Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Given an integer N, find the base -2 representation of N.

Here, S is the base -2 representation of N when the following are all satisfied:

S is a string consisting of 0 and 1.

Unless S = 0, the initial character of S is 1.

Let S = S_k S_{k-1} ... S_0, then S_0 \times (-2)^0 + S_1 \times (-2)^1 + ... + S_k \times (-2)^k = N.

It can be proved that, for any integer M, the base -2 representation of M is uniquely determined.

Constraints

Every value in input is integer.

-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the base -2 representation of N.

Sample Input 1

-9

Sample Output 1

1011

As (-2)^0 + (-2)^1 + (-2)^3 = 1 + (-2) + (-8) = -9, 1011 is the base -2 representation of -9.

Sample Input 2

123456789

Sample Output 2

11000101011001101110100010101

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[macro_use]
mod input {

use std;
use std::io;

const SPLIT_DELIMITER: char = ' ';

#[macro_export]
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input {
    ( $($x:expr ),*) => {
        {
            let temp_str = input_line_str();
            let mut split_result_iter = temp_str.split_whitespace();
                $(
                let buf_split_result = split_result_iter.next();
                let buf_split_result = buf_split_result.unwrap();
                    ($x) = buf_split_result.parse().unwrap();
                )*
        }
    };
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn input_line_str() -> String {
    let mut s = String::new();
    io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
    s.trim().to_string()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn p<T>(t: T)
where
    T: std::fmt::Display,
{
    println!("{}", t);
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn input_vector2d<T>(line: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>>
where
    T: std::str::FromStr,
{
    let mut v: Vec<Vec<T>> = Vec::new();

    for _ in 0..line {
        let vec_line = input_vector();
        v.push(vec_line);
    }
    v
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn input_vector<T>() -> Vec<T>
where
    T: std::str::FromStr,
{
    let mut v: Vec<T> = Vec::new();

    let s = input_line_str();
    let split_result = s.split(SPLIT_DELIMITER);
    for z in split_result {
        let buf = match z.parse() {
            Ok(r) => r,
            Err(_) => panic!("Parse Error"),
        };
        v.push(buf);
    }
    v
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn str2vec(s: &str) -> Vec<char> {
    let mut v: Vec<char> = Vec::new();
    for c in s.chars() {
        v.push(c);
    }
    v
}
}

use input::*;

fn main() {
    let mut v = vec![];
    let mut n: isize;
    input!(n);

    if n == 0 {
        p(0);
        return;
    }

    while n != 1 {
        if n > 0 {
            if n % 2 == 0 {
                v.push(0);
            } else {
                v.push(1);
            }
            n /= -2;
        } else {
            if n % 2 == 0 {
                v.push(0);
                n /= -2;
            } else {
                v.push(1);
                n = (n - 1) / -2;
            }
        }
    }
    v.push(1);
    for z in v.iter().rev() {
        print!("{}", z);
    }
    println!("");
}