Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

You have a sequence A composed of N positive integers: A_{1}, A_{2}, \cdots, A_{N}.

You will now successively do the following Q operations:

In the i-th operation, you replace every element whose value is B_{i} with C_{i}.

For each i (1 \leq i \leq Q), find S_{i}: the sum of all elements in A just after the i-th operation.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N, Q, A_{i}, B_{i}, C_{i} \leq 10^{5}

B_{i} \neq C_{i}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_{1} A_{2} \cdots A_{N}
Q
B_{1} C_{1}
B_{2} C_{2}
\vdots
B_{Q} C_{Q}

Output

Print Q integers S_{i} to Standard Output in the following format:

S_{1}
S_{2}
\vdots
S_{Q}

Note that S_{i} may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 3 4
3
1 2
3 4
2 4

Sample Output 1

11
12
16

Initially, the sequence A is 1,2,3,4.

After each operation, it becomes the following:

2, 2, 3, 4

2, 2, 4, 4

4, 4, 4, 4

Sample Input 2

4
1 1 1 1
3
1 2
2 1
3 5

Sample Output 2

8
4
4

Note that the sequence A may not contain an element whose value is B_{i}.

Sample Input 3

2
1 2
3
1 100
2 100
100 1000

Sample Output 3

102
200
2000

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::max;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::min;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::fmt;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::fmt::Debug;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::io;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::str::FromStr;

fn main() {
    // setup
    let _n: usize = get_vec_input()[0];
    let aaa: Vec<usize> = get_vec_input();
    let q: usize = get_vec_input()[0];
    let mut table: Vec<i64> = vec![0; 100001];
    for value in aaa {
        table[value] += 1;
    }

    let mut sum = 0;
    for (i, value) in table.iter().enumerate() {
        sum += (i as i64) * value;
    }
    for _ in 0..q {
        let input = get_vec_input();
        let b: usize = input[0];
        let c: usize = input[1];

        let b_count = table[b];
        table[b] = 0;
        table[c] += b_count;
        sum += (c as i64 - b as i64) * b_count;

        println!("{}", sum);
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
// fn get_alphabet() -> Vec<char> {
//     (0..26).map(|x| (x + b'a') as char).collect::<Vec<char>>();
// }
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn get_binary_string(digit: usize) -> Vec<String> {
    (0..2i64.pow(digit as u32))
        .map(|x| format!("{:0>1$b}", x, digit))
        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn check_prime(value: i64) -> bool {
    if value == 2 {
        return true;
    }
    if value % 2 == 0 {
        return false;
    }
    for i in 3..(value as f64).sqrt().floor() as i64 {
        if value % i == 0 {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn get_digit(value: i64) -> i64 {
    let mut digit = 0i64;
    let mut value = value;
    while value != 0 {
        value /= 10;
        digit += 1;
    }
    digit
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn sum_digit2(value: String) -> u32 {
    return value.chars().fold(0u32, |a, b| a + b.to_digit(10).unwrap());
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn sum_digit(value: i64) -> i64 {
    if value < 10 {
        return value;
    }
    return sum_digit(value / 10) + value % 10;
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn update_max<T>(left: &mut T, right: T)
where
    T: std::cmp::Ord + std::clone::Clone,
{
    if *left < right {
        *left = right.clone();
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn update_min<T>(left: &mut T, right: T)
where
    T: std::cmp::Ord + std::clone::Clone,
{
    if *left > right {
        *left = right.clone();
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn get_vec_input<T>() -> Vec<T>
where
    T: FromStr,
    T::Err: Debug,
{
    let mut input = String::new();
    io::stdin()
        .read_line(&mut input)
        .expect("Failed to read line");
    let vec: Vec<T> = input
        .split_whitespace()
        .map(|x| x.parse().unwrap())
        .collect();
    vec
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn get_tuple_input() -> (u64, f32) {
    let mut s = String::new();
    io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).expect("");
    let mut iter = s.trim().split_whitespace();
    let c: u64 = iter.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
    let n: f32 = iter.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
    (c, n)
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn get_string_input() -> String {
    let mut s = String::new();
    io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).expect("");
    s.trim().to_string()
}

/// https://github.com/bluss/permutohedron/blob/master/src/lexical.rs
pub trait LexicalPermutation {
    /// Return `true` if the slice was permuted, `false` if it is already
    /// at the last ordered permutation.
    fn next_permutation(&mut self) -> bool;
}

impl<T> LexicalPermutation for [T]
where
    T: Ord,
{
    /// Original author in Rust: Thomas Backman <serenity@exscape.org>
    fn next_permutation(&mut self) -> bool {
        // These cases only have 1 permutation each, so we can't do anything.
        if self.len() < 2 {
            return false;
        }

        // Step 1: Identify the longest, rightmost weakly decreasing part of the vector
        let mut i = self.len() - 1;
        while i > 0 && self[i - 1] >= self[i] {
            i -= 1;
        }

        // If that is the entire vector, this is the last-ordered permutation.
        if i == 0 {
            return false;
        }

        // Step 2: Find the rightmost element larger than the pivot (i-1)
        let mut j = self.len() - 1;
        while j >= i && self[j] <= self[i - 1] {
            j -= 1;
        }

        // Step 3: Swap that element with the pivot
        self.swap(j, i - 1);

        // Step 4: Reverse the (previously) weakly decreasing part
        self[i..].reverse();

        true
    }
}