Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
North of Pinhead Buttes, the volcanoes in this region are older and less tall, usually between in elevation. South of Pinhead Buttes, the Cascades becomes younger Pleistocene volcanoes, which often have glaciers. Mount Jefferson may form part of a long-lasting intracrustal melting and magma storage area that encompasses an area of, where relatively little mafic eruptive activity has occurred.

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Quaternary volcanic production rates in the Cascade Range from Jefferson to Crater Lake have averaged per mile of arc length per million years. In the area surrounding Mount Jefferson, monogenetic volcanoes constructed an upland area composed of basaltic lava flows and small volcanic vents.

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There are several hundred other basaltic volcanoes within the central Oregon High Cascades, extending up to away. Mount Jefferson overlies an silicic volcanic field from the early Pleistocene. Between five and six million years old, the field reaches north from Jefferson to Olallie Butte, and it covers an area of.

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The field is also likely underlain by a batholith, a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called a pluton) that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano, made up of basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite overlying basaltic shield volcanoes, with andesite and more silicic (rich in silica) rock forming the majority of the mountain.

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The volcano constitutes a small stratovolcano within the Cascades, with a current volume of, though prior to erosion and other alterations over time, it may have been as large as in volume at one time. Mount Jefferson has been significantly altered by erosion, and represents one of the most eroded stratovolcanoes in the state of Oregon.

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This feature, known as the West Milk Creek cirque, includes the two Milk Creek glaciers and extends into the interior of Mount Jefferson, exposing tephra and pyroclastic rock in the main volcanic cone. The final two advances of glaciers during the Pleistocene removed about a third of the volcano's original volume, decreasing the overall elevation by.

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Basalt at Mount Jefferson contains olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase phenocryst crystals, while basaltic andesite phenocrysts include plagioclase (variable among samples), clinopyroxene, olivine, orthopyroxene, and occasionally, magnetite. Dacite and rhyodacite samples show amphibole, plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, magnetite, apatite, and every so often ilmenite.

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Subfeatures. Volcanic activity in the vicinity of Mount Jefferson tends to originate from either stratovolcanoes that erupt for thousands of years or monogenetic volcanoes, which only erupt for a brief period of time before going extinct. At least 35 volcanic vents can be detected within of the main volcanic cone at Mount Jefferson.

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These have produced andesitic and dacitic lava flows, lava domes, small shield volcanoes, and lava aprons. Basalt lava flows, at least two of which are younger than 7,700 years old, have been produced from four monogenetic volcanoes to the south of Jefferson, and they are not directly related to activity at the Mount Jefferson volcano.

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The Mount Jefferson vicinity contains at least 40 of the 190 documented lava domes in the Oregon Cascades, including the tall Goat's Peak dome; it also contains monogenetic tuyas (flat-topped, steep-sided volcanoes formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet) and emplacements of hyaloclastite among mafic lava flows.

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Made up of red to gray cinders, some are loose and agglutinated, and some contain intrusive rock plugs, while others do not. Cinder cones south of Mount Jefferson erupted lava flows, such as Forked Butte and North Cinder Peak. About 1,000 years ago, the South Cinder Peak cinder cone erupted, generating a lava flow that reached Marion Lake.

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Cinder cones south of Mount Jefferson erupted lava flows, such as Forked Butte and North Cinder Peak. About 1,000 years ago, the South Cinder Peak cinder cone erupted, generating a lava flow that reached Marion Lake. Other volcanic cones associated with Mount Jefferson include Forked Butte and Horseshoe Cone. Eruptive history.

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About 1,000 years ago, the South Cinder Peak cinder cone erupted, generating a lava flow that reached Marion Lake. Other volcanic cones associated with Mount Jefferson include Forked Butte and Horseshoe Cone. Eruptive history. Scientists lack a comprehensive record of activity at Mount Jefferson, as important details have been obscured by the erosion of deposits by large glaciers.

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These eruptions took place amidst the last glacial period and indicate interaction of lava with ice. They erupted dacite lava flows and silicic lava domes from vents east of the former central cone, and were influenced by ice on Mount Jefferson, which prevented them from diffusing across the volcano's flanks.

