Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of A, C, G and T. Answer the following Q queries:

Query i (1 \leq i \leq Q): You will be given integers l_i and r_i (1 \leq l_i < r_i \leq N). Consider the substring of S starting at index l_i and ending at index r_i (both inclusive). In this string, how many times does AC occurs as a substring?

Notes

A substring of a string T is a string obtained by removing zero or more characters from the beginning and the end of T.

For example, the substrings of ATCODER include TCO, AT, CODER, ATCODER and (the empty string), but not AC.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq Q \leq 10^5

S is a string of length N.

Each character in S is A, C, G or T.

1 \leq l_i < r_i \leq N

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N Q
S
l_1 r_1
:
l_Q r_Q

Output

Print Q lines. The i-th line should contain the answer to the i-th query.

Sample Input 1

8 3
ACACTACG
3 7
2 3
1 8

Sample Output 1

2
0
3

Query 1: the substring of S starting at index 3 and ending at index 7 is ACTAC. In this string, AC occurs twice as a substring.

Query 2: the substring of S starting at index 2 and ending at index 3 is CA. In this string, AC occurs zero times as a substring.

Query 3: the substring of S starting at index 1 and ending at index 8 is ACACTACG. In this string, AC occurs three times as a substring.

Solution in Common Lisp (SBCL 1.1.14) (judge verdict: Accepted)

(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
  (defparameter OPT
    #+swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 2))
    #-swank '(optimize (speed 3) (safety 0) (debug 0)))
  #+swank (progn (ql:quickload '(:cl-debug-print :fiveam))
                 (shadow :run)
                 (use-package :fiveam)))
#+swank (cl-syntax:use-syntax cl-debug-print:debug-print-syntax)

;; BEGIN_INSERTED_CONTENTS
(defmacro buffered-read-line (&optional (buffer-size 30) (in '*standard-input*) (terminate-char #\Space))
  "Note that the returned string will be reused."
  (let ((buffer (gensym))
        (character (gensym))
        (idx (gensym)))
    `(let ((,buffer (load-time-value (make-string ,buffer-size
                                                  :element-type 'base-char))))
       (declare (simple-base-string ,buffer))
       (loop for ,character of-type base-char =
                #-swank (code-char (read-byte ,in nil #.(char-code #\Newline)))
                #+swank (read-char ,in nil #\Newline)
             for ,idx from 0
             until (char= ,character #\Newline)
             do (setf (schar ,buffer ,idx) ,character)
             finally (when (< ,idx ,buffer-size)
                       (setf (schar ,buffer ,idx) ,terminate-char))
                     (return (values ,buffer ,idx))))))

(defmacro split-ints-bind (vars string &body body)
  (let ((position (gensym))
        (s (gensym)))
    (labels ((expand (vars &optional init-pos)
               (if (null vars)
                   body
                   `((multiple-value-bind (,(car vars) ,position)
                         (parse-integer ,s :start ,(or init-pos position)
                                           :junk-allowed t)
                       ,@(when (null (cdr vars)) `((declare (ignore ,position))))
                       ,@(expand (cdr vars)))))))
      `(let ((,s ,string))
         (declare (string ,s))
         ,@(expand vars 0)))))

(declaim (inline read-line-into))
(defun read-line-into (buffer-string &key (in *standard-input*) (terminate-char #\Space))
  (declare (simple-base-string buffer-string))
  (loop for c of-type base-char =
           #-swank (code-char (read-byte in nil #.(char-code #\Newline)))
           #+swank (read-char in nil #\Newline)
        for idx from 0
        until (char= c #\Newline)
        do (setf (schar buffer-string idx) c)
        finally (when (< idx (length buffer-string))
                  (setf (schar buffer-string idx) terminate-char))
                (return (values buffer-string idx))))

(defmacro dbg (&rest forms)
  #+swank
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (form) `(format *error-output* "~A => ~A~%" ',form ,form))
               forms))
  #-swank (declare (ignore forms)))

(defmacro define-int-types (&rest bits)
  `(progn
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "UINT~A" b)) () '(unsigned-byte ,b))) bits)
     ,@(mapcar (lambda (b) `(deftype ,(intern (format nil "INT~A" b)) () '(signed-byte ,b))) bits)))
(define-int-types 2 4 7 8 15 16 31 32 62 63 64)

(defmacro println (obj &optional (stream '*standard-output*))
  `(let ((*read-default-float-format* 'double-float))
     (prog1 (princ ,obj ,stream) (terpri ,stream))))

(defconstant +mod+ 1000000007)

;; Body

(defun main ()
  (declare #.OPT)
  (let* ((n (read))
         (q (read))
         (buf (make-string n :element-type 'base-char))
         (cumul (make-array (1+ n) :element-type 'uint32 :initial-element 0))
         (out (make-string-output-stream :element-type 'base-char)))
    (declare (uint32 n q))
    (read-line-into buf)
    (dotimes (i (- n 1))
      (when (and (char= #\A (schar buf i))
                 (char= #\C (schar buf (+ i 1))))
        (setf (aref cumul (+ i 2)) 1)))
    (loop for i from 1 to n
          do (incf (aref cumul i) (aref cumul (- i 1))))
    (dotimes (_ q (write-string (get-output-stream-string out)))
      (split-ints-bind (l r) (buffered-read-line 13)
        (println (- (aref cumul r) (aref cumul l)) out)))))

#-swank(main)