Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
Background. The city of Sumgait is located near the coast of the Caspian Sea, north of the capital Baku. It had been renovated in the 1960s and had become a leading industrial city, second after Baku by its industrial importance, with oil refineries and petrochemical plants built during that era.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Caspian Sea
instance_of: Body of water
Lake
countries: Iran
Russia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42
lon: 50.5
It is a rather rare mineral occurring in nepheline syenite intrusions and agpaitic (peralkaline) pegmatites and granites as the Golden Horn batholith in Okanogan County, Washington (type locality for zektzerite). Occurrences include Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada; the Ilímaussaq complex in Southern Greenland; and in pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula, Russia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mont Saint-Hilaire
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.552222222222
lon: -73.163888888889
The route of the 2015 edition started and finished with individual time trials, one of which was rescheduled from a team time trial shortly before the race began. In between, the race consisted of two stages suitable for sprinters, one for puncheurs and two for climbers. The key stage of the race was stage 5, which involved a summit finish on Monte Terminillo.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Terminillo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 42.47327
lon: 12.99732
The key stages, however, came on the weekend. Stage 4 was a difficult, mountainous stage with a downhill finish. The following day's route had a summit finish on the climb of Monte Terminillo. Stage 6 was another fairly flat stage and the race ended on the Adriatic coast with another individual time trial in San Benedetto del Tronto. Stage 1.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Terminillo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 42.47327
lon: 12.99732
The middle of the stage was flat, as the riders travelled southwest towards Terni, but the final part of the stage was difficult. The route first passed through Rieti, then turned east towards the summit finish at a ski station on Monte Terminillo. The final climb was in length, with an average gradient of 7.3% and a total ascent of.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Terminillo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 42.47327
lon: 12.99732
For most of the climbs, the first four riders won points, with five, three, two and one points respectively. More points were awarded for the two most difficult climbs of the race. These were the summit finish to Monte Terminillo on stage 5 and the Poggio San Romualdo on stage 4. On these climbs, the winner won 15 points in the classification, with the next six riders also winning points.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Monte Terminillo
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 42.47327
lon: 12.99732
Marais breton. The Marais breton (, &quot;Breton Marsh&quot;; or Marais breton-vendéen) is a &quot;zone géographique humide&quot; (humid geographic zone) along France's Atlantic coast.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: marais breton
instance_of: Landform
countries: France
coordinates: lat: 46.924476
lon: -2.053757
Marais breton. The Marais breton (, &quot;Breton Marsh&quot;; or Marais breton-vendéen) is a &quot;zone géographique humide&quot; (humid geographic zone) along France's Atlantic coast.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: marais breton
instance_of: Landform
countries: France
coordinates: lat: 46.924476
lon: -2.053757
surface_form: marais breton-vendéen
instance_of: Landform
countries: France
coordinates: lat: 46.924476
lon: -2.053757
Fauna and flora. Per the Natura 2000, the Marais breton is part of a larger geographic cadre which also include the forêt des Pays de Monts, the Bay of Bourgneuf, and the île de Noirmoutier.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: marais breton
instance_of: Landform
countries: France
coordinates: lat: 46.924476
lon: -2.053757
Use of the word in English first appeared in the 1950s. History. Originally from the mountains of Lebanon and Syria, tabbouleh has become one of the most popular salads in the Middle East. The wheat variety &quot;salamouni&quot; cultivated in the Beqaa Valley region in Lebanon, was considered (in the mid-19th century) as particularly well-suited for making bulgur, a basic ingredient of tabbouleh.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Beqaa Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Lebanon
coordinates: lat: 34.008888888889
lon: 36.145277777778
In the Val Nure region of Piacenza, the grape had a similar history of use for &quot;Vin Santo&quot; that gradually died out around the 1940s. Today the grape is a permitted blending variety in several &quot;Denominazione di Origine Controllata&quot; (DOC) and &quot;Indicazione geografica tipica&quot; (IGT) zones including the Colline del Milanese in Lombardy. Styles.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Val Nure
instance_of: Valley
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 44.7
lon: 9.56667
The organization continued to operate, staging attacks under the leadership of his successor, Rustam Bekanov. He was killed three months later and was replaced by Anzor Astemirov, a former deputy director of the Islamic Center. The group's base of operations was Nalchik and the Balkarian enclave around Mount Elbrus.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Elbrus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Russia
