Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N.
For each i (1 \leq i \leq N - 1), the i-th edge connects Vertex x_i and y_i.

Taro has decided to paint each vertex in white or black.
Here, it is not allowed to paint two adjacent vertices both in black.

Find the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq x_i, y_i \leq N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_{N - 1} y_{N - 1}

Output

Print the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

5

There are five ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 2

4
1 2
1 3
1 4

Sample Output 2

9

There are nine ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

2

Sample Input 4

10
8 5
10 8
6 5
1 5
4 8
2 10
3 6
9 2
1 7

Sample Output 4

157

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::cmp::*;
#[allow(unused_imports)]
use std::collections::*;
use std::io::{Write, BufWriter};
// https://qiita.com/tanakh/items/0ba42c7ca36cd29d0ac8
macro_rules! input {
    (source = $s:expr, $($r:tt)*) => {
        let mut iter = $s.split_whitespace();
        let mut next = || { iter.next().unwrap() };
        input_inner!{next, $($r)*}
    };
    ($($r:tt)*) => {
        let stdin = std::io::stdin();
        let mut bytes = std::io::Read::bytes(std::io::BufReader::new(stdin.lock()));
        let mut next = move || -> String{
            bytes
                .by_ref()
                .map(|r|r.unwrap() as char)
                .skip_while(|c|c.is_whitespace())
                .take_while(|c|!c.is_whitespace())
                .collect()
        };
        input_inner!{next, $($r)*}
    };
}

macro_rules! input_inner {
    ($next:expr) => {};
    ($next:expr, ) => {};

    ($next:expr, $var:ident : $t:tt $($r:tt)*) => {
        let $var = read_value!($next, $t);
        input_inner!{$next $($r)*}
    };
}

macro_rules! read_value {
    ($next:expr, ( $($t:tt),* )) => {
        ( $(read_value!($next, $t)),* )
    };

    ($next:expr, [ $t:tt ; $len:expr ]) => {
        (0..$len).map(|_| read_value!($next, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    };

    ($next:expr, chars) => {
        read_value!($next, String).chars().collect::<Vec<char>>()
    };

    ($next:expr, usize1) => {
        read_value!($next, usize) - 1
    };

    ($next:expr, [ $t:tt ]) => {{
        let len = read_value!($next, usize);
        (0..len).map(|_| read_value!($next, $t)).collect::<Vec<_>>()
    }};

    ($next:expr, $t:ty) => {
        $next().parse::<$t>().expect("Parse error")
    };
}

/// Verified by: https://atcoder.jp/contests/pakencamp-2018-day3/submissions/3878249
mod mod_int {
    use std::ops::*;
    pub trait Mod: Copy + Clone { fn m() -> i64; }
    #[derive(Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
    pub struct ModInt<M> { pub x: i64, phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData<*const M> }
    impl<M: Mod> ModInt<M> {
        fn check_integrity(self) {
            debug_assert!(self.x >= 0);
            debug_assert!(self.x < M::m());
        }
        // x >= 0
        pub fn new(x: i64) -> Self { ModInt::new_internal(x % M::m()) }
        fn new_internal(x: i64) -> Self {
            ModInt { x: x, phantom: ::std::marker::PhantomData }
        }
        #[allow(dead_code)]
        pub fn mul_fast(self, other: Self) -> Self {
            self.check_integrity();
            other.check_integrity();
            ModInt::new_internal(self.x * other.x % M::m())
        }
        #[allow(dead_code)]
        pub fn mul_slow(self, other: Self) -> Self {
            // Naive multiplication in order to avoid overflow
            self.check_integrity();
            other.check_integrity();
            let mut sum = ModInt::new_internal(0);
            let mut cur = self;
            let mut e = other.x;
            if self.x < other.x {
                cur = other;
                e = self.x;
            }
            while e > 0 {
                if e % 2 == 1 { sum += cur; }
                cur += cur;
                e /= 2;
            }
            sum
        }
        pub fn pow(self, mut e: i64) -> Self {
            self.check_integrity();
            debug_assert!(e >= 0);
            let mut sum = ModInt::new_internal(1);
            let mut cur = self;
            while e > 0 {
                if e % 2 != 0 { sum *= cur; }
                cur *= cur;
                e /= 2;
            }
            sum
        }
        #[allow(dead_code)]
        pub fn inv(self) -> Self { self.pow(M::m() - 2) }
    }
    impl<M: Mod> Add for ModInt<M> {
        type Output = Self;
        fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self {
            self.check_integrity();
            other.check_integrity();
            let mut sum = self.x + other.x;
            if sum >= M::m() { sum -= M::m(); }
            ModInt::new_internal(sum)
        }
    }
    impl<M: Mod> Sub for ModInt<M> {
        type Output = Self;
        fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self {
            self.check_integrity();
            other.check_integrity();
            let mut sum = self.x - other.x;
            if sum < 0 { sum += M::m(); }
            ModInt::new_internal(sum)
        }
    }
    impl<M: Mod> Mul for ModInt<M> {
        type Output = Self;
        fn mul(self, other: Self) -> Self { self.mul_fast(other) }
    }
    impl<M: Mod> AddAssign for ModInt<M> {
        fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Self) { *self = *self + other; }
    }
    impl<M: Mod> SubAssign for ModInt<M> {
        fn sub_assign(&mut self, other: Self) { *self = *self - other; }
    }
    impl<M: Mod> MulAssign for ModInt<M> {
        fn mul_assign(&mut self, other: Self) { *self = *self * other; }
    }
    impl<M> ::std::fmt::Display for ModInt<M> {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
            self.x.fmt(f)
        }
    }
    impl<M> ::std::fmt::Debug for ModInt<M> {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
            self.x.fmt(f)
        }
    }
} // mod mod_int

macro_rules! define_mod {
    ($struct_name: ident, $modulo: expr) => {
        #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
        struct $struct_name {}
        impl mod_int::Mod for $struct_name { fn m() -> i64 { $modulo } }
    }
}
const MOD: i64 = 1_000_000_007;
define_mod!(P, MOD);
type ModInt = mod_int::ModInt<P>;

fn dfs(v: usize, par: usize, g: &[Vec<usize>], dp: &mut [Vec<ModInt>]) {
    dp[v][0] = ModInt::new(1);
    dp[v][1] = ModInt::new(1);
    for &w in g[v].iter() {
        if par == w { continue; }
        dfs(w, v, g, dp);
        dp[v][0] *= dp[w][0] + dp[w][1];
        dp[v][1] *= dp[w][0];
    }
}

fn solve() {
    let out = std::io::stdout();
    let mut out = BufWriter::new(out.lock());
    macro_rules! puts {
        ($($format:tt)*) => (write!(out,$($format)*).unwrap());
    }
    input! {
        n: usize,
        xy: [(usize1, usize1); n - 1],
    }
    let mut dp = vec![vec![ModInt::new(0); 2]; n];
    let mut g = vec![Vec::new(); n];
    for (x, y) in xy { g[x].push(y); g[y].push(x); }
    dfs(0, n, &g, &mut dp);
    puts!("{}\n", dp[0][0] + dp[0][1]);
}

fn main() {
    // In order to avoid potential stack overflow, spawn a new thread.
    let stack_size = 104_857_600; // 100 MB
    let thd = std::thread::Builder::new().stack_size(stack_size);
    thd.spawn(|| solve()).unwrap().join().unwrap();
}