Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {

	private static final int MAXN = 5000;
	private static final String NO = "NO";
	private static final String YES = "YES";
	InputStream is;
	PrintWriter out;
	String INPUT = "";

	private static final long MOD = 1000000007L;

	long BIT[][];

	void update(int c, int ind, int vl) {
		for (int i = ind; i < BIT[c].length; i += (i & -i))
			BIT[c][i] += vl;
	}

	long query(int c, int ind) {
		long ans = 0;
		for (int i = ind; i >= 1; i -= (i & -i)) {
			ans += BIT[c][i];
		}
		return ans;
	}

	void solve() {
		int N = ni();
		char[] a = ns().toCharArray();
		BIT = new long[26][N + 1];

		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
			update(a[i] - 'a', i + 1, 1);
		}

		int M = ni();

		for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
			int op = ni();
			int l = ni();
			if (op == 1) {
				char c = nc();
				update(a[l] - 'a', l, -1);
				a[l] = c;
				update(a[l] - 'a', l, 1);
			} else {
				int r = ni();
				int ans = 0;
				for (int c = 0; c < BIT.length; c++) {
					if (query(c, r) - query(c, l - 1) > 0)
						ans++;
				}
				out.println(ans);
			}
		}
	}

	long power(long a, long b) {
		long x = 1, y = a;
		while (b > 0) {
			if (b % 2 != 0) {
				x = (x * y) % MOD;
			}
			y = (y * y) % MOD;
			b /= 2;
		}
		return x % MOD;
	}

	private long gcd(long a, long b) {
		while (a != 0) {
			long tmp = b % a;
			b = a;
			a = tmp;
		}
		return b;
	}

	void run() throws Exception {
		is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

		long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		solve();
		out.flush();
		if (!INPUT.isEmpty())
			tr(System.currentTimeMillis() - s + "ms");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		new Main().run();
	}

	private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	private boolean vis[];

	private int readByte() {
		if (lenbuf == -1)
			throw new InputMismatchException();
		if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try {
				lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			if (lenbuf <= 0)
				return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}

	private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
		return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
	}

	private int skip() {
		int b;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b))
			;
		return b;
	}

	private double nd() {
		return Double.parseDouble(ns());
	}

	private char nc() {
		return (char) skip();
	}

	private String ns() {
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != '
									// ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	private char[] ns(int n) {
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while (p < n) {
			if (!(isSpaceChar(b)))
				buf[p++] = (char) b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}

	private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}

	private int[] na(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}

	private List<Integer> na2(int n) {
		List<Integer> a = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a.add(ni());
		return a;
	}

	private int[][] na(int n, int m) {
		int[][] a = new int[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = na(m);
		return a;
	}

	private int ni() {
		int num = 0, b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private long[] nl(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nl();
		return a;
	}

	private long nl() {
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private static void tr(Object... o) {
		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
	}
}