Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn read_line() -> String {
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).unwrap();
    s.trim_right().to_owned()
}

fn as_u64(line: String) -> u64 {
    line.parse().unwrap()
}

fn sum(n: u64) -> u64 {
    n * (n - 1) / 2
}

fn main() {
    let n = as_u64(read_line());
    println!("{}", sum(n));
}