Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There is a knight - the chess piece - at the origin (0, 0) of a two-dimensional grid.

When the knight is at the square (i, j), it can be moved to either (i+1,j+2) or (i+2, j+1).

In how many ways can the knight reach the square (X, Y)?

Find the number of ways modulo 10^9 + 7.

Constraints

1 \leq X \leq 10^6

1 \leq Y \leq 10^6

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y

Output

Print the number of ways for the knight to reach (X, Y) from (0, 0), modulo 10^9 + 7.

Sample Input 1

3 3

Sample Output 1

2

There are two ways: (0,0) \to (1,2) \to (3,3) and (0,0) \to (2,1) \to (3,3).

Sample Input 2

2 2

Sample Output 2

0

The knight cannot reach (2,2).

Sample Input 3

999999 999999

Sample Output 3

151840682

Print the number of ways modulo 10^9 + 7.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

// SNIPPET modp
pub type ModPBase = u64;
pub type ModPModulus = u32;
static mut MODULUS: ModPBase = 0;
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct ModP {
    base: ModPBase
}
impl ModP {
    pub unsafe fn set_mod(modulus: ModPModulus) -> Result<(), String> {
        if modulus <= 1 {
            return Err(format!("{} is not a prime number.", modulus));
        }
        if modulus >= 4 {
            if modulus % 2 == 0 || modulus % 3 == 0 {
                return Err(format!("{} is not a prime number.", modulus));
            }
            let mut divisor = 5;
            loop {
                if divisor * divisor > modulus {
                    break;
                }
                if modulus % divisor == 0 {
                    return Err(format!("{} is not a prime number.", modulus));
                }
                divisor += 2;
                if divisor * divisor > modulus {
                    break;
                }
                if modulus % divisor == 0 {
                    return Err(format!("{} is not a prime number.", modulus));
                }
                divisor += 4;
            }
        }
        MODULUS = modulus as ModPBase;
        Ok(())
    }
    pub fn new(n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        if !cfg!(test) {
            assert!(unsafe { MODULUS } != 0,
                    "Call ModP::set_mod before using ModP.");
        }
        ModP { base: n % unsafe { MODULUS } }
    }
    pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        ModP { base: n }
    }
    pub fn base(&self) -> ModPBase {
        self.base
    }
    pub fn pow(self, exp: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        if exp == 0 { ModP::new(1) } else {
            let sub = self.pow(exp / 2);
            if exp % 2 == 0 {
                sub * sub
            } else {
                self * sub * sub
            }
        }
    }
    pub fn inv(self) -> ModP {
        assert!(self.base() != 0);
        self.pow(unsafe { MODULUS } - 2)
    }
    pub fn fact_cache() -> FactCache {
        FactCache {
            table: vec![ModP::new(1)]
        }
    }
    pub fn inv_cache() -> InvCache {
        InvCache {
            table: vec![ModP::new(0), ModP::new(1)]
        }
    }
    pub fn pow_cache(base: ModPBase) -> PowCache {
        PowCache {
            base: base,
            table: vec![ModP::new(1)]
        }
    }
    pub fn combinatorics_cache() -> CombinatoricsCache {
        CombinatoricsCache {
            facts: ModP::fact_cache(),
            invs: ModP::inv_cache(),
            finvs: vec![ModP::new(1)],
        }
    }
}
pub fn modp(x: ModPBase) -> ModP {
    ModP::new(x)
}
impl std::fmt::Display for ModP {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{}", self.base())
    }
}
impl std::fmt::Debug for ModP {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "{} mod P", self.base())
    }
}
impl PartialEq<ModPBase> for ModP {
    fn eq(&self, other: &ModPBase) -> bool {
        self.base() == other % unsafe { MODULUS }
    }
}
impl PartialEq<ModP> for ModPBase {
    fn eq(&self, other: &ModP) -> bool {
        self % unsafe { MODULUS } == other.base() % unsafe { MODULUS }
    }
}
impl std::ops::Add for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn add(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        let m = unsafe { MODULUS };
        ModP { base: (self.base() + rhs.base() % m) % m }
    }
}
impl std::ops::Add<ModPBase> for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn add(self, rhs: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self + ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Add<ModP> for ModPBase {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn add(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        ModP::new(self) + rhs.base()
    }
}
impl std::ops::AddAssign for ModP {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModP) {
