Package: temperusb
This is a rewrite of a userspace USB driver for TEMPer devices presenting
a USB ID like this:0c45:7401 MicrodiaMy device came fromM-Ware ID7747and also reports itself as 'RDing TEMPerV1.2'.Also provides a passpersist-module for NetSNMP (as found in thesnmpdpackages of Debian and Ubuntu) to present the temperature of 1-3 USB devices
via SNMP.Reported working devicesUSB IDName ReportedNotes0c45:7401 MicrodiaRDing TEMPerV1.2First supported device0c45:7401 Microdia TEMPer Temperature SensorRDing TEMPer2_M12_V1.3Two sensor device0c45:7401 MicrodiaRDing TEMPer1F_V1.3Single external sensor, but better precision is possible by using "sensor 2"0c45:7401 MicrodiaRDing TEMPerV1.40c45:7402 Microdia TEMPerHUM Temperature & Humidity SensorRDing TEMPer1F_H1_V1.4Single sensor which reports both temperature and relative-humidityRequirementsBasically,libusbbindings for python (PyUSB) andsnmp-passpersistfrom PyPI.Under Debian/Ubuntu, treat yourself to some package goodness:sudo apt-get install python-usb python-setuptools snmpd # The latter is only necessary for SNMP-usage.
sudo easy_install snmp-passpersistInstallation and usageTo install using pip, runpip install temperusbTo install from source, clone the repository, cd into its top-level directory, and runsudo python setup.py installyou should end up with two scripts conveniently installed:/usr/local/bin/temper-poll
/usr/local/bin/temper-snmpIf your system does not provide access as a normal user to the USB device, you need to run them as root. See "USB device permissions" section for more on this.temper-poll accepts -p option now, which adds the USB bus and port information each device is plugged on.without -p option$ temper-poll
Found 1 devices
Device #0: 22.5°C 72.5°Fwith -p option$ temper-poll -p
Found 1 devices
Device #0 (bus 1 - port 1.3): 22.4°C 72.3°FWhich tells you there is a USB hub plugged (internally or externally) on the port 1 of the bus 1 of the host, and your TEMPer device  is on the port 3 of that hub.Tell kernel to leave TEMPer aloneRegarding errors:usb.core.USBError: [Errno 16] Resource busyUnknown errorBy default, the Linux kernel claims (e.g. opens/uses) the TEMPer device as a keyboard (HID device).
When that happens, this script is not able to set the configuration and communicate with it.You will see one of those two errors when runningsudo temper-poll. Yourdmesglog will show something similar to this:usb 1-1.3: usbfs: interface 0 claimed by usbhid while 'temper-poll' sets config #1To prevent this, add this to the kernel command line:usbhid.quirks=0x0c45:0x7401:0x4On Raspbian, this will be/boot/cmdline.txt. Reboot after saving and retry. Hat tip to and more information fromAndiDog here.Serving via SNMPUsingNetSNMP, you can usetemper/snmp.pyas apass_persistmodule.
You can choose one of two OIDs to be emulated:APC's typicalinternal/battery temperature (.1.3.6.1.4.1.318.1.1.1.2.2.2.0) orCisco's typical temperature
OIDs(.1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13.1.3.1.3.1 - 3.3).Note that youshould not activate bothmodes at the same time.
The reason for this limitation is that the script will keep running for eachpass_persistentry and they will interfere with each other when updating the
temperature.
This typically leads to syslog entries like this:temper-python: Exception while updating data: could not release intf 1: Invalid argumentUSB device permissionsAt least on Debian Wheezy, the default USB device node has permissions to only allow
access for root. In the same case,snmpdis running as the usersnmpd. Bam. No access.
