Problem:
Score: 400 points

Problem Statement

AtCoder Inc. has decided to lock the door of its office with a 3-digit PIN code.

The company has an N-digit lucky number, S. Takahashi, the president, will erase N-3 digits from S and concatenate the remaining 3 digits without changing the order to set the PIN code.

How many different PIN codes can he set this way?

Both the lucky number and the PIN code may begin with a 0.

Constraints

4 \leq N \leq 30000

S is a string of length N consisting of digits.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the number of different PIN codes Takahashi can set.

Sample Input 1

4
0224

Sample Output 1

3

Takahashi has the following options:

Erase the first digit of S and set 224.

Erase the second digit of S and set 024.

Erase the third digit of S and set 024.

Erase the fourth digit of S and set 022.

Thus, he can set three different PIN codes: 022, 024, and 224.

Sample Input 2

6
123123

Sample Output 2

17

Sample Input 3

19
3141592653589793238

Sample Output 3

329

Solution in Rust (1.15.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

// SNIPPET read
pub trait Readable {
    type Output;
    fn words_count() -> usize;
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readable {
    ( $t:ty, $words_count:expr, |$words:ident| $read_words:expr ) => {
        impl Readable for $t {
            type Output = $t;
            fn words_count() -> usize { $words_count }
            fn read_words($words: &[&str]) -> Result<$t, String> {
                Ok($read_words)
            }
        }
    };
}
readable!((), 1, |_ss| ());
readable!(String, 1, |ss| ss[0].to_string());
impl Readable for char {
    type Output = char;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<char, String> {
        let chars: Vec<char> = words[0].chars().collect();
        if chars.len() == 1 {
            Ok(chars[0])
        } else {
            Err(format!("cannot parse `{}` as a char", words[0]))
        }
    }
}
pub struct Chars();
impl Readable for Chars {
    type Output = Vec<char>;
    fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
    fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Vec<char>, String> {
        Ok(words[0].chars().collect())
    }
}
macro_rules! impl_readable_for_ints {
    ( $( $t:ty )* ) => { $(
        impl Readable for $t {
            type Output = Self;
            fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
            fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<$t, String> {
                use std::str::FromStr;
                <$t>::from_str(words[0]).map_err(|_| {
                    format!("cannot parse `{}` as {}", words[0], stringify!($t))
                })
            }
        }
    )* };
}
impl_readable_for_ints!(i8 u8 i16 u16 i32 u32 i64 u64 isize usize f32 f64);
macro_rules! define_one_origin_int_types {
    ( $new_t:ident $int_t:ty ) => {
        #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
        pub struct $new_t;
        impl Readable for $new_t {
            type Output = $int_t;
            fn words_count() -> usize { 1 }
            fn read_words(words: &[&str]) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                <$int_t>::read_words(words).map(|n| n-1)
            }
        }
    };
    ( $new_t:ident $int_t:ty; $( $inner_new_t:ident $inner_int_t:ty );* ) => {
        define_one_origin_int_types!($new_t $int_t);
        define_one_origin_int_types!($($inner_new_t $inner_int_t);*);
    };
}
define_one_origin_int_types!(u8_ u8; u16_ u16; u32_ u32; u64_ u64; usize_ usize);
macro_rules! impl_readable_for_tuples {
    ( $t:ident $var:ident ) => ();
    ( $t:ident $var:ident; $( $inner_t:ident $inner_var:ident );* ) => {
        impl_readable_for_tuples!($($inner_t $inner_var);*);
        impl<$t: Readable, $($inner_t: Readable),*> Readable
            for ($t, $($inner_t),*)
        {
            type Output = ( <$t>::Output, $(<$inner_t>::Output),* );
            fn words_count() -> usize {
                let mut n = <$t>::words_count();
                $(
                    n += <$inner_t>::words_count();
                )*
                n
            }
            #[allow(unused_assignments)]
            fn read_words(words: &[&str]) ->
                Result<Self::Output, String>
            {
                let mut start = 0;
                let $var = <$t>::read_words(
                    &words[start .. start+<$t>::words_count()]
                )?;
                start += <$t>::words_count();
                $(
                    let $inner_var =
