Problem:
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Single Source Shortest Path II

For a given weighted graph $G = (V, E)$, find the shortest path from a source to each vertex. For each vertex $u$, print the total weight of edges on the shortest path from vertex $0$ to $u$.

Input

In the first line, an integer $n$ denoting the number of vertices in $G$ is given. In the following $n$ lines, adjacency lists for each vertex $u$ are respectively given in the following format:

$u$ $k$ $v_1$ $c_1$ $v_2$ $c_2$ ... $v_k$ $c_k$

Vertices in $G$ are named with IDs $0, 1, ..., n-1$. $u$ is ID of the target vertex and $k$ denotes its degree. $v_i (i = 1, 2, ... k)$ denote IDs of vertices adjacent to $u$ and $c_i$ denotes the weight of a directed edge connecting $u$ and $v_i$ (from $u$ to $v_i$).

Output

For each vertex, print its ID and the distance separated by a space character in a line respectively. Print in order of vertex IDs.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 10,000$

$0 \leq c_i \leq 100,000$

$|E| < 500,000$

All vertices are reachable from vertex $0$

Sample Input 1

5
0 3 2 3 3 1 1 2
1 2 0 2 3 4
2 3 0 3 3 1 4 1
3 4 2 1 0 1 1 4 4 3
4 2 2 1 3 3

Sample Output 1

0 0
1 2
2 2
3 1
4 3

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in OCaml (judge verdict: Accepted)

module MakeBinaryHeap (M : sig type t val compare : t -> t -> int end) = struct

  type t = { node : M.t array; mutable size : int }

  let make n (init : M.t) = { node = Array.make n init; size = 0 }

  let empty_p t = if t.size = 0 then true else false

  let pop t =
    if t.size <= 0 then failwith "out of size" else
    let rec max_heapify i =
      let l = 2*i in
      let r = 2*i + 1 in
      let m = if l <= t.size && M.compare t.node.(l) t.node.(i) > 0 then l else i in
      let m = if r <= t.size && M.compare t.node.(r) t.node.(m) > 0 then r else m in
      if m = i then ()
      else begin
        let tmp = t.node.(i) in
        t.node.(i) <- t.node.(m);
        t.node.(m) <- tmp;
        max_heapify m
      end in
    let ret = t.node.(1) in
    t.node.(1) <- t.node.(t.size);
    t.size <- t.size - 1;
    max_heapify 1;
    ret

  let push x t =
    let parent i = int_of_float (floor (float_of_int i) /. 2.) in
    let rec doit i =
      let p = parent i in
      if i <= 1 || M.compare t.node.(p) t.node.(i) >= 0 then ()
      else begin
        let tmp = t.node.(i) in
        t.node.(i) <- t.node.(p);
        t.node.(p) <- tmp;
        doit p
      end in
    t.size <- t.size + 1;
    t.node.(t.size) <- x;
    doit t.size

end

module H = MakeBinaryHeap(struct type t = (int * int) let compare (_, x) (_, y) = y - x end)

let dijkstra g n =
  let reached_p = Array.make n false in
  let min_costs = Array.make n max_int in
  min_costs.(0) <- 0;
  let h = H.make 100000 (0, 0) in
  H.push (0, 0) h;
  while not (H.empty_p h) do
    let (u, x) = H.pop h in
    reached_p.(u) <- true;
    if x > min_costs.(u) then ()
    else
      List.iter (fun (v, c) ->
        let x = min_costs.(u) + c in
        if not reached_p.(v) && x < min_costs.(v) then begin
          min_costs.(v) <- x;
          H.push (v, x) h;
        end) g.(u);
  done;
  min_costs

let rec make_pair acc = function
  | [] -> acc
  | v :: c :: tl -> make_pair ((v, c) :: acc) tl
  | _ -> assert false

let make_pair lst = make_pair [] lst

let split_on_char sep s =
  let open String in
  let r = ref [] in
  let j = ref (length s) in
  for i = length s - 1 downto 0 do
    if get s i = sep then begin
      r := sub s (i + 1) (!j - i - 1) :: !r;
      j := i
    end
  done;
  sub s 0 !j :: !r

let () =
  let n = read_int () in
  let g = Array.make n [] in
  for _ = 0 to n - 1 do
    match read_line () |> split_on_char ' ' |> List.map int_of_string with
    | u :: _ :: l -> g.(u) <- make_pair l
    | _ -> assert false
  done;
  dijkstra g n |> Array.iteri (fun i e -> Printf.printf "%d %d\n" i e)