Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
Origin of the tradition. According to the Book of Genesis of the Old Testament, Noah's Ark landed on the &quot;mountains of Ararat&quot; (). Historians and Bible scholars generally agree that &quot;Ararat&quot; is the Hebrew name of Urartu, the geographical predecessor of Armenia; they argue that the word referred to the wider region at the time and not specifically to Mount Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The phrase is translated as &quot;mountains of Armenia&quot; (&quot;montes Armeniae&quot;) in the Vulgate. Nevertheless, Ararat is traditionally considered the resting-place of Noah's Ark, and, thus, regarded as a biblical mountain. Mount Ararat has been associated with the Genesis account since the 11th century, and Armenians began to identify it as the ark's landing place during that time. F. C.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
William of Rubruck is usually considered the earliest reference for the tradition of Mount Ararat as the landing place of the ark in European literature. John Mandeville is another early author who mentioned Mount Ararat, &quot;where Noah's ship rested, and it is still there&quot;. The ark on Ararat was often depicted in &quot;mappae mundi&quot; as early as the 11th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
John Mandeville is another early author who mentioned Mount Ararat, &quot;where Noah's ship rested, and it is still there&quot;. The ark on Ararat was often depicted in &quot;mappae mundi&quot; as early as the 11th century. Prevalence of the tradition.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The ark on Ararat was often depicted in &quot;mappae mundi&quot; as early as the 11th century. Prevalence of the tradition. Most Christians, including most of Western Christianity, identify Mount Ararat with the biblical mountains of Ararat &quot;largely because it would have been the first peak to emerge from the receding flood waters&quot;. H. G. O.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Prevalence of the tradition. Most Christians, including most of Western Christianity, identify Mount Ararat with the biblical mountains of Ararat &quot;largely because it would have been the first peak to emerge from the receding flood waters&quot;. H. G. O. Dwight wrote in 1856 that it is &quot;the general opinion of the learned in Europe&quot; that the Ark landed on Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
James Bryce wrote that the ark rested upon a &quot;mountain in the district which the Hebrews knew as Ararat, or Armenia&quot; in an 1878 article for the Royal Geographical Society, and he added that the biblical writer must have had Mount Ararat in mind because it is so &quot;very much higher, more conspicuous, and more majestic than any other summit in Armenia&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In 2001 Pope John Paul II declared in his homily in Yerevan's St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral: &quot;We are close to Mount Ararat, where tradition says that the Ark of Noah came to rest.&quot; Patriarch Kirill of Moscow also mentioned it as the ark's resting place in his speech at Etchmiadzin Cathedral in 2010.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral: &quot;We are close to Mount Ararat, where tradition says that the Ark of Noah came to rest.&quot; Patriarch Kirill of Moscow also mentioned it as the ark's resting place in his speech at Etchmiadzin Cathedral in 2010. Those critical of this claim point out that Ararat was the name of the country at the time when Genesis was written, not specifically the mountain.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
de Tournefort, who visited this spot, has assured us there was nothing like it; that the top of mount Ararat is inaccessible, both by reason of its great height, and of the snow which perpetually covers it.&quot; Archaeological expeditions, sometimes supported by evangelical and millenarian churches, have been conducted since the 19th century in search of the ark.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
According to a 1974 book, around 200 people from more than 20 countries claimed to have seen the Ark on Ararat since 1856. A fragment from the ark supposedly found on Ararat is on display at the museum of Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the center of the Armenian Church. Despite numerous reports of ark sightings (e.g. Ararat anomaly) and rumors, &quot;no scientific evidence of the ark has emerged&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Searches for Noah's Ark are considered by scholars an example of pseudoarchaeology. Symbolism. Despite lying outside the borders of modern Armenia, Ararat has historically been associated with Armenia, and Armenians have been called the &quot;people of Ararat&quot;. It is widely considered the country's principal national symbol.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
