Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
Elgin, Quebec. Elgin is a rural municipality in Quebec, Canada. The population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 389. It is located southwest of Huntingdon and bounded by the Trout and Châteauguay rivers and the Canada–United States border. History. The Municipality of the Township of Elgin was formed in 1855, with the present town hall being built in 1869.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Châteauguay rivers
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United States
Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.401
lon: -73.752
Mishipañahuin (possibly from Quechua &quot;mishi&quot; cat &quot;(misi, michi)&quot;, &quot;ñawi&quot; eye, &quot;-pa&quot;, &quot;-n&quot; suffixes, a kind of potato or a name for the common bean) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Marcapomacocha District. It lies northeast of Lake Marcapomacocha and at the shore of Lake Marcacocha.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Marcapomacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.40205
lon: -76.3465
surface_form: Lake Marcacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.37083333
lon: -76.345
surface_form: lake marcacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.37083333
lon: -76.345
surface_form: marcacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.37083333
lon: -76.345
Mishipañahuin. Mishipañahuin (possibly from Quechua &quot;mishi&quot; cat &quot;(misi, michi)&quot;, &quot;ñawi&quot; eye, &quot;-pa&quot;, &quot;-n&quot; suffixes, a kind of potato or a name for the common bean) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Marcapomacocha District.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mishipañahuin
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.3578
lon: -76.3211
Mishipañahuin (possibly from Quechua &quot;mishi&quot; cat &quot;(misi, michi)&quot;, &quot;ñawi&quot; eye, &quot;-pa&quot;, &quot;-n&quot; suffixes, a kind of potato or a name for the common bean) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru. It is located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Marcapomacocha District. It lies northeast of Lake Marcapomacocha and at the shore of Lake Marcacocha.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: marcapomacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.40205
lon: -76.3465
surface_form: marcapomacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -11.40205
lon: -76.3465
Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway. From Glade Creek, it is a hike to the Berry Creek Trail and then another to the trail junction. The Owl Creek Trail follows Owl Creek west then south and passes south of Forellen Peak. The trail requires numerous stream crossings which can be dangerous during spring melt. See also. List of hiking trails in Grand Teton National Park

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Forellen Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.0089
lon: -110.829
Adams Seamount. Adams Seamount (also known as Forty Mile Reef) is a submarine volcano above the Pitcairn hotspot in the central Pacific Ocean about southwest of Pitcairn Island. Geography and geomorphology. Adams is part of a field of about 90 seamounts east-southeast away from Pitcairn Island, and the largest of these. Adams lies southeast of another large seamount, Bounty Seamount.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams seamount
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -25.366666666667
lon: -129.26666666667
This hotspot is one among several hotspots in the Pacific Ocean, along with the Austral hotspot, Hawaii hotspot, Louisville hotspot, Samoa hotspot and Society hotspot. The seamounts rise from a 30 million years old crust. Alkali basalt, trachyte and tholeiite have been dredged from Adams Seamount. Eruption history.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams seamount
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -25.366666666667
lon: -129.26666666667
Alkali basalt, trachyte and tholeiite have been dredged from Adams Seamount. Eruption history. The fresh appearance of samples and the lack of sedimentation indicates that Adams Seamount is a recently active seamount. Potassium-argon dating of rocks dredged from Adams Seamount has yielded Holocene ages, including one age of 3,000 ± 1,000 years before present.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams seamount
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -25.366666666667
lon: -129.26666666667
Eruption history. The fresh appearance of samples and the lack of sedimentation indicates that Adams Seamount is a recently active seamount. Potassium-argon dating of rocks dredged from Adams Seamount has yielded Holocene ages, including one age of 3,000 ± 1,000 years before present. Other ages range from 4,000 - 7,000 years before present.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams seamount
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -25.366666666667
lon: -129.26666666667
Potassium-argon dating of rocks dredged from Adams Seamount has yielded Holocene ages, including one age of 3,000 ± 1,000 years before present. Other ages range from 4,000 - 7,000 years before present. Unlike Bounty, Adams Seamount displays no active hydrothermal system. Biology. Adams seamount features a coral reef, one of the deepest tropical reefs in the world.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams seamount
