Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn solve(n: usize) -> usize {
    if n == 1 {
        return 0;
    }

    let mut acc = 0;
    for i in 0..n {
        acc += i;
    }

    acc
}

#[test]
fn solve_test() {
    assert_eq!(solve(13), 78);
    assert_eq!(solve(2), 1);
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! parse_line {
    ( $t:ty ) => (
        {
            let mut line = String::new();
            ::std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
            let mut iter = line.split_whitespace();
            iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap()
        }
    );

    ( $( $t:ty), +) => (
        {
            let mut line = String::new();
            ::std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
            let mut iter = line.split_whitespace();
            ( $(iter.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap()),* )
        }
    );
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! read_line {
    () => {{
        let mut line = String::new();
        ::std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
        line.pop();
        line
    }};
}

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! parse_vec {
    ( $t:ty ) => {{
        let mut line = String::new();
        ::std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
        let iter = line.split_whitespace();
        iter.map(|v| v.parse::<$t>().unwrap()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    }};
}

fn main() {
    let n = parse_line!(usize);
    println!("{}", solve(n));
}