Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

Along a road running in an east-west direction, there are A shrines and B temples.
The i-th shrine from the west is located at a distance of s_i meters from the west end of the road, and the i-th temple from the west is located at a distance of t_i meters from the west end of the road.

Answer the following Q queries:

Query i (1 \leq i \leq Q): If we start from a point at a distance of x_i meters from the west end of the road and freely travel along the road, what is the minimum distance that needs to be traveled in order to visit one shrine and one temple? (It is allowed to pass by more shrines and temples than required.)

Constraints

1 \leq A, B \leq 10^5

1 \leq Q \leq 10^5

1 \leq s_1 < s_2 < ... < s_A \leq 10^{10}

1 \leq t_1 < t_2 < ... < t_B \leq 10^{10}

1 \leq x_i \leq 10^{10}

s_1, ..., s_A, t_1, ..., t_B, x_1, ..., x_Q are all different.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B Q
s_1
:
s_A
t_1
:
t_B
x_1
:
x_Q

Output

Print Q lines. The i-th line should contain the answer to the i-th query.

Sample Input 1

2 3 4
100
600
400
900
1000
150
2000
899
799

Sample Output 1

350
1400
301
399

There are two shrines and three temples. The shrines are located at distances of 100, 600 meters from the west end of the road, and the temples are located at distances of 400, 900, 1000 meters from the west end of the road.

Query 1: If we start from a point at a distance of 150 meters from the west end of the road, the optimal move is first to walk 50 meters west to visit a shrine, then to walk 300 meters east to visit a temple.

Query 2: If we start from a point at a distance of 2000 meters from the west end of the road, the optimal move is first to walk 1000 meters west to visit a temple, then to walk 400 meters west to visit a shrine. We will pass by another temple on the way, but it is fine.

Query 3: If we start from a point at a distance of 899 meters from the west end of the road, the optimal move is first to walk 1 meter east to visit a temple, then to walk 300 meters west to visit a shrine.

Query 4: If we start from a point at a distance of 799 meters from the west end of the road, the optimal move is first to walk 199 meters west to visit a shrine, then to walk 200 meters west to visit a temple.

Sample Input 2

1 1 3
1
10000000000
2
9999999999
5000000000

Sample Output 2

10000000000
10000000000
14999999998

The road is quite long, and we may need to travel a distance that does not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#region いつもの
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using AtCoderProject.Reader;
using IEnumerable = System.Collections.IEnumerable;
using IEnumerator = System.Collections.IEnumerator;
using BigInteger = System.Numerics.BigInteger;
using StringBuilder = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using static AtCoderProject.Global;
using static AtCoderProject.NumGlobal;

