Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

There are N apple trees in a row. People say that one of them will bear golden apples.

We want to deploy some number of inspectors so that each of these trees will be inspected.

Each inspector will be deployed under one of the trees. For convenience, we will assign numbers from 1 through N to the trees. An inspector deployed under the i-th tree (1 \leq i \leq N) will inspect the trees with numbers between i-D and i+D (inclusive).

Find the minimum number of inspectors that we need to deploy to achieve the objective.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 20

1 \leq D \leq 20

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N D

Output

Print the minimum number of inspectors that we need to deploy to achieve the objective.

Sample Input 1

6 2

Sample Output 1

2

We can achieve the objective by, for example, placing an inspector under Tree 3 and Tree 4.

Sample Input 2

14 3

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

20 4

Sample Output 3

3

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

// The main code is at the very bottom.

#[allow(unused_imports)]
#[macro_use]
pub mod spella {
  pub mod byte {
    pub use self::byte_char::*;
    pub use self::byte_str::*;
    pub use self::byte_string::*;
    pub use self::from_byte_str::*;

    mod byte_char {
      use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};

      #[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
      pub struct ByteChar(pub u8);

      impl Debug for ByteChar {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          write!(f, "b'{}'", self.0 as char)
        }
      }

      impl Display for ByteChar {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          write!(f, "{}", self.0 as char)
        }
      }
    }

    mod byte_str {
      use spella::byte::{ByteChar, ByteString};
      use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
      use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};

      #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
      pub struct ByteStr([ByteChar]);

      macro_rules! cast {
        (mut $x:expr, $($T:ty)=>*) => {
          unsafe { &mut *($x $(as *mut $T)*) }
        };
        ($x:expr, $($T:ty)=>*) => {
          unsafe { &*($x $(as *const $T)*) }
        };
      }

      impl ByteStr {
        pub fn from_bytes(s: &[u8]) -> &Self {
          cast!(s, [u8] => [ByteChar] => ByteStr)
        }

        pub fn from_bytes_mut(s: &mut [u8]) -> &mut Self {
          cast!(mut s, [u8] => [ByteChar] => ByteStr)
        }

        pub fn from_byte_chars(s: &[ByteChar]) -> &Self {
          cast!(s, [ByteChar] => ByteStr)
        }

        pub fn from_byte_chars_mut(s: &mut [ByteChar]) -> &mut Self {
          cast!(mut s, [ByteChar] => ByteStr)
        }

        pub fn as_byte_chars(&self) -> &[ByteChar] {
          &self.0
        }

        pub fn as_byte_chars_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [ByteChar] {
          &mut self.0
        }

        pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
          cast!(self, ByteStr => [ByteChar] => [u8])
        }

        pub fn as_bytes_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
          cast!(mut self, ByteStr => [ByteChar] => [u8])
        }
      }

      impl ToOwned for ByteStr {
        type Owned = ByteString;

        fn to_owned(&self) -> ByteString {
          ByteString::from(self.0.to_owned())
        }
      }

      impl Debug for ByteStr {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          write!(f, "b\"")?;

          for &c in &self.0 {
            write!(f, "{}", c)?;
          }

          write!(f, "\"")
        }
      }

      impl Display for ByteStr {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          for &c in &self.0 {
            write!(f, "{}", c)?;
          }

          Ok(())
        }
      }

      impl Deref for ByteStr {
        type Target = [ByteChar];

        fn deref(&self) -> &[ByteChar] {
          self.as_byte_chars()
        }
      }

      impl DerefMut for ByteStr {
        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [ByteChar] {
          self.as_byte_chars_mut()
        }
      }
    }

    mod byte_string {
      use spella::byte::{ByteChar, ByteStr};

      use std::borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut};
      use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
      use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};

      #[derive(Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
      pub struct ByteString(Vec<ByteChar>);

      impl ByteString {
        pub fn into_byte_chars(self) -> Vec<ByteChar> {
          self.0
        }

        pub fn as_byte_str(&self) -> &ByteStr {
          ByteStr::from_byte_chars(&self.0)
        }

        pub fn as_mut_byte_str(&mut self) -> &mut ByteStr {
          ByteStr::from_byte_chars_mut(&mut self.0)
        }
      }

      impl From<Vec<ByteChar>> for ByteString {
        fn from(s: Vec<ByteChar>) -> ByteString {
          ByteString(s)
        }
      }

      impl Borrow<ByteStr> for ByteString {
        fn borrow(&self) -> &ByteStr {
          self.as_byte_str()
        }
      }

