Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

A positive integer X is said to be a lunlun number if and only if the following condition is satisfied:

In the base ten representation of X (without leading zeros), for every pair of two adjacent digits, the absolute difference of those digits is at most 1.

For example, 1234, 1, and 334 are lunlun numbers, while none of 31415, 119, or 13579 is.

You are given a positive integer K. Find the K-th smallest lunlun number.

Constraints

1 \leq K \leq 10^5

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

K

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

15

Sample Output 1

23

We will list the 15 smallest lunlun numbers in ascending order:

1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
12,
21,
22,
23.

Thus, the answer is 23.

Sample Input 2

1

Sample Output 2

1

Sample Input 3

13

Sample Output 3

21

Sample Input 4

100000

Sample Output 4

3234566667

Note that the answer may not fit into the 32-bit signed integer type.

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(dead_code)]
use crate::misc::base_signed;
use crate::scanner::Scanner;
use itertools::Itertools;
use std::cmp::Reverse;
use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, HashSet};
fn main() {
    let mut scan = Scanner::new();
    let k = scan.read::<usize>();
    let mut que = BinaryHeap::new();
    for i in 1..=9i64 {
        que.push(Reverse(i));
    }
    let mut used = HashSet::new();
    let mut cnt = 1;
    while let Some(Reverse(item)) = que.pop() {
        if used.contains(&item) {
            continue;
        }
        used.insert(item);
        if cnt == k {
            println!("{}", item);
            return;
        }
        cnt += 1;
        let istr = format!("{}", item).chars().collect_vec();
        let head = base_signed(istr[0], '0');
        let last = base_signed(istr[istr.len() - 1], '0');
        let mut next = HashSet::new();
        next.insert(format!("{}{}", head, item).parse::<i64>().unwrap());
        next.insert(format!("{}{}", item, last).parse::<i64>().unwrap());
        if head != 1 {
            next.insert(format!("{}{}", head - 1, item).parse::<i64>().unwrap());
        }
        if head != 9 {
            next.insert(format!("{}{}", head + 1, item).parse::<i64>().unwrap());
        }
        if last != 0 {
            next.insert(format!("{}{}", item, last - 1).parse::<i64>().unwrap());
        }
        if last != 9 {
            next.insert(format!("{}{}", item, last + 1).parse::<i64>().unwrap());
        }
        for ne in next.difference(&used) {
            que.push(Reverse(*ne));
        }
    }
}
mod tiny_num_traits {
    pub trait ZeroOne {
        fn zero() -> Self;
        fn one() -> Self;
    }
    macro_rules! impl_zero_one {
        ( $ tpe : ident ) => {
            impl ZeroOne for $tpe {
                fn zero() -> Self {
                    0
                }
                fn one() -> Self {
                    1
                }
            }
        };
    }
    impl_zero_one!(i64);
    impl_zero_one!(i32);
    impl_zero_one!(usize);
}
mod scanner {
    use std::io::{stdin, BufReader, Bytes, Read, Stdin};
    use std::str::FromStr;
    pub struct Scanner {
        buf: Bytes<BufReader<Stdin>>,
    }
    impl Scanner {
        pub fn new() -> Scanner {
            Scanner {
                buf: BufReader::new(stdin()).bytes(),
            }
        }
        pub fn read_next<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
            let token = self
                .buf
                .by_ref()
                .map(|c| c.unwrap() as char)
                .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace())
                .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
                .collect::<String>();
            token.parse::<T>().ok()
        }
        pub fn read<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
            self.read_next().unwrap()
        }
        pub fn readn<T: FromStr>(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.read::<T>()).collect()
        }
        pub fn chars(&mut self) -> Vec<char> {
            self.read::<String>().chars().collect()
        }
    }
}
mod misc {
    use crate::tiny_num_traits::ZeroOne;
    use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap};
    use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Sub};
    pub const CONST_1E9_7: i64 = 1_000_000_007;
    pub fn arr<'a, S, T>(n: usize, mut f: S) -> Vec<T>
    where
        S: FnMut() -> T + 'a,
    {
        (0..n).map(|_| f()).collect::<Vec<T>>()
    }
    pub fn adjacent4(
        y: usize,
        x: usize,
        h: usize,
        w: usize,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, usize)> {
        const DYDX: [(isize, isize); 4] = [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)];
        DYDX.iter().filter_map(move |&(dy, dx)| {
            let ny = y as isize + dy;
            let nx = x as isize + dx;
            if nx >= 0 && nx < w as isize && ny >= 0 && ny < h as isize {
                Some((ny as usize, nx as usize))
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
    }
    pub fn adjacent8(
        y: usize,
        x: usize,
        h: usize,
        w: usize,
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, usize)> {
        const DYDX: [(isize, isize); 8] = [
            (-1, 0),
            (1, 0),
            (0, -1),
            (0, 1),
            (-1, -1),
            (-1, 1),
            (1, -1),
            (1, 1),
        ];
        DYDX.iter().filter_map(move |&(dy, dx)| {
            let ny = y as isize + dy;
            let nx = x as isize + dx;
            if nx >= 0 && nx < w as isize && ny >= 0 && ny < h as isize {
                Some((ny as usize, nx as usize))
