Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
The nearest weather station, Potato Hill, has only been measuring precipitation since 1982 and temperatures since 1989. Temperature and precipitation records from Glenwood and Trout Lake, both considerably lower in elevation and farther from the mountain, are more complete and go back further, 1948 at Glenwood and 1924 at Trout Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The lowest vent to erupt since the main cone was constructed is Smith Butte on the south slope of Adams. The last lava known to have erupted from Adams is an approximately 1000-year-old flow that emerged from a vent at about on Battlement Ridge. The Trout Lake Mudflow is the youngest large debris flow from Adams and the only large one since the end of the last Ice Age.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.202411111111
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Its English name, Adams, is named after John Adams, the second president of the United States. In the 1830s, Hall J. Kelley led a campaign to rename the Cascade Range as the President's Range and rename each major Cascade mountain after a former President of the United States. Mount Adams was not known to Kelley and was thus not in his plan.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Helens was to be renamed after George Washington. In a mistake or deliberate change by mapmaker and proponent of the Kelley plan, Thomas J. Farnham, the names for Hood and St. Helens were interchanged. And, likely because of the confusion about which mountain was St. Helens, he placed the &quot;Mount Adams&quot; name north of Mount Hood and about east of Mount St. Helens.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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However, since the interior of the main cone is little more than a pile of fragmented lava and hydrothermally altered rock, there is a potential for very large landslides and other debris flows. In 1997, Adams experienced two slides seven weeks apart that were the largest slides in the Cascades, ignoring the catastrophic landslide eruption of Mount St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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This sno-park provides winter access to the Midway High Lakes Area. All the sno-parks in the area require a Washington state Sno-Park Permit. In Native American cultures. Mount Adams' stout stature is explained in stories originating from Indigenous peoples. In the stories, Mount Adams and Mount Hood are two brothers who fought over Mount St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.202411111111
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Mount Hood, in fact, was designated by Kelley to be renamed after President John Adams and St. Helens was to be renamed after George Washington. In a mistake or deliberate change by mapmaker and proponent of the Kelley plan, Thomas J. Farnham, the names for Hood and St. Helens were interchanged. And, likely because of the confusion about which mountain was St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.37361111111111
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Future eruptions from Adams will probably follow patterns set by previous events and will thus be flank lava flows of andesite or basalt. Because the primary products were andesite, the eruptions that occur on Adams tend to have a low to moderate explosiveness and present less of a hazard than the violent eruptions of St. Helens and some of the other Cascade volcanoes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
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Helens was to be renamed after George Washington. In a mistake or deliberate change by mapmaker and proponent of the Kelley plan, Thomas J. Farnham, the names for Hood and St. Helens were interchanged. And, likely because of the confusion about which mountain was St. Helens, he placed the &quot;Mount Adams&quot; name north of Mount Hood and about east of Mount St. Helens.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
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Her blood colored the rocks of the lake red and the place was known as Hool-hool-se, which is from the Native American word for mouse. Eventually, the wife killed the man as well and lived alone in the mountains. Adams was the feature of a 1915 documentary &quot;When the Mountains Call&quot;. This film documented the journey from Portland to the summit and showed many of the sights along the way.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.202411111111
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Mount Adams (Washington). Mount Adams is a stratovolcano located in the Cascade Range of Washington, United States. Standing at feet, it is the second-highest mountain in Washington and a prominent feature within the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which formed as a result of the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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surface_form: mount adams
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.202411111111
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Mount Adams (Washington). Mount Adams is a stratovolcano located in the Cascade Range of Washington, United States. Standing at feet, it is the second-highest mountain in Washington and a prominent feature within the Cascade Volcanic Arc, which formed as a result of the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate beneath the North American Plate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
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One Oregon history magazine stated that the Native American name for the mountain was &quot;Klick-i-lat&quot; Lyman sometimes called it &quot;Klickitat&quot; in his writings. The name &quot;Klickitat&quot; originally referred to a permanent village oppposite what is today Lyle, Washington.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
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Since the mountain had no official name at the time, Kelley's name stuck, although the rest of his plan failed. The name was not official until 1853, when the Pacific Railroad Surveys, under the direction of Washington Territory governor Isaac I. Stevens, determined its location, described the surrounding countryside, and placed the name on the map. General. Mount Adams stands east of Mount St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
