Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

There are N towns in the State of Atcoder, connected by M bidirectional roads.

The i-th road connects Town A_i and B_i and has a length of C_i.

Joisino is visiting R towns in the state, r_1,r_2,..,r_R (not necessarily in this order).

She will fly to the first town she visits, and fly back from the last town she visits, but for the rest of the trip she will have to travel by road.

If she visits the towns in the order that minimizes the distance traveled by road, what will that distance be?

Constraints

2≤N≤200

1≤M≤N×(N-1)/2

2≤R≤min(8,N) (min(8,N) is the smaller of 8 and N.)

r_i≠r_j (i≠j)

1≤A_i,B_i≤N, A_i≠B_i

(A_i,B_i)≠(A_j,B_j),(A_i,B_i)≠(B_j,A_j) (i≠j)

1≤C_i≤100000

Every town can be reached from every town by road.

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M R
r_1 ... r_R
A_1 B_1 C_1
:
A_M B_M C_M

Output

Print the distance traveled by road if Joisino visits the towns in the order that minimizes it.

Sample Input 1

3 3 3
1 2 3
1 2 1
2 3 1
3 1 4

Sample Output 1

2

For example, if she visits the towns in the order of 1, 2, 3, the distance traveled will be 2, which is the minimum possible.

Sample Input 2

3 3 2
1 3
2 3 2
1 3 6
1 2 2

Sample Output 2

4

The shortest distance between Towns 1 and 3 is 4. Thus, whether she visits Town 1 or 3 first, the distance traveled will be 4.

Sample Input 3

4 6 3
2 3 4
1 2 4
2 3 3
4 3 1
1 4 1
4 2 2
3 1 6

Sample Output 3

3

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

#region いつもの
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using AtCoderProject;
using ConsoleReader = AtCoderProject.Reader.ConsoleReader;
using IEnumerable = System.Collections.IEnumerable;
using IEnumerator = System.Collections.IEnumerator;
using BigInteger = System.Numerics.BigInteger;
using TextReader = System.IO.TextReader;
using StringBuilder = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using static AtCoderProject.Global;
using static AtCoderProject.NumGlobal;

