Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

Constraints

1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000

(a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Sample Input 1

3
2 1 3

Sample Output 1

9

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 2 4

Sample Output 2

19

Sample Input 3

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3

Sample Output 3

85

Solution in Haskell (GHC 7.10.3) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables, FlexibleContexts #-}
import Control.Applicative
import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.State
import Control.DeepSeq
import Data.Array
import Data.Bits
import Data.Char
import Data.Functor.Identity
import Data.List
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Ord
import Data.Tree
import Data.Tuple
import qualified System.IO
import qualified Data.Map as M
import qualified Data.Set as S
import qualified Data.Sequence as Q
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B

main = do
  n :: Z <- readLn
  as :: [Z] <- readLnList
  let
    bs = sort $ zip as [1..]
    go (a,i) = do
      l <- gets (maybe 0 id . S.lookupLT i)
      r <- gets (maybe (n+1) id . S.lookupGT i)
      modify (S.insert i)
      return $ a * (i-l) * (r-i)
    ans = sum $ evalState (mapM go bs) S.empty
  print $ ans



 
type Z = Int
type Q = Rational
type R = Double
type S = String

fint :: (Integral a, Num b) => a -> b
fint = fromIntegral

getInt = fst . fromJust . B.readInt <$> B.getLine
getIntPair = (\[a,b]->(a,b)) <$> getInts
getInts = map (fst . fromJust . B.readInt) . B.words <$> B.getLine
getStr = B.unpack <$> B.getLine

yesNo :: Bool -> String
yesNo True = "Yes"
yesNo False = "No"

printList :: (Show a) => [a] -> IO ()
printList = putStrLn . unwords . map show

readLnList :: (Read a) => IO [a]
readLnList = map read . words <$> getLine


-----  Union-find
type UnionFindT v m a = StateT (M.Map v (UnionFindVal v)) m a
newtype UnionFindVal v = UnionFindVal v

runUnionFindT :: (Monad m) => UnionFindT v m a -> m a
runUnionFindT = flip evalStateT $ M.empty

runUnionFind = runIdentity . runUnionFindT

ufFresh :: (Monad m, Ord v) => v -> UnionFindT v m ()
ufFresh v = modify $ M.insert v (UnionFindVal v)

ufClass :: (Monad m, Ord v) => v -> UnionFindT v m v
ufClass v = do
  (UnionFindVal pv) <- gets (M.! v)
  if v == pv
    then return v
    else do
      c <- ufClass pv
      modify $ M.insert v (UnionFindVal c)
      return c

ufUnify v w = do
  cv <- ufClass v
  cw <- ufClass w
  modify $ M.insert cw (UnionFindVal cv)
  return $ cv /= cw