Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

Find the number of integers between 1 and N (inclusive) that contains exactly K non-zero digits when written in base ten.

Constraints

1 \leq N < 10^{100}

1 \leq K \leq 3

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
K

Output

Print the count.

Sample Input 1

100
1

Sample Output 1

19

The following 19 integers satisfy the condition:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100

Sample Input 2

25
2

Sample Output 2

14

The following 14 integers satisfy the condition:

11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,24,25

Sample Input 3

314159
2

Sample Output 3

937

Sample Input 4

9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
3

Sample Output 4

117879300

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::cmp::Reverse;
use std::cmp::max;
use std::collections::VecDeque;
use std::cmp::min;
use std::collections::BTreeSet;
use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt::Debug;

fn read_line() -> String {
    let mut buffer = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut buffer).expect("No Line");
    buffer
}
fn read_lines<T: std::str::FromStr>(count: usize) -> Vec<T> {
    let mut buffer = String::new();
    let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(count);
    for _ in 0 .. count {
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut buffer).expect("No Line");
        vec.push(buffer.trim().parse().ok().expect("Can't Parse"));
        buffer.clear();
    }
    vec
}
fn read_tabulate<R, T: Fn(&str)->R> (count: usize, transformer: T) -> Vec<R> {
    let mut buffer = String::new();
    let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(count);
    for _ in 0 .. count {
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut buffer).expect("No Line");
        vec.push(transformer(buffer.trim()));
        buffer.clear();
    }
    vec
}
fn read_value<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T {
    read_line().trim().parse().ok().unwrap()
}
fn read_values<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
    read_line().trim().split(' ').map(|x| x.parse().ok().expect("Can't Parse")).collect::<Vec<T>>()
}
macro_rules! freeze {
    ($($id:ident), *) => {
        $(let $id = $id;)*
    };
}
macro_rules! read {
    (mut $ident: ident: [$ty:ty]) => {
        let mut $ident = read_values::<$ty>();
    };
    ($ident: ident: [$ty:ty]) => {
        let $ident = read_values::<$ty>();
    };
    ($($token: tt)*) => {
        let mut iter = read_values::<String>().into_iter();
        read_from_iter!(iter; $($token)*);
    };
}
macro_rules! read_from_iter {
    ($iter:expr; mut $ident:ident:$ty:ty, $($rest:tt)*) => {
        let mut $ident = $iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$ty>().expect("Can't Parse");
        read_from_iter!($iter; $($rest)*);
    };
    ($iter:expr; $ident:ident:$ty:ty, $($rest:tt)*) => {
        let $ident = $iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$ty>().expect("Can't Parse");
        read_from_iter!($iter; $($rest)*);
    };
    ($iter:expr; mut $ident:ident:$ty:ty) => {
        let mut $ident = $iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$ty>().expect("Can't Parse");
    };
    ($iter:expr; $ident:ident:$ty:ty) => {
        let $ident = $iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$ty>().expect("Can't Parse");
    };
    ($iter: expr; ) => {};
}
struct KeyValue<K, V> {
    key: K,
    value: V
}
impl <K: PartialOrd, V> PartialEq for KeyValue<K, V> {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.key.eq(&other.key)
    }
}
impl <K: PartialOrd, V> Eq for KeyValue<K, V> {}
impl <K: PartialOrd, V> PartialOrd for KeyValue<K, V> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
        self.key.partial_cmp(&other.key)
    }
}
impl <K: PartialOrd, V> Ord for KeyValue<K, V> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
        self.key.partial_cmp(&other.key).ok_or("Can't Compare").unwrap()
    }
}
fn below(digit_rest: usize, non_zero_rest: usize) -> i64 {
    if digit_rest == 0 {
        return if non_zero_rest == 0 {1i64} else {0i64}
    }else if digit_rest < non_zero_rest {
        return 0
    }
    let mut fact = 1i64;
    for i in 0 .. non_zero_rest {
        fact *= digit_rest as i64 - i as i64;
    }
    for i in 2 ..= non_zero_rest {
        fact /= i as i64;
    }
    for _ in 0 .. non_zero_rest {
        fact *= 9;
    }
    fact
}
fn cal_pattern(digits: &Vec<usize>, current: usize, rest: usize) -> i64 {
    if current == digits.len() {
        return if rest == 0 {1}else {0}
    }else if rest == 0 {
        return 1
    }
    let mut sum = if digits[current] > 0 {cal_pattern(digits, current + 1, rest - 1)}else {cal_pattern(digits, current + 1, rest)};
    for d in 0 .. digits[current] {
        sum += below(digits.len() - current - 1, if d > 0 {rest - 1}else {rest});
    }
    sum
}
fn main() {
    read!(digits: String);
    read!(k: usize);
    let digits = digits.chars().map(|c| (c as u8 - '0' as u8) as usize).collect::<Vec<_>>();
    println!("{}", cal_pattern(&digits, 0, k));
}