Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N.
For each i (1 \leq i \leq N - 1), the i-th edge connects Vertex x_i and y_i.

Taro has decided to paint each vertex in white or black.
Here, it is not allowed to paint two adjacent vertices both in black.

Find the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq x_i, y_i \leq N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_{N - 1} y_{N - 1}

Output

Print the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

5

There are five ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 2

4
1 2
1 3
1 4

Sample Output 2

9

There are nine ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

2

Sample Input 4

10
8 5
10 8
6 5
1 5
4 8
2 10
3 6
9 2
1 7

Sample Output 4

157

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)


import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner in = new Scanner(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));
		int n = in.nextInt();
		Map<Integer, List<Integer>> edges = getEdges(in, n - 1, false);
		long r = solve(n, edges);
		System.out.println(r);
		in.close();
	}

	private static long solve(int n, Map<Integer, List<Integer>> edges) {
		long[][] dp = new long[n + 1][2];
		dfs(edges, dp, 0, 1);
		return add(dp[1][0], dp[1][1]);
	}

	private static void dfs(Map<Integer, List<Integer>> edges, long[][] dp, int par, int cur) {
		List<Integer> children = edges.get(cur);
		if (children == null) {
			dp[cur][0] = 1;
			dp[cur][1] = 1;
		} else {
			for (int i : children) {
				if (i != par) {
					dfs(edges, dp, cur, i);
				}
			}
			dp[cur][0] = 1;
			dp[cur][1] = 1;
			for (int i : children) {
				if (i != par) {
					dp[cur][0] = mul(dp[cur][0], add(dp[i][0], dp[i][1]));
					dp[cur][1] = mul(dp[cur][1], dp[i][0]);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	static long mod = 1000000007;

	static long add(long a, long b) {
		long r = a + b;
		if (r < 0) {
			r += mod;
		}
		return r % mod;
	}

	static long mul(long a, long b) {
		return (a * b) % mod;
	}

	static String str(int[] a) {
		String[] str = new String[a.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			str[i] = a[i] + "";
		}
		return String.join(" ", str);
	}

	static int[] getIntArr(Scanner in, int size) {
		int[] arr = new int[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
			arr[i] = in.nextInt();
		}
		return arr;
	}

	static int[][] getIntArr(Scanner in, int row, int col) {
		int[][] arr = new int[row][];
		for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
			arr[i] = getIntArr(in, col);
		}
		return arr;
	}

	static char[] getCharArr(Scanner in, int size) {
		char[] arr = in.next().toCharArray();
		return arr;
	}

	static String[] getStringArr(Scanner in, int size) {
		String[] arr = new String[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
			arr[i] = in.next();
		}
		return arr;
	}

	static Map<Integer, List<Integer>> getEdges(Scanner in, int size, boolean directed) {
		Map<Integer, List<Integer>> edges = new HashMap<>();
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
			int from = in.nextInt();
			int to = in.nextInt();
			if (!edges.containsKey(from)) {
				edges.put(from, new ArrayList<Integer>());
			}
			edges.get(from).add(to);
			if (!directed) {
				if (!edges.containsKey(to)) {
					edges.put(to, new ArrayList<Integer>());
				}
				edges.get(to).add(from);
			}

		}
		return edges;
	}
}