Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cubes stacked vertically on a desk.

You are given a string S of length N. The color of the i-th cube from the bottom is red if the i-th character in S is 0, and blue if that character is 1.

You can perform the following operation any number of times: choose a red cube and a blue cube that are adjacent, and remove them. Here, the cubes that were stacked on the removed cubes will fall down onto the object below them.

At most how many cubes can be removed?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

|S| = N

Each character in S is 0 or 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the maximum number of cubes that can be removed.

Sample Input 1

0011

Sample Output 1

4

All four cubes can be removed, by performing the operation as follows:

Remove the second and third cubes from the bottom. Then, the fourth cube drops onto the first cube.

Remove the first and second cubes from the bottom.

Sample Input 2

11011010001011

Sample Output 2

12

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io. *;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.*;
import static java.lang.Math.*;
public class Main {

    static int visited[];
    static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> adjlist;
    static class edge implements  Comparator<edge>{
        int dest;
        int cost;

        public edge(int dest, int cost) {
            this.dest = dest;
            this.cost = cost;
        }

        @Override
        public int compare(edge o1, edge o2) {
            return o1.cost-o2.cost;
        }
    }

    static int dist[];
    static int nodesinSubtree[];
    static class Graph{
        int V;
        ArrayList<ArrayList<edge>> adj;
        PriorityQueue<edge> pq;

        public Graph(int V){
            this.V = V;
            adj = new ArrayList<>(V);
            pq = new PriorityQueue<>(V,new edge(-1,-1));
            dist = new int[V];
            nodesinSubtree = new int[V];
            for(int i=0; i<V; i++){
                dist[i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                adj.add(i,new ArrayList<>());
            }
        }

        void addedge(int u, int v, int w ){
            adj.get(u).add(new edge(v,w));
            adj.get(v).add(new edge(u,w));
        }

        void rDfs(int src, int e){
            //nodes in a subtree
            nodesinSubtree[src] = 1;
            for(int i=0; i<adj.get(src).size(); i++){
                if(adj.get(src).get(i).dest==e){
                    continue;
                }
                rDfs(adj.get(src).get(i).dest,src);
                nodesinSubtree[src]+=nodesinSubtree[adj.get(src).get(i).dest];
            }
        }

        void DFS(int src){
            Stack<edge> st = new Stack<>();
            boolean visited[] = new boolean[V];
            visited[src] = true;
            st.push(new edge(src,0));
            dist[src] = 0;
            while (!st.empty()){
                int u = st.peek().dest;
                st.pop();
                for(int i=0; i<adj.get(u).size(); i++){
                    if(!visited[adj.get(u).get(i).dest]){
                        dist[adj.get(u).get(i).dest] = dist[u]+1;
                        visited[adj.get(u).get(i).dest] = true;
                        st.push(new edge(adj.get(u).get(i).dest,1));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }


/*
        void dijkstra(int src){
            for(int i=0; i<V; i++){
                dist[i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            }
            dist[src] = 0;
            pq.add(new edge(src,0));
            while (!pq.isEmpty()){
                int u = pq.poll().dest;
                for(int i=0; i<adj.get(u).size(); i++){
                    int v = adj.get(u).get(i).dest;
                    int w = adj.get(u).get(i).cost;
                    if(dist[u]+w<=dist[v]){
                        dist[v] = dist[u] + w;
                        pq.add(new edge(v,dist[v]));
                    }
                }
            }

        }


    }

 */



    static  int I[];
    static  int L[];
    static void LIS(int n, int arr[]){
        I = new int[n+1];
        L = new int[n];
        I[0] = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for(int i=1;i<=n; i++){
            I[i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        int lisLength = 1;

        for(int i=n-1; i>=0; i--) {
            int low = 1;
            int high = lisLength;
            int mid = 0;
            while (low < high) {
                mid = (low + high) >> 1;
                if (I[mid] <= arr[i]) {
                    high = mid;
                } else {
                    low = mid + 1;
                }
            }
            I[high] = arr[i];
            L[i] = high;
            if(lisLength<=high){
                lisLength++;
            }
        }
    }

    public static long gcd(long a, long b)
    {
        if (a == 0)
            return b;

        return gcd(b%a, a);
    }

    public static long lcm(long a, long b)
    {
        return (a*b)/gcd(a, b);
    }

    static long nCr(long n, long r)
    {
        return fact(n) / (fact(r) * fact(n - r));
    }

