Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

You are given a grid of N rows and M columns. The square at the i-th row and j-th column will be denoted as (i,j).
Some of the squares contain an object. All the remaining squares are empty.
The state of the grid is represented by strings S_1,S_2,\cdots,S_N. The square (i,j) contains an object if S_{i,j}= # and is empty if S_{i,j}= ..

Consider placing 1 \times 2 tiles on the grid. Tiles can be placed vertically or horizontally to cover two adjacent empty squares.
Tiles must not stick out of the grid, and no two different tiles may intersect. Tiles cannot occupy the square with an object.

Calculate the maximum number of tiles that can be placed and any configulation that acheives the maximum.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

1 \leq M \leq 100

S_i is a string with length M consists of # and ..

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
S_1
S_2
\vdots
S_N

Output

On the first line, print the maximum number of tiles that can be placed.

On the next N lines, print a configulation that achieves the maximum.
Precisely, output the strings t_1,t_2,\cdots,t_N constructed by the following way.

t_i is initialized to S_i.

For each (i,j), if there is a tile that occupies (i,j) and (i+1,j), change t_{i,j}:=v, t_{i+1,j}:=^.

For each (i,j), if there is a tile that occupies (i,j) and (i,j+1), change t_{i,j}:=>, t_{i,j+1}:=<.

See samples for further information.

You may print any configulation that maximizes the number of tiles.

Sample Input 1

3 3
#..
..#
...

Sample Output 1

3
#><
vv#
^^.

The following output is also treated as a correct answer.

3
#><
v.#
^><

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use proconio::input;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use proconio::marker::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::f64::consts::*;

#[allow(unused)]
const INF: usize = std::usize::MAX / 4;
#[allow(unused)]
const M: usize = 1000000007;

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! debug {
    ($($a:expr),* $(,)*) => {
        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
        eprintln!(concat!($("| ", stringify!($a), "={:?} "),*, "|"), $(&$a),*);
    };
}

fn main() {
    input! {
        n: usize,
        m: usize,
        mut s: [Chars; n],
    }

    let index = |i, j| i * m + j;
    let mut graph = MfGraph::new(n * m + 2);
    let mut edges = HashMap::new();
    for i in 0..n {
        for j in 1..m {
            if s[i][j] == '#' || s[i][j - 1] == '#' {
                continue;
            }
            if (i + j) % 2 == 0 {
                edges.insert(
                    graph.add_edge(index(i, j), index(i, j - 1), 1),
                    (i, j - 1, i, j),
                );
            } else {
                edges.insert(
                    graph.add_edge(index(i, j - 1), index(i, j), 1),
                    (i, j - 1, i, j),
                );
            }
        }
    }
    for i in 1..n {
        for j in 0..m {
            if s[i][j] == '#' || s[i - 1][j] == '#' {
                continue;
            }
            if (i + j) % 2 == 0 {
                edges.insert(
                    graph.add_edge(index(i, j), index(i - 1, j), 1),
                    (i - 1, j, i, j),
                );
            } else {
                edges.insert(
                    graph.add_edge(index(i - 1, j), index(i, j), 1),
                    (i - 1, j, i, j),
                );
            }
        }
    }
    let source = n * m;
    let target = n * m + 1;
    for i in 0..n {
        for j in 0..m {
            if s[i][j] == '.' {
                if (i + j) % 2 == 0 {
                    graph.add_edge(source, index(i, j), 1);
                } else {
                    graph.add_edge(index(i, j), target, 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    println!("{}", graph.flow(source, target));
    for (k, e) in graph.edges().iter().enumerate() {
        debug!(k, e);
        if let Some(&(i1, j1, i2, j2)) = edges.get(&k) {
            if e.flow == 1 {
                if i1 == i2 {
                    s[i1][j1] = '>';
                    s[i2][j2] = '<';
                } else {
                    s[i1][j1] = 'v';
                    s[i2][j2] = '^';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for i in 0..n {
        println!("{}", s[i].iter().collect::<String>());
    }
}
//https://github.com/rust-lang-ja/ac-library-rs

pub mod internal_queue {
    #![allow(dead_code)]

    #[derive(Default)]
    pub(crate) struct SimpleQueue<T> {
        payload: Vec<T>,
        pos: usize,
    }

    impl<T> SimpleQueue<T> {
        pub(crate) fn reserve(&mut self, n: usize) {
            if n > self.payload.len() {
                self.payload.reserve(n - self.payload.len());
            }
        }

        pub(crate) fn size(&self) -> usize {
            self.payload.len() - self.pos
        }

        pub(crate) fn empty(&self) -> bool {
            self.pos == self.payload.len()
        }

        pub(crate) fn push(&mut self, t: T) {
            self.payload.push(t);
        }

