Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(unused_imports)]

use std::cmp::{max, min, Ordering};
use std::collections::*;
use std::iter::once;
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
include! {"./debug.rs"}

#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
macro_rules! debug {
    ($($arg:expr),*) => {};
}

macro_rules! read {
    ([$t:ident] ; $n:expr) =>
        ((0..$n).map(|_| read!([$t])).collect::<Vec<_>>());
    ([$t:ident]) =>
        (rl().split_whitespace().map(|w| read_type!(w, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
    (_, [$t:ident] ; $n:expr) =>
        ((0..$n).map(|_| read!(_, [$t])).collect::<Vec<_>>());
    (_, [$t:ident]) =>
        (rl().split_whitespace().skip(1).map(|w| read_type!(w, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
    ($($t:ident),+ ; $n:expr) =>
        ((0..$n).map(|_| read!($($t),+)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
    ($t:ident) => (read_type!(rl(), $t));
    ($($t:ident),*) => {{
        let buf = rl();
        let mut w = buf.split_whitespace();
        ($(read_type!(w.next().unwrap(), $t)),*)
    }};
}

macro_rules! read_type {
    ($s:expr, chars) => {
        $s.chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()
    };
    ($s:expr, usize1) => {
        read_type!($s, usize) - 1
    };
    ($s:expr, $t:ty) => {
        $s.parse::<$t>().unwrap()
    };
}

fn rl() -> String {
    let mut buf = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut buf).unwrap();
    buf.trim_right().to_owned()
}

trait IteratorExt: Iterator + Sized {
    fn vec(self) -> Vec<Self::Item> {
        self.collect()
    }
}

impl<T: Iterator> IteratorExt for T {}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn main() {
    let n = read!(usize);
    let p = read!([i64]);

    let ans = p
        .windows(3)
        .filter(|&a| {
            debug!(a);
            a[0] < a[1] && a[1] < a[2] && a[0] < a[2] || a[0] > a[1] && a[1] > a[2] && a[0] > a[2]
        })
        .count();

    println!("{}", ans);
}