Problem:
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Maximum Heap

A binary heap which satisfies max-heap property is called max-heap. In a max-heap, for every node $i$ other than the root, $A[i] \leq A[parent(i)]$, that is, the value of a node is at most the value of its parent. The largest element in a max-heap is stored at the root, and the subtree rooted at a node contains values no larger than that contained at the node itself.

Here is an example of a max-heap.

Write a program which reads an array and constructs a max-heap from the array based on the following pseudo code.

$maxHeapify(A, i)$ move the value of $A[i]$ down to leaves to make a sub-tree of node $i$ a max-heap. Here, $H$ is the size of the heap.

1 maxHeapify(A, i)
2 l = left(i)
3 r = right(i)
4 // select the node which has the maximum value
5 if l ≤ H and A[l] > A[i]
6 largest = l
7 else
8 largest = i
9 if r ≤ H and A[r] > A[largest]
10 largest = r
11
12 if largest ≠ i　// value of children is larger than that of i
13 swap A[i] and A[largest]
14 maxHeapify(A, largest) // call recursively

The following procedure buildMaxHeap(A) makes $A$ a max-heap by performing maxHeapify in a bottom-up manner.

1 buildMaxHeap(A)
2 for i = H/2 downto 1
3 maxHeapify(A, i)

Input

In the first line, an integer $H$ is given. In the second line, $H$ integers which represent elements in the binary heap are given in order of node id (from $1$ to $H$).

Output

Print values of nodes in the max-heap in order of their id (from $1$ to $H$). Print a single space character before each value.

Constraint

$1 \leq H \leq 500,000$

$-2,000,000,000 \leq$ value of a node $\leq 2,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

10
4 1 3 2 16 9 10 14 8 7

Sample Output 1

16 14 10 8 7 9 3 2 4 1

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in JAVA (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.StreamTokenizer;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;


public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); 
		Printer pr = new Printer(System.out);

		int n = sc.nextInt();
		int[] data = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			data[i] = sc.nextInt();
    	}

		Heap heap = new Heap(data);
		
		heap.buildMaxHeapify();
		
		pr.println(heap.toString());
		
    	pr.close();
        sc.close();
	}

	private static class Heap {
		int[] a;
		int heap_size;
		
		Heap(int[] heap) {
			a = heap;
			heap_size = a.length;
		}

		int left(int i) {
			return i * 2;
		}

		int right(int i) {
			return i * 2 + 1;
		}

		void maxHeapify(int i) {
			int l = left(i);
			int r = right(i);
			int largest;
			if (l <= heap_size && a[l - 1] > a[i - 1]) {
				largest = l;
			} else {
				largest = i;
			}
			if (r <= heap_size && a[r - 1] > a[largest - 1]) {
				largest = r;
			}
			if (largest != i) {
				int temp = a[i - 1];
				a[i - 1] = a[largest - 1];
				a[largest - 1] = temp;
				maxHeapify(largest);
			}
		}

		void buildMaxHeapify() {
			for (int i = heap_size / 2; i >= 1; i--) {
				maxHeapify(i);
			}
		}
		
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();

			for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
				str.append(" ");
				str.append(a[i]);
			}
			
			return str.toString();
		}
}
	
	private static class Scanner {
		InputStreamReader isr;
		BufferedReader br;
		StreamTokenizer st;
		
		Scanner (InputStream in) {
			isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
			br = new BufferedReader(isr);
			st = new StreamTokenizer(br);
		}
		
		String next() throws RuntimeException  {
			try {
				if (st.nextToken() != StreamTokenizer.TT_WORD) {
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new IllegalStateException();
			}
			
			return st.sval;
		}
		
		int nextInt() throws RuntimeException {
			try {
				if (st.nextToken() != StreamTokenizer.TT_NUMBER) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new IllegalStateException();
			}
			
			return (int)st.nval;
		}

		void close() {
		}
	}
	
	private static class Printer {
		PrintStream out;
		StringBuffer strbuf;
		int bufSize;
		final String CR;

		Printer(PrintStream out) {
			this.out = out;
			strbuf = new StringBuffer();
			bufSize = 64 * 1024;
			CR = System.getProperty("line.separator");
		}

		void println(String str) {
			strbuf.append(str);
			strbuf.append(CR);
			checkStringBuffer();
		}

		void print(String str) {
			strbuf.append(str);
			checkStringBuffer();
		}

		void println(int n) {
			strbuf.append(n);
			strbuf.append(CR);
			checkStringBuffer();
		}

		void print(int n) {
			strbuf.append(n);
			checkStringBuffer();
		}

		void print(char c) {
			strbuf.append(c);
			checkStringBuffer();
		}

		void printArray(int[] array) {
			for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
				checkStringBuffer();
				strbuf.append(array[i]);
				strbuf.append(" ");
			}
			strbuf.delete(strbuf.length() - 1, strbuf.length());
			strbuf.append(CR);
		}

		void close() {
			flashStringBuffer();
		}
		
		private void flashStringBuffer() {
			if (strbuf.length() > 0) {
				out.print(strbuf);
				strbuf.setLength(0);
			}
		}
		
		private void checkStringBuffer() {
			if (strbuf.length() > bufSize) {
				out.print(strbuf);
				strbuf.setLength(0);
			}
		}
	}
}