Package: easy-pytools
Python toolsSimple toolset with Python type hints made to deserve my needs on some Python projects.Both Python anc C++ implementations are in plans:Any Python implementation is cross-platform but achieves less average performance goalsC++ implementations are currently supported only for Linux and provided in this repository in two ways:Prebuilt .so files, so in average case you can just "git clone" and use Cxx-implemented classes in Python projectSource code(try your luck and build it for Windows)Have fun!If you find this code useful, I will be glad if you use it in your GPL3-compatible licensed project."Why GPL-3. Author, are you too proud?"Nope. It's just that I'm fighting for free software, and any possibility that someone else is using my code on a project that people, myself included, will have to pay for is unacceptable.
My code is neither perfect nor revolutionary. But the world is crazy, you knowAny help and criticism is greatly appreciated.InstallationLatest version is available on PyPi:pip install easy-pytoolsRoadmapSQL shit (Oh God. PYTHON ONLY)see docsBasic Table operationsSingle table CREATESingle PRIMARY KEYForeign KeysMultiple-field PRIMARY KEYSingle table INSERTSingle table SELECTSingle table UPDATESingle table DELETEGROUP BY expressionsBasic Table compositionsAutomatical INNER JOIN on foreign keysCartesian productSELECT from table compositionTreat Composition as TableAdvanced Table operationsWHERE selectionOrderingAggregate functionsHAVING section with auto-detection inside WHERETable UNIONAltering tableAdd constraints to tableViewsOther SQL shitConvert JSON-like data mappings to DBase, Table etcConvert DBase, Table to data mappingsPseudo structuresStack(C++)Queue(C++)Prioritized QueuePythonC++Basic data structuressee docsPlainLinkedListPythonC++LinkedList with O(1) index access(C++)TreesTree of arbitrary objectsPythonC++Binary tree with post-insertion balancePythonC++Prefix tree for sequential searchPythonC++Red-black treePythonC++AVL treePythonC++B+ treePythonC++GraphsGraph(Python)Oriented graph(Python)Network with flows(Python)Class and object enhancementsDataTransferObject class decorator(Python)see docsRequirementsPython implementations require the following:Python >= 3.10 < 4.0C++ implementations require the following to be built:Cmake >= 3.20PythonLibs >= 3.10Boost with Python packageSQL shitDatabase, Table and Query wrapper for SQLite with syntax inspired by Numpy.MotivationAlso known as "Why am I going to use your shit instead of SQL shit?"Just compare theese two equal operations:SQL shitSELECTUsers.name,Cars.model,Vendors.countryFROM(((UsersINNERJOINUser_CarONUsers.id=User_Car.user_id)INNERJOINCarsONCars.reg=User_Car.car_reg)INNERJOINVendorsONVendors.id=Cars.vendor_id)WHERE(((Vendors.country="Russia")OR(Vendors.country="US")));My sql shit(users&user_car&cars&vendors)['name','model','country']==((),(),("Russia","US"))# or with equal method-powered syntax:users.INNER(user_car).INNER(cars).INNER(vendors).SELECT(['name','model','country']).WHERE_EQ(((),(),("Russia","US")))Quick Start1. Find or create your SQLite dababase filefromeasy_pytools.sqlimportDBaseyour_base=DBase("tests/sql_test.sql")2. Get existing tables namesyour_base.tables3. Create new tablecreate table schemaLet us imagine that there is already Vendors table with primary key 'id'schema={"id":"integer primary key autoincrement","name":"varchar(20)","vendor_id":"integer","foreign key(vendor_id)":"references Vendors(id)"}create new tableprinters=your_base.new_table("Printers",schema)Now the 'printers' variable references to 'Table' object that provides all the SQL shit for the 'Printers' table of database.printersTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql>4. Get existing table from basevendors=your_base.table("Vendors")Now the 'vendors' variable references to 'Table' object that provides all the SQL shit for the 'Vendors' table of database.vendorsTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>5. Get information about