Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

pub struct Poper<'a> {
	iter: std::str::SplitWhitespace<'a>,
}

impl<'a> Poper<'a> {
	pub fn new(iter: std::str::SplitWhitespace) -> Poper {
		Poper { iter: iter }
	}
	pub fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>(&mut self) -> T
	where
		<T as std::str::FromStr>::Err: std::fmt::Debug,
	{
		self.iter.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap()
	}
}

fn main() {
	let input = {
		use std::io::Read;
		let mut s = String::new();
		std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
		s
	};
	let mut iter = Poper::new(input.split_whitespace());
	let n: usize = iter.read();

	let nums: Vec<u32> = (0..n).into_iter().map(|_| iter.read()).collect();

	let mut match_count = 0;
	for i in 1..n - 1 {
		if nums[i - 1] < nums[i] && nums[i] <= nums[i + 1] {
			match_count += 1;
		} else if nums[i + 1] < nums[i] && nums[i] <= nums[i - 1] {
			match_count += 1;
		}
	}
	println!("{}", match_count);
}