                        <$inner_t>::read_words(
                            &words[start .. start+<$inner_t>::words_count()]
                        )?;
                    start += <$inner_t>::words_count();
                )*
                Ok(( $var, $($inner_var),* ))
            }
        }
    };
}
impl_readable_for_tuples!(T8 x8; T7 x7; T6 x6; T5 x5; T4 x4; T3 x3; T2 x2; T1 x1);
pub trait ReadableFromLine {
    type Output;
    fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String>;
}
fn split_into_words(line: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    line.trim_right_matches('\n').split_whitespace().collect()
}
impl<T: Readable> ReadableFromLine for T {
    type Output = T::Output;
    fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<T::Output, String> {
        let words = split_into_words(line);
        if words.len() != T::words_count() {
            return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected {}",
                               line, words.len(), T::words_count()));
        }
        T::read_words(&words)
    }
}
macro_rules! impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator {
    ( $u:ident : $( + $bound:path )* => $seq_in:ty, $seq_out:ty; $t:ident $var:ident ) => {
        impl<$u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for $seq_in
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = $seq_out;
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<$seq_out, String> {
                let n = $u::words_count();
                let words = split_into_words(line);
                if words.len() % n != 0 {
                    return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected multiple of {}",
                                       line, words.len(), n));
                }
                let mut result = Vec::new();
                for chunk in words.chunks(n) {
                    match $u::read_words(chunk) {
                        Ok(v) => result.push(v),
                        Err(msg) => {
                            let flagment_msg = if n == 1 {
                                format!("word {}", result.len())
                            } else {
                                let l = result.len();
                                format!("words {}-{}", n*l + 1, (n+1) * l)
                            };
                            return Err(format!(
                                "{} of line `{}`: {}", flagment_msg, line, msg
                            ));
                        }
                    }
                }
                Ok(result.into_iter().collect())
            }
        }
        impl<T: Readable, $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine for (T, $seq_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = (T::Output, $seq_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let n = T::words_count();
                #[allow(deprecated)]
                let trimmed = line.trim_right_matches('\n');
                let words_and_rest: Vec<&str> = trimmed.splitn(n + 1, ' ').collect();
                if words_and_rest.len() < n {
                    return Err(format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected at least {}",
                                       line, words_and_rest.len(), n));
                }
                let words = &words_and_rest[..n];
                let empty_str = "";
                let rest = words_and_rest.get(n).unwrap_or(&empty_str);
                Ok((T::read_words(words)?, <$seq_in>::read_line(rest)?))
            }
        }
    };
    ( $u:ident : $( + $bound:path )* => $seq_in:ty, $seq_out:ty;
      $t:ident $var:ident, $( $inner_t:ident $inner_var:ident ),+ ) => {
        impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator!(
            $u: $(+ $bound)* => $seq_in, $seq_out; $($inner_t $inner_var),+
        );
        impl<$t: Readable, $($inner_t: Readable),+ , $u: Readable> ReadableFromLine
            for ($t, $($inner_t),+ , $seq_in)
        where
            <$u as Readable>::Output: Sized $(+ $bound)*
        {
            type Output = ($t::Output, $($inner_t::Output),+ , $seq_out);
            fn read_line(line: &str) -> Result<Self::Output, String> {
                let mut n = $t::words_count();
                $(
                    n += $inner_t::words_count();
                )+
                #[allow(deprecated)]
                let trimmed = line.trim_right_matches('\n');
                let words_and_rest: Vec<&str> = trimmed.splitn(n + 1, ' ')
                    .collect();
                if words_and_rest.len() < n {
