Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

N persons are standing in a row. The height of the i-th person from the front is A_i.

We want to have each person stand on a stool of some heights - at least zero - so that the following condition is satisfied for every person:

Condition: Nobody in front of the person is taller than the person. Here, the height of a person includes the stool.

Find the minimum total height of the stools needed to meet this goal.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 \ldots A_N

Output

Print the minimum total height of the stools needed to meet the goal.

Sample Input 1

5
2 1 5 4 3

Sample Output 1

4

If the persons stand on stools of heights 0, 1, 0, 1, and 2, respectively, their heights will be 2, 2, 5, 5, and 5, satisfying the condition.

We cannot meet the goal with a smaller total height of the stools.

Sample Input 2

5
3 3 3 3 3

Sample Output 2

0

Giving a stool of height 0 to everyone will work.

Solution in Scala (2.13.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

object Main extends App {
	val pw = new java.io.PrintWriter(System.out)

	@scala.annotation.tailrec
	def loop(start: Int, end: Int)(f: Int => Unit): Unit =
		if (start < end) {
			f(start)
			loop(start + 1, end)(f)
		}

	pw.println(
		Seq.fill(Scanner.nextInt)(Scanner.nextLong).foldLeft((0L,0L)) { case ((acc, p), ai) =>
			val updated = if (p < ai) ai else p
			(acc + updated - ai, updated)
		}._1
	)
	pw.flush()
}

object Scanner {
	private val buf = new Array[Byte](1024); private var ptr = 0; private var len = 0

	@inline private def isPrintableChar(c: Int): Boolean = 33 <= c && c <= 126
	@inline private def hasNextByte(): Boolean = if (ptr >= len) { ptr = 0; len = System.in.read(buf); len > 0 } else true
	@inline private def hasNext(): Boolean = {
		while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buf(ptr))) ptr += 1
		hasNextByte()
	}
	@inline private def readByte(): Byte = if (hasNextByte()) { val res = buf(ptr); ptr += 1; res } else -1

	def next(): String = {
		if(!hasNext()) ???
		val sb = new StringBuilder; var b = readByte()
		while (isPrintableChar(b)) { sb.append(b.toChar); b = readByte() }
		sb.toString
	}

	def nextInt(): Int = {
		val n = nextLong()
		if (n < Int.MinValue || Int.MaxValue < n) ???
		n.toInt
	}

	def nextLong(): Long = {
		if(!hasNext()) ???
		var minus = false; var b = readByte()
		if (b == '-') { minus = true; b = readByte() }

		@scala.annotation.tailrec
		def go (b: Byte, n: Long = 0): Long = if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') go(readByte(), n * 10 + b - '0') else if (minus) -n else n

		go(b)
	}

	def nextDouble(): Double = next().toDouble
}