Package: requests2
Requests is the onlyNon-GMOHTTP library for Python, safe for human
consumption.Warning:Recreational use of the Python standard library for HTTP may result in dangerous side-effects,
including: security vulnerabilities, verbose code, reinventing the wheel,
constantly reading documentation, depression, headaches, or even death.Behold, the power of Requests:>>>r=requests.get('https://api.github.com/user',auth=('user','pass'))>>>r.status_code200>>>r.headers['content-type']'application/json; charset=utf8'>>>r.encoding'utf-8'>>>r.textu'{"type":"User"...'>>>r.json(){u'disk_usage':368627,u'private_gists':484,...}Seethe similar code, sans Requests.Requests allows you to sendorganic, grass-fedHTTP/1.1 requests, without the
need for manual labor. There’s no need to manually add query strings to your
URLs, or to form-encode your POST data. Keep-alive and HTTP connection pooling
are 100% automatic, powered byurllib3,
which is embedded within Requests.Besides, all the cool kids are doing it. Requests is one of the most
downloaded Python packages of all time, pulling in over 11,000,000 downloads
every month. You don’t want to be left out!Feature SupportRequests is ready for today’s web.International Domains and URLsKeep-Alive & Connection PoolingSessions with Cookie PersistenceBrowser-style SSL VerificationBasic/Digest AuthenticationElegant Key/Value CookiesAutomatic DecompressionAutomatic Content DecodingUnicode Response BodiesMultipart File UploadsHTTP(S) Proxy SupportConnection TimeoutsStreaming Downloads.netrcSupportChunked RequestsRequests officially supports Python 2.6–2.7 & 3.3–3.7, and runs great on PyPy.InstallationTo install Requests, simply:$pipinstallrequests✨🍰✨Satisfaction, guaranteed.DocumentationFantastic documentation is available athttp://docs.python-requests.org/, for a limited time only.How to ContributeCheck for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug. There is aContributor Friendlytag for issues that should be ideal for people who are not very familiar with the codebase yet.Forkthe repositoryon GitHub to start making your changes to themasterbranch (or branch off of it).Write a test which shows that the bug was fixed or that the feature works as expected.Send a pull request and bug the maintainer until it gets merged and published. :) Make sure to add yourself toAUTHORS.Release History2.16.0 (2017-05-26)Unvendor ALL the things!2.15.1 (2017-05-26)Everyone makes mistakes.2.15.0 (2017-05-26)ImprovementsIntroduction of theResponse.nextproperty, for getting the nextPreparedResponsefrom a redirect chain (whenallow_redirects=False).Internal refactoring of__version__module.BugfixesRestored once-optional parameter forrequests.utils.get_environ_proxies().2.14.2 (2017-05-10)BugfixesChanged a less-than to an equal-to and an or in the dependency markers to
widen compatibility with older setuptools releases.2.14.1 (2017-05-09)BugfixesChanged the dependency markers to widen compatibility with older pip
releases.2.14.0 (2017-05-09)ImprovementsIt is now possible to passno_proxyas a key to theproxiesdictionary to provide handling similar to theNO_PROXYenvironment
variable.When users provide invalid paths to certificate bundle files or directories
Requests now raisesIOError, rather than failing at the time of the HTTPS
request with a fairly inscrutable certificate validation error.The behavior ofSessionRedirectMixinwas slightly altered.resolve_redirectswill now detect a redirect by callingget_redirect_target(response)instead of directly
queryingResponse.is_redirectandResponse.headers['location'].
Advanced users will be able to process malformed redirects more easily.Changed the internal calculation of elapsed request time to have higher
resolution on Windows.Addedwin_inet_ptonas conditional dependency for the[socks]extra
on Windows with Python 2.7.Changed the proxy bypass implementation on Windows: the proxy bypass
check doesn’t use forward and reverse DNS requests anymoreURLs with schemes that begin withhttpbut are nothttporhttpsno longer have their host parts forced to lowercase.BugfixesMuch improved handling of non-ASCIILocationheader values in redirects.
