Problem:
Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

There are N towns in Snuke Kingdom, conveniently numbered 1 through N.
Town 1 is the capital.

Each town in the kingdom has a Teleporter, a facility that instantly transports a person to another place.
The destination of the Teleporter of town i is town a_i (1≤a_i≤N).
It is guaranteed that one can get to the capital from any town by using the Teleporters some number of times.

King Snuke loves the integer K.
The selfish king wants to change the destination of the Teleporters so that the following holds:

Starting from any town, one will be at the capital after using the Teleporters exactly K times in total.

Find the minimum number of the Teleporters whose destinations need to be changed in order to satisfy the king's desire.

Constraints

2≤N≤10^5

1≤a_i≤N

One can get to the capital from any town by using the Teleporters some number of times.

1≤K≤10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum number of the Teleporters whose destinations need to be changed in order to satisfy King Snuke's desire.

Sample Input 1

3 1
2 3 1

Sample Output 1

2

Change the destinations of the Teleporters to a = (1,1,1).

Sample Input 2

4 2
1 1 2 2

Sample Output 2

0

There is no need to change the destinations of the Teleporters, since the king's desire is already satisfied.

Sample Input 3

8 2
4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4

Sample Output 3

3

For example, change the destinations of the Teleporters to a = (1,1,2,1,1,2,2,4).

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		IO io = new IO();
		int n = io.nextInt();
		int k = io.nextInt();
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
			a[i] = io.nextInt() - 1;
		}
		if (k == 1) {
			int ans = 0;
			for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
				if (a[i] != 0) {
					ans++;
				}
			}
			System.out.println(ans);
			return;
		}
		ArrayList<Integer>[] child = new ArrayList[n];
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
			child[i] = new ArrayList<>();
		}
		for(int i=1;i<n;i++) {
			child[a[i]].add(i);
		}
		System.out.println(dfs(0,k,a,child) / BIG);
	}
	
	public static int BIG = 100010;
	
	public static long dfs(int v,int k,int[] a,ArrayList<Integer>[] child) {
		long sum = 0;
		long max = -1;
		for(int u: child[v]) {
			long x = dfs(u, k, a, child);
			sum += x / BIG;
			max = Math.max(max, x % BIG - 1);
		}
		max++;
		if (max >= k - 1) {
			if (a[v] != 0) {
				sum++;
			}
			max = -1;
		}
//		System.out.println(v + "," + sum + "," + max);
		return sum * BIG + max + 1;
	}

}
class IO extends PrintWriter {
	private final InputStream in;
	private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
	private int ptr = 0;
	private int buflen = 0;
	
	public IO() { this(System.in);}
	public IO(InputStream source) { super(System.out); this.in = source;}
	private boolean hasNextByte() {
		if (ptr < buflen) {
			return true;
		}else{
			ptr = 0;
			try {
				buflen = in.read(buffer);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			if (buflen <= 0) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
	private int readByte() { if (hasNextByte()) return buffer[ptr++]; else return -1;}
	private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) { return 33 <= c && c <= 126;}
	private static boolean isNewLine(int c) { return c == '\n' || c == '\r';}
	public boolean hasNext() { while(hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr])) ptr++; return hasNextByte();}
	public boolean hasNextLine() { while(hasNextByte() && isNewLine(buffer[ptr])) ptr++; return hasNextByte();}
	public String next() {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int b = readByte();
		while(isPrintableChar(b)) {
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	public char[] nextCharArray(int len) {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		char[] s = new char[len];
		int i = 0;
		int b = readByte();
		while(isPrintableChar(b)) {
			if (i == len) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			s[i++] = (char) b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return s;
	}
	public String nextLine() {
		if (!hasNextLine()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int b = readByte();
		while(!isNewLine(b)) {
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	public long nextLong() {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		long n = 0;
		boolean minus = false;
		int b = readByte();
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		}
		while(true){
			if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
				n *= 10;
				n += b - '0';
			}else if(b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)){
				return minus ? -n : n;
			}else{
				throw new NumberFormatException();
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}
	public int nextInt() {
		long nl = nextLong();
		if (nl < Integer.MIN_VALUE || nl > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		}
		return (int) nl;
	}
	public char nextChar() {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		return (char) readByte();
	}
	public double nextDouble() { return Double.parseDouble(next());}
	public int[] nextIntArray(int n) { int[] a = new int[n]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i] = nextInt(); return a;}
	public long[] nextLongArray(int n) { long[] a = new long[n]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i] = nextLong(); return a;}
	public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) { double[] a = new double[n]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i] = nextDouble(); return a;}
	public void nextIntArrays(int[]... a) { for(int i=0;i<a[0].length;i++) for(int j=0;j<a.length;j++) a[j][i] = nextInt();}
	public int[][] nextIntMatrix(int n,int m) { int[][] a = new int[n][]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i] = nextIntArray(m); return a;}
	public char[][] nextCharMap(int n,int m) { char[][] a = new char[n][]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) a[i] = nextCharArray(m); return a;}
	public void close() { super.close(); try {in.close();} catch (IOException e) {}}
}