Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S consisting of digits between 1 and 9, inclusive.
You can insert the letter + into some of the positions (possibly none) between two letters in this string.
Here, + must not occur consecutively after insertion.

All strings that can be obtained in this way can be evaluated as formulas.

Evaluate all possible formulas, and print the sum of the results.

Constraints

1 \leq |S| \leq 10

All letters in S are digits between 1 and 9, inclusive.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the sum of the evaluated value over all possible formulas.

Sample Input 1

125

Sample Output 1

176

There are 4 formulas that can be obtained: 125, 1+25, 12+5 and 1+2+5. When each formula is evaluated,

125

1+25=26

12+5=17

1+2+5=8

Thus, the sum is 125+26+17+8=176.

Sample Input 2

9999999999

Sample Output 2

12656242944

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt::Debug;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::fs::File;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::io::{stdin, stdout, BufReader, BufWriter, Read, Write};
use std::str::FromStr;

pub fn start<R: Read, W: Write>(input: R, output: &mut W) {
    let mut scanner = Scanner::new(input.bytes().map(Result::unwrap));
    let s = scanner
        .next_bytes()
        .iter()
        .map(|&x| x - b'0')
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

    let mut a = 0;
    for i in 0..(1 << (s.len() - 1)) {
        let mut b = 0;
        for j in (0..s.len()).rev() {
            let k = i >> j;
            if (k & 1) == 1 {
                a += b;
                b = 0;
            }
            b = b * 10 + usize::from(s[s.len() - j - 1]);
        }
        a += b;
    }

    write!(output, "{}\n", a).unwrap();
}

////////////////////////////
// Tests
////////////////////////////

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::start;
    use std::ffi::OsStr;
    use std::fs;
    use std::fs::File;
    use std::io::Cursor;
    use std::io::{BufReader, Read};

    #[test]
    fn example() {
        let mut entries = fs::read_dir("./tests")
            .unwrap()
            .into_iter()
            .flat_map(|x| x.ok())
            .map(|x| x.path())
            .filter(|x| x.extension().unwrap_or(OsStr::new("")).to_string_lossy() == "in")
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        entries.sort();
        for entry in entries {
            let mut output = Vec::new();
            BufReader::new(File::open(entry.with_extension("out")).unwrap())
                .read_to_end(&mut output)
                .unwrap();
            let input = BufReader::new(File::open(entry).unwrap());

            let mut out = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
            start(input, &mut out);
            let outvec = out.into_inner();
            println!("{}", String::from_utf8((&outvec).to_vec()).unwrap());
            assert_eq!(outvec, output);
        }
    }
}

////////////////////////////
// Snipetts
////////////////////////////

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn main() {
    let stdin = stdin();
    let stdout = stdout();
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(stdout.lock());
    let input = BufReader::new(stdin.lock());
    start(input, &mut out);
}

// // ファイルの場合
// #[allow(dead_code)]
// fn main() {
//     let mut out = BufWriter::new(File::create("output.txt").unwrap());
//     let input = BufReader::new(File::open("input.txt").unwrap());
//     start(input, &mut out);
// }

// 大きなスタックが必要な場合はこちらを利用する
// #[allow(dead_code)]
// fn main() {
//     std::thread::Builder::new()
//         .name("big stack size".into())
//         .stack_size(32 * 1024 * 1024) // 32 MBのスタックサイズ
//         .spawn(|| {
//             let stdin = stdin();
//             let stdout = stdout();
//             let out = BufWriter::new(stdout.lock());
//             let input = BufReader::new(stdin.lock());
//             start(input, out);
//         })
//         .unwrap()
//         .join()
//         .unwrap();
// }

pub struct Scanner<I: Iterator<Item = u8>> {
    input: I,
}

impl<I: Iterator<Item = u8>> Scanner<I> {
    pub fn new(input: I) -> Self {
        Scanner::<I> { input: input }
    }

    // 文字コードはISO/IEC 8859-1 (Latin-1)とする
    pub fn next_value<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T
    where
        <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug,
    {
        T::from_str(
            &(self
                .input
                .by_ref()
                .map(char::from)
                .skip_while(|x| x.is_whitespace())
                .take_while(|x| !x.is_whitespace())
                .collect::<String>()),
        )
        .unwrap()
    }

    // 文字コードはISO/IEC 8859-1 (Latin-1)とする
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn next_bytes(&mut self) -> Vec<u8> {
        self.input
            .by_ref()
            .skip_while(|&x| char::from(x).is_whitespace())
            .take_while(|&x| !char::from(x).is_whitespace())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn next_array<T: FromStr>(&mut self, len: usize) -> Vec<T>
    where
        <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug,
    {
        (0..len).map(|_| self.next_value()).collect()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn next_2darray<T: FromStr>(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>>
    where
        <T as FromStr>::Err: Debug,
    {
        (0..y).map(|_| self.next_array(x)).collect()
    }

    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn next_2d_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
        (0..len).map(|_| self.next_bytes()).collect()
    }
}

// 1.15.1でReverseを使う
// https://qiita.com/hatoo@github/items/fa14ad36a1b568d14f3e
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Reverse<T>(pub T);

impl<T: PartialOrd> PartialOrd for Reverse<T> {
    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Reverse<T>) -> Option<Ordering> {
        other.0.partial_cmp(&self.0)
    }
}

impl<T: Ord> Ord for Reverse<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Reverse<T>) -> Ordering {
        other.0.cmp(&self.0)
    }
}

// PartialOrdをTotalOrdにするラッパ
// https://qiita.com/hatoo@github/items/fa14ad36a1b568d14f3e

#[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
pub struct Total<T>(pub T);

impl<T: PartialEq> Eq for Total<T> {}

impl<T: PartialOrd> Ord for Total<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Total<T>) -> Ordering {
        self.0.partial_cmp(&other.0).unwrap()
    }
}

// 順列生成
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn permutations(n: usize, k: usize) -> Box<Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>>> {
    fn inner(array: Vec<u8>, depth: usize, max: u8) -> Box<Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>>> {
        let na = (0..max).flat_map(move |x| {
            if array.contains(&x) {
                None
            } else {
                let mut newarray = array.clone();
                newarray.push(x);
                Some(newarray)
            }
        });
        if depth > 0 {
            Box::new(na.flat_map(move |x| inner(x, depth - 1, max)))
        } else {
            Box::new(na)
        }
    }
    inner(Vec::new(), k - 1, n as u8)
}

// 組み合わせ生成
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub fn combinations(n: usize, r: usize) -> Box<Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>>> {
    fn inner(
        array: Vec<u8>,
        depth: usize,
        min: usize,
        max: usize,
    ) -> Box<Iterator<Item = Vec<u8>>> {
        let na = (min..(max - depth)).map(move |x| {
            let mut newarray = array.clone();
            newarray.push(x as u8);
            newarray
        });
        if depth > 0 {
            Box::new(na.flat_map(move |x| {
                let next = usize::from(*x.last().unwrap()) + 1;
                inner(x, depth - 1, next, max)
            }))
        } else {
            Box::new(na)
        }
    }
    inner(Vec::new(), r - 1, 0, n)
}