Problem:
Rooted Trees

A graph G = (V, E) is a data structure where V is a finite set of vertices and E is a binary relation on V represented by a set of edges. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a graph (or graphs).

Fig. 1

A free tree is a connnected, acyclic, undirected graph. A rooted tree is a free tree in which one of the vertices is distinguished from the others. A vertex of a rooted tree is called "node."

Your task is to write a program which reports the following information for each node u of a given rooted tree T:

node ID of u

parent of u

depth of u

node type (root, internal node or leaf)

a list of chidlren of u

If the last edge on the path from the root r of a tree T to a node x is (p, x), then p is the parent of x, and x is a child of p. The root is the only node in T with no parent.

A node with no children is an external node or leaf. A nonleaf node is an internal node

The number of children of a node x in a rooted tree T is called the degree of x.

The length of the path from the root r to a node x is the depth of x in T.

Here, the given tree consists of n nodes and evey node has a unique ID from 0 to n-1.

Fig. 2 shows an example of rooted trees where ID of each node is indicated by a number in a circle (node). The example corresponds to the first sample input.

Fig. 2

Input

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of nodes of the tree.

In the next n lines, the information of each node u is given in the following format:

id k c1 c2 ... ck

where id is the node ID of u, k is the degree of u, c1 ... ck are node IDs of 1st, ... kth child of u. If the node does not have a child, the k is 0.

Output

Print the information of each node in the following format ordered by IDs:

node id: parent = p, depth = d, type, [c1...ck]

p is ID of its parent. If the node does not have a parent, print -1.

d is depth of the node.

type is a type of nodes represented by a string (root, internal node or leaf). If the root can be considered as a leaf or an internal node, print root.

c1...ck is the list of children as a ordered tree.

Please follow the format presented in a sample output below.

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100000

Sample Input 1

13
0 3 1 4 10
1 2 2 3
2 0
3 0
4 3 5 6 7
5 0
6 0
7 2 8 9
8 0
9 0
10 2 11 12
11 0
12 0

Sample Output 1

node 0: parent = -1, depth = 0, root, [1, 4, 10]
node 1: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [2, 3]
node 2: parent = 1, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 3: parent = 1, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 4: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [5, 6, 7]
node 5: parent = 4, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 6: parent = 4, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 7: parent = 4, depth = 2, internal node, [8, 9]
node 8: parent = 7, depth = 3, leaf, []
node 9: parent = 7, depth = 3, leaf, []
node 10: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [11, 12]
node 11: parent = 10, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 12: parent = 10, depth = 2, leaf, []

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 3 2 0
0 0
3 0
2 0

Sample Output 2

node 0: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []
node 1: parent = -1, depth = 0, root, [3, 2, 0]
node 2: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []
node 3: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []

Note

You can use a left-child, right-sibling representation to implement a tree which has the following data:

the parent of u

the leftmost child of u

the immediate right sibling of u

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in Ruby (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

class Node
  attr_accessor :par, :left_cld, :right_sib, :depth, :childs, :type
  def initialize()
    @par = -1
    @left_cld = nil
    @right_sib = nil
    @depth = nil
    @childs = []
    @type = "internal node"
  end
end

#入力
n = gets.to_i
inputs = Array.new(n){gets.split.map(&:to_i)}.sort

#ノード生成ここから
$nodes = Array.new(n){Node.new}
inputs.each_with_index do |input, i|
  #もし子がないならnext
  if input[1] == 0
    next
  end

  #parを設定
  input[2..-1].each do |num|
    $nodes[num].par = i
  end

  #left_cldを設定
  $nodes[i].left_cld = input[2]

  #right_sibを設定
  tmp = input[2..-1] + [nil]
  tmp.each_with_index do |num, j|
    if num
      $nodes[num].right_sib = tmp[j+1]
    end
  end
end

def set_depth(id, depth)
  $nodes[id].depth = depth

  if $nodes[id].right_sib
    set_depth($nodes[id].right_sib, depth)
  end

  if $nodes[id].left_cld
    set_depth($nodes[id].left_cld, depth+1)
  end
end

def set_childs
  $nodes.each do |node|
    c = node.left_cld
    while c
      node.childs << c
      c = $nodes[c].right_sib
    end
  end
end

def set_type
  $nodes.each_with_index do |node, k|
    if node.par == -1
      node.type = "root"
      set_depth(k,0)
    elsif !node.left_cld
      node.type = "leaf"
    end
  end
end

set_childs()
set_type()
#ノード生成ここまで

$nodes.each_with_index do |n, i|
  puts 'node %d: parent = %d, depth = %d, %s, %s' % [i, n.par, n.depth, n.type, n.childs.to_s]
end