Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
public class Main{
	static int mod = (int)1e9+7;
	public static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter (new BufferedOutputStream(System.out));
	public static void main(String sp[])throws IOException{
		FastReader sc = new FastReader();
		long n =sc.nextLong();
		long hold = (n*(n-1))/2;
		System.out.println(hold);
		out.close();
	}
	
	public static int partition(int [] arr, int s, int e){
		
		int index=s;
		int pivot = arr[e];
		for(int i=s;i<=e-1;i++){
			if(arr[i]<=pivot){
				arr = swap(arr, index, i);
				index++;
			}
		}
		swap(arr,index,e);
		print(arr);
		return index;
	}
	
	public static int[] swap(int[] arr, int low, int high){
		int temp = arr[low];
		arr[low]=arr[high];
		arr[high]=temp;
		return arr;
	}
	
	
	public static long gcd(long a, long b){
		if(a==0)
			return b;
		
		return gcd(b%a,a);
	}
	
	public static void print(int[] arr){
		for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
			System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}
	
	public static class pair{
		int ai;
		int bi;
	}
	
	public static class comp implements Comparator<pair>{
		public int compare(pair o1, pair o2){
			return o1.bi-o2.bi;
		}
	}
	public static class FastReader {
		BufferedReader br;
		StringTokenizer st;
	
 
		public FastReader() {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		}
 
		String next() {
			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
				try {
					st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
				} catch (Exception r) {
					r.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			return st.nextToken();
		}
 
		int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());//converts string to integer
		}
 
		double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}
 
		long nextLong() {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}
 
		String nextLine() {
			String str = "";
			try {
				str = br.readLine();
			} catch (Exception r) {
				r.printStackTrace();
			}
			return str;
		}
	}
	
}