Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.

You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. If we can, find the minimum number of operations required.

Choose an integer i such that 1\leq i\leq N-1. Replace the value of X_{i+1} with the value of X_i plus 1.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^9(1\leq i\leq N)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

If we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation, print the minimum number of operations required. If we cannot, print -1.

Sample Input 1

4
0
1
1
2

Sample Output 1

3

We can make X equal to A as follows:

Choose i=2. X becomes (0,0,1,0).

Choose i=1. X becomes (0,1,1,0).

Choose i=3. X becomes (0,1,1,2).

Sample Input 2

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

9
0
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
2

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.IO;
using static System.Console;
using static System.Convert;
using static System.Math;
//using Debug;
//using static System.Globalization.CultureInfo;
using System.Text;
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false };
        Console.SetOut(sw);
        Solve();
        Console.Out.Flush();
        //WriteLine(Solve());
    }
    static void Solve()
    {
        var num = Input.num;
        var ar = Input.ar1D(num);
        for(var i=0;i<num;i++)
            if (ar[i] > i) { WriteLine(-1);return; }
        var res = 0L;
        var uf = new UnionFind(num);
        for (var i = 0; i < num - 1; i++)
            if (ar[i] + 1 == ar[i + 1])
                uf.Union(i, i + 1);
        var th = new bool[num];
        for (var i=0;i<num;i++)
            if(!th[uf.Parent(i)])
            {
                th[uf.Parent(i)] = true;
                res += ar[i] + uf.Size(i) - 1;
            }
        WriteLine(res);
    }
}

public class Input
{
    public static string read => ReadLine().Trim();
    public static int[] ar => read.Split(' ').Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
    public static int num => ToInt32(read);
    public static long[] arL => read.Split(' ').Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
    public static long numL => ToInt64(read);
    public static char[][] gred(int h)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, h).Select(_ => read.ToCharArray()).ToArray();
    public static int[] ar1D(int n)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => num).ToArray();
    public static long[] arL1D(int n)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => numL).ToArray();
    public static string[] strs(int n)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => read).ToArray();
    public static int[][] ar2D(int n)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => ar).ToArray();
    public static long[][] arL2D(int n)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => arL).ToArray();
    public static List<T>[] edge<T>(int n)
        => Enumerable.Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => new List<T>()).ToArray();
    public static T getValue<T>(string g)
    {
        var t = typeof(T);
        if (t == typeof(int))
            return (T)(object)int.Parse(g);
        if (t == typeof(long))
            return (T)(object)long.Parse(g);
        if (t == typeof(string))
            return (T)(object)g;
        if (t == typeof(char))
            return (T)(object)char.Parse(g);
        if (t == typeof(double))
            return (T)(object)double.Parse(g);
        if (t == typeof(bool))
            return (T)(object)bool.Parse(g);
        return default(T);
    }
    public static void Make<T1, T2>(out T1 v1, out T2 v2)
    {
        v1 = Next<T1>();
        v2 = Next<T2>();
    }
    public static void Make<T1, T2, T3>(out T1 v1, out T2 v2, out T3 v3)
    {
        Make(out v1, out v2);
        v3 = Next<T3>();
    }
    public static void Make<T1, T2, T3, T4>(out T1 v1, out T2 v2, out T3 v3, out T4 v4)
    {
        Make(out v1, out v2, out v3);
        v4 = Next<T4>();
    }
    public static void Make<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>(out T1 v1, out T2 v2, out T3 v3, out T4 v4, out T5 v5)
    {
        Make(out v1, out v2, out v3, out v4);
        v5 = Next<T5>();
    }
    private static Queue<string> sc = new Queue<string>();
    public static T Next<T>(){ if (sc.Count == 0) foreach (var item in read.Split(' ')) sc.Enqueue(item);return getValue<T>(sc.Dequeue()); }
    public const long Inf = (long)1e18;
    public const double eps = 1e-6;
    public const string Alfa = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    public const int MOD = 1000000007;
}

public class UnionFind
{
    private int _num;
    private int[] _parent, _size, _rank;
    public UnionFind(int num)
    {
        _num = num;
        _parent = new int[num];_size = new int[num];_rank = new int[num];
        for(var i = 0; i < num; i++) { _parent[i] = i;_size[i] = 1;}
    }
    private int Find(int i)
        => i == _parent[i] ? i : (_parent[i] = Find(_parent[i]));
    public int Parent(int i)
        => Find(i);
    public int Size(int i)
        => _size[Find(i)];
    public bool Union(int v1,int v2)
    {
        v1 = Find(v1);v2 = Find(v2);
        if (v1==v2) return false;
        _num--;
        if (_rank[v1] > _rank[v2])
        {
            _parent[v2] = v1;
            _size[v1] += _size[v2];
        }
        else
        {
            _parent[v1] = v2;
            _size[v2] += _size[v1];
            if (_rank[v1] == _rank[v2])
                _rank[v2]++;
        }
        return true;
    }
    public bool IsSame(int v1, int v2)
        => Find(v1) == Find(v2);
}