Sarmila/GeoWiki-Features huggingface dataset:
The East African great lakes plateau was difficult for the nineteenth-century European explorers to access, with inhospitable arid or semi-arid land to the north, east and southeast, and the difficult Congo Basin forests to the west. The route from the south via the rift valley lakes, Nyasa and Tanganyika, was easier, and the Congo–Nile divide from the northwest provided the easiest route.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tanganyika
instance_of: Lake
countries: Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Burundi
Zambia
coordinates: lat: -6.1
lon: 29.5
The people who live along the divide are diverse, mainly speaking Central Sudanic languages in the northern parts and Bantu languages further south. The European colonialists used the Congo–Nile divide as a boundary between British-controlled territories to the east and territories controlled by the French and Belgians to the west.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
The European colonialists used the Congo–Nile divide as a boundary between British-controlled territories to the east and territories controlled by the French and Belgians to the west. This was decided at a time when few Europeans had visited the area, which had yet to be mapped. It separated members of the ethnic groups that live on both sides of the divide. Northern section: Sudan.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
The easily traveled northern section of the divide may have been the main route for Bantu expansion to the east and south in the Iron Age. The combination of deforestation due to seed agriculture, cattle ownership and changes in weapons technology with the introduction of iron may have allowed Bantu-speakers to migrate south through the region into Buganda no more than 1,500 years ago.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
From there, they would have continued yet further south. The people who now live along the Congo–Nile divide in South Sudan speak Central Sudanic languages, and include the Kresh people. They once lived to the west of the divide in the region to the south of Lake Chad,
but were forced east and south by expanding populations further to the west.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
surface_form: chad
instance_of: Lake
coordinates: lat: -77.65
lon: 162.767
surface_form: lake chad
instance_of: Lake
coordinates: lat: -77.65
lon: 162.767
They once lived to the west of the divide in the region to the south of Lake Chad,
but were forced east and south by expanding populations further to the west. The Europeans knew little about the area in 1885, when they made the divide the boundary between Belgian and French spheres of influence to the west and the British sphere of influence to the east.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
In the central section, the divide runs along the mountains that form the west flank of the Albertine Rift from Lake Albert in the north, past Lake Edward and on towards the north end of Lake Kivu. The divide crosses the Albertine rift along the line of the Virunga Mountains, to the north of Lake Kivu. The Virunga Massif along the border between Rwanda and the DRC consists of eight volcanoes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
Farming is difficult in this area, where peaks can be over high. The parks are under pressure from the people that live near them. The Rukarara River rises in forested country in southern Rwanda to the east of the divide. The source of the Rukarara is now known to be the overall source of the Nile – the point at the furthest distance upstream from the river's mouth.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: the divide
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -60.73333
lon: -45.16667
surface_form: southern
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.2
lon: -76.4667
The divide crosses the Albertine rift along the line of the Virunga Mountains, to the north of Lake Kivu. The Virunga Massif along the border between Rwanda and the DRC consists of eight volcanoes. Two of these, Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo, are still highly active. South of the Virungas, Lake Kivu drains to the south into Lake Tanganyika through the Ruzizi River.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: active
instance_of: Landform
Body of water
coordinates: lat: -63.4167
lon: -56.1667
Nineteenth-century British explorers such as Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke, uncertain of the direction of flow of the Ruzizi, thought that it might flow north out of the lake toward the White Nile. Their research and follow-up explorations by David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley established among Europeans that this was not the case.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: morton
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -64.4
lon: -61.0167
surface_form: morton
instance_of: Body of water
coordinates: lat: -62.6972
lon: -61.22
Before that Lake Tanganyika, or separate sub-basins in what is now the lake, may have had no outlet other than evaporation. Southern section: east of Albertine rift. In the south, the divide runs from a point near the southwest corner of Lake Victoria in a southwesterly direction through Tanzania and Burundi to the mountains that form the eastern wall of the Albertine Rift.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: southern
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -74.2
lon: -76.4667
The divide runs northward along the crest of these mountains to the east of Lake Tanganyika and Lake Kivu. This region includes the Nyungwe Forest in Rwanda and the Kibira National Park in Burundi. The parks provide a refuge for various primates of conservation concern, and also for rare bird and plant species.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: park
