Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::io::*;
use std::str::FromStr;
 
/* 
The read function reads a string according to each one. 
*/
fn read<T: FromStr>() -> T {
    let stdin = stdin();
    let stdin = stdin.lock();
    let token: String = stdin
        .bytes()
        .map(|c| c.expect("failed to read char") as char) 
        .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace())
        .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
        .collect();
    token.parse().ok().expect("failed to parse token")
}


//main function
fn main() {
    let n: usize = read();
    let mut a: Vec<i32> = Vec::with_capacity(n);
    let mut count: i32 = 0;
    unsafe {
	a.set_len(n);
    }
    for i in 0..n{
	let number:i32 = read();
	a[i as usize] = number;
    }
    for i in 1..n-1{
	if a[i as usize -1] < a[i as usize] && a[i as usize] <= a[i as usize + 1]{
	    count+=1;
	}else if a[i as usize +1] < a[i as usize] && a[i as usize] <= a[i as usize-1]{
	    count+=1;
	}
    }
    println!("{}",count);
}