Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input {
    ( $($t:ty),* ) => {{
        let mut s = String::new();
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s);
        let mut splits = s.trim().split_whitespace();
        ($( { splits.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap() },)*)
    }}
}

#[allow(unused_must_use)]
#[allow(unused_variables)]
fn solve() {
    let (n, ) = input!(u64);

    let an = 1..(n+1);
    // let pn = an.clone().skip(1).chain(1..2);
    // let z = an.clone().zip(pn)
    //             .map(|(a, p)| a % p);
    let ans: u64 = an.sum();

    println!("{}", ans - n);
}

fn main() {
    solve();
}