It is widely considered the country's principal national symbol. The image of Ararat, usually framed within a nationalizing discourse, is ubiquitous in everyday material culture in Armenia, with Armenians having &quot;a sense of possession of Ararat in the sense of symbolic cultural property&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In a 2024 poll in Armenia, 86% of respondents said they experience strong emotions when seeing the mountain. There is historical and modern mountain worship around it among Armenians. Ararat is known as the &quot;holy mountain&quot; of the Armenian people. It was principal to the pre-Christian Armenian mythology, where it was the home of the gods.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In his &quot;History of Armenia&quot;, he wrote that Noah and his family first settled in Armenia and later moved to Babylon. Hayk, a descendant of Japheth, a son of Noah, revolted against Bel (the biblical Nimrod) and returned to the area around Mount Ararat, where he established the roots of the Armenian nation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
He is thus considered the legendary founding father (patriarch) and the name giver of the Armenian people. According to Razmik Panossian, this legend &quot;makes Armenia the cradle of all civilisation since Noah's Ark landed on the 'Armenian' mountain of Ararat. [...] it connects Armenians to the biblical narrative of human development.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
[...] it connects Armenians to the biblical narrative of human development. [...] it makes Mount Ararat the national symbol of all Armenians, and the territory around it the Armenian homeland from time immemorial.&quot;
Coat of arms of Armenia. Mount Ararat has been depicted on the coat of arms of Armenia consistently since 1918.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
[...] it makes Mount Ararat the national symbol of all Armenians, and the territory around it the Armenian homeland from time immemorial.&quot;
Coat of arms of Armenia. Mount Ararat has been depicted on the coat of arms of Armenia consistently since 1918. The First Republic's coat of arms was designed by architect Alexander Tamanian and painter Hakob Kojoyan.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The emblem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Soviet Armenia) was created by the painters Martiros Saryan and Hakob Kojoyan in 1921. Mount Ararat is depicted in the center and makes up a large portion of it. According to an account (anecdote) widely reported since the 1930s, Turkey raised the issue of Ararat being on Soviet Armenia's coat of arms with the Soviet Union.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The mountain appears on the emblem of the Armenian Catholic Ordinariate of Armenia and Eastern Europe. Ararat appeared on the coat of arms of the Armenian Oblast and the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate (), subdivisions of the Russian Empire that included the northern flanks of the mountain. They were adopted in 1833 and 1843, respectively. Symbol of genocide and territorial claims.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The mountain features prominently in diaspora Armenian homes as a &quot;bittersweet reminder of homeland and national aspirations.&quot; Ararat symbolizes Armenian claims to &quot;lost lands&quot;. Adriaans noted that Ararat is featured as a sanctified territory for the Armenians in everyday banal irredentism.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Adriaans noted that Ararat is featured as a sanctified territory for the Armenians in everyday banal irredentism. Turkish analysts argue that regular references to the Armenian Genocide and Mount Ararat &quot;clearly indicate&quot; that the border with Turkey is contested in Armenia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Wherever Armenians live in the world today, you will find a picture of Mount Ararat in their homes. And I feel certain that a time will come when Mount Ararat is no longer a symbol of the separation between our peoples, but an emblem of understanding. But let me make this clear: Never has a representative of Armenia made territorial demands.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
which claims it as part of what it considers United Armenia. In various settings, several notable individuals such as German historian Tessa Hofmann, Slovak conservative politician František Mikloško, Lithuanian political scientist and Soviet dissident Aleksandras Štromas have spoken in support of Armenian claims over Mt. Ararat. Cultural depictions.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Ararat. Cultural depictions. Levon Abrahamian noted that Ararat is visually present for Armenians in reality (it can be seen from many houses in Yerevan and settlements in the Ararat plain), symbolically (through many visual representations, such as on Armenia's coats of arms), and culturally—in numerous and various nostalgic poetical, political, architectural representation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The first three postage stamps issued by Armenia in 1992 after achieving independence from the Soviet Union depicted Mount Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Mount Ararat has been depicted on various Armenian dram banknotes issued in 1993–2001; on the reverse of the 10 dram banknotes issued in 1993, on the reverse of the 50 dram banknotes issued in 1998, on the obverse of the 100 and 500 dram banknotes issued in 1993, and on the reverse of the 50,000 dram banknotes issued in 2001.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