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This eruption may have excavated the existing crater, but if that were the case, eruptions have since refilled the area and obscured evidence of a crater-forming event. Eruptions around the same time period yielded pyroclastic flows that coursed down the Whitewater River drainage of the eastern side of Mount Jefferson, and the Whitewater Creek on the volcano's western flank.

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The last eruption occurred about a thousand years ago at a cinder cone on the flank of the South Cinder Peak cone. Recent activity and potential hazards. The basaltic lava flows produced from four monogenetic vents near Mount Jefferson indicate that the local region could produce future eruptions and could be considered active.

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Mount Jefferson itself is listed with a &quot;Low/Very Low&quot; threat potential by the United States Geological Survey, but the agency has noted that &quot;it may be too soon to regard Mount Jefferson as extinct.&quot; In a 1987 report, Richard P. Hoblitt and other USGS scientists estimated that the yearly likelihood for a major explosive eruption at Jefferson does not exceed 1 in 100,000.

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However, given the incomplete geologic record, imprecise dating of its known deposits, and its lack of relatively recent activity, scientists from the United States Geological Survey have commented that &quot;It is almost impossible to estimate the probability of future eruptions at Mount Jefferson.&quot; They have designated proximal and distal hazard zones for the volcano, which extend and several tens of miles, respectively.

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An eruption from the volcano would threaten the immediate surrounding area, in addition to places downstream near river valleys or downwind that could be affected by ashfall. Lahars (volcanically induced mudslides, landslides, and debris flows) and tephra could extend far from the volcano, and Mount Jefferson may also produce pyroclastic flows, lava domes, and lava flows.

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In addition to the hazards from eruptions at Mount Jefferson, other safety threats include debris avalanches and lahars, which could be caused without an eruption as a result of the failure of glacial moraine dams; this has happened in the past at Jefferson. Even a small or mid-sized landslide could create lahars that travel far from the volcano.

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Flooding at one of the many lakes on the flanks of Jefferson could spawn lahars in the future. Many scientists think mudflows represent the largest threat at Jefferson. Seismic activity at Mount Jefferson is monitored by a regional network of seismic meters operated by the United States Geological Survey at the University of Washington's Geophysics Department.

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Human history. A Native American name for the mountain is Seekseekqua; its English name, Mount Jefferson (originally called Mount Vancouver by the British) was decided in honor of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The expedition, which was sponsored by President Jefferson, first saw the peak from the mouth of the Willamette River on March 30, 1806.

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Walter Eaton later described Mount Jefferson as &quot;the most remote, the most inaccessible and alluring&quot; mountain in Oregon, writing that Jefferson and Mount Hood &quot;seem to hold mystic converse with one another over the canyons between.&quot;
Mount Jefferson's glaciers were named by Oregon Bureau of Mines scientist Ira A.

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Hodge, publishing a report on the volcano's glaciers and geology in 1925. His report focused on the sequence of volcanic rocks at Jefferson, in addition to its physiography and glaciology. Aerial photographic surveys of the glaciers at Jefferson were conducted by the Mazamas, a hiking club from Portland, during the 20th century.

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The Warm Springs Tribal Council does not permit access to the volcano's eastern side, so only the western flanks can be used by the public. The western side can be reached from the Oregon Route 22 highway. Jefferson Park, on the northern slope of the mountain, can be reached on foot by taking the Whitewater Trail and following the Pacific Crest Trail for.

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Mount Jefferson can be climbed, but the route is challenging, especially the pinnacle of the summit. Nearly annually, at least one climber attempting Jefferson perishes. Because of the hazards and difficulty of climbing Mount Jefferson, the U.S. National Geodetic Survey recommends that only experienced climbers try to climb it.

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Carnivores, insectivores, bats, rodents, deer, birds, and various other species inhabit the area. Also known as Seekseekqua by Native American populations, the volcano was named after United States President Thomas Jefferson, and was first ascended by E. C. Cross and R. L. Farmer in 1888.

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Reaching an elevation of, the volcano has a proximal relief of. It is not usually visible from the city of Portland, though it is visible on clear days from Salem and can be noticed from highways to both the east and the west of the Cascade Range. The average elevation of the terrain around Jefferson is, meaning that Jefferson's cone rises nearly above its surroundings. Wilderness.

