Problem:
Score: 400 points

Problem Statement

The Patisserie AtCoder sells cakes with number-shaped candles.
There are X, Y and Z kinds of cakes with 1-shaped, 2-shaped and 3-shaped candles, respectively.
Each cake has an integer value called deliciousness, as follows:

The deliciousness of the cakes with 1-shaped candles are A_1, A_2, ..., A_X.

The deliciousness of the cakes with 2-shaped candles are B_1, B_2, ..., B_Y.

The deliciousness of the cakes with 3-shaped candles are C_1, C_2, ..., C_Z.

Takahashi decides to buy three cakes, one for each of the three shapes of the candles, to celebrate ABC 123.

There are X \times Y \times Z such ways to choose three cakes.

We will arrange these X \times Y \times Z ways in descending order of the sum of the deliciousness of the cakes.

Print the sums of the deliciousness of the cakes for the first, second, ..., K-th ways in this list.

Constraints

1 \leq X \leq 1 \ 000

1 \leq Y \leq 1 \ 000

1 \leq Z \leq 1 \ 000

1 \leq K \leq \min(3 \ 000, X \times Y \times Z)

1 \leq A_i \leq 10 \ 000 \ 000 \ 000

1 \leq B_i \leq 10 \ 000 \ 000 \ 000

1 \leq C_i \leq 10 \ 000 \ 000 \ 000

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X Y Z K
A_1 \ A_2 \ A_3 \ ... \ A_X
B_1 \ B_2 \ B_3 \ ... \ B_Y
C_1 \ C_2 \ C_3 \ ... \ C_Z

Output

Print K lines. The i-th line should contain the i-th value stated in the problem statement.

Sample Input 1

2 2 2 8
4 6
1 5
3 8

Sample Output 1

19
17
15
14
13
12
10
8

There are 2 \times 2 \times 2 = 8 ways to choose three cakes, as shown below in descending order of the sum of the deliciousness of the cakes:

(A_2, B_2, C_2): 6 + 5 + 8 = 19

(A_1, B_2, C_2): 4 + 5 + 8 = 17

(A_2, B_1, C_2): 6 + 1 + 8 = 15

(A_2, B_2, C_1): 6 + 5 + 3 = 14

(A_1, B_1, C_2): 4 + 1 + 8 = 13

(A_1, B_2, C_1): 4 + 5 + 3 = 12

(A_2, B_1, C_1): 6 + 1 + 3 = 10

(A_1, B_1, C_1): 4 + 1 + 3 = 8

Sample Input 2

3 3 3 5
1 10 100
2 20 200
1 10 100

Sample Output 2

400
310
310
301
301

There may be multiple combinations of cakes with the same sum of the deliciousness. For example, in this test case, the sum of A_1, B_3, C_3 and the sum of A_3, B_3, C_1 are both 301.
However, they are different ways of choosing cakes, so 301 occurs twice in the output.

Sample Input 3

10 10 10 20
7467038376 5724769290 292794712 2843504496 3381970101 8402252870 249131806 6310293640 6690322794 6082257488
1873977926 2576529623 1144842195 1379118507 6003234687 4925540914 3902539811 3326692703 484657758 2877436338
4975681328 8974383988 2882263257 7690203955 514305523 6679823484 4263279310 585966808 3752282379 620585736

Sample Output 3

23379871545
22444657051
22302177772
22095691512
21667941469
21366963278
21287912315
21279176669
21160477018
21085311041
21059876163
21017997739
20703329561
20702387965
20590247696
20383761436
20343962175
20254073196
20210218542
20150096547

Note that the input or output may not fit into a 32-bit integer type.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;
using static System.Math;
using static AtCoderTemplate.MyConstants;
using static AtCoderTemplate.MyInputOutputs;
using static AtCoderTemplate.MyNumericFunctions;
using static AtCoderTemplate.MyAlgorithm;
using static AtCoderTemplate.MyExtensions;

namespace AtCoderTemplate {
    public class Program {
        public static void Main (string[] args) {
            var XYZK = ReadInts ();
            var X = XYZK[0];
            var Y = XYZK[1];
            var Z = XYZK[2];
            var K = XYZK[3];
            var A = Reads ().ToLongs ();
            var B = Reads ().ToLongs ();
            var C = Reads ().ToLongs ();

