Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

Given are integers L and R. Find the number, modulo 10^9 + 7, of pairs of integers (x, y) (L \leq x \leq y \leq R) such that the remainder when y is divided by x is equal to y \mbox{ XOR } x.

What is \mbox{ XOR }?

The XOR of integers A and B, A \mbox{ XOR } B, is defined as follows:

When A \mbox{ XOR } B is written in base two, the digit in the 2^k's place (k \geq 0) is 1 if either A or B, but not both, has 1 in the 2^k's place, and 0 otherwise.

For example, 3 \mbox{ XOR } 5 = 6. (In base two: 011 \mbox{ XOR } 101 = 110.)

Constraints

1 \leq L \leq R \leq 10^{18}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

L R

Output

Print the number of pairs of integers (x, y) (L \leq x \leq y \leq R) satisfying the condition, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Sample Input 1

2 3

Sample Output 1

3

Three pairs satisfy the condition: (2, 2), (2, 3), and (3, 3).

Sample Input 2

10 100

Sample Output 2

604

Sample Input 3

1 1000000000000000000

Sample Output 3

68038601

Be sure to compute the number modulo 10^9 + 7.

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(unused_macros)]
use itertools::Itertools;
use std::cmp::{max, min};
use std::collections::*;
use std::i64;
use std::io::{stdin, Read};
use std::usize;

trait ChMinMax {
    fn chmin(&mut self, other: Self);
    fn chmax(&mut self, other: Self);
}
impl<T> ChMinMax for T
where
    T: PartialOrd,
{
    fn chmin(&mut self, other: Self) {
        if *self > other {
            *self = other
        }
    }
    fn chmax(&mut self, other: Self) {
        if *self < other {
            *self = other
        }
    }
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! parse {
    ($it: ident ) => {};
    ($it: ident, ) => {};
    ($it: ident, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
        let $var = parse_val!($it, $t);
        parse!($it $($r)*);
    };
    ($it: ident, mut $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
        let mut $var = parse_val!($it, $t);
        parse!($it $($r)*);
    };
    ($it: ident, $var:ident $($r:tt)*) => {
        let $var = parse_val!($it, usize);
        parse!($it $($r)*);
    };
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! parse_val {
    ($it: ident, [$t:tt; $len:expr]) => {
        (0..$len).map(|_| parse_val!($it, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
    };
    ($it: ident, ($($t: tt),*)) => {
        ($(parse_val!($it, $t)),*)
    };
    ($it: ident, u1) => {
        $it.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap() -1
    };
    ($it: ident, $t: ty) => {
        $it.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap()
    };
}

use std::fmt::Display;
use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Sub, SubAssign};
use std::str::FromStr;
pub const MOD: usize = 1000_000_007;

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Debug, Default)]
pub struct Mint<T>(pub T);

impl Mint<usize> {
    pub fn pow(self, exp: usize) -> Self {
        let mut exp = exp;
        let mut v = self;
        let mut ret = Mint(1);
        while exp > 0 {
            if exp & 1 == 1 {
                ret *= v;
            }
            v *= v;
            exp >>= 1;
        }
        ret
    }
    pub fn inv(self) -> Self {
        self.pow(MOD - 2)
    }
}

impl<T: Display + Copy + PartialEq> Display for Mint<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
    }
}

impl<T: FromStr + Copy + PartialEq> FromStr for Mint<T> {
    type Err = T::Err;
    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
        let v = T::from_str(s)?;
        Ok(Mint(v))
    }
}

impl Add<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn add(self, rhs: usize) -> Self::Output {
        Mint((self.0 + rhs) % MOD)
    }
}

impl Add for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self + rhs.0
    }
}

impl AddAssign<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        *self = *self + rhs;
    }
}

impl AddAssign for Mint<usize> {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self + rhs;
    }
}

impl Sub<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn sub(self, rhs: usize) -> Self::Output {
        let rhs = rhs % MOD;
        let lhs = self.0 + if self.0 < rhs { MOD } else { 0 };
        Mint(lhs - rhs)
    }
}

impl Sub for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self - rhs.0
    }
}

impl SubAssign<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        *self = *self - rhs
    }
}

impl SubAssign for Mint<usize> {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self - rhs
    }
}

impl Mul<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn mul(self, rhs: usize) -> Self::Output {
        Mint((self.0 * rhs) % MOD)
    }
}

impl Mul for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self * rhs.0
    }
}

impl MulAssign<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        *self = *self * rhs;
    }
}

impl MulAssign for Mint<usize> {
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self * rhs;
    }
}

impl Div<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn div(self, rhs: usize) -> Self::Output {
        self * Mint(rhs).pow(MOD - 2)
    }
}

impl Div for Mint<usize> {
    type Output = Self;
    fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
        self / rhs.0
    }
}

impl DivAssign<usize> for Mint<usize> {
    fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: usize) {
        *self = *self / rhs;
    }
}
impl DivAssign for Mint<usize> {
    fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
        *self = *self / rhs;
    }
}

fn solve(s: &str) {
    let mut it = s.split_whitespace();
    parse!(it, l: usize, r: usize);
    const n: usize = 62;
    let mut dp = vec![vec![vec![vec![Mint(0usize); 2]; 2]; 2]; n];
    dp[0][0][0][0] = Mint(1usize);
    for i in 0..(n - 1) {
        let li = (l >> (n - 2 - i)) & 1;
        let ri = (r >> (n - 2 - i)) & 1;
        for z in 0..=1 {
            for a in 0..=1 {
                for b in 0..=1 {
                    let tmp = dp[i][z][a][b];
                    // (0, 0)
                    if li == 0 || a == 1 {
                        if ri == 0 {
                            dp[i + 1][z][a][b] += tmp
                        } else {
                            dp[i + 1][z][a][1] += tmp;
                        }
                    }
                    // (0, 1)
                    if (li == 0 || a == 1) && (ri == 1 || b == 1) && z == 1 {
                        dp[i + 1][z][a][b] += tmp;
                    }

                    // (1, 1)
                    if ri == 1 || b == 1 {
                        if li == 1 {
                            dp[i + 1][1][a][b] += tmp;
                        } else {
                            dp[i + 1][1][1][b] += tmp;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    eprintln!("{:?}", dp[n - 3]); // DEBUG
    eprintln!("{:?}", dp[n - 2]); // DEBUG
    let mut ret = Mint(0);
    for z in 0..=1 {
        for a in 0..=1 {
            for b in 0..=1 {
                ret += dp[n - 1][z][a][b]
            }
        }
    }
    println!("{}", ret);
}

fn main() {
    let mut s = String::new();
    stdin().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
    solve(&s);
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    #[test]
    fn test_input() {
        let s = "
        ";
        solve(s);
    }
}