich ignimbrite crops out and is correlated to a flank vent on the northeastern flank.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: rich
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -79.7833
lon: 158.8
They were formed by pyroclastic fallout during eruptions, which mantled the topography. As eruption characteristics changed, these processes generated distinct deposits. Tuff deposits containing lapilli and volcanic ash-rich pyroclastic deposits in the crater rim were erupted during hydromagmatic events. Some lava flows feature levee-like forms at their margins.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: rich
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -79.7833
lon: 158.8
Geography and geomorphology. Mount Berlin lies in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, inland from the Hobbs Coast of the Amundsen Sea. The volcano was studied during field trips in December 1940, November 1967, November–December 1977 and 19941995. It is named after Leonard M. Berlin, who led the 1940 research visit to the mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: field
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -80.88333
lon: 158
Mount Berlin. Mount Berlin is a glacier-covered volcano in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, from the Amundsen Sea. It is a roughly mountain with parasitic vents that consists of two coalesced volcanoes: Berlin proper with the Berlin Crater and Merrem Peak with a crater, away from Berlin. The summit of the volcano is above sea level. It has a volume of and rises from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: amundsen
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -67.233333333333
lon: 100.75
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Presently, fumarolic activity occurs at Mount Berlin and forms ice towers from freezing steam. Geography and geomorphology. Mount Berlin lies in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, inland from the Hobbs Coast of the Amundsen Sea. The volcano was studied during field trips in December 1940, November 1967, November–December 1977 and 19941995. It is named after Leonard M.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: amundsen
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -67.233333333333
lon: 100.75
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Dusty layers in ice cores have also been linked to Mount Berlin and other volcanoes in Antarctica. Chronology. Several tephra layers between 18,100 and 55,400 years old, found in Siple Dome ice cores, resemble those of Mount Berlin, as do tephras emplaced 9,346 and 2,067 BCE (interval 3.0 years) in the Siple Dome A ice core.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: siple
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -73.433333333333
lon: -126.66666666667
surface_form: siple
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -73.433333333333
lon: -126.66666666667
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The summit of the volcano is above sea level. It has a volume of and rises from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It is part of the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province. Trachyte is the dominant volcanic rock and occurs in the form of lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The volcano began erupting during the Pliocene and was active into the late Pleistocene and the Holocene.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
The volcanic province is related to the West Antarctic Rift which is interpreted as a rift or as a plate boundary. The West Antarctic Rift has been volcanically and tectonically active over the past 3025 million years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
Phonolite was erupted early during volcanic evolution and followed by trachyte during the Quaternary. A long-term trend in iron and sulfur of the tephras may indicate a tendency towards more primitive magma compositions. Eruption history. Mount Berlin was active from the Pliocene into the Holocene. The oldest parts are found at Wedemeyer Rocks and Brandenberger Bluff and are 2.7 million years old.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
Last eruption and present-day activity. The date of the last eruption of Mount Berlin is unclear but the Global Volcanism Program gives a date of 10,300±5,300 BP. Because of its Holocene activity, the volcano is considered active and several volcano tectonic earthquakes have been recorded on Mount Berlin. Mount Berlin is geothermally active, the only volcano in Marie Byrd Land with such activity.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Eruptions of Berlin include both effusive eruptions, that emplaced cinder cones and lava flows, and intense explosive eruptions (Plinian eruptions) which generated eruption columns up to high. Such eruptions would have injected tephra into the stratosphere and deposited it across the southern Pacific Ocean and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: southern
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.2
lon: -76.4667
End-stage volcanism occurs in the form of small cone-forming eruptions. Ignimbrites are rare in Marie Byrd Land; the outcrop on the southeastern flank of Mount Berlin is an uncommon exception. Activity in the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province began during the middle Miocene and continued into the later Quaternary; argon-argon dating yielded ages as young as 8,200 years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: young
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -84.45
lon: 179.8
