Package: requests_netdna
Requests is an ISC Licensed HTTP library, written in Python, for human
beings.Most existing Python modules for sending HTTP requests are extremely
verbose and cumbersome. Python’s builtin urllib2 module provides most of
the HTTP capabilities you should need, but the api is thoroughly broken.
It requires an enormous amount of work (even method overrides) to
perform the simplest of tasks.Things shouldn’t be this way. Not in Python.>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com', auth=('user', 'pass'))
>>> r.status_code
204
>>> r.headers['content-type']
'application/json'
>>> r.text
...Seethe same code, without Requests.Requests allow you to send HTTP/1.1 requests. You can add headers, form data,
multipart files, and parameters with simple Python dictionaries, and access the
response data in the same way. It’s powered by httplib andurllib3, but it does all the hard work and crazy
hacks for you.FeaturesInternational Domains and URLsKeep-Alive & Connection PoolingSessions with Cookie PersistenceBrowser-style SSL VerificationBasic/Digest AuthenticationElegant Key/Value CookiesAutomatic DecompressionUnicode Response BodiesMultipart File UploadsConnection TimeoutsThread-safetyInstallationTo install requests, simply:$ pip install requestsOr, if you absolutely must:$ easy_install requestsBut, you really shouldn’t do that.ContributeCheck for open issues or open a fresh issue to start a discussion around a feature idea or a bug. There is a Contributor Friendly tag for issues that should be ideal for people who are not very familiar with the codebase yet.Forkthe repositoryon Github to start making your changes to thedevelopbranch (or branch off of it).Write a test which shows that the bug was fixed or that the feature works as expected.Send a pull request and bug the maintainer until it gets merged and published. :) Make sure to add yourself toAUTHORS.History0.13.4 (2012-07-27)GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication!App Engine 2.7 Fixes!Fix leaking connections (from urllib3 update)OAuthlib path hack fixOAuthlib URL parameters fix.0.13.3 (2012-07-12)Use simplejson if available.Do not hide SSLErrors behind Timeouts.Fixed param handling with urls containing fragments.Significantly improved information in User Agent.client certificates are ignored when verify=False0.13.2 (2012-06-28)Zero dependencies (once again)!New: Response.reasonSign querystring parameters in OAuth 1.0Client certificates no longer ignored when verify=FalseAdd openSUSE certificate support0.13.1 (2012-06-07)Allow passing a file or file-like object as data.Allow hooks to return responses that indicate errors.Fix Response.text and Response.json for body-less responses.0.13.0 (2012-05-29)Removal of Requests.async in favor ofgrequestsAllow disabling of cookie persistiance.New implimentation of safe_modecookies.get now supports default argumentSession cookies not saved when Session.request is called with return_response=FalseEnv: no_proxy support.RequestsCookieJar improvements.Various bug fixes.0.12.1 (2012-05-08)NewResponse.jsonproperty.Ability to add string file uploads.Fix out-of-range issue with iter_lines.Fix iter_content default size.Fix POST redirects containing files.0.12.0 (2012-05-02)EXPERIMENTAL OAUTH SUPPORT!Proper CookieJar-backed cookies interface with awesome dict-like interface.Speed fix for non-iterated content chunks.Movepre_requestto a more usable place.Newpre_sendhook.Lazily encode data, params, files.Load system Certificate Bundle ifcertifyisn’t available.Cleanups, fixes.0.11.2 (2012-04-22)Attempt to use the OS’s certificate bundle ifcertifiisn’t available.Infinite digest auth redirect fix.Multi-part file upload improvements.Fix