Package: img2pdf
img2pdfLossless conversion of raster images to PDF. You should use img2pdf if your
priorities are (in this order):always lossless: the image embedded in the PDF will always have the
exact same color information for every pixel as the inputsmall: if possible, the difference in filesize between the input image
and the output PDF will only be the overhead of the PDF container itselffast: if possible, the input image is just pasted into the PDF document
as-is without any CPU hungry re-encoding of the pixel dataConventional conversion software (like ImageMagick) would either:not be lossless because lossy re-encoding to JPEGnot be small because using wasteful flate encoding of raw pixel datanot be fast because input data gets re-encodedAnother advantage of not having to re-encode the input (in most common
situations) is, that img2pdf is able to handle much larger input than other
software, because the raw pixel data never has to be loaded into memory.The following table shows how img2pdf handles different input depending on the
input file format and image color space.FormatColorspaceResultJPEGanydirectJPEG2000anydirectPNG (non-interlaced, no transparency)anydirectTIFF (CCITT Group 4)monochromedirectanyany except CMYK and monochromePNG PaethanymonochromeCCITT Group 4anyCMYKflateFor JPEG, JPEG2000, non-interlaced PNG and TIFF images with CCITT Group 4
encoded data, img2pdf directly embeds the image data into the PDF without
re-encoding it. It thus treats the PDF format merely as a container format for
the image data. In these cases, img2pdf only increases the filesize by the size
of the PDF container (typically around 500 to 700 bytes). Since data is only
copied and not re-encoded, img2pdf is also typically faster than other
solutions for these input formats.For all other input types, img2pdf first has to transform the pixel data to
make it compatible with PDF. In most cases, the PNG Paeth filter is applied to
the pixel data. For monochrome input, CCITT Group 4 is used instead. Only for
CMYK input no filter is applied before finally applying flate compression.UsageThe images must be provided as files because img2pdf needs to seek in the file
descriptor.If no output file is specified with the-o/--outputoption, output will be
done to stdout. A typical invocation is:$ img2pdf img1.png img2.jpg -o out.pdfThe detailed documentation can be accessed by running:$ img2pdf --helpBugsIf you find a JPEG, JPEG2000, PNG or CCITT Group 4 encoded TIFF file that,
when embedded into the PDF cannot be read by the Adobe Acrobat Reader,
please contact me.An error is produced if the input image is broken. This commonly happens if
the input image has an invalid EXIF Orientation value of zero. Even though
only nine different values from 1 to 9 are permitted, Anroid phones and
Canon DSLR cameras produce JPEG images with the invalid value of zero.
Either fix your input images withexiftoolor similar software before
passing the JPEG toimg2pdfor runimg2pdfwith--rotation=ifvalid(if you run img2pdf from the commandline) or by passingrotation=img2pdf.Rotation.ifvalidas an argument toconvert()when using
img2pdf as a library.img2pdf uses PIL (or Pillow) to obtain image meta data and to convert the
input if necessary. To prevent decompression bomb denial of service attacks,
Pillow limits the maximum number of pixels an input image is allowed to
have. If you are sure that you know what you are doing, then you can disable
this safeguard by passing the--pillow-limit-breakoption to img2pdf. This
allows one to process even very large input images.InstallationOn a Debian- and Ubuntu-based systems, img2pdf can be installed from the
official repositories:$ apt install img2pdfIf you want to install it using pip, you can run:$ pip3 install img2pdfIf you prefer to install from source code use:$ cd img2pdf/
$ pip3 install .To test the console script without installing the package on your system,
use virtualenv:$ cd img2pdf/
$ virtualenv ve
$ ve/bin/pip3 install .You can then test the converter using:$ ve/bin/img2pdf -o test.pdf src/tests/test.jpgIf you don't want to setup Python on Windows, then head to thereleasessection and download the latestimg2pdf.exe.GUIThere exists an experimental GUI with all settings currently disabled. You can
directly convert images to PDF but you cannot set any options via the GUI yet.
If you are interested in adding more features to the PDF, please submit a merge
request. The GUI is based on tkinter and works on Linux, Windows and MacOS.LibraryThe package can also be used as a library:import img2pdf

# opening from filename
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert('test.jpg'))

# opening from file handle
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f1, open("test.jpg") as f2:
	f1.write(img2pdf.convert(f2))

# opening using pathlib
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert(pathlib.Path('test.jpg')))

# using in-memory image data
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert("\x89PNG...")

# multiple inputs (variant 1)
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert("test1.jpg", "test2.png"))

# multiple inputs (variant 2)
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert(["test1.jpg", "test2.png"]))

# convert all files ending in .jpg inside a directory
dirname = "/path/to/images"
imgs = []
for fname in os.listdir(dirname):
	if not fname.endswith(".jpg"):
		continue
	path = os.path.join(dirname, fname)
	if os.path.isdir(path):
		continue
	imgs.append(path)
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert(imgs))