tableprinters.fields{'Printers.id':Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Printers.name':Field<1,name,varchar(20)ofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Printers.vendor_id':Field<2,vendor_id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>}printers.foreign_keys{'Printers.vendor_id':TableFK<Field<2,vendor_id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>->Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>>}printers.foreign_tables{Table<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>}6. Add rows to tableprinters<<{"name":"Canon L100","vendor_id":1}printers<<{"name":"Canon L200","vendor_id":1}# or use instant method call:printers.INSERT({"name":"Canon L200","vendor_id":1})Foreign Key constraints checked as long as Python sqlite3 checks them.Also, if your table has no Primary Keys with Autoincrement, you can add rows as tuples:table<<(10,"Hello",20)In that case values order must match fields order of table.7. Select from tableprinters[:]()[(1,'Canon L100',1),(2,'Canon L200',1)]printers['name']()# or use instant method call:printers.SELECT(['name'])()[('Canon L100',)('Canon L200',)]7.1. OrderingYou can order selected rows by fields with following syntax:printers[:]/('name',)# or with instant method call:printers[:].ORDERBY(('name',))7.2. GroupingYou can group selected rows by fields with following syntaxLprinters[:]%('country',)# or with instant method call:printers[:].GROUPBY(('country',))8. Table compositioningAny table composition result is 'Table' object with some restrictions.So you can, f.ex.,  select from table composition just as from real table.Cartesian productprinters_vendors=printers*vendors# or with instant method call:printers_vendors=printers.AND(vendors)printers_vendorsTable<Printers_x_Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Composition>printers_vendors[:]()[(1,'Canon L100',1,1,'Tayouta','Japan'),(1,'Canon L100',1,2,'Lada','Russia'),(1,'Canon L100',1,3,'KAMAZ','Russia'),(2,'Canon L200',1,1,'Tayouta','Japan'),(2,'Canon L200',1,2,'Lada','Russia'),(2,'Canon L200',1,3,'KAMAZ','Russia')]JOIN tablesJoining tables may be done two ways:automatical join on foreign key with cute syntaxjoin on any keys equalities with methodINNER JOIN# Foreign key to composite tables will be automatically detected# Otherwise exception will be thrown:printers_vendors=printers&vendors# or use instant method call:printers_vendors=printers.INNER(vendors)# ...you can even manually specify keys to join table:printers_vendors=printers.join(vendors,'INNER',printers.f_vendor_id,vendors.f_id)printers_vendorsTable<Printers_INNER_Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Composition>printers_vendors.fields{'Printers.id':Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Printers.name':Field<1,name,varchar(20)ofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Printers.vendor_id':Field<2,vendor_id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Vendors.id':Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Vendors.name':Field<1,name,varchar(20)ofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Vendors.country':Field<2,country,varchar(20)ofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>}printers_vendors[:]()[(1,'Canon L100',1,1,'Tayouta','Japan'),(2,'Canon L200',1,1,'Tayouta','Japan')]LEFT JOIN# Foreign key to composite tables will be automatically detected# Otherwise exception will be thrown:printers_vendors=vendors-printers# or use instant method call:printers_vendors=printers.LEFT(vendors)# ...or you can manually specify keys to join table:printers_vendors=vendors.join(printers,'LEFT',printers.f_id,printers.f_vendor_id)printers_vendorsTable<Printers_LEFT_Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Composition>printers_vendors.fields{'Printers.id':Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Printers.name':Field<1,name,varchar(20)ofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Printers.vendor_id':Field<2,vendor_id,INTEGERofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Vendors.id':Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Vendors.name':Field<1,name,varchar(20)ofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>,'Vendors.country':Field<2,country,varchar(20)ofTable<Vendorsoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>}printers_vendors[:]()[(1,'Canon L100',1,1,'Tayouta','Japan'),(2,'Canon L200',1,1,'Tayouta','Japan'),(None,None,None,2,'Lada','Russia'),(None,None,None,3,'KAMAZ','Russia')]FULL OUTER JOINIs supported by my lib, but not supported by Python sqlite3.
