Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There are H rows and W columns of white square cells.

You will choose h of the rows and w of the columns, and paint all of the cells contained in those rows or columns.

How many white cells will remain?

It can be proved that this count does not depend on what rows and columns are chosen.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq H, W \leq 20

1 \leq h \leq H

1 \leq w \leq W

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
h w

Output

Print the number of white cells that will remain.

Sample Input 1

3 2
2 1

Sample Output 1

1

There are 3 rows and 2 columns of cells. When two rows and one column are chosen and painted in black, there is always one white cell that remains.

Sample Input 2

5 5
2 3

Sample Output 2

6

Sample Input 3

2 4
2 4

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.IO;
using SB = System.Text.StringBuilder;
//using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
//using System.Globalization;
//using System.Diagnostics;
using static System.Console;
using System.Numerics;
using static System.Math;
using pair = Pair<int, int>;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        //SetOut(new StreamWriter(OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false });
        new Program().solve();
        Out.Flush();
    }
    readonly Scanner cin = new Scanner();
    readonly int[] dd = { 0, 1, 0, -1, 0 }; //→↓←↑
    readonly int mod = 1000000007;
    readonly int dom = 998244353;
    bool chmax<T>(ref T a, T b) where T : IComparable<T> { if (a.CompareTo(b) < 0) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
    bool chmin<T>(ref T a, T b) where T : IComparable<T> { if (b.CompareTo(a) < 0) { a = b; return true; } return false; }

    void solve()
    {
        int H = cin.nextint;
        int W = cin.nextint;
        int h = cin.nextint;
        int w = cin.nextint;
        WriteLine(H * W + h * w - h * W - w * H);
    }

}


static class Ex
{
    public static void join<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values, string sep = " ") => WriteLine(string.Join(sep, values));
    public static string concat<T>(this IEnumerable<T> values) => string.Concat(values);
    public static string reverse(this string s) { var t = s.ToCharArray(); Array.Reverse(t); return t.concat(); }

    public static int lower_bound<T>(this IList<T> arr, T val) where T : IComparable<T>
    {
        int low = 0, high = arr.Count;
        int mid;
        while (low < high)
        {
            mid = ((high - low) >> 1) + low;
            if (arr[mid].CompareTo(val) < 0) low = mid + 1;
            else high = mid;
        }
        return low;
    }
    public static int upper_bound<T>(this IList<T> arr, T val) where T : IComparable<T>
    {
        int low = 0, high = arr.Count;
        int mid;
        while (low < high)
        {
            mid = ((high - low) >> 1) + low;
            if (arr[mid].CompareTo(val) <= 0) low = mid + 1;
            else high = mid;
        }
        return low;
    }
}

class Pair<T, U> : IComparable<Pair<T, U>> where T : IComparable<T> where U : IComparable<U>
{
    public T f; public U s;
    public Pair(T f, U s) { this.f = f; this.s = s; }
    public int CompareTo(Pair<T, U> a) => f.CompareTo(a.f) != 0 ? f.CompareTo(a.f) : s.CompareTo(a.s);
    public override string ToString() => $"{f} {s}";
}

class Scanner
{
    string[] s; int i;
    readonly char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };
    public Scanner() { s = new string[0]; i = 0; }
    public string[] scan => ReadLine().Split();
    public int[] scanint => Array.ConvertAll(scan, int.Parse);
    public long[] scanlong => Array.ConvertAll(scan, long.Parse);
    public double[] scandouble => Array.ConvertAll(scan, double.Parse);
    public string next
    {
        get
        {
            if (i < s.Length) return s[i++];
            string st = ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = ReadLine();
            s = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            i = 0;
            return next;
        }
    }
    public int nextint => int.Parse(next);
    public long nextlong => long.Parse(next);
    public double nextdouble => double.Parse(next);
}