namespace AtCoderProject
{
    public static class Global
    {
        public static void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) { T tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
        public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, T value) => new T[len0].Fill(value);
        public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = factory();
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        private class ComparerReverseImpl<T> : Comparer<T> where T : IComparable<T> { public override int Compare(T y, T x) => x.CompareTo(y); public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj != null && GetType() == obj.GetType(); public override int GetHashCode() => GetType().GetHashCode(); }
        public static IComparer<T> ComparerReverse<T>() where T : IComparable<T> => new ComparerReverseImpl<T>();
        public static string AllLines<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) => string.Join("\n", source);
        public static string AllJoin<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) => string.Join(" ", source);
        public static string AllGrid<T>(IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> source) => AllLines(source.Select(AllJoin));
        public static bool UpdateMax(ref int r, int val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMax(ref long r, long val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMin(ref int r, int val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMin(ref long r, long val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
    }
    public static class NumGlobal
    {
        public static int Pow(int x, int y)
        {
            int res = 1;
            for (; y > 0; y >>= 1)
            {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) res *= x;
                x *= x;
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static BigInteger ParseBigInteger(string s)
        {
            /* 自前実装の方が速い */
            var res = BigInteger.Zero;
            var splited = new string[(s.Length + 7) / 8];
            for (var i = 0; i < splited.Length - 1; i++)
            {
                splited[i] = s.Substring(8 * i, 8);
            }
            splited[splited.Length - 1] = s.Substring(8 * (splited.Length - 1));
            foreach (var sp in splited)
            {
                res *= (int)Math.Pow(10, sp.Length);
                res += int.Parse(sp);
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static int BitCount(int x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x55555555; x = (x & 0x33333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x33333333); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; return x & 0x3f; }
        public static int BitCount(long x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555; x = (x & 0x3333333333333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; x += x >> 32; return (int)(x & 0x0000007f); }
        public static int MSB(int x) { x |= x >> 1; x |= x >> 2; x |= x >> 4; x |= x >> 8; x |= x >> 16; return BitCount(x) - 1; }
        public static int MSB(long x) { x |= x >> 1; x |= x >> 2; x |= x >> 4; x |= x >> 8; x |= x >> 16; x |= x >> 32; return BitCount(x) - 1; }
        public static int LSB(int x) { x |= x << 1; x |= x << 2; x |= x << 4; x |= x << 8; x |= x << 16; return 32 - BitCount(x); }
        public static int LSB(long x) { x |= x << 1; x |= x << 2; x |= x << 4; x |= x << 8; x |= x << 16; x |= x << 32; return 64 - BitCount(x); }
    }
    public static class Ext
    {
        public static long ToLong(this int i) => i;
        public static T[] Fill<T>(this T[] arr, T value)
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = value;
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Sort(arr); return arr; }
        public static string[] Sort(this string[] arr) => Sort(arr, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        public static T[] Sort<T, U>(this T[] arr, Func<T, U> selector) where U : IComparable<U> => Sort(arr, (a, b) => selector(a).CompareTo(selector(b)));
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, Comparison<T> comparison) { Array.Sort(arr, comparison); return arr; }
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, IComparer<T> comparer) { Array.Sort(arr, comparer); return arr; }
        public static T[] Reverse<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Reverse(arr); return arr; }
        public static Tuple<int, T> MaxBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            T max = arr[0];
            int maxIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (max.CompareTo(arr[i]) < 0)
                {
                    max = arr[i];
                    maxIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(maxIndex, max);
        }
        public static Tuple<TSource, TMax> MaxBy<TSource, TMax>
            (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMax> maxBySelector)
            where TMax : IComparable<TMax>
        {
            TMax max;
            TSource maxByItem;

            var e = source.GetEnumerator();
            e.MoveNext();
            maxByItem = e.Current;
            max = maxBySelector(maxByItem);
            while (e.MoveNext())
            {
                var item = e.Current;
                var next = maxBySelector(item);
                if (max.CompareTo(next) < 0)
                {
                    max = next;
                    maxByItem = item;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(maxByItem, max);
        }
        public static Tuple<int, T> MinBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            T min = arr[0];
            int minIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (min.CompareTo(arr[i]) > 0)
                {
                    min = arr[i];
                    minIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(minIndex, min);
        }
        public static Tuple<TSource, TMin> MinBy<TSource, TMin>
            (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMin> minBySelector)
            where TMin : IComparable<TMin>
        {
            TMin min;
            TSource minByItem;

            var e = source.GetEnumerator();
            e.MoveNext();
            minByItem = e.Current;
            min = minBySelector(minByItem);
            while (e.MoveNext())
            {
                var item = e.Current;
                var next = minBySelector(item);
                if (min.CompareTo(next) > 0)
                {
                    min = next;
                    minByItem = item;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(minByItem, min);
        }
        public static IEnumerable<TSource> Append<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource element)
        {
            foreach (var item in source)
                yield return item;
            yield return element;
        }
        public static IEnumerable<TSource> Prepend<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource element)
        {
            yield return element;
            foreach (var item in source)
                yield return item;
        }
        public static IComparer<T> Reverse<T>(this IComparer<T> comparer) => Comparer<T>.Create((x, y) => comparer.Compare(y, x));
        public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => source.GroupBy(keySelector).ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.Count());
        public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TKey>(this IEnumerable<TKey> source) => source.GroupCount(i => i);
        public static TValue Get<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key)
        {
            TValue v;
            dic.TryGetValue(key, out v);
            return v;
        }
        public static TValue GetOrInit<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key, TValue value)
        {
            TValue v;
            if (dic.TryGetValue(key, out v))
                return v;
            return dic[key] = value;
        }
    }
    public class ΔDebugView<T> { private IEnumerable<T> collection; public ΔDebugView(IEnumerable<T> collection) { if (collection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection)); this.collection = collection; }[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] public T[] Items => collection.ToArray(); }
}
namespace AtCoderProject.Reader
{
    using System.IO;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    [DebuggerStepThrough]
    public class ConsoleReader
    {
        const int BufSize = 1 << 12;
        private readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[BufSize];
        private readonly Stream input;
        private readonly Encoding encoding;
        private int pos = 0;
        private int len = 0;
        public ConsoleReader(Stream input, Encoding encoding) { this.input = input; this.encoding = encoding; }
        public ConsoleReader(Stream input) : this(input, Encoding.UTF8) { }
        public ConsoleReader(string text) : this(new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text))) { }
        private void MoveNext() { if (++pos >= len) { len = input.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (len == 0) { buffer[0] = 10; } pos = 0; } }