When Python's sqlite3 achieves this support, my lib will work out-of-the-box with that.printers_vendors=printers^vendorsprinters_vendors=printers.FULL(vendors)9. Field accessYou can access fields from tables. It is useful, f.ex, if you want to usejoinmethod, which requires TableField object as ref, not string field name.Any field within table can be accessed as TableField reference with that syntax:table.f_<field_name>F.ex:printers.f_nameField<1,name,varchar(20)ofTable<Printersoftests/sql_test.sql,Real>>If your field name is, f.ex, "f_count", access it this way:table.f_f_count10. Selection coditionsThere are two ways to combine and specify selection conditions:ANDcombination of conditions is alistof conditions;ORcombinations is atupleof conditions;To limit rows with field value, you have to specify conditions for all fields mentioned in selection.Empty tuple means no limitation ob field.There are several condition types:Greater -- ">" operator (or WHERE_GT method)Equals -- "==" operator (or WHERE_EQ method)Lesser -- "<" operator (or WHERE_LT metho)To limit selection, use one of theese operators with selection on left and limitation on right:# Selection with 'country' from vendors without limitations:vendors['country']# Selection with 'country' and value limitationsvendors['country']==("Russia",)vendors['country'].WHERE_EQ(("Russia",))# or even such:vendors.SELECT(['country']).WHERE_EQ(("Russia",))# Select country, id from vendors where country = "Russia" or id = 2:vendors['country','id']==("Russia",2)vendors['country','id'].WHERE_EQ(("Russia",2))# Select country, id from vendors where country = "Russia" and id = 2:vendors['country','id']==['Russia',2]vendors['country','id'].WHERE_EQ(["Russia",2])# Select id, country from vendors where country = "Russia" or country = "Japan":vendors['id','country']==[(),("Russia","Japan"),]vendors['id','country'].WHERE_EQ([(),("Russia","Japan"),])# Select id, country, name from vendors where (country = "Russia" or country = "Japan") or (id = 10)vendors['id','country']==(10,("Russia","Japan"),)vendors['id','country'].WHERE_EQ((10,("Russia","Japan"),))# Select id, country, name from vendors where (country = "Russia" or country = "Japan") and (id = 10 or id = 20)vendors['id','country']==[(10,20),("Russia","Japan"),]vendors['id','country'].WHERE_EQ([(10,20),("Russia","Japan"),])You can also combine different comparisons with AND operator:# select id, country from vandors where (id = 10 or country = "Japan") AND (id < 20):(vendors['id']==(10,"Japan"))<(20,)# these two are equal to each other and to the previous onevendors['id'].WHERE_EQ((10,"Japan")).WHERE_LT((20,))vendors['id'].WHERE_EQ((10,"Japan")).AND.WHERE_LT((20,))To combine different comparisons with OR, use special property:# select id, country from vandors where (id = 10 or country = "Japan") OR (id < 20):(vendors['id']==(10,"Japan")).OR<(20,)vendors['id'].WHERE_EQ((10,"JAPAN")).OR.WHERE_LT((20,))Note, that every selection is a SelectQuery object. To select values from database, call selection:vendors[:]SELECTVendors.id,Vendors.name,Vendors.countryFROMVendors;vendors[:]()[(1,'Tayouta','Japan'),(2,'Lada','Russia'),(3,'KAMAZ','Russia')]q=vendors['id','name']>(1,)# or use a method:q=vendors['id','name'].WHERE_GT((1,))qSELECTVendors.id,Vendors.nameFROMVendorsWHERE((Vendors.id>1));q()[(2,'Lada'),(3,'KAMAZ')]11. Update values in tableAs for now, UPDATE operation is very similar to SELECT: you have to select rows to update and specify fields to update in selected rows.So, update syntax is very similar to insert syntax, just for SelectQuery instead of Table:# Update values with tuple. You must specify all values in same order as they are in selection:(vendors['name']==("Tayouta",))<<("Tamoyo",)(vendors['name'].WHERE_EQ(("Tayouta",)))<<("Tamoyo",)# etc..