Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There is an integer sequence A of length N whose values are unknown.

Given is an integer sequence B of length N-1 which is known to satisfy the following:

B_i \geq \max(A_i, A_{i+1})

Find the maximum possible sum of the elements of A.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq B_i \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
B_1 B_2 ... B_{N-1}

Output

Print the maximum possible sum of the elements of A.

Sample Input 1

3
2 5

Sample Output 1

9

A can be, for example, ( 2 , 1 , 5 ), ( -1 , -2 , -3 ), or ( 2 , 2 , 5 ). Among those candidates, A = ( 2 , 2 , 5 ) has the maximum possible sum.

Sample Input 2

2
3

Sample Output 2

6

Sample Input 3

6
0 153 10 10 23

Sample Output 3

53

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;
using static System.Math;

namespace Sample
{
    public sealed class Program : BaseProgram
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var sc = new SetConsole()) { Solve(); }
        }
        public static void Solve()
        {
            var n = GetString().ToInt();
            var b = GetArray<int>();
            var result = new int[n + 1];
            result[n] = b[b.Length - 1];

            for (int i = 2; i <= n - 1; i++)
            {
                result[i] = Min(b[i - 2], b[i - 1]);
            }
            result[1] = b[0];
            CWrite(result.Sum());
        }
    }

    public class BaseProgram
    {
        protected static void CWrite<T>(T str) => Console.WriteLine(str);
        protected static string GetString() => Console.ReadLine();
        protected static T[] GetArray<T>()
        {
            var str = Console.ReadLine();
            if (str == null) { throw new NullReferenceException("標準入力がnullです Solveメソッド内の解答コードが間違っています"); }
            return str.ToArray<T>();
        }
        protected class SetConsole : IDisposable
        {
            readonly StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput());
            public SetConsole()
            {
                sw.AutoFlush = false;
                Console.SetOut(sw);
            }
            public void Dispose()
            {
                Console.Out.Flush();
                sw.AutoFlush = true;
                Console.SetOut(sw);
            }
        }
    }
    static class ExtentionsLibrary
    {
        public static List<T> CopyList<T>(this List<T> list) => CopyArray(list.ToArray()).ToList();
        public static T[] CopyArray<T>(this T[] array)
        {
            var newArray = new T[array.Length];
            Array.Copy(array, newArray, array.Length);
            return newArray;
        }
        public static T[,] CopyArray<T>(this T[,] array)
        {
            var firstDimentionLength = array.GetLength(0);
            var secondDimentionLength = array.GetLength(1);
            var newDArray = new T[firstDimentionLength, secondDimentionLength];
            Array.Copy(array, newDArray, firstDimentionLength * secondDimentionLength);
            return newDArray;
        }
        public static T[] ToArray<T>(this string str)
        {
            var t = typeof(T);
            if (t == typeof(string))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split();
            }
            if (t == typeof(int))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            if (t == typeof(long))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            if (t == typeof(double))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            if (t == typeof(BigInteger))
            {
                return (T[])(object)str.Split().Select(BigInteger.Parse).ToArray();
            }
            throw new NotSupportedException();
        }
        public static int ToInt(this string str) => int.Parse(str);
        public static int ToInt(this char chr) => int.Parse(chr.ToString());
        public static long ToLong(this string str) => long.Parse(str);
        public static double ToDouble(this string str) => double.Parse(str);
        public static BigInteger ToBigInteger(this string str) => BigInteger.Parse(str);
        public static DateTime ToDateTime(this string str) => DateTime.Parse(str);
    }
}