Problem:
Score: 500 points

Problem Statement

We have caught N sardines. The deliciousness and fragrantness of the i-th sardine is A_i and B_i, respectively.

We will choose one or more of these sardines and put them into a cooler. However, two sardines on bad terms cannot be chosen at the same time.

The i-th and j-th sardines (i \neq j) are on bad terms if and only if A_i \cdot A_j + B_i \cdot B_j = 0.

In how many ways can we choose the set of sardines to put into the cooler? Since the count can be enormous, print it modulo 1000000007.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

-10^{18} \leq A_i, B_i \leq 10^{18}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 B_1
:
A_N B_N

Output

Print the count modulo 1000000007.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
-1 1
2 -1

Sample Output 1

5

There are five ways to choose the set of sardines, as follows:

The 1-st

The 1-st and 2-nd

The 2-nd

The 2-nd and 3-rd

The 3-rd

Sample Input 2

10
3 2
3 2
-1 1
2 -1
-3 -9
-8 12
7 7
8 1
8 2
8 4

Sample Output 2

479

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using static System.Math;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using Library;

namespace Program
{
    public static class ProblemA
    {
        static bool SAIKI = false;
        static public int numberOfRandomCases = 0;
        static public void MakeTestCase(List<string> _input, List<string> _output, ref Func<string[], bool> _outputChecker)
        {
        }
        static public void Solve()
        {
            var N = NN;
            var ABList = Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => new { A = NN, B = NN }).ToArray();
            var dic = new LIB_Dict<LIB_Fraction, int>();
            LIB_Mod ans = 1;
            var abzero = 0;
            var azero = 0;
            var bzero = 0;
            foreach (var item in ABList)
            {
                if (item.A == 0 && item.B == 0) ++abzero;
                else if (item.A == 0) ++azero;
                else if (item.B == 0) ++bzero;
                else dic[new LIB_Fraction(item.A, item.B)]++;
            }
            var done = new HashSet<LIB_Fraction>();
            foreach (var item in dic.ToArray())
            {
                if (done.Contains(item.Key)) continue;
                var tai = new LIB_Fraction(-item.Key.Denominator, item.Key.Numerator);
                done.Add(tai);
                done.Add(item.Key);
                ans *= LIB_Mod.Pow(2, item.Value) + LIB_Mod.Pow(2, dic[tai]) - 1;
            }
            ans *= LIB_Mod.Pow(2, azero) + LIB_Mod.Pow(2, bzero) - 1;
            ans += abzero;
            Console.WriteLine(ans - 1);
        }
        class Printer : StreamWriter
        {
            public override IFormatProvider FormatProvider { get { return CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; } }
            public Printer(Stream stream) : base(stream, new UTF8Encoding(false, true)) { base.AutoFlush = false; }
            public Printer(Stream stream, Encoding encoding) : base(stream, encoding) { base.AutoFlush = false; }
        }
        static LIB_FastIO fastio = new LIB_FastIODebug();
        static public void Main(string[] args) { if (args.Length == 0) { fastio = new LIB_FastIO(); Console.SetOut(new Printer(Console.OpenStandardOutput())); } if (SAIKI) { var t = new Thread(Solve, 134217728); t.Start(); t.Join(); } else Solve(); Console.Out.Flush(); }
        static long NN => fastio.Long();
        static double ND => fastio.Double();
        static string NS => fastio.Scan();
        static long[] NNList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NN).ToArray();
        static double[] NDList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => ND).ToArray();
        static string[] NSList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NS).ToArray();
        static long Count<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x, Func<T, bool> pred) => Enumerable.Count(x, pred);
        static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(T v, long n) => Enumerable.Repeat<T>(v, (int)n);
        static IEnumerable<int> Range(long s, long c) => Enumerable.Range((int)s, (int)c);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T> OrderByRand<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x) => Enumerable.OrderBy(x, _ => xorshift);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T> OrderBy<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x) => Enumerable.OrderBy(x.OrderByRand(), e => e);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T1> OrderBy<T1, T2>(this IEnumerable<T1> x, Func<T1, T2> selector) => Enumerable.OrderBy(x.OrderByRand(), selector);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T> OrderByDescending<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x) => Enumerable.OrderByDescending(x.OrderByRand(), e => e);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T1> OrderByDescending<T1, T2>(this IEnumerable<T1> x, Func<T1, T2> selector) => Enumerable.OrderByDescending(x.OrderByRand(), selector);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<string> OrderBy(this IEnumerable<string> x) => x.OrderByRand().OrderBy(e => e, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T> OrderBy<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x, Func<T, string> selector) => x.OrderByRand().OrderBy(selector, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<string> OrderByDescending(this IEnumerable<string> x) => x.OrderByRand().OrderByDescending(e => e, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        static IOrderedEnumerable<T> OrderByDescending<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x, Func<T, string> selector) => x.OrderByRand().OrderByDescending(selector, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        static uint xorshift { get { _xsi.MoveNext(); return _xsi.Current; } }
        static IEnumerator<uint> _xsi = _xsc();