        public int Int
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                int res = 0;
                bool neg = false;
                while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); }
                do { res = checked(res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48)); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]);
                return neg ? -res : res;
            }
        }
        public int Int0 => this.Int - 1;
        public long Long
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                long res = 0;
                bool neg = false;
                while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); }
                do { res = res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]);
                return neg ? -res : res;
            }
        }
        public long Long0 => this.Long - 1;
        public string String
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new List<byte>();
                while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]);
                return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray());
            }
        }
        public string Ascii
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new StringBuilder();
                while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Append((char)buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]);
                return sb.ToString();
            }
        }
        public string Line
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new List<byte>();
                while (buffer[pos] < 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (buffer[pos] != 10 && buffer[pos] != 13);
                return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray());
            }
        }
        public double Double => double.Parse(this.Ascii);

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public struct RepeatReader
        {
            ConsoleReader cr;
            int count;
            public RepeatReader(ConsoleReader cr, int count) { this.cr = cr; this.count = count; }
            public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr); return arr; }
            public string[] Line { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Line; return arr; } }
            public string[] String { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.String; return arr; } }
            public string[] Ascii { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Ascii; return arr; } }
            public int[] Int { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int; return arr; } }
            public int[] Int0 { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int0; return arr; } }
            public long[] Long { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long; return arr; } }
            public long[] Long0 { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long0; return arr; } }
            public double[] Double { get { var arr = new double[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Double; return arr; } }

            public static implicit operator int[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Int;
            public static implicit operator long[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Long;
            public static implicit operator double[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Double;
            public static implicit operator string[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Ascii;
        }
        public RepeatReader Repeat(int count) => new RepeatReader(this, count);

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public struct SplitReader
        {
            ConsoleReader cr;
            public SplitReader(ConsoleReader cr) { this.cr = cr; }
            public string[] String { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.String); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public string[] Ascii { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Ascii); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public int[] Int { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public int[] Int0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public long[] Long { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public long[] Long0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public double[] Double { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<double>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Double); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }

            public static implicit operator int[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Int;
            public static implicit operator long[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Long;
            public static implicit operator double[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Double;
            public static implicit operator string[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Ascii;
        }
        public SplitReader Split => new SplitReader(this);

        public static implicit operator int(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Int;
        public static implicit operator long(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Long;
        public static implicit operator double(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Double;
        public static implicit operator string(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Ascii;
    }
}
public class Program
{
    [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] private ConsoleReader cr;

    public Program(ConsoleReader consoleReader) { this.cr = consoleReader; }
    static void Main() => Console.WriteLine(new Program(new ConsoleReader(Console.OpenStandardInput())).Result());
    #endregion
    public string Result() { var obj = Calc(); if (obj is bool) return (bool)obj ? "Heisei" : "TBD"; if (obj is double) return ((double)obj).ToString("0.####################"); return obj.ToString(); }
    private object Calc()
    {
        A = cr;
        B = cr;
        Q = cr;
        s = cr.Repeat(A);
        t = cr.Repeat(B);
        x = cr.Repeat(Q);
        return AllLines(x.Select(Calc));
    }
    long Calc(long x)
    {
        var si = s.LowerBound(x);
        var ti = t.LowerBound(x);
        long min = long.MaxValue;
        if (si < s.Length && ti < t.Length)
            UpdateMin(ref min, Math.Max(s[si], t[ti]) - x);
        if (si > 0 && ti > 0)
            UpdateMin(ref min, x - Math.Min(s[si - 1], t[ti - 1]));
        if (si > 0 && ti < t.Length)
            UpdateMin(ref min, t[ti] - s[si - 1] + Math.Min(x - s[si - 1], t[ti] - x));
        if (ti > 0 && si < s.Length)
            UpdateMin(ref min, s[si] - t[ti - 1] + Math.Min(x - t[ti - 1], s[si] - x));
        return min;
    }

    int A;
    int B;
    int Q;
    long[] s;
    long[] t;
    long[] x;
}

static class 二分探索
{
    public static int BinarySearch(int ok, int ng, Predicate<int> isOK)
    {
        while (Math.Abs(ok - ng) > 1)
        {
            var m = (ok + ng) / 2;
            if (isOK(m)) ok = m;
            else ng = m;
        }
        return ok;
    }