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -67.2333
lon: 51
Other European explorers who helped map out the region included Panayotis Potagos (1839–1903), Georg August Schweinfurth (1836–1925), who discovered the Uele River, although he mistakenly thought it flowed into the Chad Basin rather than the Congo, Wilhelm Junker (1840–1892), who corrected Schweinfurth's hydrographical theories, and Oskar Lenz 1848–1925).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: chad
instance_of: Lake
coordinates: lat: -77.65
lon: 162.767
The Berlin Conference of 1885 agreed that the Nile–Congo watershed would form the boundary between the British Sudan and the Congo State.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: berlin
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -76.055
lon: -135.825
The Ruzizi River, flowing south into Lake Tanganyika, is part of the upper watershed of the Congo River. Nineteenth-century British explorers such as Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke, uncertain of the direction of flow of the Ruzizi, thought that it might flow north out of the lake toward the White Nile.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: francis
instance_of: Mountain
coordinates: lat: -72.2167
lon: 168.75
Stillwater Mountain. Stillwater Mountain is a mountain in Adirondack Mountains of New York. It is located south of Stillwater in the town of Webb in Herkimer County. In 1919, a steel fire lookout tower was built on the mountain. At the end of the 1988 fire lookout season, the tower ceased fire lookout operation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: a mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 32.2925
lon: -106.69777777778
surface_form: stillwater mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.862222222222
lon: -75.033611111111
Stillwater Mountain. Stillwater Mountain is a mountain in Adirondack Mountains of New York. It is located south of Stillwater in the town of Webb in Herkimer County. In 1919, a steel fire lookout tower was built on the mountain. At the end of the 1988 fire lookout season, the tower ceased fire lookout operation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: stillwater mountain
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.862222222222
lon: -75.033611111111
The unit was led by Wing Commander D. W. Baird, who had previously commanded RNZAF forces in Fiji. Equipped with Consolidated Catalina flying boats, No. 490 Squadron was tasked with patrolling for submarines, escorting convoys, and search and rescue missions, both from Jui and from Fisherman's Lake in Liberia. Its first operation was as a convoy escort on 2 July.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fisherman's Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Liberia
coordinates: lat: 6.7352777777778
lon: -11.251111111111
Wing Commander B. S. Nicholl took over in December 1943 and oversaw the squadron's conversion to Short Sunderland flying boats the following year. By this time, an advance base for the squadron had been established at Fisherman's Lake in Liberia. The U-boat threat had now largely disappeared but the squadron still escorted convoys and carried out patrols.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Fisherman's Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Liberia
coordinates: lat: 6.7352777777778
lon: -11.251111111111
Khindsi Lake. Khindsi Lake is a lake near the city of Ramtek in the Nagpur district of India. The lake offers boating activities, watersports, restaurants, and resorts, which are operated by Rajkamal Tourism and Olive Resorts at Khindsi Lake. It is Central India's largest boating center and amusement park with many tourists visiting every year.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: khindsi lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: India
coordinates: lat: 21.404030555556
lon: 79.363452777778
The first two sections act as a parallel route for part of the original valley way, but use riverside footpaths instead. The end of the route is the maze at Julian's Bower, which has a viewpoint that overlooks Trent Falls. Biddulph to Stone. There are also plans to establish a definitive route in the upper reaches of the Trent, from Biddulph to Stone.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Trent Falls
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 53.700467
lon: -0.691109
The stag outruns the hunt, exhausting all its members until only one huntsman – who, we later learn, is James Fitz-James – follows it until his horse falls down dead of exhaustion. The huntsman blows his horn to try to contact someone, and wanders to the shore of Loch Katrine where a young woman, Ellen Douglas, rows across and picks him up in a skiff.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Loch Katrine
instance_of: Lake
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 56.254444444444445
lon: -4.515555555555555
Saale. The Saale (), also known as the Saxon Saale () and Thuringian Saale (), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. It is distinguished from the smaller Franconian Saale, a right-bank tributary of the Main, or the Saale in Lower Saxony, a tributary of the Leine. Etymology.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Elbe
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Czech Republic
Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.922222222222224
lon: 8.722222222222221