FewerUnicodeDecodeErrorsare encountered on Python 2, and Python 3 now
correctly understands that Latin-1 is unlikely to be the correct encoding.If an attempt toseekfile to find out its length fails, we now
appropriately handle that by aborting our content-length calculations.RestrictedHTTPDigestAuthto only respond to auth challenges made on 4XX
responses, rather than to all auth challenges.Fixed some code that was firingDeprecationWarningon Python 3.6.The dismayed person emoticon (/o\\) no longer has a big head. I’m sure
this is what you were all worrying about most.MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to v1.21.1.Updated bundled chardet to v3.0.2.Updated bundled idna to v2.5.Updated bundled certifi to 2017.4.17.2.13.0 (2017-01-24)FeaturesOnly load theidnalibrary when we’ve determined we need it. This will
save some memory for users.MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to 1.20.Updated bundled idna to 2.2.2.12.5 (2017-01-18)BugfixesFixed an issue with JSON encoding detection, specifically detecting
big-endian UTF-32 with BOM.2.12.4 (2016-12-14)BugfixesFixed regression from 2.12.2 where non-string types were rejected in the
basic auth parameters. While support for this behaviour has been readded,
the behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in the future.2.12.3 (2016-12-01)BugfixesFixed regression from v2.12.1 for URLs with schemes that begin with “http”.
These URLs have historically been processed as though they were HTTP-schemed
URLs, and so have had parameters added. This was removed in v2.12.2 in an
overzealous attempt to resolve problems with IDNA-encoding those URLs. This
change was reverted: the other fixes for IDNA-encoding have been judged to
be sufficient to return to the behaviour Requests had before v2.12.0.2.12.2 (2016-11-30)BugfixesFixed several issues with IDNA-encoding URLs that are technically invalid but
which are widely accepted. Requests will now attempt to IDNA-encode a URL if
it can but, if it fails, and the host contains only ASCII characters, it will
be passed through optimistically. This will allow users to opt-in to using
IDNA2003 themselves if they want to, and will also allow technically invalid
but still common hostnames.Fixed an issue where URLs with leading whitespace would raiseInvalidSchemaerrors.Fixed an issue where some URLs without the HTTP or HTTPS schemes would still
have HTTP URL preparation applied to them.Fixed an issue where Unicode strings could not be used in basic auth.Fixed an issue encountered by some Requests plugins where constructing a
Response object would causeResponse.contentto raise anAttributeError.2.12.1 (2016-11-16)BugfixesUpdated setuptools ‘security’ extra for the new PyOpenSSL backend in urllib3.MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to 1.19.1.2.12.0 (2016-11-15)ImprovementsUpdated support for internationalized domain names from IDNA2003 to IDNA2008.
This updated support is required for several forms of IDNs and is mandatory
for .de domains.Much improved heuristics for guessing content lengths: Requests will no
longer read an entireStringIOinto memory.Much improved logic for recalculatingContent-Lengthheaders forPreparedRequestobjects.Improved tolerance for file-like objects that have notellmethod but
do have aseekmethod.Anything that is a subclass ofMappingis now treated like a dictionary
by thedata=keyword argument.Requests now tolerates empty passwords in proxy credentials, rather than
stripping the credentials.If a request is made with a file-like object as the body and that request is
redirected with a 307 or 308 status code, Requests will now attempt to
rewind the body object so it can be replayed.BugfixesWhen callingresponse.close, the call toclosewill be propagated
through to non-urllib3 backends.Fixed issue where theALL_PROXYenvironment variable would be preferred
over scheme-specific variables likeHTTP_PROXY.Fixed issue where non-UTF8 reason phrases got severely mangled by falling
back to decoding using ISO 8859-1 instead.Fixed a bug where Requests would not correctly correlate cookies set when
using custom Host headers if those Host headers did not use the native
string type for the platform.MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to 1.19.Updated bundled certifi certs to 2016.09.26.2.11.1 (2016-08-17)BugfixesFixed a bug when usingiter_contentwithdecode_unicode=Truefor
streamed bodies would raiseAttributeError. This bug was introduced in
2.11.Strip Content-Type and Transfer-Encoding headers from the header block when
following a redirect that transforms the verb from POST/PUT to GET.2.11.0 (2016-08-08)ImprovementsAdded support for theALL_PROXYenvironment variable.Reject header values that contain leading whitespace or newline characters to
reduce risk of header smuggling.BugfixesFixed occasionalTypeErrorwhen attempting to decode a JSON response that
occurred in an error case. Now correctly returns aValueError.Requests would incorrectly ignore a non-CIDR IP address in theNO_PROXYenvironment variables: Requests now treats it as a specific IP.Fixed a bug when sending JSON data that could cause us to encounter obscure
OpenSSL errors in certain network conditions (yes, really).Added type checks to ensure thatiter_contentonly accepts integers andNonefor chunk sizes.Fixed issue where responses whose body had not been fully consumed would have
the underlying connection closed but not returned to the connection pool,
