Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

It is only six months until Christmas, and AtCoDeer the reindeer is now planning his travel to deliver gifts.

There are N houses along TopCoDeer street. The i-th house is located at coordinate a_i. He has decided to deliver gifts to all these houses.

Find the minimum distance to be traveled when AtCoDeer can start and end his travel at any positions.

Constraints

1 ≤ N ≤ 100

0 ≤ a_i ≤ 1000

a_i is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum distance to be traveled.

Sample Input 1

4
2 3 7 9

Sample Output 1

7

The travel distance of 7 can be achieved by starting at coordinate 9 and traveling straight to coordinate 2.

It is not possible to do with a travel distance of less than 7, and thus 7 is the minimum distance to be traveled.

Sample Input 2

8
3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6

Sample Output 2

8

There may be more than one house at a position.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn main() {
    let mut input_buffer = String::with_capacity(cpio::BUFFER_SIZE);
    let mut output_buffer = Vec::with_capacity(cpio::BUFFER_SIZE);
    unsafe {
        cpio::input::buf = &mut output_buffer;
        cpio::output::buf = &mut input_buffer;
    }
    std::thread::Builder::new()
        .stack_size(104_857_600)
        .spawn(solve)
        .unwrap()
        .join()
        .unwrap();
    cpio::output::flush();
}

#[macro_use]
#[allow(dead_code, non_upper_case_globals, unused_macros)]
mod cpio {
    pub const BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 8192;
    #[macro_use]
    pub mod output {
        pub const ENABLE_DUMP: bool = true;
        pub const PRECISION: usize = 10;
        pub static mut buf: *mut String = 0 as *mut String;

        macro_rules! p {
            ($x: expr) => {{
                $x.output();
                '\n'.output();
                unsafe {
                    if (*cpio::output::buf).len() > cpio::BUFFER_SIZE {
                        flush();
                    }
                }
            }};
            ($x: expr, $($y: expr),+) => {{
                $x.output();
                ' '.output();
                p!($($y),+);
            }};
        }

        macro_rules! pf {
            ($($x: expr),+) => {{
                p!($($x),+);
                flush();
            }};
        }

        macro_rules! d {
            ($($a: expr),+) => {
                if ENABLE_DUMP {
                    use std::io::*;
                    write!(stderr(), "{}:{}\t", file!(), line!()).unwrap();
                    d!(A $($a),+);
                    write!(stderr(), " = ").unwrap();
                    d!(B $($a),+);
                    write!(stderr(), "\n").unwrap();
                    stderr().flush().unwrap();
                }
            };
            (A $x: expr) => {
                write!(stderr(), "{}", stringify!($x)).unwrap();
            };
            (A $x: expr, $($y: expr),+) => {
                write!(stderr(), "{}, ", stringify!($x)).unwrap();
                d!(A $($y),+);
            };
            (B $x: expr) => {
                write!(stderr(), "{:?}", $x).unwrap();
            };
            (B $x: expr, $($y: expr),+) => {
                write!(stderr(), "{:?}, ", $x).unwrap();
                d!(B $($y),+);
            };
        }

        pub trait Output {
            fn output(&self);
        }

        macro_rules! output_normal {
            ($t: ty) => {
                impl Output for $t {
                    fn output(&self) {
                        unsafe {
                            use std::fmt::Write;
                            write!(&mut *buf, "{}", self).unwrap();
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
            ($t: ty, $($u: ty),+) => {
                output_normal!($t);
                output_normal!($($u),+);
            };
        }

        macro_rules! output_float {
            ($t: ty) => {
                impl Output for $t {
                    fn output(&self) {
                        unsafe {
                            use std::fmt::Write;
                            write!(&mut *buf, "{:.*}", PRECISION, self).unwrap();
                        }
                    }
                }
            };
            ($t: ty, $($u: ty),+) => {
                output_float!($t);
                output_float!($($u),+);
            };
        }

