Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

There are N slimes standing on a number line.
The i-th slime from the left is at position x_i.

It is guaruanteed that 1 \leq x_1 < x_2 < \ldots < x_N \leq 10^{9}.

Niwango will perform N-1 operations. The i-th operation consists of the following procedures:

Choose an integer k between 1 and N-i (inclusive) with equal probability.

Move the k-th slime from the left, to the position of the neighboring slime to the right.

Fuse the two slimes at the same position into one slime.

Find the total distance traveled by the slimes multiplied by (N-1)! (we can show that this value is an integer), modulo (10^{9}+7). If a slime is born by a fuse and that slime moves, we count it as just one slime.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^{5}

1 \leq x_1 < x_2 < \ldots < x_N \leq 10^{9}

x_i is an integer.

Subtasks

400 points will be awarded for passing the test cases satisfying N \leq 2000.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 x_2 \ldots x_N

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2 3

Sample Output 1

5

With probability \frac{1}{2}, the leftmost slime is chosen in the first operation, in which case the total distance traveled is 2.

With probability \frac{1}{2}, the middle slime is chosen in the first operation, in which case the total distance traveled is 3.

The answer is the expected total distance traveled, 2.5, multiplied by 2!, which is 5.

Sample Input 2

12
161735902 211047202 430302156 450968417 628894325 707723857 731963982 822804784 880895728 923078537 971407775 982631932

Sample Output 2

750927044

Find the expected value multiplied by (N-1)!, modulo (10^9+7).

