Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You have a string A = A_1 A_2 ... A_n consisting of lowercase English letters.

You can choose any two indices i and j such that 1 \leq i \leq j \leq n and reverse substring A_i A_{i+1} ... A_j.

You can perform this operation at most once.

How many different strings can you obtain?

Constraints

1 \leq |A| \leq 200,000

A consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A

Output

Print the number of different strings you can obtain by reversing any substring in A at most once.

Sample Input 1

aatt

Sample Output 1

5

You can obtain aatt (don't do anything), atat (reverse A[2..3]), atta (reverse A[2..4]), ttaa (reverse A[1..4]) and taat (reverse A[1..3]).

Sample Input 2

xxxxxxxxxx

Sample Output 2

1

Whatever substring you reverse, you'll always get xxxxxxxxxx.

Sample Input 3

abracadabra

Sample Output 3

44

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace AGC019B
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Solver solver = new Solver();
            solver.Solve();
        }
    }

    class Solver
    {
        public Solver()
        {
            Input input = new Input();
            A = input.String();
            N = A.Length;
        }

        private string A;
        private long N;

        public void Solve()
        {
            Dictionary<char, long> d = new Dictionary<char, long>();
            for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++)
            {
                d.Add(c, 0);
            }

            foreach (char a in A)
            {
                d[a]++;
            }

            long ans = N * (N - 1) / 2;
            foreach (var v in d)
            {
                ans -= v.Value * (v.Value - 1) / 2;
            }

            Console.WriteLine(ans + 1);
        }
    }

    class Input
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得する
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>文字列</returns>
        public string String()
        {
            return Console.ReadLine();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 複数行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>文字列の配列</returns>
        public string[] ArrayString(int rowNumber)
        {
            string[] s = new string[rowNumber];
            for (int i = 0; i < rowNumber; i++)
            {
                s[i] = String();
            }

            return s;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>int型の値</returns>
        public int Int()
        {
            return int.Parse(String());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>int型の配列</returns>
        public int[] ArrayInt()
        {
            return Split().Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 複数行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rowNumber">行数</param>
        /// <returns>int型の配列</returns>
        public int[] ArrayInt(int rowNumber)
        {
            int[] ints = new int[rowNumber];
            for (int i = 0; i < rowNumber; i++)
            {
                ints[i] = Int();
            }

            return ints;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>long型の値</returns>
        public long Long()
        {
            return long.Parse(String());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>long型の配列</returns>
        public long[] ArrayLong()
        {
            return Split().Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
        }

        public long[] ArrayLong(int rowNumber)
        {
            long[] longs = new long[rowNumber];
            for (int i = 0; i < rowNumber; i++)
            {
                longs[i] = Long();
            }

            return longs;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>double型の値</returns>
        public double Double()
        {
            return double.Parse(String());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 1行の入力を取得
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>double型の配列</returns>
        public double[] ArrayDouble()
        {
            return Split().Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
        }

        private IEnumerable<string> Split()
        {
            return String().Split(' ');
        }
    }
}