Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

There are N Snuke Cats numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N, where N is even.

Each Snuke Cat wears a red scarf, on which his favorite non-negative integer is written.

Recently, they learned the operation called xor (exclusive OR).

What is xor?

For n non-negative integers x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n, their xor, x_1~\textrm{xor}~x_2~\textrm{xor}~\ldots~\textrm{xor}~x_n is defined as follows:

When x_1~\textrm{xor}~x_2~\textrm{xor}~\ldots~\textrm{xor}~x_n is written in base two, the digit in the 2^k's place (k \geq 0) is 1 if the number of integers among x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n whose binary representations have 1 in the 2^k's place is odd, and 0 if that count is even.

For example, 3~\textrm{xor}~5 = 6.

They wanted to use this operation quickly, so each of them calculated the xor of the integers written on their scarfs except his scarf.

We know that the xor calculated by Snuke Cat i, that is, the xor of the integers written on the scarfs except the scarf of Snuke Cat i is a_i.
Using this information, restore the integer written on the scarf of each Snuke Cat.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 200000

N is even.

0 \leq a_i \leq 10^9

There exists a combination of integers on the scarfs that is consistent with the given information.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 \ldots a_N

Output

Print a line containing N integers separated with space.

The i-th of the integers from the left should represent the integer written on the scarf of Snuke Cat i.

If there are multiple possible solutions, you may print any of them.

Sample Input 1

4
20 11 9 24

Sample Output 1

26 5 7 22

5~\textrm{xor}~7~\textrm{xor}~22 = 20

26~\textrm{xor}~7~\textrm{xor}~22 = 11

26~\textrm{xor}~5~\textrm{xor}~22 = 9

26~\textrm{xor}~5~\textrm{xor}~7 = 24

Thus, this output is consistent with the given information.

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Reflection.Metadata.Ecma335;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace AtCoder
{
	public class Program
	{
		static void Main()
		{
			var cin = new Scanner();
			int n = cin.Int();
			var a = cin.ArrayInt(n);

			int all = a[0];
			for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
				all ^= a[i];
			}

			var ans = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				ans[i] = all ^ a[i];
			}

			Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", ans));
		}
	}

	public struct ModInt
	{
		private const long P = 1000000007;
		//private const long P = 998244353;

		public static ModInt Inverse(ModInt value) => Pow(value, P - 2);
		public static ModInt Pow(ModInt value, long k) => Pow(value.value_, k);
		public static ModInt Pow(long value, long k)
		{
			long ret = 1;
			for (k %= P - 1; k > 0; k >>= 1, value = value * value % P) {
				if ((k & 1) == 1) {
					ret = ret * value % P;
				}
			}
			return new ModInt(ret);
		}

		private long value_;

		public ModInt(long value) 
			=> value_ = value;
		public ModInt(long value, bool mods)
		{
			if (mods) {
				value %= P;
				if (value < 0) {
					value += P;
				}
			}

			value_ = value;
		}

		public static ModInt operator +(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			lhs.value_ = (lhs.value_ + rhs.value_) % P;
			return lhs;
		}
		public static ModInt operator +(long lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			rhs.value_ = (lhs + rhs.value_) % P;
			return rhs;
		}
		public static ModInt operator +(ModInt lhs, long rhs)
		{
			lhs.value_ = (lhs.value_ + rhs) % P;
			return lhs;
		}

		public static ModInt operator -(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			lhs.value_ = (P + lhs.value_ - rhs.value_) % P;
			return lhs;
		}
		public static ModInt operator -(long lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			rhs.value_ = (P + lhs - rhs.value_) % P;
			return rhs;
		}
		public static ModInt operator -(ModInt lhs, long rhs)
		{
			lhs.value_ = (P + lhs.value_ - rhs) % P;
			return lhs;
		}

		public static ModInt operator *(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			lhs.value_ = lhs.value_ * rhs.value_ % P;
			return lhs;
		}
		public static ModInt operator *(long lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			rhs.value_ = lhs * rhs.value_ % P;
			return rhs;
		}
		public static ModInt operator *(ModInt lhs, long rhs)
		{
			lhs.value_ = lhs.value_ * rhs % P;
			return lhs;
		}

		public static ModInt operator /(ModInt lhs, ModInt rhs)
		{
			long exp = P - 2;
			while (exp > 0) {
				if (exp % 2 > 0) {
					lhs *= rhs;
				}

				rhs *= rhs;
				exp /= 2;
			}

			return lhs;
		}

		public static implicit operator ModInt(long n) => new ModInt(n, true);
		public long ToLong() => value_;
		public override string ToString() => value_.ToString();
	}

	public class HashMap<TKey, TValue> : Dictionary<TKey, TValue>
	{
		private readonly Func<TKey, TValue> initialzier_;
		public HashMap(Func<TKey, TValue> initialzier)
			: base()
		{
			initialzier_ = initialzier;
		}

