Package: tate_bilinear_pairing
IntroductionThis package is a Python library for calculating Tate bilinear pairing,
especially on super-singular elliptic curve $E:y^2=x^3-x+1$ in affine
coordinates defined over a Galois Field $GF(3^m)$. The largest order of
$G_1$ is 911 bits.This package is also for calculating the addition of two elements
in the elliptic curve group, and the addition of $k$ identical element
in the elliptic curve group.The code of this package for computing the Tate bilinear pairing follows
the paper by Beuchat et al [3]. The code of this package for computing
the elliptic curve group operation follows the paper by Kerins et al [2].This package is in PURE Python, working with Python 2.7 and 3.2.This package computes one Tate bilinear pairing within 3.26 seconds
@ Intel Core2 L7500 CPU (1.60GHz) if the order of $G_1$ is 151 bits.What is Tate bilinear pairingGenerally speaking, The Tate bilinear pairing algorithm is a transformation
that takes two points on an elliptic curve and outputs a nonzero element
in the extension field $GF(3^{6m})$. The state-of-the-art way of computing
the Tate bilinear pairing is eta pairing, introduced by Barreto et al [4].
For more information, please refer to [1,2,3,4].Usage 1: calculating Tate bilinear pairingSpecify the order of G1 is of 151 bits:>>> from tate_bilinear_pairing import eta
>>> eta.init(151)Given two random numbers like this:>>> import random
>>> a = random.randint(0,1000)
>>> b = random.randint(0,1000)Computing two elements $[inf1, x1, y1]$, and $[inf2, x2, y2]$ in
the elliptic curve group:>>> from tate_bilinear_pairing import ecc
>>> g = ecc.gen()
>>> inf1, x1, y1 = ecc.scalar_mult(a, g)
>>> inf2, x2, y2 = ecc.scalar_mult(b, g)Tate bilinear pairing is done via:>>> from tate_bilinear_pairing import eta
>>> t = eta.pairing(x1, y1, x2, y2)Usage 2: calculating the addition of two elements in the elliptic curve groupGiven two elements $p1=[inf1, x1, y1]$, and $p2=[inf2, x2, y2]$ in the
elliptic curve group, the addition is done via:>>> p1 = [inf1, x1, y1]
>>> p2 = [inf2, x2, y2]
>>> p3 = ecc.add(p1, p2)Usage 3: calculating the addition of $k$ identical elementsGiven a non-negative integer $k$ and an group element $p1=[inf1, x1, y1]$,
$k cdot p1$ is computed via:>>> k = random.randint(0,1000)
>>> p3 = ecc.scalar_mult(k, p1)References[1] I. Duursma, H.S. Lee.Tate pairing implementation for hyper-elliptic curves $y^2=x^p-x+d$.
Advances in Cryptology - Proc. ASIACRYPT ’03, pp. 111-123, 2003.[2] T. Kerins, W.P. Marnane, E.M. Popovici, and P.S.L.M. Barreto.Efficient hardware for the Tate pairing calculation in characteristic three.
Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems - Proc. CHES ’05, pp. 412-426, 2005.[3] J. Beuchat, N. Brisebarre, J. Detrey, E. Okamoto, M. Shirase, and T. Takagi.Algorithms and Arithmetic Operators for Computing the $eta_T$ Pairing in Characteristic Three.
IEEE Transactions on Computers, Special Section on Special-Purpose Hardware for Cryptography and Cryptanalysis, vol. 57 no. 11 pp. 1454-1468, 2008.[4] P.S.L.M. Barreto, S.D. Galbraith, C. O hEigeartaigh, and M. Scott,Efficient Pairing Computation on Supersingular Abelian Varieties.
Designs, Codes and Cryptography, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 239-271, Mar. 2007.