Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

We will define the median of a sequence b of length M, as follows:

Let b' be the sequence obtained by sorting b in non-decreasing order. Then, the value of the (M / 2 + 1)-th element of b' is the median of b. Here, / is integer division, rounding down.

For example, the median of (10, 30, 20) is 20; the median of (10, 30, 20, 40) is 30; the median of (10, 10, 10, 20, 30) is 10.

Snuke comes up with the following problem.

You are given a sequence a of length N.
For each pair (l, r) (1 \leq l \leq r \leq N), let m_{l, r} be the median of the contiguous subsequence (a_l, a_{l + 1}, ..., a_r) of a.
We will list m_{l, r} for all pairs (l, r) to create a new sequence m.
Find the median of m.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

a_i is an integer.

1 \leq a_i \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the median of m.

Sample Input 1

3
10 30 20

Sample Output 1

30

The median of each contiguous subsequence of a is as follows:

The median of (10) is 10.

The median of (30) is 30.

The median of (20) is 20.

The median of (10, 30) is 30.

The median of (30, 20) is 30.

The median of (10, 30, 20) is 20.

Thus, m = (10, 30, 20, 30, 30, 20) and the median of m is 30.

Sample Input 2

1
10

Sample Output 2

10

Sample Input 3

10
5 9 5 9 8 9 3 5 4 3

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::*;
use std::io::{Read, Write, BufWriter};
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn getline() -> String {
    let mut ret = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut ret).ok().unwrap();
    ret
}
fn get_word() -> String {
    let mut stdin = std::io::stdin();
    let mut u8b: [u8; 1] = [0];
    loop {
        let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::with_capacity(16);
        loop {
            let res = stdin.read(&mut u8b);
            if res.unwrap_or(0) == 0 || u8b[0] <= b' ' {
                break;
            } else {
                buf.push(u8b[0]);
            }
        }
        if buf.len() >= 1 {
            let ret = String::from_utf8(buf).unwrap();
            return ret;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Segment Tree. This data structure is useful for fast folding on intervals of an array
 * whose elements are elements of monoid I. Note that constructing this tree requires the identity
 * element of I and the operation of I.
 * Verified by: yukicoder No. 259 (http://yukicoder.me/submissions/100581)
 *              AGC015-E (http://agc015.contest.atcoder.jp/submissions/1461001)
 */
struct SegTree<I, BiOp> {
    n: usize,
    dat: Vec<I>,
    op: BiOp,
    e: I,
}

impl<I, BiOp> SegTree<I, BiOp>
    where BiOp: Fn(I, I) -> I,
          I: Copy {
    pub fn new(n_: usize, op: BiOp, e: I) -> Self {
        let mut n = 1;
        while n < n_ { n *= 2; } // n is a power of 2
        SegTree {n: n, dat: vec![e; 2 * n - 1], op: op, e: e}
    }
    /* ary[k] <- v */
    pub fn update(&mut self, idx: usize, v: I) {
        let mut k = idx + self.n - 1;
        self.dat[k] = v;
        while k > 0 {
            k = (k - 1) / 2;
            self.dat[k] = (self.op)(self.dat[2 * k + 1], self.dat[2 * k + 2]);
        }
    }
    /* [a, b) (note: half-inclusive)
     * http://proc-cpuinfo.fixstars.com/2017/07/optimize-segment-tree/ */
    pub fn query(&self, mut a: usize, mut b: usize) -> I {
        let mut left = self.e;
        let mut right = self.e;
        a += self.n - 1;
        b += self.n - 1;
        while a < b {
            if (a & 1) == 0 {
                left = (self.op)(left, self.dat[a]);
            }
            if (b & 1) == 0 {
                right = (self.op)(self.dat[b - 1], right);
            }
            a = a / 2;
            b = (b - 1) / 2;
        }
        (self.op)(left, right)
    }
}


#[allow(dead_code)]
fn get<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T { get_word().parse().ok().unwrap() }

fn solve() {
    let out = std::io::stdout();
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
    macro_rules! puts {
        ($format:expr) => (write!(out,$format).unwrap());
        ($format:expr, $($args:expr),+) => (write!(out,$format,$($args),*).unwrap())
    }
    let n = get();
    let a: Vec<i64> = (0 .. n).map(|_| get()).collect();
    let mut fail: i64 = 1 << 30;
    let mut pass: i64 = 0;
    let nn = n as i64;
    let threshold = (nn * (nn + 1) / 2 + 1) / 2;
    // Is median >= x hold?
    while fail - pass > 1 {
        let mid = (fail + pass) / 2;
        let mut b = vec![0; n];
        let mut acc = vec![0; n + 1];
        for i in 0 .. n {
            b[i] = if a[i] >= mid { 1 } else { -1 };
            acc[i + 1] = acc[i] + b[i];
        }
        let mut st = SegTree::new(2 * n + 1, |x, y| x + y, 0);
        let mut count = 0;
        for i in 0 .. n + 1 {
            let val = (acc[i] + n as i32) as usize;
            count += st.query(0, val + 1);
            let cc = st.query(val, val + 1);
            st.update(val, cc + 1);
        }
        if count >= threshold { pass = mid; }
        else { fail = mid; }
    }
    puts!("{}\n", pass);
    
}

fn main() {
    // In order to avoid potential stack overflow, spawn a new thread.
    let stack_size = 104_857_600; // 100 MB
    let thd = std::thread::Builder::new().stack_size(stack_size);
    thd.spawn(|| solve()).unwrap().join().unwrap();
}