Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Java8 (OpenJDK 1.8.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FastIO fio = new FastIO();

        long n = fio.readInt();
        System.out.println(((n - 1) * n) / 2);
    }

    private static class FastIO {
        private StringTokenizer stringTokenizer;
        private BufferedReader bufferedReader;

        public FastIO() {
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            stringTokenizer = null;
        }

        public String read() {
            if (stringTokenizer == null || !stringTokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    stringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(bufferedReader.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            return stringTokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        public int readInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(read());
        }

        public long readLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(read());
        }
    }
}