Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
By 1900, the Inland Traction Company ran south from Perkasie to Lansdale, and the Montgomery Traction Company ran from there to Norristown. In 1901, a newly-formed Philadelphia and Lehigh Valley Traction Company under Johnson merged these lines and others in the Lehigh and Delaware Valleys with the plan of creating a trolley system to reach north to New York City.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lehigh
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.7
lon: -75.5
It is the longest river of Tibet and the fifth longest in China. The upper section is also called Dangque Zangbu meaning &quot;Horse River&quot;. Originating from the Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley and Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon before passing into the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Dangque Zangbu
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 29.6
lon: 84.15
It is the longest river of Tibet and the fifth longest in China. The upper section is also called Dangque Zangbu meaning &quot;Horse River&quot;. Originating from the Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley and Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon before passing into the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Kailash
instance_of: Mountain
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 31.066944444444
lon: 81.312777777778
surface_form: Lake Manasarovar
instance_of: Lake
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 30.666666666667
lon: 81.5
Downstream from Arunachal Pradesh, the river becomes far wider and is called the Siang. After reaching Assam, the river is known as the Brahmaputra. When leaving the Tibetan Plateau, the river forms the world's largest and deepest canyon, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon. Description. The Yarlung Tsangpo River is the highest major river in the world. Its longest tributary is the Nyang River.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tibetan Plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 33
lon: 88
The basin of the Yarlung River, bounded by the Himalayas in the south and Kang Rinpoche and Nyenchen Tanglha Mountains in the north, has less severe climate than the adjacent northern (and higher-altitude) parts of Tibet, and is home to most of the population of the Tibetan Autonomous Region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kang Rinpoche
instance_of: Mountain
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 31.066944444444
lon: 81.312777777778
The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, formed by a horse-shoe bend in the river where it leaves the Tibetan Plateau and flows around Namcha Barwa, is the deepest, and possibly longest canyon in the world. The Yarlung Tsangpo River has three major waterfalls in its course.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tibetan Plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 33
lon: 88
surface_form: Namcha Barwa
instance_of: Mountain
countries: People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 29.630555555556
lon: 95.055277777778
The cottage gardens and an orchard are being replanted and restored. Geography. Kinver Edge is situated to the east of the Severn Valley, and is in the South Staffordshire/Wyre Forest Districts. It is situated in green belt land, and is at the very edge of the urban metropolitan West Midlands.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Severn Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 52.5
lon: -2.33333
Hutzler's Barn. Hutzler's Barn is an agricultural building located north of the cemetery on South Manitou Island (in Lake Michigan near Leland, Michigan). It is the oldest remaining portion of George Johann Hutzler's homestead, and is significant for its role in the development of prize-winning Rosen rye and Michelite seeds. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Michigan
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.007874
lon: -86.756451
It is a Byzantine work of the 12th century. There is a beautiful 11th-century Deesis above the main portal. The Abbot of Monte Cassino, Desiderius sent envoys to Constantinople some time after 1066 to hire expert Byzantine mosaicists for the decoration of the rebuilt abbey church. According to chronicler Leo of Ostia the Greek artists decorated the apse, the arch and the vestibule of the basilica.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Cassino
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 41.49
lon: 13.813888888889
Native Middle Eastern birds, mammals, plants and fruits were also added. Important Justinian era mosaics decorated the Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt. Generally wall mosaics have not survived in the region because of the destruction of buildings but the St. Catherine's Monastery is exceptional. On the upper wall Moses is shown in two panels on a landscape background.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Sinai
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Egypt
coordinates: lat: 28.5384
lon: 33.9752
Lanao del Sur's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the province of Lanao del Sur that has been represented in the House of Representatives of the Philippines since 1987. It covers 22 municipalities bordering the southern shores of Lake Lanao, including those located on the Moro Gulf coast and the municipalities bordering Maguindanao del Norte.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Lanao
