Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

N tiles are arranged in a row from left to right. The initial color of each tile is represented by a string S of length N.

The i-th tile from the left is painted black if the i-th character of S is 0, and painted white if that character is 1.

You want to repaint some of the tiles black or white, so that any two adjacent tiles have different colors.

At least how many tiles need to be repainted to satisfy the condition?

Constraints

1 \leq |S| \leq 10^5

S_i is 0 or 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the minimum number of tiles that need to be repainted to satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

000

Sample Output 1

1

The condition can be satisfied by repainting the middle tile white.

Sample Input 2

10010010

Sample Output 2

3

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(unused_mut)]
#![allow(non_snake_case)]
#![allow(unused_macros)]
#![allow(unused_variables)]
#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(dead_code)]
// https://qiita.com/tanakh/items/0ba42c7ca36cd29d0ac8
macro_rules! input {
    (source = $s:expr, $($r:tt)*) => {
        let mut iter = $s.split_whitespace();
        let mut next = || { iter.next().unwrap() };
        input_inner!{next, $($r)*}
    };
    ($($r:tt)*) => {
        let stdin = std::io::stdin();
        let mut bytes = std::io::Read::bytes(std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock()));
        let mut next = move || -> String{
            bytes
                .by_ref()
                .map(|r|r.unwrap() as char)
                .skip_while(|c|c.is_whitespace())
                .take_while(|c|!c.is_whitespace())
                .collect()
        };
        input_inner!{next, $($r)*}
    };
}

macro_rules! input_inner {
    ($next:expr) => {};
    ($next:expr, ) => {};

    ($next:expr, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
        let mut $var = read_value!($next, $t);
        input_inner!{$next $($r)*}
    };
}

macro_rules! read_value {
    ($next:expr, ( $($t:tt),* )) => {
        ( $(read_value!($next, $t)),* )
    };

    ($next:expr, [ $t:tt ; $len:expr ]) => {
        (0..$len).map(|_| read_value!($next, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };

    ($next:expr, chars) => {
        read_value!($next, String).chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()
    };

    ($next:expr, usize1) => {
        read_value!($next, usize) - 1
    };

    ($next:expr, $t:ty) => {
        $next().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")
    };
}

macro_rules! max {
    ($x: expr) => ($x);
    ($x: expr, $($y: expr),+) => {
        cmp::max($x, max!($($y),+))
    };
}

macro_rules! min {
    ($x: expr) => ($x);
    ($x: expr, $($y: expr),+) => {
        cmp::min($x, min!($($y),+))
    };
}

const MOD: usize = 1_000_000_007;
const MAX: usize = 510_000;

struct BinCoeff {
    fac: Vec<usize>,
    finv: Vec<usize>,
    inv: Vec<usize>,
}

impl BinCoeff {
    fn new() -> BinCoeff {
        let fac = vec![0; MAX];
        let finv = vec![0; MAX];
        let inv = vec![0; MAX];
        let mut bincoeff = BinCoeff { fac: fac, finv: finv, inv: inv };
        bincoeff.com_init();
        bincoeff
    }

    fn com_init(&mut self) {
        let fac = &mut self.fac;
        let finv = &mut self.finv;
        let inv = &mut self.inv;
        fac[0] = 1;
        fac[1] = 1;
        finv[0] = 1;
        finv[1] = 1;
        inv[1] = 1;
        for i in 2..MAX {
            fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % MOD;
            inv[i] = MOD - inv[MOD%i] * (MOD / i) % MOD;
            finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i] % MOD;
        }
    }

    fn bin_coeff(&mut self, n: usize, k: usize) -> usize {
        if k > n/2 {
            self.bin_coeff(n-k, k)
        } else {
            self.fac[n] * (self.finv[k] * self.finv[n - k] % MOD) % MOD
        }
    }
}

// must input n <= m
fn gcd(n: usize, m: usize) -> usize {
    if n == 0 {
        m
    } else {
        gcd(m%n, n)
    }
}

use std::cmp;
use std::collections::{HashSet, BinaryHeap, VecDeque, HashMap};
use std::iter::FromIterator;
fn main() {
    input! {
        S: chars,
    }
    let S: Vec<char> = S;
    let N = S.len();
    let (even_zero, odd_zero) = S.iter().enumerate().filter(|&(_, cc)| *cc == '0' )
        .fold((0,0), |acc, (ind, _)| {
            if ind&1 == 0 {(acc.0+1, acc.1)}
            else {(acc.0, acc.1+1)}
        });
    let zero_start_count = ((N+1)/2 - even_zero) + odd_zero;
    let ans = cmp::min(zero_start_count, N - zero_start_count);
    println!("{}", ans);
}