Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

Constraints

1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000

(a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Sample Input 1

3
2 1 3

Sample Output 1

9

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 2 4

Sample Output 2

19

Sample Input 3

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3

Sample Output 3

85

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

// package atcoder.agc.agc005;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

        int n = in.nextInt();
        int[][] po = new int[n][2];
        for (int i = 0; i < n ; i++) {
            po[i][0] = i;
            po[i][1] = in.nextInt();
        }
        Arrays.sort(po, (a, b) -> b[1] - a[1]);

        long ans = 0;
        int[] L = new int[n];
        int[] R = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n ; i++) {
            L[i] = R[i] = i;
        }

        UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(n);
        boolean[] filled = new boolean[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n ; i++) {
            long N = po[i][1];
            int x = po[i][0];
            filled[x] = true;

            boolean exLeft = (x >= 1 && filled[x-1]);
            boolean exRight = (x+1 < n && filled[x+1]);
            int toL = exLeft ? L[uf.find(x-1)] : x;
            int toR = exRight ? R[uf.find(x+1)] : x;
            if (exLeft) {
                uf.unite(x, x-1);
            }
            if (exRight) {
                uf.unite(x, x+1);
            }
            int idx = uf.find(x);
            L[idx] = toL;
            R[idx] = toR;

            long lc = x - toL + 1;
            long rc = toR - x + 1;
            ans += N * lc * rc;
        }

        out.println(ans);
        out.flush();
    }

    static class UnionFind {
        int[] rank;
        int[] parent;
        int[] cnt;

        public UnionFind(int n) {
            rank = new int[n];
            parent = new int[n];
            cnt = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n ; i++) {
                parent[i] = i;
                cnt[i] = 1;
            }
        }

        public int find(int a) {
            if (parent[a] == a) {
                return a;
            }
            parent[a] = find(parent[a]);
            return parent[a];
        }

        public void unite(int a, int b) {
            a = find(a);
            b = find(b);
            if (a == b) {
                return;
            }
            if (rank[a] < rank[b]) {
                parent[a] = b;
                cnt[b] += cnt[a];
                cnt[a] = cnt[b];
            } else {
                parent[b] = a;
                cnt[a] += cnt[b];
                cnt[b] = cnt[a];
                if (rank[a] == rank[b]) {
                    rank[a]++;
                }
            }
        }

        public int groupCount(int a) {
            return cnt[find(a)];
        }

        private boolean issame(int a, int b) {
            return find(a) == find(b);
        }
    }



    static class InputReader {
        private InputStream stream;
        private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        private int curChar;
        private int numChars;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            this.stream = stream;
        }

        private int[] nextInts(int n) {
            int[] ret = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                ret[i] = nextInt();
            }
            return ret;
        }


        private int[][] nextIntTable(int n, int m) {
            int[][] ret = new int[n][m];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    ret[i][j] = nextInt();
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }

        private long[] nextLongs(int n) {
            long[] ret = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                ret[i] = nextLong();
            }
            return ret;
        }

        private long[][] nextLongTable(int n, int m) {
            long[][] ret = new long[n][m];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    ret[i][j] = nextLong();
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }

        private double[] nextDoubles(int n) {
            double[] ret = new double[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                ret[i] = nextDouble();
            }
            return ret;
        }

        private int next() {
            if (numChars == -1)
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            if (curChar >= numChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    numChars = stream.read(buf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                if (numChars <= 0)
                    return -1;
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }

        public char nextChar() {
            int c = next();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = next();
            if ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') {
                return (char) c;
            }
            if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
                return (char) c;
            }
            throw new InputMismatchException();
        }

        public String nextToken() {
            int c = next();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = next();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.append((char) c);
                c = next();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res.toString();
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            int c = next();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = next();
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = next();
            }
            int res = 0;
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c-'0';
                c = next();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res*sgn;
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            int c = next();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = next();
            long sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = next();
            }
            long res = 0;
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c-'0';
                c = next();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res*sgn;
        }

        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.valueOf(nextToken());
        }

        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }

        public interface SpaceCharFilter {
            public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
        }
    }

    static void debug(Object... o) {
        System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
    }
}