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -25.366666666667
lon: -129.26666666667
Unlike Bounty, Adams Seamount displays no active hydrothermal system. Biology. Adams seamount features a coral reef, one of the deepest tropical reefs in the world. It is mainly formed by &quot;Pocillopora sp.&quot; and &quot;Porites deformis&quot; corals, but also many reef fish and sharks; it is used as a fishing ground by Pitcairn. Adams seamount is part of the Pitcairn Islands Marine Reserve.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: adams seamount
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: -25.366666666667
lon: -129.26666666667
Located in the Shasta Cascade region above the northern Sacramento Valley, it is the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range of the Western United States, and part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc stretching from southwestern British Columbia to Northern California. It supports many flora and fauna among its diverse habitats, which reach high elevations and are subject to frequent snowfall.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Sacramento Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39
lon: -121.5
On May 22, 1915, a powerful explosive eruption at Lassen Peak devastated nearby areas, and spread volcanic ash as far as to the east. This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions from 1914 through 1917. Lassen Peak and Mount St. Helens in Washington were the only two volcanoes within the contiguous United States to erupt during the 20th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount St. Helens
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
surface_form: st. helens
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
Nearby towns include Mineral in Tehama County and Viola in Shasta County. Lassen Peak reaches an elevation of, according to 1992 data from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey; 1981 data from the Geographic Names Information System lists the mountain's elevation at. Lassen Peak marks the southernmost major volcano in the Cascade Range, rising above the northern Sacramento Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Sacramento Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39
lon: -121.5
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Lassen Peak marks the southernmost major volcano in the Cascade Range, rising above the northern Sacramento Valley. Bounded by the Sacramento Valley and the Klamath Mountains to the west and the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the south, it is the second tallest peak in the California segment of the Cascades, behind the Mount Shasta, which lies to the north.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Shasta
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.409197222222
lon: -122.19488888889
surface_form: sacramento valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39
lon: -121.5
Within the region, most if not all of the volcanic rock has erupted in the past 3 million years. During this period, at least five large andesitic stratovolcanoes (such as Mount Maidu) formed in the vicinity of Lassen Volcanic National Park, building volcanic cones before going extinct and undergoing erosion.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Maidu
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: 40.29888888888889
lon: -121.61694444444444
This deposit, referred to as the Rockland tephra, reaches up to several inches in thickness within the San Francisco Bay area, and can be found as far as northern Nevada and southern Idaho. The same eruption also formed one of three known calderas within the Cascade, the others being Crater Lake and the Kulshan Caldera at Mount Baker.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Crater Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: Mount Baker
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.7773426
lon: -121.8132008
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.943611111111
lon: -122.10666666667
surface_form: crater lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.9382689
lon: -121.8620654
As the lava dome grew it shattered overlaying rock, which formed a blanket of angular talus around the emerging steep-sided volcano. Likely resembling the nearby 1,100-year-old Chaos Crags, Lassen Peak reached its present height in a relatively short time, probably in just a few years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Chaos Crags
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.524166666667
lon: -121.52111111111
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: chaos crags
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.524166666667
lon: -121.52111111111
Likely resembling the nearby 1,100-year-old Chaos Crags, Lassen Peak reached its present height in a relatively short time, probably in just a few years. Within the past 1,000 years or so, activity at Lassen Peak has produced six dacite lava domes, erupted tephra and pyroclastic flows, and built Cinder Cone and the Fantastic Lava Beds. It also created the rockfalls at Chaos Jumbles.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cinder Cone and the Fantastic Lava Beds
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.547386111111
lon: -121.31997222222
