Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There are N pieces of sushi. Each piece has two parameters: "kind of topping" t_i and "deliciousness" d_i.
You are choosing K among these N pieces to eat.
Your "satisfaction" here will be calculated as follows:

The satisfaction is the sum of the "base total deliciousness" and the "variety bonus".

The base total deliciousness is the sum of the deliciousness of the pieces you eat.

The variety bonus is x*x, where x is the number of different kinds of toppings of the pieces you eat.

You want to have as much satisfaction as possible.
Find this maximum satisfaction.

Constraints

1 \leq K \leq N \leq 10^5

1 \leq t_i \leq N

1 \leq d_i \leq 10^9

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
t_1 d_1
t_2 d_2
.
.
.
t_N d_N

Output

Print the maximum satisfaction that you can obtain.

Sample Input 1

5 3
1 9
1 7
2 6
2 5
3 1

Sample Output 1

26

If you eat Sushi 1,2 and 3:

The base total deliciousness is 9+7+6=22.

The variety bonus is 2*2=4.

Thus, your satisfaction will be 26, which is optimal.

Sample Input 2

7 4
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 6
4 5
4 5
4 5

Sample Output 2

25

It is optimal to eat Sushi 1,2,3 and 4.

Sample Input 3

6 5
5 1000000000
2 990000000
3 980000000
6 970000000
6 960000000
4 950000000

Sample Output 3

4900000016

Note that the output may not fit into a 32-bit integer type.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using Yorukatsu051.Questions;
using Yorukatsu051.Extensions;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Yorukatsu051.Questions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc116/tasks/abc116_d
    /// </summary>
    public class QuestionF : AtCoderQuestionBase
    {
        public override IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream)
        {
            var nk = inputStream.ReadIntArray();
            var sushiCount = nk[0];
            var toEatCount = nk[1];

            var sushis = new PriorityQueue<Sushi>(true);

            for (int i = 0; i < sushiCount; i++)
            {
                var td = inputStream.ReadIntArray();
                sushis.Enqueue(new Sushi(td[0], td[1]));
            }

            var bestSushis = new Dictionary<int, Sushi>();
            var duplicated = new PriorityQueue<Sushi>(false);
            long maxPoint = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < toEatCount; i++)
            {
                var sushi = sushis.Dequeue();
                maxPoint += sushi.Deliciousness;
                if (bestSushis.ContainsKey(sushi.Type))
                {
                    if (bestSushis[sushi.Type].CompareTo(sushi) >= 0)
                    {
                        duplicated.Enqueue(sushi);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        duplicated.Enqueue(bestSushis[sushi.Type]);
                        bestSushis[sushi.Type] = sushi;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    bestSushis[sushi.Type] = sushi;
                }
            }

            maxPoint += (long)bestSushis.Count * bestSushis.Count;
            var point = maxPoint;
            while (sushis.Count > 0 && duplicated.Count > 0)
            {
                var sushi = sushis.Dequeue();
                if (bestSushis.ContainsKey(sushi.Type))
                {
                    continue;
                }

                point += sushi.Deliciousness;
                point -= duplicated.Dequeue().Deliciousness;
                long variety = bestSushis.Count;
                point += (variety + 1) * (variety + 1) - variety * variety;
                bestSushis[sushi.Type] = sushi;
                if (point > maxPoint)
                {
                    maxPoint = point;
                }
            }

            yield return maxPoint;
        }

        struct Sushi : IComparable<Sushi>
        {
            public int Type { get; }
            public long Deliciousness { get; }

            public Sushi(int type, long deliciousness)
            {
                Type = type;
                Deliciousness = deliciousness;
            }

            public int CompareTo(Sushi other) => Deliciousness.CompareTo(other.Deliciousness);
        }

        public class PriorityQueue<T> : IEnumerable<T> where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            private List<T> _heap = new List<T>();
            private readonly int _reverseFactor;
            public int Count => _heap.Count;
            public bool IsDescending => _reverseFactor == 1;

            public PriorityQueue(bool descending) : this(descending, null) { }

            public PriorityQueue(bool descending, IEnumerable<T> collection)
            {
                _reverseFactor = descending ? 1 : -1;
                _heap = new List<T>();

                if (collection != null)
                {
                    foreach (var item in collection)
                    {
                        Enqueue(item);
                    }
                }
            }

            public void Enqueue(T item)
            {
                _heap.Add(item);
                UpHeap();
            }

            public T Dequeue()
            {
                var item = _heap[0];
                DownHeap();
                return item;
            }

            public T Peek() => _heap[0];

            private void UpHeap()
            {
                var child = Count - 1;
                while (child > 0)
                {
                    int parent = (child - 1) / 2;

                    if (Compare(_heap[child], _heap[parent]) > 0)
                    {
                        SwapAt(child, parent);
                        child = parent;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }

            private void DownHeap()
            {
                _heap[0] = _heap[Count - 1];
                _heap.RemoveAt(Count - 1);

                var parent = 0;
                while (true)
                {
                    var leftChild = 2 * parent + 1;

                    if (leftChild > Count - 1)
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    var target = (leftChild < Count - 1) && (Compare(_heap[leftChild], _heap[leftChild + 1]) < 0) ? leftChild + 1 : leftChild;

                    if (Compare(_heap[parent], _heap[target]) < 0)
                    {
                        SwapAt(parent, target);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    parent = target;
                }
            }

            private int Compare(T a, T b) => _reverseFactor * a.CompareTo(b);

            private void SwapAt(int n, int m)
            {
                var temp = _heap[n];
                _heap[n] = _heap[m];
                _heap[m] = temp;
            }

            public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
            {
                var copy = new List<T>(_heap);
                try
                {
                    while (Count > 0)
                    {
                        yield return Dequeue();
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    _heap = copy;
                }
            }

            System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => GetEnumerator();
        }

    }
}


namespace Yorukatsu051
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IAtCoderQuestion question = new QuestionF();    // 問題に合わせて書き換え
            var answers = question.Solve(Console.In);
            foreach (var answer in answers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(answer);
            }
        }
    }
}

#region Base Classes

namespace Yorukatsu051.Questions
{

    public interface IAtCoderQuestion
    {
        IEnumerable<object> Solve(string input);
        IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream);
    }

    public abstract class AtCoderQuestionBase : IAtCoderQuestion
    {
        public IEnumerable<object> Solve(string input)
        {
            var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(input));
            var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.Unicode);

            return Solve(reader);
        }

        public abstract IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream);
    }

}

#endregion

#region Extensions

namespace Yorukatsu051.Extensions
{
    internal static class TextReaderExtensions
    {
        internal static int ReadInt(this TextReader reader) => int.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static long ReadLong(this TextReader reader) => long.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static double ReadDouble(this TextReader reader) => double.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static string ReadString(this TextReader reader) => reader.ReadLine();

        internal static int[] ReadIntArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static long[] ReadLongArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static double[] ReadDoubleArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static string[] ReadStringArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => reader.ReadLine().Split(separator);
    }
}

#endregion