Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

We have a string s consisting of lowercase English letters.
Snuke is partitioning s into some number of non-empty substrings.
Let the subtrings obtained be s_1, s_2, ..., s_N from left to right. (Here, s = s_1 + s_2 + ... + s_N holds.)
Snuke wants to satisfy the following condition:

For each i (1 \leq i \leq N), it is possible to permute the characters in s_i and obtain a palindrome.

Find the minimum possible value of N when the partition satisfies the condition.

Constraints

1 \leq |s| \leq 2 \times 10^5

s consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

s

Output

Print the minimum possible value of N when the partition satisfies the condition.

Sample Input 1

aabxyyzz

Sample Output 1

2

The solution is to partition s as aabxyyzz = aab + xyyzz.
Here, aab can be permuted to form a palindrome aba, and xyyzz can be permuted to form a palindrome zyxyz.

Sample Input 2

byebye

Sample Output 2

1

byebye can be permuted to form a palindrome byeeyb.

Sample Input 3

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Sample Output 3

26

Sample Input 4

abcabcxabcx

Sample Output 4

3

The solution is to partition s as abcabcxabcx = a + b + cabcxabcx.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

// use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
// use std::cmp::{Ordering, min, max};
// use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, BTreeMap};
// use std::collections::btree_map::Entry::{Occupied, Vacant};
// use std::clone::Clone;

fn getline() -> String{
    let mut res = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut res).ok();
    res
}

macro_rules! readl {
    ($t: ty) => {
        {
            let s = getline();
            s.trim().parse::<$t>().unwrap()
        }
    };
    ($( $t: ty),+ ) => {
        {
            let s = getline();
            let mut iter = s.trim().split(' ');
            ($(iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap(),)*) 
        }
    };
}

macro_rules! readlvec {
    ($t: ty) => {
        {
            let s = getline();
            let iter = s.trim().split(' ');
            iter.map(|x| x.parse().unwrap()).collect::<Vec<$t>>()
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! mvec {
    ($v: expr, $s: expr) => {
        vec![$v; $s]
    };
    ($v: expr, $s: expr, $($t: expr),*) => {
        vec![mvec!($v, $($t),*); $s]
    };
}

macro_rules! debug {
    ($x: expr) => {
        println!("{}: {:?}", stringify!($x), $x)
    }
}

fn printiter<'a, T>(v: &'a T)
where
    &'a T: std::iter::IntoIterator, 
    <&'a T as std::iter::IntoIterator>::Item: std::fmt::Display {
    for (i,e) in v.into_iter().enumerate() {
        if i != 0 {
            print!(" ");
        }
        print!("{}", e);
    }
    println!("");
}

fn main() {
    let s = readl!(String);
    let s = s.into_bytes();
    let n = s.len();
    let INF = n+10;
    let mut dp = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    dp.insert(0, 0);
    let mut tmp = 0;
    let mut ans = 0;
    for i in 0..n {
        let c = s[i] -'a' as u8;
        tmp ^= 1<<c;
        let mut val = INF;
        for j in 0..26 {
            let t = tmp^(1<<j);
            if let Some(x) = dp.get(&t) {
                val = std::cmp::min(val, *x+1);
            }
        }
        if let Some(x) = dp.get(&tmp) {
            val = std::cmp::min(val, *x+1);
        }
        ans = val;
        let a = dp.entry(tmp).or_insert(INF);
        *a = std::cmp::min(*a, val);
    }
    println!("{}", ans);
}