            // var sA = new Stack<long> (A.OrderBy (x => x));
            // var sB = new Stack<long> (B.OrderBy (x => x));
            // var sC = new Stack<long> (C.OrderBy (x => x));

            var oA = A.OrderByDescending (x => x);
            var oB = B.OrderByDescending (x => x);
            var oC = C.OrderByDescending (x => x);

            var ans = oA.SelectMany (a =>
                    oB.Select (b => a + b))
                .OrderByDescending (x => x)
                .Take (K)
                .SelectMany (ab =>
                    oC.Select (c => ab + c))
                .OrderByDescending (x => x)
                .Take (K);
            PrintColomn (ans);
        }
    }

    public static class MyInputOutputs {
        /* Input & Output*/
        public static string Read () {
            return Console.ReadLine ();
        }

        public static List<string> Reads () {
            return Console.ReadLine ().Split (' ').ToList ();
        }

        public static List<List<string>> ReadRows (int rowNum) {
            /*
            入力例
            A1 B1 C1 ... Z1
            A2 B2 C2 ... Z2
            ...
            An Bn Cn ... Zn
           

            出力例
            [[A1, B1, C1, ... Z1], [A2, B2, C2, ... Z2], ... [An, Bn, Cn, ... Zn]]
            */
            return Enumerable.Range (0, rowNum).Select (i => Reads ()).ToList ();
        }

        public static List<List<string>> ReadColumns (int rowNum, int colNum) {
            /*
            入力例
            A1 B1 C1 ... Z1
            A2 B2 C2 ... Z2
            ...
            An Bn Cn ... Zn
           

            出力例
            [[A1, A2, A3, ... An], [B1, B2, B3, ... Bn], ... [Z1, Z2, Z3, ... Zn]]
            */
            var rows = ReadRows (rowNum);
            return Enumerable.Range (0, colNum).Select (i => rows.Select (items => items[i].ToString ()).ToList ()).ToList ();
        }

        public static List<List<string>> ReadGridGraph (int height, int width) {
            /*
            入力例
            A1B1C1...Z1
            A2B2C2...Z2
            ...
            AnBnCn...Zn
           

            出力例
            [[A1, B1, C1, ... Z1], [A2, B2, C2, ... Z2], ... [An, Bn, Cn, ... Zn]]
            */
            return Enumerable.Range (0, height)
                .Select (i =>
                    Read ()
                    .Select (c => c.ToString ())
                    .ToList ()
                ).ToList ();
        }

        public static int ToInt (this string str) {
            return int.Parse (str);
        }

        public static long ToLong (this string str) {
            return long.Parse (str);
        }

        public static List<int> ToInts (this List<string> strs) {
            return strs.Select (str => str.ToInt ()).ToList ();
        }

        public static List<long> ToLongs (this List<string> strs) {
            return strs.Select (str => str.ToLong ()).ToList ();
        }

        public static int ReadInt () {
            return Read ().ToInt ();
        }
        public static long ReadLong () {
            return Read ().ToLong ();
        }

        public static List<int> ReadInts () {
            return Reads ().ToInts ();
        }
        public static List<long> ReadLongs () {
            return Reads ().ToLongs ();
        }

        public static void Print<T> (T item) {
            Console.WriteLine (item);
        }
        public static void PrintIf<T1, T2> (bool condition, T1 trueResult, T2 falseResult) {
            if (condition) {
                Console.WriteLine (trueResult);
            } else {
                Console.WriteLine (falseResult);
            }
        }

        public static void PrintRow<T> (IEnumerable<T> list) {
            /* 横ベクトルで表示
            A B C D ...
            */
            if (!list.IsEmpty ()) {
                Console.Write (list.First ());
                foreach (var item in list.Skip (1)) {
                    Console.Write ($" {item}");
                }
            }
            Console.Write ("\n");
        }
        public static void PrintColomn<T> (IEnumerable<T> list) {
            /* 縦ベクトルで表示
            A
            B
            C
            D
            ...
            */
            foreach (var item in list) {
                Console.WriteLine (item);
            }
        }
        public static void PrintRows<T> (IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> sources) {
            foreach (var row in sources) {
                PrintRow (row);
            }
        }

        public static void PrintGridGraph<T> (IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> sources) {
            foreach (var row in sources) {
                Print (String.Concat (row));
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyConstants {
        public static IEnumerable<char> lowerAlphabets = Enumerable.Range ('a', 'z' - 'a' + 1).Select (i => (char) i);
        public static IEnumerable<char> upperAlphabets = Enumerable.Range ('A', 'Z' - 'A' + 1).Select (i => (char) i);

