Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

We have N colored balls arranged in a row from left to right; the color of the i-th ball from the left is c_i.

You are given Q queries. The i-th query is as follows: how many different colors do the l_i-th through r_i-th balls from the left have?

Constraints

1\leq N,Q \leq 5 \times 10^5

1\leq c_i \leq N

1\leq l_i \leq r_i \leq N

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N Q
c_1 c_2 \cdots c_N
l_1 r_1
l_2 r_2
:
l_Q r_Q

Output

Print Q lines. The i-th line should contain the response to the i-th query.

Sample Input 1

4 3
1 2 1 3
1 3
2 4
3 3

Sample Output 1

2
3
1

The 1-st, 2-nd, and 3-rd balls from the left have the colors 1, 2, and 1 - two different colors.

The 2-st, 3-rd, and 4-th balls from the left have the colors 2, 1, and 3 - three different colors.

The 3-rd ball from the left has the color 1 - just one color.

Sample Input 2

10 10
2 5 6 5 2 1 7 9 7 2
5 5
2 4
6 7
2 2
7 8
7 9
1 8
6 9
8 10
6 8

Sample Output 2

1
2
2
1
2
2
6
3
3
3

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use itertools::Itertools;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use itertools_num::ItertoolsNum;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::iter;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use superslice::*;

fn run() {
    let (r, w) = (std::io::stdin(), std::io::stdout());
    let mut sc = IO::new(r.lock(), w.lock());

    let n: usize = sc.read();
    let q: usize = sc.read();
    let c = sc.read_vec::<usize>(n);

    let mut tree = SegmentTree::new(n, 0, |a, b| a | b);
    for i in 0..n {
        tree.update(i, 1_usize << c[i]);
    }

    for _ in 0..q {
        let l: usize = sc.read::<usize>() - 1;
        let r: usize = sc.read::<usize>() - 1;
        let ans = tree.query(l..(r + 1)).count_ones();
        println!("{}", ans);
    }
}

fn main() {
    std::thread::Builder::new()
        .name("run".into())
        .stack_size(256 * 1024 * 1024)
        .spawn(run)
        .unwrap()
        .join()
        .unwrap();
}

pub struct SegmentTree<T, F> {
    seg: Vec<T>,
    n: usize,
    f: F,
    initial_value: T,
}

impl<T: Copy, F> SegmentTree<T, F>
where
    F: Fn(T, T) -> T,
{
    pub fn new(size: usize, initial_value: T, f: F) -> SegmentTree<T, F> {
        let mut m = 1;
        while m <= size {
            m <<= 1;
        }
        SegmentTree {
            seg: vec![initial_value; m * 2],
            n: m,
            f,
            initial_value,
        }
    }

    pub fn update(&mut self, k: usize, value: T) {
        let mut k = k;
        k += self.n - 1;
        self.seg[k] = value;
        while k > 0 {
            k = (k - 1) >> 1;
            self.seg[k] = (self.f)(self.seg[k * 2 + 1], self.seg[k * 2 + 2]);
        }
    }

    /// Get the minimum value in the array in the range
    pub fn query(&self, range: std::ops::Range<usize>) -> T {
        self.query_range(range, 0, 0..self.n)
    }

    fn query_range(
        &self,
        range: std::ops::Range<usize>,
        k: usize,
        seg_range: std::ops::Range<usize>,
    ) -> T {
        if seg_range.end <= range.start || range.end <= seg_range.start {
            self.initial_value
        } else if range.start <= seg_range.start && seg_range.end <= range.end {
            self.seg[k]
        } else {
            let mid = (seg_range.start + seg_range.end) >> 1;
            let x = self.query_range(range.clone(), k * 2 + 1, seg_range.start..mid);
            let y = self.query_range(range, k * 2 + 2, mid..seg_range.end);
            (self.f)(x, y)
        }
    }
}

pub struct IO<R, W: std::io::Write>(R, std::io::BufWriter<W>);

impl<R: std::io::Read, W: std::io::Write> IO<R, W> {
    pub fn new(r: R, w: W) -> IO<R, W> {
        IO(r, std::io::BufWriter::new(w))
    }
    pub fn write<S: std::ops::Deref<Target = str>>(&mut self, s: S) {
        use std::io::Write;
        self.1.write(s.as_bytes()).unwrap();
    }
    pub fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
        use std::io::Read;
        let buf = self
            .0
            .by_ref()
            .bytes()
            .map(|b| b.unwrap())
            .skip_while(|&b| b == b' ' || b == b'\n' || b == b'\r' || b == b'\t')
            .take_while(|&b| b != b' ' && b != b'\n' && b != b'\r' && b != b'\t')
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&buf) }
            .parse()
            .ok()
            .expect("Parse error.")
    }
    pub fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
        (0..n).map(|_| self.read()).collect()
    }
    pub fn read_pairs<T: std::str::FromStr>(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(T, T)> {
        (0..n).map(|_| (self.read(), self.read())).collect()
    }
    pub fn read_pairs_1_indexed(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
        (0..n)
            .map(|_| (self.read::<usize>() - 1, self.read::<usize>() - 1))
            .collect()
    }
    pub fn read_chars(&mut self) -> Vec<char> {
        self.read::<String>().chars().collect()
    }
    pub fn read_char_grid(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<Vec<char>> {
        (0..n).map(|_| self.read_chars()).collect()
    }
    pub fn read_matrix<T: std::str::FromStr>(&mut self, n: usize, m: usize) -> Vec<Vec<T>> {
        (0..n)
            .map(|_| (0..m).map(|_| self.read()).collect())
            .collect()
    }
}