Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

In some other world, today is Christmas.

Mr. Takaha decides to make a multi-dimensional burger in his party. A level-L burger (L is an integer greater than or equal to 0) is the following thing:

A level-0 burger is a patty.

A level-L burger (L \geq 1) is a bun, a level-(L-1) burger, a patty, another level-(L-1) burger and another bun, stacked vertically in this order from the bottom.

For example, a level-1 burger and a level-2 burger look like BPPPB and BBPPPBPBPPPBB (rotated 90 degrees), where B and P stands for a bun and a patty.

The burger Mr. Takaha will make is a level-N burger. Lunlun the Dachshund will eat X layers from the bottom of this burger (a layer is a patty or a bun). How many patties will she eat?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 50

1 \leq X \leq ( the total number of layers in a level-N burger )

N and X are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N X

Output

Print the number of patties in the bottom-most X layers from the bottom of a level-N burger.

Sample Input 1

2 7

Sample Output 1

4

There are 4 patties in the bottom-most 7 layers of a level-2 burger (BBPPPBPBPPPBB).

Sample Input 2

1 1

Sample Output 2

0

The bottom-most layer of a level-1 burger is a bun.

Sample Input 3

50 4321098765432109

Sample Output 3

2160549382716056

A level-50 burger is rather thick, to the extent that the number of its layers does not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Solution in JavaScript (node.js v5.12) (judge verdict: Accepted)

var toInt = x=>parseInt(x,10);
var toIntArr = arr=>arr.map(x=>toInt(x));
var abs = x=>x>0?x:-x;
function min(){var rest = arguments,val=rest[0];for(var i=1;i<rest.length;i++)if(rest[i]<val)val = rest[i];return val}
function max(){var rest = arguments,val=rest[0];for(var i=1;i<rest.length;i++)if(rest[i]>val)val = rest[i];return val}
Main(require("fs").readFileSync("/dev/stdin", "utf8"));
 
function Main(input){
	var input = input.split('\n');
	input = input.map(e => toIntArr(e.split(' ')));
	var n = input[0][0];
	var x = input[0][1];
	var ans = 0;
	var ls = [1];
	var ps = [1];
	for(var i = 1; i < 51; i++){
		ls[i] = 2*ls[i-1] + 3;
		ps[i] = 2*ps[i-1] + 1;
	}

	function eatP(n,k){
		if(n < 0) return 0;
		if(k >= ls[n]) return ps[n];
		if(k <= 0) return 0;
		var l = ls[n-1];

		return eatP(n-1,k-1) + eatP(0,k-l-1) + eatP(n-1,k-l-2);

	}

	ans = eatP(n,x);
	
	console.log(ans);
}