Course. The Saale originates on the slope of the Großer Waldstein mountain near Zell in the Fichtel Mountains in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), at an elevation of. It pursues a winding course in a northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town of Hof, enters Thuringia. It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of the Thuringian Forest until it reaches the valley of Saalfeld.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Großer Waldstein
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 50.128888888889
lon: 11.855
Scholastic Scrimmage. &quot;Scholastic Scrimmage&quot; is a high school quiz bowl game show that was launched in 1975. It airs on WLVT-TV, the PBS affiliate for the Lehigh Valley in eastern Pennsylvania and has been franchised to other Pennsylvania PBS Stations. The long-running show is hosted by writer and producer David Graf. Prior to fall 1995, the show was hosted by Harry Price.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lehigh Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.7
lon: -75.5
The team that has the highest score wins the match and advances to the next round of the tournament. The tournament bracket is made up of approximately 32 teams from high schools around the Lehigh Valley; the exact number varies from year to year. At the end of the &quot;Scholastic Scrimmage&quot; season, the winning school is awarded $4000, with the runner-up receiving $2000.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lehigh Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.7
lon: -75.5
At the end of the &quot;Scholastic Scrimmage&quot; season, the winning school is awarded $4000, with the runner-up receiving $2000. The winning team also receives small trophies, a large trophy for their high school's trophy case, and the bragging rights of being the best team in the Lehigh Valley. The show is currently in its 50th year on WLVT-TV. Records.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lehigh Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40.7
lon: -75.5
These localities include: Jalgaon, India; the Harz Mountains of Germany, Mont Saint-Hilaire in Canada, and Kongsberg, Norway, with other locations in Scotland, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, and throughout the United States. Structure. Apophyllite has an unusual structure for a phyllosilicate.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mont Saint-Hilaire
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.552222222222
lon: -73.163888888889
Bridell, freed from the deprivation of his early years, embarked on his most prolific period. In Italy, he completed monumental works inspired by the landscape near Rome. It was however, in the vicinity of the Italian Lakes that he was most inspired to paint. Returning to England in 1863, he died of consumption in Kensington in August of that year and was buried in Brompton Cemetery.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Italian Lakes
instance_of: Group of lakes
countries: Italy
Switzerland
For Russia, the principal issue was to acquire the ships and the basing rights, which was preferred to be on a sovereign territory of Russia. It was of symbolic importance for Russia, in order to project its power on its southern flank in relation to Turkey, the Caucasus and the future Caspian oil flows. Russia sought to establish a powerful presence in the region.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Caspian
instance_of: Body of water
Lake
countries: Iran
Russia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42
lon: 50.5
However, the tensions flared up soon on 22 July 1992, when the Black Sea Fleet coast guard frigate armed with torpedoes, two cannons and depth charges raised the Ukrainian flag and headed from a training exercise in Donuzlav to Odessa without permission. The sailors, who had already taken an oath of allegiance to Ukraine, claimed oppression and humiliation by senior Russian officers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Donuzlav
instance_of: Lake
countries: Ukraine
Russia
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 45.34
lon: 33.01
Scotch Lake, New Brunswick. Scotch Lake is a small community in York County, New Brunswick, Canada. It was founded by six families from Roxburghshire and Dumfriesshire in 1820. It has a population of around 300. Scotch Lake has many homes and cottages, and has provincial park trails under the care of Mactaquac Provincial Park.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: scotch lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.9575
lon: -66.96888888888888
surface_form: scotch lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 46.18388888888889
lon: -60.367222222222225
It was founded by six families from Roxburghshire and Dumfriesshire in 1820. It has a population of around 300. Scotch Lake has many homes and cottages, and has provincial park trails under the care of Mactaquac Provincial Park. Local wildlife includes white tailed deer, black bears, wild hare and beaver, and its woods are home to a large variety of birds.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: scotch lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 45.9575
lon: -66.96888888888888
surface_form: scotch lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 46.18388888888889
lon: -60.367222222222225
The region has experienced severe economic decline due to mines being closed and high unemployment, and the town of Aninoasa was called &quot;the Detroit of Europe&quot;. Nevertheless, the Jiu Valley region was unevenly affected; for instance Petroşani, being the largest town of the region has long had a more diverse economy; while Straja has developed itself based on tourism as a mountain resort.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Straja
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 45.320711
lon: 23.236856
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: straja