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The remaining area is within the Mount Adams Recreation Area of the Yakama Indian Reservation. While many of the volcanic peaks in Oregon are located on the Cascade Crest, Adams is the only active volcano in Washington to be so. It is farther east than all the rest of Washington's volcanoes except Glacier Peak.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The current cone was built during the most recent major eruptive period 40,000–10,000 years ago. Standing at, Adams towers about over the surrounding countryside. It is the second-highest mountain in Washington and third-highest in the Cascade Range. Because of the way it developed, it is the largest stratovolcano in Washington and second-largest in the Cascades, behind only Mount Shasta.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
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BIA 285 is known to be extremely rough and often suitable only for trucks or high-clearance vehicles. The mountain's size and distance from major cities, and the tendency of some people to forget or ignore Mount Adams, has led some people to call this volcano &quot;The Forgotten Giant of Washington&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Divide Meadow was the most representative of the snow depth on the west side of Adams because it was the highest station on the flanks of the mountain. Like the rest of the high Cascade mountains, Adams receives a large amount of snow, but because it lies farther east than many of its Washington compatriots, it receives less than one might expect for a mountain of its height.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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There are about 205 vents that were active between 4.2 million and 600 thousand years ago. Seismic activity around Adams is very low and it is one of the quietest volcanoes in Oregon and Washington. It is monitored by the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network and the Cascades Volcano Observatory via a seismic station on the southwest flank of the mountain. During the month of September 2024, the U.S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
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Most lakes within the Midway High Lakes Area offer scenic views of Mount Adams and its glaciers. The Morrison Creek area has three designated campgrounds, while the Mount Adams Recreation Area also has three. Farther down the southeast slope of Adams, the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has two campgrounds along Bird Creek.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.202411111111
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Adams is near two more-frequently erupting neighbors, Mount St Helens and Mount Rainier. It has twelve named glaciers descending its slopes. Geologically, Mount Adams first formed in the Pleistocene. Its construction involved multiple eruptive phases, the first around 500,000 years ago, followed by the development of the modern cone around 10,000 years ago.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The mountain was officially named after President John Adams in 1853, although the assignment of the name to the peak was due to mapmaker confusion. The first recorded ascent was made in 1854. Today, a significant portion of Adams is designated as the Mount Adams Wilderness. Mount Adams is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, offering a range of activities.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The first recorded ascent was made in 1854. Today, a significant portion of Adams is designated as the Mount Adams Wilderness. Mount Adams is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts, offering a range of activities. Mountaineering is prominent, with the non-technical South Spur being the easiest climbing route to the summit.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Name. There are several names for the mountain in the various Indigenous languages in its vicinity. In the Sahaptin language to the east, it is called. The word can refer to any snow-covered mountain, but the &quot;main&quot; is Mount Adams. This name has been anglicized variously as Paton, Pahto, Pahtoo, Pahtoe, and Pat-to. It is also nicknamed in the Yakama dialect of Sahaptin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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It is north of the Columbia River and north of Mount Hood in Oregon. The nearest major cities are Yakima, to the northeast, and the Portland metropolitan area, to the southwest. Between half and two thirds of Adams is within the Mount Adams Wilderness of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. The remaining area is within the Mount Adams Recreation Area of the Yakama Indian Reservation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Adams is the source of the headwaters for two major rivers, the Lewis River and White Salmon River. The streams on the north and east side of Adams feed the Cispus and Klickitat Rivers, respectively. Mount Adams is the second-most isolated, in terms of access, stratovolcano in Washington; Glacier Peak is the most isolated. Only two major highways pass close to it.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams
instance_of: Mountain
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coordinates: lat: 46.202411111111
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It stands near the center of a north–south trending volcanic field that is about wide and long, from just south of the Goat Rocks to Guler Mountain, the vent farthest south in the field. This field includes over 120 vents; about 25 of these are considered flank volcanoes of Mount Adams. The largest flank volcano is a basaltic shield volcano on Adams east base called Goat Butte.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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This field includes over 120 vents; about 25 of these are considered flank volcanoes of Mount Adams. The largest flank volcano is a basaltic shield volcano on Adams east base called Goat Butte. This structure is at least 150,000 years old. Little Mount Adams is a symmetrical cinder cone on top of the Ridge of Wonders on Adams' southeast flank.