Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Two foxes Jiro and Saburo are playing a game called 1D Reversi. This game is played on a board, using black and white stones. On the board, stones are placed in a row, and each player places a new stone to either end of the row. Similarly to the original game of Reversi, when a white stone is placed, all black stones between the new white stone and another white stone, turn into white stones, and vice versa.

In the middle of a game, something came up and Saburo has to leave the game. The state of the board at this point is described by a string S. There are |S| (the length of S) stones on the board, and each character in S represents the color of the i-th (1 ≦ i ≦ |S|) stone from the left. If the i-th character in S is B, it means that the color of the corresponding stone on the board is black. Similarly, if the i-th character in S is W, it means that the color of the corresponding stone is white.

Jiro wants all stones on the board to be of the same color. For this purpose, he will place new stones on the board according to the rules. Find the minimum number of new stones that he needs to place.

Constraints

1 ≦ |S| ≦ 10^5

Each character in S is B or W.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the minimum number of new stones that Jiro needs to place for his purpose.

Sample Input 1

BBBWW

Sample Output 1

1

By placing a new black stone to the right end of the row of stones, all white stones will become black. Also, by placing a new white stone to the left end of the row of stones, all black stones will become white.

In either way, Jiro's purpose can be achieved by placing one stone.

Sample Input 2

WWWWWW

Sample Output 2

0

If all stones are already of the same color, no new stone is necessary.

Sample Input 3

WBWBWBWBWB

Sample Output 3

9

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Contest
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ARC063.C();
        }
        class ARC063
        {
            public static void C()
            {
                var S = Read.Str();
                int count = 0;
                for(int i = 1; i < S.Length; ++i)
                {
                    count += S[i] == S[i - 1] ? 0 : 1;
                }
                Console.WriteLine(count);
            }
            public static void D()
            {
                var N = Read.Int();
                var T = Read.Long();
                var A = Read.IntN();

                int min = A[0];
                int max = 0;
                int maxC = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < N; ++i)
                {
                    var d = A[i] - min;
                    if (d > max)
                    {
                        max = d;
                        maxC = 1;
                    }
                    else if (d == max)
                    {
                        maxC++;
                    }
                    else if (min > A[i])
                    {
                        min = A[i];
                    }
                }
                Console.WriteLine(maxC);
            }
            public static void E()
            {

            }
        }
        class Util
        {
            public class PriorityQueue<T> where T : IComparable
            {
                private IComparer<T> _comparer = null; private bool _isAsc = true; private T[] _heap; private int _sz = 0;
                public PriorityQueue(int maxSize, IComparer<T> comparer) { _heap = new T[maxSize]; _comparer = comparer; }
                public PriorityQueue(int maxSize, bool isAsc = true) { _heap = new T[maxSize]; _isAsc = isAsc; }
                private int Compare(T x, T y) { if (_comparer != null) { return _comparer.Compare(x, y); } return _isAsc ? x.CompareTo(y) : y.CompareTo(x); }
                public void Push(T x) { var i = _sz++; while (i > 0) { var p = (i - 1) / 2; if (Compare(_heap[p], x) <= 0) { break; } _heap[i] = _heap[p]; i = p; } _heap[i] = x; }
                public T Pop() { T ret = _heap[0]; T x = _heap[--_sz]; int i = 0; while (i * 2 + 1 < _sz) { int a = i * 2 + 1; int b = i * 2 + 2; if (b < _sz && Compare(_heap[b], _heap[a]) < 0) { a = b; } if (Compare(_heap[a], x) >= 0) { break; } _heap[i] = _heap[a]; i = a; } _heap[i] = x; return ret; }
                public int Count() { return _sz; }
                public T Peek() { return _heap[0]; }
                public bool Contains(T x) { for (int i = 0; i < _sz; i++) if (x.Equals(_heap[i])) return true; return false; }
            }
            public class MyTuple<T1, T2> : IComparable where T1 : IComparable<T1>
            {
                public readonly T1 Item1; public readonly T2 Item2;
                public MyTuple(T1 item1, T2 item2) { Item1 = item1; Item2 = item2; }
                public int CompareTo(object obj) { return Item1.CompareTo(((MyTuple<T1, T2>)obj).Item1); }
            }

        }

        static class Read
        {
            static Queue<string> queue = new Queue<string>();
            static void Enqueue() { var ss = Console.ReadLine().Split(' '); foreach (var s in ss) { queue.Enqueue(s); } }
            public static int Int() { if (queue.Count == 0) { Enqueue(); } return Convert.ToInt32(queue.Dequeue()); }
            public static long Long() { if (queue.Count == 0) { Enqueue(); } return Convert.ToInt64(queue.Dequeue()); }
            public static string Str() { if (queue.Count == 0) { Enqueue(); } return queue.Dequeue(); }
            public static int[] IntN() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').Select(s => Convert.ToInt32(s)).ToArray(); }
            public static long[] LongN() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').Select(s => Convert.ToInt64(s)).ToArray(); }
            public static ulong[] ULongN() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').Select(s => Convert.ToUInt64(s)).ToArray(); }
            public static string[] StrN() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' '); }
            public static Tuple<int, int>[] TupleInt(int n) { List<Tuple<int, int>> list = new List<Tuple<int, int>>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { var ab = Read.IntN(); list.Add(new Tuple<int, int>(ab[0], ab[1])); } return list.ToArray(); }
            public static Tuple<long, long>[] TupleLong(int n) { List<Tuple<long, long>> list = new List<Tuple<long, long>>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { var ab = Read.LongN(); list.Add(new Tuple<long, long>(ab[0], ab[1])); } return list.ToArray(); }
            public static Tuple<string, string>[] TupleStr(int n) { List<Tuple<string, string>> list = new List<Tuple<string, string>>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { var ab = Read.StrN(); list.Add(new Tuple<string, string>(ab[0], ab[1])); } return list.ToArray(); }
            public static Tuple<double, double>[] TupleDouble(int n) { List<Tuple<double, double>> list = new List<Tuple<double, double>>(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { var ab = Read.LongN(); list.Add(new Tuple<double, double>(ab[0], ab[1])); } return list.ToArray(); }
            public static long[,] LongMatrix(int r, int c)
            {
                var mat = new long[r, c];
                for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)
                {
                    var x = Read.LongN();
                    for (int j = 0; j < c; ++j)
                    {
                        mat[i, j] = x[j];
                    }
                }
                return mat;
            }
            public static Dictionary<int, HashSet<int>> AdjacencyList(int N, int M, bool isDirectional = false)
            {
                Dictionary<int, HashSet<int>> dict = new Dictionary<int, HashSet<int>>();
                for (int i = 0; i <= N; ++i) { dict.Add(i, new HashSet<int>()); }
                for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i)
                {
                    var ab = Read.IntN(); dict[ab[0]].Add(ab[1]);
                    if (!isDirectional) { dict[ab[1]].Add(ab[0]); }
                }
                return dict;
            }
            public static Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, long>> AdjacencyListWithWeight(int N, int M)
            {
                Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, long>> dict = new Dictionary<int, Dictionary<int, long>>();
                for (int i = 0; i <= N; ++i)
                {
                    dict.Add(i, new Dictionary<int, long>());
                }
                for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i)
                {
                    var ab = Read.IntN();
                    dict[ab[0]].Add(ab[1], ab[2]);
                    dict[ab[1]].Add(ab[0], ab[2]);
                }
                return dict;
            }
        }
    }
}