Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

There is a kangaroo at coordinate 0 on an infinite number line that runs from left to right, at time 0.
During the period between time i-1 and time i, the kangaroo can either stay at his position, or perform a jump of length exactly i to the left or to the right.
That is, if his coordinate at time i-1 is x, he can be at coordinate x-i, x or x+i at time i.
The kangaroo's nest is at coordinate X, and he wants to travel to coordinate X as fast as possible.
Find the earliest possible time to reach coordinate X.

Constraints

X is an integer.

1≤X≤10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X

Output

Print the earliest possible time for the kangaroo to reach coordinate X.

Sample Input 1

6

Sample Output 1

3

The kangaroo can reach his nest at time 3 by jumping to the right three times, which is the earliest possible time.

Sample Input 2

2

Sample Output 2

2

He can reach his nest at time 2 by staying at his position during the first second, and jumping to the right at the next second.

Sample Input 3

11

Sample Output 3

5

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

class Main {

  static class Solver {
    final FastScanner sc;
    final PrintWriter writer;

    Solver(final FastScanner sc, final PrintWriter writer) {
      this.sc = sc;
      this.writer = writer;
    }

    long[] steps;

    void run() {
      int x = sc.nextInt();
      steps = new long[x + 1];
      Arrays.fill(steps, Long.MAX_VALUE);
      steps[0] = 0;
      dfs(0, x, 0, 0);
      writer.println(steps[x]);
    }

    private void dfs(int current, int goal, int time, int step) {
      if (current < 0 || current > goal || step > goal) {
        return;
      }
      steps[current] = Math.min(step, steps[current]);
      int thisTime = time + 1;
      if (current - thisTime >= 0) {
        dfs(current - thisTime, goal, thisTime, step + 1);
      }
      dfs(current, goal, thisTime, step + 1);
      dfs(current + thisTime, goal, thisTime, step + 1);
    }
  }

  public static void main(final String[] args) {
    final FastScanner sc = new FastScanner();
    try (final PrintWriter w = new PrintWriter(System.out)) {
      new Solver(sc, w).run();
      w.flush();
    }
  }

  // FastScanner
  static class FastScanner {
    private final InputStream in = System.in;
    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    private int ptr = 0;
    private int buflen = 0;

    public FastScanner() {
    }

    private boolean hasNextByte() {
      if (ptr < buflen) {
        return true;
      } else {
        ptr = 0;
        try {
          buflen = in.read(buffer);
        } catch (final IOException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (buflen <= 0) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    private int readByte() {
      if (hasNextByte())
        return buffer[ptr++];
      else
        return -1;
    }

    private boolean isPrintableChar(final int c) {
      return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
    }

    public boolean hasNext() {
      while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr]))
        ptr++;
      return hasNextByte();
    }

    public String next() {
      if (!hasNext())
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
      final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      int b = readByte();
      while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
        sb.appendCodePoint(b);
        b = readByte();
      }
      return sb.toString();
    }

    public long nextLong() {
      if (!hasNext())
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
      long n = 0;
      boolean minus = false;
      int b = readByte();
      if (b == '-') {
        minus = true;
        b = readByte();
      }
      if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
        throw new NumberFormatException();
      }
      while (true) {
        if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
          n *= 10;
          n += b - '0';
        } else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
          return minus ? -n : n;
        } else {
          throw new NumberFormatException();
        }
        b = readByte();
      }
    }

    public int nextInt() {
      final long nl = nextLong();
      if (nl < Integer.MIN_VALUE || nl > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
        throw new NumberFormatException();
      return (int) nl;
    }

    public double nextDouble() {
      return Double.parseDouble(next());
    }

    public int[] nextIntArray(final int n) {
      final int[] a = new int[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        a[i] = nextInt();
      return a;
    }

    public long[] nextLongArray(final int n) {
      final long[] a = new long[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        a[i] = nextLong();
      return a;
    }
  }
}