Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
In 1924, he made an expedition to the Wind River Range in Wyoming with Albert Ellingwood, Herman Buhl, and Emma Buhl. There, the group managed to make first ascents of Mount Helen, Mount Turret, and Mount Warren. That year, he was also admitted to the AdAmAn Club in Colorado Springs.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Warren
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.163611111111
lon: -109.62805555556
That year, he was also admitted to the AdAmAn Club in Colorado Springs. In 1925, Blaurock and two others retrieved the body of his friend Agnes Vaille, who had succeeded in making the first winter ascent of the East Face of Colorado's Longs Peak, but died on the descent as the weather deteriorated into a blizzard. That same year, he was elected president of the Colorado Mountain Club.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Longs Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.255013888889
lon: -105.61511388889
That same year, he was elected president of the Colorado Mountain Club. In 1926, Blaurock traveled to Europe to climb in the Alps with his friends Henry Buchtel and William Erwin. During the trip, they were able to summit the Matterhorn. In 1957, he completed his goal of climbing all 14,000-foot peaks in California.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Matterhorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.97638888888889
lon: 7.658611111111111
He declared that his favorite climb was Longs Peak's east face, which he completed 18 times. Blaurock was known among the mountaineering community for doing headstands on the summits of mountains and pictures exist of him doing so on Longs Peak and Sunlight Peak (also in Colorado). He joked that it was his method of getting his feet higher on the mountains than anybody else.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Sunlight Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.627222222222
lon: -107.59583333333
He joked that it was his method of getting his feet higher on the mountains than anybody else. His last climb was in 1973, to the summit of Notch Mountain in Colorado. The trip was to commemorate William Henry Jackson's photograph of the Mount of the Holy Cross and he placed a plaque at the position from which Jackson took his photograph. Legacy. To honor Blaurock's legacy of climbing, the U.S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Notch Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.4775
lon: -106.46055555556
He joked that it was his method of getting his feet higher on the mountains than anybody else. His last climb was in 1973, to the summit of Notch Mountain in Colorado. The trip was to commemorate William Henry Jackson's photograph of the Mount of the Holy Cross and he placed a plaque at the position from which Jackson took his photograph. Legacy. To honor Blaurock's legacy of climbing, the U.S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount of the Holy Cross
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.466944444444
lon: -106.48166666667
The lowest point in the state of Nevada is on the Colorado River just south of Laughlin in Clark County, where it flows out of Nevada into California and Arizona. Greater Las Vegas is a tectonic valley, surrounded by four mountain ranges, with nearby Mount Charleston being the highest elevation at, located to the northwest.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Charleston
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.271597222222
lon: -115.69556944444
Safwan Hill. Safwan Hill (or Jabal Sanam) is located in Basra Governorate, southern Iraq. Safwan Hill is the highest terrain feature in the region, at approximately. Iraq War 2003. On 19 March 2003 the United States Marine Corps 3rd Marine Air Wing attacked the Iraqi Army observation post on Safwan Hill.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: safwan
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iraq
Domestication. Wild potato species occur from the southern United States to southern Chile. The potato was first domesticated in southern Peru and northwestern Bolivia by pre-Columbian farmers, around Lake Titicaca. Potatoes were domesticated there about 7,000–10,000 years ago from a species in the &quot;S. brevicaule&quot; complex.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Titicaca
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
Bolivia
coordinates: lat: -15.825
lon: -69.325
Guard Mountain. Guard Mountain is a summit in British Columbia, Canada. Description. Guard Mountain is located within Garibaldi Provincial Park on the southeast side of Garibaldi Lake, and is part of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. It is situated north of Vancouver, west-southwest of Mount Carr, and southwest of Castle Towers Mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Garibaldi Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.925
lon: -123.01
surface_form: guard mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.89969
lon: -122.98599
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
Guard Mountain. Guard Mountain is a summit in British Columbia, Canada. Description. Guard Mountain is located within Garibaldi Provincial Park on the southeast side of Garibaldi Lake, and is part of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. It is situated north of Vancouver, west-southwest of Mount Carr, and southwest of Castle Towers Mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Carr
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.91639
lon: -122.93599
surface_form: Castle Towers Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.9397
lon: -122.942
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
It is situated north of Vancouver, west-southwest of Mount Carr, and southwest of Castle Towers Mountain. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Garibaldi Lake and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 700 meters (2,300 feet) above the lake in one kilometer (0.6 mile).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Garibaldi Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.925
lon: -123.01
