Problem:
Max Score: 350 Points

Problem Statement

There are N buildings along the line. The i-th building from the left is colored in color i, and its height is currently a_i meters.

Chokudai is a mayor of the city, and he loves colorful thigs. And now he wants to see at least K buildings from the left.

You can increase height of buildings, but it costs 1 yens to increase 1 meters. It means you cannot make building that height is not integer.

You cannot decrease height of buildings.

Calculate the minimum cost of satisfying Chokudai's objective.

Note: "Building i can see from the left" means there are no j exists that (height of building j) ≥ (height of building i) and j < i.

Input Format

N K
a_1 a_2 a_3 ... a_N

Output Format

Print the minimum cost in one line. In the end put a line break.

Constraints

1 ≤ K ≤ N ≤ 15

1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9

Scoring

Subtask 1 [120 points]

N = K

Subtask 2 [90 points]

N ≤ 5

a_i ≤ 7

Subtask 3 [140 points]

There are no additional constraints.

Sample Input 1

5 5
3949 3774 3598 3469 3424

Sample Output 1

1541

The optimal solution is (height of buildings from the left) = [3949, 3950, 3951, 3952, 3953].

Sample Input 2

5 3
7 4 2 6 4

Sample Output 2

7

The optimal solution is (height of buildings from the left) = [7, 8, 2, 9, 4].

Solution in Kotlin (1.0.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.PrintWriter
import java.util.NoSuchElementException

fun main(args: Array<String>) = IO().exec {
    val n = int()
    val k = int()
    val a = LongArray(n){long()}
    val preCond = LongArray(n)
    for (i in n-1) preCond[i+1] = Math.max(preCond[i], a[i])
    var minCost = 1L.shl(60)
    for (mask in 1.shl(n)) {
        if (Integer.bitCount(mask) != k) continue
        val bits = bits(mask, n)
        var cost = 0L
        var pre = 0L
        for (b in bits) {
            pre = Math.max(pre, preCond[b])
            if (pre >= a[b]) {
                cost += pre + 1 - a[b]
                pre++
            } else {
                pre = a[b]
            }
        }
        minCost = Math.min(minCost, cost)
    }
    println(minCost)
}

fun bits(mask: Int, n: Int): IntArray {
    val ret = IntArray(Integer.bitCount(mask))
    var cnt = 0
    for (i in 0 until n) if (mask.and(1.shl(i)) > 0) ret[cnt++] = i
    return ret
}

operator fun Int.iterator() = 0.until(this).iterator()

class IO {
    val printable = 33..126
    val buffer = ByteArray(1024)
    var ptr = 0
    var buflen = 0
    val out = PrintWriter(System.out)
    fun hasNextByte(): Boolean {
        if (ptr < buflen) {
            return true
        } else {
            ptr = 0
            buflen = System.`in`.read(buffer)
            if (buflen <= 0) {
                return false
            }
        }
        return true
    }
    fun readByte(): Byte {
        return if (hasNextByte()) buffer[ptr++] else return -1
    }
    fun hasNext(): Boolean {
        while (hasNextByte() && buffer[ptr] !in printable) ptr++
        return hasNextByte()
    }
    fun string(): String {
        if (!hasNext()) throw NoSuchElementException()
        val sb = StringBuilder()
        var b = readByte()
        while (b in printable) {
            sb.appendCodePoint(b.toInt())
            b = readByte()
        }
        return sb.toString()
    }
    fun long(): Long {
        if (!hasNext()) throw NoSuchElementException()
        var n = 0L
        var minus = false
        var b = readByte()
        if (b == '-'.toByte()) {
            minus = true
            b = readByte()
        }
        if (b !in '0'.toByte()..'9'.toByte()) {
            throw NumberFormatException()
        }
        while (true) {
            if (b in '0'.toByte()..'9'.toByte()) {
                n *= 10
                n += b - '0'.toByte()
            } else if (b == (-1).toByte() || b !in printable) {
                return if (minus) -n else n
            } else {
                throw NumberFormatException()
            }
            b = readByte()
        }
    }
    fun int(): Int {
        val nl = long()
        if (nl !in Integer.MIN_VALUE..Integer.MAX_VALUE) throw NumberFormatException()
        return nl.toInt()
    }
    fun double(): Double {
        return string().toDouble()
    }
    fun print(obj: Any) = out.print(obj)
    fun print(i: Int) = out.print(i)
    fun print(l: Long) = out.print(l)
    fun println(obj: Any) = out.println(obj)
    fun println(i: Int) = out.println(i)
    fun println(l: Long) = out.println(l)
    inline fun exec(block: IO.() -> Unit) {
        block()
        out.flush()
    }
}