Soviet Union
Russian Empire
coordinates: lat: 43.35254
lon: 42.437875
Mount Iraya Agta language. Mount Iraya Agta is a Bikol language spoken by a semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer Agta (Negrito) people of the Philippines, east of Lake Buhi in Luzon. It is mutually intelligible with Mount Iriga Agta on the other side of the lake. As of 2013, the Mount Iraya Agta language may be extinct.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Buhi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Philippines
coordinates: lat: 13.45
lon: 123.51666666667
As of 2013, the Mount Iraya Agta language may be extinct. The Mount Iraya Agta live on the eastern side of Lake Buhi in Camarines Sur, near the border with the town of Tiwi, Albay. Mount Iraya Agta had borrowed so heavily from Bikol that it was indistinguishable from neighboring non-Agta languages except for a very small amount of lexicon, based on evidence from a 1984 SIL wordlist.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Buhi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Philippines
coordinates: lat: 13.45
lon: 123.51666666667
Quezon. The Caliraya River was dammed at its outlet from a large flat plateau area providing a large water reservoir for generating hydroelectric power for Southern Luzon. The dam was over high from which a diversion canal was constructed several miles to the head of a steep slope about 950 feet above &quot;Laguna de Bay&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Laguna de Bay
instance_of: Lake
countries: Philippines
coordinates: lat: 14.508888888889
lon: 121.11888888889
The dam was over high from which a diversion canal was constructed several miles to the head of a steep slope about 950 feet above &quot;Laguna de Bay&quot;. Large penstocks were constructed diverting water down to the powerhouse below, with tailrace down to the Laguna lake. The high head permitted the use of high-speed turbines and generators at relatively low unit costs.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Laguna lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Philippines
coordinates: lat: 14.508888888889
lon: 121.11888888889
Durusu. Durusu or Terkos (, &quot;Derkos&quot;; also Δέλκη &quot;Delke&quot;, Δέλκος &quot;Delkos&quot;, and Δέρκοι &quot;Derkoi&quot;) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Arnavutköy, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 746 (2022). It lies close to the namesake Lake Durusu and the Terkos Dam. History.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Durusu
instance_of: Lake
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 41.3399
lon: 28.5711
King Peak (California). King Peak is a summit in Humboldt County, California, in the United States. It is the tallest mountain of the Lost Coast. King Peak was named for a captain of the United States Army. Going back to 1886 maps, this mountain was referred to as &quot;King's Peak&quot;. Circa 1949 it was listed on one map as &quot;King Peak&quot; but later maps show &quot;King's Peak&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: king's peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.776388888889
lon: -110.37277777778
King Peak (California). King Peak is a summit in Humboldt County, California, in the United States. It is the tallest mountain of the Lost Coast. King Peak was named for a captain of the United States Army. Going back to 1886 maps, this mountain was referred to as &quot;King's Peak&quot;. Circa 1949 it was listed on one map as &quot;King Peak&quot; but later maps show &quot;King's Peak&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: king's peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.776388888889
lon: -110.37277777778
surface_form: king peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.4766
lon: -115.471
surface_form: king peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.1568
lon: -124.124
King Peak (California). King Peak is a summit in Humboldt County, California, in the United States. It is the tallest mountain of the Lost Coast. King Peak was named for a captain of the United States Army. Going back to 1886 maps, this mountain was referred to as &quot;King's Peak&quot;. Circa 1949 it was listed on one map as &quot;King Peak&quot; but later maps show &quot;King's Peak&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: king peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.4766
lon: -115.471
surface_form: king peak (california)
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.1568
lon: -124.124
King Peak (California). King Peak is a summit in Humboldt County, California, in the United States. It is the tallest mountain of the Lost Coast. King Peak was named for a captain of the United States Army. Going back to 1886 maps, this mountain was referred to as &quot;King's Peak&quot;. Circa 1949 it was listed on one map as &quot;King Peak&quot; but later maps show &quot;King's Peak&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: king peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.4766
lon: -115.471
surface_form: king peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.1568
lon: -124.124
The causes of the decline of the species are uncertain, both hunting and habitat loss have been proposed as causes. There are records of hunting of the bird as late as the 1980s in the Merja Zerga wetlands in Morocco, one of the last wintering grounds of the species. As the bird became rarer, this may have exacerbated pressure on hunting of the bird to obtain skins.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Merja Zerga
instance_of: Lake
countries: Morocco
coordinates: lat: 34.84776
lon: -6.27568
