Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given an undirected connected graph with N vertices and M edges that does not contain self-loops and double edges.

The i-th edge (1 \leq i \leq M) connects Vertex a_i and Vertex b_i.

An edge whose removal disconnects the graph is called a bridge.

Find the number of the edges that are bridges among the M edges.

Notes

A self-loop is an edge i such that a_i=b_i (1 \leq i \leq M).

Double edges are a pair of edges i,j such that a_i=a_j and b_i=b_j (1 \leq i<j \leq M).

An undirected graph is said to be connected when there exists a path between every pair of vertices.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 50

N-1 \leq M \leq min(N(N−1)⁄2,50)

1 \leq a_i<b_i \leq N

The given graph does not contain self-loops and double edges.

The given graph is connected.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
a_1 b_1
a_2 b_2
:
a_M b_M

Output

Print the number of the edges that are bridges among the M edges.

Sample Input 1

7 7
1 3
2 7
3 4
4 5
4 6
5 6
6 7

Sample Output 1

4

The figure below shows the given graph:

The edges shown in red are bridges. There are four of them.

Sample Input 2

3 3
1 2
1 3
2 3

Sample Output 2

0

It is possible that there is no bridge.

Sample Input 3

6 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6

Sample Output 3

5

It is possible that every edge is a bridge.

Solution in Rust (1.42.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(non_snake_case)]
#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(dead_code)]
 
use proconio::{input, fastout};
use proconio::marker::*;
use whiteread::parse_line;
use std::collections::*;
use num::*;
use num_traits::*;
use superslice::*;
use std::ops::*;
 
use itertools::Itertools;
use itertools_num::ItertoolsNum;

// from petgraph to customize UnionFind

/// `UnionFind<K>` is a disjoint-set data structure. It tracks set membership of *n* elements
/// indexed from *0* to *n - 1*. The scalar type is `K` which must be an unsigned integer type.
///
/// <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure>
///
/// Too awesome not to quote:
///
/// “The amortized time per operation is **O(α(n))** where **α(n)** is the
/// inverse of **f(x) = A(x, x)** with **A** being the extremely fast-growing Ackermann function.”
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct UnionFind<K> {
    // For element at index *i*, store the index of its parent; the representative itself
    // stores its own index. This forms equivalence classes which are the disjoint sets, each
    // with a unique representative.
    parent: Vec<K>,
    // It is a balancing tree structure,
    // so the ranks are logarithmic in the size of the container -- a byte is more than enough.
    //
    // Rank is separated out both to save space and to save cache in when searching in the parent
    // vector.
    rank: Vec<u8>,
}

#[inline]
unsafe fn get_unchecked<K>(xs: &[K], index: usize) -> &K {
    debug_assert!(index < xs.len());
    xs.get_unchecked(index)
}

#[inline]
unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut<K>(xs: &mut [K], index: usize) -> &mut K {
    debug_assert!(index < xs.len());
    xs.get_unchecked_mut(index)
}

impl<K> UnionFind<K>
where
    K: PrimInt,
{
    /// Create a new `UnionFind` of `n` disjoint sets.
    pub fn new(n: usize) -> Self {
        let rank = vec![0; n];
        let parent = (0..n).map(|x| K::from(x).unwrap()).collect::<Vec<K>>();

        Self { parent, rank }
    }

    /// Return the representative for `x`.
    ///
    /// **Panics** if `x` is out of bounds.
    pub fn find(&self, x: K) -> K {
        assert!(x.to_usize().unwrap() < self.parent.len());
        unsafe {
            let mut x = x;
            loop {
                // Use unchecked indexing because we can trust the internal set ids.
                let xparent = *get_unchecked(&self.parent, x.to_usize().unwrap());
                if xparent == x {
                    break;
                }
                x = xparent;
            }
            x
        }
    }

    /// Return the representative for `x`.
    ///
    /// Write back the found representative, flattening the internal
    /// datastructure in the process and quicken future lookups.
    ///
    /// **Panics** if `x` is out of bounds.
    pub fn find_mut(&mut self, x: K) -> K {
        assert!(x.to_usize().unwrap() < self.parent.len());
        unsafe { self.find_mut_recursive(x) }
    }

    unsafe fn find_mut_recursive(&mut self, mut x: K) -> K {
        let mut parent = *get_unchecked(&self.parent, x.to_usize().unwrap());
        while parent != x {
            let grandparent = *get_unchecked(&self.parent, parent.to_usize().unwrap());
            *get_unchecked_mut(&mut self.parent, x.to_usize().unwrap()) = grandparent;
            x = parent;
            parent = grandparent;
        }
        x
    }

    /// Returns `true` if the given elements belong to the same set, and returns
    /// `false` otherwise.
    pub fn equiv(&self, x: K, y: K) -> bool {
        self.find(x) == self.find(y)
    }

    /// Unify the two sets containing `x` and `y`.
    ///
    /// Return `false` if the sets were already the same, `true` if they were unified.
    ///
    /// **Panics** if `x` or `y` is out of bounds.
    pub fn union(&mut self, x: K, y: K) -> bool {
        if x == y {
            return false;
        }
        let xrep = self.find_mut(x);
        let yrep = self.find_mut(y);

        if xrep == yrep {
            return false;
        }

        let xrepu = xrep.to_usize().unwrap();
        let yrepu = yrep.to_usize().unwrap();
        let xrank = self.rank[xrepu];
        let yrank = self.rank[yrepu];

        // The rank corresponds roughly to the depth of the treeset, so put the
        // smaller set below the larger
        match xrank.cmp(&yrank) {
            std::cmp::Ordering::Less => self.parent[xrepu] = yrep,
            std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => self.parent[yrepu] = xrep,
            std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => {
                self.parent[yrepu] = xrep;
                self.rank[xrepu] += 1;
            }
        }
        true
    }

    /// Return a vector mapping each element to its representative.
    pub fn into_labeling(mut self) -> Vec<K> {
        // write in the labeling of each element
        unsafe {
            for ix in 0..self.parent.len() {
                let k = *get_unchecked(&self.parent, ix);
                let xrep = self.find_mut_recursive(k);
                *self.parent.get_unchecked_mut(ix) = xrep;
            }
        }
        self.parent
    }
}

#[fastout]
fn solve() {
    const MOD: usize = 1_000_000_007;
    const INF: usize = std::usize::MAX;

    input!{
        n: usize, m: usize,
        v: [(usize, usize); m],
    }

    let mut ans = 0;

    for i in 0..m {
        let mut un: UnionFind<usize> = UnionFind::new(n);
        for j in 0..m {
            if i == j { continue; }
            un.union(v[j].0 - 1, v[j].1 - 1);
        }
        if !un.equiv(v[i].0 - 1, v[i].1 - 1) {
            ans += 1;
        }
    }

    println!("{}", ans)
}

fn main() {
    solve();
}