Problem:
Partition

Quick sort is based on the Divide-and-conquer approach. In QuickSort(A, p, r), first, a procedure Partition(A, p, r) divides an array A[p..r] into two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] such that each element of A[p..q-1] is less than or equal to A[q], which is, inturn, less than or equal to each element of A[q+1..r]. It also computes the index q.

In the conquer processes, the two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] are sorted by recursive calls of QuickSort(A, p, q-1) and QuickSort(A, q+1, r).

Your task is to read a sequence A and perform the Partition based on the following pseudocode:

Partition(A, p, r)
1 x = A[r]
2 i = p-1
3 for j = p to r-1
4 do if A[j] <= x
5 then i = i+1
6 exchange A[i] and A[j]
7 exchange A[i+1] and A[r]
8 return i+1

Note that, in this algorithm, Partition always selects an element A[r] as a pivot element around which to partition the array A[p..r].

Input

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of elements in the sequence A.

In the second line, Ai (i = 1,2,...,n), elements of the sequence are given separated by space characters.

Output

Print the sorted sequence. Two contiguous elements of the sequence should be separated by a space character. The element which is selected as the pivot of the partition should be indicated by [  ].

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100,000

0 ≤ Ai ≤ 100,000

Sample Input 1

12
13 19 9 5 12 8 7 4 21 2 6 11

Sample Output 1

9 5 8 7 4 2 6 [11] 21 13 19 12

Solution in Rust (judge verdict: Accepted)

/* #region template */
#![allow(unused_imports)]
use std::io::{stdin, stdout, Bytes, Read, Stdin, StdinLock, Stdout, StdoutLock, Write};
use std::mem::swap;
use std::str::FromStr;
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct Io<'a> {
    reader: Bytes<StdinLock<'a>>,
    writer: StdoutLock<'a>,
    in_buf: [u8; BUF_SIZE],
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
impl<'a> Io<'a> {
    fn new(stdin: &'a Stdin, stdout: &'a Stdout) -> Io<'a> {
        Io {
            reader: stdin.lock().bytes(),
            writer: stdout.lock(),
            in_buf: [0; BUF_SIZE],
        }
    }
    fn r<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
        let mut count = 0;
        loop {
            match self.reader.next() {
                Some(Ok(b' ')) | Some(Ok(b'\n')) => break,
                Some(Ok(c)) => self.in_buf[count] = c,
                _ => panic!(),
            }
            count += 1;
        }

        let s = unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.in_buf[0..count]) };
        s.parse().unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!())
    }
    fn ru(&mut self) -> usize {
        self.r()
    }
    fn iter<'b, T>(&'b mut self) -> IoIter<'a, 'b, T> {
        IoIter::new(self)
    }
    fn c<T: FromStr>(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
        self.iter().take(n).collect()
    }
    fn cu(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
        self.c(n)
    }
    fn w<T: std::fmt::Display>(&mut self, v: T) {
        writeln!(self.writer, "{}", v).unwrap();
    }
    fn wn<T: std::fmt::Display>(&mut self, v: T) {
        write!(self.writer, "{}", v).unwrap();
    }
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
struct IoIter<'a: 'b, 'b, T> {
    io: &'b mut Io<'a>,
    m: std::marker::PhantomData<T>,
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
impl<'a: 'b, 'b, T> IoIter<'a, 'b, T> {
    fn new(io: &'b mut Io<'a>) -> IoIter<'a, 'b, T> {
        IoIter {
            io,
            m: std::marker::PhantomData,
        }
    }
}
impl<'a, 'b, T: FromStr> Iterator for IoIter<'a, 'b, T> {
    type Item = T;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        Some(self.io.r())
    }
}
fn main() {
    let stdin = stdin();
    let stdout = stdout();
    let mut io = Io::new(&stdin, &stdout);
    unsafe {
        solve(&mut io);
    }
}
/* #endregion */

const BUF_SIZE: usize = 1024;

unsafe fn solve(io: &mut Io) {
    let n = io.ru();
    let mut a = io.c::<usize>(n);
    let r = a.len() - 1;
    let q = partition(&mut a, 0, r);

    io.wn(a[0]);
    for i in 1..q {
        io.wn(' ');
        io.wn(a[i]);
    }
    io.wn(" [");
    io.wn(a[q]);
    io.wn("]");
    for i in q + 1..n {
        io.wn(' ');
        io.wn(a[i]);
    }
    io.wn('\n');
}

fn partition(a: &mut [usize], p: usize, r: usize) -> usize {
    let x = a[r];
    let mut i = p;
    for j in p..r {
        if a[j] <= x {
            a.swap(i, j);
            i += 1;
        }
    }
    a.swap(i, r);
    i
}