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 45.320711
lon: 23.236856
Jiu Valley. The Jiu Valley (,) is a region in southwestern Transylvania, Romania, in Hunedoara county, situated in a valley of the Jiu River between the Retezat Mountains and the Parâng Mountains. The region was heavily industrialised and the main activity was coal mining, but due to low efficiency, most of the mines were closed down in the years following the collapse of Communism in Romania.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Before the 19th century. The region was populated since ancient times, being part of Dacia. During the Middle Ages, the inhabitants of the Jiu Valley lived in huts spread along the mountains, and often near the river, and the main activity was shepherding. Until the early 19th century the region remained sparsely populated due to its geographical isolation (being surrounded by mountains).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
19th century and early 20th century. The development of coal mining started in the Jiu Valley about 160 years ago, around the middle of the 19th century, when Hungarian, German, Czech and Polish workers were brought from all parts of the Habsburg Empire to work in the coal mines.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
The development of coal mining started in the Jiu Valley about 160 years ago, around the middle of the 19th century, when Hungarian, German, Czech and Polish workers were brought from all parts of the Habsburg Empire to work in the coal mines. Romanian miners from other regions, such as Baia Mare or the Apuseni Mountains, were also brought to work in the Jiu Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
During the late 19th century, the region started to strongly develop itself, economically and culturally, through a flourishing industry based on mining. The Jiu Valley, being situated in Transylvania, was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the 1918 Union of Transylvania with Romania.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
The mines were privately owned until 1948, when all private companies were nationalized by the Communist government. The Jiu Valley during the Communist regime. As part of Romania's reparations to the Soviet Union for its wartime alliance with Germany, the Romanian coal mines were nationalized and converted into joint Soviet-Romanian companies (SovRoms).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
These Sovroms continued for about ten years. The Jiu Valley expanded rapidly in the second half of the 20th century as the country's communist rulers (Petru Groza 1945–1952, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1952–1965, and Nicolae Ceaușescu 1965–1989) embarked on an intensive industrial growth program fueled by coal combustion. Steel production rose from 280,000 tons in 1938 to 13,790,000 tons in 1985.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Consumption also fell more than 60%, from 77.7 Mmst in 1989 to 30.8 Mmst in 1998. During this same period the Jiu Valley has been profoundly influenced by lack of re-investment, deteriorating infrastructure, mine closures and massive layoffs, environmental degradation, and political and cultural isolation from the rest of Romania. Organized labor in Romania.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Some consolidation occurred in the 1990s. Jiu Valley Coal Miners Union. Few, if any, Romanian trade unions, though, have had as much influence or won as much national notoriety (or international attention) as the &quot;Liga Sindicatelor Miniere din Valea Jiului&quot; (League of Miners Unions of the Jiu Valley, or Jiu Valley Coal Miners Union).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Some consolidation occurred in the 1990s. Jiu Valley Coal Miners Union. Few, if any, Romanian trade unions, though, have had as much influence or won as much national notoriety (or international attention) as the &quot;Liga Sindicatelor Miniere din Valea Jiului&quot; (League of Miners Unions of the Jiu Valley, or Jiu Valley Coal Miners Union).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: valea jiului
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
While there are two other coal mining regions (primarily surface mining) in Romania, and other miners unions, the Jiu Valley Coal Miners Union has long been the most independent and militant. Political and social unrest in this region is nothing new.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
The subsequent climate of fear kept the miners silent until the 1989 revolution. The 1990s: the rise and decline of miners' unions. During the 1990s the Jiu Valley miners have played a visible role in Romanian politics. In fact, Romanians have a name – &quot;mineriada (mineriad)&quot; – for the periodic eruptions of violence when Jiu Valley miners went on strike and descended upon Bucharest.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
The 1990s: the rise and decline of miners' unions. During the 1990s the Jiu Valley miners have played a visible role in Romanian politics. In fact, Romanians have a name – &quot;mineriada (mineriad)&quot; – for the periodic eruptions of violence when Jiu Valley miners went on strike and descended upon Bucharest. The first post-revolution action came in 1990.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
When the police failed to contain the crowds in University Square, President Iliescu issued a call to arms to Romania's population to prevent further attacks on the newly elected authorities. Among those who responded to the call from organizers were coal miners from the Jiu Valley, who accepted the government offered transport to go to Bucharest to confront the demonstrators.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