which could cause Requests to hang in situations where theHTTPAdapterhad been configured to use a blocking connection pool.MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to 1.16.Some previous releases accidentally accepted non-strings as acceptable header values. This release does not.2.10.0 (2016-04-29)New FeaturesSOCKS Proxy Support! (requires PySocks;$ pip install requests[socks])MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to 1.15.1.2.9.2 (2016-04-29)ImprovementsChange built-in CaseInsensitiveDict (used for headers) to use OrderedDict
as its underlying datastore.BugfixesDon’t use redirect_cache if allow_redirects=FalseWhen passed objects that throw exceptions fromtell(), send them via
chunked transfer encoding instead of failing.Raise a ProxyError for proxy related connection issues.2.9.1 (2015-12-21)BugfixesResolve regression introduced in 2.9.0 that made it impossible to send binary
strings as bodies in Python 3.Fixed errors when calculating cookie expiration dates in certain locales.MiscellaneousUpdated bundled urllib3 to 1.13.1.2.9.0 (2015-12-15)Minor Improvements(Backwards compatible)Theverifykeyword argument now supports being passed a path to a
directory of CA certificates, not just a single-file bundle.Warnings are now emitted when sending files opened in text mode.Added the 511 Network Authentication Required status code to the status code
registry.BugfixesFor file-like objects that are not seeked to the very beginning, we now
send the content length for the number of bytes we will actually read, rather
than the total size of the file, allowing partial file uploads.When uploading file-like objects, if they are empty or have no obvious
content length we setTransfer-Encoding:chunkedrather thanContent-Length:0.We correctly receive the response in buffered mode when uploading chunked
bodies.We now handle being passed a query string as a bytestring on Python 3, by
decoding it as UTF-8.Sessions are now closed in all cases (exceptional and not) when using the
functional API rather than leaking and waiting for the garbage collector to
clean them up.Correctly handle digest auth headers with a malformedqopdirective that
contains no token, by treating it the same as if noqopdirective was
provided at all.Minor performance improvements when removing specific cookies by name.MiscellaneousUpdated urllib3 to 1.13.2.8.1 (2015-10-13)BugfixesUpdate certificate bundle to matchcertifi2015.9.6.2’s weak certificate
bundle.Fix a bug in 2.8.0 where requests would raiseConnectTimeoutinstead ofConnectionErrorWhen using the PreparedRequest flow, requests will now correctly respect thejsonparameter. Broken in 2.8.0.When using the PreparedRequest flow, requests will now correctly handle a
Unicode-string method name on Python 2. Broken in 2.8.0.2.8.0 (2015-10-05)Minor Improvements(Backwards Compatible)Requests now supports per-host proxies. This allows theproxiesdictionary to have entries of the form{'<scheme>://<hostname>':'<proxy>'}. Host-specific proxies will be used
in preference to the previously-supported scheme-specific ones, but the
previous syntax will continue to work.Response.raise_for_statusnow prints the URL that failed as part of the
exception message.requests.utils.get_netrc_authnow takes anraise_errorskwarg,
defaulting toFalse. WhenTrue, errors parsing.netrcfiles cause
exceptions to be thrown.Change to bundled projects import logic to make it easier to unbundle
requests downstream.Changed the default User-Agent string to avoid leaking data on Linux: now
contains only the requests version.BugfixesThejsonparameter topost()and friends will now only be used if
neitherdatanorfilesare present, consistent with the
documentation.We now ignore empty fields in theNO_PROXYenvironment variable.Fixed problem wherehttplib.BadStatusLinewould get raised if combiningstream=Truewithcontextlib.closing.Prevented bugs where we would attempt to return the same connection back to
the connection pool twice when sending a Chunked body.Miscellaneous minor internal changes.Digest Auth support is now thread safe.UpdatesUpdated urllib3 to 1.12.2.7.0 (2015-05-03)This is the first release that follows our new release process. For more, seeour documentation.BugfixesUpdated urllib3 to 1.10.4, resolving several bugs involving chunked transfer
encoding and response framing.2.6.2 (2015-04-23)BugfixesFix regression where compressed data that was sent as chunked data was not
properly decompressed. (#2561)2.6.1 (2015-04-22)BugfixesRemove VendorAlias import machinery introduced in v2.5.2.Simplify the PreparedRequest.prepare API: We no longer require the user to
pass an empty list to the hooks keyword argument. (c.f. #2552)Resolve redirects now receives and forwards all of the original arguments to
the adapter. (#2503)Handle UnicodeDecodeErrors when trying to deal with a unicode URL that
cannot be encoded in ASCII. (#2540)Populate the parsed path of the URI field when performing Digest
Authentication. (#2426)Copy a PreparedRequest’s CookieJar more reliably when it is not an instance
of RequestsCookieJar. (#2527)2.6.0 (2015-03-14)BugfixesCVE-2015-2296: Fix handling of cookies on redirect. Previously a cookie
without a host value set would use the hostname for the redirected URL
exposing requests users to session fixation attacks and potentially cookie
stealing. This was disclosed privately by Matthew Daley ofBugFuzz. This affects all versions of requests from
v2.1.0 to v2.5.3 (inclusive on both ends).Fix error when requests is aninstall_requiresdependency andpython setup.py testis run. (#2462)Fix error when urllib3 is unbundled and requests continues to use the
vendored import location.Include fixes tourllib3’s header handling.Requests’ handling of unvendored dependencies is now more restrictive.Features and ImprovementsSupport bytearrays when passed as parameters in thefilesargument.
