Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N stones arranged in a row. Every stone is painted white or black.
A string S represents the color of the stones. The i-th stone from the left is white if the i-th character of S is ., and the stone is black if the character is #.

Takahashi wants to change the colors of some stones to black or white so that there will be no white stone immediately to the right of a black stone.
Find the minimum number of stones that needs to be recolored.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5

S is a string of length N consisting of . and #.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the minimum number of stones that needs to be recolored.

Sample Input 1

3
#.#

Sample Output 1

1

It is enough to change the color of the first stone to white.

Sample Input 2

5
#.##.

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

9
.........

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

// This code is generated by [cargo-atcoder](https://github.com/tanakh/cargo-atcoder)
// Original source code:
/*
#![allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
use std::collections::*;
use itertools::Itertools;
use num::clamp;
use proconio::{input, marker::*, fastout};
use superslice::*;

#[fastout()]
fn main() {
    input! {
        n: usize,
        s: Chars
    }

    if s.iter().all_equal() {
        println!("0");
        return;
    }

    let mut wcum = vec![0; n+1];
    let mut bcum = vec![0; n+1];
    for i in 0..n {
        if s[i] == '.' {
            wcum[i+1] = wcum[i] + 1;
            bcum[i+1] = bcum[i];
        } else {
            wcum[i+1] = wcum[i];
            bcum[i+1] = bcum[i] + 1;
        }
    }
    let mut ans = n;
    for i in 0..=n {
        let to_white = bcum[i];
        let to_black = wcum[n] - wcum[i];
        ans = min(ans, to_white + to_black);
    }
    println!("{}", ans);
}
*/

fn main() {
    let exe = "/tmp/binBC498CB6";
    std::io::Write::write_all(&mut std::fs::File::create(exe).unwrap(), &decode(BIN)).unwrap();
    std::fs::set_permissions(exe, std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt::from_mode(0o755)).unwrap();
    std::process::exit(std::process::Command::new(exe).status().unwrap().code().unwrap())
}

fn decode(v: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
    let mut ret = vec![];
    let mut buf = 0;
    let mut tbl = vec![64; 256];
    for i in 0..64 { tbl[TBL[i] as usize] = i as u8; }
    for (i, c) in v.bytes().filter_map(|c| { let c = tbl[c as usize]; if c < 64 { Some(c) } else { None } }).enumerate() {
        match i % 4 {
            0 => buf = c << 2,
            1 => { ret.push(buf | c >> 4); buf = c << 4; }
            2 => { ret.push(buf | c >> 2); buf = c << 6; }
            3 => ret.push(buf | c),
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }
    ret
}

const TBL: &'static [u8] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
const BIN: &'static str = "<base64-encoded ELF executable removed>";