However, a year after the beginning of the mining sector restructuring, only approximately 5,000 of the 18,000 had employment, either through starting their own jobs or finding other jobs (and most of these with the companies overseeing the mine closures). Each mine closure is widely felt in the Jiu Valley community.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Each mine closure is widely felt in the Jiu Valley community. In Campul lui Neag, the westernmost mine in Jiu Valley, after Ordinance 22 only 152 people remained of the 790 who used to work there before 1966. At Dâlja, a mine in the east of the Jiu Valley there were only 1,023 miners left of the former 3,000.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
At Dâlja, a mine in the east of the Jiu Valley there were only 1,023 miners left of the former 3,000. In Lupeni, reputed the second largest mine in Europe and, unlike some of the other Jiu Valley mines, a relatively profitable one, by 1999 only 4,000 workers remained of the pre-1996 8,000 workers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
To limit losses in the unprofitable mining sector, then running at $370 million, the government made an announcement just before Christmas 1998 of its plan to close non-profitable mines. After closing about 100 mines and getting rid of 90,000 mining jobs in the course of 1997, including 20,000 in the Jiu Valley, implementing this new plan would result in firing additional 6,500 miners.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
The result was an outpouring of miner resentment and anger at what the miners saw as another betrayal. Organized by union leader Miron Cozma, on 20 January 1999 an estimated 10-15,000 set out on another &quot;mineriad&quot; from the Jiu Valley to Bucharest to force the government to change its policy, demand wage increases and re-opening of recently closed mines.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
In return for the miners’ agreement to turn around and go back to the Jiu Valley, the government agreed to a 30 percent pay rise, re-opening of two previously closed mines, and the spending of hundreds of millions of European Union development funds on projects in the Jiu Valley. Some analysts conclude that the agreement may well have averted an eruption by disaffected workers in other industries.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
After the first election round saw a fragmented right lose on all fronts, the electorate came to choose between Iliescu and the extremist Corneliu Vadim Tudor in the runoff, securing Iliescu's victory. Effects of mine closings. To mitigate the effects of the mine closures, in 1999 the government announced several measures to assist the economically depressed Jiu Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
These measures included: 1) designating the Jiu Valley as a disadvantaged area, a status under which companies investing in the area would benefit from certain tax breaks; 2) construction on the Campul lui Neag-Baile Herculane road (begun August 15, 1999); and 3) the National Tourism Authority designating the Jiu Valley as a tourist area in order to provide jobs for some of the laid-off workers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Miners salaries, estimated at $400–500/month as of January 2006, are considerably higher than the average in Jiu Valley which lag far behind the national average income. Miners who have been laid off by the mines are to receive a severance pay, but often saw this eaten away by the hyperinflation in the late 1990s, only brought under control in the past several years (2006).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
By 2000 this had begun to change as the Romanian banks became more efficient and competitive, and as public confidence began to grow, so did deposits. With the redundancy pay-offs, some of the miners expressed interests in starting their own businesses and see the Jiu Valley develop a tourist industry, but the impediments to both are painfully obvious and everywhere.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
The Jiu Valley is Romania's principal coal mining region. Two other areas in Romania have some surface mining, while the Jiu Valley contains deep shaft underground mines. While providing only 12% of the Romania's supply of coal, the Jiu Valley is the only region in Romania both completely urbanized and with a history of being largely reliant on a single industry.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
While providing only 12% of the Romania's supply of coal, the Jiu Valley is the only region in Romania both completely urbanized and with a history of being largely reliant on a single industry. Coal mining has long been the heart and economic lifeline for the Jiu Valley, but this activity has decreased since the 1990s, when many mines were closed.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Cities and towns. There are several settlements in the area, the largest of which is the city of Petroșani, which was founded in the 17th century, and which is an important cultural centre of the region. Lupeni is a mining town which has played a major role historically in the area, as it was the site of the Lupeni Strike of 1929 and of the Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977. Current situation.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Mining workforce and unemployment. Through mine closures, forced layoffs and voluntary severance, the number of actual miners in the Jiu Valley has decreased considerably. The mine closures were accompanied by large numbers of lay-offs of miners. It is estimated that in 1989 there were some 40,000-50,000 mine workers (including both actual underground miners and auxiliary workers).

