Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There is a tree with N vertices, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N.
For each i (1 \leq i \leq N - 1), the i-th edge connects Vertex x_i and y_i.

Taro has decided to paint each vertex in white or black.
Here, it is not allowed to paint two adjacent vertices both in black.

Find the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq x_i, y_i \leq N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_{N - 1} y_{N - 1}

Output

Print the number of ways in which the vertices can be painted, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

5

There are five ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 2

4
1 2
1 3
1 4

Sample Output 2

9

There are nine ways to paint the vertices, as follows:

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

2

Sample Input 4

10
8 5
10 8
6 5
1 5
4 8
2 10
3 6
9 2
1 7

Sample Output 4

157

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {
	private static final long MOD = 1000000007;
	InputStream is;
	PrintWriter out;
	String INPUT = "";

	int n;
	int a[][];
	long dp[][];

	List<Integer> g[];

	void solve() {
		n = ni();
		g = new List[n + 1];
		for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++)
			g[i] = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
			int u = ni();
			int v = ni();
			g[u].add(v);
			g[v].add(u);
		}

		long[] ret = dfs(1, 0);

		out.println(ret[0] + ret[1]);
	}

	// 0: black
	// 1: white
	private long[] dfs(int r, int p) {
		long[] ret = new long[] { 1, 1 };
		for (Integer c : g[r]) {
			if (c != p) {
				long[] tmp = dfs(c, r);
				ret[0] *= tmp[1];
				ret[1] *= (tmp[0] + tmp[1]);
				ret[0] %= MOD;
				ret[1] %= MOD;
			}
		}
		return ret;
	}

	private long solve(int i, int f) {
		if (i >= n)
			return 1;
		if (dp[i][f] == -1) {
			dp[i][f] = 0;
			for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
				if ((f & (1 << j)) != 0 && a[i][j] == 1) {
					dp[i][f] += solve(i + 1, f & (~(1 << j)));
					dp[i][f] %= MOD;
				}
			}
		}
		return dp[i][f];
	}

	StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

	void run() throws Exception {
		is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		Thread t = new Thread(null, null, "~", Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()) {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
				solve();
				out.flush();
				if (!INPUT.isEmpty())
					tr(System.currentTimeMillis() - s + "ms");
			}
		};
		t.start();
		t.join();

		// long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		// solve();
		// out.flush();
		// if(!INPUT.isEmpty())tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		new Main().run();
	}

	private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;

	private int readByte() {
		if (lenbuf == -1)
			throw new InputMismatchException();
		if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try {
				lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			if (lenbuf <= 0)
				return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}

	private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
		return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
	}

	private int skip() {
		int b;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b))
			;
		return b;
	}

	private double nd() {
		return Double.parseDouble(ns());
	}

	private char nc() {
		return (char) skip();
	}

	private String ns() {
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	private char[] ns(int n) {
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while (p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))) {
			buf[p++] = (char) b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}

	private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}

	private int[] na(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}

	private int[][] na(int n, int m) {
		int[][] a = new int[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = na(m);
		return a;
	}

	private int ni() {
		int num = 0, b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private long nl() {
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private int max(int[] a) {
		int ret = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
		for (int i : a)
			ret = Math.max(ret, i);
		return ret;
	}

	private static void tr(Object... o) {
		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
	}
}