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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Located about north of Adams is Goat Rocks Wilderness and the heavily eroded ruins of a stratovolcano that is much older than Adams. Unlike Adams, the Goat Rocks volcano was periodically explosive and deposited ash 2.5 million years ago that later solidified into thick tuff layers. In the area surrounding Mount Adams, many caves have formed around inactive lava vents.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The volcano has a volume of placing it second only to Mount Shasta in that category among the Cascade stratovolcanoes. Mount Adams was created by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate, which is located just off the coast of the Pacific Northwest. Mount Adams was born in the mid- to late Pleistocene and grew in several pulses of mostly lava-extruding eruptions.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Most of these eruptions and therefore most of the volcano, consist of lava flows with little tephra. The loose material that makes up much of Adams' core is made of brecciated lava. Andesite and basalt flows formed a thick circle around the base of Mount Adams, and filled existing depressions and ponded in valleys.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The USGS plans to install temporary seismic stations around Mount Adams to better estimate the size and depth of these earthquakes. Glaciers. In the early 21st century, glaciers covered a total of 2.5% of Adams' surface. During the last ice age about 90% of the mountain was glaciated. Mount Adams has 209 perennial snow and ice features and 12 officially named glaciers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Since 1949, the total glacier area has been relatively stable with a small amount of decline since the 1990s. Recreation. Like many other Cascade volcanoes, Mount Adams offers many recreational activities, including mountain climbing, backcountry skiing, hiking and backpacking, berry picking, camping, boating, fishing, rafting, photography, wildlife viewing, and scenic driving among other things.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Routes in those areas should only be climbed early in the season under as ideal conditions as can be had. Other hazards faced by climbers on Adams include sudden storms and clouds, avalanches, altitude sickness, and inexperience. Climbing Mount Adams can be dangerous for a variety of reasons and people have died in pursuit of the summit while many others have had close calls.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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Hiking. Many trails pass through the area around Mount Adams where visitors can find extensive vistas, local history, displays of wildflowers, lava formations, and several waterfalls. One such trail is the unofficially named &quot;Round the Mountain Trail&quot; that encircles Mount Adams and is approximately long.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
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Camping. Campgrounds near Mount Adams are open during the snow-free months of summer. Adams Fork Campground and Twin Falls Campground are located along the Lewis and Cispus Rivers. Most lakes within the Midway High Lakes Area offer scenic views of Mount Adams and its glaciers. The Morrison Creek area has three designated campgrounds, while the Mount Adams Recreation Area also has three.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The Morrison Creek area has three designated campgrounds, while the Mount Adams Recreation Area also has three. Farther down the southeast slope of Adams, the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has two campgrounds along Bird Creek. Several of the campgrounds in the National Forest and all campgrounds in the Mount Adams Recreation Area require fees.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Using a boiling point thermometer, mercurial barometer, and an aneroid barometer, they determined the elevation to be respectively. None of these numbers were used on any map because that same year, 1895, the US Geological Survey (USGS), using a triangulation method, also measured the height of several mountains in the Cascades and they measured Adams as having an elevation of.

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Adams was finally properly surveyed in 1901, when Rusk led noted geologist/glaciologist Harry Fielding Reid to Adams' remote location. Reid conducted the first systematic study of the volcano and also named its most significant glaciers, Pinnacle, Adams, Lava, Lyman, and Rusk with suggestions from Rusk. He also named Castle Rock (The Castle), Little Mount Adams, and Red Butte.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The southern half became the Columbia National Forest. The name was changed in 1949 to honor the first Chief of the Forest, Gifford Pinchot. In 1964, the lands around Mount Adams were set aside as a wilderness. Adams is home to the oldest building on the Gifford Pinchot National Forest, the Gotchen Creek Guard Station just south of the A. G. Aiken Lava Bed.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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As of 2015, however, the tree has been stressed by attacks from pine beetles. The large diversity of the flora around Adams is even more apparent in the herbage and, including the tree and shrub species previously mentioned, totals at least 843 species. This is more than any other mountain in the Pacific Northwest.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Whitefish can be found in the Klickitat, Lewis, and Cispus Rivers. Because of barriers to fish passage (dams on the Lewis and Cowlitz Rivers, falls on the White Salmon River), the only river where anadromous fishes can reach the streams around Adams is the Klickitat River.

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The Mount Adams Wilderness along the west slope of Mount Adams offers an abundance of opportunities for hiking, backpacking, backcountry camping, mountain climbing and equestrian sports. Trails in the wilderness pass through dry east-side and moist west-side forests, with views of Mt.

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The largest flank volcano is a basaltic shield volcano on Adams east base called Goat Butte. This structure is at least 150,000 years old. Little Mount Adams is a symmetrical cinder cone on top of the Ridge of Wonders on Adams' southeast flank. Potato Hill is a cinder cone on Adams' north side that was created in the late Pleistocene and stands above its lava plain.

