Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You have a string A = A_1 A_2 ... A_n consisting of lowercase English letters.

You can choose any two indices i and j such that 1 \leq i \leq j \leq n and reverse substring A_i A_{i+1} ... A_j.

You can perform this operation at most once.

How many different strings can you obtain?

Constraints

1 \leq |A| \leq 200,000

A consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A

Output

Print the number of different strings you can obtain by reversing any substring in A at most once.

Sample Input 1

aatt

Sample Output 1

5

You can obtain aatt (don't do anything), atat (reverse A[2..3]), atta (reverse A[2..4]), ttaa (reverse A[1..4]) and taat (reverse A[1..3]).

Sample Input 2

xxxxxxxxxx

Sample Output 2

1

Whatever substring you reverse, you'll always get xxxxxxxxxx.

Sample Input 3

abracadabra

Sample Output 3

44

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using static System.Console;
using Pair = System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<int, int>;
//using System.Numerics;

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        //SetOut(new StreamWriter(OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false });
        new Program().solve();
        Out.Flush();
    }
    Scanner cin = new Scanner();
    Random rnd = new Random();
    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
    readonly int[] dd = { 0, 1, 0, -1, 0 };
    readonly int mod = 1000000007;
    readonly string alfa = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    readonly string ALFA = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

    int N;
    string S;
    void solve()
    {
        S = cin.next;
        N = S.Length;
        var A = new int[26];
        var B = new int[N];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            B[i] = alfa.IndexOf(S[i]);
            A[B[i]]++;
        }
        long ans = 1;
        ans += (long)N * (N - 1) / 2;
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
        {
            if(A[i] > 1)
            {
                ans -= (long)A[i] * (A[i] - 1) / 2;
            }
        }
        WriteLine(ans);

    }

}

class Scanner
{
    string[] s; int i;
    char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };
    public Scanner() { s = new string[0]; i = 0; }
    public string[] scan { get { return ReadLine().Split(); } }
    public int[] scanint { get { return Array.ConvertAll(scan, int.Parse); } }
    public long[] scanlong { get { return Array.ConvertAll(scan, long.Parse); } }
    public double[] scandouble { get { return Array.ConvertAll(scan, double.Parse); } }
    public string next
    {
        get
        {
            if (i < s.Length) return s[i++];
            string st = ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = ReadLine();
            s = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            i = 0;
            return next;
        }
    }
    public int nextint { get { return int.Parse(next); } }
    public long nextlong { get { return long.Parse(next); } }
    public double nextdouble { get { return double.Parse(next); } }
}