Mount Berlin. Mount Berlin is a glacier-covered volcano in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, from the Amundsen Sea. It is a roughly mountain with parasitic vents that consists of two coalesced volcanoes: Berlin proper with the Berlin Crater and Merrem Peak with a crater, away from Berlin. The summit of the volcano is above sea level. It has a volume of and rises from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The tephra layers were formed by explosive eruptions that generated high eruption columns. Presently, fumarolic activity occurs at Mount Berlin and forms ice towers from freezing steam. Geography and geomorphology. Mount Berlin lies in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica, inland from the Hobbs Coast of the Amundsen Sea.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The volcano was studied during field trips in December 1940, November 1967, November–December 1977 and 19941995. It is named after Leonard M. Berlin, who led the 1940 research visit to the mountain. Mount Berlin reaches a height of above sea level, making it the highest volcano in the Flood Range.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
It is named after Leonard M. Berlin, who led the 1940 research visit to the mountain. Mount Berlin reaches a height of above sea level, making it the highest volcano in the Flood Range. It is the western end of the range; Wells Saddle separates it from Mount Moulton volcano farther east. Mount Berlin's peak is above the highest local elevation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
It is the western end of the range; Wells Saddle separates it from Mount Moulton volcano farther east. Mount Berlin's peak is above the highest local elevation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The summit crater (Berlin Crater) is wide and has sharply defined, ice-crowned edges; the highest point of the volcano is on the southeastern margin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Mount Berlin's peak is above the highest local elevation of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The summit crater (Berlin Crater) is wide and has sharply defined, ice-crowned edges; the highest point of the volcano is on the southeastern margin. Mount Berlin consists of two overlapping edifices: Mount Berlin proper and Merrem Peak west-northwest. Merrem Peak is about high and has a crater at its summit.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Merrem Peak is about high and has a crater at its summit. These craters are aligned eastwest, like other Flood Range calderas. Mount Berlin has variously been described as a composite volcano, shield volcano or stratovolcano with a volume of about. The entire combined edifice has a length of about. Its slopes have inclinations of about 12–13°.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Despite this, the volcano is considered to be well-exposed in comparison to other volcanoes in the region. Monogenetic volcanoes on the northern flank of Mount Berlin have generated two outcrops of mafic lava and scoria, one of which is found at Mefford Knoll on a linear vent. On the southeastern flank, a fiamme-rich ignimbrite crops out and is correlated to a flank vent on the northeastern flank.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Other topographical locations on Mount Berlin are Fields Peak on the northern flank, Kraut Rocks at the west-southwestern foot, Walts Cliff on the northeastern flank and Wedemeyer Rocks at the southern foot. The existence of tuyas has been reported from Mount Berlin. According to a 1972 report, tephra overlies ice at some sites.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Many of these volcanoes form distinct volcanic chains, such as the Executive Committee Range where volcanic activity has shifted westward at a rate of about. Such a movement is also apparent in the Flood Range, where activity migrated from Mount Moulton to Mount Berlin. This movement appears to reflect the propagation of crustal fractures, as plate motion is extremely slow in the region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
surface_form: moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
End-stage volcanism occurs in the form of small cone-forming eruptions. Ignimbrites are rare in Marie Byrd Land; the outcrop on the southeastern flank of Mount Berlin is an uncommon exception. Activity in the Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province began during the middle Miocene and continued into the later Quaternary; argon-argon dating yielded ages as young as 8,200 years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The basement crops out near the coast and consists of Paleozoic rocks with intruded Cretaceous and Devonian granites which were flattened by erosion, leaving a Cretaceous erosion surface on which volcanoes rest. The volcanic activity at Mount Berlin may ultimately relate to the presence of a mantle plume that is impinging onto the crust in Marie Byrd Land. Local deposits.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Local deposits. Two pyroclastic fallout deposits crop out in the crater rim, reaching thicknesses of. Other outcrops of fallout deposits occur at Merrem Peak. The Mount Berlin deposits reach thicknesses of more than close to the crater, diminishing to at Merrem Peak. They were formed by pyroclastic fallout during eruptions, which mantled the topography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Some lava flows feature levee-like forms at their margins. In the past, certain fallout deposits in the crater rim were thought to be lava flows. Hyalotuff, obsidian and pumice have been recovered from Mount Berlin. Both welded and unwelded pyroclastic and tuffaceous breccias are present. They consist of lava bombs, lithic rocks, obsidian fragments and pumice.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Hyalotuff, obsidian and pumice have been recovered from Mount Berlin. Both welded and unwelded pyroclastic and tuffaceous breccias are present. They consist of lava bombs, lithic rocks, obsidian fragments and pumice. Hyaloclastite occurs around the base of Mount Berlin. Composition. Most volcanic rocks of Mount Berlin define a trachyte suite, which features both comendite and pantellerite.