        // Do we need mutable version?
        pub(crate) fn front(&self) -> Option<&T> {
            if self.pos < self.payload.len() {
                Some(&self.payload[self.pos])
            } else {
                None
            }
        }

        pub(crate) fn clear(&mut self) {
            self.payload.clear();
            self.pos = 0;
        }

        pub(crate) fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<&T> {
            if self.pos < self.payload.len() {
                self.pos += 1;
                Some(&self.payload[self.pos - 1])
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod test {
        use crate::internal_queue::SimpleQueue;

        #[allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
        #[test]
        fn test_simple_queue() {
            let mut queue = SimpleQueue::default();

            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 0);
            assert!(queue.empty());
            assert!(queue.front().is_none());
            assert!(queue.pop().is_none());

            queue.push(123);

            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 1);
            assert!(!queue.empty());
            assert_eq!(queue.front(), Some(&123));

            queue.push(456);

            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 2);
            assert!(!queue.empty());
            assert_eq!(queue.front(), Some(&123));

            assert_eq!(queue.pop(), Some(&123));
            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 1);
            assert!(!queue.empty());
            assert_eq!(queue.front(), Some(&456));

            queue.push(789);
            queue.push(789);
            queue.push(456);
            queue.push(456);

            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 5);
            assert!(!queue.empty());
            assert_eq!(queue.front(), Some(&456));

            assert_eq!(queue.pop(), Some(&456));
            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 4);
            assert!(!queue.empty());
            assert_eq!(queue.front(), Some(&789));

            queue.clear();

            assert_eq!(queue.size(), 0);
            assert!(queue.empty());
            assert!(queue.front().is_none());
            assert!(queue.pop().is_none());
        }
    }
}
pub mod internal_type_traits {
    use std::{
        fmt,
        iter::{Product, Sum},
        ops::{
            Add, AddAssign, BitAnd, BitAndAssign, BitOr, BitOrAssign, BitXor, BitXorAssign, Div,
            DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Not, Rem, RemAssign, Shl, ShlAssign, Shr, ShrAssign, Sub,
            SubAssign,
        },
    };

    // Skipped:
    //
    // - `is_signed_int_t<T>`   (probably won't be used directly in `modint.rs`)
    // - `is_unsigned_int_t<T>` (probably won't be used directly in `modint.rs`)
    // - `to_unsigned_t<T>`     (not used in `fenwicktree.rs`)

    /// Corresponds to `std::is_integral` in C++.
    // We will remove unnecessary bounds later.
    //
    // Maybe we should rename this to `PrimitiveInteger` or something, as it probably won't be used in the
    // same way as the original ACL.
    pub trait Integral:
        'static
        + Send
        + Sync
        + Copy
        + Ord
        + Not<Output = Self>
        + Add<Output = Self>
        + Sub<Output = Self>
        + Mul<Output = Self>
        + Div<Output = Self>
        + Rem<Output = Self>
        + AddAssign
        + SubAssign
        + MulAssign
        + DivAssign
        + RemAssign
        + Sum
        + Product
        + BitOr<Output = Self>
        + BitAnd<Output = Self>
        + BitXor<Output = Self>
        + BitOrAssign
        + BitAndAssign
        + BitXorAssign
        + Shl<Output = Self>
        + Shr<Output = Self>
        + ShlAssign
        + ShrAssign
        + fmt::Display
        + fmt::Debug
        + fmt::Binary
        + fmt::Octal
        + Zero
        + One
        + BoundedBelow
        + BoundedAbove
    {
    }

    /// Class that has additive identity element
    pub trait Zero {
        /// The additive identity element
        fn zero() -> Self;
    }

    /// Class that has multiplicative identity element
    pub trait One {
        /// The multiplicative identity element
        fn one() -> Self;
    }

    pub trait BoundedBelow {
        fn min_value() -> Self;
    }

    pub trait BoundedAbove {
        fn max_value() -> Self;
    }

    macro_rules! impl_integral {
    ($($ty:ty),*) => {
        $(
            impl Zero for $ty {
                #[inline]
                fn zero() -> Self {
                    0
                }
            }

            impl One for $ty {
                #[inline]
                fn one() -> Self {
                    1
                }
            }

            impl BoundedBelow for $ty {
                #[inline]
                fn min_value() -> Self {
                    Self::min_value()
                }
            }

            impl BoundedAbove for $ty {
                #[inline]
                fn max_value() -> Self {
                    Self::max_value()
                }
            }

            impl Integral for $ty {}
        )*
    };
}

    impl_integral!(i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize);
}
pub mod maxflow {
    #![allow(dead_code)]
    use crate::internal_queue::SimpleQueue;
    use crate::internal_type_traits::Integral;
    use std::cmp::min;
    use std::iter;