# Wrong assignment type, throws exception:vendors['id']==(10,))<<("Tamoyo",)# Exception# Wrong assignment shape, throws exception:vendors['id','name']==((10,2),))<<("Tamoyo",)# Exception# Gaps are NOT SUPPORTED due to a logical deviation of operation:vendors['id','name']==((10,2),))<<((),"Tamoyo",)# Excption# Update values with dict. You can specify any field assignment:(vendors['id']==((2,3),))<<{"name":"Tamoyo"}(vendors['id','name']==((2,3),))<<{"name":"Tamoyo"}12. Delete rows from tableAs for now, DELETE operation is very similar to SELECT: you have to select rows to delete
and negotate SelectQuery object or useDELETEmethod to get DeleteQueryObject.Note, that delete query does not support such things as joining, grouping etc. Only WHERE considions are supported.Also, you can only delete rows from real tabled, not from views of table compositions.# Delete all vendors with name "Tamoyo"-(vendors['name']==("Tamoyo",))# or(vendoes['name']==("Tamoyo",)).DELETE()# Only real tables supported (exception will be thrown):((vendors&printers)['name']==("Tamoyo",)).DELETE()All expressions and operations of SelectQuery except of WHERE will be
ignored when creating DELETE query.13. Aggregate functionsAggregate functions are available in separate submodule:fromeasy_pytools.sql.aggregateimport*Use aggregates instead of regular field names in selection query:(printers&vendors)[COUNT('Vendors.name')]# or you can use group by expressions as well:(printers&vendors)[COUNT('Vendors.name'),'country']%('country',)(printers&vendors)[COUNT('Vendors.name'),'country'].GROUPBY(('country',))13.1. Aggregate function selection conditionsJust set conditions like to regular fields, selection object would automatically detect calculated fields and put them to HAVING section of query:((printers&vendors)[COUNT('Vendors.name'),'country']%('country',))==[2,("Japan","Russia")](printers&vendors)[COUNT('Vendors.name'),'country'].GROUPBY(('country',)).WHERE_EQ([2,("Japan","Russia")])SELECTCOUNT(Vendors.name),Vendors.countryFROM(PrintersINNERJOINVendorsONVendors.id=Printers.vendor_id)WHERE(((Vendors.country="Japan")OR(Vendors.country="Russia")))GROUPBYVendors.countryHAVING((COUNT(Vendors.name)=2));14. Drop tabledb.drop("Printers")# orprinters.DROP()Advanced stuffConvert your data mapping to a DBase or TableYou can automatically create Table or even a DBase from existing JSON-like data withparsingsubmodule.Available conversions:Convert Python type to SQL type withpython_to_sql_typefunctionConvert data map to Table schema withmap_to_schemafunctionConvert Sequence of data maps to Table schema withseq_to_schemafunctionConvert Sequence of data maps to Table withseq_to_tablefunctionConvert Map of Sequences of data maps to DBase withmap_to_basefunctionlet me show you some examples:fromeasy_pytools.sql.parsingimportpython_to_sql_type,map_to_schema,seq_to_schema,seq_to_table,map_to_baseType parsing:python_to_sql_type(12.4),python_to_sql_type("Hello")"REAL","TEXT"Map to table schema:data={'name':"Vasya",'age':12.5}map_to_schema(data){'name':'TEXT','age':'REAL'}Sequence to schema:data=[{'name':"Vasya",'age':12.5},{'name':"Markus",'age':12.5,'sex':"M"},{'name':"Jane",'age':12.5,'email':"v@om"}]seq_to_schema(data){'id':'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT','name':'TEXT','age':'REAL','sex':'TEXT','email':'TEXT'}data=[{'pass':10298,'name':"Vasya",'age':12.5},{'pass':2839,'name':"Markus",'age':12.5,'sex':"M"},{'pass':819279,'name':"Jane",'age':12.5,'email':"v@om"}]seq_to_schema(data,primary_field='pass'){'pass':'INTEGER PRIMARY KEY','name':'TEXT','age':'REAL','sex':'TEXT','email':'TEXT'}Data to Table:Let