namespace AtCoderProject
{
    public static class Global
    {
        public static void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) { T tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
        public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, T value) => new T[len0].Fill(value);
        public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = factory();
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, T value) where T : struct
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, value);
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, Func<T> factory)
        {
            var arr = new T[len0][][][];
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, factory);
            return arr;
        }
        private class ComparerReverseImpl<T> : Comparer<T> where T : IComparable<T> { public override int Compare(T y, T x) => x.CompareTo(y); public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj != null && GetType() == obj.GetType(); public override int GetHashCode() => GetType().GetHashCode(); }
        public static IComparer<T> ComparerReverse<T>() where T : IComparable<T> => new ComparerReverseImpl<T>();
        public static string AllLines<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) => string.Join("\n", source);
        public static string AllJoin<T>(IEnumerable<T> source) => string.Join(" ", source);
        public static bool UpdateMax(ref int r, int val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMax(ref long r, long val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMin(ref int r, int val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
        public static bool UpdateMin(ref long r, long val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; }
    }
    public static class NumGlobal
    {
        public static int Pow(int x, int y)
        {
            int res = 1;
            for (; y > 0; y >>= 1)
            {
                if ((y & 1) == 1) res *= x;
                x *= x;
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static BigInteger ParseBigInteger(string s)
        {
            // 自前実装の方が速い
            var res = BigInteger.Zero;
            var splited = new string[(s.Length + 7) / 8];
            for (var i = 0; i < splited.Length - 1; i++)
            {
                splited[i] = s.Substring(8 * i, 8);
            }
            splited[splited.Length - 1] = s.Substring(8 * (splited.Length - 1));
            foreach (var sp in splited)
            {
                res *= (int)Math.Pow(10, sp.Length);
                res += int.Parse(sp);
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static int BitCount(int x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x55555555; x = (x & 0x33333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x33333333); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; return x & 0x3f; }
        public static int BitCount(long x) { x -= (x >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555; x = (x & 0x3333333333333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333); x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f; x += x >> 8; x += x >> 16; x += x >> 32; return (int)(x & 0x0000007f); }
        public static int MSB(int x) { x |= x >> 1; x |= x >> 2; x |= x >> 4; x |= x >> 8; x |= x >> 16; return BitCount(x) - 1; }
        public static int MSB(long x) { x |= x >> 1; x |= x >> 2; x |= x >> 4; x |= x >> 8; x |= x >> 16; x |= x >> 32; return BitCount(x) - 1; }
        public static int LSB(int x) { x |= x << 1; x |= x << 2; x |= x << 4; x |= x << 8; x |= x << 16; return 32 - BitCount(x); }
        public static int LSB(long x) { x |= x << 1; x |= x << 2; x |= x << 4; x |= x << 8; x |= x << 16; x |= x << 32; return 64 - BitCount(x); }
    }
    public static class Ext
    {
        public static long ToLong(this int i) => i;
        public static T[] Fill<T>(this T[] arr, T value)
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = value;
            return arr;
        }
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Sort(arr); return arr; }
        public static string[] Sort(this string[] arr) => Sort(arr, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
        public static T[] Sort<T, U>(this T[] arr, Func<T, U> selector) where U : IComparable<U> => Sort(arr, (a, b) => selector(a).CompareTo(selector(b)));
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, Comparison<T> comparison) { Array.Sort(arr, comparison); return arr; }
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, IComparer<T> comparer) { Array.Sort(arr, comparer); return arr; }
        public static T[] Reverse<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Reverse(arr); return arr; }
        public static Tuple<int, T> MaxBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            T max = arr[0];
            int maxIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (max.CompareTo(arr[i]) < 0)
                {
                    max = arr[i];
                    maxIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(maxIndex, max);
        }
        public static Tuple<TSource, TMax> MaxBy<TSource, TMax>
            (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMax> maxBySelector)
            where TMax : IComparable<TMax>
        {
            TMax max;
            TSource maxByItem;

            var e = source.GetEnumerator();
            e.MoveNext();
            maxByItem = e.Current;
            max = maxBySelector(maxByItem);
            while (e.MoveNext())
            {
                var item = e.Current;
                var next = maxBySelector(item);
                if (max.CompareTo(next) < 0)
                {
                    max = next;
                    maxByItem = item;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(maxByItem, max);
        }
        public static Tuple<int, T> MinBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T>
        {
            T min = arr[0];
            int minIndex = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
            {
                if (min.CompareTo(arr[i]) > 0)
                {
                    min = arr[i];
                    minIndex = i;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(minIndex, min);
        }
        public static Tuple<TSource, TMin> MinBy<TSource, TMin>
            (this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMin> minBySelector)
            where TMin : IComparable<TMin>
        {
            TMin min;
            TSource minByItem;

            var e = source.GetEnumerator();
            e.MoveNext();
            minByItem = e.Current;
            min = minBySelector(minByItem);
            while (e.MoveNext())
            {
                var item = e.Current;
                var next = minBySelector(item);
                if (min.CompareTo(next) > 0)
                {
                    min = next;
                    minByItem = item;
                }
            }
            return Tuple.Create(minByItem, min);
        }
        public static IEnumerable<TSource> Append<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource element)
        {
            foreach (var item in source)
                yield return item;
            yield return element;
        }
        public static IEnumerable<TSource> Prepend<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, TSource element)
        {
            yield return element;
            foreach (var item in source)
                yield return item;
        }
        public static IComparer<T> Reverse<T>(this IComparer<T> comparer) => Comparer<T>.Create((x, y) => comparer.Compare(y, x));
        public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => source.GroupBy(keySelector).ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.Count());
        public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TKey>(this IEnumerable<TKey> source) => source.GroupCount(i => i);
        public static TValue Get<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key)
        {
            TValue v;
            dic.TryGetValue(key, out v);
            return v;
        }
        public static TValue GetOrInit<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key, TValue value)
        {
            TValue v;
            if (dic.TryGetValue(key, out v))
                return v;
            return dic[key] = value;
        }
    }
    public class ΔDebugView<T> { private IEnumerable<T> collection; public ΔDebugView(IEnumerable<T> collection) { if (collection == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection)); this.collection = collection; }[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] public T[] Items => collection.ToArray(); }
}
namespace AtCoderProject.Reader
{
    using System.IO;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    [DebuggerNonUserCode]
    public class ConsoleReader
    {
        const int BufSize = 1 << 12;
        private readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[BufSize];
        private readonly Stream input;
        private readonly Encoding encoding;
        private int pos = 0;
        private int len = 0;
        public ConsoleReader(Stream input, Encoding encoding) { this.input = input; this.encoding = encoding; }
        public ConsoleReader(Stream input) : this(input, Encoding.UTF8) { }
        public ConsoleReader(string text) : this(new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text))) { }
        private void MoveNext() { if (++pos >= len) { len = input.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (len == 0) { buffer[0] = 10; } pos = 0; } }