        static IEnumerator<uint> _xsc() { uint x = 123456789, y = 362436069, z = 521288629, w = (uint)(DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0xffffffff); while (true) { var t = x ^ (x << 11); x = y; y = z; z = w; w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)); yield return w; } }
    }
}
namespace Library {
    class LIB_FastIO
    {
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public LIB_FastIO() { str = Console.OpenStandardInput(); }
        readonly Stream str;
        readonly byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len, ptr;
        public bool isEof = false;
        public bool IsEndOfStream
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get { return isEof; }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        byte read()
        {
            if (isEof) throw new EndOfStreamException();
            if (ptr >= len)
            {
                ptr = 0;
                if ((len = str.Read(buf, 0, 1024)) <= 0)
                {
                    isEof = true;
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            return buf[ptr++];
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        char Char()
        {
            byte b = 0;
            do b = read();
            while (b < 33 || 126 < b);
            return (char)b;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        virtual public string Scan()
        {
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (var b = Char(); b >= 33 && b <= 126; b = (char)read())
                sb.Append(b);
            return sb.ToString();
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        virtual public long Long()
        {
            long ret = 0; byte b = 0; var ng = false;
            do b = read();
            while (b != '-' && (b < '0' || '9' < b));
            if (b == '-') { ng = true; b = read(); }
            for (; true; b = read())
            {
                if (b < '0' || '9' < b)
                    return ng ? -ret : ret;
                else ret = ret * 10 + b - '0';
            }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        virtual public double Double() { return double.Parse(Scan(), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); }
    }
    class LIB_FastIODebug : LIB_FastIO
    {
        Queue<string> param = new Queue<string>();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        string NextString() { if (param.Count == 0) foreach (var item in Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')) param.Enqueue(item); return param.Dequeue(); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public LIB_FastIODebug() { }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override string Scan() => NextString();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override long Long() => long.Parse(NextString());
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override double Double() => double.Parse(NextString());
    }
    partial struct LIB_Mod : IEquatable<LIB_Mod>, IEquatable<long>
    {
        static public long _mod = 1000000007; long v;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public LIB_Mod(long x)
        {
            if (x < _mod && x >= 0) v = x;
            else if ((v = x % _mod) < 0) v += _mod;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public implicit operator LIB_Mod(long x) => new LIB_Mod(x);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public implicit operator long(LIB_Mod x) => x.v;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Add(LIB_Mod x) { if ((v += x.v) >= _mod) v -= _mod; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Sub(LIB_Mod x) { if ((v -= x.v) < 0) v += _mod; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Mul(LIB_Mod x) => v = (v * x.v) % _mod;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Div(LIB_Mod x) => v = (v * Inverse(x.v)) % _mod;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod operator +(LIB_Mod x, LIB_Mod y) { var t = x.v + y.v; return t >= _mod ? new LIB_Mod { v = t - _mod } : new LIB_Mod { v = t }; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod operator -(LIB_Mod x, LIB_Mod y) { var t = x.v - y.v; return t < 0 ? new LIB_Mod { v = t + _mod } : new LIB_Mod { v = t }; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod operator *(LIB_Mod x, LIB_Mod y) => x.v * y.v;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod operator /(LIB_Mod x, LIB_Mod y) => x.v * Inverse(y.v);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator ==(LIB_Mod x, LIB_Mod y) => x.v == y.v;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator !=(LIB_Mod x, LIB_Mod y) => x.v != y.v;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public long Inverse(long x)
        {
            long b = _mod, r = 1, u = 0, t = 0;
            while (b > 0)
            {
                var q = x / b;
                t = u;
                u = r - q * u;
                r = t;
                t = b;
                b = x - q * b;
                x = t;
            }
            return r < 0 ? r + _mod : r;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public bool Equals(LIB_Mod x) => v == x.v;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public bool Equals(long x) => v == x;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override bool Equals(object x) => x == null ? false : Equals((LIB_Mod)x);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override int GetHashCode() => v.GetHashCode();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override string ToString() => v.ToString();
        static List<LIB_Mod> _fact = new List<LIB_Mod>() { 1 };
        static long _factm = _mod;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static void B(long n)
        {
            if (_factm != _mod) _fact = new List<LIB_Mod>() { 1 };
            if (n >= _fact.Count)
                for (int i = _fact.Count; i <= n; ++i)
                    _fact.Add(_fact[i - 1] * i);
            _factm = _mod;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod Comb(long n, long k)
        {
            B(n);
            if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1;
            if (n < k || n < 0) return 0;
