Problem:
Rooted Trees

A graph G = (V, E) is a data structure where V is a finite set of vertices and E is a binary relation on V represented by a set of edges. Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a graph (or graphs).

Fig. 1

A free tree is a connnected, acyclic, undirected graph. A rooted tree is a free tree in which one of the vertices is distinguished from the others. A vertex of a rooted tree is called "node."

Your task is to write a program which reports the following information for each node u of a given rooted tree T:

node ID of u

parent of u

depth of u

node type (root, internal node or leaf)

a list of chidlren of u

If the last edge on the path from the root r of a tree T to a node x is (p, x), then p is the parent of x, and x is a child of p. The root is the only node in T with no parent.

A node with no children is an external node or leaf. A nonleaf node is an internal node

The number of children of a node x in a rooted tree T is called the degree of x.

The length of the path from the root r to a node x is the depth of x in T.

Here, the given tree consists of n nodes and evey node has a unique ID from 0 to n-1.

Fig. 2 shows an example of rooted trees where ID of each node is indicated by a number in a circle (node). The example corresponds to the first sample input.

Fig. 2

Input

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of nodes of the tree.

In the next n lines, the information of each node u is given in the following format:

id k c1 c2 ... ck

where id is the node ID of u, k is the degree of u, c1 ... ck are node IDs of 1st, ... kth child of u. If the node does not have a child, the k is 0.

Output

Print the information of each node in the following format ordered by IDs:

node id: parent = p, depth = d, type, [c1...ck]

p is ID of its parent. If the node does not have a parent, print -1.

d is depth of the node.

type is a type of nodes represented by a string (root, internal node or leaf). If the root can be considered as a leaf or an internal node, print root.

c1...ck is the list of children as a ordered tree.

Please follow the format presented in a sample output below.

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100000

Sample Input 1

13
0 3 1 4 10
1 2 2 3
2 0
3 0
4 3 5 6 7
5 0
6 0
7 2 8 9
8 0
9 0
10 2 11 12
11 0
12 0

Sample Output 1

node 0: parent = -1, depth = 0, root, [1, 4, 10]
node 1: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [2, 3]
node 2: parent = 1, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 3: parent = 1, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 4: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [5, 6, 7]
node 5: parent = 4, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 6: parent = 4, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 7: parent = 4, depth = 2, internal node, [8, 9]
node 8: parent = 7, depth = 3, leaf, []
node 9: parent = 7, depth = 3, leaf, []
node 10: parent = 0, depth = 1, internal node, [11, 12]
node 11: parent = 10, depth = 2, leaf, []
node 12: parent = 10, depth = 2, leaf, []

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 3 2 0
0 0
3 0
2 0

Sample Output 2

node 0: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []
node 1: parent = -1, depth = 0, root, [3, 2, 0]
node 2: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []
node 3: parent = 1, depth = 1, leaf, []

Note

You can use a left-child, right-sibling representation to implement a tree which has the following data:

the parent of u

the leftmost child of u

the immediate right sibling of u

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in JAVA (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

class Main{

	public static void main(String[] args) throws NumberFormatException, IOException {
		BufferedReader bfr=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		int num=Integer.parseInt(bfr.readLine());		//ここでノードの数（葉っぱの数が分かる）
		Node[] nds=new Node[num];		//ノードを宣言		また未宣言  それぞれのノードについて　new Nodeしなければならない
		StringTokenizer stk;
		StringBuilder stb;
		for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {
			nds[i]=new Node(i);
		}

		for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {
			stk=new StringTokenizer(bfr.readLine());		//idを入力
			int id=Integer.parseInt(stk.nextToken());
			int kazu=Integer.parseInt(stk.nextToken());		//子ノードの数を取得
			nds[id].children_number=kazu;				//親ノードの持つ子ノードの数
			if(kazu==0) {
				nds[id].stats="leaf";		//子ノードを持たないノードは末端であることが分かる
			}
			else {
				nds[id].children=new int[kazu];		//子ノードの宣言
				for(int j=0; j<kazu; j++) {
					int childid=Integer.parseInt(stk.nextToken());		//子ノードのID
					nds[id].children[j]=childid;		//子ノードのIDを付加
					nds[childid].parent=id;	//親ノードの情報についている子ノードの情報から　親ノードのID main由来
					nds[childid].hasparent=true;		//子ノードは親ノードを持っているということになる
				}
			}
		}

		for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {	//深さの計算
			if(nds[i].depth<0) {
				nds[i].setDepth(i,nds);		//nds[i]の深さを設定する（計算する）  ndsツリーのIDがiのノードのidを設定する。
			}
		}

		for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {		//ある木のノード全てのプロパティを知る
			Node an=nds[i];			//あるノードidを見る
			stb=new StringBuilder();
			stb.append("node ");
			stb.append(i);			//あるノードid
			stb.append(": parent = ");
			stb.append(an.parent);	//あるノードidの親ノード
			stb.append(", depth = ");
			stb.append(an.depth);	//あるノードの深さ
			stb.append(", ");
			stb.append(an.stats);	//このノードの種類  葉っぱなのかルートなのか
			stb.append(", [");
			if(an.children_number!=0) {//もしあるノードが子ノードを持たないなら
				for(int j=0; j<an.children_number; j++) {
					stb.append((an.children[j]));
					if(j!=an.children_number-1) {		//最後の1つの親ノードの持つ子ノードでないなら
						stb.append(", ");
					}
				}
			}
			stb.append("]");
			System.out.println(stb);
		}
		System.out.flush();

		}

	static class Node{
		int id;				//ノードのID
		int parent;			//このノードが繋がれている親ノードのID
		int depth;			//頂点?		いらないかも
		int children_number;//子ノードの数
		String stats;		//このノードの情報
		int[] children;		//このノードにつながっている子階層のノードのID
		boolean hasparent;	//親のノードを持っているか

		//これ以降に　weight（重み）　searched（探索済みかどうかのフラグ）などを実装する

		Node(int id){
			this.id=id; this.parent=-1; this.depth=-1; children_number=-1; this.stats="internal node"; hasparent=false;
		}

		void setDepth(int now,Node[] ns){		//ノードの深さ（頂点のノードから何個下の階層にあるか）
			if(ns[now].hasparent==false || ns[now].parent==-1) {		//ns[now]が親を持たない時 nsは渡された木　nowはノードID
				ns[now].stats="root";
				ns[now].depth=0;
			}

			else {
			ns[now].depth=ns[(ns[now].parent)].depth+1;		//子の親の深さよりも1だけ深いので
			}

			if(ns[now].parent==1 && ns[now].depth<=0){
				ns[ns[now].parent].depth+=1;
			}
		}
	}
}