Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N boxes arranged in a row.
Initially, the i-th box from the left contains a_i candies.

Snuke can perform the following operation any number of times:

Choose a box containing at least one candy, and eat one of the candies in the chosen box.

His objective is as follows:

Any two neighboring boxes contain at most x candies in total.

Find the minimum number of operations required to achieve the objective.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9

0 ≤ x ≤ 10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N x
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum number of operations required to achieve the objective.

Sample Input 1

3 3
2 2 2

Sample Output 1

1

Eat one candy in the second box.
Then, the number of candies in each box becomes (2, 1, 2).

Sample Input 2

6 1
1 6 1 2 0 4

Sample Output 2

11

For example, eat six candies in the second box, two in the fourth box, and three in the sixth box.
Then, the number of candies in each box becomes (1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1).

Sample Input 3

5 9
3 1 4 1 5

Sample Output 3

0

The objective is already achieved without performing operations.

Sample Input 4

2 0
5 5

Sample Output 4

10

All the candies need to be eaten.

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io;
use std::str::FromStr;
#[cfg(local)]
use std::fs::File;
#[cfg(local)]
use std::io::BufReader;

#[cfg(local)]
fn buf_read() -> io::Result<(Vec<String>)> {
    let f = try!(File::open("input.txt"));
    let input_lines: Vec<_> = BufReader::new(f).lines().collect();
    let lines: Vec<String> = input_lines.into_iter().map(|e| e.unwrap()).collect();
    Ok((lines))
}

#[cfg(not(local))]
fn buf_read() -> io::Result<(Vec<String>)> {
    let stdin = io::stdin();
    let input_lines: Vec<_> = stdin.lock().lines().collect();
    let lines: Vec<String> = input_lines.into_iter().map(|e| e.unwrap()).collect();
    Ok((lines))
}

fn main() {
    type Element = i64;
    let input = buf_read().unwrap();
    let mut input_vectors: Vec<Vec<Element>> = vec![];
    for input_line in input {
        let input_str: Vec<String> = input_line.split(' ').map(String::from).collect();
        let mut input_vector: Vec<Element> = vec![];
        for input_elem_str in input_str {
            let elem: Element = Element::from_str(input_elem_str.as_str()).unwrap();
            input_vector.push(elem);
        }
        input_vectors.push(input_vector);
    }
    let max = input_vectors[0][1];
    let a_array = input_vectors[1].clone();
    let mut pre = 0;
    let mut sum = 0;
    for cur in a_array {
        if pre + cur > max {
            sum += (pre + cur - max);
            pre = cur - (pre + cur - max);
            // println!("{:?}", sum);
        } else {
            pre = cur;
            // println!("safe");
        }
    }
    println!("{}", sum);
}