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In Native American cultures. Mount Adams' stout stature is explained in stories originating from Indigenous peoples. In the stories, Mount Adams and Mount Hood are two brothers who fought over Mount St. Helens, who is described as a &quot;beautiful maiden.&quot; In their battle, they sent hot rocks and streams of liquid fire throughout the land.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Its deeply eroded flanks drain into major regional rivers like the Cispus, Klickitat and Lewis Rivers. The mountain is home to diverse ecological zones, ranging from dense lower-elevation forests dominated by Douglas fir and western hemlock on its western slopes to drier ponderosa pine forests on its eastern slopes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Flora. The climate of Adams gives it a large amount of diversity within its forests. On the west side, down in the lower valleys, grand fir and Douglas fir dominate the forest with Western hemlock and Western red cedar as well. On the east side, Douglas fir and ponderosa pine are dominant with some patches of dense lodgepole pine.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Above a certain elevation, lodgepole pine also appears in areas on the west side as well. As elevation increases, the forest changes again with subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and mountain hemlock becoming the dominant tree species on all sides of the mountain. Eventually, the last trees to disappear from the mountainside are the highly cold tolerant whitebark pine and mountain hemlock.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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While they were on the east side, they named Avalanche Valley. Later, in 1897, after they had completed an ascent of Adams, they went to the Ridge of Wonders and his mother, awestruck by the scene, named it as such. No detailed descriptions of Adams or its glaciers existed until Professor William Denison Lyman and Horace S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Only one obvious flow appears on the south slopes of Adams, the A. G. Aiken Lava Bed. Other smaller flows exist in various locations around the mountain as well. The many other vents and volcanoes encompassed by the Mount Adams field include Glaciate Butte and Red Butte on the north, King Mountain, Meadow Butte, Quigley Butte, and Smith Butte on the south, with others interspersed throughout.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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To the south is the Upper Chinook language. An early-20th century mountaineer, William Denison Lyman recorded a Wasco-dialect name for the mountain, &quot;Kakon,&quot; which he stated can refer to any high mountain. One Oregon history magazine stated that the Native American name for the mountain was &quot;Klick-i-lat&quot; Lyman sometimes called it &quot;Klickitat&quot; in his writings.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Suksdorf Ridge is a long buttress descending from the false summit to an elevation of. This structure was built by repeated lava flows in the late Pleistocene. The Pinnacle forms the northwest false summit and was created by erosion from the Adams and White Salmon glaciers. On the east side, The Castle is a low prominence at the top of Battlement Ridge.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The first occurred at the end of August and consisted of mainly snow and ice with some rock. It fell from a similar location and in a similar path to the slide of 1921. The second slide that year occurred in late October and originated high on Battlement Ridge just below The Castle. It consisted of mainly rock and flowed three miles down the Klickitat Glacier and the Big Muddy Creek streambed.

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Mount Adams is the second-most isolated, in terms of access, stratovolcano in Washington; Glacier Peak is the most isolated. Only two major highways pass close to it. Highway 12 passes about to the north of Adams through the Cascades. Highway 141 comes within of Adams as it follows the White Salmon River valley up from the Columbia River to the small town of Trout Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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European-American explorers first documented the peak in the early to mid-19th century. The mountain was officially named after President John Adams in 1853, although the assignment of the name to the peak was due to mapmaker confusion. The first recorded ascent was made in 1854. Today, a significant portion of Adams is designated as the Mount Adams Wilderness.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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This spot is called in Lower Chinook, in Sahaptin (borrowed from Lower Chinook), and in Upper Chinook, the language of the Wasco people there. The Klickitat people who bear the name call themselves and had villages on the Lewis, White Salmon, and Klickitat rivers. Its English name, Adams, is named after John Adams, the second president of the United States. In the 1830s, Hall J.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Its large size is reflected in its -diameter base, which has a prominent north–south trending axis. Adams is the source of the headwaters for two major rivers, the Lewis River and White Salmon River. The streams on the north and east side of Adams feed the Cispus and Klickitat Rivers, respectively.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The many other vents and volcanoes encompassed by the Mount Adams field include Glaciate Butte and Red Butte on the north, King Mountain, Meadow Butte, Quigley Butte, and Smith Butte on the south, with others interspersed throughout. Located about north of Adams is Goat Rocks Wilderness and the heavily eroded ruins of a stratovolcano that is much older than Adams.