    /* https://bitbucket.org/camypaper/complib/src/master/lib/Algorithms/BinarySearch.cs */
    /**
     * <summary>
     * 与えられた比較関数に従って，<paramref name="a"/> の要素のうち，<paramref name="v"/> 以上の要素であるような最小のインデックスを取得します．
     * </summary>
     * <typeparam name="T"><see cref="IList{T}"/> の要素の型を指定します．</typeparam>
     * <param name="a">対象となるコレクション</param>
     * <param name="v">対象となる要素</param>
     * <param name="f"></param>
     * <returns><paramref name="v"/> 以上の要素であるような最小の o-indexed でのインデックス．</returns>
     * <remarks> <paramref name="a"/> は比較関数に対して昇順であることを仮定しています．この関数は O(log N) で実行されます．</remarks>
    */
    public static int LowerBound<T>(this IList<T> a, T v, Comparison<T> f) => BinarySearch(a, v, Comparer<T>.Create(f), true);

    /**
     * <summary>
     *　デフォルトの比較関数に従って，<paramref name="a"/> の要素のうち，<paramref name="v"/> 以上の要素であるような最小のインデックスを取得します．
     * </summary>
     * <typeparam name="T"><see cref="IList{T}"/> の要素の型を指定します．</typeparam>
     * <param name="a">対象となるコレクション</param>
     * <param name="v">対象となる要素</param>
     * <param name="f"></param>
     * <returns><paramref name="v"/> 以上の要素であるような最小の o-indexed でのインデックス．</returns>
     * <remarks> <paramref name="a"/> は比較関数に対して昇順であることを仮定しています．この関数は O(log N) で実行されます．</remarks>
    */
    public static int LowerBound<T>(this IList<T> a, T v) => BinarySearch(a, v, Comparer<T>.Default, true);

    /**
     * <summary>
     * 与えられた比較関数に従って，<paramref name="a"/> の要素のうち，<paramref name="v"/> より真に大きい要素が現れる最小のインデックスを取得します．
     * </summary>
     * <typeparam name="T"><see cref="IList{T}"/> の要素の型を指定します．</typeparam>
     * <param name="a">対象となるコレクション</param>
     * <param name="v">対象となる要素</param>
     * <param name="f"></param>
     * <returns><paramref name="v"/> 以上の要素であるような最小の o-indexed でのインデックス．</returns>
     * <remarks> <paramref name="a"/> は比較関数に対して昇順であることを仮定しています．この関数は O(log N) で実行されます．</remarks>
    */
    public static int UpperBound<T>(this IList<T> a, T v, Comparison<T> cmp) => BinarySearch(a, v, Comparer<T>.Create(cmp), false);

    /**
     * <summary>
     *　デフォルトの比較関数に従って，<paramref name="a"/> の要素のうち，<paramref name="v"/> より真に大きい要素が現れる最小のインデックスを取得します．
     * </summary>
     * <typeparam name="T"><see cref="IList{T}"/> の要素の型を指定します．</typeparam>
     * <param name="a">対象となるコレクション</param>
     * <param name="v">対象となる要素</param>
     * <param name="f"></param>
     * <returns><paramref name="v"/> 以上の要素であるような最小の o-indexed でのインデックス．</returns>
     * <remarks> <paramref name="a"/> は比較関数に対して昇順であることを仮定しています．この関数は O(log N) で実行されます．</remarks>
    */
    public static int UpperBound<T>(this IList<T> a, T v) => BinarySearch(a, v, Comparer<T>.Default, false);

    private static int BinarySearch<T>(IList<T> a, T v, IComparer<T> cmp, bool isLowerBound)
    {
        int ok = a.Count;
        int ng = -1;
        while (ok - ng > 1)
        {
            var m = (ok + ng) / 2;
            var c = cmp.Compare(a[m], v);
            if (c > 0 || (c == 0 && isLowerBound)) ok = m;
            else ng = m;
        }
        return ok;
    }
}