Package: datastructure-collection-nyakaz73
Python datastructure_collectionA DataStructure collection written in Python which helps developers and big-data scientists in implementing fast and efficient algorithms.Show some :heart: and :star: to the repo to support the projectPackageThe Pypidatastructer_collectionpackage can be foundhereGetting StartedThe datastructure_collection has three data structure classes :BinarySearchTreeHashMapLinkedListI Look forward to add more datastructures in the future.InstallationRun the following to install package :pipinstalldatastructure_collectionUsageExampleTo use this package :fromdatastructure_collectionimportBinarySearchTreefromdatastructure_collectionimportHashMapfromdatastructure_collectionimportLinkedListBinary Search TreeThe Binary Search Tree operations and the time complexities are shown in the table below:OperationBest CaseWorst Casetree = BinarySearchTree()O(1)O(1)tree.add(key, value)O(logN)O(N)tree.remove(key)O(logN)O(N)tree.valueOf(key)O(logN)O(N)tree.isEmpty()O(1)O(1)tree.minValue()O(logN)O(N)tree.maxValue()O(logN)O(N)n = len(tree)O(1)O(1)x in treeO(logN)O(N)traversalO(N)O(N)As seen from the table above the Binary Search Tree has an advantage over a Linear List in terms of its searching mechanism the tree will be to somewhat sorted where the left elements of a node are less that the elements of a right node, thus giving it a Best case runtime of O(logN) as compared to a List search of O(N).
The Worst Case of a Binary Search Tree O(N) occurs when the elements of the tree are ordered linearly ie (elements are inserted with increasing order)NBThe add,remove,minValue,maxValue andcontainsie "in", valueOf operators uses the search mechanism to locate the target.The Worst Case of a BinarySearchTree can however be improved by implementing aBalanced Search Treewith datastructures like(AVL trees, splay trees, and red-black trees)which i however shall add in the future.Example BinarySearchTree#import the BinarySearchTree Classfromdatastructure_collectionimportBinarySearchTree#Instantiate BinarySearchTree objecttree=BinarySearchTree()tree.add(1,"Orange")tree.add(4,"Banana")tree.add(7,"Apple")tree.add(2,"Tomato")foriintree:print(i)#Prints the sorted List of tuples contaiing the key, value pairstree.remove(4)#this removes the Banana node from the treeprint(len(tree))#this returns a length of 3 since the Banana node was removedHash MapTheHashMapis the most commonly used data structure in solving  big data and maping problems. In most datastructure collection ,searching is the most important operation, and as such we need to do it fast and efficiently. Unilike most datastructures like Lists, Trees which are based on on key comparison when searching for a target, theHashmapuses a concept ofhashingthe keys upon searching which run in constant time O(1) to locate an index of a specific key.
I have used the concept ofdouble hashingin implemnenting the hashing algorithm andclosed hashing/open addressingforProbing. The hashing algorithm is as follows:'''def _double_hashing(self,k):double hashing reduces clusters primary and secondary thus reducing collisionsFind the next slot by probingslot = (position + i ) % M  whrere i = 1,2,3 .. M-1 ; position = index position index to which the key was originally mapped by the hashfunction DOUBLE HASHING IS AS FOLLOWS:slot = (position + i ∗ hp(key)) % Mhp(key) = 1 + key % P         P = constant  < Mpass'''Double hashing reduces primary and secondary clusture thus reducing collisions.The table below shows the operations and time complexities of aHashMapOperationBest CaseWorst Casemap = HashMap()O(1)O(1)map.add(key, value)O(1)O(N)map.remove(key)O(1)O(N)map[key] = valueO(1)O(N)map.get(key)O(1)O(N)map.isEmpty()O(1)O(1)n = len(map)O(1)O(1)x in mapO(1)O(N)traversalO(N)O(N)As noted from the table above aHashMapone one of the strongest data structure in implementing a map, as the fundamental core oprations iegetitem,setitem,deltitem, runs at constant time at Best Case. The Hash Map worst case run-time can always be enhanced by implementingSortedTableMapwhich improves the Worst Case O(N) to O(logN), which i hope to add the datastructure in the future.Example HashMaphash=HashMap()hash.add('man',34)hash.add('person',23)hash.add('women',674)hash.add('camera',5)hash.add('tv',89)foriinhash:print('{}:{}'.format(i.key,i.value))#prints the key value parisprint(len(hash))#returns length 5print(hash.remove('tv'))print(hash.remove('women'))print(hash.remove('man'))hash['women']=566foriinhash:print('{}:{}'.format(i.key,i.value))print(len(hash))#returns lenth 3print(hash.get('women'))# returns 566Linked ListOne might ask why implement a  linked List datastructure if we already have a list in Python. Insertions and Deletions operation in a List requires items to be shifted to make a room or close the gap. This howver can be time consuming especially for large data. The add operator in a Linked List requires O(1) time where as the Pyhton List requires O(N)The table below shows the operations and time complexities of aLinkedListOperationPyhton ListLinked Listlinked = LinkedList()O(1)O(1)linked.add(value)N/AO(1)linked.append(value)O(N)O(N)linked.remove(value)O(1)O(N)linked.isEmpty()O(1)O(1)n = len(map)O(1)O(1)x in linkedO(N)O(N)traversalO(N)O(N)Example Linked Listlinked=LinkedList()for_inrange(10):linked.add(_)linked.add(5)linked.remove(5)linked.append(55)linked.append(56)linked.append(7)linked.add(59)linked.append(79)print('List Length: ',len(linked))linked.remove(0)print(linked)print('List Length: ',len(linked))foriinlinked:print(i)#Prints the values in the Linked Listprint(77inlinked)#Returns False 77 is not in LinkedPull RequestsI Welcome and i encourage all Pull Requests. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change.Please make sure to update tests as appropriate.Created and Maintained byAuthor:Tafadzwa Lameck Nyamukapa:Email:  [tafadzwalnyamukapa@gmail.com]Open for any colleboration and Remote Work!!Happy Coding!!LicenseMIT License

Copyright (c) 2020 Tafadzwa Lameck Nyamukapa

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