Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

We have N colored balls arranged in a row from left to right; the color of the i-th ball from the left is c_i.

You are given Q queries. The i-th query is as follows: how many different colors do the l_i-th through r_i-th balls from the left have?

Constraints

1\leq N,Q \leq 5 \times 10^5

1\leq c_i \leq N

1\leq l_i \leq r_i \leq N

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N Q
c_1 c_2 \cdots c_N
l_1 r_1
l_2 r_2
:
l_Q r_Q

Output

Print Q lines. The i-th line should contain the response to the i-th query.

Sample Input 1

4 3
1 2 1 3
1 3
2 4
3 3

Sample Output 1

2
3
1

The 1-st, 2-nd, and 3-rd balls from the left have the colors 1, 2, and 1 - two different colors.

The 2-st, 3-rd, and 4-th balls from the left have the colors 2, 1, and 3 - three different colors.

The 3-rd ball from the left has the color 1 - just one color.

Sample Input 2

10 10
2 5 6 5 2 1 7 9 7 2
5 5
2 4
6 7
2 2
7 8
7 9
1 8
6 9
8 10
6 8

Sample Output 2

1
2
2
1
2
2
6
3
3
3

Solution in Ruby (2.7.1) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

require 'set'

class Hash
  def push(key, value)
    self[key] = [] if self[key] == nil
    self[key].push(value)
  end
end

class Array
  def lower_bound(value)
    left = -1;
    right = self.length;
    while left + 1 < right
      mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
      if self[mid] >= value
        right = mid
      else
        left = mid
      end
    end
    right
  end

  def unique
    res = [self.first]
    each_cons(2) do |a, b|
      if a != b
        res.push(b)
      end
    end
    res
  end
end

def get_ints
  gets.chomp.split.map(&:to_i)
end

def get_ints_minus_one
  get_ints.map { |x| x - 1 }
end

def get_int
  gets.chomp.to_i
end

N, Q = get_ints
C = get_ints
X = []
Q.times do |i|
  X[i] = get_ints
end

xx = X.map.with_index { |(l, r), i| [l, r, i] }

xx.sort! do |x, y, _|
  if (x[1] <=> y[1]) == 0
    x[0] <=> y[0]
  else
    x[1] <=> y[1]
  end
end

array = Array.new(N, 0)
hash = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = 0 }
x_index = 0
ans = []

C.each.with_index do |color, i|
  cur_index = hash[color]
  next_index = i + 1
  hash[color] = next_index
  array_index = array.bsearch_index { |a| a >= cur_index }
  array.delete_at(array_index)
  array.push(next_index)

  # while xx[x_index] != nil && xx[x_index][1] == next_index
  #   l, r, i = xx[x_index]
  #   index = array.bsearch_index { |a| a >= l }
  #   ans[i] = array.length - index
  #   x_index += 1
  # end
end

ans.each do |a|
  puts a
end