Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		int n = getInt(sc);
		int[] p = getIntArray(sc);

		int count = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n - 2; i++) {
			if ((p[i] < p[i + 1] && p[i + 1] < p[i + 2]) || (p[i] > p[i + 1] && p[i + 1] > p[i + 2])) {
				count++;
			}
		}
		System.out.println(count);
	}

	/**
	 * *汎用メソッド <br>
	 * スキャナーからの入力値をlongで返却
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public static long getLong(Scanner sc) {

		return Long.parseLong(sc.next());
	}

	/**
	 * *汎用メソッド <br>
	 * スキャナーからの入力値をintで返却
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public static int getInt(Scanner sc) {

		return Integer.parseInt(sc.next());
	}

	/**
	 * *汎用メソッド <br>
	 * スキャナーからの入力値をStringで返却
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getString(Scanner sc) {

		return sc.next();
	}

	/**
	 * *汎用メソッド <br>
	 * スキャナーからの入力値をint配列で返却
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public static int[] getIntArray(Scanner sc) {
		String line = "";
		// 直前にnext()を実行していると改行コードだけ取ってしまうのでその対策
		while (line.equals("")) {
			line = sc.nextLine();
		}

		String[] strArray = line.split(" ");
		int[] intArray = new int[strArray.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < strArray.length; i++) {
			intArray[i] = Integer.parseInt(strArray[i]);
		}
		return intArray;
	}
}