      impl BorrowMut<ByteStr> for ByteString {
        fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ByteStr {
          self.as_mut_byte_str()
        }
      }

      impl Debug for ByteString {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          Debug::fmt(self.as_byte_str(), f)
        }
      }

      impl Display for ByteString {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          Display::fmt(self.as_byte_str(), f)
        }
      }

      impl Deref for ByteString {
        type Target = ByteStr;

        fn deref(&self) -> &ByteStr {
          ByteStr::from_byte_chars(&self.0)
        }
      }

      impl DerefMut for ByteString {
        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ByteStr {
          ByteStr::from_byte_chars_mut(&mut self.0)
        }
      }
    }

    mod from_byte_str {
      use spella::byte::{ByteChar, ByteStr, ByteString};

      use std::error::Error;
      use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
      use std::str::{self, FromStr, Utf8Error};

      pub trait FromByteStr: Sized {
        type Err;

        fn from_byte_str(s: &ByteStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>;
      }

      macro_rules! fn_description {
        () => {
          fn description(&self) -> &str {
            "description() is deprecated; use Display"
          }
        };
      }

      #[derive(Debug)]
      pub struct ParseByteCharError(ParseByteCharErrorKind);

      #[derive(Debug)]
      enum ParseByteCharErrorKind {
        EmptyByteStr,
        TooManyByteChars,
      }

      impl Display for ParseByteCharError {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          use self::ParseByteCharErrorKind::*;

          f.write_str(match self.0 {
            EmptyByteStr => "empty `ByteStr`",
            TooManyByteChars => "too many `ByteChar`s",
          })
        }
      }

      impl Error for ParseByteCharError {
        fn_description! {}
      }

      impl FromByteStr for ByteChar {
        type Err = ParseByteCharError;

        fn from_byte_str(s: &ByteStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
          use self::ParseByteCharErrorKind::*;

          match s.len() {
            1 => Ok(unsafe { *s.get_unchecked(0) }),
            0 => Err(ParseByteCharError(EmptyByteStr)),
            _ => Err(ParseByteCharError(TooManyByteChars)),
          }
        }
      }

      #[derive(Debug)]
      pub enum ParseByteStringError {}

      impl Display for ParseByteStringError {
        fn fmt(&self, _: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          match *self {}
        }
      }

      impl Error for ParseByteStringError {
        fn_description! {}
      }

      impl FromByteStr for ByteString {
        type Err = ParseByteStringError;

        fn from_byte_str(s: &ByteStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
          Ok(ByteString::from(s.to_vec()))
        }
      }

      pub struct ParseFromStrError<T: FromStr>(ParseFromStrErrorKind<T>);

      enum ParseFromStrErrorKind<T: FromStr> {
        Utf8Error(Utf8Error),
        FromStrError(T::Err),
      }

      impl<T: FromStr> Debug for ParseFromStrError<T>
      where
        T::Err: Debug,
      {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          use self::ParseFromStrErrorKind::*;

          match self.0 {
            Utf8Error(ref err) => f.debug_tuple("Utf8Error").field(err).finish(),
            FromStrError(ref err) => f.debug_tuple("FromStrError").field(err).finish(),
          }
        }
      }

      impl<T: FromStr> Display for ParseFromStrError<T>
      where
        T::Err: Display,
      {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
          use self::ParseFromStrErrorKind::*;

          match self.0 {
            Utf8Error(ref err) => write!(f, "{}", err),
            FromStrError(ref err) => write!(f, "{}", err),
          }
        }
      }

      impl<T: FromStr> Error for ParseFromStrError<T>
      where
        T::Err: Debug + Display,
      {
        fn_description! {}
      }

      impl<T: FromStr> FromByteStr for T {
        type Err = ParseFromStrError<T>;

        fn from_byte_str(s: &ByteStr) -> Result<T, Self::Err> {
          use self::ParseFromStrErrorKind::*;

          str::from_utf8(s.as_bytes())
            .map_err(|e| ParseFromStrError(Utf8Error(e)))
            .and_then(|s| s.parse().map_err(|e| ParseFromStrError(FromStrError(e))))
        }
      }
    }
  }

  pub mod io {
    pub use self::scanner::*;

    mod scanner {
      use spella::byte::{ByteStr, FromByteStr};

      use std::io::{self, BufRead};

