Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi's house has only one socket.

Takahashi wants to extend it with some number of power strips, each with A sockets, into B or more empty sockets.

One power strip with A sockets can extend one empty socket into A empty sockets.

Find the minimum number of power strips required.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq A \leq 20

1 \leq B \leq 20

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B

Output

Print the minimum number of power strips required.

Sample Input 1

4 10

Sample Output 1

3

3 power strips, each with 4 sockets, extend the socket into 10 empty sockets.

Sample Input 2

8 9

Sample Output 2

2

2 power strips, each with 8 sockets, extend the socket into 15 empty sockets.

Sample Input 3

8 8

Sample Output 3

1

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class Main {
    static void solve(MyScanner in, MyWriter out) {
        int A = in.nextInt();
        int B = in.nextInt();
        int ans = 0;
        for (int a = 1; a < B; a += A - 1) {
            ans++;
        }
        out.println(ans);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyWriter w = new MyWriter(System.out);
        solve(new MyScanner(System.in), w);
        w.flush();
    }

    static final class MyScanner {
        static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
        private final InputStream in;
        private final byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
        private int point;
        private int readLength;
        MyScanner(InputStream in) {
            this.in = in;
        }
        private int readByte() {
            if (point < readLength) {
                int result = buffer[point];
                point += 1;
                return result;
            }
            try {
                readLength = in.read(buffer);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new AssertionError(null, e);
            }
            if (readLength == -1) {
                return -1;
            }
            point = 1;
            return buffer[0];
        }
        private static boolean isPrintableCharExceptSpace(int c) {
            return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
        }
        String next() {
            int c = readByte();
            while (!(c == -1 || isPrintableCharExceptSpace(c))) {
                c = readByte();
            }
            if (c == -1) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                b.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = readByte();
            } while (c != -1 && isPrintableCharExceptSpace(c));
            return b.toString();
        }
        long nextLong() {
            int c = readByte();
            while (!(c == -1 || isPrintableCharExceptSpace(c))) {
                c = readByte();
            }
            if (c == -1) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            boolean minus = false;
            if (c == '-') {
                minus = true;
                c = readByte();
            }
            long result = 0L;
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                result = result * 10L + (c - '0');
                c = readByte();
            } while (c != -1 && isPrintableCharExceptSpace(c));
            return minus ? -result : result;
        }
        int nextInt() {
            long n = nextLong();
            if (n < Integer.MIN_VALUE || n > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            }
            return (int)n;
        }
        double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
        int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
            int[] result = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                result[i] = nextInt();
            }
            return result;
        }
        private static boolean allSameLength(int[] a, int[] b, int[]... c) {
            if (a.length != b.length) {
                return false;
            }
            for (int[] element : c) {
                if (a.length != element.length) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        private static boolean allSameLength(char[] a, char[] b, char[]... c) {
            if (a.length != b.length) {
                return false;
            }
            for (char[] element : c) {
                if (a.length != element.length) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        void nextVerticalIntArrays(int[] a, int[] b, int[]... c) {
            if (!allSameLength(a, b, c)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
                a[i] = nextInt();
                b[i] = nextInt();
                for (int[] d : c) {
                    d[i] = nextInt();
                }
            }
        }
        long[] nextLongArray(int n) {
            long[] result = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                result[i] = nextLong();
            }
            return result;
        }
        char nextChar() {
            int c = readByte();
            while (!(c == -1 || isPrintableCharExceptSpace(c))) {
                c = readByte();
            }
            if (c == -1) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            return (char)c;
        }
        char[] nextCharArray(int n) {
            char[] result = new char[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                result[i] = nextChar();
            }
            return result;
        }
        char[][] next2dCharArray(int n, int m) {
            char[][] result = new char[n][m];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    result[i][j] = nextChar();
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        void nextVerticalCharArrays(char[] a, char[] b, char[]... c) {
            if (!allSameLength(a, b, c)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
                a[i] = nextChar();
                b[i] = nextChar();
                for (char[] d : c) {
                    d[i] = nextChar();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    static final class MyWriter extends PrintWriter {
        MyWriter(OutputStream out) {
            super(out);
        }
        void joinAndPrintln(int[] x) {
            joinAndPrintln(x, " ");
        }
        void joinAndPrintln(int[] x, String delimiter) {
            StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
            if (x.length > 0) {
                b.append(x[0]);
                for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
                    b.append(delimiter).append(x[i]);
                }
            }
            println(b.toString());
        }
        void joinAndPrintln(long[] x) {
            joinAndPrintln(x, " ");
        }
        void joinAndPrintln(long[] x, String delimiter) {
            StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
            if (x.length > 0) {
                b.append(x[0]);
                for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
                    b.append(delimiter).append(x[i]);
                }
            }
            println(b.toString());
        }
        void joinAndPrintln(Iterable<?> iterable) {
            joinAndPrintln(iterable, " ");
        }
        void joinAndPrintln(Iterable<?> iterable, String delimiter) {
            StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
            for (Iterator<?> i = iterable.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                b.append(i.next());
                while (i.hasNext()) {
                    b.append(delimiter).append(i.next());
                }
            }
            println(b.toString());
        }
    }
}