He appointed Armengol de Aspa, later his successor as Grand Master, to his position as Grand Commander of the Order. He did not have time to be confirmed as Grand Master of the Order as he died on 4 July 1187 at the Horns of Hattin, where the next major battle of the conflict with Saladin occurred. The Battle of Hattin. On 2 July 1187, Saladin laid siege to Tiberias and seized the city.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Horns of Hattin
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Israel
coordinates: lat: 32.799722222222
lon: 35.459722222222
Culture. A shrine of prominent Sheikh spiritual leader Baba Syed Muhammad Shah Karori and his son Baba Syed Hashim Darya Shah of the Sayyid Hashemi family are in Padhrar. Geography. Padhrar is located at the entrance into Soon Valley, which leads to the mountain peak of Sakesar. The village is located 71 kilometers north of the Khushab District and 48 kilometers south of the Chakwal District.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Soon Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Pakistan
coordinates: lat: 32.58
lon: 72.15
surface_form: Sakesar
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Pakistan
coordinates: lat: 32.51861111111111
lon: 71.94805555555556
the Lord of Bengal (Gauda), the lord of the Karnataka region or Vijayanagara, the Lord of Kalaburagi and of nine crore (90 million) subjects. Kapilendra was the most powerful Hindu king of his time, and under him Orissa became an empire stretching from the lower Ganga in the north to the Kaveri in the south.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Kaveri
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 11.370345
lon: 79.828105
During World War II, the company contributed significantly to wartime production, and manufactured a number of military supplies -- including bullet cores, shell casings and other screw machine products used in the war effort. Since then, most of the company's once prospering, large factories and facilities in Upstate New York's Mohawk Valley have been closed. But in 1979, H. M. Quackenbush Inc.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Upstate New York's Mohawk Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
As of the 2010 census, the population was 503 residents. Mingoville is located in eastern Centre County, west of the center of Walker Township, in the Nittany Valley between Nittany Mountain to the southeast and Sand Ridge to the northwest. It is southwest of the community of Hublersburg and northeast of Zion, along Pennsylvania Route 64. State College is to the southwest. Education.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Nittany Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.9
lon: -77.7
History. Marian apparitions at Velankanni include three of the Virgin of Velankanni in the 16th century, according to oral lore and popular belief. The third noteworthy incident is the reported miraculous rescue of the Portuguese in Goa and Bombay-Bassein, who were sailing away from a deadly monsoon surge and tempest, in the Bay of Bengal in the late 17th century.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Bay of Bengal
instance_of: Body of water
countries: India
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Myanmar
coordinates: lat: 15
lon: 88
Midway-Sunset Oil Field. The Midway-Sunset Oil Field is a large oil field in Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California in the United States.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Joaquin Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
Furthermore, it welcomed the Angolan government for ensuring the implementation of an agreement for a settlement of the situation in Ituri, and the South African government in assisting the Congolese parties to reach an agreement on transitional arrangements. The situation in the country continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the African Great Lakes region. Acts.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: African Great Lakes
instance_of: Group of lakes
countries: Burundi
Zambia
Kenya
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Malawi
Mozambique
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
Ethiopia
coordinates: lat: -8
lon: 35
The site covers an area of 2.5 hectares. It was inhabited almost continuously from 1100 to 1600 by a local variation of the Mississippian culture known as the South Appalachian Mississippian culture. Although submerged under Lake Oconee, the site is still important as one of the first explorations of a large Mississippian culture mound.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Oconee
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 33.35
lon: -83.157
She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2010. Personal life. Lefebure and John Gerrish married at Marylebone in 1945, after he returned from active service in India. They lived by the river at Kingston-upon-Thames and had two children. In 1957 they bought a house, &quot;Low High Snab&quot;, in Newlands Valley, Cumbria, where Lefebure wrote many of her books.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Newlands Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.573011111111
lon: -3.1848694444444
Bleaberry Fell. Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of. It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell. Topography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Walla Crag
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.581388888889
lon: -3.1194444444444
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