		public HashMap(Func<TKey, TValue> initialzier, int capacity)
			: base(capacity)
		{
			initialzier_ = initialzier;
		}

		new public TValue this[TKey key]
		{
			get
			{
				if (ContainsKey(key) == false) {
					base[key] = initialzier_(key);
				}

				return base[key];
			}

			set { base[key] = value; }
		}
	}

	public static class Helper
	{
		public static void UpdateMin<T>(ref T target, T value) where T : IComparable<T>
			=> target = target.CompareTo(value) > 0 ? value : target;

		public static void UpdateMin<T>(ref T target, T value, Action<T> onUpdated) where T : IComparable<T>
		{
			if (target.CompareTo(value) > 0) {
				target = value;
				onUpdated(value);
			}
		}

		public static void UpdateMax<T>(ref T target, T value) where T : IComparable<T>
			=> target = target.CompareTo(value) < 0 ? value : target;
		public static void UpdateMax<T>(ref T target, T value, Action<T> onUpdated) where T : IComparable<T>
		{
			if (target.CompareTo(value) < 0) {
				target = value;
				onUpdated(value);
			}
		}

		public static T[] Array<T>(int n, Func<int, T> init)
			=> Enumerable.Range(0, n).Select(x => init(x)).ToArray();
		public static List<T> List<T>(int n, Func<int, T> init)
			=> Enumerable.Range(0, n).Select(x => init(x)).ToList();
		public static T[,] Array2<T>(int n, int m, T init)
		{
			var array = new T[n, m];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
					array[i, j] = init;
				}
			}

			return array;
		}

		public static T[,] Array2<T>(int n, int m, Func<int, int, T> initializer)
		{
			var array = new T[n, m];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
					array[i, j] = initializer(i, j);
				}
			}

			return array;
		}

		public static T[,,] Array3<T>(int n1, int n2, int n3, T init)
		{
			var array = new T[n1, n2, n3];
			for (int i1 = 0; i1 < n1; i1++) {
				for (int i2 = 0; i2 < n2; i2++) {
					for (int i3 = 0; i3 < n3; i3++) {
						array[i1, i2, i3] = init;
					}
				}
			}

			return array;
		}

		private static readonly int[] delta4_ = { 1, 0, -1, 0, 1 };
		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
		public static void DoAt4(int i, int j, int imax, int jmax, Action<int, int> action)
		{
			for (int dn = 0; dn < 4; dn++) {
				int d4i = i + delta4_[dn];
				int d4j = j + delta4_[dn + 1];
				if ((uint)d4i < (uint)imax && (uint)d4j < (uint)jmax) {
					action(d4i, d4j);
				}
			}
		}

		private static readonly int[] delta8_ = { 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1 };
		[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
		public static void DoAt8(int i, int j, int imax, int jmax, Action<int, int> action)
		{
			for (int dn = 0; dn < 8; dn++) {
				int d8i = i + delta8_[dn];
				int d8j = j + delta8_[dn + 1];
				if ((uint)d8i < (uint)imax && (uint)d8j < (uint)jmax) {
					action(d8i, d8j);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	public class Scanner
	{
		private readonly char[] delimiter_ = new char[] { ' ' };
		private readonly string filePath_;
		private readonly Func<string> reader_;
		private string[] buf_;
		private int index_;

		public Scanner(string file = "")
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(file)) {
				reader_ = Console.ReadLine;
			} else {
				filePath_ = file;
				var fs = new StreamReader(file);
				reader_ = fs.ReadLine;
			}
			buf_ = new string[0];
			index_ = 0;
		}

		public string NextLine() => reader_();
		public string Next()
		{
			if (index_ < buf_.Length) {
				return buf_[index_++];
			}

			string st = reader_();
			while (st == "") {
				st = reader_();
			}

			buf_ = st.Split(delimiter_, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
			if (buf_.Length == 0) {
				return Next();
			}

			index_ = 0;
			return buf_[index_++];
		}

		public int Int() => int.Parse(Next());
		public long Long() => long.Parse(Next());
		public double Double() => double.Parse(Next());

		public int[] ArrayInt(int N, int add = 0)
		{
			int[] Array = new int[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				Array[i] = Int() + add;
			}
			return Array;
		}

		public long[] ArrayLong(int N, long add = 0)
		{
			long[] Array = new long[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				Array[i] = Long() + add;
			}
			return Array;
		}

		public double[] ArrayDouble(int N, double add = 0)
		{
			double[] Array = new double[N];
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
				Array[i] = Double() + add;
			}
			return Array;
		}

		public void Save(string text)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(filePath_)) {
				return;
			}

			File.WriteAllText(filePath_ + "_output.txt", text);
		}
	}
}