Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

An uppercase or lowercase English letter \alpha will be given as input.
If \alpha is uppercase, print A; if it is lowercase, print a.

Constraints

\alpha is an uppercase (A - Z) or lowercase (a - z) English letter.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

α

Output

If \alpha is uppercase, print A; if it is lowercase, print a.

Sample Input 1

B

Sample Output 1

A

B is uppercase, so we should print A.

Sample Input 2

a

Sample Output 2

a

a is lowercase, so we should print a.

Solution in Java (OpenJDK 11.0.6) (judge verdict: Accepted)



import java.util.*;
/*
NOTES:
-more than 10 digits (10^10), use long
-prefix sum of 1's and -1's to control flow of highlighting a region
-log(a)/log(b) = log base b of a
-create a position array if trying to see if elements show up next to each other sequentially
 i.e. elements 1,2,3 are within 3 spots of each other in an array
      arr[scannedInt - 1] = i; (position of i at p[i] in original)
- use a freq array when counting instances of an element occurring
- increment the counter first before simulating anything turn-based (two player game)

 */

public class Main {
    static long mod = (long)(Math.pow(10, 9) + 7);
    public static String alpha = "zabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scan =new Scanner(System.in);
        char[] arr = scan.next().toCharArray();
        if(Character.isLowerCase(arr[0])) System.out.println("a");
        else System.out.println("A");

        scan.close();
    }





    static int GCD(int a, int b) {
        // Everything divides 0
        if (a == 0) return b;
        if (b == 0) return a;

        // base case
        if (a == b) return a;

        // a is greater
        if (a > b) return GCD(a-b, b);
        return GCD(a, b-a);
    }
    static int LCM(int a, int b){
        return (a*b)/(GCD(a,b));
    }
    static String rev(String s){
        char[] arr = s.toCharArray();
        for(int i = 0; i<(s.length()+1)/2; i++){
            char temp = arr[i];
            arr[i] = arr[s.length()-i-1];
            arr[s.length()-i-1] = temp;
        }
        String fin = new String(arr);
        return fin;
    }
    static long pow(long a, long N) {
        if (N == 0) return 1;
        else if (N == 1) return a;
        else {
            long R = pow(a,N/2);
            if (N % 2 == 0) {
                return R*R;
            }
            else {
                return R*R*a;
            }
        }
    }

    static long powMod(long a, long N) {
        if (N == 0) return 1;
        else if (N == 1) return a % mod;
        else {
            long R = powMod(a,N/2) % mod;
            R *= R;
            R %= mod;
            if (N % 2 == 1) {
                R *= a;
                R %= mod;
            }
            return R % mod;
        }
    }

}