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A number of these lakes breached during the 20th century and inundated Jefferson Park and the Jefferson Creek drainage under Waldo Glacier. These breach events yielded floods and small lahars (volcanically induced mudslides, landslides, and debris flows).

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These breach events yielded floods and small lahars (volcanically induced mudslides, landslides, and debris flows). The flood on August 21, 1934, at a lake formed near Whitewater Glacier, created a debris flow that reached the Whitewater River drainage and buried parts of Jefferson Park in of debris; another event took place in 1957, but was poorly documented.

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During the 20th century, scientists thought they had identified a new glacier, which they named Milk Creek Glacier, but later studies established that it was an artifact of stagnant ice that had been hidden by debris, and it is no longer considered its own distinct feature. Other geographic features at Jefferson include rock outcrops, steep talus slopes, conifer forests, and alpine meadows.

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The Whitewater Glacier and the northeastern side of the volcano drain into the Whitewater River, and Shitike Creek flows between Mount Jefferson and Olallie Butte before reaching the Deschutes River. Both Jefferson and Parker Creeks receive water from Jefferson's southeastern slopes, then join the Metolius River. Wildfires occur within the wilderness area at Mount Jefferson.

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Deer species include Roosevelt elk, black-tailed deer, and mule deer; insectivores include vagrant shrews, American water shrews, and coast moles. Bats at Jefferson include little brown bats and silver-haired bats, and American pikas and snowshoe hares are also present.

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Birds at Jefferson include mallards, northern goshawks, sharp-shinned hawks, red-tailed hawks, dusky grouses, grey partridges, killdeers, spotted sandpipers, California gulls, band-tailed pigeons, great horned owls, mountain pygmy owls, common nighthawks, rufous hummingbirds, Northern flickers, pileated woodpeckers, yellow-bellied sapsuckers, hairy woodpeckers, and white-headed woodpeckers.