    impl<Cap> MfGraph<Cap>
    where
        Cap: Integral,
    {
        pub fn new(n: usize) -> MfGraph<Cap> {
            MfGraph {
                _n: n,
                pos: Vec::new(),
                g: iter::repeat_with(Vec::new).take(n).collect(),
            }
        }

        pub fn add_edge(&mut self, from: usize, to: usize, cap: Cap) -> usize {
            assert!(from < self._n);
            assert!(to < self._n);
            assert!(Cap::zero() <= cap);
            let m = self.pos.len();
            self.pos.push((from, self.g[from].len()));
            let rev = self.g[to].len() + if from == to { 1 } else { 0 };
            self.g[from].push(_Edge { to, rev, cap });
            let rev = self.g[from].len() - 1;
            self.g[to].push(_Edge {
                to: from,
                rev,
                cap: Cap::zero(),
            });
            m
        }
    }

    #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
    pub struct Edge<Cap: Integral> {
        pub from: usize,
        pub to: usize,
        pub cap: Cap,
        pub flow: Cap,
    }

    impl<Cap> MfGraph<Cap>
    where
        Cap: Integral,
    {
        pub fn get_edge(&self, i: usize) -> Edge<Cap> {
            let m = self.pos.len();
            assert!(i < m);
            let _e = &self.g[self.pos[i].0][self.pos[i].1];
            let _re = &self.g[_e.to][_e.rev];
            Edge {
                from: self.pos[i].0,
                to: _e.to,
                cap: _e.cap + _re.cap,
                flow: _re.cap,
            }
        }
        pub fn edges(&self) -> Vec<Edge<Cap>> {
            let m = self.pos.len();
            (0..m).map(|i| self.get_edge(i)).collect()
        }
        pub fn change_edge(&mut self, i: usize, new_cap: Cap, new_flow: Cap) {
            let m = self.pos.len();
            assert!(i < m);
            assert!(Cap::zero() <= new_flow && new_flow <= new_cap);
            let (to, rev) = {
                let _e = &mut self.g[self.pos[i].0][self.pos[i].1];
                _e.cap = new_cap - new_flow;
                (_e.to, _e.rev)
            };
            let _re = &mut self.g[to][rev];
            _re.cap = new_flow;
        }

        /// `s != t` must hold, otherwise it panics.
        pub fn flow(&mut self, s: usize, t: usize) -> Cap {
            self.flow_with_capacity(s, t, Cap::max_value())
        }
        /// # Parameters
        /// * `s != t` must hold, otherwise it panics.
        /// * `flow_limit >= 0`
        pub fn flow_with_capacity(&mut self, s: usize, t: usize, flow_limit: Cap) -> Cap {
            let n_ = self._n;
            assert!(s < n_);
            assert!(t < n_);
            // By the definition of max flow in appendix.html, this function should return 0
            // when the same vertices are provided.  On the other hand, it is reasonable to
            // return infinity-like value too, which is what the original implementation
            // (and this implementation without the following assertion) does.
            // Since either return value is confusing, we'd rather deny the parameters
            // of the two same vertices.
            // For more details, see https://github.com/rust-lang-ja/ac-library-rs/pull/24#discussion_r485343451
            // and https://github.com/atcoder/ac-library/issues/5 .
            assert_ne!(s, t);
            // Additional constraint
            assert!(Cap::zero() <= flow_limit);

            let mut calc = FlowCalculator {
                graph: self,
                s,
                t,
                flow_limit,
                level: vec![0; n_],
                iter: vec![0; n_],
                que: SimpleQueue::default(),
            };

            let mut flow = Cap::zero();
            while flow < flow_limit {
                calc.bfs();
                if calc.level[t] == -1 {
                    break;
                }
                calc.iter.iter_mut().for_each(|e| *e = 0);
                while flow < flow_limit {
                    let f = calc.dfs(t, flow_limit - flow);
                    if f == Cap::zero() {
                        break;
                    }
                    flow += f;
                }
            }
            flow
        }

        pub fn min_cut(&self, s: usize) -> Vec<bool> {
            let mut visited = vec![false; self._n];
            let mut que = SimpleQueue::default();
            que.push(s);
            while !que.empty() {
                let &p = que.front().unwrap();
                que.pop();
                visited[p] = true;
                for e in &self.g[p] {
                    if e.cap != Cap::zero() && !visited[e.to] {
                        visited[e.to] = true;
                        que.push(e.to);
                    }
                }
            }
            visited
        }
    }

    struct FlowCalculator<'a, Cap> {
        graph: &'a mut MfGraph<Cap>,
        s: usize,
        t: usize,
        flow_limit: Cap,
        level: Vec<i32>,
        iter: Vec<usize>,
        que: SimpleQueue<usize>,
    }