us imagine that 'db' is a instance of existing DBasedata=[{'pass':10298,'name':"Vasya",'age':12.5},{'pass':2839,'name':"Markus",'age':12.5,'sex':"M"},{'pass':819279,'name':"Jane",'age':12.5,'email':"v@om"}]table=seq_to_table(db,'Users',data)tabletable.fieldsTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>{'Users.id':Field<0,id,INTEGERofTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>>,'Users.pass':Field<1,pass,INTEGERofTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>>,'Users.name':Field<2,name,TEXTofTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>>,'Users.age':Field<3,age,REALofTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>>,'Users.sex':Field<4,sex,TEXTofTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>>,'Users.email':Field<5,email,TEXTofTable<Usersofd.sb,Real>>}Data to Dbase:data={"Users":[{"name":"Vasya","age":30,"email":"vasyan@com"},{"name":"Petya",'age':42},],"Cars":[{'model':'Lada v1'},{'model':'KAMAZ'},{'model':'Logan x590'}],}db=map_to_base("mybase.sql",data)dbdb.tablesDBase<test.sql>{'Cars','Users','sqlite_sequence'}You can also specifu foreign keys with 'foreign_fields' parameter. (See type hints and docstrings).Note, that Master tables must go first in data mapping, and slave tables must go after them.Convert Table of DBase to data mappingGet schema of tablefromeasy_pytools.sql.parsingimporttable_to_schematable_to_schema(printers){'id':'INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY','name':'varchar(20) NOT NULL ','vendor_id':'INTEGER NOT NULL ','foreign key(vendor_id)':'references Vendors(id)'}Extract data from Tablefromeasy_pytools.sql.parsingimporttable_to_listtable_to_list(printers)[{'id':1,'name':'Canon L100','vendor_id':1},{'id':2,'name':'Canon L200','vendor_id':1}]Extract data from DBasefromeasy_pytools.sql.parsingimportbase_to_dictbase_to_dict(db){'sqlite_sequence':[{'name':'Vendors','seq':4},{'name':'Users','seq':4},{'name':'Printers','seq':2}],'Printers':[{'id':1,'name':'Canon L100','vendor_id':1},{'id':2,'name':'Canon L200','vendor_id':1}],'Cars':[{'reg':10001,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Rangerover'},{'reg':10003,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Rangerover'},{'reg':10004,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Rangerover'},{'reg':10005,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Rangerover'},{'reg':10011,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Raf4'},{'reg':10012,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Raf4'},{'reg':10013,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Raf4'},{'reg':10021,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Cruiser'},{'reg':10022,'vendor_id':1,'model':'Cruiser'},{'reg':20011,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Priora'},{'reg':20012,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Priora'},{'reg':20021,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Vesta'},{'reg':20022,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Vesta'},{'reg':20023,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Vesta'},{'reg':20031,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Kalina'},{'reg':20032,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Kalina'},{'reg':20033,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Kalina'},{'reg':20034,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Kalina'},{'reg':20035,'vendor_id':2,'model':'Kalina'}],'User_Car':[{'user_id':1,'car_reg':10001},{'user_id':1,'car_reg':10003},{'user_id':1,'car_reg':10012},{'user_id':1,'car_reg':10013},{'user_id':1,'car_reg':10021},{'user_id':2,'car_reg':10021},{'user_id':2,'car_reg':20011},{'user_id':2,'car_reg':20021},{'user_id':3,'car_reg':20022},