        *self = *self + rhs
    }
}
impl std::ops::AddAssign<ModPBase> for ModP {
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModPBase) {
        *self = *self + ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Neg for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn neg(self) -> ModP {
        ModP::new(unsafe { MODULUS } - self.base())
    }
}
impl std::ops::Sub for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn sub(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        self + (-rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Sub<ModPBase> for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn sub(self, rhs: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self - ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Sub<ModP> for ModPBase {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn sub(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        ModP::new(self) - rhs
    }
}
impl std::ops::SubAssign for ModP {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModP) {
        *self = *self - rhs;
    }
}
impl std::ops::SubAssign<ModPBase> for ModP {
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModPBase) {
        *self = *self - ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Mul for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn mul(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        let m = unsafe { MODULUS };
        ModP { base: self.base() * (rhs.base() % m) % m }
    }
}
impl std::ops::Mul<ModPBase> for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn mul(self, rhs: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self * ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Mul<ModP> for ModPBase {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn mul(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        ModP::new(self) * rhs.base()
    }
}
impl std::ops::MulAssign for ModP {
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModP) {
        *self = *self * rhs
    }
}
impl std::ops::MulAssign<ModPBase> for ModP {
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModPBase) {
        *self = *self * ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::ops::Div for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn div(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        self * rhs.inv()
    }
}
impl std::ops::Div<ModPBase> for ModP {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn div(self, rhs: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self * ModP::new(rhs).inv()
    }
}
impl std::ops::Div<ModP> for ModPBase {
    type Output = ModP;
    fn div(self, rhs: ModP) -> ModP {
        ModP::new(self) * rhs.inv()
    }
}
impl std::ops::DivAssign for ModP {
    fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModP) {
        *self = *self / rhs;
    }
}
impl std::ops::DivAssign<ModPBase> for ModP {
    fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: ModPBase) {
        *self = *self / ModP::new(rhs)
    }
}
impl std::iter::Sum for ModP {
    fn sum<I: Iterator<Item=ModP>>(iter: I) -> ModP {
        let mut ans = 0;
        for n in iter {
            ans += n.base();
        }
        ModP::new(ans)
    }
}
impl<'a> std::iter::Sum<&'a ModP> for ModP {
    fn sum<I: Iterator<Item=&'a ModP>>(iter: I) -> ModP {
        let mut ans = 0;
        for n in iter {
            ans += n.base();
        }
        ModP::new(ans)
    }
}
impl std::iter::Product for ModP {
    fn product<I: Iterator<Item=ModP>>(iter: I) -> ModP {
        let mut ans = unsafe { ModP::new_unchecked(1) };
        for n in iter {
            ans *= n;
        }
        ans
    }
}
impl<'a> std::iter::Product<&'a ModP> for ModP {
    fn product<I: Iterator<Item=&'a ModP>>(iter: I) -> ModP {
        let mut ans = unsafe { ModP::new_unchecked(1) };
        for &n in iter {
            ans *= n;
        }
        ans
    }
}
pub struct FactCache {
    table: Vec<ModP>
}
impl FactCache {
    pub fn get(&mut self, n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self.extend(n as usize);
        self.table[n as usize]
    }
    fn extend(&mut self, max: usize) {
        for i in self.table.len()..max+1 {
            let prev = self.table[i-1];
            self.table.push(prev * i as ModPBase);
        }
    }
}
pub struct InvCache {
    table: Vec<ModP>
}
impl InvCache {
    pub fn get(&mut self, n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        assert!(n > 0);
        self.extend(n as usize);
        self.table[n as usize]
    }
    fn extend(&mut self, max: usize) {
        for i in self.table.len()..max+1 {
            let m = unsafe { MODULUS };
            let prev = self.table[m as usize % i];
            self.table.push(m / i as ModPBase * (-prev));
        }
    }
}
pub struct PowCache {