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The first white man to reach Lassen Peak was Jedediah Smith, who passed through the area in 1821 as he made his way for the western coast of the United States. After the California Gold Rush brought increased numbers of settlers into the area, Lassen Peak was named in honor of a Danish blacksmith, Peter Lassen, who guided immigrants past the peak to the Sacramento Valley during the 1830s.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Sacramento Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39
lon: -121.5
surface_form: sacramento valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39
lon: -121.5
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
During its eruptions in the early 20th century, Lassen Peak attracted widespread media attention as the first volcano to erupt in the United States during the 20th century. Unlike eruptions at Mount Baker, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, or Mount Hood during the 19th century, Lassen Peak's eruptions
were very well documented by newspapers and extensively photographed.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Rainier
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.85166666666667
lon: -121.76027777777777
surface_form: Mount Hood
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.37361111111111
lon: -121.69583333333334
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
On July 23, 2012, a lightning strike started the Reading Fire to the northeast of the Paradise Meadow region, which was contained after it reached an area of. During the summer and fall of 2016, the National Park Service carried out prescribed fires to help reduce the amount of fuel available for fires in the Mineral Headquarters area and the Manzanita and Juniper Lake areas, respectively.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: juniper lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.4533
lon: -121.308
Subfeatures. The Lassen volcanic center includes Brokeoff Volcano, Lassen's dacitic lava dome, and a number of small andesitic shield volcanoes found northeast of Lassen Peak. The Lassen dome field includes 30 dacitic lava domes such as Bumpass Mountain, Mount Helen, Ski Heil Peak, and Reading Peak; other major lava domes include Chaos Crags, Eagle Peak, Sunflower Flat, and Vulcans Castle.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: eagle peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.6769
lon: -108.577
surface_form: mount helen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.1511
lon: -109.631
surface_form: mount helen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
surface_form: chaos crags
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.524166666667
lon: -121.52111111111
Other plants found in the Lassen Peak area consist of coyote mint, lupines, mule's ears, ferns, corn lilies, red mountain heathers, pinemat manzanitas, greenleaf manzanitas, bush chinquapins, catchflies, Fremont's butterweed, buckwheat, granite gilia, mountain pride, mariposa tulips, creambush, and a variety of chaparral shrubs.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: red mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.4867
lon: -86.8064
surface_form: red mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.3918
lon: -121.145
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
No volcanic activity took place 190,000 years ago to roughly 90,000 years ago, but during the last 100,000 years, there have been at least 12 periods of eruptive activity in the Lassen volcanic center, and since 90,000 years ago, the Twin Lakes sequence has been producing mixed lavas with variable appearances and compositions, including andesite and basaltic andesite lava flows and agglutinated volcanic cones (made of fused pyroclastic rocks) located by the Lassen dome field.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: twin lakes
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 27.893888888889
lon: -81.594722222222
surface_form: twin lakes
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 27.893888888889
lon: -81.594722222222
surface_form: twin lakes
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.4834018
lon: -74.9490486
surface_form: twin lakes
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.4834018
lon: -74.9490486
surface_form: lassen volcanic center
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Physical geography. Lassen Peak has the highest known winter snowfall amounts in California, with an average annual snowfall of; in some years, more than of snow falls at its base elevation of at Lake Helen. The Lassen Peak area receives more precipitation (rain, sleet, hail, snow, etc.) than anywhere in the Cascade Range south of the Three Sisters volcanoes in Oregon.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake helen
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6182972
lon: -89.2417219
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Lassen Peak's first recorded ascent took place in 1851, led by Grover K. Godfrey. In 1864, painter Helen Tanner Brodt became the first woman to reach the summit of Lassen Peak, wanting to sketch the surrounding landscape. A tarn lake on Lassen Peak is named &quot;Lake Helen&quot; in her honor.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
