Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

There are N piles of stones. The i-th pile has A_i stones.

Aoki and Takahashi are about to use them to play the following game:

Starting with Aoki, the two players alternately do the following operation:

Operation: Choose one pile of stones, and remove one or more stones from it.

When a player is unable to do the operation, he loses, and the other player wins.

When the two players play optimally, there are two possibilities in this game: the player who moves first always wins, or the player who moves second always wins, only depending on the initial number of stones in each pile.

In such a situation, Takahashi, the second player to act, is trying to guarantee his win by moving at least zero and at most (A_1 - 1) stones from the 1-st pile to the 2-nd pile before the game begins.

If this is possible, print the minimum number of stones to move to guarantee his victory; otherwise, print -1 instead.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 300

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^{12}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 \ldots A_N

Output

Print the minimum number of stones to move to guarantee Takahashi's win; otherwise, print -1 instead.

Sample Input 1

2
5 3

Sample Output 1

1

Without moving stones, if Aoki first removes 2 stones from the 1-st pile, Takahashi cannot win in any way.

If Takahashi moves 1 stone from the 1-st pile to the 2-nd before the game begins so that both piles have 4 stones, Takahashi can always win by properly choosing his actions.

Sample Input 2

2
3 5

Sample Output 2

-1

It is not allowed to move stones from the 2-nd pile to the 1-st.

Sample Input 3

3
1 1 2

Sample Output 3

-1

It is not allowed to move all stones from the 1-st pile.

Sample Input 4

8
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

Sample Output 4

3

Sample Input 5

3
4294967297 8589934593 12884901890

Sample Output 5

1

Watch out for overflows.

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use proconio::*;

fn run() {
    input! {
        n: usize,
        a: [i64; n],
    }
    let xor = a.iter().skip(2).fold(0, |s, a| s ^ *a);
    let sum = a[0] + a[1];
    let w = 41i64;
    let mut x = a[0];
    while x > 0 && x ^ (sum - x) ^ xor != 0 {
        let z = x ^ (sum - x) ^ xor;
        let k = (0..w).rev().find(|k| z >> k & 1 == 1).unwrap();
        let m = 1 << k;
        let a = x % m + 1;
        let b = m - (sum - x) % m;
        x -= std::cmp::min(a, b);
    }
    if x > 0 {
        let ans = a[0] - x;
        println!("{}", ans);
    } else {
        println!("-1");
    }
}

fn main() {
    run();
}