Problem:
KND is So Sexy

Problem

KND君は会津大学に在籍する学生プログラマである。彼の胸元はとてもセクシーなことで知られている。

簡単のために胸元から見える肌の部分を図にある二等辺三角形ABCで表す。しかし服にはたるみが生じているため、長さが等しい2辺AC,BC(これらの長さをlとする)には実際にはさらに長さx分余裕がある。はだける部分の面積を増やすため、たるんだ分を引っ張ることで新たにふたつの三角形ADC,BECを作ることにしよう。点D,Eは三角形ABCの外側に存在する。この新しいふたつの三角形はたるみによって生じるもので、辺BEと辺ECの長さの和および辺ADと辺DCの長さの和はl+xでなければならない。あなたはこれら3つの三角形の面積の和Mが最大になるように点D,Eを決める。KND君の隣人であるあなたは彼の胸元がどれ程セクシーなのかを調べるために、a,l,xを入力として服からのぞく肌の最大の面積(M)を計算するプログラムを作成することにした。

Input

入力は複数のテストケースからなる。
ひとつのテストケースは以下の形式で与えられる。
入力の終わりをEOFで示す。

a l x

ここで、

a:三角形ABCの辺ABの長さ

l:三角形ABCの2辺AC,BCの長さ

x:2辺AC,BCにあるたるみ

である。

Constraints

入力は以下の条件を満たす。

入力はすべて整数。

1 ≤ a ≤ 1000

1 ≤ l ≤ 1000

1 ≤ x ≤ 1000

Output

各テストケースにつき最大の面積を1行に出力せよ。この値はジャッジ出力の値と10-5より大きい差を持ってはならない。

Sample Input

2 2 1
2 3 1
3 2 3
2 3 5

Sample Output

3.9681187851
6.7970540913
6.5668891783
13.9527248554

Solution in Scala (judge verdict: Accepted)

//import java.util.Scanner

import java.io._
import java.nio.file.Files._
import java.nio.file.Path
import java.util.StringTokenizer

import scala.collection.immutable._
import scala.io.Codec

/**
  * Scala implementation of a faster java.util.Scanner
  * See: http://codeforces.com/blog/entry/7018
  */

class Scanner(reader: LineNumberReader) extends Iterable[String] with AutoCloseable {
  def this(reader: BufferedReader) = this(new LineNumberReader(reader))

  def this(reader: Reader) = this(new BufferedReader(reader))

  def this(inputStream: InputStream)(implicit codec: Codec) = this(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, codec.charSet))

  def this(path: Path)(implicit codec: Codec) = this(newBufferedReader(path, codec.charSet))

  def this(file: File)(implicit codec: Codec) = this(file.toPath)(codec)

  def this(str: String) = this(new StringReader(str))

  override def iterator: Iterator[String] = for {
    line <- Iterator.continually(reader.readLine()).takeWhile(_ != null)
    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line)
    tokens <- Iterator.continually(tokenizer).takeWhile(_.hasMoreTokens)
  } yield tokens.nextToken()

  private[this] var current = iterator

  def hasNext: Boolean = current.hasNext

  @inline def next(): String = current.next()

  /**
    * This is different from Java's scanner.nextLine
    * The Java one is a misnomer since it actually travel to end of current line
    * This one actually does fetch the next line
    */
  def nextLine(): String = {
    val line = reader.readLine()
    current = iterator
    line
  }

  def lineNumber: Int = reader.getLineNumber

  def nextString(): String = next()

  def nextBoolean(): Boolean = next().toBoolean

  def nextByte(radix: Int = 10): Byte = java.lang.Byte.parseByte(next(), radix)

  def nextShort(radix: Int = 10): Short = java.lang.Short.parseShort(next(), radix)

  def nextInt(radix: Int = 10): Int = java.lang.Integer.parseInt(next(), radix)

  def nextLong(radix: Int = 10): Long = java.lang.Long.parseLong(next(), radix)

  def nextBigInt(radix: Int = 10): BigInt = BigInt(next(), radix)

  def nextFloat(): Float = next().toFloat

  def nextDouble(): Double = next().toDouble

  def nextBigDecimal(): BigDecimal = BigDecimal(next())

  override def close(): Unit = reader.close()
}


class IUnionFind(val size: Int) {

  private case class Node(var parent: Option[Int], var treeSize: Int)

  private val nodes = Array.fill[Node](size)(Node(None, treeSize = 1))

  def union(t1: Int, t2: Int): IUnionFind = {
    if (t1 == t2) return this

    val root1 = root(t1)
    val root2 = root(t2)
    if (root1 == root2) return this

    val node1 = nodes(root1)
    val node2 = nodes(root2)

    if (node1.treeSize < node2.treeSize) {
      node1.parent = Some(t2)
      node2.treeSize += node1.treeSize
    } else {
      node2.parent = Some(t1)
      node1.treeSize += node2.treeSize
    }
    this
  }

  def connected(t1: Int, t2: Int): Boolean = t1 == t2 || root(t1) == root(t2)

  def root(t: Int): Int = nodes(t).parent match {
    case None => t
    case Some(p) =>
      nodes(t).parent = Some(root(p))
      nodes(t).parent.get
  }
}