During February 1921, white steam erupted from eastern fissures on the volcano. In total, about 400 eruptions were observed between 1914 and 1921, which were the last eruptions in the Cascades before the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, which was the only other volcanic eruption in the contiguous United States during the 20th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount st. helens
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
surface_form: st. helens
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
As a result, additional surveys using the Global Positioning System took place in 2004, and further InSAR surveys showed that subsidence continued through 2010. Lassen Peak is one of four Cascade volcanoes that has undergone subsidence since 1990, with Medicine Lake Volcano, Mount Baker, and Mount St. Helens.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount st. helens
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
surface_form: st. helens
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.200277777778
lon: -122.18944444444
Unlike more conventional, conical stratovolcanoes like Mount Shasta or Mount Rainier, Lassen Peak is part of a volcanic center that erupts from different vents, which each remain active for a number of years or decades but often do not erupt from the same vent twice, also known as a monogenetic volcanic field.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount rainier
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.85166666666667
lon: -121.76027777777777
surface_form: rainier
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 46.85166666666667
lon: -121.76027777777777
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The same eruption also formed one of three known calderas within the Cascade, the others being Crater Lake and the Kulshan Caldera at Mount Baker. Shortly after, the Lassen volcanic center, a cluster of closely spaced volcanoes, formed in the area, covering the nearby caldera. During the late Pleistocene it produced andesite lava flows that built the Brokeoff composite volcano (stratovolcano).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen volcanic center
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The Chaos Crags, a series of five small lava domes, represent the youngest part of Lassen volcanic center's dome field, reaching an elevation of about above their surroundings.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen volcanic center
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Cinder Cone, which reaches an elevation of above its surrounding area in the northeastern region of the Lassen Volcanic National Park, forms a symmetrical pyroclastic cone. The youngest mafic volcano in the Lassen volcanic center, it is surrounded by unvegetated block lava and has concentric craters at its summit.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen volcanic center
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Lassen Peak. Lassen Peak (), commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is a lava dome volcano in Lassen Volcanic National Park in Northern California.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Lassen Peak. Lassen Peak (), commonly referred to as Mount Lassen, is a lava dome volcano in Lassen Volcanic National Park in Northern California.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: mount lassen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
It supports many flora and fauna among its diverse habitats, which reach high elevations and are subject to frequent snowfall. Lassen Peak has a volume of, making it one of the largest lava domes on Earth. The volcano arose from the former northern flank of now-eroded Mount Tehama about 27,000 years ago, from a series of eruptions over the course of a few years.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The mountain has been significantly eroded by glaciers over the last 25,000 years, and is now covered in talus deposits. On May 22, 1915, a powerful explosive eruption at Lassen Peak devastated nearby areas, and spread volcanic ash as far as to the east. This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions from 1914 through 1917. Lassen Peak and Mount St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The park, along with the nearby Lassen National Forest and Lassen Peak, have become popular destinations for recreational activities, including climbing, hiking, backpacking, snowshoeing, kayaking, and backcountry skiing. Lassen Peak is dormant, meaning the volcano is merely inactive, and it has a functioning magma chamber under the ground still capable of eruptions.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Thus it poses a threat to the nearby area through lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars (volcanically induced mudslides, landslides, and debris flows), ash, avalanches, and floods. To monitor this threat, Lassen Peak and the surrounding vicinity are closely observed with sensors by the California Volcano Observatory. Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
