Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

We have a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the following condition:

p_i is the second smallest number among the three numbers p_{i - 1}, p_i, and p_{i + 1}.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq n \leq 20

p is a permutation of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n}.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

n
p_1 p_2 ... p_n

Output

Print the number of elements p_i (1 < i < n) that satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

5
1 3 5 4 2

Sample Output 1

2

p_2 = 3 is the second smallest number among p_1 = 1, p_2 = 3, and p_3 = 5. Also, p_4 = 4 is the second smallest number among p_3 = 5, p_4 = 4, and p_5 = 2. These two elements satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

9
9 6 3 2 5 8 7 4 1

Sample Output 2

5

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

class Program
{
    void Run()
    {
        var sc = new Scanner();
        int n = sc.NextInt();
        int[] p = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            p[i] = sc.NextInt();
        }
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++)
        {
            if ((p[i - 1] > p[i] && p[i] > p[i + 1]) || (p[i - 1] < p[i] && p[i] < p[i + 1])) res++;
        }
        Console.WriteLine(res);
    }

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        new Program().Run();
    }

    static long Gcd(long a, long b)
    {
        if (a < b) return Gcd(b, a);
        if (b == 0) return a;
        return Gcd(b, a % b);
    }

    static long Lcm(long a, long b)
    {
        long d = Gcd(a, b);
        return a / d * b;
    }
}

class Scanner
{
    int index = -1;
    string[] buf;

    public Scanner()
    {
    }

    public int NextInt()
    {
        CheckNext();
        return int.Parse(buf[index++]);
    }

    public long NextLong()
    {
        CheckNext();
        return long.Parse(buf[index++]);
    }

    public double NextDouble()
    {
        CheckNext();
        return double.Parse(buf[index++]);
    }

    public string NextString()
    {
        CheckNext();
        return buf[index++];
    }

    private void CheckNext()
    {
        if (index >= 0 && index < buf.Length) return;

        buf = Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');
        index = 0;
    }
}