Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

In some other world, today is Christmas.

Mr. Takaha decides to make a multi-dimensional burger in his party. A level-L burger (L is an integer greater than or equal to 0) is the following thing:

A level-0 burger is a patty.

A level-L burger (L \geq 1) is a bun, a level-(L-1) burger, a patty, another level-(L-1) burger and another bun, stacked vertically in this order from the bottom.

For example, a level-1 burger and a level-2 burger look like BPPPB and BBPPPBPBPPPBB (rotated 90 degrees), where B and P stands for a bun and a patty.

The burger Mr. Takaha will make is a level-N burger. Lunlun the Dachshund will eat X layers from the bottom of this burger (a layer is a patty or a bun). How many patties will she eat?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 50

1 \leq X \leq ( the total number of layers in a level-N burger )

N and X are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N X

Output

Print the number of patties in the bottom-most X layers from the bottom of a level-N burger.

Sample Input 1

2 7

Sample Output 1

4

There are 4 patties in the bottom-most 7 layers of a level-2 burger (BBPPPBPBPPPBB).

Sample Input 2

1 1

Sample Output 2

0

The bottom-most layer of a level-1 burger is a bun.

Sample Input 3

50 4321098765432109

Sample Output 3

2160549382716056

A level-50 burger is rather thick, to the extent that the number of its layers does not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Solution in Python (3.4.3) (judge verdict: Accepted)

n, x = map(int, input().split())
x -= 1
thick = [1]
for i in range(n):
    thick.append(thick[i] * 2 + 3)


def f(level, layer):
    if level == 0:
        return 1
    elif layer == 0:
        # print('start')
        return 0
    elif 1 <= layer <= thick[level-1]:
        # print('first')
        return f(level-1, layer-1)
    elif layer == thick[level-1]+1:
        # print('half')
        return f(level-1, thick[level-1]-1) + 1
    elif thick[level-1]+2 <= layer <= thick[level-1] * 2 + 1:
        # print('second')
        return f(level-1, thick[level-1]-1) + 1 + f(level-1, layer-thick[level-1]-2)
    elif layer == thick[level-1] * 2 + 2:
        # print('end')
        return f(level-1, thick[level-1]-1) * 2 + 1


print(f(n, x))