Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N.
Among its subsequences, count the ones such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7. Two subsequences are considered different if their characters come from different positions in the string, even if they are the same as strings.

Here, a subsequence of a string is a concatenation of one or more characters from the string without changing the order.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100000

S consists of lowercase English letters.

|S|=N

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the number of the subsequences such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

4
abcd

Sample Output 1

15

Since all characters in S itself are different, all its subsequences satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

3
baa

Sample Output 2

5

The answer is five: b, two occurrences of a, two occurrences of ba. Note that we do not count baa, since it contains two as.

Sample Input 3

5
abcab

Sample Output 3

17

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input {
    ( source = $ s : expr , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let mut iter = $ s . split_whitespace ( ) ; let mut next = || { iter . next ( ) . unwrap ( ) } ; input_inner ! { next , $ ( $ r ) * } };
    ( $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let stdin = std :: io :: stdin ( ) ; let mut bytes = std :: io :: Read :: bytes ( std :: io :: BufReader :: new ( stdin . lock ( ) ) ) ; let mut next = move || -> String { bytes . by_ref ( ) . map ( | r | r . unwrap ( ) as char ) . skip_while ( | c | c . is_whitespace ( ) ) . take_while ( | c |! c . is_whitespace ( ) ) . collect ( ) } ; input_inner ! { next , $ ( $ r ) * } };
}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input_inner {
    ( $ next : expr ) => { };
    ( $ next : expr , ) => { };
    ( $ next : expr , $ var : ident : $ t : tt $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let $ var = read_value ! ( $ next , $ t ) ; input_inner ! { $ next $ ( $ r ) * } };
}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! read_value {
    ( $ next : expr , ( $ ( $ t : tt ) ,* ) ) => { ( $ ( read_value ! ( $ next , $ t ) ) ,* ) };
    ( $ next : expr , [ $ t : tt ; $ len : expr ] ) => { ( 0 ..$ len ) . map ( | _ | read_value ! ( $ next , $ t ) ) . collect ::< Vec < _ >> ( ) };
    ( $ next : expr , chars ) => { read_value ! ( $ next , String ) . chars ( ) . collect ::< Vec < char >> ( ) };
    ( $ next : expr , usize1 ) => { read_value ! ( $ next , usize ) - 1 };
    ( $ next : expr , $ t : ty ) => { $ next ( ) . parse ::<$ t > ( ) . expect ( "Parse error" ) };
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub const M: u64 = 1_000_000_007;

fn main() {
    input! {
        _n: usize,
        s: chars
    }

    let mut ret = 1u64;
    let s_count = count(&s);
    for &v in s_count.values() {
        ret *= v as u64 + 1;
        ret %= M;
    }
    if ret == 0 {
        ret = M - 1;
    } else {
        ret -= 1;
    }
    println!("{}", ret);
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn count<T: Eq + std::hash::Hash + Clone>(slice: &[T]) -> std::collections::HashMap<T, usize> {
    let mut hmap = std::collections::HashMap::new();
    for item in slice {
        *hmap.entry(item.clone()).or_insert(0) += 1;
    }
    hmap
}