Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using static System.Console;
using static System.Math;

namespace AtCoder
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            new Program().Solve(new ConsoleInput(Console.In, ' '));

            return;
        }

        public void Solve(ConsoleInput cin)
        {

            var N = cin.ReadLong;

            long[] list = new long[N];
            for(long i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                list[i] = i + 1;
            }

            if (N == 1) {
                Console.WriteLine('0');
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine((list[0] + list[N - 2]) * (N - 1) / 2);
            }

        }
    }

    public static class Extensions
    {
        public static string Reverse(this string sourse)
        {
            char[] chrAry = sourse.ToCharArray();
            Array.Reverse(chrAry);
            return new string(chrAry);
        }
    }

    public class ConsoleInput
    {
        private readonly System.IO.TextReader _stream;
        private char _separator = ' ';
        private Queue<string> inputStream;
        public ConsoleInput(System.IO.TextReader stream, char separator = ' ')
        {
            this._separator = separator;
            this._stream = stream;
            inputStream = new Queue<string>();
        }
        public string Read
        {
            get
            {
                if (inputStream.Count != 0) return inputStream.Dequeue();
                string[] tmp = _stream.ReadLine().Split(_separator);
                for (int i = 0; i < tmp.Length; ++i)
                    inputStream.Enqueue(tmp[i]);
                return inputStream.Dequeue();
            }
        }
        public string ReadLine { get { return _stream.ReadLine(); } }
        public int ReadInt { get { return int.Parse(Read); } }
        public long ReadLong { get { return long.Parse(Read); } }
        public double ReadDouble { get { return double.Parse(Read); } }
        public string[] ReadStrArray(long N) { var ret = new string[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) ret[i] = Read; return ret; }
        public int[] ReadIntArray(long N) { var ret = new int[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) ret[i] = ReadInt; return ret; }
        public long[] ReadLongArray(long N) { var ret = new long[N]; for (long i = 0; i < N; ++i) ret[i] = ReadLong; return ret; }
    }
}