Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There are N pieces of sushi. Each piece has two parameters: "kind of topping" t_i and "deliciousness" d_i.
You are choosing K among these N pieces to eat.
Your "satisfaction" here will be calculated as follows:

The satisfaction is the sum of the "base total deliciousness" and the "variety bonus".

The base total deliciousness is the sum of the deliciousness of the pieces you eat.

The variety bonus is x*x, where x is the number of different kinds of toppings of the pieces you eat.

You want to have as much satisfaction as possible.
Find this maximum satisfaction.

Constraints

1 \leq K \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq t_i \leq N

1 \leq d_i \leq 10^9

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
t_1 d_1
t_2 d_2
.
.
.
t_N d_N

Output

Print the maximum satisfaction that you can obtain.

Sample Input 1

5 3
1 9
1 7
2 6
2 5
3 1

Sample Output 1

26

If you eat Sushi 1,2 and 3:

The base total deliciousness is 9+7+6=22.

The variety bonus is 2*2=4.

Thus, your satisfaction will be 26, which is optimal.

Sample Input 2

7 4
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 6
4 5
4 5
4 5

Sample Output 2

25

It is optimal to eat Sushi 1,2,3 and 4.

Sample Input 3

6 5
5 1000000000
2 990000000
3 980000000
6 970000000
6 960000000
4 950000000

Sample Output 3

4900000016

Note that the output may not fit into a 32-bit integer type.

Solution in Ruby (2.3.3) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

Node = Struct.new(:t, :d) do
  def <=>(node)
    d <=> node.d
  end
end

class PriorityQueue
  attr_reader :size

  def initialize(order: :asc)
    @size = 0
    @nodes = []
  end

  def empty?
    @size.zero?
  end

  def push(node)
    index = size
    @size += 1

    while index > 0
      parent = (index - 1) / 2

      break if (@nodes[parent] <=> node) <= 0

      @nodes[index] = @nodes[parent]
      index = parent
    end

    @nodes[index] = node
  end

  alias_method :<<, :push

  def pop
    node = @nodes.first
    root = @nodes[size - 1]
    @size -= 1
    index = 0

    while index * 2 + 1 < @size
      left = 2 * index + 1
      right = left + 1

      if right < size && (@nodes[right] <=> @nodes[left]) <= 0
        left = right
      end

      break if (@nodes[left] <=> root) > 0

      @nodes[index] = @nodes[left]
      index = left
    end

    @nodes[index] = root
    node
  end

  def top
    @nodes.first
  end
end

N, K = gets.split.map(&:to_i)

sushi = []

N.times do 
  t, d = gets.split.map(&:to_i)

  sushi << [t, d]
end

sushi.sort_by! { |_t, d| -d }

current_list = sushi.take(K)
sum = 0
kinds = Hash.new(0)
pque = PriorityQueue.new

current_list.each do |t, d|
  sum += d
  kinds[t] += 1
  pque.push(Node.new(t, d))
end

k = kinds.size
ans = sum + k ** 2

sushi[K..-1].each do |t, d|
  next if kinds[t] > 0

  while kinds[pque.top.t] <= 1
    pque.pop
  end

  s = sum - pque.top.d + d
  x = (k + 1) ** 2
  a = s + x

  sum = s
  ans = a if ans < a
  k += 1
  kinds[pque.top.t] -= 1
  kinds[t] += 1
  pque.pop

  break if k == K
  break if pque.empty?
end

puts ans