Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

Constraints

1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000

(a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Sample Input 1

3
2 1 3

Sample Output 1

9

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 2 4

Sample Output 2

19

Sample Input 3

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3

Sample Output 3

85

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TreeSet;

public class Main {

    static BufferedReader in;
    static PrintWriter out;
    static StringTokenizer tok;

    void solve() throws IOException {
        int n = ni();
        ArrayList<Pair> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int a = ni() - 1;
            list.add(new Pair(i, a));
        }

        Collections.sort(list);

        TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
        set.add(-1);
        set.add(n);

        long ans = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int idx = list.get(i).x;
            int higher = set.higher(idx);
            int lower = set.lower(idx);
            ans += (long) (higher - idx) * (idx - lower) * (i + 1);
            set.add(idx);
        }

        out.println(ans);
    }

    public class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
        int x, y;

        public Pair(int x, int y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }

        public int compareTo(Pair p) {
            return y - p.y;
        }
    }

    String ns() throws IOException {
        while (!tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
            tok = new StringTokenizer(in.readLine(), " ");
        }
        return tok.nextToken();
    }

    int ni() throws IOException {
        return Integer.parseInt(ns());
    }

    long nl() throws IOException {
        return Long.parseLong(ns());
    }

    double nd() throws IOException {
        return Double.parseDouble(ns());
    }

    String[] nsa(int n) throws IOException {
        String[] res = new String[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            res[i] = ns();
        }
        return res;
    }

    int[] nia(int n) throws IOException {
        int[] res = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            res[i] = ni();
        }
        return res;
    }

    long[] nla(int n) throws IOException {
        long[] res = new long[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            res[i] = nl();
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        tok = new StringTokenizer("");
        Main main = new Main();
        main.solve();
        out.close();
    }
}