instance_of: Lake
countries: Philippines
coordinates: lat: 7.88
lon: 124.2525
Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest near Skykomish. Hazards. The Northern slope is a sheer cliff. Recreation. The Beckler Peak Trail rises from the Jennifer Dunn trailhead to the summit, a rise of. From the trailhead to the peak itself is a hike of approximately eight miles roundtrip. The summit affords a 360 degree view of the area, which includes Glacier Peak to the North.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Glacier Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
Beckler Peak. Beckler Peak is a mountain in the U.S state of Washington located in the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest near Skykomish. Hazards. The Northern slope is a sheer cliff. Recreation. The Beckler Peak Trail rises from the Jennifer Dunn trailhead to the summit, a rise of. From the trailhead to the peak itself is a hike of approximately eight miles roundtrip.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: beckler peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.736497
lon: -121.2892687
Beckler Peak. Beckler Peak is a mountain in the U.S state of Washington located in the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest near Skykomish. Hazards. The Northern slope is a sheer cliff. Recreation. The Beckler Peak Trail rises from the Jennifer Dunn trailhead to the summit, a rise of. From the trailhead to the peak itself is a hike of approximately eight miles roundtrip.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: beckler peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.736497
lon: -121.2892687
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest near Skykomish. Hazards. The Northern slope is a sheer cliff. Recreation. The Beckler Peak Trail rises from the Jennifer Dunn trailhead to the summit, a rise of. From the trailhead to the peak itself is a hike of approximately eight miles roundtrip. The summit affords a 360 degree view of the area, which includes Glacier Peak to the North.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: beckler peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.736497
lon: -121.2892687
Breiliflaka. Breiliflaka is a mountain in the municipality of Modum in Buskerud, Norway. It is located south of the Tyrifjord.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: breiliflaka
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Norway
coordinates: lat: 59.975
lon: 10.13333333
Evitts Creek (North Branch Potomac River tributary). Evitts Creek is a tributary stream of the North Branch Potomac River in the U.S. states of Pennsylvania and Maryland. The confluence of Evitts Creek and the North Branch Potomac River is located east of Cumberland, Maryland. Evitts Creek is long. It flows from southwestern Pennsylvania through western Maryland.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: North Branch Potomac River
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.5284255
lon: -78.5875141
Evitts Creek is long. It flows from southwestern Pennsylvania through western Maryland. The stream rises in central Bedford County, Pennsylvania, and flows southwest between the ridges of Evitts Mountain and Wills Mountain, through the Lake Koon and Lake Gordon reservoirs and into the North Branch Potomac River southeast of Cumberland at 39°55'N 78°36'W.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Evitts Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.925
lon: -78.725
surface_form: Wills Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.845555555556
lon: -78.681666666667
Evitts Creek and Evitts Mountain are named in honor of an early pioneer in Allegany County, Maryland, who in the 1780s decided to contemplate his bachelorhood from the isolated top of what is today called Evitts Mountain, far from the distractions of society.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Evitts Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.925
lon: -78.725
The west of the borough contains much of the southern part of the Lancashire Plain, a low-lying region of mossland. A large lake called Martin Mere occupied much of the area until it was drained for agriculture. The northern border of the borough is the Ribble Estuary, and both it and the remnant of Martin Mere are Ramsar sites.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Martin Mere
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 53.6225
lon: -2.8686111111111
Geography. Betschwanden is located in the valley of the Linth river, with the village situated on the east bank of the river, at an elevation of approximately. The village of Rüti lies to the south and Diesbach to the north. Above the village to the east is the mountain of Kärpf (). Betschwanden has an area, as defined by the former municipal boundaries in 2006, of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kärpf
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.91674
lon: 9.09323
Devastation caused by Almogavars troops has created a negative connotation in some places. In the Greek regions of Attica and Boeotia, a popular saying included: may &quot;the revenge of the Catalans fall on you&quot;, while in the region of Parnassus, the following saying was popularized: &quot;I will flee from the Turks to fall into the hands of the Catalans&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Parnassus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Greece
