Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

In a flower bed, there are N flowers, numbered 1,2,......,N. Initially, the heights of all flowers are 0.
You are given a sequence h=\{h_1,h_2,h_3,......\} as input. You would like to change the height of Flower k to h_k for all k (1 \leq k \leq N), by repeating the following "watering" operation:

Specify integers l and r. Increase the height of Flower x by 1 for all x such that l \leq x \leq r.

Find the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq h_i \leq 100

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
h_1 h_2 h_3 ...... h_N

Output

Print the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 1

Sample Output 1

2

The minimum number of watering operations required is 2.
One way to achieve it is:

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(1,3).

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(2,4).

Sample Input 2

5
3 1 2 3 1

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

8
4 23 75 0 23 96 50 100

Sample Output 3

221

Solution in Scala (2.11.7) (judge verdict: Accepted)

object Main {
  import java.util.Scanner

  def readStrings(n: Int)(implicit sc: Scanner): Array[String] = Array.fill(n) { sc.next() }
  def readInts(n: Int)(implicit sc: Scanner): Array[Int] = Array.fill(n) { sc.nextInt() }
  def readLongs(n: Int)(implicit sc: Scanner): Array[Long] = Array.fill(n) { sc.nextLong() }
  def readLineStrings(implicit sc: Scanner): Array[String] = sc.nextLine().split(' ')
  def readLineInts(implicit sc: Scanner): Array[Int] = readLineStrings.map(_.toInt)
  def readLineLongs(implicit sc: Scanner): Array[Long] = readLineStrings.map(_.toLong)

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = solve(new Scanner(System.in))

  def solve(implicit sc: Scanner): Unit = {
    def reduce(h: Array[Int]): Int = {
      var count = 0
      var previousWatered = false
      for { i <- h.indices } {
        if (h(i) != 0) {
          if (!previousWatered) count += 1
          h(i) -= 1
          previousWatered = true
        } else {
          previousWatered = false
        }
      }
      count
    }

    val N = sc.nextLine().toInt
    val h = readLineInts
    var count = 0
    while (true) {
      val next = reduce(h)
      if (next == 0) return println(count)
      count += next
    }
  }
}