(#2468)Avoid data duplication when creating a request withstr,bytes, orbytearrayinput to thefilesargument.2.5.3 (2015-02-24)BugfixesRevert changes to our vendored certificate bundle. For more context see
(#2455, #2456, andhttp://bugs.python.org/issue23476)2.5.2 (2015-02-23)Features and ImprovementsAdd sha256 fingerprint support. (shazow/urllib3#540)Improve the performance of headers. (shazow/urllib3#544)BugfixesCopy pip’s import machinery. When downstream redistributors remove
requests.packages.urllib3 the import machinery will continue to let those
same symbols work. Example usage in requests’ documentation and 3rd-party
libraries relying on the vendored copies of urllib3 will work without having
to fallback to the system urllib3.Attempt to quote parts of the URL on redirect if unquoting and then quoting
fails. (#2356)Fix filename type check for multipart form-data uploads. (#2411)Properly handle the case where a server issuing digest authentication
challenges provides both auth and auth-int qop-values. (#2408)Fix a socket leak. (shazow/urllib3#549)Fix multipleSet-Cookieheaders properly. (shazow/urllib3#534)Disable the built-in hostname verification. (shazow/urllib3#526)Fix the behaviour of decoding an exhausted stream. (shazow/urllib3#535)SecurityPulled in an updatedcacert.pem.Drop RC4 from the default cipher list. (shazow/urllib3#551)2.5.1 (2014-12-23)Behavioural ChangesOnly catch HTTPErrors in raise_for_status (#2382)BugfixesHandle LocationParseError from urllib3 (#2344)Handle file-like object filenames that are not strings (#2379)Unbreak HTTPDigestAuth handler. Allow new nonces to be negotiated (#2389)2.5.0 (2014-12-01)ImprovementsAllow usage of urllib3’s Retry object with HTTPAdapters (#2216)Theiter_linesmethod on a response now accepts a delimiter with which
to split the content (#2295)Behavioural ChangesAdd deprecation warnings to functions in requests.utils that will be removed
in 3.0 (#2309)Sessions used by the functional API are always closed (#2326)Restrict requests to HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/1.0 (stop accepting HTTP/0.9) (#2323)BugfixesOnly parse the URL once (#2353)Allow Content-Length header to always be overridden (#2332)Properly handle files in HTTPDigestAuth (#2333)Cap redirect_cache size to prevent memory abuse (#2299)Fix HTTPDigestAuth handling of redirects after authenticating successfully
(#2253)Fix crash with custom method parameter to Session.request (#2317)Fix how Link headers are parsed using the regular expression library (#2271)DocumentationAdd more references for interlinking (#2348)Update CSS for theme (#2290)Update width of buttons and sidebar (#2289)Replace references of Gittip with Gratipay (#2282)Add link to changelog in sidebar (#2273)2.4.3 (2014-10-06)BugfixesUnicode URL improvements for Python 2.Re-order JSON param for backwards compat.Automatically defrag authentication schemes from host/pass URIs. (#2249)2.4.2 (2014-10-05)ImprovementsFINALLY! Add json parameter for uploads! (#2258)Support for bytestring URLs on Python 3.x (#2238)BugfixesAvoid getting stuck in a loop (#2244)Multiple calls to iter* fail with unhelpful error. (#2240,#2241)DocumentationCorrect redirection introduction (#2245)Added example of how to send multiple files in one request. (#2227)Clarify how to pass a custom set of CAs (#2248)2.4.1 (2014-09-09)Now has a “security” package extras set,$ pip install requests[security]Requests will now use Certifi if it is available.Capture and re-raise urllib3 ProtocolErrorBugfix for responses that attempt to redirect to themselves forever (wtf?).2.4.0 (2014-08-29)Behavioral ChangesConnection:keep-aliveheader is now sent automatically.ImprovementsSupport for connect timeouts! Timeout now accepts a tuple (connect, read) which is used to set individual connect and read timeouts.Allow copying of PreparedRequests without headers/cookies.Updated bundled urllib3 version.Refactored settings loading from environment – newSession.merge_environment_settings.Handle socket errors in iter_content.2.3.0 (2014-05-16)API ChangesNewResponsepropertyis_redirect, which is true when the
library could have processed this response as a redirection (whether
or not it actually did).Thetimeoutparameter now affects requests with bothstream=Trueandstream=Falseequally.The change in v2.0.0 to mandate explicit proxy schemes has been reverted.