It was also depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 100 lira banknotes of 1972–1986. Ararat is depicted on the logo of two of Armenia's leading university, the Yerevan State University, on the logos of Football Club Ararat Yerevan (since the Soviet times) and the Football Federation of Armenia. The logo of Armavia, Armenia's now defunct flag carrier, also depicted Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The logo of Armavia, Armenia's now defunct flag carrier, also depicted Ararat. &quot;Ararat&quot; (now &quot;Etchmiadzin&quot;) was the name of the Armenian Church's official magazine, the first periodical in Armenia, launched in 1868. The publications of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party in Lebanon (&quot;Ararad&quot; daily) and California, U.S.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
(&quot;Massis&quot; weekly) are both named for the mountain. The Ararat brandy, produced by the Yerevan Brandy Company since 1887, is considered the most prestigious Eastern European brandy. Hotels in Yerevan often advertise the visibility of Ararat from their rooms, which is seen as a major advantage for tourists. In visual art.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In visual art. According to a 1963 source, the first Armenian artist to depict the mountain was Ivan Aivazovsky, who created a painting of Ararat during his visit to Armenia in 1868. However, a late 17th century map by Eremia Chelebi, an Ottoman Armenian, depicting Ararat was later discovered.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Ararat was depicted by non-Armenians, often in the books of European travelers in the 18th–19th centuries who visited Armenia. In literature. Rouben Paul Adalian suggested that &quot;there is probably more poetry written about Mount Ararat than any other mountain on earth&quot;. Travel writer Rick Antonson described Ararat as the &quot;most fabled mountain in the world&quot;. Armenian.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Travel writer Rick Antonson described Ararat as the &quot;most fabled mountain in the world&quot;. Armenian. Mount Ararat is featured prominently in Armenian literature. According to Meliné Karakashian, Armenian poets &quot;attribute to it symbolic meanings of unity, freedom, and independence&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
According to Kevork Bardakjian, in Armenian literature, Ararat &quot;epitomizes Armenia and Armenian suffering and aspirations, especially the consequences of the 1915 genocide: almost total annihilation, loss of a unique culture and land [...] and an implicit determination never to recognize the new political borders&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The last two lines of Yeghishe Charents's 1920 poem &quot;I Love My Armenia&quot; (Ես իմ անուշ Հայաստանի) read: &quot;And in the entire world you will not find a mountaintop like Ararat's.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
[...] It's now your turn; you too, now, / Stare at its high and lordly brow, / And pass by...!&quot;
Ararat is the most frequently cited symbol in the poetry of Hovhannes Shiraz.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In collection of poems, &quot;Knar Hayastani&quot; (Lyre of Armenia) published in 1958, there are many poems &quot;with very strong nationalist overtones, especially with respect to Mount Ararat (in Turkey) and the irredentism it entailed&quot;. In one such poem, &quot;Ktak&quot; (Bequest), Shiraz bequeaths his son Mt.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Ararat to &quot;keep it forever, / As the language of us Armenians, as the pillar of your father's home&quot;. A group of four Armenians buried Shiraz's heart at the summit of Ararat in 2006. The first lines of Paruyr Sevak's 1961 poem &quot;We Are Few...&quot; (Քիչ ենք, բայց հայ ենք) read: &quot;We are few, but they say of us we are Armenians. / We do not think ourselves superior to anyone.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