coordinates: lat: 38.533
lon: 22.6167
Twin Pond. Twin Pond is a small lake east of Old Forge in Herkimer County, New York. It drains north via an unnamed creek which flows into First Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: twin pond
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.708333333333
lon: -74.9425
Mount Bensley. 754lo6fbny2agm58bkz0024ifny" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT Prince Charles Mountains

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount bensley
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -70.3167
lon: 64.25
It is also approximately south-southeast from Tioga Pass on the eastern boundary of Yosemite. Because Bay Area residents have to drive across four mountain passes to reach Mammoth, most of the skiers are from the Los Angeles area. Mammoth Mountain is a lava-dome complex on the southwest rim of Long Valley Caldera. Its last magmatic eruption occurred about 50,000 years ago.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mammoth Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.6306
lon: -119.033
surface_form: Long Valley Caldera
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.716666666667
lon: -118.88416666667
It has been described as a bush-dwelling dog, although its morphology shows no wild adaptation and it has also been described as easy to domesticate. A similar dog existed in the Dieng highlands, and it is assumed that pure populations of these two dogs no longer exist due to crossbreeding with European breeds of the domestic dog.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Dieng highlands
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Indonesia
coordinates: lat: -7.207005
lon: 109.864111
Søråsen Ridge. Søråsen Ridge () is a broad, snow-covered ridge that separates the Quar and Ekström Ice shelves, on the coast of Queen Maud Land. The feature was first mapped and named &quot;Søråsen&quot; (the south ridge) by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949–52.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: søråsen ridge
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -71.4167
lon: -10
Søråsen Ridge. Søråsen Ridge () is a broad, snow-covered ridge that separates the Quar and Ekström Ice shelves, on the coast of Queen Maud Land. The feature was first mapped and named &quot;Søråsen&quot; (the south ridge) by the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 1949–52.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: søråsen
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -71.4167
lon: -10
The 2nd New Zealand Division was tasked with the defence of the Aliakmon Line in northern Greece and was positioned on the northern side of Mount Olympus; the 4th Brigade manned the left side of the New Zealand section of the line while the 6th Brigade took the right.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Olympus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Greece
coordinates: lat: 40.083333333333336
lon: 22.35
Although given the Christian name William Charles, he became King Lunalilo of Hawaii in 1873. Kekāuluohi died of influenza at Pohukaina, Honolulu, June 7, 1845. Initially buried in the Pohukaina Tomb, located on grounds of ʻIolani Palace, her remains were not amongst those transported in 1865 to the newly constructed Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla in the Nuʻuanu Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Nuʻuanu Valley
instance_of: Landform
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 21.370277777778
lon: -157.79694444444
The incumbent is Republican Jim Jordan, who was re-elected with 68.5% of the vote in 2024. District 5. The 5th district encompasses the lower portion of Northwestern Ohio and the middle shore of Lake Erie, taking in Findlay, Lorain, Oberlin, and Bowling Green. The incumbent is Republican Bob Latta, who was re-elected with 67.50% of the vote in 2024. District 6.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
The incumbent is Republican Warren Davidson, who was re-elected with 63% of the vote in 2024. District 9. The 9th district is based in Northwest Ohio, including Toledo and the western Lake Erie coast. The incumbent is Democrat Marcy Kaptur, who was reelected with 48.3% of the vote in 2024. District 10.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
Taniche. Taniche is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 22.97 km2. It is part of the Ejutla District in the south of the Valles Centrales Region. History. This municipality is very important because for many years all the economical activities had something to do with the ranches.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Valles Centrales Region
instance_of: Valley
countries: Mexico
coordinates: lat: 17.0833
lon: -96.75
Tohumluk Creek, one of its main arms, begins in Kurtbeli highland and is used by nomadic people in summers. Kılıçlar stream begins in Erimez. These arms flow north to Üçköprü of Çakrak village and join each other there. After this point, the stream is called as Yağlıdere. In its narrow valley it flows to the town of Yağlıdere, the center of the district with the same name.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Üçköprü
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Turkey
