Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cities numbered 1 through N, and M bidirectional roads numbered 1 through M.
Road i connects City A_i and City B_i.

Snuke can perform the following operation zero or more times:

Choose two distinct cities that are not directly connected by a road, and build a new road between the two cities.

After he finishes the operations, it must be possible to travel from any city to any other cities by following roads (possibly multiple times).

What is the minimum number of roads he must build to achieve the goal?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 100,000

1 \leq M \leq 100,000

1 \leq A_i < B_i \leq N

No two roads connect the same pair of cities.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
A_1 B_1
:
A_M B_M

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3 1
1 2

Sample Output 1

1

Initially, there are three cities, and there is a road between City 1 and City 2.

Snuke can achieve the goal by building one new road, for example, between City 1 and City 3.
After that,

We can travel between 1 and 2 directly.

We can travel between 1 and 3 directly.

We can travel between 2 and 3 by following both roads (2 - 1 - 3).

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn main() {
    let stdin = stdin();
    solve(StdinReader::new(stdin.lock()));
}

pub fn solve<R: BufRead>(mut reader: StdinReader<R>) {
    let (n, m) = reader.u2();
    let ab = reader.uv2(m);

    let mut uf = UnionFind::new(n);
    for (a, b) in ab {
        uf.unite(a, b);
    }

    let mut s = HashSet::new();
    for i in 1..=n {
        s.insert(uf.root(i));
    }

    println!("{}", s.len() - 1);
}

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use union_find::*;

#[allow(dead_code)]
mod union_find {
    pub struct UnionFind {
        parent: Vec<usize>,
        rank: Vec<usize>,
    }

    impl UnionFind {
        pub fn new(n: usize) -> UnionFind {
            let mut parent = vec![0; n + 1];
            let rank = vec![0; n + 1];
            for i in 1..(n + 1) {
                parent[i] = i;
            }
            UnionFind { parent, rank }
        }

        pub fn root(&mut self, x: usize) -> usize {
            if self.parent[x] == x {
                x
            } else {
                let p = self.parent[x];
                self.parent[x] = self.root(p);
                self.parent[x]
            }
        }

        pub fn rank(&self, x: usize) -> usize {
            self.rank[x]
        }

        pub fn same(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) -> bool {
            self.root(x) == self.root(y)
        }

        pub fn unite(&mut self, x: usize, y: usize) {
            let mut x = self.root(x);
            let mut y = self.root(y);
            if x == y {
                return;
            }
            if self.rank(x) < self.rank(y) {
                let tmp = y;
                y = x;
                x = tmp;
            }
            if self.rank(x) == self.rank(y) {
                self.rank[x] += 1;
            }
            self.parent[x] = y;
        }
    }
}

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use itertools::Itertools;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::{cmp::*, collections::*, io::*, num::*, str::*};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
pub use stdin_reader::StdinReader;

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub mod stdin_reader {
    use std::{fmt::Debug, io::*, str::*};

    pub struct StdinReader<R: BufRead> {
        reader: R,
        buf: Vec<u8>,
        // Should never be empty
        pos: usize, // Should never be out of bounds as long as the input ends with '\n'
    }

    impl<R: BufRead> StdinReader<R> {
        pub fn new(reader: R) -> StdinReader<R> {
            let (buf, pos) = (Vec::new(), 0);
            StdinReader { reader, buf, pos }
        }

        pub fn n<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T
        where
            T::Err: Debug,
        {
            if self.buf.is_empty() {
                self._read_next_line();
            }
            let mut start = None;
            while self.pos != self.buf.len() {
                match (self.buf[self.pos], start.is_some()) {
                    (b' ', true) | (b'\n', true) => break,
                    (_, true) | (b' ', false) => self.pos += 1,
                    (b'\n', false) => self._read_next_line(),
                    (_, false) => start = Some(self.pos),
                }
            }
            match start {
                Some(s) => from_utf8(&self.buf[s..self.pos]).unwrap().parse().unwrap(),
                None => panic!("入力された数を超えた読み込みが発生しています"),
            }
        }

        fn _read_next_line(&mut self) {
            self.pos = 0;
            self.buf.clear();
            if self.reader.read_until(b'\n', &mut self.buf).unwrap() == 0 {
                panic!("Reached EOF");
            }
        }

        pub fn str(&mut self) -> String {
            self.n()
        }
        pub fn s(&mut self) -> Vec<char> {
            self.n::<String>().chars().collect()
        }
        pub fn i(&mut self) -> i64 {
            self.n()
        }
        pub fn i2(&mut self) -> (i64, i64) {
            (self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn i3(&mut self) -> (i64, i64, i64) {
            (self.n(), self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn u(&mut self) -> usize {
            self.n()
        }
        pub fn u2(&mut self) -> (usize, usize) {
            (self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn u3(&mut self) -> (usize, usize, usize) {
            (self.n(), self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn u4(&mut self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) {
            (self.n(), self.n(), self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn u5(&mut self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize, usize) {
            (self.n(), self.n(), self.n(), self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn u6(&mut self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize, usize, usize) {
            (self.n(), self.n(), self.n(), self.n(), self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn f(&mut self) -> f64 {
            self.n()
        }
        pub fn f2(&mut self) -> (f64, f64) {
            (self.n(), self.n())
        }
        pub fn c(&mut self) -> char {
            self.n::<String>().pop().unwrap()
        }
        pub fn iv(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<i64> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.i()).collect()
        }
        pub fn iv2(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(i64, i64)> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.i2()).collect()
        }
        pub fn iv3(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(i64, i64, i64)> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.i3()).collect()
        }
        pub fn uv(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.u()).collect()
        }
        pub fn uv2(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.u2()).collect()
        }
        pub fn uv3(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(usize, usize, usize)> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.u3()).collect()
        }
        pub fn uv4(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<(usize, usize, usize, usize)> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.u4()).collect()
        }
        pub fn fv(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<f64> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.f()).collect()
        }
        pub fn cmap(&mut self, h: usize) -> Vec<Vec<char>> {
            (0..h).map(|_| self.s()).collect()
        }
    }
}