    // Returns factorial of n
    static long fact(long n)
    {
        long res = 1;
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
            res = (res * i)%MOD;
        return res;
    }


    static int MOD = 1000000007;
    static int power(int x, int y, int p)
    {

        // Initialize result
        int res = 1;

        // Update x if it is more than or
        // equal to p
        x = x % p;

        while (y > 0)
        {

            // If y is odd, multiply x
            // with result
            if (y % 2 == 1)
                res = (res * x) % p;

            // y must be even now
            y = y >> 1; // y = y/2
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }

        return res;
    }

    // Returns n^(-1) mod p
    static int modInverse(int n, int p)
    {
        return power(n, p-2, p);
    }

    static int nCrModPFermat(int n, int r,
                             int p)
    {

        if (r == 0)
            return 1;


        int[] fac = new int[n+1];
        fac[0] = 1;

        for (int i = 1 ;i <= n; i++)
            fac[i] = fac[i-1] * i % p;

        return (fac[n]* modInverse(fac[r], p)
                % p * modInverse(fac[n-r], p)
                % p) % p;
    }
    public static long log2(long N)
    {
        
        long result = (long)(Math.log(N) / Math.log(2));

        return result;
    }
    static class team implements Comparator<team>{
        long id;
        int m;

        public team(long id, int m) {
            this.id = id;
            this.m = m;
        }

        @Override
        public int compare(team o1, team o2) {
            return o2.m-o1.m;
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FastReader sc = new FastReader(System.in);
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);

        String s = sc.next();
        int n = s.length();
        Stack<Integer> st = new Stack<>();
        int num =0;
        char a[] = s.toCharArray();
        for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
            num = a[i]-'0';
            if(!st.empty() && num!=st.peek()){
                st.pop();
            }else{
                st.push(num);
            }
        }
        pw.println(n-st.size());

        pw.close();

    }

    static void debug(Object...obj) {
        System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(obj));
    }

    static class FastReader {
        InputStream is;
        private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
        private int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;

        public FastReader(InputStream is) {
            this.is = is;
        }

        public int readByte(){
            if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException();
            if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){
                ptrbuf = 0;
                try {
                    lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                if(lenbuf <= 0)
                    return -1;
            }
            return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
        }
        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
        }
        public int skip() {
            int b;
            while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)) ;
            return b;
        }
        public String next(){
            int b = skip();
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            while(!(isSpaceChar(b))) {
                sb.appendCodePoint(b);
                b = readByte();
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
        public String nextLine(){
            int b = readByte();
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            while(b != '\n' || b != '\r'){
                sb.appendCodePoint(b);
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            int num = 0, b;
            boolean minus = false;
            while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')) ;
            if (b == '-') {
                minus = true;
                b = readByte();
            }
            while (true) {
                if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
                    num = (num << 3) + (num << 1) + (b - '0');
                } else {
                    return minus ? -num : num;
                }
                b = readByte();
            }
        }
        public long nextLong() {
            long num = 0;
            int b;
            boolean minus = false;
            while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')) ;
            if (b == '-') {
                minus = true;
                b = readByte();
            }
            while (true) {
                if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
                    num = (num << 3) + (num << 1) + (b - '0');
                } else {
                    return minus ? -num : num;
                }
                b = readByte();
            }
        }
        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
        public char[] next(int n){
            char[] buf = new char[n];
            int b = skip(), p = 0;
            while (p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))) {
                buf[p++] = (char) b;
                b = readByte();
            }
            return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
        }
        public char nextChar () {
            return (char) skip();
        }
    }
}