Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

In some other world, today is Christmas.

Mr. Takaha decides to make a multi-dimensional burger in his party. A level-L burger (L is an integer greater than or equal to 0) is the following thing:

A level-0 burger is a patty.

A level-L burger (L \geq 1) is a bun, a level-(L-1) burger, a patty, another level-(L-1) burger and another bun, stacked vertically in this order from the bottom.

For example, a level-1 burger and a level-2 burger look like BPPPB and BBPPPBPBPPPBB (rotated 90 degrees), where B and P stands for a bun and a patty.

The burger Mr. Takaha will make is a level-N burger. Lunlun the Dachshund will eat X layers from the bottom of this burger (a layer is a patty or a bun). How many patties will she eat?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 50

1 \leq X \leq ( the total number of layers in a level-N burger )

N and X are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N X

Output

Print the number of patties in the bottom-most X layers from the bottom of a level-N burger.

Sample Input 1

2 7

Sample Output 1

4

There are 4 patties in the bottom-most 7 layers of a level-2 burger (BBPPPBPBPPPBB).

Sample Input 2

1 1

Sample Output 2

0

The bottom-most layer of a level-1 burger is a bun.

Sample Input 3

50 4321098765432109

Sample Output 3

2160549382716056

A level-50 burger is rather thick, to the extent that the number of its layers does not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AtCoder
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Scanner cin = new Scanner();
            long N = cin.nextLong();
            long X = cin.nextLong();
            string burgar = "BPPPB";
            long ans = 0;

            while(N != 1)
            {
                burgar = "B" + burgar + "P" + burgar + "B";
                N--;
            }

            for(int i = 0; i < X; i++)
            {
                if (burgar[i] == 'P') ans++;
            }

            Console.WriteLine(ans);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        static void Hoge(long N, long X)
        {
            string burger = "BPPPB";
            if (N == 0) return;


        }

        static int BinarySearch<T>(T[] array, T target) where T : IComparable<T> //2分探索
        {
            int min = 0;
            int max = array.Length - 1;

            while (true)
            {
                // 範囲内に見つからなかった
                if (max < min) return -1;
                // 範囲内の中央値と比較する
                int mid = min + (max - min) / 2;
                switch (target.CompareTo(array[mid]))
                {
                    case -1:    // 中央値より小さい
                        max = mid - 1;
                        break;
                    case 1:     // 中央値より大きい
                        min = mid + 1;
                        break;
                    case 0:     // 見つかった
                        return mid;
                }
            }
        }

        static void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b)
        {
            T tmp = a;
            a = b;
            b = tmp;
        }
    }

    class Scanner //標準入力
    {
        string[] s;
        int i;

        char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };

        public Scanner()
        {
            s = new string[0];
            i = 0;
        }

        public string next()
        {
            if (i < s.Length) return s[i++];
            string st = Console.ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = Console.ReadLine();
            s = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            if (s.Length == 0) return next();
            i = 0;
            return s[i++];
        }

        public int nextInt()
        {
            return int.Parse(next());
        }
        public int[] ArrayInt(int N, int add = 0)
        {
            int[] Array = new int[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextInt() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public long nextLong()
        {
            return long.Parse(next());
        }

        public long[] ArrayLong(int N, long add = 0)
        {
            long[] Array = new long[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextLong() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public double nextDouble()
        {
            return double.Parse(next());
        }


        public double[] ArrayDouble(int N, double add = 0)
        {
            double[] Array = new double[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextDouble() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }
    }
}