    base: ModPBase,
    table: Vec<ModP>
}
impl PowCache {
    pub fn get(&mut self, n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self.extend(n as usize);
        self.table[n as usize]
    }
    fn extend(&mut self, max: usize) {
        for i in self.table.len()..max+1 {
            let prev = self.table[i-1];
            self.table.push(prev * self.base);
        }
    }
}
pub struct CombinatoricsCache {
    facts: FactCache,
    invs: InvCache,
    finvs: Vec<ModP>,
}
impl CombinatoricsCache {
    pub fn choose(&mut self, n: ModPBase, m: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        if n < m {
            return ModP::new(0);
        }
        self.extend_finvs(std::cmp::max(m, n-m) as usize);
        self.fact(n) * self.finvs[m as usize] * self.finvs[(n-m) as usize]
    }
    pub fn homo(&mut self, n: ModPBase, m: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        if m == 0 {
            ModP::new(1)
        } else {
            self.choose(n+m-1, m)
        }
    }
    pub fn fact(&mut self, n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self.facts.get(n)
    }
    pub fn inv(&mut self, n: ModPBase) -> ModP {
        self.invs.get(n)
    }
    fn extend_finvs(&mut self, max: usize) {
        for i in self.finvs.len()..max+1 {
            let prev = self.finvs[i-1];
            self.finvs.push(prev * self.invs.get(i as ModPBase))
        }
    }
}
// SNIPPET read
pub trait Readable {
    type Output;
    fn words_count() -> usize;
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readable {
    ( $t:ty, $words_count:expr, |$words:ident| $read_words:expr ) => {
        impl Readable for $t {
            type Output = $t;
            fn words_count() -> usize { $words_count }
            fn read_words($words: &[&str]) -> Result<$t, String> {
                Ok($read_words)
            }
        }
    };
}
readable!((), 1, |_ss| ());
readable!(String, 1, |ss| ss[0].to_string());
impl Readable for char {
    type Output = char;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<char, String> {
        let chars: Vec<char> = words[0].chars().collect();
        if chars.len() == 1 {
            Ok(chars[0])
        } else {
            Err(format!("cannot parse `{}` as a char", words[0]))
        }
    }
}
pub struct Chars();
impl Readable for Chars {
    type Output = Vec<char>;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> {
        Ok(words[0].chars().collect())
    }
}
macro_rules! impl_readable_for_ints {
    ( $( $t:ty )* ) => { $(
        impl Readable for $t {
            type Output = Self;
            fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
            fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<$t, String> {
                use std::str::FromStr;
                <$t>::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
                    format!("cannot parse `{}` as {}", words[0], stringify!($t))
                })
            }
        }
    )* };
}
impl_readable_for_ints!(i8 u8 i16 u16 i32 u32 i64 u64 isize usize f32 f64);
macro_rules! define_one_origin_int_types {
    ( $new_t:ident $int_t:ty ) => {
        #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
        pub struct $new_t;
        impl Readable for $new_t {
            type Output = $int_t;
            fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
            fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                <$int_t>::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
            }
        }
    };
    ( $new_t:ident $int_t:ty; $( $inner_new_t:ident $inner_int_t:ty );* ) => {
        define_one_origin_int_types!($new_t $int_t);
        define_one_origin_int_types!($($inner_new_t $inner_int_t);*);
    };
}
define_one_origin_int_types!(u8_ u8; u16_ u16; u32_ u32; u64_ u64; usize_ usize);
macro_rules! impl_readable_for_tuples {
    ( $t:ident $var:ident ) => ();
    ( $t:ident $var:ident; $( $inner_t:ident $inner_var:ident );* ) => {
        impl_readable_for_tuples!($($inner_t $inner_var);*);
        impl<$t: Readable, $($inner_t: Readable),*> Readable
            for ($t, $($inner_t),*)
        {
            type Output = ( <$t>::Output, $(<$inner_t>::Output),* );
            fn words_count() -> usize {
                let mut n = <$t>::words_count();
                $(
                    n += <$inner_t>::words_count();
                )*
                n
            }
            #[allow(unused_assignments)]
            fn read_words(words: &[&str]) ->
                Result<Self::Output, String>
            {
                let mut start = 0;
                let $var = <$t>::read_words(
                    &words[start .. start+<$t>::words_count()]
                )?;
                start += <$t>::words_count();
                $(