            return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)] / _fact[(int)k];
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod CombOK(long n, long k)
        {
            LIB_Mod ret = 1;
            for (var i = 0; i < k; i++) ret *= n - i;
            for (var i = 1; i <= k; i++) ret /= i;
            return ret;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod Perm(long n, long k)
        {
            B(n);
            if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1;
            if (n < k || n < 0) return 0;
            return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)];
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Mod Pow(LIB_Mod x, long y)
        {
            LIB_Mod a = 1;
            while (y != 0)
            {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) a.Mul(x);
                x.Mul(x);
                y >>= 1;
            }
            return a;
        }
    }
    class LIB_Math
    {
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public IEnumerable<long> Primes(long x)
        {
            if (x < 2) yield break;
            yield return 2;
            var halfx = x / 2;
            var table = new bool[halfx + 1];
            var max = (long)(Math.Sqrt(x) / 2);
            for (long i = 1; i <= max; ++i)
            {
                if (table[i]) continue;
                var add = 2 * i + 1;
                yield return add;
                for (long j = 2 * i * (i + 1); j <= halfx; j += add)
                    table[j] = true;
            }
            for (long i = max + 1; i <= halfx; ++i)
                if (!table[i] && 2 * i + 1 <= x)
                    yield return 2 * i + 1;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public IEnumerable<long> Factors(long x)
        {
            if (x < 2) yield break;
            while (x % 2 == 0)
            {
                x /= 2; yield return 2;
            }
            var max = (long)Math.Sqrt(x);
            for (long i = 3; i <= max; i += 2)
            {
                while (x % i == 0)
                {
                    x /= i; yield return i;
                }
            }
            if (x != 1) yield return x;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public IEnumerable<long> Divisor(long x)
        {
            if (x < 1) yield break;
            var max = (long)Math.Sqrt(x);
            for (long i = 1; i <= max; ++i)
            {
                if (x % i != 0) continue;
                yield return i;
                if (i != x / i) yield return x / i;
            }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public long GCD(long a, long b)
        {
            while (b > 0)
            {
                var tmp = b;
                b = a % b;
                a = tmp;
            }
            return a;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public long LCM(long a, long b) => a / GCD(a, b) * b;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public long Pow(long x, long y)
        {
            long a = 1;
            while (y != 0)
            {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) a *= x;
                if (x < long.MaxValue / x) x *= x;
                y >>= 1;
            }
            return a;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public decimal Sqrt(decimal x)
        {
            decimal prev, cur = (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)x);
            do
            {
                prev = cur;
                if (prev == 0) return 0;
                cur = (prev + x / prev) / 2;
            } while (cur != prev);
            return cur;
        }
        static List<long> _fact = new List<long>() { 1 };
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static void Build(long n)
        {
            if (n >= _fact.Count)
                for (int i = _fact.Count; i <= n; ++i) _fact.Add(_fact[i - 1] * i);
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public long Comb(long n, long k)
        {
            Build(n);
            if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1;
            if (n < k || n < 0) return 0;
            return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)] / _fact[(int)k];
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public long Perm(long n, long k)
        {
            Build(n);
            if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1;
            if (n < k || n < 0) return 0;
            return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)];
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public IEnumerable<List<int>> MakePermutation(long n, bool zeroIndexed = true)
        {
            if (n <= 0) throw new Exception();
            var c = new int[n];
            var a = new int[n];
            if (!zeroIndexed) a[0] = 1;
            for (var i = 1; i < n; i++) a[i] = a[i - 1] + 1;
            yield return new List<int>(a);
            for (var i = 0; i < n;)
            {
                if (c[i] < i)
                {
                    if (i % 2 == 0)
                    {
                        var t = a[0]; a[0] = a[i]; a[i] = t;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        var t = a[c[i]]; a[c[i]] = a[i]; a[i] = t;
                    }
                    yield return new List<int>(a);
                    ++c[i];
                    i = 0;
                }
                else
                {
                    c[i] = 0;
                    ++i;
                }
            }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool NextPermutation(long[] ary)
        {
            var n = ary.Length;
            var i = n - 1;
            while (i - 1 >= 0 && ary[i - 1] > ary[i]) --i;
            if (i == 0) return false;
            var j = i;
            while (j + 1 < n && ary[i - 1] < ary[j + 1]) ++j;
            var tmp = ary[i - 1]; ary[i - 1] = ary[j]; ary[j] = tmp;
            var s = i;
            var t = n - 1;
            while (t - s > 0)
            {
                tmp = ary[t]; ary[t] = ary[s]; ary[s] = tmp;