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[doc = " https://github.com/hatoo/competitive-rust-snippets"]
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::{max, min, Ordering};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, BinaryHeap, HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::io::{stdin, stdout, BufWriter, Write};
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::iter::FromIterator;
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! chmax { ( $ x : expr , $ ( $ v : expr ) ,+ ) => { $ ( $ x = std :: cmp :: max ( $ x ,$ v ) ; ) + } ; }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! chmin { ( $ x : expr , $ ( $ v : expr ) ,+ ) => { $ ( $ x = std :: cmp :: min ( $ x ,$ v ) ; ) + } ; }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! max { ( $ x : expr ) => ( $ x ) ; ( $ x : expr , $ ( $ xs : expr ) ,+ ) => { std :: cmp :: max ( $ x , max ! ( $ ( $ xs ) ,+ ) ) } ; }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! min { ( $ x : expr ) => ( $ x ) ; ( $ x : expr , $ ( $ xs : expr ) ,+ ) => { std :: cmp :: min ( $ x , min ! ( $ ( $ xs ) ,+ ) ) } ; }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! dvec { ( $ t : expr ; $ len : expr ) => { vec ! [ $ t ; $ len ] } ; ( $ t : expr ; $ len : expr , $ ( $ rest : expr ) ,* ) => { vec ! [ dvec ! ( $ t ; $ ( $ rest ) ,* ) ; $ len ] } ; }
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules ! debug { ( $ ( $ a : expr ) ,* ) => { eprintln ! ( concat ! ( $ ( stringify ! ( $ a ) , " = {:?}, " ) ,* ) , $ ( $ a ) ,* ) ; } }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! input { ( source = $ s : expr , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let mut parser = Parser :: from_str ( $ s ) ; input_inner ! { parser , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( parser = $ parser : ident , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { input_inner ! { $ parser , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( new_stdin_parser = $ parser : ident , $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let stdin = std :: io :: stdin ( ) ; let reader = std :: io :: BufReader :: new ( stdin . lock ( ) ) ; let mut $ parser = Parser :: new ( reader ) ; input_inner ! { $ parser , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; ( $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { input ! { new_stdin_parser = parser , $ ( $ r ) * } } ; }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! input_inner { ( $ parser : ident ) => { } ; ( $ parser : ident , ) => { } ; ( $ parser : ident , $ var : ident : $ t : tt $ ( $ r : tt ) * ) => { let $ var = read_value ! ( $ parser , $ t ) ; input_inner ! { $ parser $ ( $ r ) * } } ; }
#[macro_export]
macro_rules ! read_value { ( $ parser : ident , ( $ ( $ t : tt ) ,* ) ) => { ( $ ( read_value ! ( $ parser , $ t ) ) ,* ) } ; ( $ parser : ident , [ $ t : tt ; $ len : expr ] ) => { ( 0 ..$ len ) . map ( | _ | read_value ! ( $ parser , $ t ) ) . collect ::< Vec < _ >> ( ) } ; ( $ parser : ident , chars ) => { read_value ! ( $ parser , String ) . chars ( ) . collect ::< Vec < char >> ( ) } ; ( $ parser : ident , usize1 ) => { read_value ! ( $ parser , usize ) - 1 } ; ( $ parser : ident , $ t : ty ) => { $ parser . next ::<$ t > ( ) . expect ( "Parse error" ) } ; }
use std::io;
use std::io::BufRead;
use std::str;
pub struct Parser<R> {
    reader: R,
    buf: Vec<u8>,
    pos: usize,
}
impl Parser<io::Empty> {
    pub fn from_str(s: &str) -> Parser<io::Empty> {
        Parser {
            reader: io::empty(),
            buf: s.as_bytes().to_vec(),
            pos: 0,
        }
    }
}
impl<R: BufRead> Parser<R> {
    pub fn new(reader: R) -> Parser<R> {
        Parser {
            reader: reader,
            buf: vec![],
            pos: 0,
        }
    }
    pub fn update_buf(&mut self) {
        self.buf.clear();
        self.pos = 0;
        loop {
            let (len, complete) = {
                let buf2 = self.reader.fill_buf().unwrap();
                self.buf.extend_from_slice(buf2);
                let len = buf2.len();
                if len == 0 {
                    break;
                }
                (len, buf2[len - 1] <= 0x20)
            };
            self.reader.consume(len);
            if complete {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    pub fn next<T: str::FromStr>(&mut self) -> Result<T, T::Err> {
        loop {
            let mut begin = self.pos;
            while begin < self.buf.len() && (self.buf[begin] <= 0x20) {
                begin += 1;
            }
            let mut end = begin;
            while end < self.buf.len() && (self.buf[end] > 0x20) {
                end += 1;
            }
            if begin != self.buf.len() {
                self.pos = end;
                return str::from_utf8(&self.buf[begin..end]).unwrap().parse::<T>();
            } else {
                self.update_buf();
            }
        }
    }
}
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules ! debug { ( $ ( $ a : expr ) ,* ) => { eprintln ! ( concat ! ( $ ( stringify ! ( $ a ) , " = {:?}, " ) ,* ) , $ ( $ a ) ,* ) ; } }
#[doc = " https://github.com/hatoo/competitive-rust-snippets"]
const BIG_STACK_SIZE: bool = true;
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn main() {
    use std::thread;
    if BIG_STACK_SIZE {
        thread::Builder::new()
            .stack_size(32 * 1024 * 1024)
            .name("solve".into())
            .spawn(solve)
            .unwrap()
            .join()
            .unwrap();
    } else {
        solve();
    }
}
pub mod modular {
    const M: i64 = 1_000_000_007;
    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialOrd, Ord, PartialEq, Eq)]
    pub struct Mod(i64);
    impl ::std::fmt::Display for Mod {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}", self.0)
        }
    }
    impl Mod {
        pub fn new(v: i64) -> Mod {
            Mod(v % M)
        }
        pub fn pow(self, mut r: i64) -> Mod {
            let mut k = self;
            let mut ret = 1.into();
            while r > 0 {
                if r % 2 != 0 {
                    ret = ret * k;
                }
                r /= 2;
                k = k * k;
            }
            ret
        }
        pub fn recip(self) -> Mod {
            self.pow(M - 2)
        }
    }
    use std::ops::*;
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> Add<T> for Mod {
        type Output = Mod;
        fn add(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
            Mod::new(self.0 + rhs.into().0)
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> AddAssign<T> for Mod {
        fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
            *self = *self + rhs;
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> Sub<T> for Mod {
        type Output = Mod;
        fn sub(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
            Mod::new(self.0 - rhs.into().0 + M)
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> SubAssign<T> for Mod {
        fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
            *self = *self - rhs;
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> Mul<T> for Mod {
        type Output = Mod;
        fn mul(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
            Mod::new(self.0 * rhs.into().0)
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> MulAssign<T> for Mod {
        fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
            *self = *self * rhs;
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> Div<T> for Mod {
        type Output = Mod;
        fn div(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
            self * rhs.into().recip()
        }
    }
    impl<T: Into<Mod>> DivAssign<T> for Mod {
        fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
            *self = *self / rhs;
        }
    }
    impl Neg for Mod {
        type Output = Mod;
        fn neg(self) -> Self::Output {
            Mod(0) - self
        }
    }
    impl<T: ::std::convert::Into<i64>> ::std::convert::From<T> for Mod {
        fn from(v: T) -> Self {
            Mod::new(v.into())
        }
    }
}
pub type Mod = modular::Mod;
fn solve_wa() {
    let out = stdout();
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
    input!{
        n:usize,
        x:[i64;n],
    }