A group of four Armenians buried Shiraz's heart at the summit of Ararat in 2006. The first lines of Paruyr Sevak's 1961 poem &quot;We Are Few...&quot; (Քիչ ենք, բայց հայ ենք) read: &quot;We are few, but they say of us we are Armenians. / We do not think ourselves superior to anyone. / Clearly we shall have to accept / That we, and only we, have an Ararat&quot;. Non-Armenian.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In his &quot;Journey to Arzrum&quot; (Путешествие в Арзрум; 1835–36), the celebrated Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin recounted his travels to the Caucasus and Armenia at the time of the 1828–29 Russo-Turkish War. Russian Symbolist poet Valery Bryusov often referred to Ararat in his poetry and dedicated two poems to the mountain, which were published in 1917.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Russian Symbolist poet Valery Bryusov often referred to Ararat in his poetry and dedicated two poems to the mountain, which were published in 1917. Bryusov saw Ararat as the embodiment of antiquity of the Armenian people and their culture. Russian poet Osip Mandelstam wrote fondly of Ararat during his 1933 travels in Armenia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Russian poet Osip Mandelstam wrote fondly of Ararat during his 1933 travels in Armenia. &quot;I have cultivated in myself a sixth sense, an 'Ararat' sense&quot;, the poet wrote, &quot;the sense of an attraction to a mountain.&quot;
During his travels to Armenia, Soviet Russian writer Vasily Grossman observed Mount Ararat from Yerevan standing &quot;high in the blue sky&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
It is this snowy mountain, this bluish-white sunlit mountain that shone in the eyes of those who wrote the Bible.&quot;
In &quot;The Maximus Poems&quot; (1953) American poet Charles Olson, who grew up near the Armenian neighborhood in Worcester, Massachusetts, compares the Ararat Hill near his childhood home to the mountain and &quot;imagines he can capture an Armenian's immigrant perspective: the view of Ararat Hill as Mount Ararat&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Ayrarat, the central province of ancient Armenia, is linked to the same name. Robert W. Thomson argued that the mountain was called Ararat &quot;by confusion with Ayrarat, the name of the province.&quot;
Ağrı and Agirî. The Turkish name Mount Ağrı (&quot;Ağrı Dağı&quot;,;,), has been known since the late Middle Ages.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ağrı dağı
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Mërturi. The Mërturi are an historical Albanian tribe (&quot;fis&quot;) and region in the Highlands of Gjakova of north Albania. The Mërturi tribe is a traditional &quot;fis&quot; in the sense of being a community that claims paternal descent from one common ancestor, consisting of a single &quot;bajrak&quot; (military-administrative unit) during the time of the Ottoman Empire.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Highlands of Gjakova
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Albania
coordinates: lat: 42.34583
lon: 20.09889
The Mërturi and the Berisha separated into two different tribes in 1520, and the Mërturi moved northwards into the Highlands of Gjakova, arriving firstly in an infertile and rocky region known as Straziç. Eventually, the Mërturi managed to expel the Toplana tribe from the more fertile areas and created a settlement in the area in 1556 at the base of Mount Korja.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Highlands of Gjakova
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Albania
coordinates: lat: 42.34583
lon: 20.09889
Mean annual temperatures in the Yungas range between. The mean annual temperatures in the Quebrada de Humahuaca valley range from, depending on altitude. In the Calchaquí Valleys in Salta Province, the climate is temperate and arid with large thermal amplitudes, long summers, and a long frost free period which varies by altitude.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Quebrada de Humahuaca
instance_of: Valley
countries: Argentina
coordinates: lat: -23.199861111111
lon: -65.348861111111
Goat Mountain () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Goat Mountain rises above Otokomi Lake and Goat Lake in the east central section of Glacier National Park. Climate. Based on the Köppen climate classification, it is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Otokomi Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.7175
lon: -113.598
surface_form: goat lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.6997
lon: -113.578
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.7742
lon: -114.142
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 61.047222222222
lon: -149.04972222222
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.705
lon: -113.591
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.92846
lon: -121.62625
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.86994
lon: -118.57427
surface_form: goat lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.017777777778
lon: -121.35083333333
Climate. Based on the Köppen climate classification, it is located in an alpine subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool to warm summers. Temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −30 °F. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Saint Mary Lake, thence the St. Mary River. Geology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Saint Mary Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.682777777778
lon: -113.54555555556
surface_form: mary lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.185277777778
lon: -95.167222222222
