Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There are N cells arranged in a row, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N from left to right.

Tak lives in these cells and is currently on Cell 1. He is trying to reach Cell N by using the procedure described below.

You are given an integer K that is less than or equal to 10, and K non-intersecting segments [L_1, R_1], [L_2, R_2], \ldots, [L_K, R_K].
Let S be the union of these K segments.
Here, the segment [l, r] denotes the set consisting of all integers i that satisfy l \leq i \leq r.

When you are on Cell i, pick an integer d from S and move to Cell i + d. You cannot move out of the cells.

To help Tak, find the number of ways to go to Cell N, modulo 998244353.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

1 \leq K \leq \min(N, 10)

1 \leq L_i \leq R_i \leq N

[L_i, R_i] and [L_j, R_j] do not intersect (i \neq j)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
L_1 R_1
L_2 R_2
:
L_K R_K

Output

Print the number of ways for Tak to go from Cell 1 to Cell N, modulo 998244353.

Sample Input 1

5 2
1 1
3 4

Sample Output 1

4

The set S is the union of the segment [1, 1] and the segment [3, 4], therefore S = \{ 1, 3, 4 \} holds.

There are 4 possible ways to get to Cell 5:

1 \to 2 \to 3 \to 4 \to 5,

1 \to 2 \to 5,

1 \to 4 \to 5 and

1 \to 5.

Sample Input 2

5 2
3 3
5 5

Sample Output 2

0

Because S = \{ 3, 5 \} holds, you cannot reach to Cell 5.
Print 0.

Sample Input 3

5 1
1 2

Sample Output 3

5

Sample Input 4

60 3
5 8
1 3
10 15

Sample Output 4

221823067

Note that you have to print the answer modulo 998244353.

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
use std::collections::*;
use std::io::Write;
use std::ops::Bound::*;

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! debug {
    ($($e:expr),*) => {
        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
        $({
            let (e, mut err) = (stringify!($e), std::io::stderr());
            writeln!(err, "{} = {:?}", e, $e).unwrap()
        })*
    };
}

fn main() {
    let v = read_vec::<usize>();
    let (n, k) = (v[0], v[1]);
    let mut spans = vec![];
    for i in 0..k {
        let v = read_vec::<usize>();
        let (l, r) = (v[0], v[1]);
        spans.push((l, r));
    }
    let mut seg = SegTree::new(n, Modulo(0), |a, b| a + b);
    seg.update(0, Modulo(1));
    for i in 1..n {
        let mut temp = Modulo(0);
        for &(l, r) in &spans {
            if i < l {
                continue;
            }
            let span_begin = max(0, i as i64 - r as i64) as usize;
            let span_end = i - l;
            temp += seg.query(span_begin, span_end + 1);
        }
        seg.update(i, temp);
    }
    let ans = seg.query(n - 1, n);
    println!("{}", ans);
}

fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T {
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).ok();
    s.trim().parse().ok().unwrap()
}

fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
    read::<String>()
        .split_whitespace()
        .map(|e| e.parse().ok().unwrap())
        .collect()
}

#[derive(Clone)]
struct SegTree<T, F>
where
    F: Fn(T, T) -> T,
    T: std::clone::Clone + std::marker::Copy,
{
    n: usize,
    dat: Vec<T>,
    init: T,
    functor: F,
}

impl<T, F> SegTree<T, F>
where
    F: Fn(T, T) -> T,
    T: std::clone::Clone + std::marker::Copy,
{
    fn new(n: usize, init: T, f: F) -> SegTree<T, F> {
        let mut m = 1;
        // For simplicity, we use 2 ** n sized SegTree.
        while m < n {
            m *= 2;
        }
        SegTree {
            n: m,
            dat: vec![init; 2 * m - 1],
            init: init,
            functor: f,
        }
    }

    // dat[k] = a;
    fn update(&mut self, k: usize, a: T) {
        let mut k = k;
        k += self.n - 1;
        self.dat[k] = a;
        while k > 0 {
            k = (k - 1) / 2;
            self.dat[k] = (self.functor)(self.dat[k * 2 + 1], self.dat[k * 2 + 2]);
        }
    }