Guard Mountain. Guard Mountain is a summit in British Columbia, Canada. Description. Guard Mountain is located within Garibaldi Provincial Park on the southeast side of Garibaldi Lake, and is part of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. It is situated north of Vancouver, west-southwest of Mount Carr, and southwest of Castle Towers Mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: columbia
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 52.1475
lon: -117.44055555555556
surface_form: guard mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.89969
lon: -122.98599
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
Guard Mountain. Guard Mountain is a summit in British Columbia, Canada. Description. Guard Mountain is located within Garibaldi Provincial Park on the southeast side of Garibaldi Lake, and is part of the Garibaldi Ranges of the Coast Mountains. It is situated north of Vancouver, west-southwest of Mount Carr, and southwest of Castle Towers Mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: guard mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.89969
lon: -122.98599
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
Climate. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Guard Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: guard mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.89969
lon: -122.98599
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Garibaldi Lake and topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 700 meters (2,300 feet) above the lake in one kilometer (0.6 mile). The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on October 4, 1932, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Climate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Sphinx Glacier on the east side of the mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 51.4677778
lon: -116.1416667
surface_form: the sphinx
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.9019
lon: -122.951
Geology. Containing an extensive system of connected trails and covering, its forested hills run the length of Staten Island's midsection while wetlands and kettle ponds fill much of the low-lying areas. Four hundred and ten feet above sea level, Todt Hill is the highest elevation south of Maine along the Eastern Seaboard.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Todt Hill
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.602222222222
lon: -74.112222222222
This practice is controversial. Sentinelese. The Sentinelese people of North Sentinel Island, which lies near South Andaman Island in the Bay of Bengal, reject contact. Attempts to contact them have usually been rebuffed, sometimes with lethal force. Their language is markedly different from other languages of the Andamans, which suggests that they have been isolated for thousands of years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bay of Bengal
instance_of: Body of water
countries: India
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Myanmar
coordinates: lat: 15
lon: 88
The species was first described by Laurence W. Jessup in 1986. It grows in upland rainforest at altitudes from, on the Atherton Tableland and northward to about Cooktown. Conservation. This species has been assessed to be of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and by the Queensland Government under its Nature Conservation Act.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Atherton Tableland
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -17.16666667
lon: 145.53333333
Description. Occupying an area of of open plains, floodplain and wooded sandhills, it is situated on the Barkly Tableland and was established prior to 1877. The station is currently one of 15 properties owned by the North Australian Pastoral Company (NAPCo), who has owned it since 1877, making Alexandria NAPCos oldest and largest property.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Barkly Tableland
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -19
lon: 138
Scotch Bonnet Mountain. Scotch Bonnet Mountain is a summit in Park County, Montana, United States. Description. Scotch Bonnet Mountain is located north of Cooke City, Montana, in the Beartooth Mountains which are a subrange of the Rocky Mountains. It is set within the New World Mining District and the Custer-Gallatin National Forest.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: scotch bonnet mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.07327
lon: -109.95102
The Montana Scotch Bonnet Copper and Gold Mining Company worked this area near Lulu Pass in the early 1900s and the mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names. The area from Cooke City to Scotch Bonnet Mountain offers some of the finest backcountry snowmobiling in the country.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: scotch bonnet mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.07327
lon: -109.95102
The area from Cooke City to Scotch Bonnet Mountain offers some of the finest backcountry snowmobiling in the country. On January 3, 2010, two snowmobilers riding on the south face of Scotch Bonnet Mountain triggered an avalanche resulting in one fatality. An avalanche on the mountain killed two snowmobilers on December 27, 2021. Climate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: scotch bonnet mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.07327
lon: -109.95102
An avalanche on the mountain killed two snowmobilers on December 27, 2021. Climate. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Scotch Bonnet Mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone characterized by long, usually very cold winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: scotch bonnet mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.07327
lon: -109.95102
It is set within the New World Mining District and the Custer-Gallatin National Forest. Precipitation runoff from the mountain's south slope drains into headwaters of Fisher Creek which is a tributary of the Clarks Fork Yellowstone River, whereas the north slope drains into Goose Creek which is a tributary of the nearby Stillwater River.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: yellowstone