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Long-toed salamanders, California giant salamanders, rough-skinned newts, tailed frogs, western toads, Pacific tree frogs, northern red-legged frogs, Oregon spotted frogs, pygmy short-horned lizards, common garter snakes, and northwestern garter snakes make up some of the amphibious and reptilian animals in the vicinity. Roughly half the lakes in the Jefferson area contain rainbow trout. Geology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
These extensional processes formed grabens, or valley-like depressions between parallel fault lines, at the eastern boundary of the central Cascades, including a deep formation. Jefferson does not lie in one of these grabens, but these tectonic processes continue, albeit at a less dramatic rate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Though the Jefferson vicinity has produced andesitic and dacitic lavas for the past 5 to 6 million years, major volcanoes more than south of the area have erupted basaltic andesite. The central Oregon Cascades are made up of Eocene to Quaternary volcanic, volcaniclastic, igneous, and sedimentary rock.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
The central Oregon Cascades are made up of Eocene to Quaternary volcanic, volcaniclastic, igneous, and sedimentary rock. Miocene and Pliocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks have been exposed in the Jefferson area, which also sits above lava flows, cinder material, and breccia from the High Cascades that formed during and after the Pliocene.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Miocene and Pliocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks have been exposed in the Jefferson area, which also sits above lava flows, cinder material, and breccia from the High Cascades that formed during and after the Pliocene. Jefferson is the largest volcano in the Jefferson Reach, which forms the strip that makes up the northern part of the Oregon Cascade Range.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Other unusual features of the Jefferson Reach include that the northernmost of the strip does not contain many volcanoes formed since the early Pleistocene and that it features a number of andesitic and dacitic volcanoes, which are unlike the many mafic (rich in magnesium and iron) shield volcanoes within the stretch.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Mount Jefferson may form part of a long-lasting intracrustal melting and magma storage area that encompasses an area of, where relatively little mafic eruptive activity has occurred. The melting of the metamorphic rocks amphibolite and at deeper strata, granulite, have both produced intermediate and silicic lavas at Jefferson.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
The melting of the metamorphic rocks amphibolite and at deeper strata, granulite, have both produced intermediate and silicic lavas at Jefferson. The strip may still be active, as monogenetic vents near Jefferson have produced basaltic andesite since the last glacial period.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Jefferson — with Mount Hood, the Three Sisters-Broken Top area, and Crater Lake — represents one of four volcanic centers responsible for much of the Oregon Cascades' Quaternary andesite, dacite, and rhyolite deposits. Some of this andesite and dacite occurs in vents that underlie the Jefferson vicinity, which also erupted during the Quaternary.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
In the area surrounding Mount Jefferson, monogenetic volcanoes constructed an upland area composed of basaltic lava flows and small volcanic vents. Within this region, basaltic vents occur at Olallie Butte, Potato Butte, Sisi Butte, North Cinder Peak, and South Cinder Peak, with basaltic lava flows at Cabot Creek, Jefferson Creek, and upper Puzzle Creek.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
There are several hundred other basaltic volcanoes within the central Oregon High Cascades, extending up to away. Mount Jefferson overlies an silicic volcanic field from the early Pleistocene. Between five and six million years old, the field reaches north from Jefferson to Olallie Butte, and it covers an area of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Between five and six million years old, the field reaches north from Jefferson to Olallie Butte, and it covers an area of. Scientists think that the setup of this field, where various vents have erupted lava, explains why the otherwise similar Cascades volcano at Mount Hood is three times as voluminous as Jefferson, because Hood has concentrated most of the eruptions from its magma chambers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano, made up of basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite overlying basaltic shield volcanoes, with andesite and more silicic (rich in silica) rock forming the majority of the mountain. Rhyolite from the Quaternary can also be found at Jefferson, though it is not commonly found within the major volcanic centers of the Oregon Cascades.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Within Jefferson's main volcanic cone, more than 200 andesitic lava flows are now exposed, with mean thicknesses from, as well as an immense, pink dacitic lava flow with a thickness of. The volcano also possess a small volcanic plug (created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano), situated under the summit.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
The volcano also possess a small volcanic plug (created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano), situated under the summit. Jefferson's main cone ranges from 58 to 64 percent silicon dioxide, and is mostly made up of andesite and dacite. The upper of Jefferson's cone formed within the past 100,000 years, and consists mostly of dacite lava flows and lava domes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