This ridge, which also contains the fells of High Seat and High Tove, is notoriously boggy underfoot, but Bleaberry Fell is mostly dry and the heather-covered summit gives an excellent all-round vista. To the east the fell has the rock faces of Iron Crag and Goat Crags as it falls away towards the Thirlmere valley. Ascents.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: High Tove
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5396
lon: -3.10199
surface_form: high seat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.406
lon: -2.305
surface_form: high seat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.552
lon: -3.104
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
Ascents. The fell is usually climbed from the car park in Great Wood in Borrowdale, firstly ascending Walla Crag via Cat Gill and then continuing south-easterly for to Bleaberry Fell which is clearly in view. The fell can also be climbed from Keswick, an round trip, again going by Walla Crag.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Walla Crag
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.581388888889
lon: -3.1194444444444
surface_form: borrowdale
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.42
lon: -2.665
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
Another possible starting point is the hamlet of Dale Bottom on the main Keswick to Ambleside road. It is possible to continue from Bleaberry Fell southerly along the ridge to take in the other Wainwright fells of High Seat and High Tove following a line of old fenceposts. This ridge is very boggy. Geology. The summit of the fell is representative of the Birker Fell Formation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: high tove
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5396
lon: -3.10199
surface_form: high seat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.406
lon: -2.305
surface_form: high seat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.552
lon: -3.104
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
To the south en route to High Seat are garnet-bearing porphyric andesite. Much of the northern section is overlain by peat and till. Summit. The top is heather-clad and carries a number of cairns. Bleaberry Fell's central position is rewarded by a fine all-round view, all of the major fell groups being visible. Derwentwater can be brought into sight by moving to the north-west cairn.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: derwentwater
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.583333333333
lon: -3.15
It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell. Topography. Situated in the central area of the national park, south of Keswick, Bleaberry Fell is the northernmost top on the ridge that separates the valleys containing the lakes of Derwent Water (Borrowdale) and Thirlmere.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: derwent water
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.583333333333
lon: -3.15
surface_form: borrowdale
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.42
lon: -2.665
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
Ascents. The fell is usually climbed from the car park in Great Wood in Borrowdale, firstly ascending Walla Crag via Cat Gill and then continuing south-easterly for to Bleaberry Fell which is clearly in view. The fell can also be climbed from Keswick, an round trip, again going by Walla Crag.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: walla crag
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.581388888889
lon: -3.1194444444444
The fell can also be climbed from Keswick, an round trip, again going by Walla Crag. Walla Crag is in fact part of Bleaberry Fell, being the outlying north western crags, but is given the status of a separate fell by Lake District writers due to its excellent views and popularity. Another possible starting point is the hamlet of Dale Bottom on the main Keswick to Ambleside road.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: walla crag
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.581388888889
lon: -3.1194444444444
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
This ridge is very boggy. Geology. The summit of the fell is representative of the Birker Fell Formation. This is composed of plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas and subordinate sills. To the south en route to High Seat are garnet-bearing porphyric andesite. Much of the northern section is overlain by peat and till. Summit. The top is heather-clad and carries a number of cairns.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: high seat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.406
lon: -2.305
surface_form: high seat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.552
lon: -3.104
Bleaberry Fell. Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of. It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell. Topography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: borrowdale
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.42
lon: -2.665
Bleaberry Fell. Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of. It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell. Topography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 51.07
lon: -0.62
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
This ridge, which also contains the fells of High Seat and High Tove, is notoriously boggy underfoot, but Bleaberry Fell is mostly dry and the heather-covered summit gives an excellent all-round vista. To the east the fell has the rock faces of Iron Crag and Goat Crags as it falls away towards the Thirlmere valley. Ascents.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: iron crag
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.4951
lon: -3.35506