decoding of invalid %encodings in URLs.If there is no content in a response don’t throw an error the second time that content is attempted to be read.Upload data on redirects.0.11.1 (2012-03-30)POST redirects now break RFC to do what browsers do: Follow up with a GET.Newstrict_modeconfiguration to disable new redirect behavior.0.11.0 (2012-03-14)Private SSL Certificate supportRemove select.poll from Gevent monkeypatchingRemove redundant generator for chunked transfer encodingFix: Response.ok raises Timeout Exception in safe_mode0.10.8 (2012-03-09)Generate chunked ValueError fixProxy configuration by environment variablesSimplification of iter_lines.Newtrust_envconfiguration for disabling system/environment hints.Suppress cookie errors.0.10.7 (2012-03-07)encode_uri= False0.10.6 (2012-02-25)Allow ‘=’ in cookies.0.10.5 (2012-02-25)Response body with 0 content-length fix.New async.imap.Don’t fail on netrc.0.10.4 (2012-02-20)Honor netrc.0.10.3 (2012-02-20)HEAD requests don’t follow redirects anymore.raise_for_status() doesn’t raise for 3xx anymore.Make Session objects picklable.ValueError for invalid schema URLs.0.10.2 (2012-01-15)Vastly improved URL quoting.Additional allowed cookie key values.Attempted fix for “Too many open files” ErrorReplace unicode errors on first pass, no need for second pass.Append ‘/’ to bare-domain urls before query insertion.Exceptions now inherit from RuntimeError.Binary uploads + auth fix.Bugfixes.0.10.1 (2012-01-23)PYTHON 3 SUPPORT!Dropped 2.5 Support. (Backwards Incompatible)0.10.0 (2012-01-21)Response.contentis now bytes-only. (Backwards Incompatible)NewResponse.textis unicode-only.If noResponse.encodingis specified andchardetis available,Respoonse.textwill guess an encoding.Default to ISO-8859-1 (Western) encoding for “text” subtypes.Removal ofdecode_unicode. (Backwards Incompatible)New multiple-hooks system.NewResponse.register_hookfor registering hooks within the pipeline.Response.urlis now Unicode.0.9.3 (2012-01-18)SSL verify=False bugfix (apparent on windows machines).0.9.2 (2012-01-18)Asynchronous async.send method.Support for proper chunk streams with boundaries.session argument for Session classes.Print entire hook tracebacks, not just exception instance.Fix response.iter_lines from pending next line.Fix but in HTTP-digest auth w/ URI having query strings.Fix in Event Hooks section.Urllib3 update.0.9.1 (2012-01-06)danger_mode for automatic Response.raise_for_status()Response.iter_lines refactor0.9.0 (2011-12-28)verify ssl is default.0.8.9 (2011-12-28)Packaging fix.0.8.8 (2011-12-28)SSL CERT VERIFICATION!Release of Cerifi: Mozilla’s cert list.New ‘verify’ argument for SSL requests.Urllib3 update.0.8.7 (2011-12-24)iter_lines last-line truncation fixForce safe_mode for async requestsHandle safe_mode exceptions more consistentlyFix iteration on null responses in safe_mode0.8.6 (2011-12-18)Socket timeout fixes.Proxy Authorization support.0.8.5 (2011-12-14)Response.iter_lines!0.8.4 (2011-12-11)Prefetch bugfix.Added license to installed version.0.8.3 (2011-11-27)Converted auth system to use simpler callable objects.New session parameter to API methods.Display full URL while logging.0.8.2 (2011-11-19)New Unicode decoding system, based on over-ridableResponse.encoding.Proper URL slash-quote handling.Cookies with[,], and_allowed.0.8.1 (2011-11-15)URL Request path fixProxy fix.Timeouts fix.0.8.0 (2011-11-13)Keep-alive support!Complete removal of Urllib2Complete removal of PosterComplete removal of CookieJarsNew ConnectionError raisingSafe_mode for error catchingprefetch parameter for request methodsOPTION methodAsync pool size throttlingFile uploads send real namesVendored in urllib30.7.6 (2011-11-07)Digest authentication