Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cities numbered 1 through N, and M bidirectional roads numbered 1 through M.
Road i connects City A_i and City B_i.

Snuke can perform the following operation zero or more times:

Choose two distinct cities that are not directly connected by a road, and build a new road between the two cities.

After he finishes the operations, it must be possible to travel from any city to any other cities by following roads (possibly multiple times).

What is the minimum number of roads he must build to achieve the goal?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 100,000

1 \leq M \leq 100,000

1 \leq A_i < B_i \leq N

No two roads connect the same pair of cities.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
A_1 B_1
:
A_M B_M

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3 1
1 2

Sample Output 1

1

Initially, there are three cities, and there is a road between City 1 and City 2.

Snuke can achieve the goal by building one new road, for example, between City 1 and City 3.
After that,

We can travel between 1 and 2 directly.

We can travel between 1 and 3 directly.

We can travel between 2 and 3 by following both roads (2 - 1 - 3).

Solution in Java (OpenJDK 11.0.6) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class Main {
    public void exec() {
        int n = stdin.nextInt();
        int m = stdin.nextInt();
        UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            int a = stdin.nextInt() - 1;
            int b = stdin.nextInt() - 1;
            uf.union(a, b);
        }

        long ans = IntStream.range(0, n).map(uf::find).distinct().count();
        stdout.println(ans-1);
    }

    public class UnionFind {
        private int[] parent;
        private int[] size;

        public UnionFind(int n) {
            this.parent = IntStream.range(0, n).toArray();
            this.size = new int[n];
            Arrays.fill(this.size, 1);
        }

        public int find(int x) {
            if (parent[x] == x) {
                return x;
            }
            parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
            return parent[x];
        }

        public boolean same(int x, int y) {
            return find(x) == find(y);
        }

        public void union(int x, int y) {
            x = find(x);
            y = find(y);
            if (x == y) {
                return ;
            }

            if (size[x] < size[y]) {
                parent[x] = y;
                size[y] += size[x];
            } else {
                parent[y] = x;
                size[x] += size[y];
            }

        }

        public int size(int x) {
            return size[find(x)];
        }
    }


    private static final Stdin stdin = new Stdin();
    private static final Stdout stdout = new Stdout();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            new Main().exec();
        } finally {
            stdout.flush();
        }
    }

    public static class Stdin {
        private BufferedReader stdin;
        private Deque<String> tokens;
        private Pattern delim;

        public Stdin() {
            stdin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            tokens = new ArrayDeque<>();
            delim = Pattern.compile(" ");
        }

        public String nextString() {
            try {
                if (tokens.isEmpty()) {
                    String line = stdin.readLine();
                    if (line == null) {
                        throw new UncheckedIOException(new EOFException());
                    }
                    delim.splitAsStream(line).forEach(tokens::addLast);
                }
                return tokens.pollFirst();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
            }
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(nextString());
        }

        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(nextString());
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(nextString());
        }

        public String[] nextStringArray(int n) {
            String[] a = new String[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextString();
            return a;
        }

        public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
            int[] a = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextInt();
            return a;
        }

        public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) {
            double[] a = new double[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextDouble();
            return a;
        }

        public long[] nextLongArray(int n) {
            long[] a = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextLong();
            return a;
        }
    }

    public static class Stdout {
        private PrintWriter stdout;

        public Stdout() {
            stdout =  new PrintWriter(System.out, false);
        }

        public void printf(String format, Object ... args) {
            String line = String.format(format, args);
            if (line.endsWith(System.lineSeparator())) {
                stdout.print(line);
            } else {
                stdout.println(line);
            }
        }

        public void println(Object ... objs) {
            String line = Arrays.stream(objs).map(Objects::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
            stdout.println(line);
        }

        public void printDebug(Object ... objs) {
            String line = Arrays.stream(objs).map(this::deepToString).collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
            stdout.printf("DEBUG: %s%n", line);
            stdout.flush();
        }

        private String deepToString(Object o) {
            if (o == null) {
                return "null";
            }

            // 配列の場合
            if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
                int len = Array.getLength(o);
                String[] tokens = new String[len];
                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                    tokens[i] = deepToString(Array.get(o, i));
                }
                return "{" + String.join(",", tokens) + "}";
            }

            return Objects.toString(o);
        }

        private void flush() {
            stdout.flush();
        }
    }
}