Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

There are N dots in a two-dimensional plane. The coordinates of the i-th dot are (x_i, y_i).

We will repeat the following operation as long as possible:

Choose four integers a, b, c, d (a \neq c, b \neq d) such that there are dots at exactly three of the positions (a, b), (a, d), (c, b) and (c, d), and add a dot at the remaining position.

We can prove that we can only do this operation a finite number of times. Find the maximum number of times we can do the operation.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq x_i, y_i \leq 10^5

If i \neq j, x_i \neq x_j or y_i \neq y_j.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
:
x_N y_N

Output

Print the maximum number of times we can do the operation.

Sample Input 1

3
1 1
5 1
5 5

Sample Output 1

1

By choosing a = 1, b = 1, c = 5, d = 5, we can add a dot at (1, 5). We cannot do the operation any more, so the maximum number of operations is 1.

Sample Input 2

2
10 10
20 20

Sample Output 2

0

There are only two dots, so we cannot do the operation at all.

Sample Input 3

9
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5

Sample Output 3

16

We can do the operation for all choices of the form a = 1, b = 1, c = i, d = j (2 \leq i,j \leq 5), and no more. Thus, the maximum number of operations is 16.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#![allow(unused_imports, unused_macros, dead_code)]

macro_rules! min {
    ($x:expr) => ($x);
    ($x:expr, $($ys:expr),*) => {{
        let t = min!($($ys),*);
        if $x < t { $x } else { t }
    }}
}
macro_rules! max {
    ($x:expr) => ($x);
    ($x:expr, $($ys:expr),*) => {{
        let t = max!($($ys),*);
        if $x > t { $x } else { t }
    }}
}

macro_rules! ewriteln {
    ($($args:expr),*) => { let _ = writeln!(&mut std::io::stderr(), $($args),*); };
}
macro_rules! trace {
    ($x:expr) => { ewriteln!(">>> {} = {:?}", stringify!($x), $x) };
    ($($xs:expr),*) => { trace!(($($xs),*)) }
}
macro_rules! put {
    ($x:expr) => { println!("{}", $x) };
    ($x:expr, $($xs:expr),*) => { print!("{} ", $x); put!($($xs),*) }
}

const M: i64 = 1_000_000_007;

fn main() {
    let mut sc = Scanner::new();
    let m: usize = sc.cin();
    const N: usize = 100002;
    let mut xy = vec![vec![]; N];
    let mut yx = vec![vec![]; N];
    for _ in 0..m {
        let x: usize = sc.cin();
        let y: usize = sc.cin();
        xy[x].push(y);
        yx[y].push(x);
    }
    let mut used = vec![false; N];
    let mut used_y = vec![false; N];
    let mut ans: usize = 0;
    for i in 0..N {
        if used[i] { continue }
        if xy[i].len() == 0 { continue }
        let mut x_count = 0;
        let mut y_count = 0;
        let mut e_count = 0;
        let mut stack = vec![(true, i)];
        while let Some((b, u)) = stack.pop() {
            // trace!(b, u);
            if b {
                if used[u] { continue }
                used[u] = true;
                x_count += 1;
                for &v in xy[u].iter() {
                    e_count += 1;
                    if used_y[v] { continue }
                    stack.push((false, v));
                }
            } else {
                if used_y[u] { continue }
                used_y[u] = true;
                y_count += 1;
                for &v in yx[u].iter() {
                    if used[v] { continue }
                    stack.push((true, v));
                }
            }
        }
        // trace!(x_count, y_count, e_count);
        ans += x_count * y_count - e_count;
    }
    put!(ans);
}

use std::io::{self, Write};
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::collections::VecDeque;

struct Scanner { stdin: io::Stdin, buffer: VecDeque<String>, }
impl Scanner {
    fn new() -> Self { Scanner { stdin: io::stdin(), buffer: VecDeque::new() } }
    fn cin<T: FromStr>(&mut self) -> T {
        while self.buffer.len() == 0 {
            let mut line = String::new();
            let _ = self.stdin.read_line(&mut line);
            for w in line.split_whitespace() {
                self.buffer.push_back(String::from(w));
            }
        }
        self.buffer.pop_front().unwrap().parse::<T>().ok().unwrap()
    }
}