Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Given an integer N, find the base -2 representation of N.

Here, S is the base -2 representation of N when the following are all satisfied:

S is a string consisting of 0 and 1.

Unless S = 0, the initial character of S is 1.

Let S = S_k S_{k-1} ... S_0, then S_0 \times (-2)^0 + S_1 \times (-2)^1 + ... + S_k \times (-2)^k = N.

It can be proved that, for any integer M, the base -2 representation of M is uniquely determined.

Constraints

Every value in input is integer.

-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the base -2 representation of N.

Sample Input 1

-9

Sample Output 1

1011

As (-2)^0 + (-2)^1 + (-2)^3 = 1 + (-2) + (-8) = -9, 1011 is the base -2 representation of -9.

Sample Input 2

123456789

Sample Output 2

11000101011001101110100010101

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

fn main() {
    let buf = io::read_string();
    let mut sc = io::Scanner::new(&buf);
    let mut n: i64 = sc.read();
    let mut k = 1i64;
    let mut res = String::new();

    if n == 0 {
        res.push('0');
    }
    while n != 0 {
        if (n - k) % (2 * k).abs() == 0 {
            res.push('1');
            n -= k;
        } else {
            res.push('0');
        }
        k *= -2;
    }
    println!("{}", res.chars().rev().collect::<String>());
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
mod io {
    use std;
    use std::io::Read;
    use std::str::{FromStr, SplitWhitespace};
    pub struct Scanner<'a> {
        pub iter: SplitWhitespace<'a>,
    }
    impl<'a> Scanner<'a> {
        pub fn new(s: &'a str) -> Scanner<'a> {
            Scanner {
                iter: s.split_whitespace(),
            }
        }
        pub fn read<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
            self.iter
                .next()
                .unwrap()
                .parse()
                .ok()
                .expect("parsing failed")
        }
        pub fn read_vec<T: FromStr>(&mut self, n: usize) -> Vec<T> {
            (0..n).map(|_| self.read()).collect()
        }
    }
    pub fn read_string() -> String {
        let mut s = String::new();
        std::io::stdin().read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
        s
    }
}