Problem:
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

We have a tree with N vertices.
The vertices are numbered 0 through N - 1, and the i-th edge (0 ≤ i < N - 1) comnnects Vertex a_i and b_i.
For each pair of vertices u and v (0 ≤ u, v < N), we define the distance d(u, v) as the number of edges in the path u-v.

It is expected that one of the vertices will be invaded by aliens from outer space.
Snuke wants to immediately identify that vertex when the invasion happens.
To do so, he has decided to install an antenna on some vertices.

First, he decides the number of antennas, K (1 ≤ K ≤ N).
Then, he chooses K different vertices, x_0, x_1, ..., x_{K - 1}, on which he installs Antenna 0, 1, ..., K - 1, respectively.
If Vertex v is invaded by aliens, Antenna k (0 ≤ k < K) will output the distance d(x_k, v).
Based on these K outputs, Snuke will identify the vertex that is invaded.
Thus, in order to identify the invaded vertex no matter which one is invaded, the following condition must hold:

For each vertex u (0 ≤ u < N), consider the vector (d(x_0, u), ..., d(x_{K - 1}, u)). These N vectors are distinct.

Find the minumum value of K, the number of antennas, when the condition is satisfied.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ a_i, b_i < N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_0 b_0
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N - 2} b_{N - 2}

Output

Print the minumum value of K, the number of antennas, when the condition is satisfied.

Sample Input 1

5
0 1
0 2
0 3
3 4

Sample Output 1

2

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 1 and 3.
Then, the following five vectors are distinct:

(d(1, 0), d(3, 0)) = (1, 1)

(d(1, 1), d(3, 1)) = (0, 2)

(d(1, 2), d(3, 2)) = (2, 2)

(d(1, 3), d(3, 3)) = (2, 0)

(d(1, 4), d(3, 4)) = (3, 1)

Sample Input 2

2
0 1

Sample Output 2

1

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 0.

Sample Input 3

10
2 8
6 0
4 1
7 6
2 3
8 6
6 9
2 4
5 8

Sample Output 3

3

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 0, 4, 9.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.IO;
//using System.Text;
//using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
//using System.Globalization;
//using System.Diagnostics;
using static System.Console;
//using System.Numerics;
//using static System.Math;
//using pair = Pair<int, int>;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        //SetOut(new StreamWriter(OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false });
        new Program().solve();
        Out.Flush();
    }
    Scanner cin = new Scanner();
    readonly int[] dd = { 0, 1, 0, -1, 0 }; //→↓←↑
    readonly int mod = 1000000007;

    int[] A;
    void solve()
    {
        int N = cin.nextint;
        A = new int[N];
        input(N, N - 1);
        int s = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            if (A[i] == 1)
            {
                s = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        dijkstra(s);
        int 真実 = -1;
        long max = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            if (max < D[i])
            {
                max = D[i];
                真実 = i;
            }
        }
        dijkstra(真実);

        var B = new int[N];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            B[D[i]]++;
        }
        var ans = B.Max();

        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            if (max <= D[i])
            {
                max = D[i];
                真実 = i;
            }
        }
        dijkstra(真実);

        B = new int[N];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            B[D[i]]++;
        }

        WriteLine(Math.Min(B.Max(), ans));
    }
    // ref: http://abc070.contest.atcoder.jp/submissions/1505233
    struct Edge : IComparable<Edge>
    {
        public int to; public long cost;
        public Edge(int to, long cost)
        {
            this.to = to;
            this.cost = cost;
        }
        public int CompareTo(Edge e)
        {
            return cost.CompareTo(e.cost);
        }
    }
    List<Edge>[] G;
    long[] D;
    const long inf = long.MaxValue / 3;
    void input(int n, int m)
    {
        G = Enumerable.Range(0, n).Select(i => new List<Edge>()).ToArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
        {
            int a = cin.nextint;
            int b = cin.nextint;
            long c = 1;
            G[a].Add(new Edge(b, c));
            G[b].Add(new Edge(a, c));
            A[a]++;
            A[b]++;
        }
    }
    void dijkstra(int s)
    {
        int n = G.Length;
        D = Enumerable.Repeat(inf, n).ToArray();
        var Q = new PriorityQueue<Edge>();//小さい順に取り出すので要素に-1を掛ける
        D[s] = 0;
        Q.Enqueue(new Edge(s, D[s]));
        while (Q.Any())
        {
            var e = Q.Dequeue();
            var v = e.to;
            if (D[v] < -e.cost) continue;
            foreach (var gv in G[v])
            {
                if (D[gv.to] > D[v] + gv.cost)
                {
                    D[gv.to] = D[v] + gv.cost;
                    Q.Enqueue(new Edge(gv.to, -D[gv.to]));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    class PriorityQueue<T> where T : IComparable<T>
    {
        List<T> heap;
        int size;
        int Compare(T x, T y) { return y.CompareTo(x); }
        public PriorityQueue() { heap = new List<T>(); }
        public void Enqueue(T x)
        {
            heap.Add(x);
            int i = size++;

            while (i > 0)
            {
                int p = (i - 1) >> 1;

                if (Compare(heap[p], x) <= 0) break;

                heap[i] = heap[p];
                i = p;
            }
            heap[i] = x;
        }
        public T Dequeue()
        {
            T ret = heap[0];
            T x = heap[--size];

            int i = 0;
            while ((i << 1) + 1 < size)
            {
                int a = (i << 1) + 1;
                int b = (i << 1) + 2;

                if (b < size && Compare(heap[b], heap[a]) < 0)
                    a = b;
                if (Compare(heap[a], x) >= 0)
                    break;

                heap[i] = heap[a];
                i = a;
            }
            heap[i] = x;
            heap.RemoveAt(size);
            return ret;
        }
        public int Count { get { return size; } }

        public bool Any() { return size > 0; }

        public T Peek() { return heap[0]; }
    }
}

class Scanner
{
    string[] s; int i;
    char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };
    public Scanner() { s = new string[0]; i = 0; }
    public string[] scan { get { return ReadLine().Split(); } }
    public int[] scanint { get { return Array.ConvertAll(scan, int.Parse); } }
    public long[] scanlong { get { return Array.ConvertAll(scan, long.Parse); } }
    public double[] scandouble { get { return Array.ConvertAll(scan, double.Parse); } }
    public string next
    {
        get
        {
            if (i < s.Length) return s[i++];
            string st = ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = ReadLine();
            s = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            i = 0;
            return next;
        }
    }
    public int nextint { get { return int.Parse(next); } }
    public long nextlong { get { return long.Parse(next); } }
    public double nextdouble { get { return double.Parse(next); } }
}