Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.

You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. If we can, find the minimum number of operations required.

Choose an integer i such that 1\leq i\leq N-1. Replace the value of X_{i+1} with the value of X_i plus 1.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^9(1\leq i\leq N)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

If we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation, print the minimum number of operations required. If we cannot, print -1.

Sample Input 1

4
0
1
1
2

Sample Output 1

3

We can make X equal to A as follows:

Choose i=2. X becomes (0,0,1,0).

Choose i=1. X becomes (0,1,1,0).

Choose i=3. X becomes (0,1,1,2).

Sample Input 2

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

9
0
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
2

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in Kotlin (1.3.71) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.*
import java.util.*
import java.lang.*
import java.lang.Math.*


fun solve() {
    val N = rd.readInt()
    val A = IntArray(N)
    for (i in 0 until N) {
        A[i] = rd.readInt()
    }

    var ok = A[0]==0
    for (i in 1 until N) {
        if (A[i] <= A[i-1]+1 && A[i] <= i) continue
        ok = false
        break
    }
    if (!ok) {
        println(-1)
        return
    }

    var from = IntArray(N){0}
    var idx = 0
    for (i in 1 until N) {
        if (A[i] == A[i-1] + 1) {
            from[i] = idx
        } else if (A[i] == 0) {
            idx = i
            from[i] = idx
        } else {
            idx = i-A[i]
            from[i] = idx
        }
    }

    errPrintln(from.joinToString(" "))

    var cnt = 0L
    var pre = INF
    for (i in N-1 downTo 0) {
        if (from[i] == pre) {
            pre = from[i]
            continue
        }
        cnt += i - from[i]
        pre = from[i]
    }

    val ans = cnt
    println(ans)
}


//val rd = debug.Reader("agc", "024", "c", "sample-3")
val rd = Reader()


fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    try {
        var exception: Throwable? = null
        val sth = Thread(null, SolveThread(), "solveThread", 128 * 1024 * 1024)
        sth.setUncaughtExceptionHandler { _, e -> exception = e }
        sth.start(); sth.join()
        if (exception != null) throw exception!!
    } catch (e: Exception) { throw e }
}
const val MOD = 1_000_000_007L; const val INF = Int.MAX_VALUE/2; const val LINF = Long.MAX_VALUE/2
const val EPS = 1e-9; fun DBLEQ(a: Double, b: Double): Boolean {return abs(a - b) < EPS}
data class IntPair(val first: Int, val second: Int)
data class To(val idx: Int, val cost: Long)
typealias ALI = ArrayList<Int>
fun <T>edge(V: Int): Array<ArrayList<T>> { return Array(V){ArrayList<T>()} }
val errPrintln: (Any) -> Unit = { msg -> System.err.println(msg) }
fun rAssert(exp: Boolean, lazyMsg: () -> String = {""}) {
    if (!exp) { val msg = lazyMsg(); errPrintln("EAssert Error: $msg"); throw Error(msg) }
}
fun tAssert(exp: Boolean, lazyMsg: () -> String = {""}) {
    if (!exp) { val msg = lazyMsg(); errPrintln("TAssert Error: $msg"); Thread.sleep(3000) }
}
class SolveThread : Runnable {
    override fun run() { solve() }
}
class Reader {
    private val br = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(System.`in`))
    val readString: () -> String = { br.readLine() }
    val readInt: () -> Int = { br.readLine().toInt() }
    val readLong: () -> Long = { br.readLine().toLong() }
    val readIntArray: () -> IntArray = { br.readLine().split(' ').map { it.toInt() }.toIntArray() }
    val readLongArray: () -> LongArray = { br.readLine().split(' ').map { it.toLong() }.toLongArray() }
    val readListInt: () -> List<Int> = { br.readLine().split(' ').map { it.toInt() } }
    val readListLong: () -> List<Long> = { br.readLine().split(' ').map { it.toLong() } }
}