Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in Ruby (2.3.3) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

require 'prime'
MOD=10**9+7;  cnt=0; sum=0; prev=nil; can=true; h=Hash.new(0)
def gs() gets.chomp end
def gi() gets.chomp.to_i end
def gsmi() gets.chomp.split.map(&:to_i) end

def ar2(s1,s2,de=nil) Array.new(s1){Array.new(s2,de)} end
def ar3(s1,s2,s3,de=nil) Array.new(s1){Array.new(s2){Array.new(s3,de)}} end

def desc(ar) ar.sort!{|x,y| y<=>x} end
def min(a,b) a<=b ? a : b end
def max(a,b) a>=b ? a : b end
def sum(ar) ar.inject(:+) end
def ceil(a,b) (a.to_f/b).ceil end

def C(a,b) b==0||a==b ? 1 : (b=a-b if a/2<b;(a-b+1..a).inject(:*)/(1..b).inject(:*)) end
def rui(ar) s=[0]; ar.size.times{|i| s<<s[-1]+ar[i]}; s end
def rev_rui(ar) s=[0]; ar.size.times.reverse_each{|i| s<<s[-1]+ar[i]}; s end

def puts_yesno(b) puts(b ? 'Yes' : 'No') end
def putsend(s) puts s; exit end
def pu(h) begin; require './../nemi_lib/debug.rb'; puts_val(h); rescue LoadError; end; end
########### ( ˘ω˘ )ｽﾔｧ… ###########
n=gi
s=gs
q=gi
ans=[]
def a_idx(str)
  str.ord-97
end

al=Array.new(26){[]}
n.times do |i|
  idx=a_idx s[i]
  al[idx]<<i
end
#pu "al":al.to_s

q.times do
  type,a,b=gets.chomp.split
  if type=="1"
    tar = al[a_idx s[a.to_i-1]]
    idx=tar.bsearch_index{|x|x>=a.to_i-1}
    tar.delete_at(idx)

    al[a_idx b]<<a.to_i-1
    pu "al":al.to_s
  else
    cnt=0
    26.times do |i|
      tar=al[i]
      idx=tar.bsearch{|x|x>=a.to_i-1}
      #pu idx:idx
      next if idx.nil?
      cnt+=1 if idx<=b.to_i-1
    end
    ans<<cnt
  end
end
puts ans