Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

An altar enshrines N stones arranged in a row from left to right. The color of the i-th stone from the left (1 \leq i \leq N) is given to you as a character c_i; R stands for red and W stands for white.

You can do the following two kinds of operations any number of times in any order:

Choose two stones (not necessarily adjacent) and swap them.

Choose one stone and change its color (from red to white and vice versa).

According to a fortune-teller, a white stone placed to the immediate left of a red stone will bring a disaster. At least how many operations are needed to reach a situation without such a white stone?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 200000

c_i is R or W.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
c_{1}c_{2}...c_{N}

Output

Print an integer representing the minimum number of operations needed.

Sample Input 1

4
WWRR

Sample Output 1

2

For example, the two operations below will achieve the objective.

Swap the 1-st and 3-rd stones from the left, resulting in RWWR.

Change the color of the 4-th stone from the left, resulting in RWWW.

Sample Input 2

2
RR

Sample Output 2

0

It can be the case that no operation is needed.

Sample Input 3

8
WRWWRWRR

Sample Output 3

3

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(unused_macros)]
// use proconio::input;
use std::cmp::{Ordering::*, Reverse};
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, BinaryHeap, VecDeque};
use std::io::{self, BufWriter, Write};
use std::str::{self, SplitAsciiWhitespace};

// I have no idea what I'm doing

macro_rules! answer {
    ($out:ident, $ans:expr) => {
        writeln!($out, "{}", $ans)
    };
}

fn main() -> Result<(), io::Error> {
    let (stdin, stdout) = (io::stdin(), io::stdout());
    let mut scan = UnsafeScanner::new(stdin.lock());
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(stdout.lock());

    let n: usize = scan.token();
    let mut s: Vec<usize> = scan
        .token::<String>()
        .chars()
        .map(|c| if c == 'R' { 0 } else { 1 })
        .collect();

    let (mut l, mut r) = (0i32, (n - 1) as i32);

    let mut ans = 0;
    loop {
        while l < n as i32 && s[l as usize] == 0 {
            l += 1;
        }
        while r >= 0 && s[r as usize] == 1 {
            r -= 1;
        }

        if l <= r {
            ans += 1;
            s.swap(l as usize, r as usize);
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }

    answer!(out, ans)
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Mostly copied from https://github.com/EbTech/rust-algorithms/blob/master/src/scanner.rs
/// Same API as Scanner but nearly twice as fast, using horribly unsafe dark arts
/// **REQUIRES** Rust 1.34 or higher
pub struct UnsafeScanner<R> {
    reader: R,
    buf_str: Vec<u8>,
    buf_iter: SplitAsciiWhitespace<'static>,
}

impl<R: io::BufRead> UnsafeScanner<R> {
    pub fn new(reader: R) -> Self {
        Self {
            reader,
            buf_str: vec![],
            buf_iter: "".split_ascii_whitespace(),
        }
    }

    /// This function should be marked unsafe, but noone has time for that in a
    /// programming contest. Use at your own risk!
    pub fn token<T: str::FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
        loop {
            if let Some(token) = self.buf_iter.next() {
                return token.parse().ok().expect("Failed parse [Scanner]");
            }
            self.buf_str.clear();
            self.reader
                .read_until(b'\n', &mut self.buf_str)
                .expect("Failed read");
            self.buf_iter = unsafe {
                let slice = str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.buf_str);
                std::mem::transmute(slice.split_ascii_whitespace())
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn pair<T: str::FromStr>(&mut self) -> (T, T) {
        (self.token(), self.token())
    }
}

// aka #![feature(bool_to_option)]
trait BoolThen {
    fn then_<T>(self, f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> Option<T>;
}

impl BoolThen for bool {
    fn then_<T>(self, f: impl FnOnce() -> T) -> Option<T> {
        if self {
            Some(f())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

trait BoolToYes {
    fn yes(self) -> &'static str;
}

impl BoolToYes for bool {
    fn yes(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            true => "Yes",
            false => "No",
        }
    }
}