                    let $inner_var =
                        <$inner_t>::read_words(
                            &words[start .. start+<$inner_t>::words_count()]
                        )?;
                    start += <$inner_t>::words_count();
                )*
                Ok(( $var, $($inner_var),* ))
            }
        }
    };
}
impl_readable_for_tuples!(T8 x8; T7 x7; T6 x6; T5 x5; T4 x4; T3 x3; T2 x2; T1 x1);
pub trait ReadableFromLine {
    type Output;
    fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
fn split_into_words(line: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    line.trim_right_matches('\n').split_whitespace().collect()
}
impl<T: Readable> ReadableFromLine for T {
    type Output = T::Output;
    fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<T::Output, String> {
        let words = split_into_words(line);
        if words.len() != T::words_count() {
            return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected {}",
                               line, words.len(), T::words_count()));
        }
        T::read_words(&words)
    }
}
macro_rules! impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator {
    ( $u:ident : $( + $bound:path )* => $seq_in:ty, $seq_out:ty; $t:ident $var:ident ) => {
        impl<$u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for $seq_in
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = $seq_out;
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<$seq_out, String> {
                let n = $u::words_count();
                let words = split_into_words(line);
                if words.len() % n != 0 {
                    return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected multiple of {}",
                                       line, words.len(), n));
                }
                let mut result = Vec::new();
                for chunk in words.chunks(n) {
                    match $u::read_words(chunk) {
                        Ok(v) => result.push(v),
                        Err(msg) => {
                            let flagment_msg = if n == 1 {
                                format!("word {}", result.len())
                            } else {
                                let l = result.len();
                                format!("words {}-{}", n*l + 1, (n+1) * l)
                            };
                            return Err(format!(
                                "{} of line `{}`: {}", flagment_msg, line, msg
                            ));
                        }
                    }
                }
                Ok(result.into_iter().collect())
            }
        }
        impl<T: Readable, $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for (T, $seq_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = (T::Output, $seq_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let n = T::words_count();
                #[allow(deprecated)]
                let trimmed = line.trim_right_matches('\n');
                let words_and_rest: Vec<&str> = trimmed.splitn(n + 1, ' ').collect();
                if words_and_rest.len() < n {
                    return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected at least {}",
                                       line, words_and_rest.len(), n));
                }
                let words = &words_and_rest[..n];
                let empty_str = "";
                let rest = words_and_rest.get(n).unwrap_or(&empty_str);
                Ok((T::read_words(words)?, <$seq_in>::read_line(rest)?))
            }
        }
    };
    ( $u:ident : $( + $bound:path )* => $seq_in:ty, $seq_out:ty;
      $t:ident $var:ident, $( $inner_t:ident $inner_var:ident ),+ ) => {
        impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator!(
            $u: $(+ $bound)* => $seq_in, $seq_out; $($inner_t $inner_var),+
        );
        impl<$t: Readable, $($inner_t: Readable),+ , $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine
            for ($t, $($inner_t),+ , $seq_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = ($t::Output, $($inner_t::Output),+ , $seq_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let mut n = $t::words_count();
                $(
                    n += $inner_t::words_count();
                )+
                #[allow(deprecated)]
                let trimmed = line.trim_right_matches('\n');
                let words_and_rest: Vec<&str> = trimmed.splitn(n + 1, ' ')
                    .collect();
                if words_and_rest.len() < n {
                    return Err(
                        format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected at least {}",
                                line, words_and_rest.len(), n)
                    );
                }
