Problem:
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Breadth First Search

Write a program which reads an directed graph $G = (V, E)$, and finds the shortest distance from vertex $1$ to each vertex (the number of edges in the shortest path). Vertices are identified by IDs $1, 2, ... n$.

Input

In the first line, an integer $n$ denoting the number of vertices, is given. In the next $n$ lines, adjacent lists of vertex $u$ are given in the following format:

$u$ $k$ $v_1$ $v_2$ ... $v_k$

$u$ is ID of the vertex and $k$ denotes its degree.$v_i$ are IDs of vertices adjacent to $u$.

Constraints

$1 \leq n \leq 100$

Output

For each vertex $u$, print $id$ and $d$ in a line. $id$ is ID of vertex $u$ and $d$ is the distance from vertex $1$ to vertex $u$. If there are no path from vertex $1$ to vertex $u$, print -1 as the shortest distance. Print in order of IDs.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 4
2 1 4
3 0
4 1 3

Sample Output 1

1 0
2 1
3 2
4 1

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in JAVA (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Queue;

public class Main {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    new Main().run();
  }

  public void run() {

    try(BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))) {

      int n = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
      Graph graph = new Graph(n);
      int[] ajacent;
      String[] vInfo;
      int id,degree;

      for(int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        vInfo  = br.readLine().split(" ");
        id     = Integer.parseInt(vInfo[0]);
        degree = Integer.parseInt(vInfo[1]);
        ajacent = new int[degree];
        for(int j=0; j<degree; j++) {
          ajacent[j] = graph.convIdToIndex( Integer.parseInt(vInfo[j+2]) );
        }
        graph.setVertex(id, ajacent);
      }

      graph.vertexSearch();

      graph.dispReport();
    }
    catch (IOException e) {
      System.err.println(e);
    }
  }

  class Graph {

    Vertex[] vertices;
    Queue<Vertex> queue;
    int time;

    public Graph(int size ) {
      vertices  = new Vertex[size];
      queue = new ArrayDeque<>(size);
      time = 0;
    }

    public void setVertex(int id) {
      vertices[convIdToIndex(id)] = new Vertex(id);
    }
    public void setVertex(int id, int[] ajacent) {
      setVertex(id);
      setAjacent(id, ajacent);
    }
    public void setAjacent(int id, int[] ajacent) {
      vertices[convIdToIndex(id)].ajacent = ajacent;
    }
    public void vertexSearch() {
      breadthFirstSearch(0);
    }
    public void dispReport() {
      StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

      for (Vertex v : vertices) {
          buf.append(v.id).append(" ")
             .append(v.distance).append("\n");
      }

      System.out.print(buf);
    }
    public int convIdToIndex(int id) {
      return id-1;
    }

    private void breadthFirstSearch(int index) {
      vertices[index].state = Vertex.GRAY;
      vertices[index].distance = 0;
      queue.offer(vertices[index]);

      Vertex v;
      while(queue.peek() != null) {
        v = queue.poll();
        for (int ajcIndex : v.ajacent) {
          if(vertices[ajcIndex].state == Vertex.WHITE) {
            vertices[ajcIndex].state = Vertex.GRAY;
            vertices[ajcIndex].distance = v.distance + 1;
            queue.offer(vertices[ajcIndex]);
          }
        }
        v.state = Vertex.BLACK;
      }
    }

    class Vertex {

      static final int WHITE = 0;
      static final int GRAY  = 1;
      static final int BLACK = 2;
      int id;
      int index;
      int state;
      int[] ajacent;
      int findTime;
      int doneTime;
      int distance;

      public Vertex(int id) {
        this.id = id;
        index = id-1;
        state = WHITE;
        distance = -1;
      }
    }
  }
}