Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

using System;

namespace _139d
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int N = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.WriteLine((1+N-1)*N/2);

            // long M_total = 0;
            // // float[] N_array = new float[N];
            // for(int i = 0; i < N;i++){
            //     // N_array[i] = i+1;
            //     if(i != N-1){
            //         M_total += i+1;
            //     }
            // }
            // // for(int i = 0; i < N ; i++){
            // //     if(i != N-1){
            // //         M_total += N_array[i]%N_array[i+1];
            // //     }
            // // }
            // Console.WriteLine(M_total);
        }
    }
}