To monitor this threat, Lassen Peak and the surrounding vicinity are closely observed with sensors by the California Volcano Observatory. Geography. Lassen Peak lies within Lassen Volcanic National Park, in Shasta County, California, east of the city of Redding. Lassen Peak and the rest of the National Park area are surrounded by the Lassen National Forest, which has an area of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Geography. Lassen Peak lies within Lassen Volcanic National Park, in Shasta County, California, east of the city of Redding. Lassen Peak and the rest of the National Park area are surrounded by the Lassen National Forest, which has an area of. Nearby towns include Mineral in Tehama County and Viola in Shasta County. Lassen Peak reaches an elevation of, according to 1992 data from the U.S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Lassen Peak and the rest of the National Park area are surrounded by the Lassen National Forest, which has an area of. Nearby towns include Mineral in Tehama County and Viola in Shasta County. Lassen Peak reaches an elevation of, according to 1992 data from the U.S. National Geodetic Survey; 1981 data from the Geographic Names Information System lists the mountain's elevation at.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Physical geography. Lassen Peak has the highest known winter snowfall amounts in California, with an average annual snowfall of; in some years, more than of snow falls at its base elevation of at Lake Helen. The Lassen Peak area receives more precipitation (rain, sleet, hail, snow, etc.) than anywhere in the Cascade Range south of the Three Sisters volcanoes in Oregon.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Though the volcano lies too far to the south to support a permanent snow cover over the entire mountain, the heavy annual snowfall on Lassen Peak creates fourteen permanent patches of snow on and around the mountain top, but no glaciers. Lightning has been known to strike the area frequently during summer thunderstorms. These can initiate fires.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Ecology. Lassen Peak supports a variety of flora that include mountain hemlock, whitebark pine, and alpine wildflowers. Mountain hemlocks generally only reach an elevation of, while whitebark pines reach up to.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
About 3 million years ago, the southern limit of active volcanoes in the Cascades corresponded to the Yana Volcanic Center to the south of Lassen Peak, but currently the southern edge of the Lassen Volcanic National Park now marks the same border, indicating that the Cascade Arc's southern end migrates at a rate of annually.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Local activity began 600,000 years ago with the formation of Brokeoff Volcano (alternatively known as Mount Tehama). Around the same time, about 614,000 years ago, an explosive eruption southwest of Lassen Peak produced of pumice and ash, covering the area between the vent and what is now the city of Ventura, California.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The bowl-shaped depression on the volcano's northeastern flank, called a cirque, was eroded by a glacier that extended out from the dome. By 18,000 years ago, Lassen Peak started to form a mound-shaped dacite lava dome, pushing its way through Tehama's former northern flank.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
It also created the rockfalls at Chaos Jumbles. The only active Cascade volcano with an elevation above that is not a stratovolcano, Lassen Peak is a rhyodacitic lava dome. It represents one of the largest lava domes on Earth, with a height of above its surroundings, and an approximate volume of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Subfeatures. The Lassen volcanic center includes Brokeoff Volcano, Lassen's dacitic lava dome, and a number of small andesitic shield volcanoes found northeast of Lassen Peak. The Lassen dome field includes 30 dacitic lava domes such as Bumpass Mountain, Mount Helen, Ski Heil Peak, and Reading Peak; other major lava domes include Chaos Crags, Eagle Peak, Sunflower Flat, and Vulcans Castle.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The Lassen dome field includes 30 dacitic lava domes such as Bumpass Mountain, Mount Helen, Ski Heil Peak, and Reading Peak; other major lava domes include Chaos Crags, Eagle Peak, Sunflower Flat, and Vulcans Castle. Nearby shield volcanoes include Prospect Peak and West Prospect Peak, and there are three cones close to Lassen Peak: Cinder Cone, Hat Mountain, and Raker Peak.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Nearby shield volcanoes include Prospect Peak and West Prospect Peak, and there are three cones close to Lassen Peak: Cinder Cone, Hat Mountain, and Raker Peak. The hydrothermal area inside the Lassen Peak volcanic center, with features located southeast and southwest of Lassen Peak, represents the largest geothermal area in the United States besides the one present at Yellowstone National Park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
In addition, an old willow bush growing near the summit crater that was documented during the 1850s was still present in the 1880s after the alleged eruptions, suggesting that no eruptions took place during the 1850s. Human history. The areas surrounding Lassen Peak, especially to its east, south, and southeast, represented a meeting ground for Maidu, Yana, Yahi, and Atsugewi Native Americans.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Godfrey. In 1864, painter Helen Tanner Brodt became the first woman to reach the summit of Lassen Peak, wanting to sketch the surrounding landscape. A tarn lake on Lassen Peak is named &quot;Lake Helen&quot; in her honor. The Bumpass Hell, a hydrothermal vent area near Lassen Peak, was named after a pioneer who suffered burns there and lost his leg shortly after.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
