Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

We have a grid of squares with N rows and M columns. Let (i, j) denote the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left. We will choose K of the squares and put a piece on each of them.

If we place the K pieces on squares (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), ..., and (x_K, y_K), the cost of this arrangement is computed as:

\sum_{i=1}^{K-1} \sum_{j=i+1}^K (|x_i - x_j| + |y_i - y_j|)

Find the sum of the costs of all possible arrangements of the pieces. Since this value can be tremendous, print it modulo 10^9+7.

We consider two arrangements of the pieces different if and only if there is a square that contains a piece in one of the arrangements but not in the other.

Constraints

2 \leq N \times M \leq 2 \times 10^5

2 \leq K \leq N \times M

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M K

Output

Print the sum of the costs of all possible arrangements of the pieces, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

2 2 2

Sample Output 1

8

There are six possible arrangements of the pieces, as follows:

((1,1),(1,2)), with the cost |1-1|+|1-2| = 1

((1,1),(2,1)), with the cost |1-2|+|1-1| = 1

((1,1),(2,2)), with the cost |1-2|+|1-2| = 2

((1,2),(2,1)), with the cost |1-2|+|2-1| = 2

((1,2),(2,2)), with the cost |1-2|+|2-2| = 1

((2,1),(2,2)), with the cost |2-2|+|1-2| = 1

The sum of these costs is 8.

Sample Input 2

4 5 4

Sample Output 2

87210

Sample Input 3

100 100 5000

Sample Output 3

817260251

Be sure to print the sum modulo 10^9+7.

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use proconio::{fastout, input};
use modint::{ModIntUtil, ModInt};

#[fastout]
fn main() {
    input! {
        n: i64,
        m: i64,
        k: i64,
    }

    let mut ans = ModInt::from(0);

    for i in 0..n {
        ans += ModInt::from(i) * (n - i).into() * m.into() * m.into();
    }
    for j in 0..m {
        ans += ModInt::from(j) * (m - j).into() * n.into() * n.into();
    }

    let mut mi_util = ModIntUtil::new();
    ans *= mi_util.binom_coef((n * m - 2) as usize, (k - 2) as usize);

    println!("{}", ans.0);
}

mod modint {
    use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};

    pub const MODULO: u64 = 1_000_000_007;
    // pub const MODULO: u64 = 11;

    fn positive_rem(a: i64, b: u64) -> u64 {
        let b = b as i64;
        let mut value = a % b;
        if value < 0 {
            value += b;
        }
        value as u64
    }

    /// Return (x, y) s.t. ax + by = d where d = gcd(a, b)
    #[allow(unused)]
    pub fn ext_gcd(a: u64, b: u64) -> (i64, i64) {
        if b == 0 {
            return (1, 0);
        }

        let q = (a / b) as i64;
        let r = a % b;
        let (x1, y1) = ext_gcd(b, r);
        (y1, x1 - q * y1)
    }

    #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
    pub struct ModInt(pub u64);

    impl From<usize> for ModInt {
        fn from(n: usize) -> ModInt {
            ModInt(n as u64 % MODULO)
        }
    }

    impl From<isize> for ModInt {
        fn from(n: isize) -> ModInt {
            ModInt(positive_rem(n as i64, MODULO as u64))
        }
    }

    impl From<u64> for ModInt {
        fn from(n: u64) -> ModInt {
            ModInt(positive_rem(n as i64, MODULO as u64))
        }
    }

    impl From<i64> for ModInt {
        fn from(n: i64) -> ModInt {
            ModInt(positive_rem(n, MODULO as u64))
        }
    }

    impl From<i32> for ModInt {
        fn from(n: i32) -> ModInt {
            ModInt(positive_rem(n as i64, MODULO as u64))
        }
    }

    impl ModInt {
        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn pow(self, p: u64) -> ModInt {
            if self == ModInt::from(0) {
                return ModInt::from(0);
            }
            if p == 0 {
                return ModInt::from(1);
            }

            if p % 2 == 0 {
                let half = self.pow(p / 2);
                half * half
            } else {
                self.pow(p - 1) * self
            }
        }

        // when MODULO is prime
        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn inv(self) -> ModInt {
            let (x, _) = ext_gcd(self.0 as u64, MODULO as u64);
            ModInt::from(x)
        }
    }

    impl Add for ModInt {
        type Output = ModInt;

        fn add(self, other: ModInt) -> ModInt {
            ModInt::from(self.0 + other.0)
        }
    }

    impl Sub for ModInt {
        type Output = ModInt;

        fn sub(self, other: ModInt) -> ModInt {
            ModInt::from(self.0 as i64 - other.0 as i64)
        }
    }

    impl Mul for ModInt {
        type Output = ModInt;

        fn mul(self, other: ModInt) -> ModInt {
            ModInt::from(self.0 * other.0)
        }
    }

    impl Neg for ModInt {
        type Output = ModInt;

        fn neg(self) -> Self::Output {
            ModInt::from(0) - self
        }
    }

    impl AddAssign for ModInt {
        fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Self) {
            *self = *self + other;
        }
    }

    impl MulAssign for ModInt {
        fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Self) {
            *self = *self * other;
        }
    }

    impl SubAssign for ModInt {
        fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Self) {
            *self = *self - other;
        }
    }

    impl PartialEq for ModInt {
        fn eq(&self, &other: &Self) -> bool {
            self.0 == other.0
        }
    }

    impl Eq for ModInt {}

    #[derive(Debug)]
    pub struct ModIntUtil {
        factorial: Vec<ModInt>,
        factorial_inv: Vec<ModInt>,
        inv: Vec<ModInt>,
    }

    impl ModIntUtil {
        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn new() -> ModIntUtil {
            ModIntUtil {
                factorial: vec![ModInt::from(1), ModInt::from(1)],
                factorial_inv: vec![ModInt::from(1), ModInt::from(1)],
                inv: vec![ModInt::from(0), ModInt::from(1)],
            }
        }

        fn calc_cache(&mut self, n: usize) {
            let len = self.factorial.len();
            if len < n + 1 {
                for i in len..(n + 1) {
                    let prev = *self.factorial.last().unwrap();
                    self.factorial.push(prev * ModInt::from(i));

                    let inv_i = -self.inv[MODULO as usize % i] * ModInt::from(MODULO as usize / i);
                    self.inv.push(inv_i);

                    let prev = *self.factorial_inv.last().unwrap();
                    self.factorial_inv.push(prev * self.inv[i]);
                }
            }
        }

        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn factorial(&mut self, n: usize) -> ModInt {
            self.calc_cache(n);
            self.factorial[n]
        }

        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn factorial_inv(&mut self, n: usize) -> ModInt {
            self.calc_cache(n);
            self.factorial_inv[n]
        }

        // when MODULO is prime
        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn binom_coef(&mut self, n: usize, k: usize) -> ModInt {
            if n < k {
                return ModInt::from(0);
            }

            self.calc_cache(n);
            self.factorial[n] * self.factorial_inv[k] * self.factorial_inv[n - k]
        }

        #[allow(unused)]
        fn perm(&mut self, n: usize, k: usize) -> ModInt {
            if n < k {
                return ModInt::from(0);
            }
            self.factorial(n) * self.factorial_inv(n - k)
        }

        // Not tested!!
        #[allow(unused)]
        pub fn multi_coef(&mut self, v: &[usize]) -> ModInt {
            let n = v.iter().sum();
            self.calc_cache(n);

            let mut ret = ModInt::from(1);
            ret *= self.factorial[n];
            for v_i in v {
                ret *= self.factorial_inv[*v_i];
            }

            ret
        }
    }
}