Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

There are N dots in a two-dimensional plane. The coordinates of the i-th dot are (x_i, y_i).

We will repeat the following operation as long as possible:

Choose four integers a, b, c, d (a \neq c, b \neq d) such that there are dots at exactly three of the positions (a, b), (a, d), (c, b) and (c, d), and add a dot at the remaining position.

We can prove that we can only do this operation a finite number of times. Find the maximum number of times we can do the operation.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq x_i, y_i \leq 10^5

If i \neq j, x_i \neq x_j or y_i \neq y_j.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
:
x_N y_N

Output

Print the maximum number of times we can do the operation.

Sample Input 1

3
1 1
5 1
5 5

Sample Output 1

1

By choosing a = 1, b = 1, c = 5, d = 5, we can add a dot at (1, 5). We cannot do the operation any more, so the maximum number of operations is 1.

Sample Input 2

2
10 10
20 20

Sample Output 2

0

There are only two dots, so we cannot do the operation at all.

Sample Input 3

9
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5

Sample Output 3

16

We can do the operation for all choices of the form a = 1, b = 1, c = i, d = j (2 \leq i,j \leq 5), and no more. Thus, the maximum number of operations is 16.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

macro_rules ! input { ( source = $ s : expr , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let mut iter = $ s . split_whitespace ( ) ; input_inner ! { iter , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( iter = $ iter : ident , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let s = { use std :: io :: Read ; let mut s = String :: new ( ) ; std :: io :: stdin ( ) . read_to_string ( & mut s ) . unwrap ( ) ; s } ; let mut $ iter = s . split_whitespace ( ) ; input_inner ! { $ iter , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let s = { use std :: io :: Read ; let mut s = String :: new ( ) ; std :: io :: stdin ( ) . read_to_string ( & mut s ) . unwrap ( ) ; s } ; let mut iter = s . split_whitespace ( ) ; input_inner ! { iter , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; }
macro_rules ! input_inner { ( $ iter : expr ) => { } ; ( $ iter : expr , ) => { } ; ( $ iter : expr , mut $ var : ident : $ t : tt $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let mut $ var = read_value ! ( $ iter , $ t ) ; input_inner ! { $ iter $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( $ iter : expr , mut $ var : ident $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { input_inner ! { $ iter , mut $ var : usize $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( $ iter : expr , $ var : ident : $ t : tt $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let $ var = read_value ! ( $ iter , $ t ) ; input_inner ! { $ iter $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( $ iter : expr , $ var : ident $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { input_inner ! { $ iter , $ var : usize $ ( $ r ) * } } ; }
macro_rules ! read_value { ( $ iter : expr , ( $ ( $ t : tt ) ,* ) ) => { ( $ ( read_value ! ( $ iter , $ t ) ) ,* ) } ; ( $ iter : expr , [ $ t : tt ; $ len : expr ] ) => { ( 0 ..$ len ) . map ( | _ | read_value ! ( $ iter , $ t ) ) . collect ::< Vec < _ >> ( ) } ; ( $ iter : expr , { chars : $ base : expr } ) => { read_value ! ( $ iter , String ) . chars ( ) . map ( | c | ( c as u8 - $ base as u8 ) as usize ) . collect ::< Vec < usize >> ( ) } ; ( $ iter : expr , { char : $ base : expr } ) => { read_value ! ( $ iter , { chars : $ base } ) [ 0 ] } ; ( $ iter : expr , chars ) => { read_value ! ( $ iter , String ) . chars ( ) . collect ::< Vec < char >> ( ) } ; ( $ iter : expr , char ) => { read_value ! ( $ iter , chars ) [ 0 ] } ; ( $ iter : expr , usize1 ) => { read_value ! ( $ iter , usize ) - 1 } ; ( $ iter : expr , $ t : ty ) => { $ iter . next ( ) . unwrap ( ) . parse ::<$ t > ( ) . unwrap ( ) } ; }
pub struct UnionFind {
    parents: Vec<isize>,
}
use std::collections::HashMap;
impl UnionFind {
    pub fn new(n: usize) -> UnionFind {
        let parents = vec![-1; n];
        UnionFind { parents: parents }
    }
    pub fn find(&mut self, x: usize) -> usize {
        if self.parents[x] < 0 {
            x
        } else {
            let xx = self.parents[x] as usize;
            let y = self.find(xx);
            self.parents[x] = y as isize;
            y
        }
    }
    pub fn unite(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> bool {
        use std::mem::swap;
        let mut x = self.find(x);
        let mut y = self.find(y);
        if x == y {
            return false;
        }
        if self.parents[x] > self.parents[y] {
            swap(&mut x, &mut y);
        }
        self.parents[x] += self.parents[y];
        self.parents[y] = x as isize;
        true
    }
    pub fn size(&mut self, x: usize) -> usize {
        let x = self.find(x);
        (-self.parents[x]) as usize
    }
    pub fn same(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> bool {
        self.find(x) == self.find(y)
    }
    pub fn members(&mut self, x: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
        let root = self.find(x);
        (0..self.parents.len())
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|i| self.find(*i) == root)
            .collect::<Vec<usize>>()
    }
    pub fn roots(&mut self) -> Vec<usize> {
        (0..self.parents.len())
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|i| self.parents[*i] < 0)
            .collect::<Vec<usize>>()
    }
    pub fn all_group_members(&mut self) -> HashMap<usize, Vec<usize>> {
        let mut groups_map = HashMap::new();
        for x in 0..self.parents.len() {
            let r = self.find(x);
            groups_map.entry(r).or_insert(vec![]).push(x);
        }
        groups_map
    }
}
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {
    input! { n, xy: [(usize1, usize1); n] };
    let mut xs = vec![vec![]; 100_000];
    let mut ys = vec![vec![]; 100_000];
    let mut uf = UnionFind::new(n);
    for i in 0..n {
        let (x, y) = xy[i];
        xs[x].push(i);
        ys[y].push(i);
    }
    for i in 0..100_000 {
        for j in 1..xs[i].len() {
            uf.unite(xs[i][0], xs[i][j]);
        }
        for j in 1..ys[i].len() {
            uf.unite(ys[i][0], ys[i][j]);
        }
    }
    let mut ans = 0;
    let g = uf.all_group_members();
    for mem in g.values() {
        let mut xset = HashSet::new();
        let mut yset = HashSet::new();
        for &i in mem {
            let (x, y) = xy[i];
            xset.insert(x);
            yset.insert(y);
        }
        ans += xset.len() * yset.len() - mem.len();
    }
    println!("{}", ans);
}