Yağlıdere stream. Yağlıdere () is a stream that flows to the Black Sea in the west end of Espiye, the capital town of Espiye district in Giresun Province in Turkey. Description. The stream has two major and many small tributaries. Tohumluk Creek, one of its main arms, begins in Kurtbeli highland and is used by nomadic people in summers. Kılıçlar stream begins in Erimez.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yağlıdere stream
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 40.947919
lon: 38.691725
Yağlıdere stream. Yağlıdere () is a stream that flows to the Black Sea in the west end of Espiye, the capital town of Espiye district in Giresun Province in Turkey. Description. The stream has two major and many small tributaries. Tohumluk Creek, one of its main arms, begins in Kurtbeli highland and is used by nomadic people in summers. Kılıçlar stream begins in Erimez.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yağlıdere
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 40.947919
lon: 38.691725
Kılıçlar stream begins in Erimez. These arms flow north to Üçköprü of Çakrak village and join each other there. After this point, the stream is called as Yağlıdere. In its narrow valley it flows to the town of Yağlıdere, the center of the district with the same name. Finally it ends in the Black Sea near Espiye. It is long.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yağlıdere
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 40.947919
lon: 38.691725
Finally it ends in the Black Sea near Espiye. It is long. It has high flow especially in spring because of rain and snow in the Giresun mountains. This has caused flooding in Yağlıdere in the past. Digging in the bed of the stream and pollution from solid wastes of Yağlıdere Municipality have created problems. Etymology. &quot;Yağlıdere&quot; is a generic compound word in Turkish.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yağlıdere
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 40.947919
lon: 38.691725
Digging in the bed of the stream and pollution from solid wastes of Yağlıdere Municipality have created problems. Etymology. &quot;Yağlıdere&quot; is a generic compound word in Turkish. &quot;Yağ&quot; means &quot;oil&quot; or &quot;butter&quot;, and &quot;Yağlı&quot; means &quot;oily&quot; or &quot;with butter&quot; in Turkish. &quot;Dere&quot; is &quot;stream&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yağlıdere
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 40.947919
lon: 38.691725
Mount Augustus (Western Australia). Mount Augustus is located roughly 1,000 km north of Perth, in the Mount Augustus National Park in Western Australia. The name is also given to the neighbouring pastoral lease, Mount Augustus Station. The local Wadjari people call it Burringurrah, after a Dreamtime figure, a young boy who was speared and turned into a rock.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
It has a central ridge which is almost long. Monolith–Anticline distinction. Mount Augustus is widely claimed in tourist promotional and information literature as the &quot;world's largest monolith&quot;, but the claim does not originate from the geological literature, nor is it substantiated by any other scholarly research. Mt. Augustus is more than twice the size of Uluru.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
Mt. Augustus is more than twice the size of Uluru. Unlike Uluru, which is a monolith and, in general, devoid of plant growth, Mt. Augustus is an asymmetrical anticline. 1894 gold rush. There was a gold rush in the 1890s due to local geology. Flora and fauna. Wattles, cassias and eremophilas dominate the plant life and the animal life include emus, red kangaroos, goannas, euros and birds of prey.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mt. augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
Mount Augustus (Western Australia). Mount Augustus is located roughly 1,000 km north of Perth, in the Mount Augustus National Park in Western Australia. The name is also given to the neighbouring pastoral lease, Mount Augustus Station. The local Wadjari people call it Burringurrah, after a Dreamtime figure, a young boy who was speared and turned into a rock.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
surface_form: mount augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
Flora and fauna. Wattles, cassias and eremophilas dominate the plant life and the animal life include emus, red kangaroos, goannas, euros and birds of prey. There are over 100 species of birds on and around Mount Augustus. Walking tracks. The climb to the summit and back can take up to 5 hours, and there are two trails (one class 4 and the other a class 5) to get there.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
Aboriginal history and rock engravings. Evidence of early Aboriginal habitation is depicted in the rock engravings around Mount Augustus. Many of the Dreamtime stories of the local Aboriginal Wajarri people can be viewed in the rock engravings at Mundee, Ooramboo and Beedoboondu. All of these are accessible on the loop walking trail.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount augustus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -24.325
lon: 116.84166666667
This Indigenous Protected Area is Australia’s largest land reserve, spanning. It protects important pieces of the Northern Territory’s natural legacy. Included in the Southern Tanami reserve are much of Lake Mackay—Australia’s second-largest lake—and an enormous swathe of the Tanami Desert.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Mackay