    // [a, b)
    fn query(&self, a: usize, b: usize) -> T {
        self.query_inner(a, b, 0, 0, self.n)
    }

    fn query_inner(&self, a: usize, b: usize, k: usize, l: usize, r: usize) -> T {
        if r <= a || b <= l {
            return self.init;
        }
        if a <= l && r <= b {
            return self.dat[k];
        }

        let vl = self.query_inner(a, b, k * 2 + 1, l, (l + r) / 2);
        let vr = self.query_inner(a, b, k * 2 + 2, (l + r) / 2, r);
        (self.functor)(vl, vr)
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
struct Modulo(i64);
static mut MODULUS: i64 = 998244353;
impl Modulo {
    fn set_modulus(m: i64) {
        unsafe {
            MODULUS = m;
        }
    }
    fn get_modulus() -> i64 {
        unsafe { MODULUS }
    }
    fn new(x: i64) -> Modulo {
        let m = Modulo::get_modulus();
        if x < 0 {
            Modulo(x % m + m)
        } else if x < m {
            Modulo(x)
        } else {
            Modulo(x % m)
        }
    }
    fn pow(self, p: i64) -> Modulo {
        if p == 0 {
            Modulo(1)
        } else {
            let mut t = self.pow(p / 2);
            t *= t;
            if p & 1 == 1 {
                t *= self;
            }
            t
        }
    }
    fn inv(self) -> Modulo {
        self.pow(Modulo::get_modulus() - 2)
    }
}
impl std::fmt::Display for Modulo {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        self.0.fmt(f)
    }
}
impl std::ops::AddAssign for Modulo {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Modulo) {
        let m = Modulo::get_modulus();
        self.0 += other.0;
        if self.0 >= m {
            self.0 -= m;
        }
    }
}
impl std::ops::MulAssign for Modulo {
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Modulo) {
        let m = Modulo::get_modulus();
        self.0 *= other.0;
        self.0 %= m;
    }
}
impl std::ops::SubAssign for Modulo {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Modulo) {
        let m = Modulo::get_modulus();
        self.0 += m - other.0;
        if self.0 >= m {
            self.0 -= m;
        }
    }
}
macro_rules! impl_modulo_ops {
    ($imp:ident, $method:ident, $assign_imp:ident, $assign_method:ident) => {
        impl<'a> std::ops::$assign_imp<&'a Modulo> for Modulo {
            fn $assign_method(&mut self, other: &'a Modulo) {
                std::ops::$assign_imp::$assign_method(self, *other);
            }
        }
        impl std::ops::$imp for Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: Modulo) -> Modulo {
                let mut x = self;
                std::ops::$assign_imp::$assign_method(&mut x, other);
                x
            }
        }
        impl<'a> std::ops::$imp<Modulo> for &'a Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: Modulo) -> Modulo {
                std::ops::$imp::$method(*self, other)
            }
        }
        impl<'a> std::ops::$imp<&'a Modulo> for Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: &'a Modulo) -> Modulo {
                std::ops::$imp::$method(self, *other)
            }
        }
        impl<'a, 'b> std::ops::$imp<&'b Modulo> for &'a Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: &'b Modulo) -> Modulo {
                std::ops::$imp::$method(*self, *other)
            }
        }
        impl std::ops::$assign_imp<i64> for Modulo {
            fn $assign_method(&mut self, other: i64) {
                std::ops::$assign_imp::$assign_method(self, Modulo::new(other));
            }
        }
        impl<'a> std::ops::$assign_imp<&'a i64> for Modulo {
            fn $assign_method(&mut self, other: &'a i64) {
                std::ops::$assign_imp::$assign_method(self, *other);
            }
        }
        impl std::ops::$imp<i64> for Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: i64) -> Modulo {
                let mut x = self;
                std::ops::$assign_imp::$assign_method(&mut x, other);
                x
            }
        }
        impl<'a> std::ops::$imp<&'a i64> for Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: &'a i64) -> Modulo {
                std::ops::$imp::$method(self, *other)
            }
        }
        impl<'a> std::ops::$imp<i64> for &'a Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: i64) -> Modulo {
                std::ops::$imp::$method(*self, other)
            }
        }
        impl<'a, 'b> std::ops::$imp<&'b i64> for &'a Modulo {
            type Output = Modulo;
            fn $method(self, other: &'b i64) -> Modulo {
                std::ops::$imp::$method(*self, *other)
            }
        }
    };
}
impl_modulo_ops!(Add, add, AddAssign, add_assign);
impl_modulo_ops!(Mul, mul, MulAssign, mul_assign);
impl_modulo_ops!(Sub, sub, SubAssign, sub_assign);

use std::iter::Sum;
impl Sum for Modulo {
    fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Self
    where
        I: Iterator<Item = Modulo>,
    {
        iter.fold(Modulo(0), |a, b| a + b)
    }
}

impl<'a> Sum<&'a Modulo> for Modulo {
    fn sum<I>(iter: I) -> Self
    where
        I: Iterator<Item = &'a Self>,
    {
        iter.fold(Modulo(0), |a, b| a + b)
    }
}