Proxy schemes now default tohttp://.TheCaseInsensitiveDictused for HTTP headers now behaves like a normal
dictionary when references as string or viewed in the interpreter.BugfixesNo longer expose Authorization or Proxy-Authorization headers on redirect.
Fix CVE-2014-1829 and CVE-2014-1830 respectively.Authorization is re-evaluated each redirect.On redirect, pass url as native strings.Fall-back to autodetected encoding for JSON when Unicode detection fails.Headers set toNoneon theSessionare now correctly not sent.Correctly honordecode_unicodeeven if it wasn’t used earlier in the same
response.Stop advertisingcompressas a supported Content-Encoding.TheResponse.historyparameter is now always a list.Many, manyurllib3bugfixes.2.2.1 (2014-01-23)BugfixesFixes incorrect parsing of proxy credentials that contain a literal or encoded ‘#’ character.Assorted urllib3 fixes.2.2.0 (2014-01-09)API ChangesNew exception:ContentDecodingError. Raised instead ofurllib3DecodeErrorexceptions.BugfixesAvoid many many exceptions from the buggy implementation ofproxy_bypasson OS X in Python 2.6.Avoid crashing when attempting to get authentication credentials from ~/.netrc when running as a user without a home directory.Use the correct pool size for pools of connections to proxies.Fix iteration ofCookieJarobjects.Ensure that cookies are persisted over redirect.Switch back to using chardet, since it has merged with charade.2.1.0 (2013-12-05)Updated CA Bundle, of course.Cookies set on individual Requests through aSession(e.g. viaSession.get()) are no longer persisted to theSession.Clean up connections when we hit problems during chunked upload, rather than leaking them.Return connections to the pool when a chunked upload is successful, rather than leaking it.Match the HTTPbis recommendation for HTTP 301 redirects.Prevent hanging when using streaming uploads and Digest Auth when a 401 is received.Values of headers set by Requests are now always the native string type.Fix previously broken SNI support.Fix accessing HTTP proxies using proxy authentication.Unencode HTTP Basic usernames and passwords extracted from URLs.Support for IP address ranges for no_proxy environment variableParse headers correctly when users override the defaultHost:header.Avoid munging the URL in case of case-sensitive servers.Looser URL handling for non-HTTP/HTTPS urls.Accept unicode methods in Python 2.6 and 2.7.More resilient cookie handling.MakeResponseobjects pickleable.Actually added MD5-sess to Digest Auth instead of pretending to like last time.Updated internal urllib3.Fixed @Lukasa’s lack of taste.2.0.1 (2013-10-24)Updated included CA Bundle with new mistrusts and automated process for the futureAdded MD5-sess to Digest AuthAccept per-file headers in multipart file POST messages.Fixed: Don’t send the full URL on CONNECT messages.Fixed: Correctly lowercase a redirect scheme.Fixed: Cookies not persisted when set via functional API.Fixed: Translate urllib3 ProxyError into a requests ProxyError derived from ConnectionError.Updated internal urllib3 and chardet.2.0.0 (2013-09-24)API Changes:Keys in the Headers dictionary are now native strings on all Python versions,
i.e. bytestrings on Python 2, unicode on Python 3.Proxy URLs nowmusthave an explicit scheme. AMissingSchemaexception
will be raised if they don’t.Timeouts now apply to read time ifStream=False.RequestExceptionis now a subclass ofIOError, notRuntimeError.Added new method toPreparedRequestobjects:PreparedRequest.copy().Added new method toSessionobjects:Session.update_request(). This
method updates aRequestobject with the data (e.g. cookies) stored on
theSession.Added new method toSessionobjects:Session.prepare_request(). This
method updates and prepares aRequestobject, and returns the
correspondingPreparedRequestobject.Added new method toHTTPAdapterobjects:HTTPAdapter.proxy_headers().
