Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

There is a kangaroo at coordinate 0 on an infinite number line that runs from left to right, at time 0.
During the period between time i-1 and time i, the kangaroo can either stay at his position, or perform a jump of length exactly i to the left or to the right.
That is, if his coordinate at time i-1 is x, he can be at coordinate x-i, x or x+i at time i.
The kangaroo's nest is at coordinate X, and he wants to travel to coordinate X as fast as possible.
Find the earliest possible time to reach coordinate X.

Constraints

X is an integer.

1≤X≤10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

X

Output

Print the earliest possible time for the kangaroo to reach coordinate X.

Sample Input 1

6

Sample Output 1

3

The kangaroo can reach his nest at time 3 by jumping to the right three times, which is the earliest possible time.

Sample Input 2

2

Sample Output 2

2

He can reach his nest at time 2 by staying at his position during the first second, and jumping to the right at the next second.

Sample Input 3

11

Sample Output 3

5

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ARC070C
{
    class Program
    {
        public static void Solve(Input input)
        {
            var x = input.NextInt();

            var time = 0;
            var sum = 0;
            while (sum < x)
            {
                time++;
                sum += time;
            }

            Console.WriteLine(time);
        }

        #region Main
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // 出力が少ないときはこれをセットする方が時間かかるけれど
            // そのときにTLEするのはアルゴリズムが悪いせいだし、まあ良しとする
            var needsFlushOutput = true;
            if (needsFlushOutput)
            {
                // 細かく出力しないようにする
                var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false };
                Console.SetOut(sw);
            }

            // 通常は引数無しで、ファイルから読み出したい場合はpath指定する
            var input = new Input();

            // 仮想的に標準入力をセットする
            // テスト入力したまま提出することがままあるので……
#if DEBUG
            input.SetText("");
#endif

            Solve(input);

            Console.Out.Flush();
        }
        #endregion

        #region Competitive Template
#pragma warning disable CS0414
        static readonly int MOD = (int)1e9 + 7;
        static readonly int[] dx = { 1, 0, -1, 0 };
        static readonly int[] dy = { 0, 1, 0, -1 };
        /// <summary> 左上が原点 </summary>
        static readonly char[] dir = { 'R', 'U', 'L', 'D' };
#pragma warning restore CS0414

        public class Input
        {
            // 変な改行コードがたまに混じっているので、一応セパレート指定する
            // スペース単独指定の方がもちろん早い
            static readonly char[] separator = { ' ', '\r', '\n' };
            readonly StreamReader sr;
            readonly Queue<string> queue;

            /// <summary>
            /// 特定のファイルから読み出したい場合はpath指定する
            /// </summary>
            public Input(string path = "")
            {
                queue = new Queue<string>();

                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(path)) { sr = new StreamReader(Console.OpenStandardInput()); }
                else { sr = new StreamReader(path); }
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 入力予約
            /// </summary>
            public void SetText(IEnumerable<string> items)
            {
                foreach (var item in items)
                    SetText(item);
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 入力予約
            /// </summary>
            public bool SetText(string s)
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(s)) return false;

                foreach (var elem in s.Trim().Split(separator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries))
                    queue.Enqueue(elem);

                return true;
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 要素が存在するか
            /// </summary>
            public bool Any() => queue.Any() || Read();

            /// <summary>
            /// 内部queueに入力からの値をsplitして格納する
            /// </summary>
            bool Read()
            {
                if (!SetText(sr.ReadLine())) return false;

                if (!queue.Any()) return Read();

                return queue.Any();
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 次のstringを一つ読み込む
            /// </summary>
            public string Next()
            {
                if (!queue.Any() && !Read()) return "";

                return queue.Dequeue();
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// 指定個数queueにたまるまでenqueueし続ける
            /// </summary>
            bool Accumulate(int n)
            {
                while (queue.Count() < n)
                    if (!Read()) return false;

                return true;
            }

            public int NextInt() => int.Parse(Next());
            public long NextLong() => long.Parse(Next());
            public double NextDouble() => double.Parse(Next());

            /// <summary>
            /// n個の要素をparseして、それぞれにoffsetをaddした配列を返す
            /// </summary>
            T[] NextT<T>(int n, T offset, Func<string, T> parse, Func<T, T, T> add)
            {
                if (!Accumulate(n)) return null;

                var a = new T[n];

                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                    a[i] = add(parse(queue.Dequeue()), offset);

                return a;
            }

            public string[] Next(int n) => NextT(n, "", x => x, (x, y) => x);
            public int[] NextInt(int n, int offset = 0) => NextT(n, offset, int.Parse, (x, y) => x + y);
            public long[] NextLong(int n, long offset = 0) => NextT(n, offset, long.Parse, (x, y) => x + y);
            public double[] NextDouble(int n, double offset = 0.0) => NextT(n, offset, double.Parse, (x, y) => x + y);
        }

        static class Utils
        {
            public static T Max<T>(params T[] objs) => objs.Max();
            public static T Min<T>(params T[] objs) => objs.Min();

            /// <summary>
            /// vでfillされたT[d1][d2]配列を作成する
            /// </summary>
            public static T[][] Create2DArray<T>(int d1, int d2, T v)
            {
                return
                    Enumerable.Repeat(0, d1).Select(_ =>
                    Enumerable.Repeat(v, d2).ToArray()).ToArray();
            }

            /// <summary>
            /// vでfillされたT[d1][d2][d3]配列を作成する
            /// </summary>
            public static T[][][] Create3DArray<T>(int d1, int d2, int d3, T v)
            {
                return
                    Enumerable.Repeat(0, d1).Select(_ =>
                    Enumerable.Repeat(0, d2).Select(__ =>
                    Enumerable.Repeat(v, d3).ToArray()).ToArray()).ToArray();
            }
        }
        #endregion
    }
}