Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input {
        (source = $s:expr, $($r:tt)*) => {
            let mut iter = $s.split_whitespace();
            let mut next = || { iter.next().unwrap() };
            input_inner!{next, $($r)*}
        };
        ($($r:tt)*) => {
            let stdin = std::io::stdin();
            let mut bytes = std::io::Read::bytes(std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock()));
            let mut next = move || -> String{
                bytes
                    .by_ref()
                    .map(|r|r.unwrap() as char)
                    .skip_while(|c|c.is_whitespace())
                    .take_while(|c|!c.is_whitespace())
                    .collect()
            };
            input_inner!{next, $($r)*}
        };
    }

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input_inner {
        ($next:expr) => {};
        ($next:expr, ) => {};

        ($next:expr, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
            let $var = read_value!($next, $t);
            input_inner!{$next $($r)*}
        };

        ($next:expr, mut $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
            let mut $var = read_value!($next, $t);
            input_inner!{$next $($r)*}
        };
    }

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! read_value {
        ($next:expr, ( $($t:tt),* )) => {
            ( $(read_value!($next, $t)),* )
        };

        ($next:expr, [ $t:tt ; $len:expr ]) => {
            (0..$len).map(|_| read_value!($next, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
        };

        ($next:expr, chars) => {
            read_value!($next, String).chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()
        };

        ($next:expr, bytes) => {
            read_value!($next, String).into_bytes()
        };

        ($next:expr, usize1) => {
            read_value!($next, usize) - 1
        };

        ($next:expr, $t:ty) => {
            $next().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")
        };
    }

fn main() {
    input! {
            n: u32,
        }

    let answer = (n as u64 * (n as u64 - 1u64)) / 2u64;

    println!("{}", answer);
}