Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There is an integer sequence A of length N whose values are unknown.

Given is an integer sequence B of length N-1 which is known to satisfy the following:

B_i \geq \max(A_i, A_{i+1})

Find the maximum possible sum of the elements of A.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq B_i \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
B_1 B_2 ... B_{N-1}

Output

Print the maximum possible sum of the elements of A.

Sample Input 1

3
2 5

Sample Output 1

9

A can be, for example, ( 2 , 1 , 5 ), ( -1 , -2 , -3 ), or ( 2 , 2 , 5 ). Among those candidates, A = ( 2 , 2 , 5 ) has the maximum possible sum.

Sample Input 2

2
3

Sample Output 2

6

Sample Input 3

6
0 153 10 10 23

Sample Output 3

53

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::str::FromStr;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::cmp;

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read_as_vec<T>() -> Vec<T>
where T: FromStr, <T as FromStr>::Err : Debug{
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
    s.trim().split_whitespace().map(|c| T::from_str(c).unwrap()).collect()

}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read_as_string() -> String{
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
    s.trim().to_string()
}

struct UnionFind{
    v: Vec<usize>
}

impl UnionFind{
    fn new(n: usize) -> UnionFind{
        let mut v: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
        for i in 0..n{
         v.push(i);
        }
        UnionFind{v:v}
    }

    fn find(&mut self, i: usize) -> usize{
        if self.v[i] == i{
            i
        }else{
            let ni = self.v[i];
            self.v[i] = self.find(ni);
            self.v[i]
        }
    }

    fn union(&mut self, i: usize, j: usize){
        let root_i = self.find(i);
        let root_j = self.find(j);
        self.v[root_i] = root_j;
    }

}

struct CombMod{
    fac: Vec<u64>,
    inv: Vec<u64>,
    finv: Vec<u64>,
    mmod: u64,
}

impl CombMod{
    pub fn new(max: u64, m: u64) -> CombMod{
        let max: usize = max as usize;
        let mut fac: Vec<u64> = vec![0;max+1];
        let mut finv: Vec<u64> = vec![0;max+1];
        let mut inv: Vec<u64> = vec![0;max+1];

        fac[0] = 1;
        fac[1] = 1;
        finv[0] = 1;
        finv[1] = 1;
        inv[1] = 1;

        for i in 2..max+1{
            fac[i] = fac[i-1] * i as u64 % m;
            inv[i] = m - inv[m as usize %i] * (m/(i as u64)) % m;
            finv[i] = finv[i-1] * inv[i] % m;
        }
        
        CombMod{
            fac: fac,
            finv: finv,
            inv: inv,
            mmod: m,
        }
    }

    fn get(&self, n: u64, m: u64) -> u64{
        assert!(n >= m && n != 0 && m != 0);
        self.fac[n as usize] * self.finv[m as usize] % self.mmod
            * self.finv[(n-m) as usize] % self.mmod
    }
}

fn main(){
    let n: usize = read_as_vec()[0];
    let b: Vec<i64> = read_as_vec();
    let mut a: Vec<i64> = vec![0;n];

    a[0] = b[0];

    for i in 1..n-1{
        a[i] = cmp::min(b[i-1], b[i]);
    }
    a[n-1] = b[n-2];
    
    println!("{}", a.into_iter().sum::<i64>());
}