object Main {
  def solve(sc: => Scanner): Unit = {
    if (sc.hasNext) {
      val a, l, x = sc.nextDouble()

      val b = math.sqrt(l * l - (a * a / 4))
      val len = (l + x) / 2
      val c = math.sqrt(len * len - (l * l / 4))
      println(l * c + (a * b) / 2)

      solve(sc)
    }
  }

  def getPermutation(begin: Long = 0): Stream[Long] =
    Stream.cons(begin, getPermutation(begin + 1))

  def calc(A: Array[Long]): Array[String] = {
    if (A.length == 0) Array.fill(0)("")
    else {
      val last = A.zipWithIndex.map(x => (x._1 - x._2, x._1)).takeWhile(x => x._1 == A.head).last._2
      if (last == A.head) "%d".format(A.head) +: calc(A.zipWithIndex.map(x => (x._1 - x._2, x._1)).dropWhile(x => x._1 == A.head).map(x => x._2))
      else "%d-%d".format(A.head, last) +: calc(A.zipWithIndex.map(x => (x._1 - x._2, x._1)).dropWhile(x => x._1 == A.head).map(x => x._2))
    }
  }

  var memo: Map[(Long, Long), Long] = Map[(Long, Long), Long]()

  def recursive(xyz: Array[(Long, Long, Long)], M: Long): Long = {
    if (xyz.isEmpty) M else {
      val head = xyz.head
      if (head._1 == 0) {
        if (head._2 == M)
          recursive(xyz.tail, head._3)
        else if (head._3 == M)
          recursive(xyz.tail, head._2)
        else
          recursive(xyz.tail, M)
      } else {
        if (head._2 == M)
          recursive(xyz.tail, head._3)
        else
          recursive(xyz.tail, M)
      }
    }
  }

  def recursive2(X: Set[Long], Y: Stream[Long]): Long = if (X.contains(Y.head)) X.size else recursive2(X + Y.head, Y.tail)

  def check(s: String): Boolean = {
    s.isEmpty ||
      s.startsWith("dream") && check(s.drop(5)) ||
      s.startsWith("dreamer") && check(s.drop(7)) ||
      s.startsWith("erase") && check(s.drop(5)) ||
      s.startsWith("eraser") && check(s.drop(6))
  }

  def shift(n: Long): Long = {
    if (n == 0) 0
    else if (n == 1) 1
    else shift(n - 1) << 1
  }

  def unShift(n: Long): Long = {
    if (n == 0) 0
    else unShift(n >> 1) + 1
  }

  def gcd(i: Long, j: Long): Long = {
    if (i < j) gcd(j, i)
    else if (j == 0) i
    else gcd(j, i % j)
  }

  def primeFactors(i: Long): List[Long] = primeFactors_(i, 1).sorted


  def primeFactors_(i: Long, j: Long): List[Long] = {
    if (j * j > i) List.empty else if (i % j == 0) primeFactors_(i, j + 1) ++ List[Long](j, i / j) else primeFactors_(i, j + 1)
  }

  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val sc: Scanner = new Scanner(System.in)
    solve(sc)
  }
}

object Util {
  def getPermutation(begin: Long = 0): Stream[Long] =
    Stream.cons(begin, getPermutation(begin + 1))

  def getPrimeList: Stream[Long] =
    getPrimeListRecursive(getPermutation(begin = 2))

  private def getPrimeListRecursive(A: Stream[Long]): Stream[Long] =
    Stream.cons(A.head, getPrimeListRecursive(A.tail.filter(_ % A.head != 0)))

  def fib(a: Long = 0, b: Long = 1, mod: Long = Long.MaxValue): Stream[Long] = a #:: fib(b % mod, (a + b) % mod, mod)
}

object ArabicRoman {

  type =?>[A, B] = PartialFunction[A, B]

  val codeTable = List(
    (1000, "M"), (900, "CM"), (500, "D"), (400, "CD"), (100, "C"),
    (90, "XC"), (50, "L"), (40, "XL"), (10, "X"), (9, "IX"), (5, "V"), (4, "IV"), (1, "I"))

  val arabicToRoman: Int =?> String = {
    case src if src >= 1 && src <= 3999 =>

      def convert(left: Int, cont: String = "", code: List[(Int, String)] = codeTable): String = {
        val (unitVal, unitChar) = code.head
        left - unitVal match {
          case n if n == 0 => cont + unitChar
          case n if n > 0 => convert(n, cont + unitChar, code)
          case _ => convert(left, cont, code.tail)
        }
      }

      convert(src)
  }

  val romanToArabic: String =?> Int = {
    case src if Option(src).exists { s => {
      s.nonEmpty && """[^MDCLXVI]""".r.findFirstMatchIn(s.toUpperCase).isEmpty
    }
    } =>

      def convert(left: String, cont: Int = 0, code: List[(Int, String)] = codeTable): Int = {
        val (unitVal, unitChar) = code.head
        left.splitAt(unitChar.length) match {
          case ("", _) => cont
          case (`unitChar`, tail) => convert(tail, cont + unitVal, code)
          case _ => convert(left, cont, code.tail)
        }
      }

      convert(src.toUpperCase())
  }
}