Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N towns in a coordinate plane. Town i is located at coordinates (x_i, y_i). The distance between Town i and Town j is \sqrt{\left(x_i-x_j\right)^2+\left(y_i-y_j\right)^2}.

There are N! possible paths to visit all of these towns once. Let the length of a path be the distance covered when we start at the first town in the path, visit the second, third, \dots, towns, and arrive at the last town (assume that we travel in a straight line from a town to another). Compute the average length of these N! paths.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 8

-1000 \leq x_i \leq 1000

-1000 \leq y_i \leq 1000

\left(x_i, y_i\right) \neq \left(x_j, y_j\right) (if i \neq j)

(Added 21:12 JST) All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
:
x_N y_N

Output

Print the average length of the paths.
Your output will be judges as correct when the absolute difference from the judge's output is at most 10^{-6}.

Sample Input 1

3
0 0
1 0
0 1

Sample Output 1

2.2761423749

There are six paths to visit the towns: 1 → 2 → 3, 1 → 3 → 2, 2 → 1 → 3, 2 → 3 → 1, 3 → 1 → 2, and 3 → 2 → 1.

The length of the path 1 → 2 → 3 is \sqrt{\left(0-1\right)^2+\left(0-0\right)^2} + \sqrt{\left(1-0\right)^2+\left(0-1\right)^2} = 1+\sqrt{2}.

By calculating the lengths of the other paths in this way, we see that the average length of all routes is:

\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{6} = 2.276142...

Sample Input 2

2
-879 981
-866 890

Sample Output 2

91.9238815543

There are two paths to visit the towns: 1 → 2 and 2 → 1. These paths have the same length.

Sample Input 3

8
-406 10
512 859
494 362
-955 -475
128 553
-986 -885
763 77
449 310

Sample Output 3

7641.9817824387

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.rmi.dgc.Lease;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import static java.util.Comparator.*;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Main main = new Main();
		main.solve();
		main.out.close();
	}

	// ======================================================================
	public void solve() {
		int N = ni();
		int[] X = new int[N];
		int[] Y = new int[N];
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			X[i] = ni();
			Y[i] = ni();
		}
		int[] ord = new int[N];
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			ord[i] = i;
		}
		double ans = 0;
		int cnt = 0;
		do {
			for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
				ans += Math.sqrt((X[ord[i]] - X[ord[i-1]]) * (X[ord[i]] - X[ord[i-1]])
									+ (Y[ord[i]] - Y[ord[i-1]]) * (Y[ord[i]] - Y[ord[i-1]]));
			}
			cnt++;
		} while (next_permutation(ord));
		ans /= cnt;
		out.println(String.format("%.9f", ans));
	}
	// 与えられた配列の中身を辞書順に、次の順列をセットする（次がなければ　false を返す）
	public boolean next_permutation(int[] a) {
		for (int i = a.length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
			if (a[i] < a[i + 1]) {
				for (int j = a.length - 1;; j--) {
					if (a[i] < a[j]) {
						int temp = a[i];
						a[i] = a[j];
						a[j] = temp;
						for (i++, j = a.length - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
							temp = a[i];
							a[i] = a[j];
							a[j] = temp;
						}
						return true;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	// ------------------------------------------
	// ライブラリ
	// ------------------------------------------
	// Print
	private PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

	// Scanner
	private FastScanner scan = new FastScanner();

	int ni() {
		return scan.nextInt();
	}

	int[] ni(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			a[i] = ni();
		}
		return a;
	}

	int[][] ni(int y, int x) {
		int[][] a = new int[y][x];
		for (int i = 0; i < y; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < x; j++) {
				a[i][j] = ni();
			}
		}
		return a;
	}

	long nl() {
		return scan.nextLong();
	}

	long[] nl(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			a[i] = nl();
		}
		return a;
	}

	long[][] nl(int y, int x) {
		long[][] a = new long[y][x];
		for (int i = 0; i < y; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < x; j++) {
				a[i][j] = nl();
			}
		}
		return a;
	}

	String ns() {
		return scan.next();
	}

	String[] ns(int n) {
		String[] a = new String[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			a[i] = ns();
		}
		return a;
	}

	String[][] ns(int y, int x) {
		String[][] a = new String[y][x];
		for (int i = 0; i < y; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < x; j++) {
				a[i][j] = ns();
			}
		}
		return a;
	}
}

class FastScanner {
	private final InputStream in = System.in;
	private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
	private int ptr = 0;
	private int buflen = 0;

	private boolean hasNextByte() {
		if (ptr < buflen) {
			return true;
		} else {
			ptr = 0;
			try {
				buflen = in.read(buffer);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			if (buflen <= 0) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	private int readByte() {
		if (hasNextByte())
			return buffer[ptr++];
		else
			return -1;
	}

	private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) {
		return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
	}

	public boolean hasNext() {
		while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr]))
			ptr++;
		return hasNextByte();
	}

	public String next() {
		if (!hasNext())
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int b = readByte();
		while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	public long nextLong() {
		if (!hasNext())
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		long n = 0;
		boolean minus = false;
		int b = readByte();
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		}
		while (true) {
			if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
				n *= 10;
				n += b - '0';
			} else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
				return minus ? -n : n;
			} else {
				throw new NumberFormatException();
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	public int nextInt() {
		long nl = nextLong();
		if (nl < Integer.MIN_VALUE || nl > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		return (int) nl;
	}

	public double nextDouble() {
		return Double.parseDouble(next());
	}
}