Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Given is an integer N. Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits (in base ten without leading zeros).

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits.

Sample Input 1

11

Sample Output 1

9

Among the positive integers less than or equal to 11, nine integers have an odd number of digits: 1, 2, \ldots, 9.

Sample Input 2

136

Sample Output 2

46

In addition to 1, 2, \ldots, 9, another 37 integers also have an odd number of digits: 100, 101, \ldots, 136.

Sample Input 3

100000

Sample Output 3

90909

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn get_line() -> String {
    let mut line = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    line.trim().to_string()
}

fn digit(num: u64) -> u64 {
    if num < 10 {
        1
    } else {
        digit(num / 10) + 1
    }
}

fn main() {
    let n = get_line().parse::<u64>().unwrap();
    println!("{}", (1..n + 1).map(|i| digit(i) % 2).sum::<u64>());
}