Bleaberry Fell. Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of. It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell. Topography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
To the south en route to High Seat are garnet-bearing porphyric andesite. Much of the northern section is overlain by peat and till. Summit. The top is heather-clad and carries a number of cairns. Bleaberry Fell's central position is rewarded by a fine all-round view, all of the major fell groups being visible. Derwentwater can be brought into sight by moving to the north-west cairn.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: bleaberry fell
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 54.5657
lon: -3.10733
Mount Ararat. Mount Ararat, also known as Masis or Mount Ağrı, is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in easternmost Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian highlands with an elevation of; Little Ararat's elevation is. The Ararat massif is about wide at ground base.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Little Ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
Iran
coordinates: lat: 39.64827
lon: 44.41373
surface_form: greater ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The Ararat plain runs along its northwest to western side. Elevation. Ararat is the third most prominent mountain in West Asia behind Elbrus and Damavand. An elevation of for Mount Ararat is given by some encyclopedias and reference works such as &quot;Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary&quot; and &quot;Encyclopedia of World Geography&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Elbrus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Russia
Soviet Union
Russian Empire
coordinates: lat: 43.35254
lon: 42.437875
surface_form: Damavand
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Iran
coordinates: lat: 35.955277777778
lon: 52.109166666667
Years later, Birman observed on the south-facing slopes a possible moraine that extends at least in altitude below the base of the 1958 ice cap at an elevation of. He also found two morainal deposits that were created by a Mount Ararat valley glacier of Pleistocene, possibly in the Last Glacial Period, downvalley from Lake Balık.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Balık
instance_of: Lake
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.77388888888889
lon: 43.56722222222222
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
It consists of about of dacitic and rhyolitic pyroclastic debris and dacitic, rhyolitic, and basaltic lavas. Mount Ararat consists of two distinct volcanic cones, Greater Ararat and Lesser Ararat (Little Ararat). The western volcanic cone, Greater Ararat, is a steep-sided volcanic cone that is larger and higher than the eastern volcanic cone.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Little Ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
Iran
coordinates: lat: 39.64827
lon: 44.41373
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In 1861 Armenian poet Mikael Nalbandian, witnessing the Italian unification, wrote to Harutiun Svadjian in a letter from Naples: &quot;Etna and Vesuvius are still smoking; is there no fire left in the old volcano of Ararat?&quot;
Theodore Edward Dowling wrote in 1910 that Ararat and Etchmiadzin are the &quot;two great objects of Armenian veneration&quot;, while Jonathan Smele called Ararat and the medieval capital of Ani the &quot;most cherished symbols of Armenian identity&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Vesuvius
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Italy
coordinates: lat: 40.821388888889
lon: 14.425555555556
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Mount Ararat. Mount Ararat, also known as Masis or Mount Ağrı, is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in easternmost Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian highlands with an elevation of; Little Ararat's elevation is. The Ararat massif is about wide at ground base.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: masis
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Mount Ararat. Mount Ararat, also known as Masis or Mount Ağrı, is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in easternmost Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian highlands with an elevation of; Little Ararat's elevation is. The Ararat massif is about wide at ground base.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: greater ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The lower moraine occurs about downstream from Lake Balık. Both moraines are about high. It is suspected that Lake Balık occupies a glacial basin. Geology. Mount Ararat is a polygenic, compound stratovolcano. Covering an area of, it is the largest volcanic edifice within the region. Along its northwest–southeast trending long axis, Mount Ararat is about long and is about long along its short axis.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Geology. Mount Ararat is a polygenic, compound stratovolcano. Covering an area of, it is the largest volcanic edifice within the region. Along its northwest–southeast trending long axis, Mount Ararat is about long and is about long along its short axis. It consists of about of dacitic and rhyolitic pyroclastic debris and dacitic, rhyolitic, and basaltic lavas.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
