Problem:
LCA: Lowest Common Ancestor

For a rooted tree, find the lowest common ancestor of two nodes u and v.

The given tree consists of n nodes and every node has a unique ID from 0 to n-1 where 0 is the root.

Input

n
k0 c1 c2 ... ck0
k1 c1 c2 ... ck1
:
kn-1 c1 c2 ... ckn-1
q
u1 v1
u2 v2
:
uq vq

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of nodes of the tree.

In the next n lines, the information of node i is given. ki is the number of children of node i, and c1, ... cki are node IDs of 1st, ... kth child of node i.

In the next line, the number of queryies q is given. In the next q lines, pairs of u and v are given as the queries.

Output

For each query, print the LCA of u and v in a line.

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100000

1 ≤ q ≤ 100000

Sample Input 1

8
3 1 2 3
2 4 5
0
0
0
2 6 7
0
0
4
4 6
4 7
4 3
5 2

Sample Output 1

1
1
0
0

Solution in Rust (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::io::{stdin, Read};

use std::option::*;
use std::string::*;
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Rev<T>(pub T);

impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for Rev<T> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Rev<T>) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
        other.0.partial_cmp(&self.0)
    }
}

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Rev<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Rev<T>) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
        other.0.cmp(&self.0)
    }
}

macro_rules! read {
    (($($t:tt),*)) => {
        ( $(read!($t)),* )
    };
    ([[$t:tt; $len1:expr]; $len2:expr]) => {
        (0..$len2).map(|_| read!([$t; $len1])).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };

    ([$t:tt; $len:expr]) => {
        (0..$len).map(|_| read!($t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };

    (chars) => {
        read!(String).chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()
    };

    (usize1) => {
        read!(usize) - 1
    };

    ($t:ty) => {{
        let stdin = stdin();
        let stdin = stdin.lock();
        let token: String = stdin
            .bytes()
            .map(|c| c.unwrap() as char)
            .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace())
            .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
            .collect();

        token.parse::<$t>().unwrap()
    }};
}

macro_rules! input {
    (mut $name:ident: $t:tt, $($r:tt)*) => {
        let mut $name = read!($t);
        input!($($r)*);
    };

    (mut $name:ident: $t:tt) => {
        let mut $name = read!($t);
    };

    ($name:ident: $t:tt, $($r:tt)*) => {
        let $name = read!($t);
        input!($($r)*);
    };

    ($name:ident: $t:tt) => {
        let $name = read!($t);
    };
}

struct Combination {
    MOD: i64,
    fac: Vec<i64>,
    fac_inv: Vec<i64>,
}

impl Combination {
    pub fn new(n: i64) -> Self {
        let MOD: i64 = 1_000_000_007;
        let mut fac: Vec<i64> = vec![0; n as usize + 1];
        let mut fac_inv: Vec<i64> = vec![0; n as usize + 1];

        let get_inverse = |mut n: i64| -> i64 {
            let (mut res, mut p) = (1, MOD - 2);

            while p != 0 {
                if p & 1 == 1 {
                    res = (res * n) % MOD;
                }
                n = (n * n) % MOD;
                p >>= 1;
            }

            return res;
        };

        fac[0] = 1;

        for i in 1..n + 1 {
            fac[i as usize] = (fac[i as usize - 1] * i) % MOD;
        }

        for i in 0..n + 1 {
            fac_inv[i as usize] = get_inverse(fac[i as usize]);
        }

        Combination {
            MOD: MOD,
            fac: fac,
            fac_inv: fac_inv,
        }
    }

    fn nCr(&self, n: i64, r: i64) -> i64 {
        if n < r {
            return 0;
        }

        let a: i64 = self.fac[n as usize];
        let b: i64 = self.fac_inv[(n - r) as usize];
        let c: i64 = self.fac_inv[r as usize];
        let bc: i64 = (b * c) % self.MOD;

        return (a * bc) % self.MOD;
    }

    fn nPr(&self, n: i64, r: i64) -> i64 {
        if n < r {
            return 0;
        }

        let a: i64 = self.fac[n as usize];
        let b: i64 = self.fac_inv[(n - r) as usize];

        return (a * b) % self.MOD;
    }

    fn nHr(&self, n: i64, r: i64) -> i64 {
        if n == 0 && r == 0 {
            return 1;
        }

        return self.nCr(n + r - 1, r);
    }
}

pub trait SliceExt<T>: Iterator + Sized {
    fn vec(self) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        self.collect()
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
struct Edge {
    to: usize,
    cost: i64,
}

fn dijkstra(graph: &Vec<Vec<Edge>>, s: usize) -> Vec<i64> {
    use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
    let mut dist = vec![1e18 as i64; graph.len()];
    let mut heap = BinaryHeap::new();
    dist[s] = 0;
    heap.push((0, s));
    while let Some((cost, v)) = heap.pop() {
        if dist[v] < cost {
            continue;
        }

        for e in &graph[v] {
            if dist[e.to] <= dist[v] + e.cost {
                continue;
            }
            dist[e.to] = dist[v] + e.cost;
            heap.push((0, e.to));
        }
    }
    return dist;
}

struct LCA {
    par: Vec<Vec<Option<usize>>>,
    dist: Vec<i64>,
}

impl LCA {
    pub fn new(graph: &Vec<Vec<usize>>, root: &usize) -> LCA {
        let V = graph.len();
        let mut K = 1;

        while (1 << K) < V {
            K += 1;
        }

        let mut par = vec![vec![None; V]; K];
        let mut dist = vec![-1; V];
        let graph = graph.to_vec();

        fn dfs(
            v: usize,
            p: Option<usize>,
            d: i64,
            graph: &Vec<Vec<usize>>,
            par: &mut Vec<Vec<Option<usize>>>,
            dist: &mut Vec<i64>,
        ) {
            par[0][v] = p;
            dist[v] = d;
            for &to in &graph[v] {
                match p {
                    Some(p) => {
                        if to != p {
                            dfs(to, Some(v), d + 1, graph, par, dist)
                        }
                    }
                    None => dfs(to, Some(v), d + 1, graph, par, dist),
                }
            }
        }

        dfs(*root, None, 0, &graph, &mut par, &mut dist);

        for k in 0..K - 1 {
            for v in 0..V {
                match par[k][v] {
                    Some(x) => par[k + 1][v] = par[k][x],
                    None => (),
                }
            }
        }

        LCA { par, dist }
    }

    pub fn query(&self, u: &usize, v: &usize) -> usize {
        let mut u = u.clone();
        let mut v = v.clone();
        if self.dist[u] < self.dist[v] {
            return self.query(&v, &u);
        }

        let K = self.par.len();
        for k in 0..K {
            if ((self.dist[u] - self.dist[v]) >> k & 1) == 1 {
                u = self.par[k][u].unwrap();
            }
        }

        if u == v {
            return u;
        }

        for k in (0..K - 1).rev() {
            if self.par[k][u] != self.par[k][v] {
                u = self.par[k][u].unwrap();
                v = self.par[k][v].unwrap();
            }
        }

        return self.par[0][u].unwrap();
    }
}

fn main() {
    input!(n: usize);
    let mut graph = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    for i in 0..n {
        input!(k: usize);
        for _ in 0..k {
            input!(c: usize);
            graph[i].push(c);
            graph[c].push(i);
        }
    }


    let lca = LCA::new(&graph, &0);
    input!(q: usize);
    for _ in 0..q {
        input!(u: usize, v: usize);
        println!("{}", lca.query(&u, &v));
    }
}