Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

It is November 18 now in Japan. By the way, 11 and 18 are adjacent Lucas numbers.

You are given an integer N. Find the N-th Lucas number.

Here, the i-th Lucas number L_i is defined as follows:

L_0=2

L_1=1

L_i=L_{i-1}+L_{i-2} (i≥2)

Constraints

1≤N≤86

It is guaranteed that the answer is less than 10^{18}.

N is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the N-th Lucas number.

Sample Input 1

5

Sample Output 1

11

L_0=2

L_1=1

L_2=L_0+L_1=3

L_3=L_1+L_2=4

L_4=L_2+L_3=7

L_5=L_3+L_4=11

Thus, the 5-th Lucas number is 11.

Sample Input 2

86

Sample Output 2

939587134549734843

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Text;
using static System.Math;
using static Extentions;
using static MathExtensions;

public static class Program
{
    public static void Solve()
    {
        var n = I;
        var l0 = 2L;
        var l1 = 1L;

        for (var i = 2; i <= n; i++)
        {
            var l2 = l0 + l1;
            l0 = l1;
            l1 = l2;
        }

        Console.WriteLine(n == 0 ? 2 : l1);
    }

    #region Scanners
    static Scanner _scanner;
    static char C => _scanner.NextChar();
    static string S => _scanner.NextString();
    static int I => _scanner.NextInt();
    static long L => _scanner.NextLong();
    static BigInteger B => _scanner.NextBigInteger();
    static double D => _scanner.NextDouble();
    static decimal M => _scanner.NextDecimal();
    #endregion

    public static void Main()
    {
        var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
        sw.NewLine = "\n";
#if DEBUG
        sw.AutoFlush = true;
        Console.SetError(sw);
#else
        sw.AutoFlush = false;
#endif
        Console.SetOut(sw);
        _scanner = new Scanner(Console.OpenStandardInput());
        Solve();
        Console.Out.Flush();
    }
}

public static partial class Extentions
{
}

#region Library
public class Scanner
{
    private readonly Stream _stream;
    private const int _bufferSize = 1024;
    private readonly byte[] _buf = new byte[_bufferSize];
    private int _len, _ptr;

    public Scanner(Stream stream)
    {
        _stream = stream;
    }

    public byte ReadByte()
    {
        if (_ptr >= _len) { _len = _stream.Read(_buf, 0, 1024); _ptr = 0; }
        return _buf[_ptr++];
    }

    public char ReadChar() => (char)ReadByte();

    public string ReadLine()
    {
        var r = new StringBuilder();
        if (_ptr == 0) r.Append(ReadChar());
        for (; _ptr < _len; _ptr++) r.Append((char)_buf[_ptr]);
        return r.ToString();
    }

    public char NextChar() => char.Parse(NextString());

    public string NextString()
    {
        var r = new StringBuilder();
        var b = ReadChar();
        while (b != ' ' && b != '\n') { r.Append(b); b = ReadChar(); }
        return r.ToString();
    }

    public int NextInt() => (int)NextLong();

    public long NextLong()
    {
        var r = 0L;
        var b = ReadByte();
        var n = b == '-';
        if (n) b = ReadByte();
        while (b != ' ' && b != '\n') { r = r * 10 + b - '0'; b = ReadByte(); }
        return n ? -r : r;
    }

    public BigInteger NextBigInteger()
    {
        var r = new BigInteger();
        var b = ReadByte();
        var n = b == '-';
        if (n) b = ReadByte();
        while (b != ' ' && b != '\n') { r = r * 10 + b - '0'; b = ReadByte(); }
        return n ? -r : r;
    }

    public double NextDouble()
    {
        var i = 0L;
        var b = ReadByte();
        var n = b == '-';
        if (n) b = ReadByte();
        while (b != '.' && b != ' ' && b != '\n') { i = i * 10 + b - '0'; b = ReadByte(); }
        if (b != '.') return n ? -i : i;
        b = ReadByte();
        var f = 0L;
        var p = 0;
        while (b != ' ' && b != '\n') { f = f * 10 + b - '0'; b = ReadByte(); p++; }
        var r = i + (double)f / Pow(10, p);
        return n ? -r : r;
    }

    public decimal NextDecimal() => decimal.Parse(NextString());

    public T Next<T>(Func<string, T> parser) => parser(NextString());
}

[DebuggerStepThrough]
public static partial class Extentions
{
    public static void Assert(bool condition)
    {
        if (!condition) throw new Exception("Assertion failed");
    }

    public static string AsString(this IEnumerable<char> source) => new string(source.ToArray());

    public static void ForEach<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Action<T> action)
    {
        foreach (var item in source) action(item);
    }

    public static void ForEach<T, _>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, _> func)
    {
        foreach (var item in source) func(item);
    }

    public static void ForEach<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Action<T, int> action)
    {
        var i = 0;
        foreach (var item in source) action(item, i++);
    }

    public static void ForEach<T, _>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, int, _> func)
    {
        var i = 0;
        foreach (var item in source) func(item, i++);
    }

    public static T Iterate<T>(int count, T seed, Func<T, T> func)
    {
        var r = seed;
        Repeat(count, () => { r = func(r); });
        return r;
    }

    public static void Repeat(int count, Action action)
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) action();
    }

    public static void Repeat(int count, Action<int> action)
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) action(i);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(Func<T> func)
    {
        for (var i = 0; ; i++) yield return func();
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(int count, Func<T> func)
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) yield return func();
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(Func<int, T> func)
    {
        for (var i = 0; ; i++) yield return func(i);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(int count, Func<int, T> func)
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) yield return func(i);
    }

    public static void Swap<T>(ref T x, ref T y)
    {
        var tmp = x; x = y; y = tmp;
    }
}

[DebuggerStepThrough]
public static class MathExtensions
{
    public static int Gcd(int left, int right)
    {
        int r;
        while ((r = left % right) != 0) { left = right; right = r; }
        return right;
    }

    public static long Gcd(long left, long right)
    {
        long r;
        while ((r = left % right) != 0L) { left = right; right = r; }
        return right;
    }

    public static BigInteger Gcd(BigInteger left, BigInteger right)
        => BigInteger.GreatestCommonDivisor(left, right);

    public static int HighestOneBit(int x)
    {
        x |= x >> 01;
        x |= x >> 02;
        x |= x >> 04;
        x |= x >> 08;
        x |= x >> 16;
        return x - (x >> 1);
    }

    public static long HighestOneBit(long x)
    {
        x |= x >> 01;
        x |= x >> 02;
        x |= x >> 04;
        x |= x >> 08;
        x |= x >> 16;
        x |= x >> 32;
        return x - (x >> 1);
    }

    public static int Lcm(int left, int right) => left / Gcd(left, right) * right;

    public static long Lcm(long left, long right) => left / Gcd(left, right) * right;

    public static BigInteger Lcm(BigInteger left, BigInteger right)
        => left / Gcd(left, right) * right;

    public static int Pow(int value, int exponent)
    {
        var r = 1;
        while (exponent > 0)
        {
            if ((exponent & 1) == 1) r *= value;
            value *= value;
            exponent >>= 1;
        }
        return r;
    }

    public static long Pow(long value, int exponent)
    {
        var r = 1L;
        while (exponent > 0)
        {
            if ((exponent & 1) == 1) r *= value;
            value *= value;
            exponent >>= 1;
        }
        return r;
    }

    public static long Fact(int value)
    {
        var r = 1L;
        for (var i = 2; i <= value; i++) r *= i;
        return r;
    }
}
#endregion