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.466666666667
lon: -110.36666666667
Aonbaw. Aonbaw is a village in Lahe Township, Naga Self-Administered Zone, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma. It is located in the Naga Hills, to the north of Lahe. Human sacrifice and headhunting has been documented in the Lahe Township.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Naga Hills
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Myanmar
India
coordinates: lat: 26
lon: 95
Thomas Baskerville then became second-in-command. The expedition then headed towards South America and a week later they closed on Rio de la Hacha. On December 18, Drake seized the town following which the fleet then seized the neighbouring settlements of La Ranchería and Tapia, where more booty was acquired. A ransom failed and Drake promptly sacked and burned the area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: La Ranchería
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Colombia
coordinates: lat: 10.926107
lon: -73.369892
Olibama Lopez Tushar. Olibama Lopez Tushar (1906 – 2004) was an American scholar of Hispanic heritage in Colorado. Her book, &quot;The People of El Valle,&quot; is influential in the history and genealogy of the San Luis Valley. Biography. Olibama Lopez was born on January 2, 1906, at Los Rincones near Manassa, Colorado. Her parents were Fernandez B.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Luis Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 37.2
lon: -105.42
Xerxes canal. From around 483 BC, Xerxes I commissioned Bubares together with Artachaies to lead the construction of what is now known as the Xerxes Canal through the isthmus of the eastern foothills of the Chalkidike peninsula (near Ierissos). There, almost ten years before, the great Persian fleet of Mardonius had been shattered amidst the uneven waves off Mount Athos.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Athos
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Greece
coordinates: lat: 40.15833333333333
lon: 24.327222222222222
The canal avoided the possibility of a repetition of this disaster. The construction of the canal was one of the most elaborate projects of antiquity and lasted three years, as workers were forcibly recruited from various peoples including the inhabitants of Athos. Strymon bridge.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Athos
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Greece
coordinates: lat: 40.15833333333333
lon: 24.327222222222222
Situated along the Hoosac Mountain Range, it features four ponds (North, South, Bog, and Burnett), and seven hill and mountain summits, including Lewis Hill (2177 ft), Flat Rock Hill (2195 ft), Spruce Hill (2566 ft), and Borden Mountain (2505 ft). Also within the forest are at least two notable waterfalls, Parker Brook Falls and Tannery Falls, the latter of which is a drop.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Borden Mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.6004
lon: -73.0268
It is mildly eutrophic, a term that refers to a body of water rich in nutrients, which cause excessive growth of aquatic plants like algae, resulting in bacteria that consume nearly all the oxygen. It is sometimes considered a part of Dal Lake and is connected to it via a narrow strait. It is also connected to the Khushal Sar and Gil Sar lakes via a channel known as Nallah Amir Khan. Etymology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Dal Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.12
lon: 74.87
surface_form: dal lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 32.247148
lon: 76.310719
surface_form: dal lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.12
lon: 74.87
It is mildly eutrophic, a term that refers to a body of water rich in nutrients, which cause excessive growth of aquatic plants like algae, resulting in bacteria that consume nearly all the oxygen. It is sometimes considered a part of Dal Lake and is connected to it via a narrow strait. It is also connected to the Khushal Sar and Gil Sar lakes via a channel known as Nallah Amir Khan. Etymology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Khushal Sar
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.1115
lon: 74.7994
surface_form: Gil Sar
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.1228
lon: 74.8031
surface_form: khushal sar
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.1115
lon: 74.7994
surface_form: gil sar
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.1228
lon: 74.8031
It is also used for swimming. The colonial era Nigeen Club is situated on the eastern shore. As with other water bodies in the Kashmir Valley the lake suffers from encroachments which are deteriorating its water quality and also increasing the risk of floods. The government of Jammu and Kashmir is taking steps to help improve the condition of the lake and restore it to its original condition.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kashmir Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.0333
lon: 74.6667
Nigeen Lake. Nigeen Lake (alternatively spelled as Nageen Lake'&quot;) is a lake located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is mildly eutrophic, a term that refers to a body of water rich in nutrients, which cause excessive growth of aquatic plants like algae, resulting in bacteria that consume nearly all the oxygen.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nageen lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.11388889
lon: 74.83222222
surface_form: nigeen lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.11388889
lon: 74.83222222
Nigeen Lake. Nigeen Lake (alternatively spelled as Nageen Lake'&quot;) is a lake located in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is mildly eutrophic, a term that refers to a body of water rich in nutrients, which cause excessive growth of aquatic plants like algae, resulting in bacteria that consume nearly all the oxygen.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nigeen lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.11388889
lon: 74.83222222