{'user_id':3,'car_reg':20034},{'user_id':3,'car_reg':10005},{'user_id':4,'car_reg':10011},{'user_id':4,'car_reg':19911}],'Users':[{'id':1,'name':'Vasily','email':'v@mail.ru','card':101010},{'id':2,'name':'Dmitry','email':'d@mail.ru','card':10123798},{'id':3,'name':'Michael','email':'m@gmail.com','card':9827798},{'id':4,'name':'John','email':'j@gmail.com','card':623898}],'Vendors':[{'id':1,'name':'Tamoyo','country':'Japan'},{'id':2,'name':'Lada','country':'Russia'},{'id':3,'name':'KAMAZ','country':'Russia'},{'id':4,'name':'Haviko','country':'Japan'}]}Other thingsYou can always make any SQL request to DBase withquerymethod.There also some DBase methods, that can make querying more simple:insert(target_table, target_fields, values)select(source_table, fields)drop(target_table)DataTransferObject class enhancementMotivationDTO pattern is great, but sometimes a bit annoying to implement.In this part of easy_tools I try to implement some useful autimatizations for building DTO classes.FeaturesClass fields with metadata and constraints."Data contracts" -- descriptional dictionary with metadata, useful for building auto-generated UIType checkingQuick Startimport transfer_object decorator and create meta-class with default values:fromeasy_pytools.dtoimporttransfer_object@transfer_objectclassPerson:name="Noname"sex="M"age=0The value you set is the default value. It is required to extract field type. Do not set 'None' - this is NoneType.Lets check some information about our class:p1=Person()p1.get_contract()[{'field':'name','name':'name','type':<class'str'>, 'default': 'Noname', 'value': 'Noname', 'allowed': ()},{'field':'sex','name':'sex','type':<class'str'>, 'default': 'M', 'value': 'M', 'allowed': ()},{'field':'age','name':'age','type':<class'int'>, 'default': 0, 'value': 0, 'allowed': ()}]^^ This is acontract. Let us explore contract item:{'field':'name',# Name of the class instance field'name':'name',# Associated 'friendly' name for the field'type':<class'str'>,  # Type of data for the field'default':'Noname',# Default value'value':'Noname',# Current value'allowed':()# Tuple of allowed value variants}You should know smth about fields before we go forward:typeis hard-constrained: you would not be able to set value of other type, but you can set value of child-typeallowedtuple is the hardest constraint: you can set only values, that are in this tuple. If this tuple is empty, any value of specifiedtypecould be setfieldis arealproperty name as it is in your instancenameis an associated name, useful for, fex, UI or just understanding aboutwhatis stored in this instance fieldLets try to violate type constraint:p1.name="Vasyan"# Works goodp1.age=None# Exception will be thrown:TypeError:<class'NoneType'> is not a vaild type for age in <class '__main__.Person'> contract. Use <class 'int'>How to set valuesYou can set value two ways:p1.age=20p1.set_value('age',20)Also if you exactly know order of public fields you can usewrite_tuplemethod.You'll have to pass values for all transfer object fields:# Throws an exception:name_sex=("Vasya","M")p1.write_tuple(name_sex)# Lets do it right way:name_sex_age=("Vasya","M",19)p1.write_tuple(name_sex_age)Playing with field metadataField associated namesYou can associate any name for the field, just give not only default value on class definition, but associative name as well:@transfer_objectclassPerson:name="Person's name","Noname"sex="Person's Sex","M"age="Person's Age",0p1=Person()p1.get_contract()[{'field':'name','name':"Person's name",'type':<class'str'>, 'default': 'Noname', 'value': 'Noname', 'allowed': ()},{'field':'sex','name':"Person's Sex",'type':<class'str'>, 'default': 'M', 'value': 'M', 'allowed': ()},{'field':'age','name':"Person's