Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cubes stacked vertically on a desk.

You are given a string S of length N. The color of the i-th cube from the bottom is red if the i-th character in S is 0, and blue if that character is 1.

You can perform the following operation any number of times: choose a red cube and a blue cube that are adjacent, and remove them. Here, the cubes that were stacked on the removed cubes will fall down onto the object below them.

At most how many cubes can be removed?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

|S| = N

Each character in S is 0 or 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the maximum number of cubes that can be removed.

Sample Input 1

0011

Sample Output 1

4

All four cubes can be removed, by performing the operation as follows:

Remove the second and third cubes from the bottom. Then, the fourth cube drops onto the first cube.

Remove the first and second cubes from the bottom.

Sample Input 2

11011010001011

Sample Output 2

12

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

/*Author: Satyajeet Singh, Delhi Technological University*/
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*; 
import java.lang.*;

public class Main {
/*********************************************Constants******************************************/
    static PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));        
    static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    static long mod=(long)1e9+7;
    static long mod1=998244353;
    static boolean sieve[];
    static ArrayList<Integer> primes;
    static ArrayList<Long> factorial;
    static HashSet<Integer> graph[];
/****************************************Solutions Begins*****************************************/
    public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception {
        String st[]=br.readLine().split("");
        int n=st.length;
        int input[]=new int[n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            input[i]=Integer.parseInt(st[i]);
        }
        Stack<Integer> stk=new Stack<>();
        int ans=0;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            int op=input[i]^1;
            if(!stk.empty()&&stk.peek()==op){
                ans+=2;
                stk.pop();
            }
            else{
                stk.push(input[i]);
            }
        }        
        out.println(ans);
/****************************************Solutions Ends**************************************************/
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }
/****************************************Template Begins************************************************/
/***************************************Precision Printing**********************************************/
    static void printPrecision(double d){
        DecimalFormat ft = new DecimalFormat("0.00000000000000000"); 
        out.println(ft.format(d));
    }
/******************************************Graph*********************************************************/
 /*   static void Makegraph(int n){
        graph=new HashSet[n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            graph[i]=new HashSet<>();
        }
    }*/
    static void addEdge(int a,int b){
        graph[a].add(b);
    }    

/*********************************************PAIR********************************************************/
    static class PairComp implements Comparator<Pair>{
        public int compare(Pair p1,Pair p2){
            if(p1.u>p2.u){
                return 1;
            }
            else if(p1.u<p2.u){
                return -1;
            }
            else{
                return p1.v-p2.v;
            }
        }
    }
    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
        int u;
        int v;
        int index=-1;
        public Pair(int u, int v) {
            this.u = u;
            this.v = v;
        }
 
        public int hashCode() {
            int hu = (int) (u ^ (u >>> 32));
            int hv = (int) (v ^ (v >>> 32));
            return 31 * hu + hv;
        }
 
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            Pair other = (Pair) o;
            return u == other.u && v == other.v;
        }
 
        public int compareTo(Pair other) {
            if(index!=other.index)
                return Long.compare(index, other.index);
            return Long.compare(v, other.v)!=0?Long.compare(v, other.v):Long.compare(u, other.u);
        }
 
        public String toString() {
            return "[u=" + u + ", v=" + v + "]";
        }
    }

    static class PairCompL implements Comparator<Pairl>{
        public int compare(Pairl p1,Pairl p2){
            if(p1.u>p2.u){
                return 1;
            }
            else if(p1.u<p2.u){
                return -1;
            }
            else{
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    static class Pairl implements Comparable<Pair> {
            long u;
            long v;
            int index=-1;
            public Pairl(long u, long v) {
                this.u = u;
                this.v = v;
            }
    
            public int hashCode() {
                int hu = (int) (u ^ (u >>> 32));
                int hv = (int) (v ^ (v >>> 32));
                return 31 * hu + hv;
            }
    
            public boolean equals(Object o) {
                Pair other = (Pair) o;
                return u == other.u && v == other.v;
            }
    
            public int compareTo(Pair other) {
                if(index!=other.index)
                    return Long.compare(index, other.index);
                return Long.compare(v, other.v)!=0?Long.compare(v, other.v):Long.compare(u, other.u);
            }
    
            public String toString() {
                return "[u=" + u + ", v=" + v + "]";
            }
        }
/*****************************************DEBUG***********************************************************/
    public static void debug(Object... o) {
        System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
    }
/************************************MODULAR EXPONENTIATION***********************************************/
    static long modulo(long a,long b,long c) {
        long x=1;
        long y=a;
        while(b > 0){
            if(b%2 == 1){
                x=(x*y)%c;
            }
            y = (y*y)%c; // squaring the base
            b /= 2;
        }
        return  x%c;
    }
/********************************************GCD**********************************************************/
    static long gcd(long x, long y)
    {
        if(x==0)
            return y;
        if(y==0)
            return x;
        long r=0, a, b;
        a = (x > y) ? x : y; // a is greater number
        b = (x < y) ? x : y; // b is smaller number
        r = b;
        while(a % b != 0)
        {
            r = a % b;
            a = b;
            b = r;
        }
        return r;
    }
/******************************************SIEVE**********************************************************/
    static void sieveMake(int n){
        sieve=new boolean[n];
        Arrays.fill(sieve,true);
        sieve[0]=false;
        sieve[1]=false;
        for(int i=2;i*i<n;i++){
            if(sieve[i]){
                for(int j=i*i;j<n;j+=i){
                    sieve[j]=false;
                }
            }
        }
        primes=new ArrayList<Integer>();
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(sieve[i]){
                primes.add(i);
            }
        }        
    }
/********************************************End***********************************************************/
}