The word &quot;nigeen&quot; is a local variant of the same word. Location. The lake is located adjacent to the Hari Parbat hillock, to the west of the Dal lake. To its north and west, lie the localities of Baghwanpora and Lal Bazar while to its north east lies the locality of Hazratbal, which is known for the Hazratbal Shrine. Present status.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: dal lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 32.247148
lon: 76.310719
surface_form: dal lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.12
lon: 74.87
To its north and west, lie the localities of Baghwanpora and Lal Bazar while to its north east lies the locality of Hazratbal, which is known for the Hazratbal Shrine. Present status. The lake is a major tourist attraction in Srinagar, known for its relatively pristine waters as compared to the Dal lake. Houseboats and shikaras are common. It is also used for swimming.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: dal lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 32.247148
lon: 76.310719
surface_form: dal lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.12
lon: 74.87
Ranulf's line consisted of the men of Bayeux, Avranches and Coutances. Lord of Cumberland. A charter issued in 1124 by David I, King of the Scots, to Robert I de Brus cited Ranulf's lordship of Carlisle and Cumberland as a model for Robert's new lordship in Annandale. This is significant because Robert is known from other sources to have acted with semi-regal authority in this region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Annandale
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 55.2
lon: -3.4
The volcano is in Klamath County, in the southern Cascades, north of the Oregon–California border. Its collapse, due to the eruption of magma emptying the underlying magma chamber, formed a caldera that holds Crater Lake (&quot;Giiwas&quot; in the Native American language Klamath). Mount Mazama originally had an elevation of approximately, but following its climactic eruption this was reduced to.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Crater Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
Mount Mazama originally had an elevation of approximately, but following its climactic eruption this was reduced to. Crater Lake is deep, the deepest freshwater body in the U.S. and the second deepest in North America after Great Slave Lake in Canada.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Great Slave Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 61.666666666667
lon: -114
Geography. Mount Mazama is in Klamath County, within the U.S. state of Oregon, north of the border with California. It lies in the southern portion of the Cascade Range. Crater Lake sits partly inside the volcano's caldera, with a depth of; it is the deepest body of freshwater in the United States and the second deepest in North America after Great Slave Lake in Canada.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Crater Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: Great Slave Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 61.666666666667
lon: -114
Research by Howel Williams superimposed the Crater Lake caldera on other Cascade stratovolcanoes including Mount Shasta in California and Mount Rainier in Washington state, and concluded that Mazama stood at pre-collapse, which has been accepted as the standard estimate by geologists.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Shasta
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
lon: -122.19488888889
surface_form: Mount Rainier
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.85166666666667
lon: -121.76027777777777
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mount rainier
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.85166666666667
lon: -121.76027777777777
surface_form: rainier
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.85166666666667
lon: -121.76027777777777
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
surface_form: shasta
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
lon: -122.19488888889
surface_form: mount shasta
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
lon: -122.19488888889
Given the large distribution of the historic eruption of Mount Mazama, Mazama Ash serves as a common geological marker. Mazama Ash had a minimum fallout area of, while ash from northwestern Washington's Glacier Peak volcano, known as Glacier Peak Ash, encompassed an area of more than.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Glacier Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.14972222
lon: -109.84944444
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.14972222
lon: -109.84944444
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.155013
lon: -117.293429
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.155013
lon: -117.293429
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
Mazama Ash had a minimum fallout area of, while ash from northwestern Washington's Glacier Peak volcano, known as Glacier Peak Ash, encompassed an area of more than. Mazama Ash is found at a higher layer than the Glacier Peak ash, estimated to have deposited over 13,000 years ago.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Glacier Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.14972222
lon: -109.84944444
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.155013
lon: -117.293429
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
With an age between 6,000 and 7,000 years, Mazama Ash corresponds to the estimated time for Mazama's climactic eruption 6,600 years ago, identified by radiocarbon dating of wood charred by ashflows. Some of the Glacier Peak ash has been found in strata beneath Mazama Ash in Washington state and in eastern Idaho, to the southeast of Glacier Peak.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Glacier Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
lon: -121.11416666666666
surface_form: glacier peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.11194444444445
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countries: United States
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countries: United States
