Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

We have a set S of N points in a two-dimensional plane. The coordinates of the i-th point are (x_i, y_i). The N points have distinct x-coordinates and distinct y-coordinates.

For a non-empty subset T of S, let f(T) be the number of points contained in the smallest rectangle, whose sides are parallel to the coordinate axes, that contains all the points in T. More formally, we define f(T) as follows:

f(T) := (the number of integers i (1 \leq i \leq N) such that a \leq x_i \leq b and c \leq y_i \leq d, where a, b, c, and d are the minimum x-coordinate, the maximum x-coordinate, the minimum y-coordinate, and the maximum y-coordinate of the points in T)

Find the sum of f(T) over all non-empty subset T of S. Since it can be enormous, print the sum modulo 998244353.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

-10^9 \leq x_i, y_i \leq 10^9

x_i \neq x_j (i \neq j)

y_i \neq y_j (i \neq j)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1
:
x_N y_N

Output

Print the sum of f(T) over all non-empty subset T of S, modulo 998244353.

Sample Input 1

3
-1 3
2 1
3 -2

Sample Output 1

13

Let the first, second, and third points be P_1, P_2, and P_3, respectively. S = \{P_1, P_2, P_3\} has seven non-empty subsets, and f has the following values for each of them:

f(\{P_1\}) = 1

f(\{P_2\}) = 1

f(\{P_3\}) = 1

f(\{P_1, P_2\}) = 2

f(\{P_2, P_3\}) = 2

f(\{P_3, P_1\}) = 3

f(\{P_1, P_2, P_3\}) = 3

The sum of these is 13.

Sample Input 2

4
1 4
2 1
3 3
4 2

Sample Output 2

34

Sample Input 3

10
19 -11
-3 -12
5 3
3 -15
8 -14
-9 -20
10 -9
0 2
-7 17
6 -6

Sample Output 3

7222

Be sure to print the sum modulo 998244353.

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#region いつもの
using AtCoderProject;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;
using static AtCoderProject.Global;
using BigInteger = System.Numerics.BigInteger;
using BitOperations = System.Numerics.BitOperations;
using IEnumerable = System.Collections.IEnumerable;
using IEnumerator = System.Collections.IEnumerator;
using StringBuilder = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using Unsafe = System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe;