Age",'type':<class'int'>, 'default': 0, 'value': 0, 'allowed': ()}]As you can see, the first given value -- is field associated name, and the second is default value.Allowed values constraintsLets specify allowed values for SEX field:@transfer_objectclassPerson:name="Person's name","Noname"sex="Person's Sex","M",("M","F")# Here you areage="Person's Age",0p1=Person()p1.get_contract()[{'field':'name','name':"Person's name",'type':<class'str'>, 'default': 'Noname', 'value': 'Noname', 'allowed': ()},{'field':'sex','name':"Person's Sex",'type':<class'str'>, 'default': 'M', 'value': 'M', 'allowed': ('M', 'F')},{'field':'age','name':"Person's Age",'type':<class'int'>, 'default': 0, 'value': 0, 'allowed': ()}]Now let us try to set different values to sex field:p1.sex="M"# Goodp1.sex="F"# Goodp1.sex=10# TypeErrorp1.sex="Other"# Type if OK, but 'Other' is not allowed value, so TypeError:ValueError:'Other'innotallowedforsexin<class'__main__.Person'> contract. Allowed: ('M', 'F')Manual metadata setupYou can set metadata manually by including protected attributes:@transfer_objectclassPerson:name="Noname"_name_contract_name="Person's name"_name_contract_type=strsex="M"_sex_contract_name="Person's sex"_sex_contract_type=str_sex_contract_allowed=("M","F","Other")age=0_age_contract_name="Person's age"_age_contract_type=floatAs you can see, I am a bit noughty this time: default value for age is Integer, but contract type set to Float.Let us see, what happens when I try to set Age value:p1=Person()p1.age=10# Exception:TypeError:<class'int'> is not a vaild type for age in <class '__main__.Person'> contract. Use <class 'float'>This is right way:p1=Person()p1.age=10.0# GoodStructuresQuick startSubmodule structure:easy_pytools.structurestreesBinaryTree (C++, Linux)PyBinaryTree (Python)PrefixTree (C++, Linux)PyPrefixTree (Python)primitivesQueue (C++, Linux)Stack (C++, Linux)graphsPyGraph (Python)PyOrientedGraph (Python)BinaryTreeBinaryTree and PyBinaryTree are similar in behavour.fromeasy_pytools.structures.treesimportBinaryTreetree=BinaryTree()Add value to treeAll values have to be comparable with each other with standad Python lt, gt, eq magic methods.tree.add(20)# Now all added values have to be comparable with inttree.add(15)# Goodtree.add(7)# Goodtree.add(17.5)# Goodtree.add("h")# ExceptionUsing fulfilled tree# Useful properties with "talking" names:tree.depth# Depth of the tree. I try to keep it near to log2tree.is_empty()# Check containmenttree.contains(15)15intreeDeletion is not currently supportedPrefix TreeAlso known as "Bor".PrefixTree and PyPrefixTree are similar in behavour.fromeasy_pytools.structures.treesimportPrefixTreetree=PrefixTree()Enroll sequence into treeAny iterable and ordered sequence can be enrolled into the tree:tree.add([10,20,30])tree.add([10,30,40])tree.add("Hello")tree.add("Helluva")tree.add("Hello")Using fulfilled tree# Count how much times sequence was enrolled:tree.count("Hello")# Returns 2tree.count("Helluva")# Returns 1tree.count([10,20,30])# Returns 1tree.count("Hell")# Returns 0tree.count([10])# Returns 0# Check if tree contains sequence:tree.contains("Hello")# Truetree.contains("Hell")# FalseDeletion and "in" operators are not supported.Stack, QueueThese are pseudo-structures as they do not affect the way data is organized in memory.fromeasy_pytools.structures.primitivesimportStack,Queues=Stack()q=Queue()s.push(None)s.push(20)s.top# 20, top element still remains in the stacks.top# 20s.size# 2s.is_empty()# Returns Falses.pop()# Returns 20s.pop()# Returns Nones.pop()# Stack is empty, returns Nones.is_empty()# Returns Trueq.add(None)q.add(10)q.add(20)q.first# Noneq.last# 20q.size# 3q.is_epmty()# Returns Falseq.next()# Returns