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countries: United States
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.155013
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surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
Large, pyroclastic eruptions like the climactic eruption are unlikely for thousands of years. Similarly, the release of lethal gases like carbon dioxide from Crater Lake, similar to the eruption from Lake Nyos in Cameroon in 1986, is unlikely as a result of the natural mixing of deep and surface water within the lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Nyos
instance_of: Lake
countries: Cameroon
coordinates: lat: 6.4380555555556
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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A common variant of the legend recounts that Llao saw a beautiful Klamath woman, the daughter of a chief, and became angry when she refused his offer of immortality if she would be his consort. Furious, Llao emerged from Mazama and threw fire upon the people beneath the mountain, and Skell stood on Mount Shasta, trying to defend the people against Llao's fury.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Shasta
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
lon: -122.19488888889
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
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Sutton suggested the new name of &quot;Crater Lake&quot;. Mount Mazama received its English name in 1896 from William G. Steel, the founder of the climbing club The Mazamas, which formed at Mount Hood in 1894. The word comes from a Native American word meaning &quot;mountain goat&quot;, derived from an Aztec term to refer to &quot;small deer&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Hood
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.37361111111111
lon: -121.69583333333334
The Garfield Peak Trail, which runs east from the Crater Lake Lodge, offers views from above the lake's surface, with Mount Shasta visible southward. Another trail runs for from Rim Drive's eastern edge to Mount Scott, which offers views of central and southern Oregon such as the Three Sisters north of Mazama and Mount Thielsen, also to the north.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Thielsen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.152837292
lon: -122.066514283
surface_form: mount thielsen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.152837292
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Mount Mazama. Mount Mazama (Klamath: &quot;Tum-sum-ne&quot;) is a complex volcano in the western U.S. state of Oregon, in a segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc and Cascade Range. The volcano is in Klamath County, in the southern Cascades, north of the Oregon–California border.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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Crater Lake and Mazama's remnants sustain diverse ecosystems, which are closely monitored by the National Park Service because of their remoteness and ecological importance. Recreational activities including hiking, biking, snowshoeing, fishing, as well as cross-country skiing are available; during the summer, campgrounds and lodges at Crater Lake are open to visitors. Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
The Global Volcanism Program currently lists its elevation at. Crater Lake National Park. Crater Lake National Park covers an area of, including forest areas, alpine terrain, the Crater Lake, and the vast majority of Mount Mazama. A wilderness area, it was dedicated in 1902 and is overseen by the National Park Service.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
Glacial horns like the Watchman lava flow were also present, and the mountain may or may not have sustained glaciers close to the summit. At the time of its collapse, Mount Mazama encompassed an area of and represented one of the major volcanoes in the High Cascades branch of the greater Cascade Range.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
Mazama Ash. In the western United States and Canada, volcanic ash often forms distinct layers among recent geological deposits, which can be used for stratigraphy among geologists and archaeologists. Given the large distribution of the historic eruption of Mount Mazama, Mazama Ash serves as a common geological marker.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
Crater Lake is poorly monitored, and not highly active seismically among the Cascade volcanoes. The largest earthquake threat originates from the Cascadia subduction zone, which could produce earthquakes with a magnitude of 8 or 9 that could lead to huge waves in Crater Lake. Though the population within of Mount Mazama is only about 50 people, more than 270,000 live within of the volcano.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
Ecology. Crater Lake National Park and the area surrounding Mount Mazama range in elevation from, providing diverse habitats. In the Cascades, the topography and elevation have influenced local climate patterns, also shaping global climate when volcanic gas and dust have been released into the atmosphere.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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Human history. The Klamath Native Americans of the area believed that Mount Mazama was inhabited by Llao, their &quot;Chief of the Below World.&quot; After the mountain destroyed itself the Klamaths recounted the events as a great battle between Llao and his rival Skell, their sky god, or &quot;Chief of the Above World.&quot; The narrative has several slightly different iterations.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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surface_form: battle
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.9266
lon: -93.0291
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
lon: -122.0844711