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Approximately 25% of these total mine workers worked above ground. By 2012, only about 8,000 mine workers worked in the Jiu Valley, and by 2022 the number fell to less than 3,000. Although there were also few jobs elsewhere in Romania, by 2000 unemployment was rampant in the Jiu Valley.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
Much of the population is also uprooted and isolated, due to the fact that many of the workers were forcefully brought from other parts of the country during the communist regime. During the 1970s and 1980s, workers from pauper, rural counties from all over the country were brought in the Jiu Valley, which led to a heterogeneous population that made social networking difficult.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: jiu valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: Romania
coordinates: lat: 43.77805556
lon: 23.81333333
He was, however, elected Radcliffe Travelling Fellow on 4 December 1800, and spent the next three years in Germany, France, and Spain. In 1804, he visited Constantinople, Asia Minor, and Syria. The following year, he made his way from Aleppo to Persia, fell ill near the Caspian Sea, and was indebted perhaps for his life to the kindness of some Russian officers.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Caspian Sea
instance_of: Body of water
Lake
countries: Iran
Russia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Turkmenistan
Russian Empire
Soviet Union
coordinates: lat: 42
lon: 50.5
Cambridge, Ohio. Cambridge () is a city in Guernsey County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,089 at the 2020 census. It lies in the Appalachian Plateau of the Appalachian Mountains in southeastern Ohio. It is the principal city of the Cambridge micropolitan area and is located adjacent to the intersection of Interstates 70 and 77.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Appalachian Plateau
instance_of: Plateau
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 40
lon: -78
Caprichromis. &quot;Caprichromis&quot; is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. This genus contains noted paedophagous cichlids, specialising in the eating of eggs and fry of other cichlid species.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Malawi
instance_of: Lake
countries: Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania
coordinates: lat: -12.183333333333
lon: 34.366666666667
British Everest Expedition. 941a64sm3pw14fvemnjx38lkeie9" xml:space="preserve">The British Mount Everest Expedition can refer to one of three expeditions organised by the Mount Everest Committee or its successor the Joint Himalayan Committee with the aim of making the first ascent of Mount Everest.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Everest
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Nepal
People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 27.988055555555555
lon: 86.925
It has a population of 7,454 and is located 17 km south of Blagoevgrad. It is the seat of Simitli Municipality. Geography. The town is located in the Simitli Valley at the foothills of the Rila, Pirin, and Vlahina mountain ranges. Simitli is on both banks of the river Struma, at the confluence with its tributary the Gradevska reka.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Vlahina
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Bulgaria
North Macedonia
coordinates: lat: 41.856944444444
lon: 22.928888888889
1957 Pacoima mid-air collision. On January 31, 1957, a Douglas DC-7B operated by Douglas Aircraft Company was involved in a mid-air collision with a United States Air Force Northrop F-89 Scorpion and crashed into the schoolyard of Pacoima Junior High School located in Pacoima, a suburban area in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, California. Accident.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Fernando Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.155833333333334
lon: -118.28777777777778
Meanwhile, in Palmdale to the north, a pair of two-seater F-89J fighter jets took off at 10:50 a.m. on test flights, one that involved a check of their on-board radar equipment. Both jets and the DC-7B were performing their individual tests at an altitude of in clear skies over the San Fernando Valley when, at about 11:18 a.m., a high-speed, near-head-on midair collision occurred.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Fernando Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 34.155833333333334
lon: -118.28777777777778
Winnipeg Beach Provincial Park. Winnipeg Beach is a provincial park located on the west shore of Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, and a popular swimming and cottage destination that began mainly in the early 1900s with train access to the area from Winnipeg.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Winnipeg
instance_of: Lake
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 52.116666666667
lon: -97.25
The Deutscher Olymp was formed from an ice age moraine. On its summit is a 29-metre-high observation tower, from where there are views of the River Elbe and the North Sea. The hill known as the Deutscher Olymp (&quot;German Mount Olympus&quot;) was given this name in 1852 by an innkeeper, thus renaming the 61-metre-high Fahlenberg.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Olympus
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Greece
coordinates: lat: 40.083333333333336
lon: 22.35
surface_form: fahlenberg
