Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cubes stacked vertically on a desk.

You are given a string S of length N. The color of the i-th cube from the bottom is red if the i-th character in S is 0, and blue if that character is 1.

You can perform the following operation any number of times: choose a red cube and a blue cube that are adjacent, and remove them. Here, the cubes that were stacked on the removed cubes will fall down onto the object below them.

At most how many cubes can be removed?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

|S| = N

Each character in S is 0 or 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the maximum number of cubes that can be removed.

Sample Input 1

0011

Sample Output 1

4

All four cubes can be removed, by performing the operation as follows:

Remove the second and third cubes from the bottom. Then, the fourth cube drops onto the first cube.

Remove the first and second cubes from the bottom.

Sample Input 2

11011010001011

Sample Output 2

12

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in Haskell (GHC 7.10.3) (judge verdict: Accepted)

{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
import qualified Data.ByteString.Lazy.Char8 as B
import Data.Maybe
import Data.List
-- import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed as VU
-- import qualified Data.Vector.Unboxed.Mutable as VUM
-- import Control.Monad
-- import Control.Monad.ST
-- import Debug.Trace
-- trace _ = id

solve :: String -> Int
solve s = acc
  where
    (stack, acc) = foldl' op ([], 0) s
    op ([], !acc) c = ([c], acc)
    op (stack@(c1:p), !acc) c2 | c1 == c2 = (c2:stack, acc)
                               | c1 /= c2 = (p, acc+2)

readBInt :: B.ByteString -> Int
readBInt = fst . fromJust . B.readInt

tmain :: B.ByteString -> Int
tmain cont =
  let remLines0 = map B.words (B.lines cont)
      [bs_s]:remLines1 = remLines0
      s = B.unpack bs_s
  in solve s

outAnswer :: Int -> IO ()
outAnswer = putStrLn . show

main :: IO ()
main = outAnswer . tmain =<< B.getContents


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

inp1 = "0011\n"
inp2 = "11011010001011\n"
inp3 = "0\n"
tv1 = tmain $ B.pack inp1
tv2 = tmain $ B.pack inp2
tv3 = tmain $ B.pack inp3
test1 = tv1 == 4
test2 = tv2 == 12
test3 = tv3 == 0
alltest = test1 && test2 && test3