Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C# (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;

class Program{
    static int Merge(int[] A, int left, int mid, int right){
        var n1=mid-left;
        var n2=right-mid;
        var L=new int[n1+1];
        var R=new int[n2+1];
        for(var i=0; i<n1; i++){
            L[i]=A[left+i];
        }
        for(var i=0; i<n2; i++){
            R[i]=A[mid+i];
        }
        L[n1]=1000*1000*1000+1;
        R[n2]=1000*1000*1000+1;
        var l=0;
        var j=0;
        var cnt=0;
        for(var k=left; k<right; k++){
            if(L[l]<=R[j]){
                A[k]=L[l];
                l++;
            } else{
                A[k]=R[j];
                j++;
            }
            cnt++;
        }
        return cnt;
    }

    static int MergeSort(int[] A, int left, int right){
        if(left+1<right){
            var mid=(left+right)/2;
            var a=MergeSort(A, left, mid);
            var b=MergeSort(A, mid, right);
            var c=Merge(A, left, mid, right);
            return a+b+c;
        } else{
            return 0;
        }
    }

    public static void Main(){
        var n=int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
        var s=Console.ReadLine().Split(' ');
        var S=new int[n];
        for(var i=0; i<n; i++){
            S[i]=int.Parse(s[i]);
        }

        var result=MergeSort(S, 0, n);

        for(var i=0; i<n; i++){
            Console.Write(S[i]);
            if(i>=n-1){
                Console.WriteLine();
            } else{
                Console.Write(" ");
            }
        }
        Console.WriteLine(result);
    }
}