Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.

You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. If we can, find the minimum number of operations required.

Choose an integer i such that 1\leq i\leq N-1. Replace the value of X_{i+1} with the value of X_i plus 1.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^9(1\leq i\leq N)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

If we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation, print the minimum number of operations required. If we cannot, print -1.

Sample Input 1

4
0
1
1
2

Sample Output 1

3

We can make X equal to A as follows:

Choose i=2. X becomes (0,0,1,0).

Choose i=1. X becomes (0,1,1,0).

Choose i=3. X becomes (0,1,1,2).

Sample Input 2

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

9
0
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
2

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::io::*;

fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T {
    let stdin = stdin();
    let mut buf = String::new();
	stdin.lock().read_line(&mut buf);
	buf.trim().parse().ok().unwrap()
}

fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
	read::<String>().trim().split_whitespace()
        .map(|w| w.parse().ok().unwrap()).collect()
}

fn read_vec_char() -> Vec<char> {
    read::<String>().chars().collect()
}

fn read_mat<T: std::str::FromStr>(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>> {
    (0..n).map(|_| read_vec()).collect()
}

fn read_mat_char(n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<char>> {
    (0..n).map(|_| read_vec_char()).collect()
}

fn main() {
    let n = read::<usize>();
    let mut av: Vec<i64> = Vec::with_capacity(n);
    for i in 0..n {
        let a = read::<i64>();
        av.push(a);
    }
    let mut ans = 0;
    let mut x = 0;
    let mut suc = true;
    for i in 0..n {
        let a = av.pop().unwrap();
        if a < x - 1 || a as usize > n - i - 1 {
            suc = false;
            break;
        }
        if a == x - 1 {
            x -= 1;
        } else {
            ans += a;
            x = a;
        }
    }
    if suc {
        println!("{}",ans);
    } else {
        println!("-1");
    }
}