        public int Int
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                int res = 0;
                bool neg = false;
                while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); }
                do { res = res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]);
                return neg ? -res : res;
            }
        }
        public int Int0 => this.Int - 1;
        public long Long
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                long res = 0;
                bool neg = false;
                while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); }
                do { res = res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]);
                return neg ? -res : res;
            }
        }
        public long Long0 => this.Long - 1;
        public string String
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new List<byte>();
                while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]);
                return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray());
            }
        }
        public string Ascii
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new StringBuilder();
                while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Append((char)buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]);
                return sb.ToString();
            }
        }
        public string Line
        {
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            get
            {
                var sb = new List<byte>();
                while (buffer[pos] < 32) MoveNext();
                do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (buffer[pos] != 10 && buffer[pos] != 13);
                return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray());
            }
        }
        public double Double => double.Parse(this.Ascii);

        [DebuggerNonUserCode]
        public struct RepeatReader
        {
            ConsoleReader cr;
            int count;
            public RepeatReader(ConsoleReader cr, int count) { this.cr = cr; this.count = count; }
            public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr); return arr; }
            public string[] Line { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Line; return arr; } }
            public string[] String { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.String; return arr; } }
            public string[] Ascii { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Ascii; return arr; } }
            public int[] Int { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int; return arr; } }
            public int[] Int0 { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int0; return arr; } }
            public long[] Long { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long; return arr; } }
            public long[] Long0 { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long0; return arr; } }
            public double[] Double { get { var arr = new double[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Double; return arr; } }
        }
        public RepeatReader Repeat(int count) => new RepeatReader(this, count);

        [DebuggerNonUserCode]
        public struct SplitReader
        {
            ConsoleReader cr;
            public SplitReader(ConsoleReader cr) { this.cr = cr; }
            public string[] String { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.String); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public string[] Ascii { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Ascii); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public int[] Int { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public int[] Int0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public long[] Long { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public long[] Long0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
            public double[] Double { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<double>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Double); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } }
        }
        public SplitReader Split => new SplitReader(this);
    }
}
public class Program
{
    [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] private ConsoleReader cr;

