Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given a sequence of positive integers of length N, a = (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N).
Your objective is to remove some of the elements in a so that a will be a good sequence.

Here, an sequence b is a good sequence when the following condition holds true:

For each element x in b, the value x occurs exactly x times in b.

For example, (3, 3, 3), (4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 2, 4) and () (an empty sequence) are good sequences, while (3, 3, 3, 3) and (2, 4, 1, 4, 2) are not.

Find the minimum number of elements that needs to be removed so that a will be a good sequence.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

a_i is an integer.

1 \leq a_i \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum number of elements that needs to be removed so that a will be a good sequence.

Sample Input 1

4
3 3 3 3

Sample Output 1

1

We can, for example, remove one occurrence of 3. Then, (3, 3, 3) is a good sequence.

Sample Input 2

5
2 4 1 4 2

Sample Output 2

2

We can, for example, remove two occurrences of 4. Then, (2, 1, 2) is a good sequence.

Sample Input 3

6
1 2 2 3 3 3

Sample Output 3

0

Sample Input 4

1
1000000000

Sample Output 4

1

Remove one occurrence of 10^9. Then, () is a good sequence.

Sample Input 5

8
2 7 1 8 2 8 1 8

Sample Output 5

5

Solution in Scala (2.11.7) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.{BufferedReader, InputStream, InputStreamReader, PrintWriter}
import java.util.StringTokenizer

import scala.collection.mutable
import scala.util.Sorting
import math.{abs, max, min}
import scala.collection.mutable.{ArrayBuffer, ListBuffer}
import scala.reflect.ClassTag

object Main {
  val MOD = 1000000007
  val out = new PrintWriter(System.out)
  def solve(): Unit = {
    val sc = new InputReader(System.in)
    val N = sc.nextInt()
    val A = map(N)(_ => sc.nextInt())
    val ans = A.grpBy(identity).sumBy { case (num, as) =>
      val cnt = as.length
      if (cnt >= num) cnt - num
      else cnt
    }

    out.println(ans)
  }


  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    solve()
    out.flush()
  }


  class InputReader(val stream: InputStream) {
    private val reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768)
    private var tokenizer: StringTokenizer = null

    def next: String = {
      while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens)
        tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine)
      tokenizer.nextToken
    }

    def nextInt(): Int = next.toInt
    def nextLong(): Long = next.toLong
    def nextChar(): Char = next.charAt(0)
  }

  private def rep(n: Int)(f: Int => Unit): Unit = {
    var i = 0
    while(i < n) {
      f(i)
      i += 1
    }
  }

  private def map[@specialized A: ClassTag](n: Int)(f: Int => A): Array[A] = {
    val res = Array.ofDim[A](n)
    var i = 0
    while(i < n) {
      res(i) = f(i)
      i += 1
    }
    res
  }

  private implicit class ArrayOpts[A](val as: Array[A]) extends AnyVal {
    def maxByOpt[B: Ordering](f: A => B): Option[A] = {
      if (as.nonEmpty) Some(as.maxBy(f)) else None
    }

    def grpBy[K](f: A => K): mutable.Map[K, ArrayBuffer[A]] = {
      val map = mutable.Map.empty[K, ArrayBuffer[A]]
      as.rep { a =>
        val k = f(a)
        map.getOrElseUpdate(k, ArrayBuffer()) += a
      }
      map
    }

    def rep(f: A => Unit): Unit = {
      var i = 0
      val N = as.length
      while(i < N) {
        f(as(i))
        i += 1
      }
    }

    def sumBy[B](f: A => B)(implicit num: Numeric[B]): B = {
      var sum = num.zero
      rep { a =>
        sum = num.plus(sum, f(a))
      }
      sum
    }
  }

  private implicit class IterableOpts[A](val as: Iterable[A]) extends AnyVal {
    def sumBy[B](f: A => B)(implicit num: Numeric[B]): B = {
      as.foldLeft(num.zero)((acc, a) => num.plus(acc, f(a)))
    }
  }
}