You might find a corresponding note in syslog.To solve that, the file99-tempsensor.rulesis a udev rule that allows access to the
specific USB devices (with matching VID/PID) by anyone. Install like this:sudo cp etc/99-tempsensor.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/Then restart.To check for success, find the bus and device IDs of the devices like this:pi@raspi-temper1 ~ $ lsusb | grep "0c45:7401"
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0c45:7401 Microdia 
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0c45:7401 Microdia 

pi@raspi-temper1 ~ $ ls -l /dev/usb*
crw------- 1 root root 189, 0 Jan  1  1970 /dev/usbdev1.1
crw------- 1 root root 189, 1 Jan  1  1970 /dev/usbdev1.2
crw------- 1 root root 189, 2 Jan  1  1970 /dev/usbdev1.3
crw-rw-rwT 1 root root 189, 3 Jan  1  1970 /dev/usbdev1.4
crw-rw-rwT 1 root root 189, 4 Jan  1  1970 /dev/usbdev1.5
pi@raspi-temper1 ~ $Note that/dev/usbdev1.4and/dev/usbdev1.5have permissions for read/write
for anyone, includingsnmp. This will work for the passpersist-module running
along withsnmpd.What to add to snmpd.confTo emulate an APC Battery/Internal temperature value, add something like this to snmpd.conf.
The highest of all measured temperatures in degrees Celsius as an integer is reported.pass_persist    .1.3.6.1.4.1.318.1.1.1.2.2.2 /usr/local/bin/temper-snmpAlternatively, emulate a Cisco device's temperature information with the following.
The first three detected devices will be reported as ..13.1.3.1.3.1, ..3.2 and ..3.3 .
The value is the temperature in degree Celsius as an integer.pass_persist    .1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13.1.3 /usr/local/bin/temper-snmpAdd--testmodeto the line (as an option tosnmp.pyto enable a mode where
APC reports 99°C and Cisco OIDs report 97, 98 and 99°C respectively. No actual devices
need to be installed butlibusband its Python bindings are still required.The path/usr/local/bin/is correct if the installation usingpython setup.py installdid install the scripts there. If you prefer not to install them, find and use thetemper/snmp.pyfile.Troubleshooting NetSNMP-interactionThe error reporting of NetSNMP is underwhelming to say the least.
Expect every error to fail silently without a chance to find the source.snmp.pyreports some simple information to syslog with an ident string
oftemper-pythonand a facility ofLOG_DAEMON. So this should give you the available debug information:sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog | grep temper-pythonTry stopping the snmpd daemon and starting it with logging to the console:sudo service snmpd stop
sudo snmpd -fIt willnotstart the passpersist-process forsnmp.pyimmediately
but on the first request for the activated OIDs. This also means that the
firstsnmpgetyou try may fail like this:iso.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13.1.3.1.3.2 = No Such Instance currently exists at this OIDTo test the reporting, try this (twice if it first reports No Such Instance):snmpget -c public -v 2c localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13.1.3.1.3.1 # Cisco #1
snmpget -c public -v 2c localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13.1.3.1.3.2 # Cisco #2
snmpget -c public -v 2c localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.13.1.3.1.3.3 # Cisco #3
snmpget -c public -v 2c localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.318.1.1.1.2.2.2.0 # APCWhen NetSNMP starts the instance (upon firstsnmpget), you should see something like this in syslog:Jan  6 16:01:51 raspi-temper1 temper-python: Found 2 thermometer devices.
Jan  6 16:01:51 raspi-temper1 temper-python: Initial temperature of device #0: 22.2 degree celsius
Jan  6 16:01:51 raspi-temper1 temper-python: Initial temperature of device #1: 10.9 degree celsiusIf you don't even see this, maybe the script has a problem and quits with an exception.
