Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Given is an integer N. Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits (in base ten without leading zeros).

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits.

Sample Input 1

11

Sample Output 1

9

Among the positive integers less than or equal to 11, nine integers have an odd number of digits: 1, 2, \ldots, 9.

Sample Input 2

136

Sample Output 2

46

In addition to 1, 2, \ldots, 9, another 37 integers also have an odd number of digits: 100, 101, \ldots, 136.

Sample Input 3

100000

Sample Output 3

90909

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.*; 
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.Point;
 
public class Main {
	//static final long MOD = 998244353;
	static final long MOD = 1000000007;
	static final int INF = 1000000007;
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FastScanner sc = new FastScanner();
		int N = sc.ni();
		//1-9: 9
		//100-999: 900
		//10000-99999: 90000
		if (N == 100000) {
			System.out.println(90909);
		} else if (N >= 10000) {
			System.out.println(909 + (N-9999));
		} else if (N >= 1000) {
			System.out.println(909);
		} else if (N >= 100) {
			System.out.println(9 + (N-99));
		} else if (N >= 10) {
			System.out.println(9);
		} else {
			System.out.println(N);
		}
	}
	
	static class DisjointSetUnion {
		  public int[] parent;
		  public int[] rank;
		  public int count;

		  public DisjointSetUnion(int nodes) {
			  count = nodes;
			  parent = new int[nodes];
			  rank = new int[nodes];
			  for (int i = 0; i < nodes; i++) {
				  parent[i] = i;
				  rank[i] = 0;
			  }
		  }
		  //"find"
		  public int root(int p) {
			  if (parent[p] != p)
				  parent[p] = root(parent[p]);
			  return parent[p];
		  }

		  //"union"
		  public void connect(int p, int q) {
			  int rootP = root(p);
			  int rootQ = root(q);
			  if (rootP == rootQ) return;
			  if (rank[rootP] < rank[rootQ]) {
				  parent[rootP] = rootQ;
			  } else if (rank[rootP] > rank[rootQ]) {
				  parent[rootQ] = rootP;
			  } else {
				  parent[rootP] = rootQ;
				  rank[rootQ] += 1;
			  }
			  count--;
		  }

		  public boolean connected(int p, int q) {
		    return root(p) == root(q);
		  }
	}
    
    public static long power(long x, long y, long p) { 
        // Initialize result
        long res = 1;
         
        // Update x if it is more   
        // than or equal to p 
        x = x % p;  
      
        while (y > 0) 
        { 
            // If y is odd, multiply x 
            // with result 
            if((y & 1)==1) 
                res = (res * x) % p; 
      
            // y must be even now 
            // y = y / 2 
            y = y >> 1;  
            x = (x * x) % p;  
        } 
        return res; 
    }
    
    public static long dist(int[] point, int[] point2) {
    	return (long)(Math.pow((point2[1]-point[1]),2)+Math.pow((point2[0]-point[0]),2));
    }
    
    public static long gcd(long a, long b) {
    	if (b == 0)
    		return a;
    	else
    		return gcd(b,a%b);
    }
    
    public static int[][] sort(int[][] array) {
    	//Sort an array (immune to quicksort TLE)
		Random rgen = new Random();
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
		    int randomPosition = rgen.nextInt(array.length);
		    int[] temp = array[i];
		    array[i] = array[randomPosition];
		    array[randomPosition] = temp;
		}
		Arrays.sort(array, new Comparator<int[]>() {
			  @Override
        	  public int compare(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
				  return arr1[0]-arr2[0]; //ascending order
	          }
		});
		return array;
	}
    
    public static long[][] sort(long[][] array) {
    	//Sort an array (immune to quicksort TLE)
		Random rgen = new Random();
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
		    int randomPosition = rgen.nextInt(array.length);
		    long[] temp = array[i];
		    array[i] = array[randomPosition];
		    array[randomPosition] = temp;
		}
		Arrays.sort(array, new Comparator<long[]>() {
			  @Override
        	  public int compare(long[] arr1, long[] arr2) {
				  if (arr1[0] < arr2[0])
					  return -1;
				  if (arr1[0] > arr2[0])
					  return 1;
				  return 0;
	          }
		});
		return array;
	}
    
    static class FastScanner { 
        BufferedReader br; 
        StringTokenizer st; 
  
        public FastScanner() { 
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); 
        } 
  
        String next() { 
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) { 
                try { 
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException  e) { 
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } 
            return st.nextToken(); 
        } 
  
        int ni() { 
            return Integer.parseInt(next()); 
        } 
  
        long nl() { 
            return Long.parseLong(next()); 
        } 
  
        double nd() { 
            return Double.parseDouble(next()); 
        } 
  
        String nextLine() { 
            String str = ""; 
            try { 
                str = br.readLine(); 
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
            return str; 
        }
    }
}