namespace AtCoderProject { using System.IO; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; public static class Global { public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, T value) => new T[len0].Fill(value); public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = factory(); return arr; } public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, T value) where T : struct { var arr = new T[len0][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, value); return arr; } public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, factory); return arr; } public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, T value) where T : struct { var arr = new T[len0][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, value); return arr; } public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, factory); return arr; } public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, T value) where T : struct { var arr = new T[len0][][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, value); return arr; } public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0][][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, factory); return arr; } public static long Pow(long x, int y) { var res = 1L; for (; y > 0; y >>= 1) { if ((y & 1) == 1) res *= x; x *= x; } return res; } public static BigInteger ParseBigInteger(ReadOnlySpan<char> s) { /* 自前実装の方が速い */ BigInteger res; if (s.Length % 9 == 0) res = 0; else { res = new BigInteger(int.Parse(s.Slice(0, s.Length % 9))); s = s.Slice(s.Length % 9); } while (s.Length > 0) { var sp = s.Slice(0, 9); res *= 1000_000_000; res += int.Parse(sp); s = s.Slice(9); } return res; } public static int PopCount(int x) => BitOperations.PopCount((uint)x); public static int PopCount(long x) => BitOperations.PopCount((ulong)x); public static int PopCount(ulong x) => BitOperations.PopCount(x); public static int MSB(int x) => BitOperations.Log2((uint)x); public static int MSB(uint x) => BitOperations.Log2(x); public static int MSB(long x) => BitOperations.Log2((ulong)x); public static int MSB(ulong x) => BitOperations.Log2(x); public static int LSB(int x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount((uint)x); public static int LSB(uint x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(x); public static int LSB(long x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount((ulong)x); public static int LSB(ulong x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(x); } public static class Ext { public static bool UpdateMax(this ref int r, int val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static bool UpdateMax(this ref long r, long val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static bool UpdateMin(this ref int r, int val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static bool UpdateMin(this ref long r, long val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static long ToLong(this int i) => i; public static T[] Fill<T>(this T[] arr, T value) { Array.Fill(arr, value); return arr; } public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Sort(arr); return arr; } public static string[] Sort(this string[] arr) => Sort(arr, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); public static T[] Sort<T, U>(this T[] arr, Func<T, U> selector) where U : IComparable<U> => Sort(arr, (a, b) => selector(a).CompareTo(selector(b))); public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, Comparison<T> comparison) { Array.Sort(arr, comparison); return arr; } public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, IComparer<T> comparer) { Array.Sort(arr, comparer); return arr; } public static T[] Reverse<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Reverse(arr); return arr; } public static (int index, T max) MaxBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T> { T max = arr[0]; int maxIndex = 0; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) { if (max.CompareTo(arr[i]) < 0) { max = arr[i]; maxIndex = i; } } return (maxIndex, max); } public static (TSource item, TMax max) MaxBy<TSource, TMax>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMax> maxBySelector) where TMax : IComparable<TMax> { TMax max; TSource maxByItem; var e = source.GetEnumerator(); e.MoveNext(); maxByItem = e.Current; max = maxBySelector(maxByItem); while (e.MoveNext()) { var item = e.Current; var next = maxBySelector(item); if (max.CompareTo(next) < 0) { max = next; maxByItem = item; } } return (maxByItem, max); } public static (int index, T min) MinBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T> { T min = arr[0]; int minIndex = 0; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) { if (min.CompareTo(arr[i]) > 0) { min = arr[i]; minIndex = i; } } return (minIndex, min); } public static (TSource item, TMin min) MinBy<TSource, TMin>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMin> minBySelector) where TMin : IComparable<TMin> { TMin min; TSource minByItem; var e = source.GetEnumerator(); e.MoveNext(); minByItem = e.Current; min = minBySelector(minByItem); while (e.MoveNext()) { var item = e.Current; var next = minBySelector(item); if (min.CompareTo(next) > 0) { min = next; minByItem = item; } } return (minByItem, min); } public static IComparer<T> Reverse<T>(this IComparer<T> comparer) => Comparer<T>.Create((x, y) => comparer.Compare(y, x)); public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => source.GroupBy(keySelector).ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.Count()); public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TKey>(this IEnumerable<TKey> source) => source.GroupCount(i => i); public static ref T Get<T>(this T[] arr, int index) { if (index < 0) return ref arr[arr.Length + index]; return ref arr[index]; } public static TValue Get<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key) { dic.TryGetValue(key, out var v); return v; } public static TValue GetOrInit<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key, TValue value) { if (dic.TryGetValue(key, out var v)) return v; return dic[key] = value; } } public class ReverseComparer<T> : Comparer<T> where T : IComparable<T> { private static ReverseComparer<T> defaultComparer; public static new IComparer<T> Default => defaultComparer ??= new ReverseComparer<T>(); public override int Compare(T y, T x) => x.CompareTo(y); public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj != null && GetType() == obj.GetType(); public override int GetHashCode() => GetType().GetHashCode(); } public class ΔDebugView<T> { private IEnumerable<T> collection; public ΔDebugView(IEnumerable<T> collection) { this.collection = collection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection)); }[DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] public T[] Items => collection.ToArray(); }[DebuggerStepThrough] public class ConsoleReader { const int BufSize = 1 << 12; private readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[BufSize]; private readonly Stream input; private readonly Encoding encoding; private int pos = 0; private int len = 0; public ConsoleReader(Stream input, Encoding encoding) { this.input = input; this.encoding = encoding; } public ConsoleReader(Stream input) : this(input, Console.InputEncoding) { } private void MoveNext() { if (++pos >= len) { len = input.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (len == 0) { buffer[0] = 10; } pos = 0; } } public int Int { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { int res = 0; bool neg = false; while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); } do { res = checked(res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48)); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]); return neg ? -res : res; } } public int Int0 => this.Int - 1; public long Long { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { long res = 0; bool neg = false; while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); } do { res = res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]); return neg ? -res : res; } } public long Long0 => this.Long - 1; public string String { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { var sb = new List<byte>(); while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]); return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray()); } } public string Ascii { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { var sb = new StringBuilder(); while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); do { sb.Append((char)buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]); return sb.ToString(); } } public string Line { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { var sb = new List<byte>(); while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (buffer[pos] != 10 && buffer[pos] != 13); return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray()); } } public char Char { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); char res = (char)buffer[pos]; MoveNext(); return res; } } public double Double => double.Parse(this.Ascii);[DebuggerStepThrough] public struct RepeatReader { ConsoleReader cr; int count; public RepeatReader(ConsoleReader cr, int count) { this.cr = cr; this.count = count; } public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr); return arr; } public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, int, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr, i); return arr; } public string[] Line { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Line; return arr; } } public string[] String { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.String; return arr; } } public string[] Ascii { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Ascii; return arr; } } public int[] Int { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int; return arr; } } public int[] Int0 { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int0; return arr; } } public long[] Long { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long; return arr; } } public long[] Long0 { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long0; return arr; } } public double[] Double { get { var arr = new double[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Double; return arr; } } public static implicit operator int[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Int; public static implicit operator long[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Long; public static implicit operator double[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Double; public static implicit operator string[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Ascii; } public RepeatReader Repeat(int count) => new RepeatReader(this, count);[DebuggerStepThrough] public struct SplitReader { ConsoleReader cr; public SplitReader(ConsoleReader cr) { this.cr = cr; } public string[] String { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.String); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public string[] Ascii { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Ascii); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public int[] Int { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public int[] Int0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public long[] Long { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public long[] Long0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public double[] Double { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<double>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Double); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public static implicit operator int[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Int; public static implicit operator long[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Long; public static implicit operator double[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Double; public static implicit operator string[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Ascii; } public SplitReader Split => new SplitReader(this); public static implicit operator int(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Int; public static implicit operator long(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Long; public static implicit operator double(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Double; public static implicit operator string(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Ascii; public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2) => (o1, o2) = (this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3) => (o1, o2, o3) = (this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4) => (o1, o2, o3, o4) = (this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5) = (this, this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5, out ConsoleReader o6) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6) = (this, this, this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5, out ConsoleReader o6, out ConsoleReader o7) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7) = (this, this, this, this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5, out ConsoleReader o6, out ConsoleReader o7, out ConsoleReader o8) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, o8) = (this, this, this, this, this, this, this, this); }[DebuggerStepThrough] public class ConsoleWriter { private readonly StreamWriter sw; public ConsoleWriter(Stream output) : this(output, Console.OutputEncoding) { } public ConsoleWriter(Stream output, Encoding encoding) { sw = new StreamWriter(output, encoding); } public void Flush() => sw.Flush(); public ConsoleWriter WriteLine(ReadOnlySpan<char> obj) { sw.WriteLine(obj); return this; } public ConsoleWriter WriteLine<T>(T obj) { sw.WriteLine(obj.ToString()); return this; } public ConsoleWriter WriteLineJoin<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T> col) => WriteMany(' ', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLineJoin<T>(IEnumerable<T> col) => WriteMany(' ', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLines<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T> col) => WriteMany('\n', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLines<T>(IEnumerable<T> col) => WriteMany('\n', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLineGrid<T>(IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> cols) { var en = cols.GetEnumerator(); while (en.MoveNext()) WriteLineJoin(en.Current); return this; } private ConsoleWriter WriteMany<T>(char sep, ReadOnlySpan<T> col) { var en = col.GetEnumerator(); if (!en.MoveNext()) return this; sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); while (en.MoveNext()) { sw.Write(sep); sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); } sw.WriteLine(); return this; } private ConsoleWriter WriteMany<T>(char sep, IEnumerable<T> col) { var en = col.GetEnumerator(); if (!en.MoveNext()) return this; sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); while (en.MoveNext()) { sw.Write(sep); sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); } sw.WriteLine(); return this; } } }
public partial class Program {[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] public ConsoleReader cr;[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] public ConsoleWriter cw; public Program(ConsoleReader reader, ConsoleWriter writer) { this.cr = reader; this.cw = writer; System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; } static void Main() => new Program(new ConsoleReader(Console.OpenStandardInput()), new ConsoleWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput())).Run(); public void Run() { var res = Calc(); if (res is double) cw.WriteLine(Result((double)res)); else if (res is bool) cw.WriteLine(Result((bool)res)); else if (res != null) cw.WriteLine(res.ToString()); cw.Flush(); } }
public partial class Program
{
    public static string Result(double d) => d.ToString("0.####################", System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
    #endregion
    public static string Result(bool b) => b ? "Yes" : "No";
    private object Calc()
    {
        N = cr;
        points = new Point[N];
        var xs = new int[N];
        var ys = new int[N];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            xs[i] = cr;
            ys[i] = cr;
        }
        xs = Compressed(xs);
        ys = Compressed(ys);
        bitL = new BinaryIndexedTree(N);
        bitR = new BinaryIndexedTree(N);
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            points[i] = new Point(xs[i], ys[i]);
            bitR.Add(ys[i], 1);
        }
        points.Sort();