                    return Err(
                        format!("line `{}` has {} words, expected at least {}",
                                line, words_and_rest.len(), n)
                    );
                }
                let words = &words_and_rest[..n];
                let empty_str = "";
                let rest = words_and_rest.get(n).unwrap_or(&empty_str);
                let ($var, $($inner_var),*) =
                    <($t, $($inner_t),+)>::read_words(words)?;
                Ok(($var, $($inner_var),* , <$seq_in>::read_line(rest)?))
            }
        }
    };
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readable_collection {
    ($u:ident => $collection_in:ty, $collection_out:ty) => {
        impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator!(
            $u: => $collection_in, $collection_out;
            T8 x8, T7 x7, T6 x6, T5 x5, T4 x4, T3 x3, T2 x2, T1 x1
        );
    };
    ($u:ident : $( $bound:path ),* => $collection_in:ty, $collection_out:ty) => {
        impl_readable_from_line_for_tuples_with_from_iterator!(
            $u: $(+ $bound)* => $collection_in, $collection_out;
            T8 x8, T7 x7, T6 x6, T5 x5, T4 x4, T3 x3, T2 x2, T1 x1
        );
    }
}
readable_collection!(U => Vec<U>, Vec<U::Output>);
readable_collection!(
    U => std::collections::VecDeque<U>, std::collections::VecDeque<U::Output>
);
readable_collection!(
    U: Eq, std::hash::Hash => std::collections::HashSet<U>, std::collections::HashSet<U::Output>
);
readable_collection!(
    U: Ord => std::collections::BTreeSet<U>, std::collections::BTreeSet<U::Output>
);
readable_collection!(
    U: Ord => std::collections::BinaryHeap<U>, std::collections::BinaryHeap<U::Output>
);
pub fn read<T: ReadableFromLine>() -> T::Output {
    let mut line = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! read {
    () => {
        let mut line = String::new();
        std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
    };
    ( $pat:pat = $t:ty ) => {
        let $pat = read::<$t>();
    };
    ( $( $pat:pat = $t:ty ),+ ) => {
        read!(($($pat),*) = ($($t),*));
    };
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readls {
    ( $( $pat:pat = $t:ty ),+ ) => {
        $(
            read!($pat = $t);
        )*
    };
}
pub fn readx<T: ReadableFromLine>() -> Vec<T::Output> {
    use std::io::{self, BufRead};
    let stdin = io::stdin();
    let result = stdin.lock().lines().map(|line_result| {
        let line = line_result.expect("read from stdin failed");
        T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
    }).collect();
    result
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readx_loop {
    ( |$pat:pat = $t:ty| $body:expr ) => {
        {
            use std::io::BufRead;
            let stdin = std::io::stdin();
            for line in stdin.lock().lines() {
                let line = line.expect("read from stdin failed");
                let $pat = <$t>::read_line(&line).unwrap();
                $body
            }
        }
    };
    ( |$($pat:pat = $t:ty),*| $body:expr ) => {
        readx_loop!(|($($pat),*) = ($($t),*)| $body);
    };
}
pub fn readn<T: ReadableFromLine>(n: usize) -> Vec<T::Output> {
    use std::io::{self, BufRead};
    let stdin = io::stdin();
    let result: Vec<T::Output> = stdin.lock().lines().take(n).map(|line_result| {
        let line = line_result.expect("read from stdin failed");
        T::read_line(&line).unwrap()
    }).collect();
    if result.len() < n {
        panic!("expected reading {} lines, but only {} lines are read",
               n, result.len());
    }
    result
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! readn_loop {
    ( $n:expr, |$pat:pat = $t:ty| $body:expr ) => {
        {
            use std::io::BufRead;
            let stdin = std::io::stdin();
            let mut lock = stdin.lock();
            for _ in 0..$n {
                let mut line = String::new();
                lock.read_line(&mut line).expect("read from stdin failed");
                let $pat = <$t>::read_line(&line).unwrap();
                $body
            }
        }
    };
    ( $n:expr, |$($pat:pat = $t:ty),*| $body:expr ) => {
        readn_loop!($n, |($($pat),*) = ($($t),*)| $body);
    };
}
pub trait Words {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output;
}
impl<'a> Words for [&'a str] {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output {
        T::read_words(self).unwrap()
    }
}
impl<'a> Words for &'a str {
    fn read<T: Readable>(&self) -> T::Output {
        T::read_words(&[self]).unwrap()
    }
}