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
    }
    pub fn run_length_encoding<T: Clone + PartialEq>(slice: &[T]) -> Vec<(i64, T)> {
        if slice.len() == 0 {
            return vec![];
        }
        let mut acc = vec![];
        let mut current = slice[0].clone();
        let mut cnt = 1i64;
        for i in 1..slice.len() {
            if current != slice[i] {
                acc.push((cnt, current));
                cnt = 0;
            }
            current = slice[i].clone();
            cnt += 1;
        }
        acc.push((cnt, current));
        acc
    }
    pub fn count<T: Eq + std::hash::Hash + Clone>(
        slice: &[T],
    ) -> std::collections::HashMap<T, usize> {
        let mut hmap = std::collections::HashMap::new();
        for item in slice {
            *hmap.entry(item.clone()).or_insert(0) += 1;
        }
        hmap
    }
    pub fn indices_by_elem<T: Eq + std::hash::Hash + Clone>(
        slice: &[T],
    ) -> std::collections::HashMap<T, Vec<usize>> {
        let mut hmap = std::collections::HashMap::new();
        for i in 0..slice.len() {
            hmap.entry(slice[i].clone()).or_insert(vec![]).push(i);
        }
        hmap
    }
    pub fn combine<S: Clone, T: Clone, U: std::iter::FromIterator<(S, T)>>(
        left: &[S],
        right: &[T],
    ) -> U {
        let mut ret = vec![];
        for i in 0..left.len() {
            for j in 0..right.len() {
                ret.push((left[i].clone(), right[j].clone()));
            }
        }
        ret.into_iter().collect::<U>()
    }
    pub fn uncount<T: Clone + Eq + std::hash::Hash>(
        hmap: &std::collections::HashMap<T, usize>,
    ) -> Vec<T> {
        hmap.iter()
            .map(|(k, v)| vec![k.clone(); *v])
            .flatten()
            .collect()
    }
    pub fn max_with_index<T: Ord>(slice: &[T]) -> (usize, &T) {
        let mut value: Option<&T> = None;
        let mut index = 0;
        for i in 0..slice.len() {
            if let Some(v) = value {
                if v < &slice[i] {
                    index = i;
                    value = Some(&slice[i]);
                }
            } else {
                index = i;
                value = Some(&slice[i]);
            }
        }
        (index, value.expect("not found max value"))
    }
    pub fn min_with_index<T: Ord>(slice: &[T]) -> (usize, &T) {
        let mut value: Option<&T> = None;
        let mut index = 0;
        for i in 0..slice.len() {
            if let Some(v) = value {
                if v > &slice[i] {
                    index = i;
                    value = Some(&slice[i]);
                }
            } else {
                index = i;
                value = Some(&slice[i]);
            }
        }
        (index, value.expect("not found min value"))
    }
    pub fn split<T: PartialEq + Clone>(slice: &[T], sep: T) -> Vec<Vec<T>> {
        slice.iter().fold(vec![vec![]], |mut acc, x| {
            if x == &sep {
                acc.push(vec![]);
                acc
            } else {
                let last = acc.len() - 1;
                acc[last].push(x.clone());
                acc
            }
        })
    }
    pub fn join<T: std::fmt::Display>(slice: &[T], sep: &str) -> String {
        let strings = slice.iter().map(|t| format!("{}", t)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
        strings.join(sep)
    }
    pub fn coord_comp(slice: &[i64]) -> (Vec<i64>, HashMap<i64, usize>) {
        let mut set = BTreeSet::new();
        for &item in slice {
            set.insert(item);
        }
        let mut hmap = HashMap::new();
        for (i, &v) in set.iter().enumerate() {
            hmap.insert(v, i);
        }
        (set.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), hmap)
    }
    pub fn shakutori(n: usize, k: i64, a: &[i64]) -> usize {
        let mut sum = 0;
        let mut right = 0;
        let mut ret = 0;
        for left in 0..n {
            while right < n && sum <= k {
                sum += a[right];
                right += 1;
            }
            ret += right - left;
            if right == left {
                right += 1;
            } else {
                sum -= a[left];
            }
        }
        ret
    }
    pub fn inverse(a: &[usize], n: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
        let mut inv = vec![0; n];
        for i in 0..a.len() {
            inv[a[i]] = i;
        }
        inv
    }
    pub fn pow(x: i64, y: i64) -> i64 {
        (x as f64).powi(y as i32) as i64
    }
    pub fn ceil_div<T: Copy + ZeroOne + Add<Output = T> + Sub<Output = T> + Div<Output = T>>(
        x: T,
        y: T,
    ) -> T {
        (x + y - T::one()) / y
    }
    pub fn ceil_mod<
        T: Copy + ZeroOne + Add<Output = T> + Sub<Output = T> + Mul<Output = T> + Div<Output = T>,
    >(
        x: T,
        y: T,
    ) -> T {
        ceil_div(x, y) * y
    }
    pub fn unzip<P: Clone, Q: Clone>(v: &[(P, Q)]) -> (Vec<P>, Vec<Q>) {
        (
            v.iter().map(|t| t.0.clone()).collect(),
            v.iter().map(|t| t.1.clone()).collect(),
        )
    }
    pub fn unzip3<P: Clone, Q: Clone, R: Clone>(v: &[(P, Q, R)]) -> (Vec<P>, Vec<Q>, Vec<R>) {
        (
            v.iter().map(|t| t.0.clone()).collect(),
            v.iter().map(|t| t.1.clone()).collect(),
            v.iter().map(|t| t.2.clone()).collect(),
        )
    }
    pub fn base(c: char, b: char) -> usize {
        c as usize - b as usize
    }
    pub fn base_signed(c: char, b: char) -> i64 {
        c as i64 - b as i64
    }
    pub fn is_palindrome<T: Clone + Eq>(chars: &[T]) -> bool {
        let s = chars.to_vec();
        let mut t = s.clone();
        t.reverse();
        (0..s.len()).filter(|&i| s[i] == t[i]).count() == s.len()
    }
}