Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Math;
using static System.Console;
using System.Text;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        solve();
    }
    static Scanner cin;
    static int N;

    static void input()
    {
        cin = new Scanner();
        N = cin.nextInt();
    }
    static void solve()
    {
        input();

        if (N == 1)
            WriteLine(0);
        else
        {
            WriteLine(((long)N - 1) * N / 2);
        }
    }
    class Scanner
    {
        string[] s;
        int i;

        char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };

        public Scanner()
        {
            s = new string[0];
            i = 0;
        }
        
        public string next()
        {
            if (i < s.Length) return s[i++];
            string st = Console.ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = Console.ReadLine();
            s = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            if (s.Length == 0) return next();
            i = 0;
            return s[i++];
        }

        public int nextInt()
        {
            return int.Parse(next());
        }

        public int[] ArrayInt(int N, int add = 0)
        {
            int[] Array = new int[N];
            for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextInt() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public long nextLong()
        {
            return long.Parse(next());
        }

        public long[] ArrayLong(int N, long add = 0)
        {
            long[] Array = new long[N];
            for(int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextLong() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public double nextDouble()
        {
            return double.Parse(next());
        }

        public double[] ArrayDounble(int N, int add = 0)
        {
            double[] Array = new double[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextDouble() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }
    }
}