Package: cochlea
cochleais a collection of inner ear models.  All models are easily
accessible as Python functions.  They take sound signal as input and
returnspike trainsof the auditory nerve fibers:+-----------+     __|______|______|____
 .-.     .-.     .-.     |           |-->  _|________|______|___
/   \   /   \   /   \ -->|  Cochlea  |-->  ___|______|____|_____
     '-'     '-'         |           |-->  __|______|______|____
                         +-----------+
          Sound                               Spike Trains
                                            (Auditory Nerve)The package contains state-of-the-art biophysical models, which give
realistic approximation of the auditory nerve activity.The models are implemented using the original code from their authors
whenever possible.  Therefore, they return the same results as the
original models.  We made an effort to verify it with unit testing
(see tests directory for details).The implementation is also fast.  It is easy to generate responses of
hundreds or even thousands of auditory nerve fibers (ANFs).  It is
possible, for example, to generate responses of the whole human
auditory nerve (around 30,000 ANFs).  We usually tested the models
with sounds up to 1 second in duration.I developedcochleaduring my PhD in the group of Werner Hemmert
(Bio-Inspired Information Processing) at the TUM.  It went through
several versions and rewrites.  Now, it is quite stable and we decided
to release it for the community.FeaturesState of the art inner ear models accessible from Python.Contains full biophysical inner ear models: sound in, spikes out.Fast; can generate thousands of spike trains.Interoperability with neuron simulation software such asNEURONandBrian.Implemented ModelsHolmberg, M. (2007). Speech Encoding in the Human Auditory
Periphery: Modeling and Quantitative Assessment by Means of
Automatic Speech Recognition. PhD thesis, Technical University
Darmstadt.Zilany, M. S., Bruce, I. C., Nelson, P. C., &
Carney, L. H. (2009). A phenomenological model of the synapse
between the inner hair cell and auditory nerve: long-term adaptation
with power-law dynamics. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 126(5), 2390-2412.Zilany, M. S., Bruce, I. C., & Carney, L. H. (2014). Updated
parameters and expanded simulation options for a model of the
auditory periphery. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, 135(1), 283-286.MATLAB Auditory Peripheryby Meddis et al. (external model, not
implemented in the package, but easily accessible throughmatlab_wrapper).UsageCheck our onlineDEMOandexamples(probably the easiest is to start
withrun_zilany2014.py).Initialize the modules:import cochlea
import thorns as th
import thorns.waves as wvGenerate sound:fs = 100e3
sound = wv.ramped_tone(
    fs=fs,
    freq=1000,
    duration=0.1,
    dbspl=50
)Run the model (responses of 200 cat HSR fibers):anf_trains = cochlea.run_zilany2014(
    sound,
    fs,
    anf_num=(200,0,0),
    cf=1000,
    seed=0,
    species='cat'
)Plot the results:th.plot_raster(anf_trains)
th.show()You can browse through the API documentation at:https://pythonhosted.org/cochlea/Installationpip install cochleaCheckINSTALL.rstfor details.Spike Train FormatSpike train data format is based on a standardDataFrameformat from
the excellentpandaslibrary.  Spike trains and their meta data are
stored inDataFrame, where each row corresponds to a single neuron:indexdurationtypecfspikes00.15hsr8000[0.00243, 0.00414, 0.00715, 0.01089, 0.01358, …10.15hsr8000[0.00325, 0.01234, 0.0203, 0.02295, 0.0268, 0….20.15hsr8000[0.00277, 0.00594, 0.01104, 0.01387, 0.0234, 0…30.15hsr8000[0.00311, 0.00563, 0.00971, 0.0133, 0.0177, 0….40.15hsr8000[0.00283, 0.00469, 0.00929, 0.01099, 0.01779, …50.15hsr8000[0.00352, 0.00781, 0.01138, 0.02166, 0.02575, …60.15hsr8000[0.00395, 0.00651, 0.00984, 0.0157, 0.02209, 0…70.15hsr8000[0.00385, 0.009, 0.01537, 0.02114, 0.02377, 0….The column ‘spikes’ is the most important and stores an array with
spike times (time stamps) in seconds for every action potential.  The
column ‘duration’ is the duration of the sound.  The column ‘cf’ is
the characteristic frequency (CF) of the fiber.  The column ‘type’
tells us what auditory nerve fiber generated the spike train.  ‘hsr’
is for high-spontaneous rate fiber, ‘msr’ and ‘lsr’ for medium- and
low-spontaneous rate fibers.Advantages of the format:easy addition of new meta data,efficient grouping and filtering of trains usingDataFramefunctionality,export to MATLAB struct array through mat files:scipy.io.savemat(
    "spikes.mat",
    {'spike_trains': spike_trains.to_records()}
)The librarythornshas more information and functions to manipulate
spike trains.Contribute & SupportOpen tasks:TODO.org(best viewed in Emacs org-mode)Issue Tracker:https://github.com/mrkrd/cochlea/issuesSource Code:https://github.com/mrkrd/cochleaSimilar ProjectsCarney LabMatlab Auditory PeripheryDSAMBrian HearsThe Auditory Modeling ToolboxCitingRudnicki M., Schoppe O., Isik M., Völk F. and
Hemmert W. (2015).Modeling auditory coding: from sound to spikes.
Cell and Tissue Research, Springer Nature, 361, pp. 159—175.
doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2202-z
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00441-015-2202-zBibTeX entry:@Article{Rudnicki2015,
  author    = {Marek Rudnicki and Oliver Schoppe and Michael Isik and Florian Völk and Werner Hemmert},
  title     = {Modeling auditory coding: from sound to spikes},
  journal   = {Cell and Tissue Research},
  year      = {2015},
  volume    = {361},
  number    = {1},
  pages     = {159--175},
  month     = {jun},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00441-015-2202-z},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
}Do not forget to cite the original authors of the models as listed in
Implemented Models.AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank Muhammad S.A. Zilany, Ian C. Bruce and
Laurel H. Carney for developing inner ear models and allowing us to
use their code incochlea.Thanks goes to Marcus Holmberg, who developed the traveling wave based
model.  His work was supported by the General Federal Ministry of
Education and Research within the Munich Bernstein Center for
Computational Neuroscience (reference No. 01GQ0441, 01GQ0443 and
01GQ1004B).We are grateful to Ray Meddis for support with the Matlab Auditory
Periphery model.And last, but not least, I would like to thank Werner Hemmert for
supervising my PhD.  The thesis entitledComputer models of
acoustical and electrical stimulation of neurons in the auditory
systemcan be found athttps://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1445042This work was supported by the General Federal Ministry of Education
and Research within the Munich Bernstein Center for Computational
Neuroscience (reference No. 01GQ0441 and 01GQ1004B) and the German
Research Foundation Foundation’s Priority Program PP 1608Ultrafast
and temporally precise information processing: Normal and
dysfunctional hearing.LicenseThe project is licensed under the GNU General Public License v3 or
later (GPLv3+).