Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.

You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. If we can, find the minimum number of operations required.

Choose an integer i such that 1\leq i\leq N-1. Replace the value of X_{i+1} with the value of X_i plus 1.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^9(1\leq i\leq N)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

If we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation, print the minimum number of operations required. If we cannot, print -1.

Sample Input 1

4
0
1
1
2

Sample Output 1

3

We can make X equal to A as follows:

Choose i=2. X becomes (0,0,1,0).

Choose i=1. X becomes (0,1,1,0).

Choose i=3. X becomes (0,1,1,2).

Sample Input 2

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

9
0
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
2

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		IO io = new IO();
		int n = io.nextInt();
		int[] a = io.nextIntArray(n);
		long ans = 0;
		for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--) {
			if (a[i] > i) {
				System.out.println(-1);
				return;
			}
			if (i < n - 1 && a[i] == a[i+1] - 1) {
				
			}else if(i < n - 1 && a[i] < a[i+1] - 1){
				System.out.println(-1);
				return;
			}else{
				ans += a[i];
			}
		}
		System.out.println(ans);
	}

}
class IO extends PrintWriter {
	private final InputStream in;
	private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
	private int ptr = 0;
	private int buflen = 0;

	public IO() {
		this(System.in);
	}

	public IO(InputStream source) {
		super(System.out);
		this.in = source;
	}

	private boolean hasNextByte() {
		if (ptr < buflen) {
			return true;
		} else {
			ptr = 0;
			try {
				buflen = in.read(buffer);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			if (buflen <= 0) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	private int readByte() {
		if (hasNextByte())
			return buffer[ptr++];
		else
			return -1;
	}

	private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) {
		return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
	}

	private static boolean isNewLine(int c) {
		return c == '\n' || c == '\r';
	}

	public boolean hasNext() {
		while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr]))
			ptr++;
		return hasNextByte();
	}

	public boolean hasNextLine() {
		while (hasNextByte() && isNewLine(buffer[ptr]))
			ptr++;
		return hasNextByte();
	}

	public String next() {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int b = readByte();
		while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	public char[] nextCharArray(int len) {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		char[] s = new char[len];
		int i = 0;
		int b = readByte();
		while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
			if (i == len) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			s[i++] = (char) b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return s;
	}

	public String nextLine() {
		if (!hasNextLine()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int b = readByte();
		while (!isNewLine(b)) {
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	public long nextLong() {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		long n = 0;
		boolean minus = false;
		int b = readByte();
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		}
		while (true) {
			if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
				n *= 10;
				n += b - '0';
			} else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
				return minus ? -n : n;
			} else {
				throw new NumberFormatException();
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	public int nextInt() {
		long nl = nextLong();
		if (nl < Integer.MIN_VALUE || nl > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
			throw new NumberFormatException();
		}
		return (int) nl;
	}

	public char nextChar() {
		if (!hasNext()) {
			throw new NoSuchElementException();
		}
		return (char) readByte();
	}

	public double nextDouble() {
		return Double.parseDouble(next());
	}

	public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextInt();
		return a;
	}

	public long[] nextLongArray(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextLong();
		return a;
	}

	public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) {
		double[] a = new double[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextDouble();
		return a;
	}

	public void nextIntArrays(int[]... a) {
		for (int i = 0; i < a[0].length; i++)
			for (int j = 0; j < a.length; j++)
				a[j][i] = nextInt();
	}

	public int[][] nextIntMatrix(int n, int m) {
		int[][] a = new int[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextIntArray(m);
		return a;
	}

	public char[][] nextCharMap(int n, int m) {
		char[][] a = new char[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nextCharArray(m);
		return a;
	}

	public void close() {
		super.close();
		try {
			in.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
		}
	}
}