Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

Snuke is standing on a two-dimensional plane. In one operation, he can move by 1 in the positive x-direction, or move by 1 in the positive y-direction.

Let us define a function f(r, c) as follows:

f(r,c) := (The number of paths from the point (0, 0) to the point (r, c) that Snuke can trace by repeating the operation above)

Given are integers r_1, r_2, c_1, and c_2.
Find the sum of f(i, j) over all pair of integers (i, j) such that r_1 ≤ i ≤ r_2 and c_1 ≤ j ≤ c_2, and compute this value modulo (10^9+7).

Constraints

1 ≤ r_1 ≤ r_2 ≤ 10^6

1 ≤ c_1 ≤ c_2 ≤ 10^6

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

r_1 c_1 r_2 c_2

Output

Print the sum of f(i, j) modulo (10^9+7).

Sample Input 1

1 1 2 2

Sample Output 1

14

For example, there are two paths from the point (0, 0) to the point (1, 1): (0,0) → (0,1) → (1,1) and (0,0) → (1,0) → (1,1), so f(1,1)=2.

Similarly, f(1,2)=3, f(2,1)=3, and f(2,2)=6. Thus, the sum is 14.

Sample Input 2

314 159 2653 589

Sample Output 2

602215194

Solution in Ruby (2.3.3) (judge verdict: Accepted)

MOD=10**9+7
cnt=0; sum=0; prev=nil; can=true; h=Hash.new(0)
def gs() gets.chomp end
def gi() gets.chomp.to_i end
def gsmi() gets.chomp.split.map(&:to_i) end

def desc(ar) ar.sort!{|x,y| y<=>x} end
def min(a,b) a<=b ? a : b end
def max(a,b) a>=b ? a : b end
def sum(ar) ar.inject(:+) end

#def C(a,b) b==0||a==b ? 1 : (b=a-b if a/2<b;(a-b+1..a).inject(:*)/(1..b).inject(:*)) end
def rui(ar) s=[0]; ar.size.times{|i| s<<s[-1]+ar[i]}; s end
def rev_rui(ar) s=[0]; ar.size.times.reverse_each{|i| s<<s[-1]+ar[i]}; s end

def puts_yesno(b) puts(b ? 'Yes' : 'No') end
def putsend(s) puts s; exit end
def debug(k,v) puts "#{k}:#{v}" end
########### ( ˘ω˘ )ｽﾔｧ… ###########
require 'openssl'
def C(a,b)
  if b==0||a==b
    1
  else
    b=a-b if a/2<b
    x=(a-b+1..a).inject(1){|res,i|res*i%MOD}
    y=(1..b).inject(1){|res,i|res*i%MOD}
    yn=OpenSSL::BN.new(y).mod_inverse(MOD)
    x*yn
  end
end

r1,c1,r2,c2=gsmi

sum=0
sum+=C(r2+1+c2+1,c2+1)%MOD
sum-=(C(r1+c2+1,r1)%MOD+C(r2+1+c1,r2+1)%MOD)
sum+=C(r1+c1,c1)%MOD

puts sum%MOD