surface_form: mary lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.575
lon: -122.433
Formed in shallow seas, this sedimentary rock was initially uplifted beginning 170 million years ago when the Lewis Overthrust fault pushed an enormous slab of precambrian rocks thick, wide and long over younger rock of the cretaceous period. Gallery. Goat Mountain to right of Saint Mary Lake (see file annotations)

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mary lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.185277777778
lon: -95.167222222222
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.7742
lon: -114.142
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 61.047222222222
lon: -149.04972222222
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.705
lon: -113.591
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.92846
lon: -121.62625
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.86994
lon: -118.57427
surface_form: saint mary lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.682777777778
lon: -113.54555555556
surface_form: mary lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.575
lon: -122.433
Goat Mountain (Glacier County, Montana). Goat Mountain () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Goat Mountain rises above Otokomi Lake and Goat Lake in the east central section of Glacier National Park. Climate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.7742
lon: -114.142
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 61.047222222222
lon: -149.04972222222
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.705
lon: -113.591
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.92846
lon: -121.62625
surface_form: goat mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.86994
lon: -118.57427
Galeas per montes. &quot;Galeas per montes&quot; (galleys across mountains) is the name given to a feat of military engineering made between December 1438 and April 1439 by the Republic of Venice, when several Venetian ships, including galleys and frigates were transported from the Adriatic Sea to Lake Garda.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Garda
instance_of: Lake
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.633333333333
lon: 10.666666666667
The operation required towing the ships upstream on the river Adige until Rovereto, then transporting the fleet by land to Torbole, on the Northern shores of the lake. The second leg of the journey was the most remarkable achievement, requiring a land journey 20 km through the Loppio Lake and the narrow. Context.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loppio Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.863333
lon: 10.92
The plan. The plan foresaw moving a fleet of warships by dragging it upstream the Adige river, then beaching it, and dragging it on wooden rollers along the Loppio valley to the Northern shores of Lake Garda, near Torbole.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loppio valley
instance_of: Lake
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 45.863333
lon: 10.92
He made significant contributions to various fields, including biogeography, evolutionary biology, ornithology, and vegetation classification. Udvardy published 191 papers and books including an influential text on zoogeography. Early life and career. He began his career as a research biologist at the Tihanyi Biological Station, located on Lake Balaton in western Hungary.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Balaton
instance_of: Lake
countries: Hungary
coordinates: lat: 46.85
lon: 17.72
Also, the Lake Hunter Boat Ramp is a public boat ramp. There are no swimming beaches along the lake's shore. This lake contains largemouth bass and bluegill. On June 7, 2016, the body of a dead man was found in the mouth of an alligator on the shore of Lake Hunter. When officials arrived at the scene, the alligator let go of the body and swam away, police said.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: dead
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.3333
lon: -69.9697
surface_form: lake hunter
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 28.033
lon: -81.966
On June 7, 2016, the body of a dead man was found in the mouth of an alligator on the shore of Lake Hunter. When officials arrived at the scene, the alligator let go of the body and swam away, police said. At the time, it wasn't known if the alligator killed the person or simply found the dead body. Lake Hunter bears the name of one Mr. Hunter, who often visited the lake in earlier days.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: dead
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 45.3333
lon: -69.9697
Lake Hunter. Lake Hunter, a pear-shaped lake, has a surface area of. This lake is inside Lakeland, Florida, and the area surrounding it is completely urbanized. It is bordered on the northeast by residences and the Lake Hunter Boat Ramp. On the lakes's north and west it is bordered by Sikes Boulevard and on the south and southeast by Lake Hunter Drive.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake hunter
