Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N.
Among its subsequences, count the ones such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7. Two subsequences are considered different if their characters come from different positions in the string, even if they are the same as strings.

Here, a subsequence of a string is a concatenation of one or more characters from the string without changing the order.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100000

S consists of lowercase English letters.

|S|=N

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the number of the subsequences such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

4
abcd

Sample Output 1

15

Since all characters in S itself are different, all its subsequences satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

3
baa

Sample Output 2

5

The answer is five: b, two occurrences of a, two occurrences of ba. Note that we do not count baa, since it contains two as.

Sample Input 3

5
abcab

Sample Output 3

17

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::io::Read;
use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf).unwrap();

    let answer = solve(&buf);

    println!("{}", answer);
}

fn solve(input: &str) -> String {
    let mut iterator = input.split_whitespace();

    let n: usize = iterator.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
    let s: Vec<char> = iterator.next().unwrap().chars().collect();

    let mut counts: HashMap<char, usize> = HashMap::new();
    for i in 0..n {
        *counts.entry(s[i]).or_insert(0) += 1;
    }

    const MOD: usize = 1_000_000_007;
    let mut ans = 1;
    for (_, count) in counts {
        ans = ans * (count + 1) % MOD;
    }
    if ans == 0 {
        ans = MOD - 1;
    } else {
        ans = ans - 1;
    }
    return ans.to_string();
}