Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

Given is an integer N. Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits (in base ten without leading zeros).

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the number of positive integers less than or equal to N that have an odd number of digits.

Sample Input 1

11

Sample Output 1

9

Among the positive integers less than or equal to 11, nine integers have an odd number of digits: 1, 2, \ldots, 9.

Sample Input 2

136

Sample Output 2

46

In addition to 1, 2, \ldots, 9, another 37 integers also have an odd number of digits: 100, 101, \ldots, 136.

Sample Input 3

100000

Sample Output 3

90909

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    private static final int MAX = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    private static final int MIN = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        InputReader.OutputWriter out = new InputReader.OutputWriter(outputStream);
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);


        int n = in.nextInt();
        // 100 - 999
        //100_000 - 99_999
        String s = Integer.toString(n);
        int l = s.length();
        HashMap<Integer,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(1,9);
        map.put(3,900);
        map.put(5,90_000);
        int ans = 0;
        l--;
        for (int i = 1; i <=l; i+=2) {
               ans+=map.get(i);
        }
        if(s.length()%2!=0) {
            ans += n - Math.pow(10, l) + 1;
        }


        out.println(ans);






        out.flush();
    }
    // first team which home form equals to current guest form
    private static int lowerBound(Point [] p, Point current) {
        int y = current.getY();
        int lo = 0;
        int hi = p.length - 1;
        while (lo<=hi) {
            int med = lo +(hi-lo)/2;
            if(y <= p[med].getX()) {
                hi = med - 1;
            }
            else {
                lo = med + 1;
            }
        }
        return lo;
    }

    private static int upperBound(Point [] p, Point current) {
        int y = current.getY();
        int lo = 0;
        int hi = p.length - 1;
        while (lo<=hi) {
            int med = lo +(hi-lo)/2;
            if(y >= p[med].getX()) {
                lo = med + 1;
            }
            else {
                hi = med - 1;
            }
        }
        return hi;
    }



    static int numberOfSubsequences(String a, String b) {
        int [] dp = new int[b.length()+1];
        dp[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length(); i++) {
            for (int j = b.length() - 1; j >=0;j--) {
                if(a.charAt(i) == b.charAt(j)) {
                    dp[j+1]+=dp[j];
                }
            }
        }
        return dp[dp.length - 1];
    }
    static long count(String a, String b)
    {
        int m = a.length();
        int n = b.length();

        // Create a table to store
        // results of sub-problems
        long lookup[][] = new long[m + 1][n + 1];

        // If first string is empty
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i)
            lookup[0][i] = 0;

        // If second string is empty
        for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i)
            lookup[i][0] = 1;

        // Fill lookup[][] in
        // bottom up manner
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            {
                // If last characters are
                // same, we have two options -
                // 1. consider last characters
                //    of both strings in solution
                // 2. ignore last character
                //    of first string
                if (a.charAt(i - 1) == b.charAt(j - 1))
                    lookup[i][j] = lookup[i - 1][j - 1] +
                            lookup[i - 1][j];

                else
                    // If last character are
                    // different, ignore last
                    // character of first string
                    lookup[i][j] = lookup[i - 1][j];
            }
        }

        return lookup[m][n];
    }
}
class Point {
    private int x;
    private int y;
    public int getX() {
        return x;
    }
    public int getY() {
        return y;
    }
    public Point(int x,int y) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Point point = (Point) o;
        return x == point.x &&
                y == point.y;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(x, y);
    }
}

class InputReader extends BufferedReader {
    StringTokenizer tokenizer;

    public InputReader(InputStream inputStream) {
        super(new InputStreamReader(inputStream), 32768);
    }

    public InputReader(String filename) {
        super(new InputStreamReader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filename)));
    }

    public String next() {
        while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
            try {
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(readLine());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException();
            }
        }
        return tokenizer.nextToken();
    }

    public Integer nextInt(){
        return Integer.valueOf(next());
    }
    public Long nextLong() {
        return  Long.valueOf(next());
    }
    public Double nextDouble() {
        return Double.valueOf(next());
    }
    static class OutputWriter extends PrintWriter {
        public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
            super(outputStream);
        }

        public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
            super(writer);
        }

        public OutputWriter(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
            super(filename);
        }

        public void close() {
            super.close();
        }
    }
}