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 28.033
lon: -81.966
This lake is inside Lakeland, Florida, and the area surrounding it is completely urbanized. It is bordered on the northeast by residences and the Lake Hunter Boat Ramp. On the lakes's north and west it is bordered by Sikes Boulevard and on the south and southeast by Lake Hunter Drive. The Lake Hunter Terrace Historic District borders the lake along Sikes Boulevard.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake hunter
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 28.033
lon: -81.966
On the lakes's north and west it is bordered by Sikes Boulevard and on the south and southeast by Lake Hunter Drive. The Lake Hunter Terrace Historic District borders the lake along Sikes Boulevard. Lake Hunter provides public access along most of its shore, since a public sidewalk travels three-fourths of the way around it. Also, the Lake Hunter Boat Ramp is a public boat ramp.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake hunter
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 28.033
lon: -81.966
The Lake Hunter Terrace Historic District borders the lake along Sikes Boulevard. Lake Hunter provides public access along most of its shore, since a public sidewalk travels three-fourths of the way around it. Also, the Lake Hunter Boat Ramp is a public boat ramp. There are no swimming beaches along the lake's shore. This lake contains largemouth bass and bluegill.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake hunter
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 28.033
lon: -81.966
On June 7, 2016, the body of a dead man was found in the mouth of an alligator on the shore of Lake Hunter. When officials arrived at the scene, the alligator let go of the body and swam away, police said. At the time, it wasn't known if the alligator killed the person or simply found the dead body. Lake Hunter bears the name of one Mr. Hunter, who often visited the lake in earlier days.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: lake hunter
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 28.033
lon: -81.966
John Burnyeat. John Burnyeat (also spelled Burneyeat) (ca. 1631 in Crabtreebeck, Loweswater, Cumberland &ndash; 1690 in Kilconnor, County Carlow, Ireland) was a British Quaker. Biography. A Cumberland farmer, he joined the Quakers in 1653. He began to interrupt church services and was imprisoned in Scotland in 1658 after he made an unsuccessful attempt to plant quakerism there.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loweswater
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5825
lon: -3.355277777777778
Instead, they generally walk and run. They spin sheet webs on the underside of leaves, where they also lay their eggs. Although predominantly a diurnal hunter, the spider is also likely to eat nectar if it is available. Distribution and habitat. The species is endemic to Kenya. The holotype was found on Mount Elgon in 1937 at an altitude of above sea level. It thrives in mountainous areas.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Elgon
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Uganda
Kenya
coordinates: lat: 1.1185
lon: 34.5265
He, therefore, formed a government-owned company, Hindustan Steel Limited (HSL), and set up three steel plants in the 1950s. In early 21st century Kalinganagar and Bokaro both emerged as the leading steel hub with multiple steel factories due to their ideal location with coal mines and other mineral deposits nearby as chota nagpur plateau is super-rich mineral area.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: chota nagpur plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 23
lon: 85
In Babur's account, no khan was as respected or authoritative as Qasim, who could command over 300,000 men. Manṣūr Khān led an Uzbek force against the Kazakhs in 1522 in response to their raids from the region of Sayram into the Farghana. The failure of this expedition to control Kazakh raids effectively ended attempts by the Uzbeks to control Sayram and its region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Farghana
instance_of: Valley
countries: Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Tajikistan
coordinates: lat: 40.900833333333
lon: 71.757777777778
The hill has a summit elevation of above sea level, over 300 acres and a vertical drop of. The recipient of lake effect snow from nearby Lake Superior, Marquette Mountain Resort receives an average of of snowfall annually. It has three chairlifts and a rope tow and is equipped with LED lighting for night skiing. The shore of the lake's Marquette Bay is just to the northeast.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Superior
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
United States
coordinates: lat: 47.52881611111111
lon: -87.76002194444445
Eulogio F. de Celis. Eulogio F. de Celis (Jr.) (died 1903) was a Californio ranchero, newspaper publisher, and politician. He once owned most of the San Fernando Valley. He also served as a member of the Los Angeles Common Council. Personal life. Eulogio F. de Celis Jr. was born in the Pueblo de Los Ángeles, the son of Eulogio de Celis and Josefa (Arguello), both of Spanish descent.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Fernando Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.155833333333334