A tarn lake on Lassen Peak is named &quot;Lake Helen&quot; in her honor. The Bumpass Hell, a hydrothermal vent area near Lassen Peak, was named after a pioneer who suffered burns there and lost his leg shortly after. Other historic names for Lassen Peak include Mount Joseph (from 1827), Snow Butte, Sister Buttes, and Mount Lassen. Lassen Volcanic National Park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The Bumpass Hell, a hydrothermal vent area near Lassen Peak, was named after a pioneer who suffered burns there and lost his leg shortly after. Other historic names for Lassen Peak include Mount Joseph (from 1827), Snow Butte, Sister Buttes, and Mount Lassen. Lassen Volcanic National Park. United States President Theodore Roosevelt established the Lassen Peak National Monument in 1907.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
United States President Theodore Roosevelt established the Lassen Peak National Monument in 1907. Despite Native population claims that Lassen Peak was &quot;full of fire and water&quot; and would erupt again, this motion was based on the general belief that Lassen Peak was now extinct, and that its vicinity contained intriguing volcanic phenomena, which could be studied and observed.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The Twin Lakes sequence includes the construction of the Chaos Crag dome complex between 1100 and 1000 years ago and eruptions at Lassen Peak beginning in 1914. Prior to 1914, Lassen Peak likely underwent at least one explosive eruption, which created a summit crater deep with a diameter of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Due to their small size and thin deposits, the 1915 eruptions will likely not be well-preserved geologically. After 1915, steam explosions continued for several years, indicating extremely hot rock beneath Lassen Peak's surface.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
In May 1917, an especially strong steam explosion formed the northern crater on Lassen Peak's summit, with eruptions lasting two days and producing an ash cloud that extended into the sky. Another 21 explosions occurred in June, further transforming the crater and creating a new vent on Lassen Peak's northwestern summit.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
His photographs have been used to help understand the timeline and geology of the 1915 eruptions of Lassen Peak. One of Lassen Peak's 1917 eruptions was captured on film by Justin Hammer from the nearby Catfish Lake. Originally silent, the film features sound effects added by his grandson, Craig Martin. The film was rediscovered and published in 2015 by the Shasta Historical Society.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Volcanic eruptions occur with similar frequency to major earthquakes from the San Andreas Fault, and at least 10 eruptions have taken place within the state during the past 1,000 years, the most recent at Lassen Peak.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Moreover, the Lassen volcanic center poses threats to visitors from sudden avalanches that could be entirely unrelated to eruptive activity. Due to the threat of an avalanche from nearby Chaos Crag if volcanic activity renewed in the area or an earthquake occurred, the Visitor Center for Lassen Peak located at Manzanita Lake closed in 1974.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
The United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, has been monitoring Lassen Peak and other volcanic areas in the park with tiltmeters, seismometers, and inclinometers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lassen peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
A tarn lake on Lassen Peak is named &quot;Lake Helen&quot; in her honor. The Bumpass Hell, a hydrothermal vent area near Lassen Peak, was named after a pioneer who suffered burns there and lost his leg shortly after. Other historic names for Lassen Peak include Mount Joseph (from 1827), Snow Butte, Sister Buttes, and Mount Lassen. Lassen Volcanic National Park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount lassen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.488055555555555
lon: -121.505
Rise to power. Born in Brescia, Desiderius was originally a royal officer, the &quot;dux&quot; of Tuscia and he became king after the death of Aistulf in 756. At that time, Aistulf's predecessor, Ratchis, left his monastic retreat of Montecassino and tried to seize the kingdom, but Desiderius put his revolt down quickly with the support of Pope Stephen II.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Montecassino
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 41.49
lon: 13.813888888889
The city occupies a strategic location, sitting in a natural harbour at the extremity of Haifa Bay on the coast of the Mediterranean's Levantine Sea. Aside from coastal trading, it was an important waypoint on the region's coastal road and the road cutting inland along the Jezreel Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Jezreel Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Israel
coordinates: lat: 32.596388888889
lon: 35.241944444444
