Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Given is an integer N. Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits (in base ten without leading zeros).

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits.

Sample Input 1

11

Sample Output 1

9

Among the positive integers less than or equal to 11, nine integers have an odd number of digits: 1, 2, \ldots, 9.

Sample Input 2

136

Sample Output 2

46

In addition to 1, 2, \ldots, 9, another 37 integers also have an odd number of digits: 100, 101, \ldots, 136.

Sample Input 3

100000

Sample Output 3

90909

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::io::{stdin, stdout, BufReader, BufRead, StdinLock, Write, BufWriter};

fn main() {
    let (std_in, std_out) = (stdin(), stdout());
    let mut br = BufReader::new(std_in.lock());
    let mut bw = BufWriter::new(std_out.lock());
    
    let n = rn::<usize>(&mut br);
    
    let mut res = 0;
    for i in 1..n+1 {
        let mut x = i;
        let mut cnt = 0;
        while x > 0 {
            cnt += 1;
            x /= 10;
        }
        res += cnt % 2;
    }
    writeln!(&mut bw, "{}", res);
}


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn rs(br: &mut BufReader<StdinLock>) -> Vec<char> {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    br.read_line(&mut buf).ok();
    buf.trim().chars().collect()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn rn<T: std::str::FromStr>(br: &mut BufReader<StdinLock>) -> T {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    br.read_line(&mut buf).ok();
    buf.trim().parse().ok().unwrap()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn rvs(br: &mut BufReader<StdinLock>) -> Vec<Vec<char>> {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    br.read_line(&mut buf).ok();
    buf.trim().split_whitespace().map(|e| e.chars().collect()).collect()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn rvn<T: std::str::FromStr>(br: &mut BufReader<StdinLock>) -> Vec<T> {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    br.read_line(&mut buf).ok();
    buf.trim().split_whitespace().map(|e| e.parse().ok().unwrap()).collect()
}