Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;

import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.*;
import static java.util.Collections.*;
 
public class Main{
    static long mod=1000000007;
//    static int dx[]={-1,0,1,0};
//    static int dy[]={0,-1,0,1};

    public static void main(String[] args)   throws Exception, IOException{        
        Reader sc = new Reader(System.in);
        PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(System.out);

        int n = sc.nextInt();
        int d[]=sc.nextIntArray(n);
        int ans=0;
        for (int i = 1; i < d.length-1; i++) {
			if(d[i]<d[i-1] && d[i]>d[i+1])ans++;
			if(d[i]>d[i-1] && d[i]<d[i+1])ans++;
		}

        out.println(ans);
        out.flush();
    }

    static boolean validpos(int x,int y,int r, int c){
        return x<r && 0<=x && y<c && 0<=y;
    }

    static void db(Object... os){
        System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(os));
    }
}

class P {
	int x, y;
	P(int  x, int y) {
	  this.x=x;
	  this.y=y;
	}
}


//class P {
//    int id, d;
//    P(int  id, int d) {
//        this.id=id;
//        this.d=d;
//    }
//}

//class P implements Comparable<P>{
//    int a,b;
//    P(int a, int b) {
//    	this.b=b;
//    	this.a=a;
//    }
//
//    public int compareTo(P p){
//        return b-p.b;
//    }
//}

class Reader
{ 
    private BufferedReader x;
    private StringTokenizer st;
    
    public Reader(InputStream in)
    {
        x = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
        st = null;
    }
    public String nextString() throws IOException
    {
        while( st==null || !st.hasMoreTokens() )
            st = new StringTokenizer(x.readLine());
        return st.nextToken();
    }
    public int nextInt() throws IOException
    {
        return Integer.parseInt(nextString());
    }
    public int[] nextIntArray(int size) throws IOException{
        int r[] = new int[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            r[i] = this.nextInt(); 
        }
        return r;
    }
    public long[] nextLongArray(int size) throws IOException{
        long r[] = new long[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            r[i] = this.nextLong(); 
        }
        return r;
    }
    public long nextLong() throws IOException
    {
        return Long.parseLong(nextString());
    }
    public double nextDouble() throws IOException
    {
        return Double.parseDouble(nextString());
    }
}