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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As the earth shook and volcanic rock fell from the sky, two holy men sacrificed themselves to Mount Mazama's crater, and Skell was able to force Llao back into the volcano, which then collapsed on top of him; other accounts tell that Skell smashed the peak on top of Llao. Torrential rain followed, filling in the hole left by Mazama's collapse to form Crater Lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount mazama
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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surface_form: mazama
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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Some Native Americans still refuse to look at the water. During the 19th century, one Klamath leader named Lalek predicted scientific discoveries that described Mount Mazama's destruction, claiming that it had collapsed as a result of a particularly violent eruption. Geologists had not discovered this mechanism for caldera formation yet, but the hypothesis was recorded by the soldier William M.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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surface_form: mazama
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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B. Sprague, who thought they should name the lake &quot;Lake Majesty&quot;. Newspaper editor Jim Sutton and a group of people visited Crater Lake in August 1869, using a boat to reach Wizard Island and publishing an article about their experience in the Jacksonville newspaper. Sutton suggested the new name of &quot;Crater Lake&quot;. Mount Mazama received its English name in 1896 from William G.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
lon: -106.967
During the 1980s, Charles Bacon and other United States Geological Survey geologists expanded on Williams's work, determining more specific details about its caldera formation. Recreation. Located north of the city of Klamath Falls and northeast of Medford, Crater Lake can be reached from U.S. Route 97 on the east, on the southwest by Highway 62, and on the northwest by Highway 138.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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surface_form: crater lake
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countries: United States
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countries: United States
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coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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Mazama is dormant, but the U.S. Geological Survey says eruptions on a smaller scale are likely, which would pose a threat to its surroundings. Native Americans have inhabited the area around Mazama and Crater Lake for at least 10,000 years and the volcano plays an important role in local folklore. European-American settlers first reached the region in the mid-19th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.9165186
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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Before its caldera-forming eruption, Mazama stood at an elevation between, placing it about above the lake; this would have made it Oregon's highest peak. The Global Volcanism Program currently lists its elevation at. Crater Lake National Park. Crater Lake National Park covers an area of, including forest areas, alpine terrain, the Crater Lake, and the vast majority of Mount Mazama.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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Crater Lake formed from a network of lakes and ponds, eventually reaching a depth of. Lake levels rose while the Wizard Island landform inside the crater was forming. Water interacted with lava flows to form pillow lava. Because of climate change patterns over time, Crater Lake's surface level has changed, dropping as much as for example at the beginning of the 20th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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The water from precipitation nearly equals water lost to evaporation and drainage, most leakage taking place at the Wineglass deposit at the northern side of the crater, without which the lake would likely have overflowed at the northern side. Average snowfall in the Crater Lake area has been decreasing since the 1930s.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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Average snowfall in the Crater Lake area has been decreasing since the 1930s. Crater Lake's mean surface water temperatures have increased about since the 1960s. Though this may eventually cause algae to grow and obscure the water, Crater Lake remains one of the cleanest bodies of water in the world. Geology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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Likewise, the Red Cone Spring fault cuts through basaltic andesite deposits at Red Cone from 35,000 years ago; together, the two faults move at an average rate of each year. There do not appear to be faults present in the Crater Lake caldera wall, but the volcano induced a stress field in the upper crust nearby.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
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countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.0853
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Though it now has dimensions of and a width of, scientists think the original collapse diameter was. It now includes several small lava domes and cinder cones, including Wizard Island and the underwater volcano Merriam Cone. The highest elevation in the Mazama Complex is now Mount Scott, at an elevation of, with a relief of above Crater Lake's surface waters.

Geographic entities mentioned:
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instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
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instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
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countries: United States
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countries: United States
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countries: United States
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