Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)



import java.io.*;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.math.BigInteger;

public class Main {

    static InputReader sc = new InputReader(System.in);
    static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        solver s = new solver();
        int t = 1;
        while (t > 0) {
            //out.println("case : "+t);
            s.sol();
            t--;
        }
        out.close();
    }
           /* static class descend implements Comparator<pair1> {
                public int compare(pair1 o1, pair1 o2) {
                    if (o1.pop != o2.pop)
                        return (int) (o1.pop - o2.pop);
                    else
                        return o1.in - o2.in;
                }
            }*/

    static class InputReader {
        public BufferedReader br;
        public StringTokenizer token;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768);
            token = null;
        }

        public String sn() {
            while (token == null || !token.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    token = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            return token.nextToken();
        }

        public int ni() {
            return Integer.parseInt(sn());
        }

        public String snl() throws IOException {
            return br.readLine();
        }

        public long nlo() {
            return Long.parseLong(sn());
        }

        public double nd() {
            return Double.parseDouble(sn());
        }

        public int[] na(int n) {
            int a[] = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                a[i] = sc.ni();
            return a;
        }

        public long[] nal(int n) {
            long a[] = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                a[i] = sc.nlo();
            return a;
        }
    }

    static class extra {

        static boolean v[] = new boolean[100001];
        static List<Integer> l = new ArrayList<>();
        static int t;

        static void shuffle(int a[]) {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
                int t = (int) Math.random() * a.length;
                int x = a[t];
                a[t] = a[i];
                a[i] = x;
            }
        }

        static void shufflel(long a[]) {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
                int t = (int) Math.random() * a.length;
                long x = a[t];
                a[t] = a[i];
                a[i] = x;
            }
        }

        static int gcd(int a, int b) {
            if (b == 0)
                return a;
            else
                return gcd(b, a % b);
        }

        static boolean valid(int i, int j, int r, int c) {
            if (i >= 0 && i < r && j >= 0 && j < c) {
                // System.out.println(i+" /// "+j);
                return true;
            } else {
                //  System.out.println(i+" //f "+j);
                return false;
            }
        }

        static void seive() {
            for (int i = 2; i < 101; i++) {
                if (!v[i]) {
                    t++;
                    l.add(i);
                    for (int j = 2 * i; j < 101; j += i)
                        v[j] = true;
                }
            }
        }

        static long fastexpo(long x, long y) {
            long res = 1;
            while (y > 0) {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) {
                    res *= x;
                }
                y = y >> 1;
                x = x * x;
            }
            return res;
        }

        static long lfastexpo(long x, long y, long p) {
            long res = 1;
            x = x % p;
            while (y > 0) {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) {
                    res = (res * x) % p;
                }
                y = y >> 1;
                x = (x * x) % p;
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    static int inf = 5000013;

    static class solver {
        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0.00000000");
        extra e = new extra();
        long mod = (long) (1000000007);

        void sol() throws IOException {
            int n = sc.ni();
            String s = sc.sn();
            char c[] = s.toCharArray();
            int q = sc.ni();
            int a[][] = new int[n][26];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                if (i == 0) {
                    a[i][c[i] - 'a'] += 1;
                } else {
                    for (int j = 0; j < 26; j++)
                        a[i][j] = a[i - 1][j];
                    a[i][c[i] - 'a'] += 1;
                }
            }
            //            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
//                System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a[i]));
//            }
            while (q-- > 0) {
                int t = sc.ni();
                if (t == 1) {
                    int id = sc.ni() - 1;
                    char ch = sc.sn().charAt(0);
                    if (c[id] != ch) {
                        for (int i = id; i < n; i++) {
                            a[i][ch - 'a'] += 1;
                            a[i][c[id] - 'a'] -= 1;
                        }
                        c[id] = ch;
                    }
                } else {
                    int l = sc.ni() - 1;
                    int r = sc.ni() - 1;
                    int cnt = 0;
//                    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
//                        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a[i]));
//                    }
//                    System.out.println();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                        int d = a[r][i] - ((l == 0) ? 0 : a[l - 1][i]);
                        if (d > 0)
                            cnt++;
                    }
                   out.println(cnt);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}