Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cubes stacked vertically on a desk.

You are given a string S of length N. The color of the i-th cube from the bottom is red if the i-th character in S is 0, and blue if that character is 1.

You can perform the following operation any number of times: choose a red cube and a blue cube that are adjacent, and remove them. Here, the cubes that were stacked on the removed cubes will fall down onto the object below them.

At most how many cubes can be removed?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 10^5

|S| = N

Each character in S is 0 or 1.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the maximum number of cubes that can be removed.

Sample Input 1

0011

Sample Output 1

4

All four cubes can be removed, by performing the operation as follows:

Remove the second and third cubes from the bottom. Then, the fourth cube drops onto the first cube.

Remove the first and second cubes from the bottom.

Sample Input 2

11011010001011

Sample Output 2

12

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#region いつもの
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using AtCoderProject.Reader;
using IEnumerable = System.Collections.IEnumerable;
using IEnumerator = System.Collections.IEnumerator;
using BigInteger = System.Numerics.BigInteger;
using StringBuilder = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using static AtCoderProject.Global;
using static AtCoderProject.NumGlobal;
using AtCoderProject;

namespace AtCoderProject
{
    public static class Global
    {
        public static void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) { T tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
        public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, T value) => new T[len0].Fill(value);
        public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = factory();
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        private class ComparerReverseImpl<T> : Comparer<T> where T : IComparable<T> { public override int Compare(T y, T x) => x.CompareTo(y); public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj != null && GetType() == obj.GetType(); public override int GetHashCode() => GetType().GetHashCode(); }
        public static IComparer<T> ComparerReverse<T>() where T : IComparable<T> => new ComparerReverseImpl<T>();
        public static string AllLines<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) => string.Join("\n", source);
        public static string AllJoin<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) => string.Join(" ", source);
        public static string AllGrid<T>(IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> source) => AllLines(source.Select(AllJoin));
        public static bool UpdateMax(ref int r, int val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMax(ref long r, long val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMin(ref int r, int val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMin(ref long r, long val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
    }
    public static class NumGlobal
    {
        public static int Pow(int x, int y)
        {
            int res = 1;
            for (; y > 0; y >>= 1)
            {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) res *= x;
                x *= x;
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static BigInteger ParseBigInteger(string s)
        {
            /* 自前実装の方が速い */
            var res = BigInteger.Zero;
            var splited = new string[(s.Length + 7) / 8];
            for (var i = 0; i < splited.Length - 1; i++)
            {
                splited[i] = s.Substring(8 * i, 8);
            }
            splited[splited.Length - 1] = s.Substring(8 * (splited.Length - 1));
            foreach (var sp in splited)
            {
                res *= (int)Math.Pow(10, sp.Length);
                res += int.Parse(sp);
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static int BitCount(int x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x55555555; x = (x & 0x33333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x33333333); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; return x & 0x3f; }
        public static int BitCount(long x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555; x = (x & 0x3333333333333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; x += x >> 32; return (int)(x & 0x0000007f); }
        public static int MSB(int x) { x |= x >> 1; x |= x >> 2; x |= x >> 4; x |= x >> 8; x |= x >> 16; return BitCount(x) - 1; }
        public static int MSB(long x) { x |= x >> 1; x |= x >> 2; x |= x >> 4; x |= x >> 8; x |= x >> 16; x |= x >> 32; return BitCount(x) - 1; }
        public static int LSB(int x) { x |= x << 1; x |= x << 2; x |= x << 4; x |= x << 8; x |= x << 16; return 32 - BitCount(x); }
        public static int LSB(long x) { x |= x << 1; x |= x << 2; x |= x << 4; x |= x << 8; x |= x << 16; x |= x << 32; return 64 - BitCount(x); }
    }
    public static class Ext
    {
        public static long ToLong(this int i) => i;
        public static T[] Fill<T>(this T[] arr, T value)
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = value;
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Sort(arr); return arr; }
        public static string[] Sort(this string[] arr) => Sort(arr, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        public static T[] Sort<T, U>(this T[] arr, Func<T, U> selector) where U : IComparable<U> => Sort(arr, (a, b) => selector(a).CompareTo(selector(b)));
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, Comparison<T> comparison) { Array.Sort(arr, comparison); return arr; }
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, IComparer<T> comparer) { Array.Sort(arr, comparer); return arr; }
        public static T[] Reverse<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Reverse(arr); return arr; }
        public static Tuple<int, T> MaxBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            T max = arr[0];
            int maxIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (max.CompareTo(arr[i]) < 0)
                {
                    max = arr[i];
                    maxIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(maxIndex, max);
        }
        public static Tuple<TSource, TMax> MaxBy<TSource, TMax>
            (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMax> maxBySelector)
            where TMax : IComparable<TMax>
        {
            TMax max;
            TSource maxByItem;

            var e = source.GetEnumerator();
            e.MoveNext();
            maxByItem = e.Current;
            max = maxBySelector(maxByItem);
            while (e.MoveNext())
            {
                var item = e.Current;
                var next = maxBySelector(item);
                if (max.CompareTo(next) < 0)
                {
                    max = next;
                    maxByItem = item;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(maxByItem, max);
        }
        public static Tuple<int, T> MinBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            T min = arr[0];
            int minIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (min.CompareTo(arr[i]) > 0)
                {
                    min = arr[i];
                    minIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(minIndex, min);
        }
        public static Tuple<TSource, TMin> MinBy<TSource, TMin>
            (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMin> minBySelector)
            where TMin : IComparable<TMin>
        {
            TMin min;
            TSource minByItem;

