Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There are N dishes, numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N.
Initially, for each i (1 \leq i \leq N), Dish i has a_i (1 \leq a_i \leq 3) pieces of sushi on it.

Taro will perform the following operation repeatedly until all the pieces of sushi are eaten:

Roll a die that shows the numbers 1, 2, \ldots, N with equal probabilities, and let i be the outcome. If there are some pieces of sushi on Dish i, eat one of them; if there is none, do nothing.

Find the expected number of times the operation is performed before all the pieces of sushi are eaten.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 300

1 \leq a_i \leq 3

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 \ldots a_N

Output

Print the expected number of times the operation is performed before all the pieces of sushi are eaten.
The output is considered correct when the relative difference is not greater than 10^{-9}.

Sample Input 1

3
1 1 1

Sample Output 1

5.5

The expected number of operations before the first piece of sushi is eaten, is 1.
After that, the expected number of operations before the second sushi is eaten, is 1.5.
After that, the expected number of operations before the third sushi is eaten, is 3.
Thus, the expected total number of operations is 1 + 1.5 + 3 = 5.5.

Sample Input 2

1
3

Sample Output 2

3

Outputs such as 3.00, 3.000000003 and 2.999999997 will also be accepted.

Sample Input 3

2
1 2

Sample Output 3

4.5

Sample Input 4

10
1 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 3

Sample Output 4

54.48064457488221

Solution in Go (1.6) (judge verdict: Accepted)

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"strconv"
)

var (
	N, x, y, z int
	dp         [301][301][301]float64
)

func readVariables() {
	N = nextInt()
	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		a := nextInt()
		switch a {
		case 1:
			x++
		case 2:
			y++
		case 3:
			z++
		}
	}
}

func solve(x, y, z int) float64 {
	if x == 0 && y == 0 && z == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	if dp[x][y][z] > 0 {
		return dp[x][y][z]
	}
	result := 0.0
	S := x + y + z
	if x > 0 {
		result += solve(x-1, y, z) * float64(x) / float64(S)
	}
	if y > 0 {
		result += solve(x+1, y-1, z) * float64(y) / float64(S)
	}
	if z > 0 {
		result += solve(x, y+1, z-1) * float64(z) / float64(S)
	}
	result += float64(N) / float64(S)
	dp[x][y][z] = result
	return result
}

func main() {
	readVariables()
	fmt.Println(solve(x, y, z))
}

/* 以下、テンプレート*/

var scanner *bufio.Scanner

func init() {
	Max := 1001001
	scanner = bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, Max), Max)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
}

//nextInt converts next token from stdin and returns integer value.
//nextInt panics when conversion into an integer fails.
func nextInt() int {
	if !scanner.Scan() {
		panic("No more token.")
	}
	num, err := strconv.Atoi(scanner.Text())
	if err != nil {
		panic("nextInt(): cannot convert to int: " + scanner.Text())
	}
	return num
}

func nextStr() string {
	if !scanner.Scan() {
		panic("No more token.")
	}
	return scanner.Text()
}

// MinInt は、2つの整数を受け取り、最小値を返します。
func MinInt(x, y int) int {
	if x < y {
		return x
	} else {
		return y
	}
}

//MaxInt は、2つの整数を受け取り、最大値を返します。
func MaxInt(x, y int) int {
	if x < y {
		return y
	} else {
		return x
	}
}

//AbsInt は、整数の絶対値を返します。
func AbsInt(x int) int {
	if x < 0 {
		return -x
	}
	return x
}

//ModPow は整数の累乗関数で、剰余もサポートします。
//base^exponentの値をmoduleで割った余りを返します。
//moduloが1以下の場合には、剰余演算をしません。
//baseが負の値である場合には、返す値が負になることがあります。
func ModPow(base, exponent, modulo int) (result int) {
	result = 1
	for exponent > 0 {
		if exponent%2 == 1 {
			result *= base
			if modulo > 1 {
				result %= modulo
			}
		}
		base *= base
		if modulo > 1 {
			base %= modulo
		}
		exponent /= 2
	}
	return
}

//Gcd は、引数の整数全ての最大公約数を返します。
func Gcd(vals ...int) (result int) {
	if len(vals) == 0 {
		return
	}
	result = vals[0]
	for i := 1; i < len(vals); i++ {
		result = gcd(result, vals[i])
	}
	return
}

func gcd(x, y int) int {
	x, y = AbsInt(x), AbsInt(y)
	for y > 0 {
		x, y = y, x%y
	}
	return x
}

//Lcm は、与えられた整数の最小公倍数を返します。
func Lcm(vals ...int) (result int) {
	if len(vals) == 0 {
		return
	}
	result = vals[0]
	for i := 1; i < len(vals); i++ {
		result = lcm(result, vals[i])
	}
	return
}

func lcm(x, y int) int {
	return x * y / gcd(x, y)
}