lon: -118.28777777777778
It amounted to &quot;nearly 120,000 acres, virtually all of the Valley save for the Encino and a few other ranchos,&quot;
De Celis and his brothers, Jose Miguel and Pastor, deeded a parcel of land in Newhall in the Santa Clarita Valley for use as a railroad station for the sum of one dollar. In 1875, Eulogio F.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Santa Clarita Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.398
lon: -118.522
Eventually, one morning he saw Bulbul Shah—an Uyghur Sufi missionary of the Ni'matullah Order—and was taken in by his devotion as well as preaching; thus, he became the first ruler of the Kashmir Valley to embrace Islam.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kashmir Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 34.0333
lon: 74.6667
After leaving the plateau area it flows northwestwards until the confluence with the Kheta to form the Khatanga, a little distance upstream from Khatanga town. Its main tributaries are the Moyero, the Tukalan, the Eriyechka, the Changada, and the Kotuykan, which has its source in the highest part of the Anabar Plateau. Lake Yessey is part of the river basin.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Yessey
instance_of: Lake
countries: Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 68.4666667
lon: 102.4166667
It contains all of the mountains in Europe over 5,000 meters besides Mt. Elbrus and Mt. Kazbek, and contains the most glaciers. The ridge at the reserve forms the famous &quot;Bezengi wall&quot; consisting of the peaks Gestola (4859 m), Katyn-Tau (4858.8 m), Janga (5051 m), Eastern Jangi-Tau (5033 m) and Shkhara (5068 m). There are 256 glaciers in the reserve's boundaries.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Katyn-Tau
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Georgia
Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 43.029722222222
lon: 43.036388888889
surface_form: Shkhara
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Georgia
Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42.999444444444
lon: 43.111666666667
The westernmost ridge is called Kargashilsky ridge. Climate and Ecoregion. Kabardino-Balkarski is located in the &quot;Caucasus mixed forests&quot; ecoregion. This ecoregion is located along the Caucasus Mountains between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. It has one of the highest levels of species endemism and diversity in the world: 23% of vascular species, and 10% of vertebrates.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Caspian Sea
instance_of: Body of water
Lake
countries: Iran
Russia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42
lon: 50.5
New Britain. New Britain () is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dampier and Vitiaz Straits) and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Umboi
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Papua New Guinea
coordinates: lat: -5.6118861111111
lon: 147.88353055556
The island is roughly the size of Taiwan. When the island was part of German New Guinea, its name was Neupommern (&quot;New Pomerania&quot;). In common with most of the Bismarcks it was largely formed by volcanic processes, and has active volcanoes including Ulawun (highest volcano nationally), Langila, the Garbuna Group, the Sulu Range, and the volcanoes Tavurvur and Vulcan of the Rabaul caldera.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Langila
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Papua New Guinea
coordinates: lat: -5.525
lon: 148.42
surface_form: Garbuna Group
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Papua New Guinea
coordinates: lat: -5.45
lon: 150.03333333333
surface_form: Tavurvur
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Papua New Guinea
coordinates: lat: -4.239
lon: 152.21
surface_form: Rabaul caldera
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Papua New Guinea
coordinates: lat: -4.2708333333333
lon: 152.20277777778
Millstone Hill (Ramapo Mountains). Millstone Hill is a mountain in Bergen County, New Jersey. The peak rises to, and overlooks the Ramapo River to the southeast. It is part of the Ramapo Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: a mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 32.2925
lon: -106.69777777778
surface_form: millstone hill
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.0598
lon: -74.2402
Millstone Hill (Ramapo Mountains). Millstone Hill is a mountain in Bergen County, New Jersey. The peak rises to, and overlooks the Ramapo River to the southeast. It is part of the Ramapo Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: millstone hill
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 41.0598
lon: -74.2402