# convert all files ending in .jpg in a directory and its subdirectories
dirname = "/path/to/images"
imgs = []
for r, _, f in os.walk(dirname):
	for fname in f:
		if not fname.endswith(".jpg"):
			continue
		imgs.append(os.path.join(r, fname))
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert(imgs))


# convert all files matching a glob
import glob
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert(glob.glob("/path/to/*.jpg")))

# convert all files matching a glob using pathlib.Path
from pathlib import Path
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert(*Path("/path").glob("**/*.jpg")))

# ignore invalid rotation values in the input images
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert('test.jpg'), rotation=img2pdf.Rotation.ifvalid)

# writing to file descriptor
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f1, open("test.jpg") as f2:
	img2pdf.convert(f2, outputstream=f1)

# specify paper size (A4)
a4inpt = (img2pdf.mm_to_pt(210),img2pdf.mm_to_pt(297))
layout_fun = img2pdf.get_layout_fun(a4inpt)
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert('test.jpg', layout_fun=layout_fun))

# use a fixed dpi of 300 instead of reading it from the image
dpix = dpiy = 300
layout_fun = img2pdf.get_fixed_dpi_layout_fun((dpix, dpiy))
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert('test.jpg', layout_fun=layout_fun))

# create a PDF/A-1b compliant document by passing an ICC profile
with open("name.pdf","wb") as f:
	f.write(img2pdf.convert('test.jpg', pdfa="/usr/share/color/icc/sRGB.icc"))Comparison to ImageMagickCreate a large test image:$ convert logo: -resize 8000x original.jpgConvert it into PDF using ImageMagick and img2pdf:$ time img2pdf original.jpg -o img2pdf.pdf
$ time convert original.jpg imagemagick.pdfNotice how ImageMagick took an order of magnitude longer to do the conversion
than img2pdf. It also used twice the memory.Now extract the image data from both PDF documents and compare it to the
original:$ pdfimages -all img2pdf.pdf tmp
$ compare -metric AE original.jpg tmp-000.jpg null:
0
$ pdfimages -all imagemagick.pdf tmp
$ compare -metric AE original.jpg tmp-000.jpg null:
118716To get lossless output with ImageMagick we can use Zip compression but that
unnecessarily increases the size of the output:$ convert original.jpg -compress Zip imagemagick.pdf
$ pdfimages -all imagemagick.pdf tmp
$ compare -metric AE original.jpg tmp-000.png null:
0
$ stat --format="%s %n" original.jpg img2pdf.pdf imagemagick.pdf
1535837 original.jpg
1536683 img2pdf.pdf
9397809 imagemagick.pdfComparison to pdfLaTeXpdfLaTeX performs a lossless conversion from included images to PDF by default.
If the input is a JPEG, then it simply embeds the JPEG into the PDF in the same
way as img2pdf does it. But for other image formats it uses flate compression
of the plain pixel data and thus needlessly increases the output file size:$ convert logo: -resize 8000x original.png
$ cat << END > pdflatex.tex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}
\includegraphics{original.png}
\end{document}
END
$ pdflatex pdflatex.tex
$ stat --format="%s %n" original.png pdflatex.pdf
4500182 original.png
9318120 pdflatex.pdfComparison to podofoimg2pdfLike pdfLaTeX, podofoimg2pdf is able to perform a lossless conversion from JPEG
to PDF by plainly embedding the JPEG data into the pdf container. But just like
pdfLaTeX it uses flate compression for all other file formats, thus sometimes
resulting in larger files than necessary.$ convert logo: -resize 8000x original.png
$ podofoimg2pdf out.pdf original.png
stat --format="%s %n" original.png out.pdf
4500181 original.png
9335629 out.pdfIt also only supports JPEG, PNG and TIF as input and lacks many of the
convenience features of img2pdf like page sizes, borders, rotation and
metadata.Comparison to Tesseract OCRTesseract OCR comes closest to the functionality img2pdf provides. It is able
to convert JPEG and PNG input to PDF without needlessly increasing the filesize
and is at the same time lossless. So if your input is JPEG and PNG images, then
you should safely be able to use Tesseract instead of img2pdf. For other input,
Tesseract might not do a lossless conversion. For example it converts CMYK
input to RGB and removes the alpha channel from images with transparency. For
multipage TIFF or animated GIF, it will only convert the first frame.Comparison to econvert from ExactImageLike pdflatex and podofoimg2pf, econvert is able to embed JPEG images into PDF
directly without re-encoding but when given other file formats, it stores them
just using flate compressen, which unnecessarily increases the filesize.
Furthermore, it throws an error with CMYK TIF input. It also doesn't store CMYK
jpeg files as CMYK but converts them to RGB, so it's not lossless. When trying
to feed it 16bit files, it errors out with Unhandled bps/spp combination. It
also seems to choose JPEG encoding when using it on some file types (like
palette images) making it again not lossless for that input as well.