        foreach (var p in points)
            Calc(p);
        return res;
    }
    void Calc(Point p)
    {
        bitR.Add(p.y, -1);
        Mod hidariue, hidarishita, migiue, migishita;
        {
            int hidari = bitL.Sum(N);
            int migi = bitR.Sum(N);
            int hs = bitL.Sum(p.y);
            int ms = bitR.Sum(p.y);
            hidarishita = Mod.Pow(2, hs);
            migishita = Mod.Pow(2, ms);
            hidariue = Mod.Pow(2, hidari - hs);
            migiue = Mod.Pow(2, migi - ms);
        }
        res += Mod.Pow(2, N - 1);
        res += (hidarishita - 1) * (migiue - 1) * hidariue * migishita;
        res += (hidariue - 1) * (migishita - 1) * hidarishita * migiue;
        res -= (hidariue - 1) * (migishita - 1) * (hidarishita - 1) * (migiue - 1);
        bitL.Add(p.y, 1);
    }
    Mod.Factor factors = Mod.CreateFactor(1 + (int)1e5);
    Mod res;
    BinaryIndexedTree bitL;
    BinaryIndexedTree bitR;
    int N;
    Point[] points;
    static Dictionary<int, int> Compress(int[] orig) { var ox = new HashSet<int>(orig).ToArray().Sort(); var zip = new Dictionary<int, int>(); for (int i = 0; i < ox.Length; i++) zip[ox[i]] = i; return zip; }
    static int[] Compressed(int[] orig) { var res = new int[orig.Length]; var zip = Compress(orig); for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++) res[i] = zip[orig[i]]; return res; }
}