    impl<Cap> FlowCalculator<'_, Cap>
    where
        Cap: Integral,
    {
        fn bfs(&mut self) {
            self.level.iter_mut().for_each(|e| *e = -1);
            self.level[self.s] = 0;
            self.que.clear();
            self.que.push(self.s);
            while !self.que.empty() {
                let v = *self.que.front().unwrap();
                self.que.pop();
                for e in &self.graph.g[v] {
                    if e.cap == Cap::zero() || self.level[e.to] >= 0 {
                        continue;
                    }
                    self.level[e.to] = self.level[v] + 1;
                    if e.to == self.t {
                        return;
                    }
                    self.que.push(e.to);
                }
            }
        }
        fn dfs(&mut self, v: usize, up: Cap) -> Cap {
            if v == self.s {
                return up;
            }
            let mut res = Cap::zero();
            let level_v = self.level[v];
            for i in self.iter[v]..self.graph.g[v].len() {
                self.iter[v] = i;
                let &_Edge {
                    to: e_to,
                    rev: e_rev,
                    ..
                } = &self.graph.g[v][i];
                if level_v <= self.level[e_to] || self.graph.g[e_to][e_rev].cap == Cap::zero() {
                    continue;
                }
                let d = self.dfs(e_to, min(up - res, self.graph.g[e_to][e_rev].cap));
                if d <= Cap::zero() {
                    continue;
                }
                self.graph.g[v][i].cap += d;
                self.graph.g[e_to][e_rev].cap -= d;
                res += d;
                if res == up {
                    break;
                }
            }
            self.iter[v] = self.graph.g[v].len();
            res
        }
    }

    #[derive(Default)]
    pub struct MfGraph<Cap> {
        _n: usize,
        pos: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
        g: Vec<Vec<_Edge<Cap>>>,
    }

    struct _Edge<Cap> {
        to: usize,
        rev: usize,
        cap: Cap,
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod test {
        use crate::{Edge, MfGraph};

        #[test]
        fn test_max_flow_wikipedia() {
            // From https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Min_cut.png
            // Under CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
            let mut graph = MfGraph::new(6);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(0, 1, 3), 0);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(0, 2, 3), 1);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(1, 2, 2), 2);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(1, 3, 3), 3);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(2, 4, 2), 4);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(3, 4, 4), 5);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(3, 5, 2), 6);
            assert_eq!(graph.add_edge(4, 5, 3), 7);

            assert_eq!(graph.flow(0, 5), 5);

            let edges = graph.edges();
            {
                #[rustfmt::skip]
            assert_eq!(
                edges,
                vec![
                    Edge { from: 0, to: 1, cap: 3, flow: 3 },
                    Edge { from: 0, to: 2, cap: 3, flow: 2 },
                    Edge { from: 1, to: 2, cap: 2, flow: 0 },
                    Edge { from: 1, to: 3, cap: 3, flow: 3 },
                    Edge { from: 2, to: 4, cap: 2, flow: 2 },
                    Edge { from: 3, to: 4, cap: 4, flow: 1 },
                    Edge { from: 3, to: 5, cap: 2, flow: 2 },
                    Edge { from: 4, to: 5, cap: 3, flow: 3 },
                ]
            );
            }
            assert_eq!(
                graph.min_cut(0),
                vec![true, false, true, false, false, false]
            );
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_max_flow_wikipedia_multiple_edges() {
            // From https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Min_cut.png
            // Under CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en
            let mut graph = MfGraph::new(6);
            for &(u, v, c) in &[
                (0, 1, 3),
                (0, 2, 3),
                (1, 2, 2),
                (1, 3, 3),
                (2, 4, 2),
                (3, 4, 4),
                (3, 5, 2),
                (4, 5, 3),
            ] {
                for _ in 0..c {
                    graph.add_edge(u, v, 1);
                }
            }

            assert_eq!(graph.flow(0, 5), 5);
            assert_eq!(
                graph.min_cut(0),
                vec![true, false, true, false, false, false]
            );
        }

        #[test]
        #[allow(clippy::many_single_char_names)]
        fn test_max_flow_misawa() {
            // Originally by @MiSawa
            // From https://gist.github.com/MiSawa/47b1d99c372daffb6891662db1a2b686
            let n = 100;

            let mut graph = MfGraph::new((n + 1) * 2 + 5);
            let (s, a, b, c, t) = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4);
            graph.add_edge(s, a, 1);
            graph.add_edge(s, b, 2);
            graph.add_edge(b, a, 2);
            graph.add_edge(c, t, 2);
            for i in 0..n {
                let i = 2 * i + 5;
                for j in 0..2 {
                    for k in 2..4 {
                        graph.add_edge(i + j, i + k, 3);
                    }
                }
            }
            for j in 0..2 {
                graph.add_edge(a, 5 + j, 3);
                graph.add_edge(2 * n + 5 + j, c, 3);
            }

            assert_eq!(graph.flow(s, t), 2);
        }
    }
}
use maxflow::*;