Problem:
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

We have a tree with N vertices.
The vertices are numbered 0 through N - 1, and the i-th edge (0 ≤ i < N - 1) comnnects Vertex a_i and b_i.
For each pair of vertices u and v (0 ≤ u, v < N), we define the distance d(u, v) as the number of edges in the path u-v.

It is expected that one of the vertices will be invaded by aliens from outer space.
Snuke wants to immediately identify that vertex when the invasion happens.
To do so, he has decided to install an antenna on some vertices.

First, he decides the number of antennas, K (1 ≤ K ≤ N).
Then, he chooses K different vertices, x_0, x_1, ..., x_{K - 1}, on which he installs Antenna 0, 1, ..., K - 1, respectively.
If Vertex v is invaded by aliens, Antenna k (0 ≤ k < K) will output the distance d(x_k, v).
Based on these K outputs, Snuke will identify the vertex that is invaded.
Thus, in order to identify the invaded vertex no matter which one is invaded, the following condition must hold:

For each vertex u (0 ≤ u < N), consider the vector (d(x_0, u), ..., d(x_{K - 1}, u)). These N vectors are distinct.

Find the minumum value of K, the number of antennas, when the condition is satisfied.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ a_i, b_i < N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_0 b_0
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N - 2} b_{N - 2}

Output

Print the minumum value of K, the number of antennas, when the condition is satisfied.

Sample Input 1

5
0 1
0 2
0 3
3 4

Sample Output 1

2

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 1 and 3.
Then, the following five vectors are distinct:

(d(1, 0), d(3, 0)) = (1, 1)

(d(1, 1), d(3, 1)) = (0, 2)

(d(1, 2), d(3, 2)) = (2, 2)

(d(1, 3), d(3, 3)) = (2, 0)

(d(1, 4), d(3, 4)) = (3, 1)

Sample Input 2

2
0 1

Sample Output 2

1

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 0.

Sample Input 3

10
2 8
6 0
4 1
7 6
2 3
8 6
6 9
2 4
5 8

Sample Output 3

3

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 0, 4, 9.

Solution in Java (OpenJDK 11.0.6) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.PrimitiveIterator;
import java.util.function.IntBinaryOperator;
import java.util.function.IntFunction;
import java.util.function.IntPredicate;
import java.util.function.IntUnaryOperator;
import java.util.function.LongUnaryOperator;


public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
        solve(out);
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        pw.println(out);
        pw.flush();
        pw.close();
    }

    public static void solve(StringBuilder out) {
        int n = In.ni();
        IntArrayList[] t = new IntArrayList[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) t[i] = new IntArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            int a = In.ni(), b = In.ni();
            t[a].add(b);
            t[b].add(a);
        }
        int root = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (t[i].size() == 1) root = i;
        boolean[] line = new boolean[n];
        int[] lines = new int[n];
        int p = root;
        int u = t[root].get(0);
        while (t[u].size() == 2) {
            int x = t[u].get(0), y = t[u].get(1);
            int v = x != p ? x : y;
            p = u;
            u = v;
        }
        dfs(t, root, u, p, line, lines);
        int ans = 1;
        for (int l : lines) if (l > 0) ans += l - 1;
        out.append(ans);
    }

    public static boolean dfs(IntArrayList[] t, int root, int u, int p, boolean[] line, int[] lines) {
        if (t[u].size() == 1) return line[u] = true;
        if (t[u].size() == 2) {
            int x = t[u].get(0), y = t[u].get(1);
            int v = x != p ? x : y;
            return line[u] = dfs(t, root, v, u, line, lines);
        }
        t[u].iterator().forEachRemaining((int v) -> {
            if (v != p && dfs(t, root, v, u, line, lines)) {
                lines[u]++;
            }
        });
        return line[u] = false;
    }
}