instance_of: Lake
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -22.5
lon: 128.58333333333
This record is disputed; Pittsburgh news and international media have claimed Canton Avenue is the steepest street in the world. The United States record is also disputed, as Bradford Street in San Francisco includes a 39% grade nine meters long and Waipio Valley Road has sections as steep as a 45% grade.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Waipio Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 20.1197
lon: -155.593
Lawrence River and Mississippi River basins. In Canada, its native range includes all the Great Lakes, and from Nova Scotia to the Prairie provinces north to the Mackenzie River. It also is common in the Great Slave Lake. In the United States, the native range extends south into Ohio and Illinois, and throughout most of the northeastern United States.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Great Slave Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 61.666666666667
lon: -114
The infected perch are not marketable. The current infection rates are 5% of harvest. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia is another serious disease in perch in the Great Lakes region. It has already killed thousands of drum in Lake Ontario and caused a large die-off of yellow perch in Lake Erie in 2006. Ontario is restricting commercial bait licenses as a precaution against this disease.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Ontario
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 43.72888888888889
lon: -78.10638888888889
The coast of Ångermanland is mountainous and features an extensive archipelago with many steep islands, deep bays and fjords – among them the mouth of the Ångerman River. The landscape is generally accounted picturesque, particularly in the thickly wooded Ådalen region around the Ångerman River. The landscape is varied, with valleys, rocks, and bogs.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Ådalen
instance_of: Valley
countries: Sweden
coordinates: lat: 63
lon: 17.75
This also implies that the Afar rift in propagating towards the north and the Red Sea rift is propagating towards the south, forming a large-scale relay structure. The Danakil microplate comprises a continental part, forming the Danakil Alps and parts of coastal areas of Eritrea, and an oceanic part, forming the southernmost part of the Red Sea.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Danakil Alps
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Eritrea
Ethiopia
coordinates: lat: 12.9369
lon: 42.4528
Difference with the Danakil block. The microplate is called the &quot;Danakil microplate&quot; by most authors. Others prefer the name &quot;Arrata microplate&quot; (after the Afar name of the Danakil Alps) to distinguish it from the &quot;Danakil block&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Danakil Alps
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Eritrea
Ethiopia
coordinates: lat: 12.9369
lon: 42.4528
Lake Corcoran was the last widespread lake to fill the valley about 700,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Holocene there were three major lakes remaining in the southern part of the Valley, Tulare Lake, Buena Vista Lake and Kern Lake. In the late 19th and in the 20th century, agricultural diversion of the Kern River eventually dried out these lakes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Buena Vista Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 35.1919
lon: -119.295
surface_form: tulare lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.666666666666664
lon: -121.9
surface_form: buena vista lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 35.1919
lon: -119.295
The San Joaquin Valley was originally inhabited by the Yokuts and Miwok peoples. The first European to enter the valley was Pedro Fages in 1772. The Tejon Indian Tribe of California is a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk, Yokuts, and Chumash indigenous people of California. Their ancestral homeland is the southern San Joaquin Valley, San Emigdio Mountains, and Tehachapi Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kitanemuk
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
San Joaquin Valley. The San Joaquin Valley (; Spanish: &quot;Valle de San Joaquín&quot;) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
San Joaquin Valley. The San Joaquin Valley (; Spanish: &quot;Valle de San Joaquín&quot;) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
surface_form: valle de san joaquín
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
San Joaquin Valley. The San Joaquin Valley (; Spanish: &quot;Valle de San Joaquín&quot;) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
The valley contains two large river systems, divided north and south. The northern portion of San Joaquin Valley is called the San Joaquin Basin: the watershed of the San Joaquin River and its tributaries including parts of the Kings River, all of which drain northwest into the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and eventually out to the Pacific Ocean.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
