Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T {
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).ok();
    s.trim().parse().ok().unwrap()
}

fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
    read::<String>()
        .split_whitespace()
        .map(|e| e.parse().ok().unwrap())
        .collect()
}

fn read_vec2<T: std::str::FromStr>(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>> {
    (0..n).map(|_| read_vec()).collect()
}

fn read_col<T: std::str::FromStr>(n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
    (0..n).map(|_| read()).collect()
}

fn not(b: bool) -> bool {
    if b {
        false
    } else {
        true
    }
}

fn fact(n: u64) -> u64 {
    if n == 0 {
        1
    } else {
        (n * fact(n - 1)) % 1000000007
    }
}

fn main() {
    let n: u64 = read();
    println!("{}", (n * (n - 1)) / 2);
}