Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You have an integer variable x.
Initially, x=0.

Some person gave you a string S of length N, and using the string you performed the following operation N times.
In the i-th operation, you incremented the value of x by 1 if S_i=I, and decremented the value of x by 1 if S_i=D.

Find the maximum value taken by x during the operations (including before the first operation, and after the last operation).

Constraints

1≤N≤100

|S|=N

No characters except I and D occur in S.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the maximum value taken by x during the operations.

Sample Input 1

5
IIDID

Sample Output 1

2

After each operation, the value of x becomes 1, 2, 1, 2 and 1, respectively. Thus, the output should be 2, the maximum value.

Sample Input 2

7
DDIDDII

Sample Output 2

0

The initial value x=0 is the maximum value taken by x, thus the output should be 0.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::io::*;
use std::str::FromStr;

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! scan {
  ($e:expr; $t:ty) => {
    $e.get::<$t>()
  };
  ($e:expr; $($t:ty), *) => {
    ($($e.get::<$t>(),)*)
  };
  ($e:expr => $i:expr; $t:ty) => {
    (0..$i).map(|_| $e.get::<$t>()).collect::<Vec<$t>>()
  };
  ($e:expr => $row:expr, $col:expr; $t:ty) => {
    (0..$i).map(|_| scan!($e => $col; $t)).collect::<Vec<$t>>()
  }
}

struct Scanner<R: Read> {
  reader: R
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
impl<R: Read> Scanner<R> {
  fn new(reader: R) -> Scanner<R> {
    Scanner { reader: reader }
  }
  fn safe_get<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
    let token = self.reader.by_ref().bytes().map(|c| c.unwrap() as char)
      .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace())
      .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
      .collect::<String>();
    if token.is_empty() { None } else { token.parse().ok() }
  }
  fn get<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
    if let Some(v) = self.safe_get() { v } else {
      writeln!(stderr(), "Terminated with EOF").unwrap();
      std::process::exit(0);
    }
  }
}

trait Writable {
  fn write(&self, sep: &'static str) -> String;
}

impl<T: ToString> Writable for Vec<T> {
  fn write(&self, sep: &'static str) -> String {
    self.iter().map(|e| e.to_string()).collect::<Vec<String>>().join(sep)
  }
}

fn main() {
  let cin = stdin();
  let cin = cin.lock();
  let mut sc = Scanner::new(cin);
  let (_, s) = scan!(sc; i32, String);
  let mut x = 0;
  let mut ans = 0;
  for c in s.chars() {
    match c {
      'I' => {
        x += 1;
        ans = max(ans, x);
      },
      'D' => {
        x -= 1;
      },
      _ => unreachable!()
    }
  }
  println!("{}", ans);
}

fn max<T: Ord>(a: T, b: T) -> T {
  if a > b { a } else { b }
}