        public static int p10_9plus7 = (int) Pow (10, 9) + 7;
    }

    public static class MyNumericFunctions {
        public static bool IsEven (int a) {
            return a % 2 == 0;
        }
        public static bool IsEven (long a) {
            return a % 2 == 0;
        }
        public static bool IsOdd (int a) {
            return !IsEven (a);
        }
        public static bool IsOdd (long a) {
            return !IsEven (a);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 冪を得る
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="b">底</param>
        /// <param name="n">冪指数</param>
        /// <param name="divisor">返り値がintを超えないようにdivisorで割ったあまりを得る</param>
        /// <returns>bのn乗(をdivisorで割ったあまり)</returns>
        public static int PowRem (long b, int n, int divisor) {
            return Enumerable.Repeat (b, n)
                .Aggregate (1, (accm, i) => (int) ((accm * i) % divisor));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 順列の総数を得る
        /// O(N-K)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n">全体の数</param>
        /// <param name="k">並べる数</param>
        /// <param name="divisor">返り値がintを超えないようにdivisorで割った余りを得る</param>
        /// <returns>nPk (をdivisorで割った余り)</returns>
        public static int nPk (int n, int k, int divisor) {
            if (k > n) {
                return 0;
            } else {
                return Enumerable.Range (n - k + 1, k).Aggregate (1, ((i, m) => (i * m) % divisor));
            }
        }

        public static long nPk (int n, int k) {
            if (k > n) {
                return 0L;
            } else {
                return Enumerable.Range (n - k + 1, k).Aggregate (1L, ((i, m) => (i * m)));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 階乗を得る
        /// O(N)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <param name="divisor">返り値がintを超えないようにdivisorで割った余りを得る</param>
        /// <returns>n! (をdivisorで割った余り)</returns>
        public static int Fact (int n, int divisor) {
            return nPk (n, n, divisor);
        }

        public static long Fact (int n) {
            return nPk (n, n);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 組み合わせの総数を得る
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <param name="k"></param>
        /// <returns>nCk</returns>
        public static long nCk (int n, int k) {
            if (k > n) {
                return 0L;
            } else {
                return nPk (n, k) / Fact (k);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 最大公約数を得る 
        /// O(log N)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m">自然数</param>
        /// <param name="n">自然数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static long GCD (long m, long n) {
            // GCD(m,n) = GCD(n, m%n)を利用
            // m%n = 0のとき、mはnで割り切れるので、nが最大公約数
            if (m <= 0L || n <= 0L) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();

            if (m < n) return GCD (n, m);
            while (m % n != 0L) {
                var n2 = m % n;
                m = n;
                n = n2;
            }
            return n;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 最小公倍数を得る
        /// O(log N)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m"></param>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static long LCM (long m, long n) {
            var ans = checked ((long) (BigInteger.Multiply (m, n) / GCD (m, n)));
            return ans;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 約数列挙(非順序)
        /// O(√N)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m">m > 0</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<long> Divisor (long m) {
            if (!(m > 0)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();

            var front = Enumerable.Range (1, (int) Sqrt (m))
                .Select (i => (long) i)
                .Where (d => m % d == 0);
            return front.Concat (front.Where (x => x * x != m).Select (x => m / x));
        }

        public static IEnumerable<int> Divisor (int m) {
            if (!(m > 0)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();

            var front = Enumerable.Range (1, (int) Sqrt (m))
                .Where (d => m % d == 0);
            return front.Concat (front.Where (x => x * x != m).Select (x => m / x));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 公約数列挙(非順序)
        /// O(√N)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m">m > 0</param>
        /// <param name="n">n > 0 </param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<long> CommonDivisor (long m, long n) {
            if (!(m > 0)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();

            if (m < n) return CommonDivisor (n, m);
            return Divisor (m).Where (md => n % md == 0);
        }

        public static IEnumerable<int> CommonDivisor (int m, int n) {
            if (!(m > 0)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();

            if (m < n) return CommonDivisor (n, m);
            return Divisor (m).Where (md => n % md == 0);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// nまでの素数を得る
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n">n > 1</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<int> Prime (int n) {
            if (!(n > 1)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();