A few eruptions have been documented from the deposits that have been preserved, but the broad outline of Jefferson's eruptive history is understood, including that its activity has changed over time, producing both powerful explosive eruptions and lava flows. Historically, eruptive activity has alternated between andesitic and dacitic lavas.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Mount Jefferson itself is listed with a &quot;Low/Very Low&quot; threat potential by the United States Geological Survey, but the agency has noted that &quot;it may be too soon to regard Mount Jefferson as extinct.&quot; In a 1987 report, Richard P. Hoblitt and other USGS scientists estimated that the yearly likelihood for a major explosive eruption at Jefferson does not exceed 1 in 100,000.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Mazama Ash in the region reached in thickness, and at least one explosive eruption from Jefferson deposited of ash onto its surroundings within. Finer ash particles from the volcano could threaten air traffic, as a large gas plume may form; clouds from such a plume might also spawn pyroclastic flows on the flanks of the Jefferson volcano.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Even monogenetic volcanoes in the area could yield hazardous ashfall, reaching in thickness in areas within; it is unlikely they would threaten areas outside the local Jefferson vicinity.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Even a small or mid-sized landslide could create lahars that travel far from the volcano. Flooding at one of the many lakes on the flanks of Jefferson could spawn lahars in the future. Many scientists think mudflows represent the largest threat at Jefferson.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Human history. A Native American name for the mountain is Seekseekqua; its English name, Mount Jefferson (originally called Mount Vancouver by the British) was decided in honor of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. The expedition, which was sponsored by President Jefferson, first saw the peak from the mouth of the Willamette River on March 30, 1806.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Hodge, publishing a report on the volcano's glaciers and geology in 1925. His report focused on the sequence of volcanic rocks at Jefferson, in addition to its physiography and glaciology. Aerial photographic surveys of the glaciers at Jefferson were conducted by the Mazamas, a hiking club from Portland, during the 20th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
In 1937, Thayer analyzed Mount Jefferson's petrography and petrology from segments of the Western Cascades and High Cascades, which he separated into local units. He expanded on this research in a 1939 publication looking at Jefferson vicinity lava flows. Field work followed in summer during 1965, led by G. W.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
In addition to the trails, some of the most popular areas around Mount Jefferson Wilderness include Eight Lakes Basin, Pamelia Lake, Jack Lake, Duffy Lake, Russell Lake, Santiam Lake and Wasco Lake. Mount Jefferson can be climbed, but the route is challenging, especially the pinnacle of the summit. Nearly annually, at least one climber attempting Jefferson perishes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jefferson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.6743006
lon: -121.799573611
Flooding at one of the many lakes on the flanks of Jefferson could spawn lahars in the future. Many scientists think mudflows represent the largest threat at Jefferson. Seismic activity at Mount Jefferson is monitored by a regional network of seismic meters operated by the United States Geological Survey at the University of Washington's Geophysics Department.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
Cinder cones south of Mount Jefferson erupted lava flows, such as Forked Butte and North Cinder Peak. About 1,000 years ago, the South Cinder Peak cinder cone erupted, generating a lava flow that reached Marion Lake. Other volcanic cones associated with Mount Jefferson include Forked Butte and Horseshoe Cone. Eruptive history.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: marion lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.5565
lon: -121.862
AHMC Healthcare. AHMC Healthcare Inc. is a for-profit privately held hospital corporation based in the Greater San Gabriel Valley of California. Dr. Jonathan Wu is the founder and chairman of AHMC. AHMC operates over 2,000 beds at its 10 healthcare facilities and employs over 10,000 caregivers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Gabriel Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.101944444444
lon: -118.10277777778
It is one of fifteen sites that the survey found along Paine Run, a group that also includes the Paine Run Rockshelter and the Blackrock Springs Site. Site 44-AU-154 lies on the southern side of Paine Run at the mouth of its hollow, on the edge of the national park and at the foot of the Blue Ridge, thus occupying a transition zone between the Shenandoah Valley and the mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Blue Ridge
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 39.08166667
lon: -77.86222222
surface_form: Shenandoah Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 38.5
lon: -78.85
It occurs in the Ohio River and Great Lakes drainages; the Mississippi River west to Kansas and Nebraska. This species is listed as threatened in some Midwestern states. The nonindigenous distribution of &quot;Pleurocera acuta&quot; includes the Lower Hudson River drainage and Oneida Lake in New York State. It was introduced there, probably via the Erie Canal. Ecology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Oneida Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.2
lon: -75.9
Her family was wealthy and cultured, all the men having for generations had the benefit of collegiate education. Her father especially excelled in the Greek and Latin languages. Graves spent her early life on the shores of Lake Erie, where she resolved to devote her life to literature. She loved to be alone, passing her time on the beach, or in the old forests near where she had been born.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Erie
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 42.25
lon: -80.99972222222222
Early life. Kim was born in Seoul, South Korea on September 6, 1988, and moved to the San Fernando Valley in California in the 4th grade. She entered UCLA, majoring in Dance and Communication, but took a leave of absence after a year to pursue her career in entertainment in South Korea.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Fernando Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.155833333333334
lon: -118.28777777777778
