Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in Go (1.6) (judge verdict: Accepted)

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
)

var mod = pow(10, 9) + 7
var A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z int
var ans int = 0

func main() {
	fmt.Scan(&N)
	p := make([]int, N)

	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
		fmt.Scan(&p[i])
	}
	var cnt int
	for i := 1; i < N-1; i++ {
		if p[i-1] < p[i] && p[i] < p[i+1] {
			cnt++
		} else if p[i-1] > p[i] && p[i] > p[i+1] {
			cnt++
		}
	}
	fmt.Println(cnt)
}

/*  ----------------------------------------  */

func lcm(x, y int) int {
	return (x / gcd(x, y)) * y
}

func gcd(x, y int) int {
	if x%y == 0 {
		return y
	} else {
		r := x % y
		return gcd(y, r)
	}
}

func combination(x, y int) int {
	return permutation(x, y) / permutation(y, y)
}

func permutation(x, y int) int {
	var ans, cnt int = 1, 0
	for cnt < y {
		ans *= (x - cnt)
		cnt++
	}
	return ans
}

func max(x ...int) int {
	var res int = x[0]
	for i := 1; i < len(x); i++ {
		res = int(math.Max(float64(x[i]), float64(res)))
	}
	return res
}

func min(x ...int) int {
	var res int = x[0]
	for i := 1; i < len(x); i++ {
		res = int(math.Min(float64(x[i]), float64(res)))
	}
	return res
}
func pow(x, y int) int { return int(math.Pow(float64(x), float64(y))) }
func abs(x int) int    { return int(math.Abs(float64(x))) }
func floor(x int) int  { return int(math.Floor(float64(x))) }
func ceil(x int) int   { return int(math.Ceil(float64(x))) }

type SortBy []int

func (a SortBy) Len() int           { return len(a) }
func (a SortBy) Swap(i, j int)      { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
func (a SortBy) Less(i, j int) bool { return a[i] > a[j] }