Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Given an integer N, find the base -2 representation of N.

Here, S is the base -2 representation of N when the following are all satisfied:

S is a string consisting of 0 and 1.

Unless S = 0, the initial character of S is 1.

Let S = S_k S_{k-1} ... S_0, then S_0 \times (-2)^0 + S_1 \times (-2)^1 + ... + S_k \times (-2)^k = N.

It can be proved that, for any integer M, the base -2 representation of M is uniquely determined.

Constraints

Every value in input is integer.

-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the base -2 representation of N.

Sample Input 1

-9

Sample Output 1

1011

As (-2)^0 + (-2)^1 + (-2)^3 = 1 + (-2) + (-8) = -9, 1011 is the base -2 representation of -9.

Sample Input 2

123456789

Sample Output 2

11000101011001101110100010101

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn solve() {
    let mut n: i64 = read();
    let mut ans = String::new();
    while n != 0 {
        if n.abs() % 2 != 0 {
            ans.push('1');
            n -= 1;
        } else {
            ans.push('0');
        }
        n /= -2;
    }
    if ans.len() == 0 {
        ans.push('0');
    }
    println!("{}", ans.chars().rev().collect::<String>());
}

fn main() {
    let stack_size = 104_857_600;
    let thd = std::thread::Builder::new().stack_size(stack_size);
    thd.spawn(|| solve()).unwrap().join().unwrap();
}

// =========
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::{max, min, Reverse};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, HashMap, HashSet};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::process::exit;

#[allow(dead_code)]
const MOD: usize = 1000000007;

fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T {
    use std::io::Read;
    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
    let stdin = stdin.lock();
    let token: String = stdin
        .bytes()
        .map(|c| c.expect("failed to read char") as char)
        .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace())
        .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
        .collect();
    token.parse().ok().expect("failed to parse token")
}

// =========