// SNIPPET num
pub trait PrimitiveInteger:
    Sized + Ord +
    std::ops::Add<Output=Self> +
    std::ops::Sub<Output=Self> +
    std::ops::Div<Output=Self>
{
    fn one() -> Self;
    fn abs_diff(self, rhs: Self) -> Self;
    fn rem_euclid(self, rhs: Self) -> Self;
}
macro_rules! impl_primitive_integer {
    ( $($t: ty)* ) => { $(
        impl PrimitiveInteger for $t {
            fn one() -> $t {
                1
            }
            fn abs_diff(self, rhs: $t) -> $t {
                if self < rhs { rhs - self } else { self - rhs }
            }
            #[allow(unused_comparisons)]
            fn rem_euclid(self, rhs: $t) -> $t {
                let r = self % rhs;
                if r < 0 {
                    if rhs < 0 { r - rhs } else { r + rhs }
                } else {
                    r
                }
            }
        }
    )* }
}
impl_primitive_integer!(u8 u16 u32 u64 usize i8 i16 i32 i64 isize);
pub trait PrimitiveUnsigned: PrimitiveInteger {
    fn ceil_div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self;
    fn round_div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self;
    fn log2(self) -> Option<Self>;
    fn ceil_log2(self) -> Option<Self>;
    fn sqrt(self) -> Self;
}
macro_rules! impl_primitive_unsigned {
    ( $($t: ty)* ) => { $(
        impl PrimitiveUnsigned for $t {
            fn ceil_div(self, rhs: $t) -> $t {
                (self + rhs - 1) / rhs
            }
            fn round_div(self, rhs: $t) -> $t {
                (self + rhs/2) / rhs
            }
            fn log2(mut self) -> Option<$t> {
                if self == 0 {
                    None
                } else {
                    let mut ans = 0;
                    while self > 1 {
                        ans += 1;
                        self /= 2;
                    }
                    Some(ans)
                }
            }
            fn ceil_log2(self) -> Option<$t> {
                self.log2().map(|x| {
                    (self + ((1<<x) - 1)).log2().unwrap()
                })
            }
            fn sqrt(self) -> $t {
                (self as f64).sqrt() as $t
            }
        }
    )* }
}
impl_primitive_unsigned!(u8 u16 u32 u64 usize);
pub fn gcd(a: u64, b: u64) -> u64 {
    if b == 0 { a } else { gcd(b, a%b) }
}
pub fn bezout(a: i64, b: i64) -> (i64, i64, u64) {
    let (x, y, g) = bezout_sub((a * a.signum()) as u64, (b * b.signum()) as u64);
    (x * a.signum(), y * b.signum(), g)
}
fn bezout_sub(a: u64, b: u64) -> (i64, i64, u64) {
    if b == 0 { (1, 0, a) } else {
        let m = (a / b) as i64;
        let (x, y, g) = bezout_sub(b, a%b);
        (y, x - m*y, g)
    }
}
macro_rules! forward_ref_unop {
    (impl $op:ident, $method:ident for $t:ty) => {
        impl std::ops::$op for &$t {
            type Output = <$t as std::ops::$op>::Output;
            fn $method(self) -> <$t as std::ops::$op>::Output {
                std::ops::$op::$method(*self)
            }
        }
    }
}
macro_rules! forward_ref_binop {
    (impl $op:ident, $method:ident for $t:ty, $u:ty) => {
        impl<'a> std::ops::$op<$u> for &'a $t {
            type Output = <$t as std::ops::$op<$u>>::Output;
            fn $method(self, other: $u) -> <$t as std::ops::$op<$u>>::Output {
                std::ops::$op::$method(*self, other)
            }
        }
        impl std::ops::$op<&$u> for $t {
            type Output = <$t as std::ops::$op<$u>>::Output;
            fn $method(self, other: &$u) -> <$t as std::ops::$op<$u>>::Output {
                std::ops::$op::$method(self, *other)
            }
        }
        impl std::ops::$op<&$u> for &$t {
            type Output = <$t as std::ops::$op<$u>>::Output;
            fn $method(self, other: &$u) -> <$t as std::ops::$op<$u>>::Output {
                std::ops::$op::$method(*self, *other)
            }
        }
    }
}
macro_rules! forward_ref_op_assign {
    (impl $op:ident, $method:ident for $t:ty, $u:ty) => {
        impl std::ops::$op<&$u> for $t {
            fn $method(&mut self, other: &$u) {
                std::ops::$op::$method(self, *other);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SNIPPET dbg
#[macro_export]
#[cfg(local)]
macro_rules! dbg {
    () => {
        {
            use std::io::{self, Write};
            writeln!(io::stderr(), "{}: dbg", line!()).unwrap();
        }
    };
    ($e: expr) => {
        {
            use std::io::{self, Write};
            let result = $e;
            writeln!(io::stderr(), "{}: {} = {:?}",
                     line!(), stringify!($e), result)
                .unwrap();
            result
        }
    }
}
#[macro_export]
#[cfg(not(local))]
macro_rules! dbg {
    () => {};
    ($e: expr) => {
        { $e }
    }
}

