Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

In a flower bed, there are N flowers, numbered 1,2,......,N. Initially, the heights of all flowers are 0.
You are given a sequence h=\{h_1,h_2,h_3,......\} as input. You would like to change the height of Flower k to h_k for all k (1 \leq k \leq N), by repeating the following "watering" operation:

Specify integers l and r. Increase the height of Flower x by 1 for all x such that l \leq x \leq r.

Find the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq h_i \leq 100

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
h_1 h_2 h_3 ...... h_N

Output

Print the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 1

Sample Output 1

2

The minimum number of watering operations required is 2.
One way to achieve it is:

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(1,3).

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(2,4).

Sample Input 2

5
3 1 2 3 1

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

8
4 23 75 0 23 96 50 100

Sample Output 3

221

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::fs::File;
use std::io::{stdout, BufWriter, Read, Write};
use std::thread;

fn main() {
    thread::Builder::new()
        .stack_size(32 * 1024 * 1024) // 32MB
        .spawn(run)
        .unwrap()
        .join()
        .unwrap();
}

/// ローカル環境なら _in.txt から入力を受ける
fn read_input() -> String {
    let stdin = std::io::stdin();
    let mut s = String::new();
    match option_env!("LOCAL") {
        Some(_) => File::open("src/_in.txt")
            .expect("File not found")
            .read_to_string(&mut s)
            .unwrap(),
        None => stdin.lock().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap(),
    };
    s
}

fn run() {
    let out = stdout();
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
    let input = read_input();
    let mut input = input.split_whitespace();

    let in_n: usize = input.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap();
    let mut in_h: Vec<i64> = input.map(|s| s.parse().unwrap()).collect();

    let mut ans = 0;
    while in_h.iter().max().unwrap() > &0 {
        let mut i = 0usize;
        while i < in_n {
            if in_h[i] > 0 {
                ans += 1;
                while i < in_n && in_h[i] > 0 {
                    in_h[i] -= 1;
                    i += 1;
                }
            }
            i += 1;
        }
    }
    writeln!(out, "{}", ans).ok();
}