Noneq.next()# Returns 10q.next()# Returns 20q.is_empty()# Returns Trueq.size# 0q.next()# Queue is empty, returns NoneGraph, OrientedGraphThe difference between them is that when adding an edge in a regular graph, the order of the vertices does not matter, but in an oriented graph it does. Accordingly, the check and search for the path is carried out on the basis of this.fromeasy_pytools.structures.graphsimportPyGraph,PyOrientedGraphg=PyGraph()og=PyOrientedGraph()Add vertex:g.add_vertex(0)g.add_vertex(1)og.add_vertex(0)og.add_vertex(1)Add Edge:# You can set edge between existing vertexes:g.add_edge(0,1)og.add_edge(0,1)# Or vertexes can be added automatically:g.add_edge(10,20)g.add_edge(10,30)g.add_edge(20,30)g.add_edge(30,40)og.add_edge(10,20)og.add_edge(10,30)og.add_edge(20,30)og.add_edge(30,40)Vertexes checks:1ing# True1inog# True30ing# False30inog# FalseEdges checks:# You can check if vertexes has edge:g.are_adjacent(1,0)# Trueg.are_adjacent(0,1)# Trueog.are_adjecent(1,0)# Trueog.are_adjecent(0,1)# False. Orientations is 1 -> 0, so they are not adjecent!# You can see all vertexes that can be directly reached from some:g.adjacents(10)# {20,}g.adjacents(20)# {10,}og.adjecents(10)# {20,}og.adjecents(20)# set() -- empty set# You can travel through vertexes from start point:list(g.travel(10))# [10,20,30,30,40,40]list(g.travel(30))# [30,40,10,20,20]list(og.travel(10))# [10,20,30,30,40,40]list(og.travel(30))# [30,40]# And you can travel through vertexes by levels:list(g.travel_levels(20))"""[(20, {10, 30}),(10, {20, 30}),(30, {10, 20, 40}),(30, {10, 20, 40}),(40, {30}),(40, {30})]"""list(og.travel_levels(20))"""[(20, {30}),(30, {40}),(40, set())]"""Find minimal path from one to other:g.minimal_path_deikstra(10,40)# {'path': [10, 30, 40], 'weight': 2}g.minimal_path_deikstra(40,10)# {'path': [40, 30, 10], 'weight': 2}og.minimal_path_deikstra(10,40)# {'path': [10, 30, 40], 'weight': 2}og.minimal_path_deikstra(40,10)# {'path': [], 'weight': inf}Weights (Yep, edges can have weights)g.add_edge(10,1,40)# weight of edge is 40og.add_edge(10,1,40)# weight of edge is 40And minimal path is calculated not by adges count, but by edges weight.
Default weight is 1. 'inf' means no edge, or infinite edge weight (similar).g.edge_weight(10,30)# 1g.edge_weight(30,10)# 1g.edge_weight(10,40)# infog.edge_weight(10,30)# 1og.edge_weight(30,10)# infog.edge_weight(10,40)# infCHANGELOG1.0.3 -> 1.0.4Backward compatibleAffected:easy_pytools.sqlTableDELETE query implemented as production of SELECT query1.0.2 -> 1.0.3:Backward compatibleAffected:easy_pytools.dtotransfer_objectnew write_tuple injected method1.0.1 -> 1.0.2:Backward compatibleAffected:easy_pytools.sqlTableConstraints more informativeDBaseconnection and cursor close ondel1.0 -> 1.0.1:Backward compatibleAffected:easy_pytools.sql.parsingAffected entities:map_to_schemaseq_to_schemaseq_to_tablemap_to_baseWhat is it:Now you can specify foreign fields in 'foreign_fields' parameterGNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.Revised Versions of this License.The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.Disclaimer of Warranty.THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.Limitation of Liability.IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

        How to Apply These Terms to Your New ProgramsIf you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:<program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.The hypothetical commandsshow w' andshow c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, seehttps://www.gnu.org/licenses/.The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.  But first, please readhttps://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html.