Problem:
Rooted Trees

A graph G = (V, E) is a data structure where V is a finite set of vertices and E is a binary relation on V represented by a set of edges. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a graph (or graphs).

Fig. 1

A free tree is a connnected, acyclic, undirected graph. A rooted tree is a free tree in which one of the vertices is distinguished from the others. A vertex of a rooted tree is called "node."

Your task is to write a program which reports the following information for each node u of a given rooted tree T:

node ID of u

parent of u

depth of u

node type (root, internal node or leaf)

a list of chidlren of u

If the last edge on the path from the root r of a tree T to a node x is (p, x), then p is the parent of x, and x is a child of p. The root is the only node in T with no parent.

A node with no children is an external node or leaf. A nonleaf node is an internal node

The number of children of a node x in a rooted tree T is called the degree of x.

The length of the path from the root r to a node x is the depth of x in T.

Here, the given tree consists of n nodes and evey node has a unique ID from 0 to n-1.

Fig. 2 shows an example of rooted trees where ID of each node is indicated by a number in a circle (node). The example corresponds to the first sample input.

Fig. 2

Input

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of nodes of the tree.

In the next n lines, the information of each node u is given in the following format:

id k c1 c2 ... ck

where id is the node ID of u, k is the degree of u, c1 ... ck are node IDs of 1st, ... kth child of u. If the node does not have a child, the k is 0.

Output

Print the information of each node in the following format ordered by IDs:

node id: parent = p, depth = d, type, [c1...ck]

p is ID of its parent. If the node does not have a parent, print -1.

d is depth of the node.

type is a type of nodes represented by a string (root, internal node or leaf). If the root can be considered as a leaf or an internal node, print root.

c1...ck is the list of children as a ordered tree.

Please follow the format presented in a sample output below.

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100000

Sample Input 1

13
0 3 1 4 10
1 2 2 3
2 0
3 0
4 3 5 6 7
5 0
6 0
7 2 8 9
8 0
9 0
10 2 11 12
11 0
12 0

Sample Output 1

node 0: parent = -1, depth = 0, root, [1, 4, 10]
node 1: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [2, 3]
node 2: parent = 1, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 3: parent = 1, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 4: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [5, 6, 7]
node 5: parent = 4, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 6: parent = 4, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 7: parent = 4, depth = 2, internal node, [8, 9]
node 8: parent = 7, depth = 3, leaf, []
node 9: parent = 7, depth = 3, leaf, []
node 10: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [11, 12]
node 11: parent = 10, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 12: parent = 10, depth = 2, leaf, []

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 3 2 0
0 0
3 0
2 0

Sample Output 2

node 0: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []
node 1: parent = -1, depth = 0, root, [3, 2, 0]
node 2: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []
node 3: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []

Note

You can use a left-child, right-sibling representation to implement a tree which has the following data:

the parent of u

the leftmost child of u

the immediate right sibling of u

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in Ruby (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

class Node
  def initialize(node)
    @node = node
    @parent = nil
    @children = []
    @depth = 0
  end

  def who_am_i
    if @parent == -1
      'root'
    elsif @children.empty?
      'leaf'
    else
      'internal_node'
    end
  end

  def to_s
    "node #{node}: parent = #{parent}, depth = #{depth}, #{who_am_i}, #{children}"
  end

  attr_accessor :node, :parent, :children, :depth
end

class RootedTree
  def initialize(k)
    @node_list = []
    k.times do |i|
      @node_list << Node.new(i)
    end
  end

  def create_node(index, children)
    @node_list[index].children = children
    unless children.empty?
      children.each do |value|
        @node_list[value].parent = index
      end
    end
  end

  def eval_depth_of(index, target_node_index)
    return if @node_list[index].parent == -1
    @node_list[target_node_index].depth += 1
    eval_depth_of @node_list[index].parent, target_node_index
  end

  def search_root_node
    @node_list.each do |node|
      node.parent = -1 if node.parent.nil?
    end
  end

  attr_reader :node_list
end

n = gets.to_i
tree = RootedTree.new n
n.times do
  input = gets.split(' ').map(&:to_i)
  if !input[1].zero?
    children = input[1..-1]
  else
    children = []
  end
  tree.create_node input[0], children
end
tree.search_root_node

tree.node_list.each do |node|
  tree.eval_depth_of node.node, node.node
end

tree.node_list.each do |node|
  puts node.to_s
end