Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;
using static System.Math;

namespace NewCompetitionProgramming
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var sc = new SetConsole()) { Solve(); }
        }

        public static void Solve()
        {
            var n = GetString().ToLong();
            CWrite((n - 1) * (1 + (n - 1)) / 2);
        }

        static void CWrite<T>(T str) => Console.WriteLine(str);
        static string GetString() => Console.ReadLine();
        static T[] GetArray<T>()
        {
            var t = typeof(T);
            var str = Console.ReadLine();
            if (t == typeof(string))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split();
            }
            if (t == typeof(int))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.ToNumArray<T>();
            }
            if (t == typeof(long))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.ToNumArray<T>();
            }
            if (t == typeof(double))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.ToNumArray<T>();
            }
            throw new NotSupportedException($"{t} is not supported.");
        }
    }



    class SetConsole : IDisposable
    {
        readonly StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
        public SetConsole()
        {
            sw.AutoFlush = false;
            Console.SetOut(sw);
        }
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Console.Out.Flush();
            sw.AutoFlush = true;
            Console.SetOut(sw);
        }
    }

    static class ExtentionsLibrary
    {
        public static T[] CopyArray<T>(this T[] array)
        {
            var newArray = new T[array.Length];
            Array.Copy(array, newArray, array.Length);
            return newArray;
        }
        public static T[,] CopyTwoDimensionalArray<T>(this T[,] dArray)
        {
            var firstDimentionLength = dArray.GetLength(0);
            var secondDimentionLength = dArray.GetLength(1);
            var newDArray = new T[firstDimentionLength, secondDimentionLength];
            Array.Copy(dArray, newDArray, firstDimentionLength * secondDimentionLength);
            return newDArray;
        }
        public static T[] ToNumArray<T>(this string str)
        {
            var t = typeof(T);
            if (t == typeof(int))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            if (t == typeof(long))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            if (t == typeof(double))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
        public static int ToInt(this string str) => int.Parse(str);
        public static int ToInt(this char chr) => int.Parse(chr.ToString());
        public static long ToLong(this string str) => long.Parse(str);
    }
}