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.7422
lon: 9.07611
surface_form: deutscher olymp
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.7422
lon: 9.07611
To the north may be seen the North Sea, the Elbe, the mouth of the Oste and the coast of Schleswig-Holstein with the Brunsbüttel nuclear power station and the large wind farm. From northeast to east the course of the Oste as far as Hemmoor can be seen, from southeast to south are the geest hills of the Westerberg and the Balksee lake.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: westerberg
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.6652
lon: 9.08544
surface_form: westerberg
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 51.9601
lon: 7.36569
Deutscher Olymp. The Deutscher Olymp is a 62-metre-high elevation on the Wingst ridge within the boundary of the homonymous municipality in the district of Cuxhaven in the German state of Lower Saxony. The Deutscher Olymp was formed from an ice age moraine. On its summit is a 29-metre-high observation tower, from where there are views of the River Elbe and the North Sea.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: deutscher olymp
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Germany
coordinates: lat: 53.7422
lon: 9.07611
Joseph. The river begins at an unnamed lake and flows north to Hill Lake. It turns southwest to Yam Lake, then flows northeast through Hooker Lake and Arc Lake to Miniss Lake, where it takes in the right tributary De Lesseps River. The river heads north, takes in the left tributary St. Raphael River, and reaches its mouth at Miniss Bay on Lake St.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: St. Raphael River
instance_of: Watercourse
countries: Canada
coordinates: lat: 50.9147
lon: -90.9136
Series E. The front side shows a portrait of Hideyo Noguchi, who in 1911 discovered the agent of syphilis as the cause of progressive paralytic disease. The reverse depicts Mount Fuji and cherry blossoms, adapted from a photograph by Koyo Okada. It was first issued on 1 November 2004. Extensive anti-counterfeiting measures are present in the newest banknotes.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Fuji
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Japan
coordinates: lat: 35.36055555555556
lon: 138.7275
Prince Moriyoshi. (1308 – August 12, 1335) was a Japanese prince and monk. He was the son of Emperor Go-Daigo and his consort Minamoto no Chikako. Moriyoshi was named by his father as the head abbot of the Enryaku-ji temple on Mount Hiei. Go-Daigo attempted to seize power in 1331 during the Genkō War. Prince Moriyoshi joined forces with Kusunoki Masashige.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Hiei
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Japan
coordinates: lat: 35.066666666667
lon: 135.83833333333
Go-Daigo attempted to seize power in 1331 during the Genkō War. Prince Moriyoshi joined forces with Kusunoki Masashige. Moriyoshi tenaciously defended Mount Yoshino. Masashige's heroics defending Chihaya, together with Moriyoshi's efforts to rally troops, brought a large number of warriors to the loyalist cause.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Mount Yoshino
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Japan
coordinates: lat: 34.356433333333
lon: 135.87061666667
The Republican-leaning district is the largest in California in terms of land area, comprising Tulare County, Kern County, and part of San Bernardino County. This is the southeastern San Joaquin Valley and much of Mojave Desert, including Ridgecrest, Taft, Tehachapi, Barstow, Tulare, Visalia, and four-fifths of Bakersfield.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: San Joaquin Valley
instance_of: Valley
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 36.628888888889
lon: -120.185
History. The first settlers, arrived in 1808. The town of Rushford was formed in 1816 from part of the town of Caneadea. Part of Rushford was taken to form the newer town of New Hudson in 1825. When Rushford Lake was formed by a dam on Caneadea Creek in 1927, the communities of East Rushford and Kelloggville were flooded by the rising water. Geography.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Rushford Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.3825
lon: -78.1928
It is located approximately northeast of the city of Everett. First ascended on August 23, 1946, its name originates from the first ascent party, because of &quot;the torture of a hot day with only one orange for quenching thirst.&quot; Since then, Mount Torment has gained popularity because of the &quot;Torment-Forbidden Traverse&quot; to neighboring Forbidden Peak, an exposed alpine route.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Forbidden Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.5115
lon: -121.058
surface_form: forbidden peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.5115
lon: -121.058
surface_form: mount torment
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.5118
lon: -121.077
Mount Torment. Mount Torment is a high peak in the North Cascades of Washington in the United States. It is located approximately northeast of the city of Everett.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: high peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 32.70166666666667
lon: -109.87138888888889
surface_form: washington
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 47.616666666667
lon: -122.26472222222
surface_form: high peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.1620334
lon: -74.0801381