                ++s; --t;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
    struct LIB_Fraction : IEquatable<LIB_Fraction>, IEquatable<long>, IComparable<LIB_Fraction>, IComparable<long>
    {
        public long Numerator { get; private set; }
        public long Denominator { get; private set; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public LIB_Fraction(long nume = 0, long deno = 1)
        {
            Numerator = nume;
            Denominator = deno;
            Yakubun();
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        void Yakubun()
        {
            if (Denominator < 0) { Numerator *= -1; Denominator *= -1; }
            var gcd = LIB_Math.GCD(Abs(Numerator), Denominator);
            if (gcd == 0) { Numerator = 0; Denominator = 1; }
            else { Numerator /= gcd; Denominator /= gcd; }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public implicit operator LIB_Fraction(long x) => new LIB_Fraction(x);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public explicit operator double(LIB_Fraction x) => (double)x.Numerator / x.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Add(LIB_Fraction x)
        {
            Numerator = Numerator * x.Denominator + x.Numerator * Denominator;
            Denominator *= x.Denominator;
            Yakubun();
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Sub(LIB_Fraction x)
        {
            Numerator = Numerator * x.Denominator - x.Numerator * Denominator;
            Denominator *= x.Denominator;
            Yakubun();
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Mul(LIB_Fraction x)
        {
            Numerator *= x.Numerator;
            Denominator *= x.Denominator;
            Yakubun();
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public void Div(LIB_Fraction x)
        {
            Numerator *= x.Denominator;
            Denominator *= x.Numerator;
            Yakubun();
        }
        public LIB_Fraction Abs
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get => new LIB_Fraction(Abs(Numerator), Denominator);
            private set { }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Fraction operator +(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) { x.Add(y); return x; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Fraction operator -(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) { x.Sub(y); return x; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Fraction operator *(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) { x.Mul(y); return x; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public LIB_Fraction operator /(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) { x.Div(y); return x; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator <(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) => x.Numerator * y.Denominator < y.Numerator * x.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator >(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) => x.Numerator * y.Denominator > y.Numerator * x.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator <=(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) => x.Numerator * y.Denominator <= y.Numerator * x.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator >=(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) => x.Numerator * y.Denominator >= y.Numerator * x.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator ==(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) => x.Numerator == y.Numerator && x.Denominator == y.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static public bool operator !=(LIB_Fraction x, LIB_Fraction y) => x.Numerator != y.Numerator || x.Denominator != y.Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public int CompareTo(LIB_Fraction x)
        {
            var left = Numerator * x.Denominator;
            var right = x.Numerator * Denominator;
            if (left < right) return -1;
            if (left > right) return 1;
            return 0;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public int CompareTo(long x)
        {
            var right = x * Denominator;
            if (Numerator < right) return -1;
            if (Numerator > right) return 1;
            return 0;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public bool Equals(LIB_Fraction x) => x.Numerator == Numerator && x.Denominator == Denominator;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public bool Equals(long x) => Numerator == x && Denominator == 1;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override bool Equals(object x) => x == null ? false : Equals((LIB_Fraction)x);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            unchecked
            {
                return (23 * 37 + Numerator.GetHashCode()) *  37 + Denominator.GetHashCode();
            }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override string ToString() => Denominator == 1 ? Numerator.ToString() : $"{Numerator}/{Denominator}";
    }
    class LIB_Dict<K, V> : Dictionary<K, V>
    {
        Func<K, V> d;
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public LIB_Dict(Func<K, V> _d) { d = _d; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public LIB_Dict() : this(_ => default(V)) { }
        new public V this[K i]
        {
            get
            {
                V v;
                return TryGetValue(i, out v) ? v : base[i] = d(i);
            }
            set
            {
                base[i] = value;
            }
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            var ret = 0;
            for (var e = GetEnumerator(); e.MoveNext();)
            {
                ret ^= e.Current.Key.GetHashCode();
                ret ^= e.Current.Value.GetHashCode();
            }
            return ret;
        }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            var o = (LIB_Dict<K, V>)obj;
            foreach (var kv in o)
            {
                if (!ContainsKey(kv.Key) || !this[kv.Key].Equals(kv.Value))
                    return false;
            }
            return o.Count == Count;
        }
    }
}