      #[derive(Debug)]
      pub struct Scanner<R> {
        reader: R,
        buf: Vec<u8>,
        pos: usize,
      }

      const INITIAL_CAPACITY: usize = 32;

      impl<R: BufRead> Scanner<R> {
        pub fn new(reader: R) -> Self {
          Scanner {
            reader: reader,
            buf: Vec::with_capacity(INITIAL_CAPACITY),
            pos: 0,
          }
        }

        pub fn next<T: FromByteStr>(&mut self) -> io::Result<Result<T, T::Err>> {
          self.next_byte_str().map(T::from_byte_str)
        }

        pub fn next_byte_str(&mut self) -> io::Result<&ByteStr> {
          if self.buf.is_empty() {
            self.read_line()?;
          }

          loop {
            match self.buf.get(self.pos) {
              Some(&b' ') => self.pos += 1,
              Some(&b'\n') => self.read_line()?,
              Some(_) => break,
              None => return Err(io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof)),
            }
          }

          let start = self.pos;
          self.pos += 1;

          loop {
            match self.buf.get(self.pos) {
              Some(&b' ') | Some(&b'\n') | None => break,
              Some(_) => self.pos += 1,
            }
          }

          Ok(ByteStr::from_bytes(&self.buf[start..self.pos]))
        }

        fn read_line(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
          self.buf.clear();
          self.pos = 0;
          self.reader.read_until(b'\n', &mut self.buf)?;

          Ok(())
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

mod prelude {
  pub use spella::byte::{ByteChar, ByteStr, ByteString};
  pub use std::collections::*;
  pub use std::io::prelude::*;
  pub use std::iter::FromIterator;
  pub use std::marker::PhantomData;
  pub use std::num::Wrapping;
  pub use std::ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeTo};
  pub use std::{cell, cmp, f64, i32, i64, isize, iter, mem, rc, str, time, u32, u64, usize};
}

use prelude::*;

const CUSTOM_STACK_SIZE_MEBIBYTES: Option<usize> = None;

fn main() {
  fn exec_solver() {
    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
    let stdout = std::io::stdout();
    #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
    let mut writer = std::io::BufWriter::new(stdout.lock());
    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    let mut writer = stdout.lock();
    solve(stdin.lock(), &mut writer);
    writer.flush().unwrap();
  }

  if let Some(stack_size_mebibytes) = CUSTOM_STACK_SIZE_MEBIBYTES {
    std::thread::Builder::new()
      .name("exec_solver".to_owned())
      .stack_size(stack_size_mebibytes * 1024 * 1024)
      .spawn(exec_solver)
      .unwrap()
      .join()
      .unwrap();
  } else {
    exec_solver();
  }
}

fn solve<R: BufRead, W: Write>(reader: R, mut writer: W) {
  let mut _scanner = spella::io::Scanner::new(reader);

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! scan {
    ($T:ty) => {
      _scanner.next::<$T>().unwrap().unwrap()
    };
    ($($T:ty),+) => {
      ($(scan!($T)),+)
    };
    ($($T:ty),+; $n:expr $(; $m:expr)*) => {{
      (0..$n).map(|_| scan!($($T),+ $(; $m)*)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    }};
  }

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! scan_iter {
    ($($T:ty),+; $n:expr) => {
      (0..$n).map(|_| scan!($($T),+))
    };
  }

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! print {
    ($fmt:expr) => {
      write!(writer, $fmt).unwrap()
    };
    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
      write!(writer, $fmt, $($arg)*).unwrap()
    };
  }

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! println {
    ($fmt:expr) => {
      writeln!(writer, $fmt).unwrap()
    };
    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
      writeln!(writer, $fmt, $($arg)*).unwrap()
    };
  }

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! eprint {
    ($fmt:expr) => {
      #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
      write!(std::io::stderr(), $fmt).unwrap()
    };
    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
      #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
      write!(std::io::stderr(), $fmt, $($arg)*).unwrap()
    };
  }

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! eprintln {
    ($fmt:expr) => {
      #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
      writeln!(std::io::stderr(), $fmt).unwrap()
    };
    ($fmt:expr, $($arg:tt)*) => {
      #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
      writeln!(std::io::stderr(), $fmt, $($arg)*).unwrap()
    };
  }

  #[allow(unused_macros)]
  macro_rules! dbg {
    ($($x:expr),+) => {{
      eprintln!(concat!("[{}:{}] ", $(stringify!($x), " = {:?}; "),+), file!(), line!(), $($x),+);
    }};
  }

  let (n, d) = scan!(u64, u64);

  let ans = n / (d * 2 + 1) + if n % (d * 2 + 1) != 0 { 1 } else { 0 };
  println!("{}", ans);
}