            var primes = new List<int> ();
            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range (2, n - 1)) {
                if (primes.All (p => i % p != 0)) {
                    primes.Add (i);
                }
            }
            return primes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 順列を得る
        /// O(N!)
        /// </summary>
        public static IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> Perm<T> (IEnumerable<T> source, int n) {
            if (n == 0 || source.IsEmpty () || source.Count () < n) {
                return Enumerable.Empty<IEnumerable<T>> ();
            } else if (n == 1) {
                return source.Select (i => new List<T> { i });
            } else {
                var nexts = source.Select ((x, i) =>
                    new { next = source.Take (i).Concat (source.Skip (i + 1)), selected = source.Take (i + 1).Last () });
                return nexts.SelectMany (next => Perm (next.next, n - 1).Select (item => item.Prepend (next.selected)));
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyAlgorithm {
        /// <summary>
        /// めぐる式二分探索法
        /// O(log N)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">探索するリスト</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件の述語関数</param>
        /// <param name="ng">条件を満たさない既知のindex</param>
        /// <param name="ok">条件を満たす既知のindex</param>
        /// <returns>条件を満たすindexの内、隣がfalseとなるtrueのindexを返す</returns>
        public static int BinarySearch<T> (List<T> list, Func<T, bool> predicate, int ng, int ok) {
            while (Abs (ok - ng) > 1) {
                int mid = (ok + ng) / 2;
                if (predicate (list[mid])) {
                    ok = mid;
                } else {
                    ng = mid;
                }
            }
            return ok;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 左二分探索法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">条件の境界(falseとtrueの変わるところ)で、trueが左にあるリスト</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件の述語関数</param>
        /// <returns>右隣がfalseになるtrueのindexを返す</returns>
        public static int LeftBinarySearch<T> (List<T> list, Func<T, bool> predicate) {
            return BinarySearch (list, predicate, list.Count, -1);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 右二分探索法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="list">条件の境界(falseとtrueの変わるところ)で、trueが右にあるリスト</param>
        /// <param name="predicate">条件の述語関数</param>
        /// <returns>左隣がfalseになるtrueのindexを返す</returns>
        public static int RightBinarySearch<T> (List<T> list, Func<T, bool> predicate) {
            return BinarySearch (list, predicate, -1, list.Count);
        }

        // Dictionaryがcapacity近くになるとゲロ重かったので削除
        // 配列にするかも

        // /// <summary>
        // /// DynamicProgrammingの形式(貰うDP)
        // /// 項dp_(i,j,k...)の漸化式、初項、漸化式の計算順序（添字のパターン）、から漸化式を計算する
        // /// </summary>
        // /// <param name="calculationOrders">漸化式の計算順序、項dp_(i,j,k...)の添字(i,j,k...)のトポロジカル順序を持つシーケンス</param>
        // /// <param name="initialConditions">初項とその添字のペア、のシーケンス</param>
        // /// <param name="recurrenceRelation">項dp_(i,j,k...)の漸化式、以前の項の計算はDictonaryから得る</param>
        // /// <typeparam name="Indexes">項dp_(i,j,k...)の添字(i,j,k...)</typeparam>
        // /// <typeparam name="Result">項dp_(i,j,k...)の計算結果</typeparam>
        // /// <returns>項dp_(i,j,k...)の全ての計算結果をDictionaryで返す</returns>
        // public static Dictionary<Indexes, Result> DynamicProgramming<Indexes, Result> (
        //     IEnumerable<Indexes> calculationOrders //
        //     , IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<Indexes, Result>> initialConditions //
        //     , Func<Dictionary<Indexes, Result>, Indexes, Result> recurrenceRelation) {
        //     var conditions = initialConditions.ToDictionary (kv => kv.Key, kv => kv.Value);
        //     foreach (var order in calculationOrders) {
        //         conditions.Add (order, recurrenceRelation (conditions, order));
        //     }
        //     return conditions;
        // }

