Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N.
For each i (1 \leq i \leq N - 1), the i-th edge connects Vertex x_i and y_i.

Taro has decided to paint each vertex in white or black.
Here, it is not allowed to paint two adjacent vertices both in black.

Find the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq x_i, y_i \leq N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_{N - 1} y_{N - 1}

Output

Print the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

5

There are five ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 2

4
1 2
1 3
1 4

Sample Output 2

9

There are nine ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

2

Sample Input 4

10
8 5
10 8
6 5
1 5
4 8
2 10
3 6
9 2
1 7

Sample Output 4

157

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)


public class Main {


  private static void solve() {
    int n = ni();
    int[] from = new int[n - 1];
    int[] to = new int[n - 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i ++) {
      from[i] = ni() - 1;
      to[i] = ni() - 1;
      
    }
    int[][] g = packU(n, from, to);
    long[][] dp = new long[n][2];
    int mod = 1000000000 + 7;
    dfs(0, -1, g, dp);
    System.out.println((dp[0][1] + dp[0][0]) % mod);
  }
  
  //0:black 1:white
  private static void dfs(int i, int j, int[][] g, long[][] dp) {

    int mod = 1000000000 + 7;
    long b = 1;
    long w = 1;
    for (int to : g[i]) {
      if (to == j) continue;
      dfs(to, i, g, dp);
      b *= dp[to][1];
      w *= (dp[to][1] + dp[to][0]);
      b %= mod;
      w %= mod;
    }
    
    dp[i][0] = b;
    dp[i][1] = w;
  }


  public static int[][] packU(int n, int[] from, int[] to){ return packU(n, from, to, from.length); }
  public static int[][] packU(int n, int[] from, int[] to, int sup)
  {
      int[][] g = new int[n][];
      int[] p = new int[n];
      for(int i = 0;i < sup;i++)p[from[i]]++;
      for(int i = 0;i < sup;i++)p[to[i]]++;
      for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)g[i] = new int[p[i]];
      for(int i = 0;i < sup;i++){
          g[from[i]][--p[from[i]]] = to[i];
          g[to[i]][--p[to[i]]] = from[i];
      }
      return g;
  }


  public static void main(String[] args) {
    new Thread(null, new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String debug = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : null;
        if (debug != null) {
          try {
            is = java.nio.file.Files.newInputStream(java.nio.file.Paths.get(debug));
          } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
          }
        }
        reader = new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(is), 32768);
        solve();
        out.flush();
        tr((System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + "ms");
      }
    }, "", 64000000).start();
  }

  private static java.io.InputStream is = System.in;
  private static java.io.PrintWriter out = new java.io.PrintWriter(System.out);
  private static java.util.StringTokenizer tokenizer = null;
  private static java.io.BufferedReader reader;

  public static String next() {
    while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
      try {
        tokenizer = new java.util.StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
    }
    return tokenizer.nextToken();
  }

  private static double nd() {
    return Double.parseDouble(next());
  }

  private static long nl() {
    return Long.parseLong(next());
  }

  private static int[] na(int n) {
    int[] a = new int[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      a[i] = ni();
    return a;
  }

  private static char[] ns() {
    return next().toCharArray();
  }

  private static long[] nal(int n) {
    long[] a = new long[n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      a[i] = nl();
    return a;
  }

  private static int[][] ntable(int n, int m) {
    int[][] table = new int[n][m];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
        table[i][j] = ni();
      }
    }
    return table;
  }

  private static int[][] nlist(int n, int m) {
    int[][] table = new int[m][n];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
        table[j][i] = ni();
      }
    }
    return table;
  }

  private static int ni() {
    return Integer.parseInt(next());
  }

  private static void tr(Object... o) {
    if (is != System.in)
      System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.deepToString(o));
  }
}