Sew Ditch. Sew Ditch is a minor, long river—brook—and drainage ditch of the Pevensey Levels in Hailsham, Wealden District of East Sussex, England. It rises from Kentland Sewer and flows southerly into Burgh Fleet and Monkham Sewer.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Burgh Fleet and Monkham Sewer
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United Kingdom
Although it is adaptable to habitat disturbance, loss of cloud forest is a potential threat to it. Also chytridiomycosis can have negative impacts. It is present in a number of protected areas, including Cofre de Perote National Park, Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, and Cuenca Hidrográfica Río Necaxa.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cofre de Perote National Park
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Mexico
coordinates: lat: 19.491944444444446
lon: -97.15
Loch Drunkie. Loch Drunkie (,) is a small freshwater loch in the Trossachs near Aberfoyle in the Stirling council area, Scotland. Geography. This picturesque and irregular Highland loch is shut on all sides by high hills. Fishing. Since the 19th century, the loch has been well-known for containing a good stock of pike and brown trout.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: loch drunkie
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 56.20891
lon: -4.349618
Nalishkêne. Nalişkêne (ناڵشکێنه‌) is the nearest mountain to the city of Bukan in West Azarbaijan Province of Iran. It is in the Zagros Mountains range. History. It has a symbolic importance in Kurdish literature. Graves of two Kurdish musicians, Hesen Zîrek and Qale Mere, are on this mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nalishkêne
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iran
Nalishkêne. Nalişkêne (ناڵشکێنه‌) is the nearest mountain to the city of Bukan in West Azarbaijan Province of Iran. It is in the Zagros Mountains range. History. It has a symbolic importance in Kurdish literature. Graves of two Kurdish musicians, Hesen Zîrek and Qale Mere, are on this mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: nalişkêne
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iran
First described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1805, it is characterised by its small to medium-sized grey thallus with a cracked upper surface and smooth reproductive structures. The species has a primarily Holarctic distribution, being found across Europe from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, with populations occurring from sea level to alpine elevations around.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fennoscandia
instance_of: Landform
countries: Norway
Sweden
Finland
Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 63
lon: 17
Habitat and distribution. &quot;Umbilicaria leiocarpa&quot; is predominantly found in the alpine regions of Fennoscandia, although its presence extends across Europe. In Fennoscandia, it is largely found in similar locales to &quot;Umbilicaria rigida&quot;, albeit it is absent from northern Lapland and adjacent parts of Norway—a notable exception given the abundant &quot;U.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fennoscandia
instance_of: Landform
countries: Norway
Sweden
Finland
Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 63
lon: 17
Duchy of Anhalt. The Duchy of Anhalt () was a historical German duchy. The duchy was located between the Harz Mountains in the west and the River Elbe and beyond to the Fläming Heath in the east. The territory was once ruled by the House of Ascania, and is now part of the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. History. Anhalt's origins lie in the Principality of Anhalt, a state of the Holy Roman Empire.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Elbe
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Czech Republic
Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.922222222222224
lon: 8.722222222222221
Geography. In the west, the land is undulating and in the extreme southwest, where it forms part of the Harz range, mountainous, the Ramberg peak being the tallest at 1900 ft (579 m). From the Harz, the country gently slopes down to the Saale; between this river and the Elbe is fertile country.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Elbe
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Czech Republic
Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.922222222222224
lon: 8.722222222222221
Guariviara River. The Guariviara River is a river of Panama. It drains into the southeast shore of Chiriquí Lagoon. &quot;The Guariviara is a river that suffers catastrophic flooding; in its mouth, the river has built a powerful delta cone&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Chiriquí Lagoon
instance_of: Lake
countries: Panama
coordinates: lat: 9.033333333333333
lon: -82.01666666666667
Hochwurzen. Hochwurzen is a ski area located in Austria. It is part of the Schladminger 4-Berge-Schaukel, which are four interconnected mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: hochwurzen
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Austria
coordinates: lat: 47.359925
lon: 13.639535
In Chichewa, &quot;malaŵí&quot; means &quot;flames&quot;. According to Samuel Josia Ntara's &quot;Mbiri ya Achewa&quot; (1944/5)&quot;,&quot; &quot;Malawi&quot; referred to an area along Lake Malawi where a Chewa king and his people settled long ago. Chewa tradition says when they first saw Lake Malawi from the highlands, it looked like a mirage or flames.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Malawi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania
