Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

using System;

namespace AtCoder
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var N = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            var S = Console.ReadLine().ToCharArray();
            var Q = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

            for (var i = 0; i < Q; i++)
            {
                var input = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');
                switch (input[0])
                {
                    case "1":
                        var n = int.Parse(input[1]) - 1;
                        S[n] = input[2].ToCharArray()[0];
                        break;
                    case "2":
                        var j = int.Parse(input[1]);
                        var k = int.Parse(input[2]);
                        var s = new string(S);
                        s = s.Substring(j - 1, k - j + 1);
                        var t = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<char, bool>();
                        foreach (var c in s.ToCharArray())
                        {
                            t[c] = true;
                        }
                        Console.WriteLine(t.Count);
                        break;
                }
            }

        }
    }
}