Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

There is a kangaroo at coordinate 0 on an infinite number line that runs from left to right, at time 0.
During the period between time i-1 and time i, the kangaroo can either stay at his position, or perform a jump of length exactly i to the left or to the right.
That is, if his coordinate at time i-1 is x, he can be at coordinate x-i, x or x+i at time i.
The kangaroo's nest is at coordinate X, and he wants to travel to coordinate X as fast as possible.
Find the earliest possible time to reach coordinate X.

Constraints

X is an integer.

1≤X≤10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X

Output

Print the earliest possible time for the kangaroo to reach coordinate X.

Sample Input 1

6

Sample Output 1

3

The kangaroo can reach his nest at time 3 by jumping to the right three times, which is the earliest possible time.

Sample Input 2

2

Sample Output 2

2

He can reach his nest at time 2 by staying at his position during the first second, and jumping to the right at the next second.

Sample Input 3

11

Sample Output 3

5

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::char::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::*;
use std::io::*;
use std::str::FromStr;

#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! debug {($($a:expr),*) => {println!(concat!($(stringify!($a), " = {:?}, "),*), $($a),*);}}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input {(source=$s:expr,$($r:tt)*) => {let mut iter=$s.split_whitespace(); let mut next=||{iter.next().unwrap()}; input_inner! {next,$($r)*}};($($r:tt)*) => {let stdin=std::io::stdin();let mut bytes=std::io::Read::bytes(std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock())); let mut next=move||->String{bytes.by_ref().map(|r|r.unwrap() as char).skip_while(|c|c.is_whitespace()).take_while(|c|!c.is_whitespace()).collect()}; input_inner! {next,$($r)*}};}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! input_inner {($next:expr) => {}; ($next:expr,) => {}; ($next:expr,$var:ident:$t:tt$($r:tt)*) => {let $var=read_value!($next,$t); input_inner! {$next$($r)*}};}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! read_value {($next:expr,($($t:tt),*)) => {($(read_value! ($next,$t)),*)}; ($next:expr, [$t:tt; $len:expr]) => {(0..$len).map(|_|read_value! ($next,$t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()}; ($next:expr,chars) => {read_value! ($next,String).chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()}; ($next:expr,usize1) => {read_value! ($next,usize)-1}; ($next:expr,$t:ty) => {$next().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")};}

#[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
pub struct Total<T>(pub T);
impl<T: PartialEq> Eq for Total<T> {}
impl<T: PartialOrd> Ord for Total<T> {
    fn cmp(&self, other: &Total<T>) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
        self.0.partial_cmp(&other.0).unwrap()
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
const MAX: usize = 100006;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_U32: u32 = 1 << 31;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_I32: i32 = 1 << 30;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_U64: u64 = 1 << 63;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const INF_I64: i64 = 1 << 62;
#[allow(dead_code)]
const MOD: i64 = 1e9 as i64 + 7;

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read<T: FromStr>() -> T {
    let stdin = stdin();
    let stdin = stdin.lock();
    let token: String = stdin
        .bytes()
        .map(|c| c.expect("failed to read char") as char)
        .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace())
        .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace())
        .collect();
    token.parse().ok().expect("failed to parse token")
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).ok();
    s.trim()
        .split_whitespace()
        .map(|e| e.parse().ok().unwrap())
        .collect()
}

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::f64;

fn binary_search(x:i64) -> i64 {
    let mut left = 0;
    let mut right = 1e9 as i64;
    while (left-right).abs() > 1 {
        let mid = (left+right)/2;
        if mid*(mid+1)/2 >= x { right = mid; }
        else { left = mid; }
    }
    right
}

fn main() {
    input!{x:i64};

    println!("{}", binary_search(x));

}