Problem:
Score: 400 points

Problem Statement

Quickly after finishing the tutorial of the online game ATChat, you have decided to visit a particular place with N-1 players who happen to be there. These N players, including you, are numbered 1 through N, and the friendliness of Player i is A_i.

The N players will arrive at the place one by one in some order. To make sure nobody gets lost, you have set the following rule: players who have already arrived there should form a circle, and a player who has just arrived there should cut into the circle somewhere.

When each player, except the first one to arrive, arrives at the place, the player gets comfort equal to the smaller of the friendliness of the clockwise adjacent player and that of the counter-clockwise adjacent player. The first player to arrive there gets the comfort of 0.

What is the maximum total comfort the N players can get by optimally choosing the order of arrivals and the positions in the circle to cut into?

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 A_2 \dots A_N

Output

Print the maximum total comfort the N players can get.

Sample Input 1

4
2 2 1 3

Sample Output 1

7

By arriving at the place in the order Player 4, 2, 1, 3, and cutting into the circle as shown in the figure, they can get the total comfort of 7.

They cannot get the total comfort greater than 7, so the answer is 7.

Sample Input 2

7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sample Output 2

6

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false };
        Console.SetOut(sw);
        Solve();
        Console.Out.Flush();
    }
    static void Solve()
    {
        var N = sc.ReadInt();
        var A = sc.ReadLongArray(N);
        Array.Sort(A);
        Array.Reverse(A);
        var pq = new PriorityQueue<long>();
        pq.Enqueue(A[0]);
        var ans = 0L;
        for (int i = 1; i < N; i++)
        {
            var now = pq.Dequeue();
            ans += now;
            pq.Enqueue(A[i]);
            pq.Enqueue(A[i]);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(ans);
    }
    class PriorityQueue<T>
    {
        public int Count;
        private int Capacity;
        private bool IsMaxHeap;
        private T[] Buffer;
        private IComparer<T> Cmp;
        public PriorityQueue(bool isMaxHeap = true, IComparer<T> cmp = null)
        {
            Count = 0;
            Capacity = 1 << 10;
            IsMaxHeap = isMaxHeap;
            Buffer = new T[Capacity];
            if (cmp != null) Cmp = cmp;
            else Cmp = Comparer<T>.Default;
        }
        public PriorityQueue(int capacity, bool isMaxHeap = true, IComparer<T> cmp = null)
        {
            Count = 0;
            Capacity = Math.Max(16, capacity);
            IsMaxHeap = isMaxHeap;
            Buffer = new T[Capacity];
            if (cmp != null) Cmp = cmp;
            else Cmp = Comparer<T>.Default;
        }
        private void Resize()
        {
            Capacity <<= 1;
            Array.Resize(ref Buffer, Capacity);
        }
        public void Enqueue(T value)
        {
            if (Count == Capacity) Resize();
            Buffer[Count] = value;
            Count++;
            UpHeap();
        }
        public T Dequeue()
        {
            var res = Buffer[0];
            Swap(0, Count - 1);
            Count--;
            DownHeap();
            return res;
        }
        public T Peek() { return Buffer[0]; }
        private void Swap(int i, int j)
        {
            var tmp = Buffer[i];
            Buffer[i] = Buffer[j];
            Buffer[j] = tmp;
        }
        private void UpHeap()
        {
            var n = this.Count - 1;
            while (n != 0)
            {
                var parent = (n - 1) / 2;
                if (Compare(Buffer[n], Buffer[parent]) > 0)
                {
                    Swap(n, parent);
                    n = parent;
                }
                else break;
            }
        }
        private void DownHeap()
        {
            var parent = 0;
            while (true)
            {
                var child = 2 * parent + 1;
                if (child > this.Count - 1) break;
                if (child < Count - 1 && Compare(Buffer[child], Buffer[child + 1]) < 0)
                {
                    child += 1;
                }
                if (Compare(Buffer[parent], Buffer[child]) < 0)
                {
                    Swap(parent, child);
                    parent = child;
                }
                else break;
            }
        }
        private int Compare(T x, T y)
        {
            var res = Cmp.Compare(x, y);
            if (!IsMaxHeap) res *= -1;
            return res;
        }
    }
    static Scanner sc = new Scanner();
}
class Scanner
{
    string[] S = new string[0];
    int Index = 0;
    char[] Separators = new char[] { ' ' };

    public string Next()
    {
        if (this.Index < this.S.Length) return this.S[this.Index++];
        var line = "";
        while (line == "") line = Console.ReadLine();
        this.S = line.Split(this.Separators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        if (this.S.Length == 0) return this.Next();
        this.Index = 0;
        return this.S[this.Index++];
    }
    public string ReadStr()
    {
        return this.Next();
    }
    public char ReadChar()
    {
        return this.Next()[0];
    }
    public int ReadInt()
    {
        return int.Parse(this.Next());
    }
    public uint ReadUInt()
    {
        return uint.Parse(this.Next());
    }
    public long ReadLong()
    {
        return long.Parse(this.Next());
    }
    public double ReadDouble()
    {
        return double.Parse(this.Next());
    }
    public Tuple<int, int> ReadTup(int add = 0)
    {
        return Tuple.Create(this.ReadInt() + add, this.ReadInt() + add);
    }
    public Tuple<long, long> ReadTupLong(int add = 0)
    {
        return Tuple.Create(this.ReadLong() + add, this.ReadLong() + add);
    }
    public Tuple<int, int, int> ReadTup3(int add = 0)
    {
        return Tuple.Create(this.ReadInt() + add, this.ReadInt() + add, this.ReadInt() + add);
    }
    public Tuple<int, int, int, int> ReadTup4(int add = 0)
    {
        return Tuple.Create(this.ReadInt() + add, this.ReadInt() + add, this.ReadInt() + add, this.ReadInt() + add);
    }
    public int[] ReadIntArray(int n)
    {
        var array = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadInt();
        }
        return array;
    }
    public long[] ReadLongArray(int n)
    {
        var array = new long[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadLong();
        }
        return array;
    }
    public double[] ReadDoubleArray(int n)
    {
        var array = new double[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadDouble();
        }
        return array;
    }
    public char[] ReadCharArray(int n)
    {
        var array = new char[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadChar();
        }
        return array;
    }
    public string[] ReadStrArray(int n)
    {
        var array = new string[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadStr();
        }
        return array;
    }
    public Tuple<long, long>[] ReadTupLongArray(int n, int add = 0)
    {
        var array = new Tuple<long, long>[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadTupLong(add);
        }
        return array;
    }
    public Tuple<int, int>[] ReadTupArray(int n, int add = 0)
    {
        var array = new Tuple<int, int>[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadTup(add);
        }
        return array;
    }
    public Tuple<int, int, int>[] ReadTup3Array(int n, int add = 0)
    {
        var array = new Tuple<int, int, int>[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadTup3(add);
        }
        return array;
    }
    public Tuple<int, int, int, int>[] ReadTup4Array(int n, int add = 0)
    {
        var array = new Tuple<int, int, int, int>[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            array[i] = this.ReadTup4(add);
        }
        return array;
    }
}