This should not be called directly, but improves the subclass interface.httplib.IncompleteReadexceptions caused by incorrect chunked encoding
will now raise a RequestsChunkedEncodingErrorinstead.Invalid percent-escape sequences now cause a RequestsInvalidURLexception to be raised.HTTP 208 no longer uses reason phrase"im_used". Correctly uses"already_reported".HTTP 226 reason added ("im_used").Bugfixes:Vastly improved proxy support, including the CONNECT verb. Special thanks to
the many contributors who worked towards this improvement.Cookies are now properly managed when 401 authentication responses are
received.Chunked encoding fixes.Support for mixed case schemes.Better handling of streaming downloads.Retrieve environment proxies from more locations.Minor cookies fixes.Improved redirect behaviour.Improved streaming behaviour, particularly for compressed data.Miscellaneous small Python 3 text encoding bugs..netrcno longer overrides explicit auth.Cookies set by hooks are now correctly persisted on Sessions.Fix problem with cookies that specify port numbers in their host field.BytesIOcan be used to perform streaming uploads.More generous parsing of theno_proxyenvironment variable.Non-string objects can be passed in data values alongside files.1.2.3 (2013-05-25)Simple packaging fix1.2.2 (2013-05-23)Simple packaging fix1.2.1 (2013-05-20)301 and 302 redirects now change the verb to GET for all verbs, not just
POST, improving browser compatibility.Python 3.3.2 compatibilityAlways percent-encode location headersFix connection adapter matching to be most-specific firstnew argument to the default connection adapter for passing a block argumentprevent a KeyError when there’s no link headers1.2.0 (2013-03-31)Fixed cookies on sessions and on requestsSignificantly change how hooks are dispatched - hooks now receive all the
arguments specified by the user when making a request so hooks can make a
secondary request with the same parameters. This is especially necessary for
authentication handler authorscertifi support was removedFixed bug where using OAuth 1 with bodysignature_typesent no dataMajor proxy work thanks to @Lukasa including parsing of proxy authentication
from the proxy urlFix DigestAuth handling too many 401sUpdate vendored urllib3 to include SSL bug fixesAllow keyword arguments to be passed tojson.loads()via theResponse.json()methodDon’t sendContent-Lengthheader by default onGETorHEADrequestsAddelapsedattribute toResponseobjects to time how long a request
took.FixRequestsCookieJarSessions and Adapters are now picklable, i.e., can be used with the
multiprocessing libraryUpdate charade to version 1.0.3The change in how hooks are dispatched will likely cause a great deal of
issues.1.1.0 (2013-01-10)CHUNKED REQUESTSSupport for iterable response bodiesAssume servers persist redirect paramsAllow explicit content types to be specified for file dataMake merge_kwargs case-insensitive when looking up keys1.0.3 (2012-12-18)Fix file upload encoding bugFix cookie behavior1.0.2 (2012-12-17)Proxy fix for HTTPAdapter.1.0.1 (2012-12-17)Cert verification exception bug.Proxy fix for HTTPAdapter.1.0.0 (2012-12-17)Massive Refactor and SimplificationSwitch to Apache 2.0 licenseSwappable Connection AdaptersMountable Connection AdaptersMutable ProcessedRequest chain/s/prefetch/streamRemoval of all configurationStandard library loggingMake Response.json() callable, not property.Usage of new charade project, which provides python 2 and 3 simultaneous chardet.Removal of all hooks except ‘response’Removal of all authentication helpers (OAuth, Kerberos)This is not a backwards compatible change.0.14.2 (2012-10-27)Improved mime-compatible JSON handlingProxy fixesPath hack fixesCase-Insensitive Content-Encoding headersSupport for CJK parameters in form posts0.14.1 (2012-10-01)Python 3.3 CompatibilitySimply default accept-encodingBugfixes0.14.0 (2012-09-02)No more iter_content errors if already downloaded.0.13.9 (2012-08-25)Fix for OAuth + POSTsRemove exception eating from dispatch_hookGeneral bugfixes0.13.8 (2012-08-21)Incredible Link header support :)0.13.7 (2012-08-19)Support for (key, value) lists everywhere.Digest Authentication improvements.Ensure proxy exclusions work properly.Clearer UnicodeError exceptions.Automatic casting of URLs to strings (fURL and such)Bugfixes.0.13.6 (2012-08-06)Long awaited fix for hanging connections!0.13.5 (2012-07-27)Packaging fix0.13.4 (2012-07-27)GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication!App Engine 2.7 Fixes!Fix leaking connections (from