    public Program(ConsoleReader consoleReader) { this.cr = consoleReader; }
    static void Main() => Console.WriteLine(new Program(new ConsoleReader(Console.OpenStandardInput())).Result());
    #endregion
    public string Result() { var obj = Calc(); if (obj is bool) return (bool)obj ? "Fennec" : "Snuke"; if (obj is double) return ((double)obj).ToString("0.####################"); return obj.ToString(); }
    private object Calc()
    {
        var N = cr.Int;
        var M = cr.Int;
        var R = cr.Int;
        var rs = cr.Repeat(R).Int0;
        var dist = WarshallFloyd(new WGraphBuilder(N, cr, M, false).ToArray());
        var dp = NewArray(1 << R, long.MaxValue);
        dp[0] = 0;
        for (int r = 0; r < R; r++)
            dp[1 << r] = 0;
        var pq = new PriorityQueue<int, BitArray>(dp.Length);
        for (int i = 1; i < dp.Length; i++)
            pq.Add(BitCount(i), i);
        while (pq.Count > 0)
        {
            var i = pq.Dequeue().Value;
            for (int r = 0; r < R; r++)
            {
                var next = i | 1 << r;
                if (next != i)
                {
                    var to = rs[r];
                    foreach (var b in i.Bits())
                        UpdateMin(ref dp[next], dp[i] + dist[rs[b]][to]);
                }
            }
        }
        return dp[dp.Length - 1];
    }
    long[][] WarshallFloyd(WNode[] graph)
    {
        var res = NewArray(graph.Length, graph.Length, 0L);
        for (var i = 0; i < graph.Length; i++)
        {
            for (var j = 0; j < graph.Length; j++)
            {
                res[i][j] = long.MaxValue / 2;
            }
            res[i][i] = 0;
            foreach (var next in graph[i].children)
                res[i][next.to] = next.value;
        }
        for (var k = 0; k < graph.Length; k++)
            for (var i = 0; i < graph.Length; i++)
                for (var j = 0; j < graph.Length; j++)
                    if (res[i][j] > res[i][k] + res[k][j])
                        res[i][j] = res[i][k] + res[k][j];
        return res;
    }

}
[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay("Count = {" + nameof(Count) + "}")]
class PriorityQueue<TKey, TValue>
{
    private readonly List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> data;
    private readonly IComparer<TKey> comparer;
    public PriorityQueue() : this(Comparer<TKey>.Default) { }
    public PriorityQueue(int capacity) : this(capacity, Comparer<TKey>.Default) { }
    public PriorityQueue(IComparer<TKey> comparer) { this.data = new List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>(); this.comparer = comparer; }
    public PriorityQueue(int capacity, IComparer<TKey> comparer) { this.data = new List<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>(capacity); this.comparer = comparer; }

    public int Count => data.Count;
    public KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> Peek => data[0];

    public void Add(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        data.Add(new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value));
        UpdateUp(data.Count - 1);
    }
    public KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> Dequeue()
    {
        var res = data[0];
        data[0] = data[data.Count - 1];
        data.RemoveAt(data.Count - 1);
        UpdateDown(0);
        return res;
    }

    private void UpdateUp(int i)
    {
        if (i > 0)
        {
            var p = (i - 1) >> 1;
            if (comparer.Compare(data[i].Key, data[p].Key) < 0)
            {
                var tmp = data[p];
                data[p] = data[i];
                data[i] = tmp;
                UpdateUp(p);
            }
        }
    }
    private void UpdateDown(int i)
    {
        var n = data.Count;
        var child = 2 * i + 1;
        if (child < n)
        {
            if (child != n - 1 && comparer.Compare(data[child].Key, data[child + 1].Key) > 0)
                child++;
            if (comparer.Compare(data[i].Key, data[child].Key) > 0)
            {
                var tmp = data[child];
                data[child] = data[i];
                data[i] = tmp;
                UpdateDown(child);
            }
        }
    }

#pragma warning disable IDE0051
    [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] private KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>[] Items => data.ToArray().Sort((a, b) => comparer.Compare(a.Key, b.Key));

}

class WGraphBuilder
{
    private List<Next>[] roots;
    private List<Next>[] children;
    public WGraphBuilder(int count, bool isOriented)
    {
        this.roots = new List<Next>[count];
        this.children = new List<Next>[count];
        for (var i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            if (isOriented)
            {
                this.roots[i] = new List<Next>();
                this.children[i] = new List<Next>();
            }
            else
            {
                this.roots[i] = this.children[i] = new List<Next>();
            }
        }
    }
    public WGraphBuilder(int count, ConsoleReader cr, int edgeCount, bool isOriented) : this(count, isOriented)
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < edgeCount; i++)
            this.Add(cr.Int0, cr.Int0, cr.Int);
    }
    public void Add(int from, int to, int value)
    {
        children[from].Add(new Next { to = to, value = value });
        roots[to].Add(new Next { to = from, value = value });
    }
    public WNode[] ToArray() =>
        Enumerable
        .Zip(roots, children, (r, c) => Tuple.Create(r, c))
        .Select((t, i) => new WNode(i, t.Item1.ToArray(), t.Item2.ToArray()))
        .ToArray();
    public WTreeNode[] ToTree(int root)
    {
        if (this.roots[0] != this.children[0]) throw new Exception("木には無向グラフをしたほうが良い");
        var res = new WTreeNode[this.children.Length];
        res[root] = new WTreeNode(root, -1, 0, 0, this.children[root].ToArray());

