Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N boxes arranged in a row.
Initially, the i-th box from the left contains a_i candies.

Snuke can perform the following operation any number of times:

Choose a box containing at least one candy, and eat one of the candies in the chosen box.

His objective is as follows:

Any two neighboring boxes contain at most x candies in total.

Find the minimum number of operations required to achieve the objective.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9

0 ≤ x ≤ 10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N x
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum number of operations required to achieve the objective.

Sample Input 1

3 3
2 2 2

Sample Output 1

1

Eat one candy in the second box.
Then, the number of candies in each box becomes (2, 1, 2).

Sample Input 2

6 1
1 6 1 2 0 4

Sample Output 2

11

For example, eat six candies in the second box, two in the fourth box, and three in the sixth box.
Then, the number of candies in each box becomes (1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1).

Sample Input 3

5 9
3 1 4 1 5

Sample Output 3

0

The objective is already achieved without performing operations.

Sample Input 4

2 0
5 5

Sample Output 4

10

All the candies need to be eaten.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Console;
using static System.Math;

namespace NotFounds
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var sw = new System.IO.StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false };
            Console.SetOut(sw);
            new Program().Solve(new ConsoleInput(Console.In, ' '));
            Console.Out.Flush();
        }

        public void Solve(ConsoleInput cin)
        {
            var N = cin.ReadInt;
            var x = cin.ReadLong;
            var a = cin.ReadLongArray(N);

            long ans = Max(a[0] - x, 0);
            for (int i = 0; i < N - 1; ++i)
                if (a[i] + a[i + 1] > x)
                {
                    long diff = a[i] + a[i + 1] - x;
                    ans += Min(diff, a[i + 1]);
                    a[i + 1] -= Min(diff, a[i + 1]);
                }
            WriteLine(ans);
        }
    }

    public class ConsoleInput
    {
        private readonly System.IO.TextReader _stream;
        private char _separator = ' ';
        private Queue<string> inputStream;
        public ConsoleInput(System.IO.TextReader stream, char separator = ' ')
        {
            this._separator = separator;
            this._stream = stream;
            inputStream = new Queue<string>();
        }
        public string Read
        {
            get
            {
                if (inputStream.Count != 0) return inputStream.Dequeue();
                string[] tmp = _stream.ReadLine().Split(_separator);
                for (int i = 0; i < tmp.Length; ++i)
                    inputStream.Enqueue(tmp[i]);
                return inputStream.Dequeue();
            }
        }
        public string ReadLine { get { return _stream.ReadLine(); }}
        public int ReadInt { get { return int.Parse(Read); }}
        public long ReadLong { get { return long.Parse(Read); }}
        public double ReadDouble { get { return double.Parse(Read); }}
        public string[] ReadStrArray(long N) { var ret = new string[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) ret[i] = Read; return ret;}
        public int[] ReadIntArray(long N) { var ret = new int[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) ret[i] = ReadInt; return ret;}
        public long[] ReadLongArray(long N) { var ret = new long[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) ret[i] = ReadLong; return ret;}
        public void ReadIntArrays(long N, out int[] A, out int[] B) { A = new int[N]; B = new int[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) { A[i] = ReadInt; B[i] = ReadInt; }}
    }
}