urllib3 update)OAuthlib path hack fixOAuthlib URL parameters fix.0.13.3 (2012-07-12)Use simplejson if available.Do not hide SSLErrors behind Timeouts.Fixed param handling with urls containing fragments.Significantly improved information in User Agent.client certificates are ignored when verify=False0.13.2 (2012-06-28)Zero dependencies (once again)!New: Response.reasonSign querystring parameters in OAuth 1.0Client certificates no longer ignored when verify=FalseAdd openSUSE certificate support0.13.1 (2012-06-07)Allow passing a file or file-like object as data.Allow hooks to return responses that indicate errors.Fix Response.text and Response.json for body-less responses.0.13.0 (2012-05-29)Removal of Requests.async in favor ofgrequestsAllow disabling of cookie persistence.New implementation of safe_modecookies.get now supports default argumentSession cookies not saved when Session.request is called with return_response=FalseEnv: no_proxy support.RequestsCookieJar improvements.Various bug fixes.0.12.1 (2012-05-08)NewResponse.jsonproperty.Ability to add string file uploads.Fix out-of-range issue with iter_lines.Fix iter_content default size.Fix POST redirects containing files.0.12.0 (2012-05-02)EXPERIMENTAL OAUTH SUPPORT!Proper CookieJar-backed cookies interface with awesome dict-like interface.Speed fix for non-iterated content chunks.Movepre_requestto a more usable place.Newpre_sendhook.Lazily encode data, params, files.Load system Certificate Bundle ifcertifyisn’t available.Cleanups, fixes.0.11.2 (2012-04-22)Attempt to use the OS’s certificate bundle ifcertifiisn’t available.Infinite digest auth redirect fix.Multi-part file upload improvements.Fix decoding of invalid %encodings in URLs.If there is no content in a response don’t throw an error the second time that content is attempted to be read.Upload data on redirects.0.11.1 (2012-03-30)POST redirects now break RFC to do what browsers do: Follow up with a GET.Newstrict_modeconfiguration to disable new redirect behavior.0.11.0 (2012-03-14)Private SSL Certificate supportRemove select.poll from Gevent monkeypatchingRemove redundant generator for chunked transfer encodingFix: Response.ok raises Timeout Exception in safe_mode0.10.8 (2012-03-09)Generate chunked ValueError fixProxy configuration by environment variablesSimplification of iter_lines.Newtrust_envconfiguration for disabling system/environment hints.Suppress cookie errors.0.10.7 (2012-03-07)encode_uri= False0.10.6 (2012-02-25)Allow ‘=’ in cookies.0.10.5 (2012-02-25)Response body with 0 content-length fix.New async.imap.Don’t fail on netrc.0.10.4 (2012-02-20)Honor netrc.0.10.3 (2012-02-20)HEAD requests don’t follow redirects anymore.raise_for_status() doesn’t raise for 3xx anymore.Make Session objects picklable.ValueError for invalid schema URLs.0.10.2 (2012-01-15)Vastly improved URL quoting.Additional allowed cookie key values.Attempted fix for “Too many open files” ErrorReplace unicode errors on first pass, no need for second pass.Append ‘/’ to bare-domain urls before query insertion.Exceptions now inherit from RuntimeError.Binary uploads + auth fix.Bugfixes.0.10.1 (2012-01-23)PYTHON 3 SUPPORT!Dropped 2.5 Support. (Backwards Incompatible)0.10.0 (2012-01-21)Response.contentis now bytes-only. (Backwards Incompatible)NewResponse.textis unicode-only.If noResponse.encodingis specified andchardetis available,Response.textwill guess an encoding.Default to ISO-8859-1 (Western) encoding for “text” subtypes.Removal ofdecode_unicode. (Backwards Incompatible)New multiple-hooks system.NewResponse.register_hookfor registering hooks within the pipeline.Response.urlis now Unicode.0.9.3 (2012-01-18)SSL verify=False bugfix (apparent on windows machines).0.9.2 (2012-01-18)Asynchronous async.send method.Support for proper chunk streams with boundaries.session argument for Session classes.Print entire hook tracebacks, not just exception instance.Fix response.iter_lines from pending next line.Fix but in HTTP-digest auth w/ URI having query strings.Fix in Event Hooks section.Urllib3 update.0.9.1 (2012-01-06)danger_mode for automatic Response.raise_for_status()Response.iter_lines refactor0.9.0 (2011-12-28)verify ssl is default.0.8.9 (2011-12-28)Packaging fix.0.8.8 (2011-12-28)SSL CERT VERIFICATION!Release of Cerifi: Mozilla’s cert list.New ‘verify’ argument for SSL requests.Urllib3 update.0.8.7 (2011-12-24)iter_lines last-line truncation fixForce safe_mode for async requestsHandle safe_mode exceptions more consistentlyFix iteration on null responses in safe_mode0.8.6 (2011-12-18)Socket