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Both welded and unwelded pyroclastic and tuffaceous breccias are present. They consist of lava bombs, lithic rocks, obsidian fragments and pumice. Hyaloclastite occurs around the base of Mount Berlin. Composition. Most volcanic rocks of Mount Berlin define a trachyte suite, which features both comendite and pantellerite. Phonolite is less common.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The oldest parts are found at Wedemeyer Rocks and Brandenberger Bluff and are 2.7 million years old. Activity then took place at Merrem Peak between 571,000 and 141,000 years ago; during this phase eruptions also occurred on the flanks of Mount Berlin. After 25,500 years ago activity shifted to Mount Berlin proper and the volcano grew by more than.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Activity then took place at Merrem Peak between 571,000 and 141,000 years ago; during this phase eruptions also occurred on the flanks of Mount Berlin. After 25,500 years ago activity shifted to Mount Berlin proper and the volcano grew by more than. Over time, volcanic activity on Mount Berlin has moved in a south-southeast direction.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
After 25,500 years ago activity shifted to Mount Berlin proper and the volcano grew by more than. Over time, volcanic activity on Mount Berlin has moved in a south-southeast direction. Eruptions of Berlin include both effusive eruptions, that emplaced cinder cones and lava flows, and intense explosive eruptions (Plinian eruptions) which generated eruption columns up to high.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
After 25,500 years ago activity shifted to Mount Berlin proper and the volcano grew by more than. Over time, volcanic activity on Mount Berlin has moved in a south-southeast direction. Eruptions of Berlin include both effusive eruptions, that emplaced cinder cones and lava flows, and intense explosive eruptions (Plinian eruptions) which generated eruption columns up to high.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Such eruptions would have injected tephra into the stratosphere and deposited it across the southern Pacific Ocean and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The patterns of tephra deposition indicate that westerly winds transported tephra from Mount Berlin over Antarctica.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The volcano underwent a surge in activity between 35,000/40,000 and 18,000/20,000 years ago. Despite their size, the eruptions at Mount Berlin did not significantly impact the climate. The eruption history of Mount Berlin is recorded in outcrops on the volcano, in a blue-ice area on Mount Moulton, away, at Mount Waesche, in ice cores and in marine sediment cores from the Southern Ocean.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The eruption history of Mount Berlin is recorded in outcrops on the volcano, in a blue-ice area on Mount Moulton, away, at Mount Waesche, in ice cores and in marine sediment cores from the Southern Ocean. Several tephra layers found in ice cores all across Antarctica have been attributed to West Antarctic volcanoes and in particular to Mount Berlin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Tephras deposited by this volcano have been used to date ice cores, establishing that ice at Mount Moulton is at least 492,000 years old and thus the oldest ice of West Antarctica. Dusty layers in ice cores have also been linked to Mount Berlin and other volcanoes in Antarctica. Chronology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The marine &quot;Tephra B&quot; and &quot;Tephra C&quot; layers may also come from Mount Berlin but statistical methods have not supported such a relationship at least for &quot;Tephra B&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Mount Berlin is geothermally active, the only volcano in Marie Byrd Land with such activity. Steaming ice towers are found on the western and northern rim of Berlin Crater. Their existence was first reported in 1968; ice towers form when fumarole exhalations freeze in the cold Antarctic atmosphere and are a characteristic trait of Antarctic volcanoes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
A more than ice cave begins at one of these ice towers; temperatures of over have been recorded on the cave floor. These geothermal environments may host geothermal habitats similar to those in Victoria Land and at Deception Island, but Mount Berlin is remote and has never been studied in this regard.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
surface_form: mount berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
Several tephra layers found in ice cores all across Antarctica have been attributed to West Antarctic volcanoes and in particular to Mount Berlin. Tephras deposited by this volcano have been used to date ice cores, establishing that ice at Mount Moulton is at least 492,000 years old and thus the oldest ice of West Antarctica.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
surface_form: moulton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.05
lon: -135.13333333333
John Mackintosh (philanthropist). John Mackintosh GMH (15 July 1865 – 28 February 1940) was a Gibraltarian philanthropist and benefactor. He made his money selling coal to the British navy. Mackintosh left his money to charitable institutions such as the Jewish Homes and Mount Alvernia charities which provide residential care for the elderly of Gibraltar. Early life.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Alvernia
instance_of: Mountain
countries: The Bahamas
coordinates: lat: 24.294166666667
lon: -75.408333333333