Try running it manually and mimik a passpersist-request (->means you should enter the rest of the line):-> sudo temper/snmp.py 
-> PING
<- PONG
-> get
-> .1.3.6.1.4.1.318.1.1.1.2.2.2.0
<- .1.3.6.1.4.1.318.1.1.1.2.2.2.0
<- INTEGER
<- 22.25If you have a problem with the USB side and want to test SNMP, run the script with--testmode.Using MQTTWhile temper-python does not directly support MQTT, it is fairly straightforeward to push the temperature values collected to a MQTT broker periodically, so they may be integrated in for example Home-Assistant.In the below example we will show how to push data to a Mosquitto MQTT broker using a small bash script and a CRON job. The setup was tested with temper-python installed on a RaspberryPi running Rasbian Buster and a Mosquitto MQTT broker installed as part of Home-Assistant.In this example we will publish one specific temperature value for one specific device, for example the temperatue in Celcius for device 0
To test this, type on your console:$ /usr/local/bin/temper-poll -c -s 0
1.9As you can see because of the "-c" option, temper-poll will present a single temperature value in degrees Celcius. To get degrees Farenheit, use option "-f"
The "-s 0" option makes sure temper-poll only looks at Device #0We now need to install the Mosquitto client on the device where you installed temper-python. This will provide the mosquitto_pub client which we will use to push towards the MQTT brokersudo apt-get install mosquitto-clientsTo start pushing a value to your MQTT broker, you also need to know the MQTT server IP adress and optionally a username and password.
A mosquitto_pub command looks something like this:/usr/bin/mosquitto_pub -h MQTT_IP -m "Some message" -t MQTT_TOPIC -u MQTT_USERNAME -P MQTT_PASSWORDIf you need more paramaters, have a look at the output ofmosquitto_pub --helpIf needed, use the "-d" option for mosquitto_pub, which will print debug output about the connection. A successful connection debug print should look like:pi@raspberrypi:~ $ /usr/bin/mosquitto_pub -h 10.0.0.* -m "foobar" -t home-assistant/temper_schuur/temperature -u ****** -P ****** -d
 Client mosqpub|2107-raspberryp sending CONNECT
 Client mosqpub|2107-raspberryp received CONNACK (0)
 Client mosqpub|2107-raspberryp sending PUBLISH (d0, q0, r0, m1, 'home-assistant/temper_schuur/temperature', ... (0 bytes))
 Client mosqpub|2107-raspberryp sending DISCONNECTWe will now combine the two using a small bash script called "temper-push-mqtt". First create the script, then make it executable.sudo touch /usr/local/bin/temper-push-mqtt
 sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/temper-push-mqtt
 sudo nano /usr/local/bin/temper-push-mqttThe script should contain:#! /bin/bash
 T=$(/usr/local/bin/temper-poll -c -s 0)
 /usr/bin/mosquitto_pub -h MQTT_IP -m "${T}" -t MQTT_TOPIC -u MQTT_USER -P MQTT_PASSWORDIf you need other parameters for temper-poll, replace them here. Also replace all MQTT_* values with proper values for you local setup.
If you are using Home-Assistant you should add a sensor to you setup by defining it in configuration.yaml:sensor:
   - platform: mqtt
     name: "Temperatuur Schuur"
     state_topic: "home-assistant/temper_schuur/temperature"
     unit_of_measurement: "°C"Make sure the state_topic value matches the MQTT_TOPIC value in the temper-push-mqtt scriptFinally, to make sure we get periodic data, we create a cron job to run the script every 5 minutessudo crontab -eTo start a new crontab, which should contain*/5 * * * *  /usr/local/bin/temper-push-mqtt  > /var/log/cron_temper-push-mqtt.log 2>&1The above cronjob will run the temper-push-mqtt script every 5 minutes and will log any issues to a logfile /var/log/cron_temper-push-mqtt.logNote on multiple device usageThe devices I have seen do not have any way to identify them. The serial number is 0.
There is no way (and this driver does not make any attempt) to present a persistent
ordering among the USB devices. The effective order is the one thatlibusbpresents.
That seems to be based on the enumeration order of the devices.That in turnseems to bebased primarily on the physical ordering in the root hub -> hub port hierarchy on bootup.
