Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Given is an integer N. Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits (in base ten without leading zeros).

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits.

Sample Input 1

11

Sample Output 1

9

Among the positive integers less than or equal to 11, nine integers have an odd number of digits: 1, 2, \ldots, 9.

Sample Input 2

136

Sample Output 2

46

In addition to 1, 2, \ldots, 9, another 37 integers also have an odd number of digits: 100, 101, \ldots, 136.

Sample Input 3

100000

Sample Output 3

90909

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;
 
 
public class Main {

	static long MOD = 1_000_000_007;
	static int INF = 1_000_000_007;
	//二項係数関連ここから-----
	static boolean isPreprocessing = false;	//二項係数を計算するための前処理を行っているかどうかのフラグ
	static int MAX = 260;				//MAXまで階乗やそれらの逆元のテーブルを保持する。
	static long[] fac;	//fac[i] := i! % MOD
	static long[] inv;	//inv[i] := mod. MODにおける i の逆元
	static long[] finv;	//finv[i] := mod. MODにおける i! の逆元(invの累積"積")
	//二項係数関連おわり------
	
	static int[] roots;
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		//int N = Integer.parseInt(sc.next());
		//long L = Long.parseLong(sc.next());
		//char[] A = sc.next().toCharArray();
		
		int N = Integer.parseInt(sc.next());
		int ans = 0;
		
		for(int i=1; i<=N; i++){
			Integer I = new Integer(i);
			String str = I.toString();
			char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
			if(chars.length % 2 == 1)ans++;
		}
		
		
		System.out.println(ans);
		
	}
	
	static boolean same(int a, int b){
		if(root(a) == root(b)){
			return true;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	}
	
	static int root(int a){
		if(a == roots[a])return a;
		return roots[a] = root(roots[a]);
	}
	
	static void join(int a, int b){
		if(root(a) == root(b))return;
		roots[b] = root(a);
	}
	
	//２つのint配列を連結させる
	static int[] joinArray(int[] A, int[] B){
		int[] tmp = new int[A.length + B.length];
		System.arraycopy(A, 0, tmp, 0, A.length);
		System.arraycopy(B, 0, tmp, A.length, B.length);
		return tmp;
	}
	
	//２つのint配列が等しいかどうか判定する
	static boolean arrayEqual(int[] A, int[] B){
		if(A.length != B.length)return false;
		for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++){
			if(A[i] != B[i])return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
	
	//int配列をindex順に見て、要素の重複があった場合その要素と間の要素を削除する12123→23
	static int[] calc(int[] A){
		boolean[] tmp = new boolean[A.length];
		Arrays.fill(tmp, true);
		int fetch = 0;
		while(fetch<A.length-1){
			boolean isExist = false;
			for(int i=fetch+1; i<A.length;i++){
				if(A[fetch] == A[i]){
					for(int j=fetch;j<=i;j++){
						tmp[j]=false;
					}
					fetch = i+1;
					isExist = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if(!isExist)fetch++;
		}
		List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
		for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++){
			if(tmp[i])list.add(A[i]);
		}
		
		int[] foo = new int[list.size()];
		for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++){
			foo[i] = list.get(i);
		}
		/*
		for(boolean t : tmp)
			System.out.print(t+" ");
		*/
		return foo;
	}
	
	
	//aとbの最小公倍数を返す
	static long lcm (long a, long b) {
		long temp;
		long c = a;
		c *= b;
		while((temp = a%b)!=0) {
			a = b;
			b = temp;
		}
		return (c/b);
	}
	
	//二項係数用の前処理
	static void COMinit(){
		//二項係数演算用前処理
		fac = new long[MAX+1];
		fac[0] = 1L;
		fac[1] = 1L;
		inv = new long[MAX+1];
		inv[1] = 1L;
		finv = new long[MAX+1];
		finv[0] = 1L;
		finv[1] = 1L;
		for(int i=2;i<MAX;i++){
			fac[i] = fac[i-1] * i % MOD;
			inv[i] = MOD - inv[(int)(MOD%i)] * (MOD/i) % MOD;
			finv[i] = finv[i-1] * inv[i] % MOD;
		}
		isPreprocessing = true;
	}
	
	//二項係数i_C_jをMODで割った余りを返す
	static long COM(int i, int j){
		if(i<j)return 0;
		if(i<0 || j<0)return 0;
		if(!isPreprocessing)COMinit();
		return fac[i] * (finv[j] * finv[i-j] % MOD) % MOD;
	}
	
}