Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You have a string A = A_1 A_2 ... A_n consisting of lowercase English letters.

You can choose any two indices i and j such that 1 \leq i \leq j \leq n and reverse substring A_i A_{i+1} ... A_j.

You can perform this operation at most once.

How many different strings can you obtain?

Constraints

1 \leq |A| \leq 200,000

A consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A

Output

Print the number of different strings you can obtain by reversing any substring in A at most once.

Sample Input 1

aatt

Sample Output 1

5

You can obtain aatt (don't do anything), atat (reverse A[2..3]), atta (reverse A[2..4]), ttaa (reverse A[1..4]) and taat (reverse A[1..3]).

Sample Input 2

xxxxxxxxxx

Sample Output 2

1

Whatever substring you reverse, you'll always get xxxxxxxxxx.

Sample Input 3

abracadabra

Sample Output 3

44

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(non_snake_case,unused_imports,dead_code)]
use std::io::Read;
use std::cmp::max;
use std::cmp::min;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::collections::BinaryHeap;

fn main() {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf).unwrap();
    let mut buf_it = buf.split_whitespace();
    let A = buf_it.next().unwrap().chars().collect::<Vec<_>>();

    let N = A.len();
    let mut cnt = HashMap::new();
    let mut ans = 1;

    cnt.insert(A[0],1);
    for i in 1..N{
        let n = *cnt.get(&A[i]).unwrap_or(&0);
        ans += i - n;
        cnt.insert(A[i],n+1);
    }
    println!("{}",ans);
}