But if you unplug and replug the device (or it gets detached due to a glitch and is
redetected) then the order of the devices may be changed.If that happens, your temperature readings will change and you cannot say which device
belongs to what OID if you are using SNMP.Long story short: Only use the device order if the USB bus is stable and you reboot after
any plugging on the device. Even then, you are not safe. Sorry.Note by GM3DSince calibration parameters must be set per each device, we need some way to identify them physically. As mentioned above, the serial number for all TEMPer devices is zero, so there is no true way to tell which is which programmatically. The USB device number does not work either since it changes every time you reboot the machine or plug/unplug the device. The way that possibly can work is identifying them by the combination of the bus number and the USB port (possibly a chain of ports, if you have hubs in between), which is what I am doing for now.This information is basically the same with what you can get withlsusb -tand is based on the information in the sysfs directory/sys/bus/usb/devices(see below). So far I am assuming this scheme is persistent enough for regular use cases, but even the bus number may change in some cases like - for example - if your machine is a tablet like machine and you hotplug it to a keyboard dock with a USB root hub in it. In such case you will need to re-runlsusband adjust the bus-port numbers in the configuration file accordingly. At the moment I have no clue about SNMP OID persistence.Calibration parametersYou can have parameters in the configuration file/etc/temper.conffor each of your TEMPer device to calibrate its value with simple linear formula. If there is not this file on your machine it's fine, calibration is just skipped. The same if the program can't find a matching line with the actual device on the system.Format of calibration lines in/etc/temper.confis:n-m(.m)* : scale = a, offset = bwherenis the USB bus number andmis (possibly a chain of) the USB port(s)
which your TEMPer device is plugged on.aandbare some floating values decided by experiment, we will come back to this later, first let me describe how n and m can be decided for your device.You will need to uselsusbcommand in usbutils package to decidenandm. Uselsusbwith and without-toption.For example, assume the following outputs;$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 016: ID 0c45:7401 Microdia 
Bus 001 Device 015: ID 1a40:0101 TERMINUS TECHNOLOGY INC. USB-2.0 4-Port HUB
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

$ lsusb -t
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=orion-ehci/1p, 480M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=orion-ehci/1p, 480M
    |__ Port 4: Dev 15, If 0, Class=hub, Driver=hub/4p, 12M
        |__ Port 3: Dev 16, If 0, Class=HID, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
        |__ Port 3: Dev 16, If 1, Class=HID, Driver=usbhid, 1.5MFirst output tells you your TEMPer device (0c45:7401 Microdia) is on the bus 1 and has (just currently, it may change time to time, even if you don't move it around) device ID = 16.Now look at the second output. Looking at this tree, your TEMPer device (Dev 16) on the bus 01 is connected to your pc through two ports, port 4 and port 3.
Don't worry about two devices having the same Dev ID = 16, they both belong to a single TEMPer device (it uses two USB interfaces by default, which is normal).So in this example,n = 1andm = 4.3; thus the config file should be like1-4.3: scale = a, offset = bwithaandbreplaced with the actual values which you will need to measure and
calculate for your own TEMPer device. These values are used in the formulay = a * x + bwherey: calibrated temperature (in Celsius),x: raw temperature read from your TEMPer device (in Celsius).You will need to find appropriate values foraandbfor your TEMPer device by doing some experiment and basic math. Either comparing it with another thermometer which you can rely on or measuring two temperatures which you already know ... like iced water and boiling water, but make sure in the latter case that you seal your TEMPer device firmly in a plastic bag or something, since it is NOT waterproof!To find out bus and port numbers, you can also try running temper-poll with -p option, which will contain information in the form (bus 1 - port 4.3) in the above example. This might be actually easier than looking at thelsusboutputs, as long as it works.OriginsThe USB interaction pattern is extracted fromhereas seen onGoogle+.Compatibility with Python versionsThis should work on Python 3.7 and above. It was tested with Python 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12.AuthorsOriginal rewrite by Philipp Adeltautosort-github@philipp.adelt.netAdditional work by Brian ClineCalibration code by Joji Monma (@GM3D on Github)Munin plugin by Alexander Schier (@allo- on Github)PyPI package work and rewrite tolibusb1by James Stewart (@amorphic on Github)Reduced kernel messages, support multiple sensors, and support TEMPer1F_V1.3 by Philip Jay (@ps-jay on Github)Python 3 compatibility and rewrite of cli.py to use argparse by Will Furnass (@willfurnass on Github)TEMPerV1.4 support by Christian von Roques (@roques on Github)Pytest and architecture improvement by Dave Thompson (@davet2001 on Github).