Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in Kotlin (1.0.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader
import java.io.InputStream
import java.io.InputStreamReader
import java.util.*

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val sc = FastScanner(System.`in`)

    val n = sc.nextInt()
    val s = sc.next().toCharArray()
    val chars = Array(26) { TreeSet<Int>() }

    for (x in 0 until n) {
        chars[s[x] - 'a'].add(x)
    }

    repeat(sc.nextInt()) {
        val op = sc.nextInt()
        when (op) {
            1 -> {
                val i = sc.nextInt() - 1
                val c = sc.next()
                chars[s[i] - 'a'].remove(i)
                s[i] = c[0]
                chars[s[i] - 'a'].add(i)
            }
            2 -> {
                val l = sc.nextInt() - 1
                val r = sc.nextInt() - 1
                println(chars.count { (it.ceiling(l) ?: n) <= r })
            }
        }
    }


}


class FastScanner(s: InputStream) {
    private var st = StringTokenizer("")
    private val br = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(s))

    fun next(): String {
        while (!st.hasMoreTokens()) st = StringTokenizer(br.readLine())

        return st.nextToken()
    }

    fun nextInt() = next().toInt()
    fun nextLong() = next().toLong()
    fun nextLine() = br.readLine()
    fun nextDouble() = next().toDouble()
    fun ready() = br.ready()
}