Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Given an integer N, find the base -2 representation of N.

Here, S is the base -2 representation of N when the following are all satisfied:

S is a string consisting of 0 and 1.

Unless S = 0, the initial character of S is 1.

Let S = S_k S_{k-1} ... S_0, then S_0 \times (-2)^0 + S_1 \times (-2)^1 + ... + S_k \times (-2)^k = N.

It can be proved that, for any integer M, the base -2 representation of M is uniquely determined.

Constraints

Every value in input is integer.

-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the base -2 representation of N.

Sample Input 1

-9

Sample Output 1

1011

As (-2)^0 + (-2)^1 + (-2)^3 = 1 + (-2) + (-8) = -9, 1011 is the base -2 representation of -9.

Sample Input 2

123456789

Sample Output 2

11000101011001101110100010101

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using Yorukatsu058.Questions;
using Yorukatsu058.Extensions;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Yorukatsu058.Questions
{
    public class QuestionD : AtCoderQuestionBase
    {
        public override IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream)
        {
            var n = inputStream.ReadLong();

            if (n > 0)
            {
                for (int d = 1; d < 60; d += 2)
                {
                    if ((n & (1L << d)) > 0)
                    {
                        n += 1L << (d + 1);
                    }
                }

                yield return Convert.ToString(n, 2);
            }
            else if (n < 0)
            {
                n = -n;
                for (int d = 0; d < 60; d += 2)
                {
                    if ((n & (1L << d)) > 0)
                    {
                        n += 1L << (d + 1);
                    }
                }

                yield return Convert.ToString(n, 2);
            }
            else
            {
                yield return "0";
            }
        }
    }
}


namespace Yorukatsu058
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IAtCoderQuestion question = new QuestionD();    // 問題に合わせて書き換え
            var answers = question.Solve(Console.In);
            foreach (var answer in answers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(answer);
            }
        }
    }
}

#region Base Classes

namespace Yorukatsu058.Questions
{

    public interface IAtCoderQuestion
    {
        IEnumerable<object> Solve(string input);
        IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream);
    }

    public abstract class AtCoderQuestionBase : IAtCoderQuestion
    {
        public IEnumerable<object> Solve(string input)
        {
            var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(input));
            var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.Unicode);

            return Solve(reader);
        }

        public abstract IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream);
    }

}

#endregion

#region Extensions

namespace Yorukatsu058.Extensions
{
    internal static class TextReaderExtensions
    {
        internal static int ReadInt(this TextReader reader) => int.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static long ReadLong(this TextReader reader) => long.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static double ReadDouble(this TextReader reader) => double.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static string ReadString(this TextReader reader) => reader.ReadLine();

        internal static int[] ReadIntArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static long[] ReadLongArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static double[] ReadDoubleArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static string[] ReadStringArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => reader.ReadLine().Split(separator);
    }
}

#endregion