Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi lives in another world. There are slimes (creatures) of 10000 colors in this world. Let us call these colors Color 1, 2, ..., 10000.

Takahashi has N slimes, and they are standing in a row from left to right. The color of the i-th slime from the left is a_i.
If two slimes of the same color are adjacent, they will start to combine themselves. Because Takahashi likes smaller slimes, he has decided to change the colors of some of the slimes with his magic.

Takahashi can change the color of one slime to any of the 10000 colors by one spell.
How many spells are required so that no slimes will start to combine themselves?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 100

1 \leq a_i \leq N

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum number of spells required.

Sample Input 1

5
1 1 2 2 2

Sample Output 1

2

For example, if we change the color of the second slime from the left to 4, and the color of the fourth slime to 5, the colors of the slimes will be 1, 4, 2, 5, 2, which satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

3
1 2 1

Sample Output 2

0

Although the colors of the first and third slimes are the same, they are not adjacent, so no spell is required.

Sample Input 3

5
1 1 1 1 1

Sample Output 3

2

For example, if we change the colors of the second and fourth slimes from the left to 2, the colors of the slimes will be 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, which satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 4

14
1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 2 3 4

Sample Output 4

4

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)


// ternary operation
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! _if {
  ($_test:expr, $_then:expr, $_else:expr) => {
    if $_test { $_then } else { $_else }
  };
  ($_test:expr, $_pat:pat, $_then:expr, $_else:expr) => {
    match $_test {
      $_pat => $_then,
      _     => $_else
    }
  };
}

use std::io::{ stdin, stdout, BufWriter, Write, BufReader };
use my::WriteWithDelim;

fn agc026_a() {
  let stdin = stdin();
  let mut reader = my::ByteReader::with_capacity(8, BufReader::new(stdin.lock()));

  let stdout = stdout();
  let mut writer = BufWriter::new(stdout.lock());
  let mut i2b = my::Int2Byte::with_capacity(8);

  let n = reader.read_uint_until_lf::<u32>();
  let mut prev = reader.read_uint_until_sp::<u32>();
  let mut ans = 0;
  let mut i = 0;

  while i < n - 1 {
    let x = reader.read_uint_until_sp::<u32>();
    if prev == x {
      prev = 0;
      ans += 1;
    } else {
      prev = x;
    }
    i += 1;
  }

  writer.write_lf(i2b.from_u32(ans));
  writer.flush().unwrap();
}

fn main() {
  agc026_a();
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------
mod my {
  #[allow(dead_code)]
  pub fn to_ascii_lowercase(mut b: u8) -> u8 {
    if b >= b'A' && b <= b'Z' {
      b += 0x20;
    }
    b
  }

  #[allow(dead_code)]
  pub fn to_ascii_uppercase(mut b: u8) -> u8 {
    if b >= b'a' && b <= b'z' {
      b -= 0x20;
    }
    b
  }

  #[allow(dead_code)]
  pub fn is_ascii_alphabetic(b: u8) -> bool {
    if b >= b'A' && b <= b'A' || b >= b'a' && b <= b'z' {
      return true;
    }
    false
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
  macro_rules! impl_Int2Byte_from_ty {
    (uint, $($name:ident => $_type:ty),*) => {$(
      #[allow(dead_code)]
      pub fn $name(&mut self, mut i: $_type) -> &[u8] {
        self.buf.clear();
        if i == 0 {
          self.buf.push(b'0');
          return self.buf.as_slice();
        }

        while i > 0 {
          self.buf.push((i % 10) as u8 + b'0');
          i /= 10;
        }
        self.buf.reverse();
        self.buf.as_slice()
      }
    )*};

    (int, $($name:ident => $_type:ty),*) => {$(
      #[allow(dead_code)]
      pub fn $name(&mut self, mut i: $_type) -> &[u8] {
        self.buf.clear();
        if i == 0 {
          self.buf.push(b'0');
          return self.buf.as_slice();
        }

        let mut negative = false;
        if i.is_negative() {
          negative = true;
          i = i.abs();
        }

        while i > 0 {
          self.buf.push((i % 10) as u8 + b'0');
          i /= 10;
        }
        if negative {
          self.buf.push(b'-');
        }
        self.buf.reverse();
        self.buf.as_slice()
      }
    )*};
  }

  #[derive(Debug)]
  pub struct Int2Byte {
    buf : Vec<u8>,
  }

  impl Int2Byte {
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn new() -> Self {
      Int2Byte {
        buf : Vec::new(),
      }
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn with_capacity(capa: usize) -> Self {
      Int2Byte {
        buf : Vec::with_capacity(capa),
      }
    }

    impl_Int2Byte_from_ty!(
      uint,
      from_usize => usize,
      from_u8    => u8,
      from_u16   => u16,
      from_u32   => u32,
      from_u64   => u64
    );

    impl_Int2Byte_from_ty!(
      int,
      from_isize => isize,
      from_i8    => i8,
      from_i16   => i16,
      from_i32   => i32,
      from_i64   => i64
    );
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
  use std::io::{ BufRead, BufWriter, Write };
  use std::fmt::Debug;
  use std::ops::{ Add, Sub, Mul, Neg };
  use std::str::{ self, FromStr };

  pub trait WriteWithDelim {
    fn write_delim(&mut self, buf: &[u8], delim: &[u8]) -> usize;
    fn write_sp(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> usize;
    fn write_lf(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> usize;
  }

  impl<W> WriteWithDelim for BufWriter<W>
    where W: Write
  {
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn write_delim(&mut self, buf: &[u8], delim: &[u8]) -> usize
    {
      self.write(buf).unwrap() +
      self.write(delim).unwrap()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn write_sp(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> usize
    {
      self.write_delim(buf, b" ")
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    fn write_lf(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> usize
    {
      self.write_delim(buf, b"\n")
    }
  }