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In August 2015, the Director of the California Department of Water Resources stated, &quot;Because of increased pumping, groundwater levels are reaching record lows—up to 100 feet lower than previous records.&quot;
Research from NASA shows that parts of the San Joaquin Valley sank as much as in a four-month period, and land near Corcoran sank in 8 months.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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In the long term, the subsidence caused by extracting groundwater could irreversibly reduce the underground aquifer's water storage capacity, although immediate and short term needs are given higher priority and sense of urgency than long term sustainability. The National Weather Service Forecast Office for the San Joaquin Valley is located in Hanford and includes a Doppler weather radar.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The National Weather Service Forecast Office for the San Joaquin Valley is located in Hanford and includes a Doppler weather radar. Weather forecasts and climatological information for the San Joaquin Valley are available from its official website. Early human settlement. The San Joaquin Valley was originally inhabited by the Yokuts and Miwok peoples.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The Tejon Indian Tribe of California is a federally recognized tribe of Kitanemuk, Yokuts, and Chumash indigenous people of California. Their ancestral homeland is the southern San Joaquin Valley, San Emigdio Mountains, and Tehachapi Mountains. Today they live in Kern County, California, headquartered in Wasco and Bakersfield, California.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Today they live in Kern County, California, headquartered in Wasco and Bakersfield, California. The Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California is a federally recognized tribe of indigenous people of California, Chukchansi or Foothills Yokuts, now located in Madera County in the San Joaquin Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California is a federally recognized tribe of indigenous people of California, Chukchansi or Foothills Yokuts, now located in Madera County in the San Joaquin Valley. The Santa Rosa Rancheria belongs to the federally recognized Tachi Yokuts tribe and is located southeast of Lemoore, California, in the San Joaquin Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The Santa Rosa Rancheria belongs to the federally recognized Tachi Yokuts tribe and is located southeast of Lemoore, California, in the San Joaquin Valley. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both the San Joaquin Valley's and the Sacramento Valley's water security. Demographics.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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surface_form: sacramento valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39
lon: -121.5
Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both the San Joaquin Valley's and the Sacramento Valley's water security. Demographics. The total population of the eight counties comprising the San Joaquin Valley at the time of the 2011–2015 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates by United States Census Bureau reported a population of 4,080,509.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The racial composition of San Joaquin Valley was 1,428,978 (35.0%) Non-Hispanic White, 2,048,280 (50.2%) Hispanic or Latino, 310,557 (7.6%) Asian, 193,694 (4.7%) Black or African American, 40,911 (1.0%) American Indian and Alaska Native, and 13,000 (0.32%) Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander. The educational attainment of high school graduate or higher is 72.7%. Poverty.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Poverty. According to the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey, six San Joaquin Valley counties had the highest percentage of residents living below the federal poverty line in 2006 of any counties in California. The report also showed that the same six counties were among the 52 counties with the highest poverty rate in the United States.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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In 2005 U.S. congressional researchers compared the economically distressed Valley to the traditionally impoverished Appalachia region, resulting in the appellation New Appalachia. In 2011 &quot;Forbes,&quot; after taking the fluctuation of median home values, five of the top twenty &quot;most miserable cities&quot; were located in the San Joaquin Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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In 2011 &quot;Forbes,&quot; after taking the fluctuation of median home values, five of the top twenty &quot;most miserable cities&quot; were located in the San Joaquin Valley. Aside from the collapse of median home values, persistent crime, unemployment and poverty were common factors between Bakersfield, Fresno, Merced, Modesto and Stockton – every major city of the San Joaquin Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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Early and adequate access to prenatal care is important to maternal and child health and is another comparative indicator of community health. According to the California Department of Health Services, 37% of births in Merced County occurred with no or late prenatal care and the San Joaquin Valley average was 19.5% of births with no or late prenatal care.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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By comparison, the California average was 13.6% of births and the national average was 10% of births
