Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There are H rows and W columns of white square cells.

You will choose h of the rows and w of the columns, and paint all of the cells contained in those rows or columns.

How many white cells will remain?

It can be proved that this count does not depend on what rows and columns are chosen.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq H, W \leq 20

1 \leq h \leq H

1 \leq w \leq W

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
h w

Output

Print the number of white cells that will remain.

Sample Input 1

3 2
2 1

Sample Output 1

1

There are 3 rows and 2 columns of cells. When two rows and one column are chosen and painted in black, there is always one white cell that remains.

Sample Input 2

5 5
2 3

Sample Output 2

6

Sample Input 3

2 4
2 4

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;


public class Main {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Main m = new Main();
		//*
		m.input();
		m.solve();
		m.output();
		/*/
		m.debug();
		//*/
	}
	
	public void debug() {
	}
	
	InputUtil in = new InputUtil();
	PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
	
	int H = 0;
	int W = 0;
	int h = 0;
	int w = 0;
	long ans = 0;
			
	public void input() throws Exception {
		H = in.nextInt();
		W = in.nextInt();
		h = in.nextInt();
		w = in.nextInt();
	}
	
	public void solve() throws Exception {
		ans = (H-h)*(W-w);
	}
	
	public void output() {
		out.println(ans);
		out.flush();
	}
	
}

class InputUtil {
	//Static Fields
	private static final int BUFSIZ = 100000;
	boolean lineMode = false;
	
	//Fields
	protected InputStream in;
	private byte[] buf = null;
	private int ptr = 0;
	private int max = -1;
	private DataInputStream dis = null;
	//Constructors
	public InputUtil() {this(System.in,BUFSIZ);}
	public InputUtil(InputStream in, int bufsiz) {
		initBuf(bufsiz);
		initIn(in);
	}
	
	//Methods
	//Initializer
	protected void initIn(InputStream in) {dis = new DataInputStream(this.in = in);}
	protected void initBuf(int bufsiz) {buf = new byte[bufsiz];}
	
	//buffer operation
	private void next() throws IOException {ptr++; readBuf();}
	private void readBuf() throws IOException {
		if(ptr >= max && dis.available()>0) {
			if(max>0) Arrays.fill(buf,0,max,(byte)0);
			max = dis.read(buf);
			ptr = 0;
		}
	}
	
	
	//String Input Reader/Parser
	private boolean isCrLf(byte b) {return b == 0x0a || b == 0x0d; }
	
	private void skipOneCrLf() throws IOException {
		byte b = buf[ptr];
		if (isCrLf(b)) {
			ptr++;
			if (b == 0x0d) {
				readBuf();
				if (ptr < max && buf[ptr] == 0x0a) {
					ptr++;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	public String nextLine() throws IOException {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		boolean isFirst = true;
		for(readBuf(); ptr < max ;readBuf()) {
			byte b = buf[ptr];
			if(isCrLf(b)) {
				skipOneCrLf();
				if (!isFirst || lineMode) {
					break;
				}
			}else{
				int strPtr = ptr++;
				int endPtr = -1;
				for(int i = ptr; i<max; i++) {
					if(isCrLf(buf[i])) {
						endPtr = i;
						break;
					}
				}
				if(endPtr == -1) endPtr = max;
				sb.append(new String(buf,strPtr,endPtr-strPtr,"UTF-8"));
				ptr = endPtr;
			}
			isFirst = false;
		}
		lineMode = true;
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	public byte nextByte() throws IOException {
		lineMode=false;
		readBuf();
		if(ptr < max) {
			return buf[ptr++];
		}else{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	
	//Number Input Reader/Parser
	private boolean isNum(byte b) {return '0' <= b && b <= '9'; }
	private boolean isMinus(byte b) {return b=='-'; }
	
	public int nextInt() throws IOException {
		lineMode=false;
		readBuf();
		return (int)_nextLong();
	}
	
	public int[] nextInt(int[] result) throws IOException {
		lineMode=false;
		readBuf();
		for(int i=0; i<result.length; i++) {
			result[i] = (int)_nextLong();
		}
		return result;
	}
	
	private long _nextLong() throws IOException {
		int sign = 1;
		long res = 0;
		byte c;
		while (!isNum(c=buf[ptr]) && !isMinus(c)) 
			next();
		if (isMinus(buf[ptr])) {
			sign = -1;
			next();
		}
		while (isNum(c=buf[ptr])) {
			res *= 10;
			res += c - '0' ;
			next();
		}
		next();
		return sign * res;
	}
	
	public long nextLong() throws IOException {
		lineMode=false;
		readBuf();
		return _nextLong();
	}
	
	public long[] nextLong(long[] result) throws IOException {
		lineMode=false;
		readBuf();
		for(int i=0; i<result.length; i++) {
			result[i] = _nextLong();
		}
		return result;
	}
	
	//Close 
	public void close() throws IOException {
		if(!this.in.equals(System.in)) 
			this.in.close();
	}

}

class OutputUtil {
	public static final String EOF = System.lineSeparator();

	public static void outputDivSpace(PrintWriter out, int[] a) {
		OutputUtil.output(out,a,0,a.length," ");
	}
	
	public static void outputDivEOF(PrintWriter out, int[] a) {
		OutputUtil.output(out,a,0,a.length,EOF);
	}
	
	public static void output(PrintWriter out, int[] a, int off, int len, String delim) {
		out.print(a[off]);
		for(int i=off+1; i<len; i++){
			out.print(delim);
			out.print(a[i]);
		}
		out.println("");
		out.flush();
	}
}