        // .NetFramework 4.6.2 ではタプルの記法がまだ使えない

        // /// <summary>
        // /// DynamicProgrammingの形式(貰うDP)
        // /// 項dp_(i,j,k...)の漸化式、初項、漸化式の計算順序（添字のパターン）、から漸化式を計算する
        // /// </summary>
        // /// <param name="calculationOrders">漸化式の計算順序、項dp_(i,j,k...)の添字(i,j,k...)のトポロジカル順序を持つシーケンス</param>
        // /// <param name="initialConditions">初項とその添字のペア、のシーケンス</param>
        // /// <param name="recurrenceRelation">項dp_(i,j,k...)の漸化式、以前の項の計算はDictonaryから得る</param>
        // /// <typeparam name="Indexes">項dp_(i,j,k...)の添字(i,j,k...)</typeparam>
        // /// <typeparam name="Result">項dp_(i,j,k...)の計算結果</typeparam>
        // /// <returns>項dp_(i,j,k...)の全ての計算結果をDictionaryで返す</returns>
        // public static Dictionary<Indexes, Result> DynamicProgramming<Indexes, Result> (
        //     IEnumerable<Indexes> calculationOrders //
        //     , IEnumerable < (Indexes indexes, Result result) > initialConditions //
        //     , Func<Dictionary<Indexes, Result>, Indexes, Result> recurrenceRelation) {
        //     var conditions = initialConditions.ToDictionary (kv => kv.indexes, kv => kv.result);
        //     foreach (var order in calculationOrders) {
        //         conditions.Add (order, recurrenceRelation (conditions, order));
        //     }
        //     return conditions;
        // }

        /// <summary>
        /// 右へのしゃくとり法の形式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n">なめるシーケンスの長さ</param>
        /// <param name="Predicate">更新のための条件関数。indexの(left,right)をとり、条件を満たすとUpdateConditionを行う</param>
        /// <param name="initialCondition">初期状態。</param>
        /// <param name="Update">状態更新関数。indexのleft, rightと前のconditionをとり、更新したconditionを返す</param>
        /// <typeparam name="TR"></typeparam>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TR TwoPointersRight<TR> (int n, Func<int, int, bool> Predicate, TR initialCondition, Func<int, int, TR, TR> Update) {
            var l = 0;
            var r = 0;
            TR condition = initialCondition;
            while (r < n) {
                while (r < n && !Predicate (l, r)) {
                    r += 1;
                }
                while (r < n && l != r && Predicate (l, r)) {
                    condition = Update (l, r, condition);
                    l += 1;
                }
            }
            return condition;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// グラフの辺
        /// </summary>
        public struct Edge {
            public int SourceNode { get; }
            public int TargetNode { get; }
            public long Weight { get; }

            public Edge (int sourceNode, int targetNode, long weight) {
                SourceNode = sourceNode;
                TargetNode = targetNode;
                Weight = weight;
            }
        }

        public static IEnumerable<Edge> ToEdges (List<int> sourceNodes, List<int> targetNodes, List<long> weights) {
            return Enumerable.Range (0, sourceNodes.Count)
                .Select (i => new Edge (sourceNode: sourceNodes[i], targetNode: targetNodes[i], weight: weights[i]));
        }

        public static List<IEnumerable<int>> ToAdjacencyListOfUndirectedGraph (IEnumerable<Edge> edges, int nodeNum) {
            var adjacencyList = Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum).Select (_ => Enumerable.Empty<int> ()).ToList ();
            foreach (var edge in edges) {
                adjacencyList[edge.SourceNode] = adjacencyList[edge.SourceNode].Append (edge.TargetNode);
                adjacencyList[edge.TargetNode] = adjacencyList[edge.TargetNode].Append (edge.SourceNode);
            }
            return adjacencyList;
        }

        public static List<List<long>> ToAdjacencyMatrixOfUndirectedGraph (IEnumerable<Edge> edges, int nodeNum, long weightOfNoEdge) {
            var adjacencyMatrix = Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum)
                .Select (i =>
                    Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum)
                    .Select (k =>
                        weightOfNoEdge
                    ).ToList ()
                ).ToList ();
            foreach (var edge in edges) {
                adjacencyMatrix[edge.SourceNode][edge.TargetNode] = edge.Weight;
                adjacencyMatrix[edge.TargetNode][edge.SourceNode] = edge.Weight;
            }
            return adjacencyMatrix;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ワーシャルフロイド法
        /// O(N^3)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="adjacencyMatrix">隣接行列</param>
        /// <param name="nodeNum">ノードの数</param>
        /// <returns>各ノード間の最短距離を重みとする隣接行列</returns>
        public static List<List<long>> WarshallFloyd (List<List<long>> adjacencyMatrix) {
            var nodeNum = adjacencyMatrix.Count;
            var res = Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum).Select (i => new List<long> (adjacencyMatrix[i])).ToList ();
            foreach (var b in Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum)) {
                foreach (var a in Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum)) {
                    foreach (var c in Enumerable.Range (0, nodeNum)) {
                        res[a][c] = Min (res[a][c], res[a][b] + res[b][c]);
                    }
                }
            }
            return res;
        }
    }

    public static class MyExtensions {
        // AppendとPrependが、.NET Standard 1.6からの追加で、Mono 4.6.2 はそれに対応して仕様はあるが、実装がない
        public static IEnumerable<T> Append<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source, T element) {
            return source.Concat (Enumerable.Repeat (element, 1));
        }

        public static IEnumerable<T> Prepend<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source, T element) {
            return Enumerable.Repeat (element, 1).Concat (source);
        }

