Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You have a string A = A_1 A_2 ... A_n consisting of lowercase English letters.

You can choose any two indices i and j such that 1 \leq i \leq j \leq n and reverse substring A_i A_{i+1} ... A_j.

You can perform this operation at most once.

How many different strings can you obtain?

Constraints

1 \leq |A| \leq 200,000

A consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A

Output

Print the number of different strings you can obtain by reversing any substring in A at most once.

Sample Input 1

aatt

Sample Output 1

5

You can obtain aatt (don't do anything), atat (reverse A[2..3]), atta (reverse A[2..4]), ttaa (reverse A[1..4]) and taat (reverse A[1..3]).

Sample Input 2

xxxxxxxxxx

Sample Output 2

1

Whatever substring you reverse, you'll always get xxxxxxxxxx.

Sample Input 3

abracadabra

Sample Output 3

44

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.*;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FastScanner in = new FastScanner();
        String s = in.nextLine();
        long[] num = new long[26];
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            num[s.charAt(i) - 97]++;
        }
        long l = s.length();
        long result = l * (l - 1) / 2 + 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
            result -= num[i] * (num[i] - 1) / 2;
        }
        System.out.println(result);
    }

    public static class FastScanner {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        public FastScanner(String s) {
            try {
                br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(s));
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public FastScanner() {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }

        String nextToken() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        String nextLine() {
            st = null;
            try {
                return br.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return null;
        }

        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(nextToken());
        }

        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(nextToken());
        }

        double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(nextToken());
        }
    }
}