readonly struct Mod : IEquatable<Mod> { public const long mod = 998244353; public static readonly Mod invalid = new Mod(-1, false); public readonly long val; private Mod(long val, bool isValid) : this(val) { if (!isValid) this.val = val; } public Mod(long val) { this.val = val % mod; if (this.val < 0) this.val += mod; } public override bool Equals(object obj) => (obj is Mod) && this == ((Mod)obj); public bool Equals(Mod obj) => this.val == obj.val; public override int GetHashCode() => val.GetHashCode(); public override string ToString() => val.ToString(); public static implicit operator Mod(long x) => new Mod(x); public static implicit operator Mod(ConsoleReader cr) => new Mod(cr.Long); public static Mod operator -(Mod x) => new Mod(-x.val); public static Mod operator +(Mod x, Mod y) => new Mod(x.val + y.val); public static Mod operator -(Mod x, Mod y) => new Mod(x.val - y.val); public static Mod operator *(Mod x, Mod y) => new Mod(x.val * y.val); public static Mod operator /(Mod x, Mod y) => x * y.Inverse(); public static bool operator ==(Mod x, Mod y) => x.val == y.val; public static bool operator !=(Mod x, Mod y) => x.val != y.val; public Mod Inverse() { long a = val, b = mod, u = 1, v = 0; while (b > 0) { long t = a / b; var b2 = a - t * b; a = b; b = b2; var v2 = u - t * v; u = v; v = v2; } u %= mod; if (u < 0) u += mod; return u; } public static Mod Pow(Mod x, int y) { Mod res = 1; for (; y > 0; y >>= 1) { if ((y & 1) == 1) res *= x; x *= x; } return res; } public static Factor CreateFactor(int max) => new Factor(max); public class Factor { private readonly Mod[] fac, finv; public Factor(int max) { ++max; var inv = new Mod[max]; fac = new Mod[max]; finv = new Mod[max]; fac[0] = fac[1] = 1; finv[0] = finv[1] = 1; inv[1] = 1; for (var i = 2; i < max; i++) { fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i; inv[i] = mod - inv[mod % i].val * (mod / i) % mod; finv[i] = finv[i - 1] * inv[i]; } } /** <summary>組み合わせ関数(二項係数)</summary> */ public Mod Combine(int n, int k) { if (n < k) return 0; if (n < 0 || k < 0) return 0; return fac[n] * finv[k] * finv[n - k]; } public Mod Factorial(int n) => fac[n]; public Mod FactorialInvers(int n) => finv[n]; } }
static class ModExt { public static Mod Sum(this IEnumerable<Mod> source) { Mod sum = 0; foreach (var v in source) sum += v; return sum; } }