        // TakeLastとSkipLastが、.Net Standard 2.1からの追加で、Mono 4.6.2 はそれに対応していない
        public static IEnumerable<T> TakeLast<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source, int count) {
            return source.Skip (source.Count () - count);
        }

        public static IEnumerable<T> SkipLast<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source, int count) {
            return source.Take (source.Count () - count);
        }

        public static bool IsEmpty<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source) {
            return !source.Any ();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// シーケンスの要素ごとに副作用を起こす（シーケンスはそのまま）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">シーケンス</param>
        /// <param name="action">副作用。要素をとるアクション</param>
        /// <typeparam name="T">シーケンスの要素の型</typeparam>
        /// <returns>元のシーケンス</returns>
        public static IEnumerable<T> Do<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source, Action<T> action) {
            foreach (var item in source) {
                action (item);
            }
            return source;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// パイプライン演算子のようにデータを変換する（関数を適用する）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="arg">変換するデータ</param>
        /// <param name="func">変換</param>
        /// <typeparam name="T">変換元のデータの型</typeparam>
        /// <typeparam name="TR">変換先のデータの型</typeparam>
        /// <returns>変換されたデータ</returns>
        public static TR Apply<T, TR> (this T arg, Func<T, TR> func) {
            return func (arg);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// データを標準出力に流す（データはそのまま）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item">データ</param>
        /// <typeparam name="T">データの型</typeparam>
        /// <returns>元のデータ</returns>
        public static T Trace<T> (this T item) {
            Print (item);
            return item;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// シーケンスの隣り合う要素を2引数の関数に適用したシーケンスを得る
        /// </summary>
        /// <para>O(N)</para>
        /// <param name="source">元のシーケンス</param>
        /// <param name="func">2引数関数</param>
        /// <example>[1,2,3,4].MapAdjacent(f) => [f(1,2), f(2,3), f(3,4)]</example>
        public static IEnumerable<TR> MapAdjacent<T1, TR> (this IEnumerable<T1> source, Func<T1, T1, TR> func) {
            var list = source.ToList ();
            return Enumerable.Range (1, list.Count - 1)
                .Select (i => func (list[i - 1], list[i]));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 累積項を要素にもつシーケンスを得る(初項は、first)
        /// <para>O(N)</para>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">元のシーケンス</param>
        /// <param name="func">2引数関数f</param>
        /// <param name="first">func(first, source[0])のための初項</param>
        /// <example> [1,2,3].Scanl1(0,f) => [0, f(0,1), f(f(0,1),2), f(f(f(0,1),2),3)]</example>
        public static IEnumerable<TR> Scanl<T, TR> (this IEnumerable<T> source, TR first, Func<TR, T, TR> func) {
            var list = source.ToList ();
            var result = new List<TR> { first };
            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range (0, source.Count ())) {
                result.Add (func (result[i], list[i]));
            }
            return result;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 累積項を要素にもつシーケンスを得る（初項は、source.First()）
        /// <para>O(N)</para>
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="source">要素数1以上のシーケンス</param>
        /// <param name="func">2引数関数f</param>
        /// <example> [1,2,3].Scanl1(f) => [1, f(1,2), f(f(1,2),3)]</example>
        public static IEnumerable<T> Scanl1<T> (this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, T, T> func) {
            if (source.IsEmpty ()) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ();
            var list = source.ToList ();
            var result = new List<T> { list[0] };
            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range (1, source.Count () - 1)) {
                result.Add (func (result[i - 1], list[i]));
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    public static class MyEnumerable {
        /// <summary>
        /// 左閉右開区間 [startIndex,endIndex) を得る
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startIndex">始まりのインデックス。含む</param>
        /// <param name="endIndex">終わりのインデックス。含まない</param>
        public static IEnumerable<int> Interval (int startIndex, int endIndex) {
            if (endIndex - startIndex < 0) new ArgumentException ();
            return Enumerable.Range (startIndex, endIndex - startIndex);
        }
    }
}