Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Given is a permutation P_1, \ldots, P_N of 1, \ldots, N.
Find the number of integers i (1 \leq i \leq N) that satisfy the following condition:

For any integer j (1 \leq j \leq i), P_i \leq P_j.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

P_1, \ldots, P_N is a permutation of 1, \ldots, N.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
P_1 ... P_N

Output

Print the number of integers i that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
4 2 5 1 3

Sample Output 1

3

i=1, 2, and 4 satisfy the condition, but i=3 does not - for example, P_i > P_j holds for j = 1.

Similarly, i=5 does not satisfy the condition, either. Thus, there are three integers that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

4
4 3 2 1

Sample Output 2

4

All integers i (1 \leq i \leq N) satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 3

6
1 2 3 4 5 6

Sample Output 3

1

Only i=1 satisfies the condition.

Sample Input 4

8
5 7 4 2 6 8 1 3

Sample Output 4

4

Sample Input 5

1
1

Sample Output 5

1

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import static java.util.Objects.hash;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        new Main().solve();
    }

    private void solve() throws IOException {
        try {
//            solveA();
//            solveB();
            solveC();
//            solveD();
            //			 solveE();
            //			 solveF();
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                in.close();
            }
            if (out != null) {
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            }
        }

    }

    private void solveA() {
        int n = nextInt();
        int m = nextInt();

        out.println(m == n ? "Yes" : "No");
    }

    private void solveB() {
        int a = nextInt();
        int b = nextInt();
        int min = Math.min(a, b);
        int max = Math.max(a, b);
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
            builder.append(min);
        }
        out.println(builder.toString());
    }

    private void solveC() {
        int n = nextInt();
        Pair[] wk = new Pair[n];
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            wk[i - 1] = new Pair(nextInt(), i);
        }
        Arrays.sort(wk, (x, y) -> Integer.compare(x.val, y.val));

        int cnt = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            if (wk[i].key < wk[i + 1].key)
                cnt++;
        }
        out.println(n - cnt);
    }


    private void solveD2() {
//        ll a[10][10]{};
////        for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
////            string s = to_string(i);
////            a[s[0] - '0'][s[s.length() - 1] - '0']++;
////        }
////        ll ans = 0;
////        for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
////            for (int j = 1; j < 10; j++) {
////                ans += a[i][j] * a[j][i];
////            }
////        }
    }

    /**
     * 結局のところ、組み合わせの数は9*9の範囲におさまるものしかない
     */
    private void solveD() {
        int n = nextInt();
        /*
        TOP & BOTTOM のPairを作って、そのカウントを取得する
         */
        HashMap<Pair, Long> memo = new HashMap<Pair, Long>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            Pair tmp = new Pair(i);
            memo.put(tmp, memo.getOrDefault(tmp, 0L) + 1);
        }
        long res = 0;
        /*
        TOP & BOTTOMを交換して数を確認する
        一致するならその数値をそのまま足せる
         */
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            Pair wk = new Pair(i);
            Pair target = new Pair(wk.val, wk.key);
            res += memo.getOrDefault(target, 0L);
        }
        out.println(res);
    }

    private static final class Pair {
        private Integer key;
        private Integer val;

        public Pair(int x) {
            this.key = x % 10;
            while (x != 0) {
                this.val = x;
                x /= 10;
            }
        }

        public Pair(int key, int val) {
            this.key = key;
            this.val = val;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (obj instanceof Pair) {
                Pair key = (Pair) obj;
                return this.key.equals(key.key) && this.val.equals(key.val);
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(key, val);
        }
    }

    private void solveE() {
        int n = nextInt();

        out.println("");
    }

    private void solveF() {
        int n = nextInt();

        out.println("");
    }

    /*
     * 階乗計算の最大値
     * もっと大きいのが必要ならここを修正
     */
    private final int FACTORIAL_NUM = 111111;
    /*
     * 階乗の事前計算（mod 済）
     */
    private long[] factorial = new long[FACTORIAL_NUM];
    /*
     * 逆数の事前計算（mod 済）
     */
    private long[] reverseFactorial = new long[FACTORIAL_NUM];
    private boolean isInitFactorial = false;

    /**
     * 階乗計算の事前累積和
     * [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … FACTORIAL_NUM]
     * mod済
     */
    private void initFactorial(long mod) {
        factorial[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i < FACTORIAL_NUM; i++) {
            factorial[i] = (factorial[i - 1] * i) % mod;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 逆数の事前計算
     * もっと速い方法があったので修正
     */
    private void initReverseFactorial(long mod) {

        reverseFactorial[FACTORIAL_NUM - 1] = modInverse(factorial[FACTORIAL_NUM - 1], mod);
        for (int i = FACTORIAL_NUM - 2; i >= 0; i++) {
            /*
             * 以下を利用する。
             * これにより毎回modInverseしなくてよくなる
             * (N!)^(-1) * N -> ((N - 1)!)^(-1)
             * (N-1!)^(-1) * N -> ((N - 2)!)^(-1)
             */
            reverseFactorial[i] = (reverseFactorial[i + 1] * (i + 1)) % mod;
        }
        //		reverseFactorial[0] = 1;
        //		for (int i = 0; i < FACTORIAL_NUM; i++) {
        //			reverseFactorial[i] = modInverse(factorial[i], mod);
        //		}
    }