    let mut dist = vec![0;n-1];
    let mut mul = 1;
    let mut cur = 0;
    for i in (0..n-1).rev() {
        let dx = x[i+1] - x[i];
        cur += dx * mul;
        mul += 1;
        dist[i] = cur;
    }
    dist.reverse();

    let mut seg: SEG<MUL> = SEG::new(n-1);
    for i in 0..n-1 {
        let x: Mod = (i as i64 + 1).into();
        seg.update(i, x);
    }

    let mut tot: Mod = 0.into();
    for i in 0..n-1 {
        let d: Mod = dist[i].into();
        let y = seg.query(0, i) * seg.query(i+1, n-1);
        tot += d*y;
    }
    println!("{}", tot);
}
fn solve() {
    let out = stdout();
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
    input!{
        n:usize,
        x:[i64;n],
    }
    let mut seg: SEG<MUL> = SEG::new(n-1);
    for i in 0..n-1 {
        let x: Mod = (i as i64 + 1).into();
        seg.update(i, x);
    }

    let mut sum = vec![];
    let mut cur: Mod = 0.into();
    for i in 0..n-1 {
        cur += seg.query(0, i) * seg.query(i+1,n-1);
        sum.push(cur);
    }
    let mut tot: Mod = 0.into();
    for i in 0..n-1 {
        let dx = x[i+1] - x[i];
        tot += sum[i] * dx;
    }
    println!("{}", tot);
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
struct MUL;
impl Monoid for MUL {
    type T = Mod;
    fn id() -> Self::T {
        1.into()
    }
    fn op(a: &Self::T, b: &Self::T) -> Self::T {
        *a * *b
    }
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
pub trait Monoid {
    type T: Clone;
    fn id() -> Self::T;
    fn op(a: &Self::T, b: &Self::T) -> Self::T;
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub struct SEG<M: Monoid> {
    n: usize,
    buf: Vec<M::T>,
}
impl<M: Monoid> SEG<M> {
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn new(n: usize) -> SEG<M> {
        let mut m = 1;
        while m < n {
            m *= 2;
        }
        SEG {
            n: m,
            buf: vec![M::id().clone(); 2 * m],
        }
    }
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn update(&mut self, k: usize, a: M::T) {
        let mut k = k + self.n;
        self.buf[k] = a;
        while k > 1 {
            k = k >> 1;
            self.buf[k] = M::op(&self.buf[k * 2], &self.buf[k * 2 + 1]);
        }
    }
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn get(&self, k: usize) -> M::T {
        self.buf[k + self.n].clone()
    }
    pub fn do_query(&self, a: usize, b: usize, k: usize, l: usize, r: usize) -> M::T {
        if r <= a || b <= l {
            return M::id();
        }
        if a <= l && r <= b {
            return self.buf[k].clone();
        } else {
            let vl = self.do_query(a, b, k * 2, l, (l + r) / 2);
            let vr = self.do_query(a, b, k * 2 + 1, (l + r) / 2, r);
            return M::op(&vl, &vr);
        }
    }
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn query(&self, a: usize, b: usize) -> M::T {
        self.do_query(a, b, 1, 0, self.n)
    }
}