Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

You have a sequence A composed of N positive integers: A_{1}, A_{2}, \cdots, A_{N}.

You will now successively do the following Q operations:

In the i-th operation, you replace every element whose value is B_{i} with C_{i}.

For each i (1 \leq i \leq Q), find S_{i}: the sum of all elements in A just after the i-th operation.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N, Q, A_{i}, B_{i}, C_{i} \leq 10^{5}

B_{i} \neq C_{i}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_{1} A_{2} \cdots A_{N}
Q
B_{1} C_{1}
B_{2} C_{2}
\vdots
B_{Q} C_{Q}

Output

Print Q integers S_{i} to Standard Output in the following format:

S_{1}
S_{2}
\vdots
S_{Q}

Note that S_{i} may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 3 4
3
1 2
3 4
2 4

Sample Output 1

11
12
16

Initially, the sequence A is 1,2,3,4.

After each operation, it becomes the following:

2, 2, 3, 4

2, 2, 4, 4

4, 4, 4, 4

Sample Input 2

4
1 1 1 1
3
1 2
2 1
3 5

Sample Output 2

8
4
4

Note that the sequence A may not contain an element whose value is B_{i}.

Sample Input 3

2
1 2
3
1 100
2 100
100 1000

Sample Output 3

102
200
2000

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

#![allow(unused_parens)]
#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
#![allow(non_snake_case)]
#![allow(unused_mut)]
#![allow(unused_variables)]
#![allow(dead_code)]

use itertools::Itertools;
use proconio::input;
use proconio::marker::{Chars, Usize1};

#[allow(unused_macros)]
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
macro_rules! mydbg {
    //($arg:expr) => (dbg!($arg))
    //($arg:expr) => (println!("{:?}",$arg));
      ($($a:expr),*) => {
          eprintln!(concat!($(stringify!($a), " = {:?}, "),*), $($a),*);
      }
}
#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
macro_rules! mydbg {
    ($($arg:expr),*) => {};
}

macro_rules! echo {
    ($($a:expr),*) => {
          $(println!("{}",$a))*
      }
}

use std::cmp::*;
use std::collections::*;
use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Sub};

#[allow(dead_code)]
static INF_I64: i64 = 92233720368547758;
#[allow(dead_code)]
static INF_I32: i32 = 21474836;
#[allow(dead_code)]
static INF_USIZE: usize = 18446744073709551;
#[allow(dead_code)]
static M_O_D: usize = 1000000007;
#[allow(dead_code)]
static PAI: f64 = 3.1415926535897932;

trait IteratorExt: Iterator {
    fn toVec(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>;
}

impl<T: Iterator> IteratorExt for T {
    fn toVec(self) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        self.collect()
    }
}

trait CharExt {
    fn toNum(&self) -> usize;
    fn toAlphabetIndex(&self) -> usize;
    fn toNumIndex(&self) -> usize;
}
impl CharExt for char {
    fn toNum(&self) -> usize {
        return *self as usize;
    }
    fn toAlphabetIndex(&self) -> usize {
        return self.toNum() - 'a' as usize;
    }
    fn toNumIndex(&self) -> usize {
        return self.toNum() - '0' as usize;
    }
}

trait VectorExt {
    fn joinToString(&self, s: &str) -> String;
}
impl<T: ToString> VectorExt for Vec<T> {
    fn joinToString(&self, s: &str) -> String {
        return self
            .iter()
            .map(|x| x.to_string())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .join(s);
    }
}

trait StringExt {
    fn get_reverse(&self) -> String;
}
impl StringExt for String {
    fn get_reverse(&self) -> String {
        self.chars().rev().collect::<String>()
    }
}

trait UsizeExt {
    fn pow(&self, n: usize) -> usize;
}
impl UsizeExt for usize {
    fn pow(&self, n: usize) -> usize {
        return ((*self as u64).pow(n as u32)) as usize;
    }
}

pub trait Monoid {
    type T: Clone;
    fn id() -> Self::T;
    fn op(a: &Self::T, b: &Self::T) -> Self::T;
}
pub struct SegTree<M: Monoid> {
    n: usize,
    data: Vec<M::T>,
}
impl<M: Monoid> SegTree<M> {
    pub fn new(n_: usize) -> SegTree<M> {
        let mut n = 1 as usize;
        while (n < n_) {
            n *= 2;
        }
        SegTree {
            n: n,
            data: vec![M::id().clone(); (2 * n)],
        }
    }
    #[macro_use]
    pub fn update(&mut self, index: usize, v: M::T) {
        let mut k = index + self.n - 1;
        self.data[k] = v;
        while (k > 0) {
            k = (k - 1) / 2;
            self.data[k] = M::op(&self.data[2 * k + 1], &self.data[2 * k + 2]);
        }
    }
    pub fn query(&mut self, l: usize, r: usize) -> M::T {
        let mut l = l + self.n - 1;
        let mut r = r + self.n - 1;
        if (l == r) {
            return M::op(&M::id().clone(), &self.data[l]);
        }
        mydbg!((self.n, (&self.data.len() + 1) / 2));
        let mut ret = M::id().clone();
        while (l < r) {
            if (l % 2 == 0) {
                ret = M::op(&ret, &self.data[l]);
                mydbg!(("left", l, r));
            }
            if (r % 2 == 0) {
                ret = M::op(&ret, &self.data[r - 1]);
                mydbg!(("right", l, r));
            }
            l = l / 2;
            r = (r - 1) / 2;
        }
        return ret;
    }
}
struct SUM;
impl Monoid for SUM {
    type T = u64;
    fn id() -> Self::T {
        0
    }
    fn op(a: &Self::T, b: &Self::T) -> Self::T {
        *a + *b
    }
}

fn main() {
    input! {
       N: usize,
       a:[u64;N],
       Q:usize,
       query:[(u64,u64);Q],
    }

    let mut ans: usize = 0;
    let mut st: SegTree<SUM> = SegTree::new(N);
    let mut h = HashMap::new();

    for i in 0..N {
        st.update(i, a[i]);
        let mut hp = h.entry(a[i]).or_insert(vec![]);
        hp.push(i);
    }
    for &(a, b) in &query {
        if let Some(x) = h.get(&a) {
            let mut tmp = vec![];
            for &item in x {
                st.update(item, b);
                tmp.push(item);
            }
            let mut hp = h.entry(a).or_insert(vec![]);
            *hp = vec![];
            for &item in &tmp {
                let mut hp = h.entry(b).or_insert(vec![]);
                hp.push(item);
            }
        }
        echo!(st.query(0, N));
    }
}