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It was upgraded in 1983 to report snow water equivalent and it was upgraded again in 2006 to report snow depth. The Council Pass station was monitored monthly from 1956 to 1978 and the Divide Meadow station was monitored monthly from 1962 to 1978. Divide Meadow was the most representative of the snow depth on the west side of Adams because it was the highest station on the flanks of the mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Andesite and basalt flows formed a thick circle around the base of Mount Adams, and filled existing depressions and ponded in valleys. Most of the volcano is made of andesite together with a handful of dacite and pyroclastic flows which erupted early in Adams' development. The present main cone was built when Adams was capped by a glacier system in the last ice age.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Helens ash on it, meaning it is at least that old. Of a similar age are the Takh Takh Meadows and Muddy Fork lava flows. The lowest vent to erupt since the main cone was constructed is Smith Butte on the south slope of Adams. The last lava known to have erupted from Adams is an approximately 1000-year-old flow that emerged from a vent at about on Battlement Ridge.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The flow dammed Trout Creek and covered of the White Salmon River valley. Impounded water later formed Trout Lake. The Great Slide of 1921 started close to the headwall of the White Salmon Glacier and was the largest avalanche on Adams in historic time. The slide fell about and its debris covered about of the upper Salt Creek area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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This was the only debris flow in Mount Adams' recorded history, but there are five known lahars. Since then, thermal anomalies (hot spots) and gas emissions (including hydrogen sulfide) have occurred especially on the summit plateau and indicate that Adams is dormant, not extinct.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Since then, thermal anomalies (hot spots) and gas emissions (including hydrogen sulfide) have occurred especially on the summit plateau and indicate that Adams is dormant, not extinct. Future eruptions from Adams will probably follow patterns set by previous events and will thus be flank lava flows of andesite or basalt.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory recorded six earthquakes ranging in magnitudes 0.9 to 2.0. With a normal rate of one earthquake every 2–3 years, this is above background levels, and the most since recordkeeping began in 1982. The USGS plans to install temporary seismic stations around Mount Adams to better estimate the size and depth of these earthquakes. Glaciers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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During the last ice age about 90% of the mountain was glaciated. Mount Adams has 209 perennial snow and ice features and 12 officially named glaciers. The total ice-covered area makes up, while the area of named glaciers is. Most of the largest remaining glaciers (including the Adams, Klickitat, Lyman, and White Salmon) originate from Adams' summit ice cap.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Most of the largest remaining glaciers (including the Adams, Klickitat, Lyman, and White Salmon) originate from Adams' summit ice cap. On the northwest face of the mountain, Adams Glacier cascades down a steep channel in a series of icefalls before spreading out and terminating at around the elevation, where it becomes the source of the Lewis River and Adams Creek, a tributary of the Cispus River.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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The current elevation, is expressed in the North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Claude Ewing Rusk, a local settler and mountaineer, was one of those most familiar with Adams and he was instrumental in many of the names given to places around the mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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In 1890, he, his mother Josie, and his sister Leah completed a circuit of the mountain and explored, to some extent, all ten of its principle glaciers. This was the first recorded circuit of Adams by a woman and likely the first recorded circuit by anyone. While they were on the east side, they named Avalanche Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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No detailed descriptions of Adams or its glaciers existed until Professor William Denison Lyman and Horace S. Lyman published descriptions of the Avalanche, Mazama, and Klickitat Glaciers and various other features of the southern flanks of the mountain in 1886. Adams was finally properly surveyed in 1901, when Rusk led noted geologist/glaciologist Harry Fielding Reid to Adams' remote location.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Reid conducted the first systematic study of the volcano and also named its most significant glaciers, Pinnacle, Adams, Lava, Lyman, and Rusk with suggestions from Rusk. He also named Castle Rock (The Castle), Little Mount Adams, and Red Butte. Reid noted that it was apparent that the glaciers of Adams had been significantly larger during the Little Ice Age.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Burge. While most sources list the aforementioned names, at least one substitutes Colonel Benjamin Franklin Shaw for Andrew Burge. Their route was likely up the North Cleaver because that summer they were improving a newly designated military road that passes through Naches Pass, which is to the north of Adams.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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Richardson, Clarence Truitt, Rolland Whitmore, Robert E. Williams, and Clarence Starcher. Three years later, in 1924, a group of three men from the Mazamas finally climbed the west face of Adams. This route is straightforward, but made difficult by icefalls, mud slips, and easily started rock avalanches. Some of the caves around Adams were subject to commercial ventures.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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