First, they recognized a &quot;fissure eruption phase&quot; of Plinian-subPlinian fissure eruptions that deposited more than of pyroclastic rocks and a few basaltic lava flows. These volcanic rocks were erupted from approximately north northwest–south southeast-trending extensional faults and fissures prior to the development of Mount Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Mount Ararat. Mount Ararat, also known as Masis or Mount Ağrı, is a snow-capped and dormant compound volcano in easternmost Turkey. It consists of two major volcanic cones: Greater Ararat and Little Ararat. Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian highlands with an elevation of; Little Ararat's elevation is. The Ararat massif is about wide at ground base.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian highlands with an elevation of; Little Ararat's elevation is. The Ararat massif is about wide at ground base. The first recorded efforts to reach Ararat's summit were made in the Middle Ages, and Friedrich Parrot, Khachatur Abovian, and four others made the first recorded ascent in 1829.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In Europe, the mountain has been called by the name Ararat since the Middle Ages, as it began to be identified with &quot;mountains of Ararat&quot; described in the Bible as the resting place of Noah's Ark, despite contention that does not refer specifically to a Mount Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The Turkish-Armenian-Azerbaijani and Turkish-Iranian-Azerbaijani tripoints are some apart, separated by a narrow strip of Turkish territory containing the E99 road which enters Nakhchivan. From the 16th century until 1828 the range was part of the Ottoman-Persian border; Great Ararat's summit and the northern slopes, along with the eastern slopes of Little Ararat were controlled by Persia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
It formally became part of Turkey according to the 1921 Treaty of Moscow and Treaty of Kars. In the late 1920s, Turkey crossed the Iranian border and occupied the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat as part of its effort to quash the Kurdish Ararat rebellion, during which the Kurdish rebels used the area as a safe haven against the Turkish state.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
In the late 1920s, Turkey crossed the Iranian border and occupied the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat as part of its effort to quash the Kurdish Ararat rebellion, during which the Kurdish rebels used the area as a safe haven against the Turkish state. Iran eventually agreed to cede the area to Turkey in a territorial exchange. The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat. Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat. Ararat. The mountain was not called by the name Ararat until the Middle Ages; early Armenian historians considered the biblical Ararat to be in Corduene. It is known as Ararat in European languages, however, none of the native peoples have traditionally referred to it by that name.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Ararat. The mountain was not called by the name Ararat until the Middle Ages; early Armenian historians considered the biblical Ararat to be in Corduene. It is known as Ararat in European languages, however, none of the native peoples have traditionally referred to it by that name. Ultimately, Ararat is the Biblical Hebrew name of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
It is known as Ararat in European languages, however, none of the native peoples have traditionally referred to it by that name. Ultimately, Ararat is the Biblical Hebrew name of the Iron Age kingdom of Urartu. Urartu, the Assyrian/Babylonian name of the kingdom, has been proposed by Archibald Sayce to mean &quot;highlands&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Ayrarat, the central province of ancient Armenia, is linked to the same name. Robert W. Thomson argued that the mountain was called Ararat &quot;by confusion with Ayrarat, the name of the province.&quot;
Ağrı and Agirî. The Turkish name Mount Ağrı (&quot;Ağrı Dağı&quot;,;,), has been known since the late Middle Ages.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Armen Petrosyan suggested a link to the Māšu (Mashu) mountain mentioned in the &quot;Epic of Gilgamesh&quot;, pronounced &quot;Māsu&quot; in Assyrian. Additionally, the land of Erkuahi, mentioned in Urartian texts and identified with Ararat, may preserve a native Armenian form of the same name—erku (երկու) meaning &quot;two&quot; in Armenian. Other names.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Other names. The traditional Persian name is (, '), literally the &quot;mountain of Noah&quot;. In classical antiquity, particularly in Strabo's &quot;Geographica&quot;, the peaks of Ararat were known in ancient Greek as (&quot;Abos&quot;) and (&quot;Nibaros&quot;). Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Geography. Mount Ararat is located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, between the provinces of Ağrı and Iğdır, near the border with Iran, Armenia and Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between the Aras and Murat rivers. The Serdarbulak lava plateau, at 2600 meters of elevation, separates the peaks of Greater and Little Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Mount Ararat is located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, between the provinces of Ağrı and Iğdır, near the border with Iran, Armenia and Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between the Aras and Murat rivers. The Serdarbulak lava plateau, at 2600 meters of elevation, separates the peaks of Greater and Little Ararat. There are Doğubayazıt Reeds on the western slopes of Mount Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The Serdarbulak lava plateau, at 2600 meters of elevation, separates the peaks of Greater and Little Ararat. There are Doğubayazıt Reeds on the western slopes of Mount Ararat. Mount Ararat's summit is