readonly struct Point : IEquatable<Point>, IComparable<Point>
{
    public readonly int x;
    public readonly int y;
    public Point(ConsoleReader cr) : this(cr, cr) { }
    public Point(int x, int y)
    {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    [System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsable(System.ComponentModel.EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
    public void Deconstruct(out int v1, out int v2) { v1 = x; v2 = y; }
    public static implicit operator Point((int x, int y) tuple) => new Point(tuple.x, tuple.y);
    public double Distance(Point other) => Math.Sqrt(Distance2(other));
    private long Distance2(Point other)
    {
        var p = other - this;
        return (long)p.x * p.x + (long)p.y * p.y;
    }
    public long Inner(Point other) => (long)x * other.x + (long)y * other.y;
    public long Cross(Point other) => (long)x * other.y - (long)y * other.x;
    public static Point operator +(Point a, Point b) => new Point(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
    public static Point operator -(Point a, Point b) => new Point(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
    public int CompareTo(Point other)
    {
        var xd = this.x.CompareTo(other.x);
        if (xd != 0) return xd;
        return this.y.CompareTo(other.y);
    }

    public bool Equals(Point other) => this.x == other.x && this.y == other.y;
    public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is Point && Equals((Point)obj);
    public override int GetHashCode() => HashCode.Combine(x, y);
    public override string ToString() => $"({x}, {y})";
}


[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(BinaryIndexedTreeDebugView))]
class BinaryIndexedTree
{
    private int Operate(int v, int w) => v + w;
    public void Add(int i, int w)
    {
        for (++i; i < tree.Length; i += (i & -i))
            tree[i] = Operate(tree[i], w);
    }
    public int Sum(int toExclusive)
    {
        int res = 0;
        for (var i = toExclusive; i > 0; i -= (i & -i))
            res = Operate(res, tree[i]);
        return res;
    }

    public int Sum(int from, int toExclusive) => Sum(toExclusive) - Sum(from);
    public int LowerBound(int w)
    {
        if (w <= 0) return 0;
        int x = 0;
        for (int k = 1 << MSB(tree.Length - 1); k > 0; k >>= 1)
        {
            var nx = x + k;
            if (nx < tree.Length && tree[nx] < w)
            {
                x = nx;
                w -= tree[nx];
            }
        }
        return x;
    }

    private int[] tree;
    public int Length => tree.Length - 1;
    public int Slice(int from, int length) => Sum(from, from + length);

    public BinaryIndexedTree(int size)
    {
        tree = new int[size + 1];
    }
    public BinaryIndexedTree(int[] initArray) : this(initArray.Length)
    {
        Array.Copy(initArray, 0, tree, 1, initArray.Length);
        for (int i = 1; i < tree.Length; i++)
        {
            var ni = i + (i & -i);
            if (ni < tree.Length)
                tree[ni] = Operate(tree[i], tree[ni]);
        }
    }

    public class BinaryIndexedTreeDebugView
    {
        private BinaryIndexedTree bit;
        public BinaryIndexedTreeDebugView(BinaryIndexedTree bit)
        {
            this.bit = bit;
        }

        [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)]
        public string[] Tree
        {
            get
            {
                var res = new string[bit.tree.Length - 1];
                for (var i = 0; i < res.Length; i++)
                {
                    res[i] = $"data:{bit.tree[i + 1]} single:{bit.Sum(i, i + 1)}";
                }
                return res;
            }
        }
    }
}