Geography. Tuzdysor is an endorheic lake in the Irtysh Basin. It stretches from west to east for and is about wide. The northern end of larger lake Karasor lies to the southeast and lake Shandaksor, with the Ekibastuz GRES-2 Power Station by its eastern shore, is located to the southwest. Sprawling lake Shureksor lies to the northeast.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Shureksor
instance_of: Lake
countries: Kazakhstan
coordinates: lat: 52.24261
lon: 75.79811
Hoover-Timme House. Hoover-Timme House is a historic home located at Long Beach, LaPorte County, Indiana. It was designed by architect John Lloyd Wright and built in 1929. It is a three level house carved into a sand dune on the shore of Lake Michigan. The house is in a rambling Prairie School style with hipped and mansard roof forms. The house is sheathed in ashlar sandstone and stucco.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Michigan
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.007874
lon: -86.756451
Volcanism and earthquake activity are still ongoing in these rift zones today, forming, for example, Ceboruco and Volcán Colima, which is Mexico's most active volcano. These two rift zones, together with the Middle America Trench, delimit the Jalisco block, which contains four volcanic fields including the Mascota field.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Ceboruco
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Mexico
coordinates: lat: 21.124922830201236
lon: -104.50870708803491
surface_form: Volcán Colima
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Mexico
coordinates: lat: 19.511388888889
lon: -103.61805555556
Nevado de Santa Isabel. Nevado de Santa Isabel () is a shield volcano straddling the boundaries of the Colombian departments of Tolima, Caldas, and Risaralda, being the highest point of the latter. The volcano lies approximately 10 kilometers southwest of the larger Nevado del Ruiz volcano. Santa Isabel is the third highest peak in Los Nevados National Natural Park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: santa isabel
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Colombia
coordinates: lat: 4.81666667
lon: -75.36666667
surface_form: nevado de santa isabel
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Colombia
coordinates: lat: 4.81666667
lon: -75.36666667
The volcano lies approximately 10 kilometers southwest of the larger Nevado del Ruiz volcano. Santa Isabel is the third highest peak in Los Nevados National Natural Park. It is a relatively flat volcano with three domes of nearly equal elevation. Geology. The volcano is located over the Palestina Fault, that crosscuts the underlying El Bosque Batholith of Eocene age, dated at 49.1 ± 1.7 Ma.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: santa isabel
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Colombia
coordinates: lat: 4.81666667
lon: -75.36666667
He is known for his solo ascents–often in winter–of major ice and alpine climbing routes. In 2016, he completed the first winter solo ascents of both Torre Egger in Patagonia and of the Emperor Face of Mount Robson in Canada. In 2018, he was killed in an avalanche on the Mendenhall Towers in Alaska.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Torre Egger
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Argentina
Chile
coordinates: lat: -49.292777777778
lon: -73.098333333333
surface_form: Mount Robson
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 53.11055555555556
lon: -119.15666666666667
Climbing career. In 2015, Leclerc spent a lot of time in southern Argentine Patagonia. On February 21, he completed his first solo ascent of &quot;The Corkscrew&quot; (5.10d A1) on Cerro Torre. Leclerc wrote on his blog that soloing &quot;The Corkscrew&quot; &quot;felt like a brief 'step into the future' so to speak…&quot; in his efforts to fulfill his lifelong dream of becoming an explorer.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cerro Torre
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Chile
Argentina
coordinates: lat: -49.2906
lon: -73.09901
Argentinian climber and mountain guide Rolando Garibotti wrote that Leclerc's ascent of &quot;The Corkscrew&quot; was one of &quot;earth-shifting proportions, by far the hardest route ever soloed on Cerro Torre and only the seventh solo overall.&quot; Later that year, Leclerc completed the second known free solo ascent of the &quot;Tomahawk / Exocet Link Up&quot; on Aguja Standhardt in Patagonia and then proceeded to climb the Torre Egger, completing his Torres solo trifecta.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Cerro Torre
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Chile
Argentina
coordinates: lat: -49.2906
lon: -73.09901
surface_form: Torre Egger
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Argentina
Chile
coordinates: lat: -49.292777777778
lon: -73.098333333333
In 2016, Leclerc completed the first solo ascent of Barry Blanchard's 2002 route, &quot;Infinite Patience&quot; (2,250m, VI, 5.9, WI5, M5), on Mt. Robson's Emperor Face.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mt. Robson's
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 53.11055555555556
lon: -119.15666666666667