located some west of the Turkey-Iran border and south of the Turkey-Armenia border. The Ararat plain runs along its northwest to western side. Elevation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The Ararat plain runs along its northwest to western side. Elevation. Ararat is the third most prominent mountain in West Asia behind Elbrus and Damavand. An elevation of for Mount Ararat is given by some encyclopedias and reference works such as &quot;Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary&quot; and &quot;Encyclopedia of World Geography&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The ice cap on the summit of Mount Ararat has been shrinking since at least 1957. In the late 1950s, Blumenthal observed that there existed 11 outlet glaciers emerging from a summit snow mass that covered about. At that time, it was found that the present glaciers on the summit of Ararat extend as low as an elevation of on the north-facing slope, and an elevation of
on its south-facing slope.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
The western volcanic cone, Greater Ararat, is a steep-sided volcanic cone that is larger and higher than the eastern volcanic cone. Greater Ararat is about wide at the base and rises about above the adjacent floors of the Iğdir and Doğubeyazıt basins. The eastern volcanic cone, Lesser Ararat, is high and across.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Apparently, it reached a climax during the latest Miocene–Pliocene, 6 to 3 Ma. During the Quaternary, the volcanism became restricted to a few local volcanoes such as Mount Ararat. These volcanoes are typically associated with north–south tensional fractures formed by the continuing north–south shortening deformation of Anatolia.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
These volcanoes are typically associated with north–south tensional fractures formed by the continuing north–south shortening deformation of Anatolia. In their detailed study and summary of the Quaternary volcanism of Anatolia, Yilmaz et al. recognized four phases to the construction of Mount Ararat from volcanic rocks exposed in glacial valleys deeply carved into its flanks.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Second, a &quot;cone-building phase&quot; began when the volcanic activity became localized at a point along a fissure. During this phase, the eruption of successive flows of lava up to thick and pyroclastic flows of andesite and dacite composition and later eruption of basaltic lava flows, formed the Greater Ararat cone with a low conical profile.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Recent volcanic and seismic activity. The chronology of Holocene volcanic activity associated with Mount Ararat is documented by either archaeological excavations, oral history, historical records, or a combination of these data, which provide evidence that volcanic eruptions of Mount Ararat occurred in 2500–2400 BC, 550 BC, possibly in 1450 AD and 1783 AD, and definitely in 1840 AD.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Oral histories indicated that a significant eruption of uncertain magnitude occurred in 550 BC and minor eruptions of uncertain nature might have occurred in 1450 AD and 1783 AD. According to the interpretation of historical and archaeological data, strong earthquakes not associated with volcanic eruptions also occurred in the area of Mount Ararat in 139, 368, 851–893, and 1319 AD.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: mount ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Thomas Stackhouse, an 18th-century English theologian, noted that &quot;All the Armenians are firmly persuaded that Noah's ark exists to the present day on the summit of Mount Ararat, and that in order to preserve it, no person is permitted to approach it.&quot; In response to its first ascent by Parrot and Abovian, one high-ranking Armenian Apostolic Church clergyman commented that to climb the sacred mountain was &quot;to tie the womb of the mother of all mankind in a dragonish mode&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
By contrast, in the 21st century to climb Ararat is &quot;the most highly valued goal of some of the patriotic pilgrimages that are organized in growing number from Armenia and the Armenian diaspora&quot;. First ascent. The first recorded ascent of the mountain in modern times took place on.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
First ascent. The first recorded ascent of the mountain in modern times took place on. The Baltic German naturalist Friedrich Parrot of the University of Dorpat arrived at Etchmiadzin in mid-September 1829, almost two years after the Russian capture of Yerevan, for the sole purpose of exploring Ararat.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Parrot measured the elevation at using a mercury barometer. This was not only the first recorded ascent of Ararat, but also the second highest elevation climbed by man up to that date outside of Mount Licancabur in the Chilean Andes. Abovian dug a hole in the ice and erected a wooden cross facing north.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333
Later notable ascents. Other early notable climbers of Ararat included Russian climatologist and meteorologist Kozma Spassky-Avtonomov (August 1834), Karl Behrens (1835), German mineralogist and geologist Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich (29 July 1845), British politician Henry Danby Seymour (1848) and British army officer Major Robert Stuart (1856).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: ararat
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Turkey
coordinates: lat: 39.70194444444444
lon: 44.29833333333333