surface_form: mount torment
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.5118
lon: -121.077
Mount Torment. Mount Torment is a high peak in the North Cascades of Washington in the United States. It is located approximately northeast of the city of Everett.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount torment
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.5118
lon: -121.077
The North Fork Cascade River rises in a basin below Mount Torment and flows several miles west to the Cascade River. Numerous waterfalls are found in this valley. Climate. Mount Torment is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: mount torment
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 48.5118
lon: -121.077
In 1847 Sprent was appointed first-class assistant surveyor. That year lieutenant-governor William Denison reestablished the trigonometrical survey, and Sprent and Calder continued surveying high points. Sprent began working in the previously unexplored south west Tasmania, becoming the first European to view Federation Peak, which he dubbed &quot;the Obelisk&quot;.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Federation Peak
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Australia
coordinates: lat: -43.271388888889
lon: 146.47555555556
The area is now divided between Tinn Municipality and Notodden Municipality. The administrative centre was the village of Hovin. The other main village in the municipality was Rudsgrendi on the opposite side of the lake Tinnsjå. Name. The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old &quot;Hovin&quot; farm () since the first Hovin Church was built there.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Tinnsjå
instance_of: Lake
countries: Norway
coordinates: lat: 59.9
lon: 8.9166666666667
Longburton. Longburton or Long Burton is a village in Dorset, England, three miles (5 km) south of Sherborne. It is sited on a narrow outcrop of Cornbrash limestone, at the western end of Blackmore Vale. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 470. History. Medieval records show that Longburton belonged to the See of Sarum.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Blackmore Vale
instance_of: Valley
countries: United Kingdom
coordinates: lat: 50.94
lon: -2.31
2000 metres above sea level, and consisted of &quot;two large platform mounds flanked by lesser constructions and a number of small structures on a nearby river terrace.&quot; Another notable example of the Kotosh Religious Tradition can be seen at La Galgada in the Callejón de Huaylas, modern Peru, which again consists of two platform mounds and several surrounding structures.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Callejón de Huaylas
instance_of: Valley
countries: Peru
coordinates: lat: -9.2666666666667
lon: -77.116666666667
Surrounding states are Wisconsin to the north, Iowa and Missouri to the west, Kentucky to the east and south, and Indiana to the east. Illinois also borders Michigan, but only via a northeastern water boundary in Lake Michigan. Nearly the entire western boundary of Illinois is the Mississippi River, except for a few areas where the river has changed course.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lake Michigan
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 44.007874
lon: -86.756451
The Illinois side includes Henry County, Mercer County, and Rock Island County. In extreme northwestern Illinois the Driftless Zone, a region of unglaciated and therefore higher and more rugged topography, occupies a small part of the state. Charles Mound, located in this region, is the state's highest elevation above sea level. Central Illinois.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Charles Mound
instance_of: Mountain
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 42.50416666666667
lon: -90.23972222222223
Allison soon sold his share to his partners so that he could pursue other interests. While leading Mountain Madness, Fischer became renowned for his ascents of the world's highest mountains without the use of supplemental oxygen. He and Wally Berg were the first Americans to summit Lhotse, the world's fourth highest mountain (27,940 feet / 8516 m), located next to Mount Everest.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: Lhotse
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Nepal
People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 27.961666666667
lon: 86.933333333333
surface_form: Mount Everest
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Nepal
People's Republic of China
coordinates: lat: 27.988055555555555
lon: 86.925
He and Wally Berg were the first Americans to summit Lhotse, the world's fourth highest mountain (27,940 feet / 8516 m), located next to Mount Everest. Fischer and Ed Viesturs were the first Americans to summit K2 (28,251 feet / 8611m), in the Karakoram of Pakistan, without supplemental oxygen.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: K2
instance_of: Mountain
countries: Pakistan
coordinates: lat: 35.881111111111
lon: 76.513333333333
String Lake Trail. The String Lake Trail is a long hiking trail in Grand Teton National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The trail circles String Lake and is also used to access the Paintbrush Canyon Trail and the Leigh Lake Trail. The String Lake trailhead is off the one-way road from North Jenny Lake Junction.

Geographic entities mentioned:
surface_form: String Lake
instance_of: Lake
countries: United States
coordinates: lat: 43.787777777778
lon: -110.73361111111