Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyScanner sc = new MyScanner();
        long N = sc.nextInt();
        long sum = 0;
        for (long i=1; i<N; i++){
            sum += i;
        }

        System.out.println(sum);

    }

    static class MyScanner {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in), 1 << 15);
        StringTokenizer tokenizer;
    
        String next() {
            try {
                while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
                }
            } catch (IOException ignored) {
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
    
        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }
    
        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
    }
}