  //----------------------------------------------------------------------
  const SP: u8 = b' ';
  const LF: u8 = b'\n';

  #[allow(dead_code)]
  #[derive(Debug)]
  pub enum Direction {
    Horizontal,
    Vertical
  }

  #[derive(Debug)]
  pub struct ByteReader<R> {
    reader : R,
    buf    : Vec<u8>,
  }

  impl<R> ByteReader<R>
    where R: BufRead
  {
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn new(reader: R) -> Self {
      ByteReader {
        reader : reader,
        buf    : Vec::new(),
      }
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn with_capacity(capa: usize, reader: R) -> Self {
      ByteReader {
        reader : reader,
        buf    : Vec::with_capacity(capa),
      }
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_1byte(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
      self.buf.resize(1, 0);
      _if!(self.reader.read(&mut self.buf).unwrap() != 0,
        Some(self.buf[0]),
        None)
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    fn read_until(&mut self, delim: u8) -> usize {
      self.buf.clear();
      self.reader.read_until(delim, &mut self.buf).unwrap()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_until_lf(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
      self.read_until(LF);
      self.buf.as_slice()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_until_lf_clone(&mut self) -> Vec<u8> {
      self.read_until(LF);
      let len = self.buf.len() - 1;
      if self.buf[len] == LF {
        self.buf.truncate(len);
      }
      self.buf.clone()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_until_sp(&mut self) -> &[u8] {
      self.read_until(SP);
      self.buf.as_slice()
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    fn parse_int<T>(&self) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Neg<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let len = self.buf.len();
      let mut i = 0;
      let mut n = T::default();
      let mut minus = false;

      if self.buf[i] == b'-' {
        minus = true;
        i += 1;
      } else if self.buf[i] == b'+' {
        i += 1;
      }

      while i < len && b'0' <= self.buf[i] && self.buf[i] <= b'9' {
        n = (n * T::from(10)) + T::from(self.buf[i] - b'0');
        i += 1;
      }

      _if!(minus,
        n.neg(),
        n)
    }

    fn parse_uint<T>(&self) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let len = self.buf.len();
      let mut i = 0;
      let mut n = T::default();

      if self.buf[i] == b'+' {
        i += 1;
      }

      while i < len && b'0' <= self.buf[i] && self.buf[i] <= b'9' {
        n = (n * T::from(10)) + T::from(self.buf[i] - b'0');
        i += 1;
      }
      n
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_int_until_delim<T>(&mut self, delim: u8) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Neg<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      self.read_until(delim);
      self.parse_int()
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_int_until_lf<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Neg<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      self.read_int_until_delim(LF)
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_int_until_sp<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Neg<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      self.read_int_until_delim(SP)
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_uint_until_delim<T>(&mut self, delim: u8) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      self.read_until(delim);
      self.parse_uint()
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_uint_until_lf<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      self.read_uint_until_delim(LF)
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_uint_until_sp<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      self.read_uint_until_delim(SP)
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    fn from_utf8_unchecked(&mut self) -> &str {
      unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.buf) }
    }

    fn parse_tok<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: FromStr + Debug,
            <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug
    {
      self.from_utf8_unchecked()
        .trim()
        .parse()
        .unwrap()
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn parse_until_delim<T>(&mut self, delim: u8) -> T
      where T: FromStr + Debug,
            <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug
    {
      self.read_until(delim);
      self.parse_tok()
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn parse_until_lf<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: FromStr + Debug,
            <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug
    {
      self.parse_until_delim(LF)
    }

    // s -> n
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn parse_until_sp<T>(&mut self) -> T
      where T: FromStr + Debug,
            <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug
    {
      self.parse_until_delim(SP)
    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_int_vec<T>(&mut self, n: usize, dir: Direction) -> Vec<T>
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Neg<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let delim = _if!(dir, Direction::Horizontal, SP, LF);
      let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(n);
      for _ in 0..n {
        vec.push(self.read_int_until_delim(delim));
      }
      vec
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_uint_vec<T>(&mut self, n: usize, dir: Direction) -> Vec<T>
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let delim = _if!(dir, Direction::Horizontal, SP, LF);
      let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(n);
      for _ in 0..n - 1 {
        vec.push(self.read_uint_until_delim(delim));
      }
      vec.push(self.read_uint_until_delim(LF));
      vec
    }

    // horizontal
    //
    // N
    // s1 s2 s3, ..., sN -> [n1, n2, n3, ..., nN]
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_int_vec_h<T>(&mut self) -> Vec<T>
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Neg<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let n: usize = self.read_uint_until_lf();
      self.read_int_vec(n, Direction::Horizontal)
    }

    // horizontal
    //
    // N
    // s1 s2 s3, ..., sN -> [n1, n2, n3, ..., nN]
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_uint_vec_h<T>(&mut self) -> Vec<T>
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let n: usize = self.read_uint_until_lf();
      self.read_uint_vec(n, Direction::Horizontal)
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn read_uint_vec2<T>(&mut self, n: usize, m: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>>
      where T: Add<Output=T> +
               Sub<Output=T> +
               Mul<Output=T> +
               Default +
               From<u8> +
               Debug
    {
      let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(n);
      for _ in 0..n {
        vec.push(self.read_uint_vec(m, Direction::Horizontal));
      }
      vec
    }

  } // impl<R> ByteReader<R>

} // mod my