Likewise, the counties of the San Joaquin Valley have relatively high ratios of population to physicians, suggesting relatively low access, with the highest in Kings County at 1,027 patients per a physician, the San Joaquin Valley average at approximately 671 patients per a physician and the California average of 400 patients per a physician.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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surface_form: san joaquin valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Another measure of access is licensed acute care hospital beds per thousand population, where the Kings County average of 1.1 beds per a thousand and the San Joaquin Valley average of 1.8 beds per a thousand were again less than the state average of 2.1 bed per a thousand. Consequently, the age adjusted death rate is significantly higher than the rest of California.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Consequently, the age adjusted death rate is significantly higher than the rest of California. In response the University of California with the University of California, Merced is exploring opening a research medical school specializing in rural care, in hopes that some graduates will settle in the San Joaquin Valley and provide better healthcare. Latinos/Hispanics, Chicanos and Mexicans.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Latinos/Hispanics, Chicanos and Mexicans. Currently, the Latino and Mexican descendants are a large percentage of the demographics in the San Joaquin Valley. Since not long after the onset of the &quot;bracero&quot; program during World War II, all but a minor percentage of the farmworkers in the region have been of Mexican ancestry.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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European groups. The San Joaquin Valley has&mdash;by California standards&mdash;an unusually large number of European, Middle Eastern, and Asian ethnicities in the heritage of its citizens. These communities are often quite large and, relative to Americans immigration patterns, quite eclectic: for example, there are more Azorean Portuguese in the San Joaquin Valley than in the Azores.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Asian Americans. The San Joaquin Valley has a large and exceptionally diverse Asian American population; primarily from the regions of Punjab in India and Pakistan, the Philippines, and Southeast Asia, especially Laos and Cambodia. Punjabi Sikh Americans have immigrated to the San Joaquin Valley since the early 1900s and 1910s, and remain a very large presence in the area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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These immigrants, the majority of whom are Hmong, Laotian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese, have largely settled in the communities of Stockton, Modesto, Merced, and Fresno. Hmongs, Laotians, and Cambodians are the largest communities of Southeast Asians in the San Joaquin Valley, and the valley has some of the largest populations of these groups in the nation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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In response, many farmers loaded their families and portable possessions into their automobiles and drove west. Many of the Okies and Arkies left the San Joaquin Valley during World War II, most of them going to Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego to work in war-related industries.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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During recent years, dairy farming has greatly expanded in importance. As areas such as Chino and Corona have become absorbed into the suburban sprawl of Los Angeles, many dairy farmers have cashed out and moved their herds to Kings, Tulare, and Kern counties. Between 1990 and 2004, 28,092 hectares (70,231 acres) of agricultural land was lost to urban development in the San Joaquin Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Of California fields outside of the San Joaquin Valley, only the Wilmington Oil Field in Los Angeles County has untapped reserves greater than, while six fields in the San Joaquin Valley (Midway-Sunset, Kern River, South Belridge, Elk Hills, Cymric, and Lost Hills) each have reserves exceeding of oil. Other major industries and employers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Other important highways in the valley include State Route 46 (SR 46) and State Route 41 (SR 41), which respectively link the California Central Coast with Bakersfield and Fresno; State Route 33 (SR 33), which runs south to north along the valley's western rim and provides a connection to Ventura and Santa Barbara over the Santa Ynez Mountains; and State Route 152 (SR 152), an important commuter route linking Silicon Valley with its fast-growing exurbs such as Los Banos.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.366944444444