            var e = source.GetEnumerator();
            e.MoveNext();
            minByItem = e.Current;
            min = minBySelector(minByItem);
            while (e.MoveNext())
            {
                var item = e.Current;
                var next = minBySelector(item);
                if (min.CompareTo(next) > 0)
                {
                    min = next;
                    minByItem = item;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(minByItem, min);
        }
        public static IEnumerable<TSource> Append<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource element)
        {
            foreach (var item in source)
                yield return item;
            yield return element;
        }
        public static IEnumerable<TSource> Prepend<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource element)
        {
            yield return element;
            foreach (var item in source)
                yield return item;
        }
        public static IComparer<T> Reverse<T>(this IComparer<T> comparer) => Comparer<T>.Create((x, y) => comparer.Compare(y, x));
        public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => source.GroupBy(keySelector).ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.Count());
        public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TKey>(this IEnumerable<TKey> source) => source.GroupCount(i => i);
        public static TValue Get<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key)
        {
            TValue v;
            dic.TryGetValue(key, out v);
            return v;
        }
        public static TValue GetOrInit<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key, TValue value)
        {
            TValue v;
            if (dic.TryGetValue(key, out v))
                return v;
            return dic[key] = value;
        }
    }
    public class ΔDebugView<T> { private IEnumerable<T> collection; public ΔDebugView(IEnumerable<T> collection) { if (collection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection)); this.collection = collection; }[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] public T[] Items => collection.ToArray(); }
}
namespace AtCoderProject.Reader
{
    using System.IO;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    [DebuggerStepThrough]
    public class ConsoleReader
    {
        const int BufSize = 1 << 12;
        private readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[BufSize];
        private readonly Stream input;
        private readonly Encoding encoding;
        private int pos = 0;
        private int len = 0;
        public ConsoleReader(Stream input, Encoding encoding) { this.input = input; this.encoding = encoding; }
        public ConsoleReader(Stream input) : this(input, Encoding.UTF8) { }
        public ConsoleReader(string text) : this(new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text))) { }
        private void MoveNext() { if (++pos >= len) { len = input.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (len == 0) { buffer[0] = 10; } pos = 0; } }

        public int Int
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                int res = 0;
                bool neg = false;
                while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); }
                do { res = checked(res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48)); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]);
                return neg ? -res : res;
            }
        }
        public int Int0 => this.Int - 1;
        public long Long
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                long res = 0;
                bool neg = false;
                while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); }
                do { res = res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]);
                return neg ? -res : res;
            }
        }
        public long Long0 => this.Long - 1;
        public string String
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new List<byte>();
                while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]);
                return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray());
            }
        }
        public string Ascii
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new StringBuilder();
                while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Append((char)buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]);
                return sb.ToString();
            }
        }
        public string Line
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new List<byte>();
                while (buffer[pos] < 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (buffer[pos] != 10 && buffer[pos] != 13);
                return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray());
            }
        }
        public double Double => double.Parse(this.Ascii);

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public struct RepeatReader
        {
            ConsoleReader cr;
            int count;
            public RepeatReader(ConsoleReader cr, int count) { this.cr = cr; this.count = count; }
            public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr); return arr; }
            public string[] Line { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Line; return arr; } }
            public string[] String { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.String; return arr; } }
            public string[] Ascii { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Ascii; return arr; } }
            public int[] Int { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int; return arr; } }
            public int[] Int0 { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int0; return arr; } }
            public long[] Long { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long; return arr; } }
            public long[] Long0 { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long0; return arr; } }
            public double[] Double { get { var arr = new double[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Double; return arr; } }

            public static implicit operator int[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Int;
            public static implicit operator long[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Long;
            public static implicit operator double[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Double;
            public static implicit operator string[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Ascii;
        }
        public RepeatReader Repeat(int count) => new RepeatReader(this, count);

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public struct SplitReader
        {
            ConsoleReader cr;
            public SplitReader(ConsoleReader cr) { this.cr = cr; }
            public string[] String { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.String); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public string[] Ascii { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Ascii); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public int[] Int { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public int[] Int0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public long[] Long { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public long[] Long0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public double[] Double { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<double>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Double); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }

            public static implicit operator int[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Int;
            public static implicit operator long[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Long;
            public static implicit operator double[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Double;
            public static implicit operator string[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Ascii;
        }
        public SplitReader Split => new SplitReader(this);

        public static implicit operator int(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Int;
        public static implicit operator long(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Long;
        public static implicit operator double(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Double;
        public static implicit operator string(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Ascii;
    }
}
public class Program
{
    [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] private ConsoleReader cr;

    public Program(ConsoleReader consoleReader) { this.cr = consoleReader; }
    static void Main() => Console.WriteLine(new Program(new ConsoleReader(Console.OpenStandardInput())).Result());
    #endregion
    public string Result() { var obj = Calc(); if (obj is bool) return (bool)obj ? "Heisei" : "TBD"; if (obj is double) return ((double)obj).ToString("0.####################"); return obj.ToString(); }
    private object Calc()
    {
        str = cr;
        var gc = str.GroupCount();
        return Math.Min(gc.Get('1'), gc.Get('0')) * 2;
    }
    string str;
}