Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

You are given an integer L. Construct a directed graph that satisfies the conditions below. The graph may contain multiple edges between the same pair of vertices. It can be proved that such a graph always exists.

The number of vertices, N, is at most 20. The vertices are given ID numbers from 1 to N.

The number of edges, M, is at most 60. Each edge has an integer length between 0 and 10^6 (inclusive).

Every edge is directed from the vertex with the smaller ID to the vertex with the larger ID. That is, 1,2,...,N is one possible topological order of the vertices.

There are exactly L different paths from Vertex 1 to Vertex N. The lengths of these paths are all different, and they are integers between 0 and L-1.

Here, the length of a path is the sum of the lengths of the edges contained in that path, and two paths are considered different when the sets of the edges contained in those paths are different.

Constraints

2 \leq L \leq 10^6

L is an integer.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

L

Output

In the first line, print N and M, the number of the vertices and edges in your graph.
In the i-th of the following M lines, print three integers u_i,v_i and w_i, representing the starting vertex, the ending vertex and the length of the i-th edge.
If there are multiple solutions, any of them will be accepted.

Sample Input 1

4

Sample Output 1

8 10
1 2 0
2 3 0
3 4 0
1 5 0
2 6 0
3 7 0
4 8 0
5 6 1
6 7 1
7 8 1

In the graph represented by the sample output, there are four paths from Vertex 1 to N=8:

1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 8 with length 0

1 → 2 → 3 → 7 → 8 with length 1

1 → 2 → 6 → 7 → 8 with length 2

1 → 5 → 6 → 7 → 8 with length 3

There are other possible solutions.

Sample Input 2

5

Sample Output 2

5 7
1 2 0
2 3 1
3 4 0
4 5 0
2 4 0
1 3 3
3 5 1

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;

using E = System.Linq.Enumerable;

internal partial class Solver {
    struct Edge {
        public int from, to, len;
    }
    public void Run() {
        var l = ni();
        int m = 0;
        while ((1 << (m + 1)) - 1 < l) {
            m++;
        }
        var ans = new List<Edge>();
        int maxL = (1 << m) - 1;
        long rem = l - 1 - maxL;

        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            ans.Add(new Edge { from = i, to = i + 1, len = 0 });
            ans.Add(new Edge { from = i, to = i + 1, len = 1 << i });
        }

        for (int i = m - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            var pattern = 1 << i;
            // cost + (0..pattern)
            if (pattern <= rem) {
                ans.Add(new Edge { from = i, to = m, len = maxL + 1 });
                rem -= pattern;
                maxL += pattern;
            }
        }
        //new { rem }.Dump();
        cout.WriteLine("{0} {1}", m + 1, ans.Count);
        foreach (var e in ans) {
            cout.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", e.from + 1, e.to + 1, e.len);
        }
    }
}

// PREWRITEN CODE BEGINS FROM HERE
internal partial class Solver : Scanner {
    public static void Main(string[] args) {
#if LOCAL
        byte[] inputBuffer = new byte[1000000];
        var inputStream = Console.OpenStandardInput(inputBuffer.Length);
        using (var reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, Console.InputEncoding, false, inputBuffer.Length)) {
            Console.SetIn(reader);
            new Solver(Console.In, Console.Out).Run();
        }
#else
        Console.SetOut(new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false });
        new Solver(Console.In, Console.Out).Run();
        Console.Out.Flush();
#endif
    }

#pragma warning disable IDE0052
    private readonly TextReader cin;
    private readonly TextWriter cout;
#pragma warning restore IDE0052

    public Solver(TextReader reader, TextWriter writer)
        : base(reader) {
        cin = reader;
        cout = writer;
    }
    public Solver(string input, TextWriter writer)
        : this(new StringReader(input), writer) {
    }

#pragma warning disable IDE1006
#pragma warning disable IDE0051
    private int ni() { return NextInt(); }
    private int[] ni(int n) { return NextIntArray(n); }
    private long nl() { return NextLong(); }
    private long[] nl(int n) { return NextLongArray(n); }
    private double nd() { return NextDouble(); }
    private double[] nd(int n) { return NextDoubleArray(n); }
    private string ns() { return Next(); }
    private string[] ns(int n) { return NextArray(n); }
#pragma warning restore IDE1006
#pragma warning restore IDE0051
}

internal static class LinqPadExtension {
    [Conditional("DEBUG")]
    public static void Dump<T>(this T obj) {
#if DEBUG
        LINQPad.Extensions.Dump(obj);
#endif
    }
}

public class Scanner {
    private readonly TextReader Reader;
    private readonly Queue<string> TokenQueue = new Queue<string>();
    private readonly CultureInfo ci = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;

    public Scanner()
        : this(Console.In) {
    }

    public Scanner(TextReader reader) {
        Reader = reader;
    }

    public int NextInt() { return int.Parse(Next(), ci); }
    public long NextLong() { return long.Parse(Next(), ci); }
    public double NextDouble() { return double.Parse(Next(), ci); }
    public string[] NextArray(int size) {
        string[] array = new string[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = Next();
        }

        return array;
    }
    public int[] NextIntArray(int size) {
        int[] array = new int[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = NextInt();
        }

        return array;
    }

    public long[] NextLongArray(int size) {
        long[] array = new long[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = NextLong();
        }

        return array;
    }

    public double[] NextDoubleArray(int size) {
        double[] array = new double[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = NextDouble();
        }

        return array;
    }

    public string Next() {
        if (TokenQueue.Count == 0) {
            if (!StockTokens()) {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
        return TokenQueue.Dequeue();
    }

    public bool HasNext() {
        if (TokenQueue.Count > 0) {
            return true;
        }

        return StockTokens();
    }

    private static readonly char[] _separator = new[] { ' ', '\t' };
    private bool StockTokens() {
        while (true) {
            string line = Reader.ReadLine();
            if (line == null) {
                return false;
            }

            string[] tokens = line.Split(_separator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            if (tokens.Length == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            foreach (string token in tokens) {
                TokenQueue.Enqueue(token);
            }

            return true;
        }
    }
}