Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in JAVA (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;


class Main {

	static int changecount;
   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException{


	   BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
	   int n = Integer.parseInt( br.readLine()  );
	   String[] string =  br.readLine().split(" ");
	   int[] A = new int[n];
	   for(int i = 0;i < n; i++){
         A[i] = Integer.parseInt( string[i] ) ;
	   }

	    mergeSort(A, 0, n);

	   for(int i = 0;i < n; i++){
		   System.out.print(A[i]);
		   if(i < n-1 ){
			   System.out.print(" ");
		   }
	   }
	   System.out.println();
	   System.out.println(changecount);
   }



   public static void merge( int[] A, int left, int mid ,int right){

	   int n1 = mid - left;
	   int n2 = right - mid;
       int[] L = new int[n1+1];
       int[] R = new int[n2+1];

       //System.out.println("  n1="+ n1+" n2="+n2);
	   for(int i = 0; i < n1;i++ ){
		   L[i] = A[left + i];
		   //System.out.println(" n1="+n1+" n2="+n2);
		   //System.out.println("  L[i]="+ L[i]);
	   }

	   for(int i = 0; i < n2;i++ ){
		   R[i] = A[mid + i];
		   //System.out.println("  R[i]="+ R[i]);
	   }

	   L[n1] =  Integer.MAX_VALUE;
	   R[n2] =  Integer.MAX_VALUE;

	   int i = 0;
	   int j = 0;

	   for(int k = left; k < right; k++ ){

		   if(L[i] <= R[j]){
			   A[k] = L[i];
			      i = i + 1;
			      changecount++;
		   }else{
			   A[k] = R[j];
			      j = j + 1;
			      changecount++;
		   }

	   }
	   //System.out.println(changecount);


   }


   public static void mergeSort(int[] A, int left, int right){
	   //System.out.println(" left="+left+" right="+right);

	   if(left+1 < right){
		    int mid = (left + right)/2;
		    mergeSort(A, left, mid);
		    mergeSort(A, mid, right);
		   merge(A, left, mid, right);
		    //System.out.println(changecount);
	   }



   }
}