/**
 * @author https://atcoder.jp/users/suisen
 */
final class In {
    public static final FastScanner fsc = new FastScanner();
    public static int ni() {return fsc.nextInt();}
    public static int[] ni(final int n) {
        final int[] a = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = fsc.nextInt();
        return a;
    }
    public static int[] ni(final int n, final IntUnaryOperator f) {
        final int[] a = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = f.applyAsInt(fsc.nextInt());
        return a;
    }
    public static int[][] ni(final int n, final int m) {
        final int[][] a = new int[n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = ni(m);
        return a;
    }
    public static int[][] ni(final int n, final int m, final IntUnaryOperator f) {
        final int[][] a = new int[n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = ni(m, f);
        return a;
    }
    public static long nl() {return fsc.nextLong();}
    public static long[] nl(final int n) {
        final long[] a = new long[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = fsc.nextLong();
        return a;
    }
    public static long[] nl(final int n, final LongUnaryOperator f) {
        final long[] a = new long[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = f.applyAsLong(fsc.nextLong());
        return a;
    }
    public static long[][] nl(final int n, final int m) {
        final long[][] a = new long[n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nl(m);
        return a;
    }
    public static long[][] nl(final int n, final int m, final LongUnaryOperator f) {
        final long[][] a = new long[n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nl(m, f);
        return a;
    }
    public static char[] nc() {return fsc.next().toCharArray();}
    public static char[][] nc(final int n) {
        final char[][] c = new char[n][];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) c[i] = nc();
        return c;
    }
    public static double nd() {return fsc.nextDouble();}
    public static double[] nd(final int n) {
        final double[] a = new double[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = fsc.nextDouble();
        return a;
    }
    public static double[][] nd(final int n, final int m) {
        final double[][] a = new double[n][m];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nd(m);
        return a;
    }
    public static String ns() {return fsc.next();}
    public static String[] ns(final int n) {
        final String[] s = new String[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) s[i] = fsc.next();
        return s;
    }
    public static boolean[][] grid(final int h, final int w, final char trueCharacter) {
        final boolean[][] grid = new boolean[h][w];
        for (int i = 0; i < h; i++) {
            final char[] s = fsc.next().toCharArray();
            for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) grid[i][j] = s[j] == trueCharacter;
        }
        return grid;
    }
}


final class FastScanner {
    private final InputStream in = System.in;
    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    private int ptr = 0;
    private int buflen = 0;
    private boolean hasNextByte() {
        if (ptr < buflen) return true;
        ptr = 0;
        try {buflen = in.read(buffer);}
        catch (final IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
        return buflen > 0;
    }
    private int readByte() {return hasNextByte() ? buffer[ptr++] : -1;}
    public boolean hasNext() {
        while (hasNextByte() && !(33 <= buffer[ptr] && buffer[ptr] <= 126)) ptr++;
        return hasNextByte();
    }
    public String next() {
        if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int b = readByte();
        while (33 <= b && b <= 126) {sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte();}
        return sb.toString();
    }
    public long nextLong() {
        if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        long n = 0;
        boolean minus = false;
        int b = readByte();
        if (b == '-') {minus = true; b = readByte();}
        if (b < '0' || '9' < b) throw new NumberFormatException();
        for (; ; b = readByte()) {
            if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') n = n * 10 + b - '0';
            else if (b == -1 || !(33 <= b && b <= 126)) return minus ? -n : n;
            else throw new NumberFormatException();
        }
    }
    public int nextInt() {return Math.toIntExact(nextLong());}
    public double nextDouble() {return Double.parseDouble(next());}
}