Cerastoderma glaucum. &quot;Cerastoderma glaucum&quot;, the lagoon cockle, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Cardiidae, the cockles. This species is found along the coasts of Europe and North Africa, including the Mediterranean and Black Seas and the Caspian Sea, and the low-salinity Baltic Sea. It is a euryhaline species living in salinities 4-100 ‰.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Caspian Sea
instance_of: Body of water
Lake
countries: Iran
Russia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42
lon: 50.5
Unlike many other lunar features named by the Apollo astronauts, the name of the mountain is not formally recognized by the International Astronomical Union. However, Duke Island and other informal features such as nearby Boot Hill or Mount Marilyn (within Montes Secchi) were significant landmarks used by the astronauts for navigation to the first landing site.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Marilyn
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 1.13
lon: 40
surface_form: Montes Secchi
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 2.72
lon: 43.17
surface_form: boot hill
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 0.6
lon: 30.22
surface_form: duke island
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 0.06277777777777778
lon: 29.545555555555556
Duke Island (lunar mountain). Duke Island is a small lunar mountain that is located in Mare Tranquillitatis, about 64 km southwest of the crater Maskelyne, and about 188 km east of the Apollo 11 landing site. Unlike many other lunar features named by the Apollo astronauts, the name of the mountain is not formally recognized by the International Astronomical Union.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: small
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -70.5
lon: 64.7
surface_form: duke island
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 0.06277777777777778
lon: 29.545555555555556
Duke Island (lunar mountain). Duke Island is a small lunar mountain that is located in Mare Tranquillitatis, about 64 km southwest of the crater Maskelyne, and about 188 km east of the Apollo 11 landing site. Unlike many other lunar features named by the Apollo astronauts, the name of the mountain is not formally recognized by the International Astronomical Union.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: duke island (lunar mountain)
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 0.06277777777777778
lon: 29.545555555555556
Non-native colonies. Conures are highly adaptable to urban environments, and several non-native colonies have been observed globally. The exact origins of such colonies are generally unverifiable. Hawaii. A colony of cherry-headed conures lives around the slopes of Diamond Head. There also appears to be at least one colony living on the west side of the Big Island of Hawaii. Seattle, Washington.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Diamond Head
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 21.259722222222
lon: -157.81175
Santa Clara County, California. Multiple colonies of cherry-headed and/or mitred conures thrive in and around Santa Clara County. In particular Sunnyvale, Cupertino (especially around the Apple Campus), and Palo Alto. Los Angeles, California. Multiple colonies of cherry-headed conures live in the San Gabriel Valley (the suburbs northeast of Los Angeles). Subtropical U.S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Gabriel Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.101944444444
lon: -118.10277777778
Encephalartos laurentianus. &quot;Encephalartos laurentianus&quot;, commonly called the malele or Kwango giant cycad, is a species of cycad that is native to northern Angola and southern Democratic Republic of Congo, along their common border on the Kwango River. Description.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kwango River
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Angola
Democratic Republic of the Congo
coordinates: lat: -3.3713888888889
lon: 17.358055555556
Torre de las Llastrias. The Torre de las Llastrias is a mountain in the Cantabrian Mountains located in the central massif of the Picos de Europa. It has an elevation of 2603 meters. It is situated between the Torre del Llambrión (separated from it by the &quot;Tiro Callejo&quot; pass) and the Torre del Hoyo Grande. Administratively, it belongs to the municipality of Posada de Valdeón in León.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: torre de las llastrias
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 43.175666666666665
lon: -4.856816666666667
Administratively, it belongs to the municipality of Posada de Valdeón in León. There is some controversy regarding the elevation of this mountain, as according to the map of the National Geographic Institute (IGN), the Torre de las Llastrias measures 2603 and, according to the official map of Picos de Europa drawn by Miguel Ángel Adrados, 2621.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: torre de las llastrias
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 43.175666666666665
lon: -4.856816666666667
However, by comparison with other nearby elevations, such as the Torre del Llambrión, the first of the two measurements is more convincing. Access routes. One of the mountaineering routes to reach the Torre de las Llastrias starts from the upper station of &quot;El Cable&quot;, above Fuente Dé (Cantabria).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: torre de las llastrias
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Spain
coordinates: lat: 43.175666666666665
lon: -4.856816666666667
Roter See (bei Kakeldütt). Roter See (bei Kakeldütt) is a lake in Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburgische Seenplatte, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 59.6 m, its surface area is 0.11 km².

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: roter see (bei kakeldütt)
instance_of: Lake
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.3419
lon: 12.9222