Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

N persons are standing in a row. The height of the i-th person from the front is A_i.

We want to have each person stand on a stool of some heights - at least zero - so that the following condition is satisfied for every person:

Condition: Nobody in front of the person is taller than the person. Here, the height of a person includes the stool.

Find the minimum total height of the stools needed to meet this goal.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 \ldots A_N

Output

Print the minimum total height of the stools needed to meet the goal.

Sample Input 1

5
2 1 5 4 3

Sample Output 1

4

If the persons stand on stools of heights 0, 1, 0, 1, and 2, respectively, their heights will be 2, 2, 5, 5, and 5, satisfying the condition.

We cannot meet the goal with a smaller total height of the stools.

Sample Input 2

5
3 3 3 3 3

Sample Output 2

0

Giving a stool of height 0 to everyone will work.

Solution in Go (1.14.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
)

func main() {
	sc := newScanner()
	var n = sc.readInt()
	var a = make([]int, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		a[i] = sc.readInt()
	}

	var pre = 0
	var now = 0
	var cnt = 0
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		if i == 0 {
			pre = a[i]
			continue
		}
		now = a[i]
		if pre > now {
			cnt += pre - now
			now = pre
		}
		pre = now
	}
	fmt.Println(cnt)
}

//////////////////
//////////////////
//////////////////

func abs(x int) int {
	if x >= 0 {
		return x
	}
	return -x
}

func min(values ...int) int {
	if len(values) == 0 {
		panic("no values")
	}

	min := values[0]
	for _, v := range values {
		if v < min {
			min = v
		}
	}
	return min
}

func max(values ...int) int {
	if len(values) == 0 {
		panic("no values")
	}

	max := values[0]
	for _, v := range values {
		if v > max {
			max = v
		}
	}
	return max
}

func pow(base, exponent int) int {
	if exponent < 0 {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("exponent (%d) should not be a minus", exponent))
	}

	answer := 1
	for i := 0; i < exponent; i++ {
		answer *= base
	}
	return answer
}

func ceil(divident, dividor int) int {
	if dividor == 0 {
		panic("dividor should not be 0")
	}

	quo := divident / dividor
	rem := divident % dividor

	if rem != 0 {
		if (divident > 0 && dividor > 0) ||
			(divident < 0 && dividor < 0) {
			return quo + 1
		}
	}
	return quo
}

// -   sortutil

func reverseInts(a []int) {
	sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.IntSlice(a)))
}

func reverseStrings(a []string) {
	sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sort.StringSlice(a)))
}

// -   io

type scanner struct {
	bufScanner *bufio.Scanner
}

func newScanner() *scanner {
	bufSc := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
	bufSc.Split(bufio.ScanWords)
	bufSc.Buffer(nil, 100000000)
	return &scanner{bufSc}
}

func (sc *scanner) readString() string {
	bufSc := sc.bufScanner
	bufSc.Scan()
	return bufSc.Text()
}

func (sc *scanner) readInt() int {
	bufSc := sc.bufScanner
	bufSc.Scan()
	text := bufSc.Text()

	num, err := strconv.Atoi(text)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return num
}

func (sc *scanner) readInt64() int64 {
	bufSc := sc.bufScanner
	bufSc.Scan()
	text := bufSc.Text()

	num, err := strconv.ParseInt(text, 10, 64)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return num
}