Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N.
Among its subsequences, count the ones such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7. Two subsequences are considered different if their characters come from different positions in the string, even if they are the same as strings.

Here, a subsequence of a string is a concatenation of one or more characters from the string without changing the order.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100000

S consists of lowercase English letters.

|S|=N

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the number of the subsequences such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

4
abcd

Sample Output 1

15

Since all characters in S itself are different, all its subsequences satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

3
baa

Sample Output 2

5

The answer is five: b, two occurrences of a, two occurrences of ba. Note that we do not count baa, since it contains two as.

Sample Input 3

5
abcab

Sample Output 3

17

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::{max, min, Ordering};

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, BinaryHeap, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::io::{stdin, stdout, BufWriter, Write};

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::iter::FromIterator;

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! min {
    ($x: expr) => ($x);
    ($x: expr, $($z: expr),+) => {{
        min($x, min!($($z),*))
    }}
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! max {
    ($x: expr) => ($x);
    ($x: expr, $($z: expr),+) => {{
        max($x, max!($($z),*))
    }}
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! get { 
    ([$t: ty]) => { 
        { 
            let mut line = String::new(); 
            stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap(); 
            line.split_whitespace().map(|t|t.parse::<$t>().unwrap()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
        }
    };
    ([$t: ty];$n: expr) => {
        (0..$n).map(|_|get!([$t])).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };
    ($t: ty) => {
        {
            let mut line = String::new();
            stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
            line.trim().parse::<$t>().unwrap()
        }
    };
    ($($t: ty),*) => {
        { 
            let mut line = String::new();
            stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
            let mut iter = line.split_whitespace();
            ($(iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap(),)*)
        }
    };
    ($t: ty; $n: expr) => {
        (0..$n).map(|_|get!($t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };
    ($($t: ty),*; $n: expr) => {
        (0..$n).map(|_|get!($($t),*)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! debug { 
    ($($a: expr),*) => { 
        println!(concat!($(stringify!($a)," = {:?}, "),*), $($a),*);
    } 
}

const BIG_STACK_SIZE: bool = true;

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn main() {
    use std::thread;
    if BIG_STACK_SIZE {
        thread::Builder::new()
            .stack_size(32 * 1024 * 1024)
            .name("solve".into())
            .spawn(solve)
            .unwrap()
            .join()
            .unwrap();
    } else {
        solve();
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read<T>() -> Vec<T>
where T:
    std::str::FromStr,
    T::Err: std::fmt::Debug {

    let mut buf = String::new();
    stdin().read_line(&mut buf).unwrap();
    buf.split_whitespace()
        .map(|s| s.trim().parse().unwrap())
        .collect()
}

fn solve() {
    let _n = get!(usize);
    let s = get!(String);

    let mut vec = vec![0u64; 26];
    for c in s.chars() {
        vec[(c as u8 -'a' as u8) as usize] += 1;
    }
    let vec = vec.into_iter().filter(|e| *e != 0).collect::<Vec<_>>();

    let mut count = 0;
    for i in 1..2u64.pow(vec.len() as u32) {
        let mut tmp = 1;
        for j in 0..(vec.len()) {
            if (i >> j) % 2 == 1 {
                tmp *= vec[j];
                tmp %= 1000000007;
            }
        }
        count += tmp;
        count %= 1000000007;
    }
    println!("{}", count);
}