bugfix (attach query data to path)0.7.5 (2011-11-04)Response.content = None if there was an invalid repsonse.Redirection auth handling.0.7.4 (2011-10-26)Session Hooks fix.0.7.3 (2011-10-23)Digest Auth fix.0.7.2 (2011-10-23)PATCH Fix.0.7.1 (2011-10-23)Move away from urllib2 authentication handling.Fully Remove AuthManager, AuthObject, &c.New tuple-based auth system with handler callbacks.0.7.0 (2011-10-22)Sessions are now the primary interface.Deprecated InvalidMethodException.PATCH fix.New config system (no more global settings).0.6.6 (2011-10-19)Session parameter bugfix (params merging).0.6.5 (2011-10-18)Offline (fast) test suite.Session dictionary argument merging.0.6.4 (2011-10-13)Automatic decoding of unicode, based on HTTP Headers.Newdecode_unicodesetting.Removal ofr.read/closemethods.Newr.fawinterface for advanced response usage.*Automatic expansion of parameterized headers.0.6.3 (2011-10-13)Beautifulrequests.asyncmodule, for making async requests w/ gevent.0.6.2 (2011-10-09)GET/HEAD obeys allow_redirects=False.0.6.1 (2011-08-20)Enhanced status codes experience\o/Set a maximum number of redirects (settings.max_redirects)Full Unicode URL supportSupport for protocol-less redirects.Allow for arbitrary request types.Bugfixes0.6.0 (2011-08-17)New callback hook systemNew persistient sessions object and context managerTransparent Dict-cookie handlingStatus code reference objectRemoved Response.cachedAdded Response.requestAll args are kwargsRelative redirect supportHTTPError handling improvementsImproved https testingBugfixes0.5.1 (2011-07-23)International Domain Name Support!Access headers without fetching entire body (read())Use lists as dicts for parametersAdd Forced Basic AuthenticationForced Basic is default authentication typepython-requests.orgdefault User-Agent headerCaseInsensitiveDict lower-case cachingResponse.history bugfix0.5.0 (2011-06-21)PATCH SupportSupport for ProxiesHTTPBin Test SuiteRedirect Fixessettings.verbose stream writingQuerystrings for all methodsURLErrors (Connection Refused, Timeout, Invalid URLs) are treated as explicity raisedr.requests.get('hwe://blah');r.raise_for_status()0.4.1 (2011-05-22)Improved Redirection HandlingNew ‘allow_redirects’ param for following non-GET/HEAD RedirectsSettings module refactoring0.4.0 (2011-05-15)Response.history: list of redirected responsesCase-Insensitive Header Dictionaries!Unicode URLs0.3.4 (2011-05-14)Urllib2 HTTPAuthentication Recursion fix (Basic/Digest)Internal RefactorBytes data upload Bugfix0.3.3 (2011-05-12)Request timeoutsUnicode url-encoded dataSettings context manager and module0.3.2 (2011-04-15)Automatic Decompression of GZip Encoded ContentAutoAuth Support for Tupled HTTP Auth0.3.1 (2011-04-01)Cookie ChangesResponse.read()Poster fix0.3.0 (2011-02-25)Automatic Authentication API ChangeSmarter Query URL ParameterizationAllow file uploads and POST data togetherNew Authentication Manager SystemSimpler Basic HTTP SystemSupports all build-in urllib2 AuthsAllows for custom Auth Handlers0.2.4 (2011-02-19)Python 2.5 SupportPyPy-c v1.4 SupportAuto-Authentication testsImproved Request object constructor0.2.3 (2011-02-15)New HTTPHandling MethodsReponse.__nonzero__ (false if bad HTTP Status)Response.ok (True if expected HTTP Status)Response.error (Logged HTTPError if bad HTTP Status)Reponse.raise_for_status() (Raises stored HTTPError)0.2.2 (2011-02-14)Still handles request in the event of an HTTPError. (Issue #2)Eventlet and Gevent Monkeypatch support.Cookie Support (Issue #1)0.2.1 (2011-02-14)Added file attribute to POST and PUT requests for multipart-encode file uploads.Added Request.url attribute for context and redirects0.2.0 (2011-02-14)Birth!0.0.1 (2011-02-13)FrustrationConception