    /**
     * フェルマーの小定理を用いて逆元を求める。
     * ある数xのmod p（pは素数）の逆数x'はx' = x^(p-2)
     * 繰り返し二乗法を用いて計算する。
     * http://satanic0258.hatenablog.com/entry/2016/04/29/004730
     * {@link BigInteger#modInverse(BigInteger)}とどちらが速いか？
     *
     * @param x
     * @return
     */
    private long modInverse(long x, long mod) {
        long res = 1L;
        long k = mod - 2L;
        long y = x;
        while (k != 0) {
            if (k % 2 != 0) {
                res = (res * y) % mod;
            }
            y = (y * y) % mod;
            k /= 2;
        }
        return res;
    }

    private void initFactorialCalc(long mod) {
        if (isInitFactorial) {
            //初期化済みならreturn
            return;
        }
        //階乗の事前計算
        initFactorial(mod);
        //逆数の計算もしておく
        initReverseFactorial(mod);
        isInitFactorial = true;
    }

    /**
     * 組み合わせ
     * nCk -> n! / k!・(n-k)!
     *
     * @param n
     * @param k
     * @param mod
     * @return
     */
    private long combination(int n, int k, long mod) {
        initFactorialCalc(mod);
        if (k < 0 || n < k) {
            return 0;
        }

        //分子の計算
        long calResN = factorial[n];

        //分母の計算
        long calResNK = reverseFactorial[n - k];
        long calcResK = reverseFactorial[k];
        long denominator = (calResNK * calcResK) % mod;

        return (calResN * denominator) % mod;

    }

    /**
     * 順列
     * nPk -> n! / (n-k)!
     *
     * @param n
     * @param k
     * @return
     */
    private long permutation(int n, int k, long mod) {
        initFactorialCalc(mod);
        if (k < 0 || n < k) {
            return 0;
        }
        long calResN = factorial[n];
        long calResNK = reverseFactorial[n - k];
        return (calResN * calResNK) % mod;
    }

    /**
     * 多項係数
     * 文字aをp個,bをq個,cをr個, dをs個 あわせてn個を1列に並べるときの並べ方
     * n! / p!・q!・r!・s!
     *
     * @param n
     * @param strNum
     * @param mod
     * @return
     */
    private long multinominalCoefficient(int n, List<Integer> strNum, int mod) {
        initFactorialCalc(mod);

        long calResN = factorial[n];
        long calResDenomi = 1;
        for (Integer num : strNum) {
            calResDenomi *= reverseFactorial[num];
        }
        return (calResN * calResDenomi) % mod;
    }

    /**
     * 重複組合せ nHr （同次積）
     * nHr = (n+r-1)Cr
     * 異なるn個のものから重複を許してr個取る組合せの総数
     * 例：
     * リンゴ，ミカン，牛肉の3種類の果物があります．これらの中から6個の食材を買って帰ります．
     * このとき，何通りの買い方がありますか？ただし，含まれない食材があってもよいものとします
     *
     * @param n
     * @param r
     * @param mod
     * @return
     */
    private long homogeneousProduct(int n, int r, long mod) {
        if (n == 0 && r == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
        return combination(n + r - 1, r, mod);
    }

    private final PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
    private final InputStream in = System.in;
    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    private int ptr = 0;
    private int buflen = 0;

    private boolean hasNextByte() {
        if (ptr < buflen) {
            return true;
        } else {
            ptr = 0;
            try {
                buflen = in.read(buffer);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (buflen <= 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    private int readByte() {
        if (hasNextByte())
            return buffer[ptr++];
        else
            return -1;
    }

    private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c) {
        return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
    }

    private void skipUnprintable() {
        while (hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr]))
            ptr++;
    }

    public boolean hasNext() {
        skipUnprintable();
        return hasNextByte();
    }

    public int nextInt() {
        return Integer.parseInt(next());
    }

    public String next() {
        if (!hasNext())
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int b = readByte();
        while (isPrintableChar(b)) {
            sb.appendCodePoint(b);
            b = readByte();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public long nextLong() {
        if (!hasNext())
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        long n = 0;
        boolean minus = false;
        int b = readByte();
        if (b == '-') {
            minus = true;
            b = readByte();
        }
        if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }
        while (true) {
            if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
                n *= 10;
                n += b - '0';
            } else if (b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)) {
                return minus ? -n : n;
            } else {
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
            b = readByte();
        }
    }
}