        pub fn flush() {
            unsafe {
                print!("{}", *buf);
                use std::io::*;
                stdout().flush().unwrap();
                (*buf).clear();
            }
        }

        output_normal!(u8, u16, u32, u64, usize, char);
        output_normal!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
        output_normal!(bool, &'static str, String);
        output_float!(f32, f64);
    }

    pub mod input {
        pub trait Input<T> {
            fn input() -> T;
        }

        macro_rules! input_primitive {
            ($t: ty) => {
                impl Input<$t> for $t {
                    fn input() -> $t {
                        get_word().expect("EOF?").parse()
                            .unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Parse error : {}", e))
                    }
                }
            };
            ($t: ty, $($u: ty),+) => {
                input_primitive!($t);
                input_primitive!($($u),+);
            };
        }

        macro_rules! input_tuple {
            ($($t: ident),*) => {
                impl< $($t: Input<$t>),* > Input< ( $($t),* ) > for ( $($t),* ) {
                    fn input() -> ( $($t),* ) {
                        ( $( $t::input()),* )
                    }
                }
            };
        }

        input_primitive!(u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
        input_primitive!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
        input_primitive!(bool, String);
        input_tuple!(A, B);
        input_tuple!(A, B, C);
        input_tuple!(A, B, C, D);

        pub fn get<T: Input<T>>() -> T {
            T::input()
        }

        pub fn get_vec<T: Input<T>>(n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
            (0..n).map(|_| get()).collect()
        }

        pub fn get_mat<T: Input<T>>(r: usize, c: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>> {
            (0..r).map(|_| get_vec(c)).collect()
        }

        pub fn get_vec_char() -> Vec<char> {
            get_word().unwrap().chars().collect()
        }

        pub fn get_mat_char(h: usize) -> Vec<Vec<char>> {
            (0..h).map(|_| get_vec_char()).collect()
        }

        pub fn get_line() -> String {
            get_line_wrapped().unwrap()
        }

        fn get_word() -> Option<String> {
            let mut res = String::with_capacity(18);
            while let Some(c) = get_u8() {
                let d = c as char;
                if !d.is_whitespace() {
                    res.push(d);
                } else if res.len() != 0 {
                    unget_u8(c);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if res.len() == 0 { None } else { Some(res) }
        }

        fn get_line_wrapped() -> Option<String> {
            let c = get_u8();
            if c.is_none() {
                return None;
            }
            let mut line = String::with_capacity(18);
            line.push(c.unwrap() as char);
            loop {
                let c = get_u8();
                if c.is_none() || c.unwrap() == b'\n' {
                    // コメントはC++等での仕様
                    // if c.is_some() {
                    //     self.unget_u8(b'\n');
                    // }
                    return Some(line);
                }
                line.push(c.unwrap() as char);
            }
        }

        pub fn has_next() -> bool {
            loop {
                let c = get_u8();
                if c.is_none() {
                    return false;
                }
                let c = c.unwrap();
                if !(c as char).is_whitespace() {
                    unget_u8(c);
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        pub static mut buf: *mut Vec<u8> = 0 as *mut Vec<u8>;

        fn get_u8() -> Option<u8> {
            unsafe {
                let b = &mut (*buf);
                use std::io::{stdin, Read};
                if let Some(c) = b.pop() {
                    Some(c as u8)
                } else {
                    b.resize(super::BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
                    match stdin().read(b) {
                        Ok(l) if l > 0 => {
                            b.truncate(l);
                            b.reverse();
                            b.pop()
                        }
                        _ => {
                            b.clear();
                            return None;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        fn unget_u8(c: u8) {
            unsafe { (*buf).push(c) }
        }
    }
}

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use cpio::input::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use cpio::output::*;

fn solve() {
    while has_next() {
        let n = get();
        let mut v = get_vec::<u32>(n);
        v.sort();
        p!(v[n-1] - v[0]);
    }
}