// SNIPPET bsearch
pub trait BSearch: Sized {
    type Item;
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool;
    fn leftmost_item(&self) -> Self::Item;
    fn rightmost_item(&self) -> Self::Item;
    fn middle_item(&self) -> Self::Item;
    fn left_half(&self) -> Self;
    fn right_half(&self) -> Self;
    fn is_bsearch_converged(&self) -> bool;
    fn bsearch_left_max<F>(&self, mut is_left: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool
    {
        if self.is_empty() {
            None
        } else if !is_left(&self.leftmost_item()) {
            None
        } else {
            let rightmost = self.rightmost_item();
            if is_left(&rightmost) {
                Some(rightmost)
            } else {
                Some(bsearch_left_max_sub(self, is_left))
            }
        }
    }
    fn bsearch_right_min<F>(&self, mut is_right: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool
    {
        if self.is_empty() {
            None
        } else if !is_right(&self.rightmost_item()) {
            None
        } else {
            let leftmost = self.leftmost_item();
            if is_right(&leftmost) {
                Some(leftmost)
            } else {
                Some(bsearch_right_min_sub(self, is_right))
            }
        }
    }
}
fn bsearch_left_max_sub<Items, T, F>(items: &Items, mut is_left: F) -> T
where
    Items: BSearch<Item=T>,
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
{
    if items.is_bsearch_converged() {
        items.leftmost_item()
    } else {
        if is_left(&items.middle_item()) {
            bsearch_left_max_sub(&items.right_half(), is_left)
        } else {
            bsearch_left_max_sub(&items.left_half(), is_left)
        }
    }
}
fn bsearch_right_min_sub<Items, T, F>(items: &Items, mut is_right: F) -> T
where
    Items: BSearch<Item=T>,
    F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
{
    if items.is_bsearch_converged() {
        items.rightmost_item()
    } else {
        if is_right(&items.middle_item()) {
            bsearch_right_min_sub(&items.left_half(), is_right)
        } else {
            bsearch_right_min_sub(&items.right_half(), is_right)
        }
    }
}
impl<T: PrimitiveInteger + Clone> BSearch for std::ops::Range<T> {
    type Item = T;
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.end <= self.start
    }
    fn leftmost_item(&self) -> T {
        self.start.clone()
    }
    fn rightmost_item(&self) -> T {
        self.end.clone() - T::one()
    }
    fn middle_item(&self) -> T {
        (self.start.clone() + self.end.clone()) / (T::one() + T::one())
    }
    fn left_half(&self) -> std::ops::Range<T> {
        self.start.clone()..(self.middle_item() + T::one())
    }
    fn right_half(&self) -> std::ops::Range<T> {
        self.middle_item()..self.end.clone()
    }
    fn is_bsearch_converged(&self) -> bool {
        BSearch::is_empty(self) || self.end.clone() - self.start.clone() <= T::one() + T::one()
    }
}
impl<'a, T> BSearch for &'a [T] {
    type Item = &'a T;
    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        <[T]>::is_empty(self)
    }
    fn leftmost_item(&self) -> &'a T {
        self.first().unwrap()
    }
    fn rightmost_item(&self) -> &'a T {
        self.last().unwrap()
    }
    fn middle_item(&self) -> &'a T {
        self.get(self.len() / 2).unwrap()
    }
    fn left_half(&self) -> &'a [T] {
        &self[..(self.len() / 2 + 1)]
    }
    fn right_half(&self) -> &'a [T] {
        &self[(self.len() / 2)..]
    }
    fn is_bsearch_converged(&self) -> bool {
        self.len() <= 2
    }
}
pub trait SliceBSearch {
    type Item;
    fn bsearch_left_max<F>(&self, is_left: F) -> Option<&Self::Item>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool;
    fn bsearch_index_left_max<F>(&self, is_left: F) -> Option<usize>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool;
    fn bsearch_right_min<F>(&self, is_right: F) -> Option<&Self::Item>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool;
    fn bsearch_index_right_min<F>(&self, is_right: F) -> Option<usize>
    where
        F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool;
}
impl<T> SliceBSearch for [T] {
    type Item = T;
    fn bsearch_left_max<F>(&self, mut is_left: F) -> Option<&T>
    where
        F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
    {
        BSearch::bsearch_left_max(&self, |&x| is_left(x))
    }
    fn bsearch_index_left_max<F>(&self, mut is_left: F) -> Option<usize>
    where
        F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
    {
        (0..self.len()).bsearch_left_max(|&i| {
            let x = unsafe { self.get_unchecked(i) };
            is_left(x)
        })
    }
    fn bsearch_right_min<F>(&self, mut is_right: F) -> Option<&T>
    where
        F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
    {
        BSearch::bsearch_right_min(&self, |&x| is_right(x))
    }
    fn bsearch_index_right_min<F>(&self, mut is_right: F) -> Option<usize>
    where
        F: FnMut(&T) -> bool
    {
        (0..self.len()).bsearch_right_min(|&i| {
            let x = unsafe { self.get_unchecked(i) };
            is_right(x)
        })
    }
}

// END SNIPPETS

fn to_digits(n: usize) -> Vec<usize> {
    vec![n/100, n/10 % 10, n % 10]
}

fn find(ns: &[usize], ps: &[Vec<usize>], begin: usize) -> bool {
    ns.split_first().map_or(true, |(&hd, tl)| {
        ps[hd].bsearch_right_min(|&p| {
            begin <= p
        }).map_or(false, |&next| find(tl, ps, next+1))
    })
}

fn main() {
    read!();
    read!(s = String);
    let mut ps = vec![Vec::new(); 10];
    for (i, c) in s.chars().enumerate() {
        let j = (c as u8 - b'0') as usize;
        ps[j].push(i);
    }
    let ans = (0..1000).filter(|&n| find(&to_digits(n), &ps, 0)).count();
    println!("{}", ans);
}