Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

In a flower bed, there are N flowers, numbered 1,2,......,N. Initially, the heights of all flowers are 0.
You are given a sequence h=\{h_1,h_2,h_3,......\} as input. You would like to change the height of Flower k to h_k for all k (1 \leq k \leq N), by repeating the following "watering" operation:

Specify integers l and r. Increase the height of Flower x by 1 for all x such that l \leq x \leq r.

Find the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq h_i \leq 100

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
h_1 h_2 h_3 ...... h_N

Output

Print the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 1

Sample Output 1

2

The minimum number of watering operations required is 2.
One way to achieve it is:

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(1,3).

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(2,4).

Sample Input 2

5
3 1 2 3 1

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

8
4 23 75 0 23 96 50 100

Sample Output 3

221

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::char::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::*;

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! debug {($($a:expr),*) => {println!(concat!($(stringify!($a), " = {:?}, "),*), $($a),*);}}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input { ( source = $ s : expr , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let mut iter = $ s . split_whitespace ( ) ; let mut next = || { iter . next ( ) . unwrap ( ) } ; input_inner ! { next , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let stdin = std :: io :: stdin ( ) ; let mut bytes = std :: io :: Read :: bytes ( std :: io :: BufReader :: new ( stdin . lock ( ) ) ) ; let mut next = move || -> String { bytes . by_ref ( ) . map ( | r | r . unwrap ( ) as char ) . skip_while ( | c | c . is_whitespace ( ) ) . take_while ( | c |! c . is_whitespace ( ) ) . collect ( ) } ; input_inner ! { next , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; }
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input_inner { ( $ next : expr ) => { } ; ( $ next : expr , ) => { } ; ( $ next : expr , $ var : ident : $ t : tt $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let $ var = read_value ! ( $ next , $ t ) ; input_inner ! { $ next $ ( $ r ) * } } ; }
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! read_value { ( $ next : expr , ( $ ( $ t : tt ) ,* ) ) => { ( $ ( read_value ! ( $ next , $ t ) ) ,* ) } ; ( $ next : expr , [ $ t : tt ; $ len : expr ] ) => { ( 0 ..$ len ) . map ( | _ | read_value ! ( $ next , $ t ) ) . collect ::< Vec < _ >> ( ) } ; ( $ next : expr , chars ) => { read_value ! ( $ next , String ) . chars ( ) . collect ::< Vec < char >> ( ) } ; ( $ next : expr , usize1 ) => { read_value ! ( $ next , usize ) - 1 } ; ( $ next : expr , $ t : ty ) => { $ next ( ) . parse ::<$ t > ( ) . expect ( "Parse error" ) } ; }

#[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
pub struct Total<T>(pub T);
impl<T: PartialEq> Eq for Total<T> {}
impl<T: PartialOrd> Ord for Total<T> { fn cmp(&self, other: &Total<T>) -> std::cmp::Ordering { self.0.partial_cmp(&other.0).unwrap() }}

#[allow(dead_code)]
const MAX:usize = 100006;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_U32:u32 = 1 << 31;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_I32:i32 = 1 << 30;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_U64:u64 = 1 << 63;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_I64:i64 = 1 << 62;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const MOD:i64 = 1e9 as i64 + 7;

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).ok();
    s.trim().split_whitespace()
        .map(|e| e.parse().ok().unwrap()).collect()
}


#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::f64;

fn main() {
    input!{n:usize, h:[i64;n]};
    let mut h = h;
    h.insert(0,0);
    h.push(0);

    let mut ans = 0i64;

    loop {
        let mut mn:i64 = 1000;
        let mut first:usize = h.len();
        let mut last:usize = 0;
        //debug!(h);
        for i in 0..h.len() {
            if h[i] != 0 {
                first = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        for i in first..h.len() {
            if h[i] == 0 {
                last = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        if first == h.len() { break; }
        for i in first..last {
            mn = min(mn,h[i]);
        }
        for i in first..last {
            h[i] -= mn;
        }
        ans += mn;
    }

    println!("{}", ans);

}