/**
 * @author https://atcoder.jp/users/suisen
 */
final class IntArrayList implements Iterable<Integer> {
    private int[] a;
    private int tail = 0;
    private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 64;
    public IntArrayList(final int capacity) {this.a = new int[Math.max(1, capacity)];}
    public IntArrayList() {this(DEFAULT_SIZE);}
    public void add(final int v) {
        if (tail == a.length) grow();
        a[tail++] = v;
    }
    public int removeLast() {return a[tail--];}
    public int get(final int i) {
        if (i >= tail) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds for length " + size());
        return a[i];
    }
    public void set(final int i, final int v) {
        if (i >= tail) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index " + i + " out of bounds for length " + size());
        a[i] = v;
    }
    private void grow() {
        final int[] b = new int[a.length << 1];
        System.arraycopy(a, 0, b, 0, a.length);
        a = b;
    }
    public int size() {return tail;}
    public void reverse(final int begin, final int end) {IntArrays.reverse(a, begin, end);}
    public void reverse() {IntArrays.reverse(a, 0, tail);}
    public int[] toArray() {
        final int[] ret = new int[tail];
        System.arraycopy(a, 0, ret, 0, tail);
        return ret;
    }
    public boolean addIf(final int v, final IntPredicate p) {
        if (p.test(v)) {add(v); return true;}
        return false;
    }
    public void clear() {tail = 0;}
    public PrimitiveIterator.OfInt iterator() {return new IntArrayListIterator();}
    private class IntArrayListIterator implements PrimitiveIterator.OfInt {
        private int i = 0;
        public boolean hasNext() {return i < tail;}
        public int nextInt() {return a[i++];}
    }
}


/**
 * @author https://atcoder.jp/users/suisen
 * 
 * 1. DESTRUCTIVE methods for int arrays.
 * 2. methods that receives arrays and return some results (except for int arrays).
 */
final class IntArrays {
    private IntArrays(){}
    public static void swap(final int[] a, final int u, final int v) {
        final int tmp = a[u]; a[u] = a[v]; a[v] = tmp;
    }
    public static void reverse(final int[] a, final int begin, final int end) {
        for (int i = begin; i < begin + (end - begin) / 2; i++) swap(a, i, begin + end - i - 1);
    }
    public static void reverse(final int[] a) {reverse(a, 0, a.length);}
    public static void sortDescending(final int[] a) {Arrays.sort(a); reverse(a);}
    public static int reduce(final int[] a, final IntBinaryOperator op) {
        int ret = a[0]; for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) ret = op.applyAsInt(ret, a[i]);
        return ret;
    }
    public static void map(final int[] a, final IntUnaryOperator op) {Arrays.setAll(a, i -> op.applyAsInt(a[i]));}
    public static int filter(final int[] src, final int[] dst, final IntPredicate p) {
        int idx = 0;
        for (final int e : src) if (p.test(e)) dst[idx++] = e;
        return idx;
    }
    public static int filterIndex(final int[] dst, final int beginIndex, final int endIndex, final IntPredicate p) {
        int idx = 0;
        for (int i = beginIndex; i < endIndex; i++) if (p.test(i)) dst[idx++] = i;
        return idx;
    }
    public static int filterIndex(final int dst[], final int endIndex, final IntPredicate p) {
        return filterIndex(dst, 0, endIndex, p);
    }
    public static void accumulate(final int[] a, final IntBinaryOperator op) {
        for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) a[i] = op.applyAsInt(a[i - 1], a[i]);
    }
    public static void accumulate(final int[] a) {
        for (int i = 1; i < a.length; i++) a[i] += a[i - 1];
    }
    public static void permute(int[] a, int[] p) {
        int n = p.length;
        boolean[] settled = new boolean[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = i; !settled[j]; j = p[j]) {
                if (p[j] == i) {
                    settled[j] = true;
                    break;
                }
                swap(a, j, p[j]);
                settled[j] = true;
            }
        }
    }
    public static int compare(final int[] a, final int[] b) {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            if (i >= b.length) return -1;
            if (a[i] > b[i]) return 1;
            if (a[i] < b[i]) return -1;
        }
        return a.length < b.length ? 1 : 0;
    }
    public static boolean equals(final int[] a, final int[] b) {return compare(a, b) == 0;}
    public static String join(final int[] a, final String sep) {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            sb.append(a[i]);
            if (i < a.length - 1) sb.append(sep);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    public static String joinWithPrefixAndSuffix(final int[] a, final IntFunction<String> idxToPre, final IntFunction<String> idxToSuf, final String sep) {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            sb.append(idxToPre.apply(i)).append(a[i]).append(idxToSuf.apply(i));
            if (i < a.length - 1) sb.append(sep);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}