        var queue = new Queue<int>();
        foreach (var child in res[root].children)
        {
            res[child.to] = new WTreeNode(child.to, root, 1, child.value, Array.Empty<Next>());
            queue.Enqueue(child.to);
        }

        while (queue.Count > 0)
        {
            var from = queue.Dequeue();
            if (res[from].root == -1)
                res[from].children = this.children[from].ToArray();
            else
            {
                var children = new List<Next>(this.children[from].Count);
                foreach (var c in this.children[from])
                    if (c.to != res[from].root)
                        children.Add(c);

                res[from].children = children.ToArray();
            }

            foreach (var child in res[from].children)
            {
                res[child.to] = new WTreeNode(child.to, from, res[from].depth + 1, res[from].depthLength + child.value, Array.Empty<Next>());
                queue.Enqueue(child.to);
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}
struct Next
{
    public int to;
    public int value;
    public override string ToString() => $"to: {to} value:{value}";
}
class WTreeNode
{
    public WTreeNode(int i, int root, int depth, long depthLength, Next[] children)
    {
        this.index = i;
        this.root = root;
        this.children = children;
        this.depth = depth;
        this.depthLength = depthLength;
    }
    public readonly int index;
    public readonly int root;
    public readonly int depth;
    public readonly long depthLength;
    public Next[] children;

    public override string ToString() => $"children: {string.Join(",", children)}";
    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (obj is WTreeNode)
            return this.Equals((WTreeNode)obj);
        else
            return false;
    }
    public bool Equals(WTreeNode other) => this.index == other.index;
    public override int GetHashCode() => this.index;
}
class WNode
{
    public WNode(int i, Next[] roots, Next[] children)
    {
        this.index = i;
        this.roots = roots;
        this.children = children;
    }
    public int index;
    public Next[] roots;
    public Next[] children;

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if (obj is WNode)
            return this.Equals((WNode)obj);
        else
            return false;
    }
    public bool Equals(WNode other) => this.index == other.index;
    public override int GetHashCode() => this.index;
    public override string ToString() => $"children: ({string.Join("),(", children)})";
}

struct BitArray : IEquatable<BitArray>, IEnumerable<bool>
{
    private readonly int num;
    public BitArray(int num) { this.num = num; }
    public bool this[int index] => ((num >> index) & 1) != 0;

    public static BitArray operator &(BitArray bits, int r) => new BitArray(bits.num & r);
    public static BitArray operator |(BitArray bits, int r) => new BitArray(bits.num | r);
    public static BitArray operator ^(BitArray bits, int r) => new BitArray(bits.num ^ r);
    public static BitArray operator +(BitArray bits, int r) => new BitArray(bits.num + r);
    public static BitArray operator -(BitArray bits, int r) => new BitArray(bits.num - r);
    public static implicit operator BitArray(int num) => new BitArray(num);
    public static implicit operator int(BitArray bits) => bits.num;

    public override string ToString() => Convert.ToString(num, 2).PadLeft(sizeof(int) * 8, '0');
    public bool Equals(BitArray other) => this.num == other.num;
    public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is BitArray && Equals((BitArray)obj);
    public override int GetHashCode() => this.num.GetHashCode();
    public IEnumerable<int> Bits()
    {
        var msb = MSB(this) + 1;
        for (var i = 0; i < msb; i++)
            if (((num >> i) & 1) == 1)
                yield return i;
    }
    public IEnumerator<bool> GetEnumerator()
    {
        const int len = sizeof(int) * 8;
        for (var i = 0; i < len; i++)
            yield return ((num >> i) & 1) == 1;
    }
    IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => this.GetEnumerator();
}