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Passengers between these towns must travel on Amtrak Thruway buses. The San Joaquin Valley is also the location of the planned initial operating segment of the California High-Speed Rail (CAHSR) project, which will run 171 miles from Bakersfield in the south to Merced in the north. Freight service is provided by BNSF Railway, Union Pacific Railroad and San Joaquin Valley Railroad. Electricity.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Air pollution. Located between mountains, and rarely having strong winds to disperse smog, the San Joaquin Valley has some of the United States' worst air pollution, with a PM2.5 measure of 17 micrograms per cubic meter of air, compared to the California's Ambient Air Quality Standard of 12 micrograms per cubic meter, and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 9 micrograms per cubic meter.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Population growth has caused the San Joaquin Valley to rank with Los Angeles and Houston in most measures of air pollution. Only the Inland Empire region east of Los Angeles has worse overall air quality, and the San Joaquin Valley led the nation in 2004 in the number of days with quantities of ozone considered unhealthy by the Environmental Protection Agency.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The San Joaquin Valley has been deemed an &quot;extreme non-attainment zone&quot; by the Environmental Protection Agency, meaning residents are exposed to air quality that is confirmed to be hazardous to human health. Crop loss. The region of the San Joaquin Valley has some of the richest soil that allows for the production of many crops.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Reports state that the residents in this community suffer from high rates of asthma and experience many related symptoms. The American Lung Association attributes the noxious gas in the San Joaquin Valley to roughly 1,300 premature deaths every year, including public impacts such as lost days of school or work and emergency room visits.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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Within agriculture, the two major factors are &quot;High-Intensity Crop Production&quot; and &quot;Large Dairy Herds.&quot; Because these communities are cut off from larger water distribution, they are dependent on wells, making groundwater a source of drinking water for 90% of San Joaquin Valley's residents.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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surface_form: san joaquin valley
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Table 2 on page 20 from Pacific Institute's &quot;The Human Costs of Nitrate-contaminated Drinking Water in the San Joaquin Valley&quot; indicates the water systems that were contaminated with nitrates over the legal limit, the percentage of the population affected that are non-white and that are below or near poverty-level, and the year since the violations began.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
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The northern portion of San Joaquin Valley is called the San Joaquin Basin: the watershed of the San Joaquin River and its tributaries including parts of the Kings River, all of which drain northwest into the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and eventually out to the Pacific Ocean. The somewhat larger southern portion is the Tulare Basin, an endorheic basin centered on Tulare Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: tulare lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.666666666666664
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The somewhat larger southern portion is the Tulare Basin, an endorheic basin centered on Tulare Lake. Historically, Tulare Lake was fed by the Tule River, the Kings River, the Kaweah River, the White River and the Kern River, but much of this water has been diverted for agricultural uses and the watershed is mostly dry in its lower reaches. Geological history.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.666666666666664
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Stockton, Modesto, Tracy (as well as the nearby city of Mountain House), Manteca, and Los Banos are increasingly dominated by commuters to San Francisco and Silicon Valley, and the small farming towns to the south are finding themselves in the Bay Area's orbit as well.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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In the late 19th and in the 20th century, agricultural diversion of the Kern River eventually dried out these lakes. Today, only a fragment of Buena Vista Lake remains as two small lakes Lake Webb and Lake Evans in a portion of the former Buena Vista Lakebed. Climate. The San Joaquin Valley has extremely hot, dry summers and pleasantly mild winters characterized by dense tule fog.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 35.1919
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The two glaciers rise from the eastern slopes of Chaukhamba (7140 m) peak and wrap around the Balakun peak. Balakun is situated north of Kunaling (5471 m) and south of the Arwa Group. The peak was first climbed in 1973 a by six-man team of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) led by Hukum Singh.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Arwa Group
instance_of: Mountain
countries: India
surface_form: balakun
instance_of: Mountain
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 30.76
lon: 79.34