timeout fixes.Proxy Authorization support.0.8.5 (2011-12-14)Response.iter_lines!0.8.4 (2011-12-11)Prefetch bugfix.Added license to installed version.0.8.3 (2011-11-27)Converted auth system to use simpler callable objects.New session parameter to API methods.Display full URL while logging.0.8.2 (2011-11-19)New Unicode decoding system, based on over-ridableResponse.encoding.Proper URL slash-quote handling.Cookies with[,], and_allowed.0.8.1 (2011-11-15)URL Request path fixProxy fix.Timeouts fix.0.8.0 (2011-11-13)Keep-alive support!Complete removal of Urllib2Complete removal of PosterComplete removal of CookieJarsNew ConnectionError raisingSafe_mode for error catchingprefetch parameter for request methodsOPTION methodAsync pool size throttlingFile uploads send real namesVendored in urllib30.7.6 (2011-11-07)Digest authentication bugfix (attach query data to path)0.7.5 (2011-11-04)Response.content = None if there was an invalid response.Redirection auth handling.0.7.4 (2011-10-26)Session Hooks fix.0.7.3 (2011-10-23)Digest Auth fix.0.7.2 (2011-10-23)PATCH Fix.0.7.1 (2011-10-23)Move away from urllib2 authentication handling.Fully Remove AuthManager, AuthObject, &c.New tuple-based auth system with handler callbacks.0.7.0 (2011-10-22)Sessions are now the primary interface.Deprecated InvalidMethodException.PATCH fix.New config system (no more global settings).0.6.6 (2011-10-19)Session parameter bugfix (params merging).0.6.5 (2011-10-18)Offline (fast) test suite.Session dictionary argument merging.0.6.4 (2011-10-13)Automatic decoding of unicode, based on HTTP Headers.Newdecode_unicodesetting.Removal ofr.read/closemethods.Newr.fawinterface for advanced response usage.*Automatic expansion of parameterized headers.0.6.3 (2011-10-13)Beautifulrequests.asyncmodule, for making async requests w/ gevent.0.6.2 (2011-10-09)GET/HEAD obeys allow_redirects=False.0.6.1 (2011-08-20)Enhanced status codes experience\o/Set a maximum number of redirects (settings.max_redirects)Full Unicode URL supportSupport for protocol-less redirects.Allow for arbitrary request types.Bugfixes0.6.0 (2011-08-17)New callback hook systemNew persistent sessions object and context managerTransparent Dict-cookie handlingStatus code reference objectRemoved Response.cachedAdded Response.requestAll args are kwargsRelative redirect supportHTTPError handling improvementsImproved https testingBugfixes0.5.1 (2011-07-23)International Domain Name Support!Access headers without fetching entire body (read())Use lists as dicts for parametersAdd Forced Basic AuthenticationForced Basic is default authentication typepython-requests.orgdefault User-Agent headerCaseInsensitiveDict lower-case cachingResponse.history bugfix0.5.0 (2011-06-21)PATCH SupportSupport for ProxiesHTTPBin Test SuiteRedirect Fixessettings.verbose stream writingQuerystrings for all methodsURLErrors (Connection Refused, Timeout, Invalid URLs) are treated as explicitly raisedr.requests.get('hwe://blah');r.raise_for_status()0.4.1 (2011-05-22)Improved Redirection HandlingNew ‘allow_redirects’ param for following non-GET/HEAD RedirectsSettings module refactoring0.4.0 (2011-05-15)Response.history: list of redirected responsesCase-Insensitive Header Dictionaries!Unicode URLs0.3.4 (2011-05-14)Urllib2 HTTPAuthentication Recursion fix (Basic/Digest)Internal RefactorBytes data upload Bugfix0.3.3 (2011-05-12)Request timeoutsUnicode url-encoded dataSettings context manager and module0.3.2 (2011-04-15)Automatic Decompression of GZip Encoded ContentAutoAuth Support for Tupled HTTP Auth0.3.1 (2011-04-01)Cookie ChangesResponse.read()Poster fix0.3.0 (2011-02-25)Automatic Authentication API ChangeSmarter Query URL ParameterizationAllow file uploads and POST data togetherNew Authentication Manager SystemSimpler Basic HTTP SystemSupports all build-in urllib2 AuthsAllows for custom Auth Handlers0.2.4 (2011-02-19)Python 2.5 SupportPyPy-c v1.4 SupportAuto-Authentication testsImproved Request object constructor0.2.3 (2011-02-15)New HTTPHandling MethodsResponse.__nonzero__ (false if bad HTTP Status)Response.ok (True if expected HTTP Status)Response.error (Logged HTTPError if bad HTTP Status)Response.raise_for_status() (Raises stored HTTPError)0.2.2 (2011-02-14)Still handles request in the event of an HTTPError. (Issue #2)Eventlet and Gevent Monkeypatch support.Cookie Support (Issue #1)0.2.1 (2011-02-14)Added file attribute to POST and PUT requests for multipart-encode file uploads.Added Request.url attribute for context and redirects0.2.0 (2011-02-14)Birth!0.0.1 (2011-02-13)FrustrationConception