Kurata has won numerous awards including the Fantasy Film. Early life and education. Born in Los Angeles, Kurata grew up in the San Gabriel Valley, the youngest of four children. Her parents owned a laundromat. She is Japanese American, and has said that she was influenced by the &quot;quirky and daring&quot; fashions she saw in Japanese magazines.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Gabriel Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.101944444444
lon: -118.10277777778
He was called to the bar in 1870. Mountaineering. Freshfield was a keen traveller and mountaineer. From his childhood acquired a deep love of the mountains and was particularly fond of the Alps. In July 1867 he made the first ascent of the Tour Ronde and the col on its eastern side now bears the name 'Col Freshfield'. By his twenties, Freshfield was already venturing further afield.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tour Ronde
instance_of: Mountain
countries: France
Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.844
lon: 6.9075
In 1899 Douglas Freshfield travelled to Green Lakes accompanied by the Italian photographer Vittorio Sella. He conducted expeditions around Kangchenjunga (Khangchendzonga) and set out with his party to trek in a circle around Kangchenjunga from the North.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kangchenjunga
instance_of: Mountain
countries: India
Nepal
coordinates: lat: 27.7
lon: 88.133333
He also became the first mountaineer to examine the western face of Kangchenjunga, which rises from the Kanchenjunga Glacier. Freshfield described Siniolchu as &quot;The Most Superb Triumph of Mountain Architecture and The Most Beautiful Snow Mountain in the World&quot;. In 1905 he attempted to climb Rwenzori Abruzzi in Uganda but failed due to bad weather.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Siniolchu
instance_of: Mountain
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 27.75
lon: 88.316666666667
Writing. I think that, without any interruption, for the following ten years, I went each August to the Alps with my parents, and I experienced not only the easy trips, but also many less usual destinations. We toured the Monte Bianco, the Monte Rosa and the Bernina Range; we went to Arolla, to Evolene, to Cogne, in Val Formazza, in the Glarus Alps, to Davos, to Livigno and in the Vorderrhein.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Val Formazza
instance_of: Valley
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 46.383
lon: 8.433
surface_form: Vorderrhein
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.6325
lon: 8.6744444444444
Some maps I drew still show our yearly itineraries. We climbed Mount Titlis, the Jazzi Peak, the Mittelhorn, and some other peaks of moderate height. But as those didn't satisfy my ambition, in 1863 I decided to try alone the Gran Paradiso, where the unforgiving weather stopped me.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mittelhorn
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Switzerland
coordinates: lat: 46.635111111111
lon: 8.1249166666667
Some maps I drew still show our yearly itineraries. We climbed Mount Titlis, the Jazzi Peak, the Mittelhorn, and some other peaks of moderate height. But as those didn't satisfy my ambition, in 1863 I decided to try alone the Gran Paradiso, where the unforgiving weather stopped me.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Gran Paradiso
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.533333333333
lon: 7.2666666666667
I was able, anyway, to pass through the Dent du Géant, and to climb the Monte Bianco.The following year I was ready to begin my excursions with two of my schoolmates, and I made the march recorded in &quot;Across Country from Thonon to Trent&quot; (printed privately)
Lover of the mountain in the youngest and truest sense, hurry was unknown to her because it wasn't really reaching the top which insterested her, but the captivation of the landscapes she encountered on the path, and thus the hours she spent in that enjoyment.Apart from the members of the family, there was another protagonist in Mrs Freshfield's narrations: the guide, Michel Alphonse Couttet.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Dent du Géant
instance_of: Mountain
countries: France
Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.861944444444
lon: 6.9516666666667
Nobody who had entered the Giudicarie valleys previously had revealed so much in spite of the humble dolomitic reality. He dedicated further pages to the familiar Val Rendena. The road, winding at first high on a woody hillside, commands a charming view of the upper valley as far as Pinzolo. Orchards and cornfields separate the rapidly succeeding hamlets, each of which resmbles its neighbour.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Val Rendena
instance_of: Valley
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 46.1149
lon: 10.7536
The mountain is about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, on the border of the districts Ajoyani, Coasa and Ituata. It lies southwest of the mountain Chullumpirini. The lake named Pumajolluni is situated south of the mountain at between the lakes Vilacota in the northwest and Pampacocha and Ajojajota in the southeast.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Chullumpirini
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -14.0081
lon: -70.1828
The mountain is about high. It is located in the Puno Region, Carabaya Province, on the border of the districts Ajoyani, Coasa and Ituata. It lies southwest of the mountain Chullumpirini. The lake named Pumajolluni is situated south of the mountain at between the lakes Vilacota in the northwest and Pampacocha and Ajojajota in the southeast.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: vilacota
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -17.15
lon: -70.0333
surface_form: pampacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -12.9125
lon: -74.1539
surface_form: pampacocha
instance_of: Lake
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -10.03472222
lon: -76.96683333
surface_form: vilacota
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -14.59027778
lon: -69.445
Pumajolluni. Pumajolluni (possibly from Aymara &quot;puma&quot; cougar, puma, &quot;qullu&quot; mountain, &quot;-ni&quot; a suffix to indicate ownership, &quot;the one with a cougar mountain&quot;) is a mountain in the Carabaya mountain range in the Andes of Peru at a lake of the same name. The mountain is about high.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: pumajolluni
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -14.0611
lon: -70.2056