                let words = &words_and_rest[..n];
                let empty_str = "";
                let rest = words_and_rest.get(n).unwrap_or(&empty_str);
                let ($var, $($inner_var),*) =
                    <($t, $($inner_t),+)>::read_words(words)?;
                Ok(($var, $($inner_var),* , <$seq_in>::read_line(rest)?))
            }
        }
    };
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readable_collection {
    ($u:ident => $collection_in:ty, $collection_out:ty) => {
        impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator!(
            $u: => $collection_in, $collection_out;
            T8 x8, T7 x7, T6 x6, T5 x5, T4 x4, T3 x3, T2 x2, T1 x1
        );
    };
    ($u:ident : $( $bound:path ),* => $collection_in:ty, $collection_out:ty) => {
        impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator!(
            $u: $(+ $bound)* => $collection_in, $collection_out;
            T8 x8, T7 x7, T6 x6, T5 x5, T4 x4, T3 x3, T2 x2, T1 x1
        );
    }
}
readable_collection!(U => Vec<U>, Vec<U::Output>);
readable_collection!(
    U => std::collections::VecDeque<U>, std::collections::VecDeque<U::Output>
);
readable_collection!(
    U: Eq, std::hash::Hash => std::collections::HashSet<U>, std::collections::HashSet<U::Output>
);
readable_collection!(
    U: Ord => std::collections::BTreeSet<U>, std::collections::BTreeSet<U::Output>
);
readable_collection!(
    U: Ord => std::collections::BinaryHeap<U>, std::collections::BinaryHeap<U::Output>
);
pub fn read<T: ReadableFromLine>() -> T::Output {
    let mut line = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read {
    () => {
        let mut line = String::new();
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    };
    ( $pat:pat = $t:ty ) => {
        let $pat = read::<$t>();
    };
    ( $( $pat:pat = $t:ty ),+ ) => {
        read!(($($pat),*) = ($($t),*));
    };
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readls {
    ( $( $pat:pat = $t:ty ),+ ) => {
        $(
            read!($pat = $t);
        )*
    };
}
pub fn readx<T: ReadableFromLine>() -> Vec<T::Output> {
    use std::io::{self, BufRead};
    let stdin = io::stdin();
    let result = stdin.lock().lines().map(|line_result| {
        let line = line_result.expect("read from stdin failed");
        T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
    }).collect();
    result
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readx_loop {
    ( |$pat:pat = $t:ty| $body:expr ) => {
        {
            use std::io::BufRead;
            let stdin = std::io::stdin();
            for line in stdin.lock().lines() {
                let line = line.expect("read from stdin failed");
                let $pat = <$t>::read_line(&line).unwrap();
                $body
            }
        }
    };
    ( |$($pat:pat = $t:ty),*| $body:expr ) => {
        readx_loop!(|($($pat),*) = ($($t),*)| $body);
    };
}
pub fn readn<T: ReadableFromLine>(n: usize) -> Vec<T::Output> {
    use std::io::{self, BufRead};
    let stdin = io::stdin();
    let result: Vec<T::Output> = stdin.lock().lines().take(n).map(|line_result| {
        let line = line_result.expect("read from stdin failed");
        T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
    }).collect();
    if result.len() < n {
        panic!("expected reading {} lines, but only {} lines are read",
               n, result.len());
    }
    result
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readn_loop {
    ( $n:expr, |$pat:pat = $t:ty| $body:expr ) => {
        {
            use std::io::BufRead;
            let stdin = std::io::stdin();
            let mut lock = stdin.lock();
            for _ in 0..$n {
                let mut line = String::new();
                lock.read_line(&mut line).expect("read from stdin failed");
                let $pat = <$t>::read_line(&line).unwrap();
                $body
            }
        }
    };
    ( $n:expr, |$($pat:pat = $t:ty),*| $body:expr ) => {
        readn_loop!($n, |($($pat),*) = ($($t),*)| $body);
    };
}
pub trait Words {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output;
}
impl<'a> Words for [&'a str] {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output {
        T::read_words(self).unwrap()
    }
}
impl<'a> Words for &'a str {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output {
        T::read_words(&[self]).unwrap()
    }
}

fn main() {
    unsafe { ModP::set_mod(1_000_000_007).unwrap(); }
    read!(x = i64, y = i64);
    if (2*x-y) % 3 != 0 || (2*y-x) % 3 != 0 {
        println!("0");
        return;
    }
    let nx = (2*x-y) / 3;
    let ny = (2*y-x) / 3;
    if nx < 0 || ny < 0 {
        println!("0");
        return;
    }

    let mut cc = ModP::combinatorics_cache();
    println!("{}", cc.choose((nx+ny) as u64, nx as u64));
}