coordinates: lat: -12.183333333333
lon: 34.366666666667
Chewa tradition says when they first saw Lake Malawi from the highlands, it looked like a mirage or flames. Subsequently, the land between Lake Malombe and the was called &quot;Malawi&quot;, and they referred to themselves as &quot;Amalawi&quot;. Origins. The Chewa have two different traditions of origin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Malombe
instance_of: Lake
countries: Malawi
coordinates: lat: -14.666666666667
lon: 35.25
While these figures specialised in ritual authority, they also held substantial secular authority, although Kamundi (of the Mbewe clan) likely nominally held secular leadership. Engagement with the Indian Ocean trade likely began around the 13th century through the Lake Malawi-Lake Tanganyika corridor, with the main export being ivory.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Malawi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania
coordinates: lat: -12.183333333333
lon: 34.366666666667
surface_form: Lake Tanganyika
instance_of: Lake
countries: Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Burundi
Zambia
coordinates: lat: -6.1
lon: 29.5
One of these was Choma, either a river in Zambia flowing into Lake Mweru which the first Kalonga (king) and his people was said to have crossed, a mountain in Mzimba District (thought to have a burial site of a Kalonga), or a place in southern Zambia. Clan names are said to have been created there.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Mweru
instance_of: Lake
countries: Zambia
Democratic Republic of the Congo
coordinates: lat: -9.1666666666667
lon: 28.5
Possibly after a succession dispute, Kaphiti and Lundu broke away to the south to establish their own kingdoms. Kalonga sent Changamire south to expand the state and found new settlements, as he intended to migrate north. After their population outgrew the land at Mawere a Nyangu, they finally moved onto Msangu wa Machete, which was near the Nadzipulu River (in Dedza District) and Lake Malawi.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Malawi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania
coordinates: lat: -12.183333333333
lon: 34.366666666667
Kaphiti and Lundu had settled southwest either near Utale or the Wankurumadzi River in Mwanza-Neno districts, coming to rule over the Chipeta (regional proto-Chewa) there. Kaphiti grew powerful, extending over the Lower Shire Valley, the Shire Highlands, Mulanje, and areas in modern-day Mozambique. Later, Lundu left to establish his own kingdom further south at Mbewe near Chiromo.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Shire Highlands
instance_of: Plateau
countries: Malawi
coordinates: lat: -15.64684105
lon: 35.12557983
Chinese porcelain dating to the 16th century has been uncovered at Mankhamba. The Maravi exported iron tools, especially to the Portuguese, and cloth called &quot;machila&quot;, which was cheaper and often preferred to Indian cloth due to its durability. Salt from Lake Malawi was also traded to the interior. There were plenty of elephants in the area, and ivory was a popular trade good.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Malawi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania
coordinates: lat: -12.183333333333
lon: 34.366666666667
Old Yale Road. The Old Yale Road is a historic early wagon road between New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada and Yale, British Columbia, and servicing the Fraser Valley of the British Columbia Lower Mainland in the late 19th century and into the early 20th. It eventually became an early highway route for automobiles through the valley and into the British Columbia interior beyond Yale.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fraser Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.108333333333
lon: -122.29166666667
The route of Yale Road ran from New Westminster in a southeasterly direction through Langley Prairie and Aldergrove to Abbotsford. The road proceeded to curve south to follow a path along the south shore of Sumas Lake and along the north base of the Vedder Mountains through Yarrow, Vedder Crossing, north to Sardis and Chilliwack.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Sumas Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 49.07
lon: -122.09
Lazarus Barla. Lazarus (&quot;Lajarus&quot;) Barla (born April 11, 1979 in Tilaikani, near Sundargarh, Odisha) is a field hockey defender from India, who belongs to the Oraon tribe of Chota Nagpur. He made his international senior debut for the India men's national team in January 1998 during the test series against Germany.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Chota Nagpur
instance_of: Plateau
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 23
lon: 85
The Great Depression caused prices of fish and copper, which were vital to Alaska's economy at the time, to decline. Wages were dropped and the workforce decreased by more than half. In the mid-1930s, President Franklin D. Roosevelt thought Americans from agricultural areas could be transferred to Alaska's Matanuska-Susitna Valley for a fresh chance at agricultural self-sustainment.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Matanuska-Susitna Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 61.3833
lon: -150.25