Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

We have N camels numbered 1,2,\ldots,N.
Snuke has decided to make them line up in a row.

The happiness of Camel i will be L_i if it is among the K_i frontmost camels, and R_i otherwise.

Snuke wants to maximize the total happiness of the camels. Find the maximum possible total happiness of the camel.

Solve this problem for each of the T test cases given.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq T \leq 10^5

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^{5}

1 \leq K_i \leq N

1 \leq L_i, R_i \leq 10^9

The sum of values of N in each input file is at most 2 \times 10^5.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

T
\mathrm{case}_1
\vdots
\mathrm{case}_T

Each case is given in the following format:

N
K_1 L_1 R_1
\vdots
K_N L_N R_N

Output

Print T lines. The i-th line should contain the answer to the i-th test case.

Sample Input 1

3
2
1 5 10
2 15 5
3
2 93 78
1 71 59
3 57 96
19
19 23 16
5 90 13
12 85 70
19 67 78
12 16 60
18 48 28
5 4 24
12 97 97
4 57 87
19 91 74
18 100 76
7 86 46
9 100 57
3 76 73
6 84 93
1 6 84
11 75 94
19 15 3
12 11 34

Sample Output 1

25
221
1354

In the first test case, it is optimal to line up the camels in the order 2, 1.

Camel 1 is not the frontmost camel, so its happiness will be 10.

Camel 2 is among the two frontmost camels, so its happiness will be 15.

In the second test case, it is optimal to line up the camels in the order 2, 1, 3.

Camel 1 is among the two frontmost camels, so its happiness will be 93.

Camel 2 is the frontmost camel, so its happiness will be 71.

Camel 3 is among the three frontmost camels, so its happiness will be 57.

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

#region いつもの
using AtCoderProject;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;
using static AtCoderProject.Global;
using BigInteger = System.Numerics.BigInteger;
using BitOperations = System.Numerics.BitOperations;
using IEnumerable = System.Collections.IEnumerable;
using IEnumerator = System.Collections.IEnumerator;
using StringBuilder = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using Unsafe = System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Unsafe;

namespace AtCoderProject { using System.IO; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; public static class Global { public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, T value) => new T[len0].Fill(value); public static T[] NewArray<T>(int len0, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = factory(); return arr; } public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, T value) where T : struct { var arr = new T[len0][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, value); return arr; } public static T[][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, factory); return arr; } public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, T value) where T : struct { var arr = new T[len0][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, value); return arr; } public static T[][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, factory); return arr; } public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, T value) where T : struct { var arr = new T[len0][][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, value); return arr; } public static T[][][][] NewArray<T>(int len0, int len1, int len2, int len3, Func<T> factory) { var arr = new T[len0][][][]; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) arr[i] = NewArray(len1, len2, len3, factory); return arr; } public static int Pow(int x, int y) { int res = 1; for (; y > 0; y >>= 1) { if ((y & 1) == 1) res *= x; x *= x; } return res; } public static BigInteger ParseBigInteger(ReadOnlySpan<char> s) { /* 自前実装の方が速い */ BigInteger res; if (s.Length % 9 == 0) res = 0; else { res = new BigInteger(int.Parse(s.Slice(0, s.Length % 9))); s = s.Slice(s.Length % 9); } while (s.Length > 0) { var sp = s.Slice(0, 9); res *= 1000_000_000; res += int.Parse(sp); s = s.Slice(9); } return res; } public static int PopCount(int x) => BitOperations.PopCount((uint)x); public static int PopCount(long x) => BitOperations.PopCount((ulong)x); public static int PopCount(ulong x) => BitOperations.PopCount(x); public static int MSB(int x) => BitOperations.Log2((uint)x); public static int MSB(uint x) => BitOperations.Log2(x); public static int MSB(long x) => BitOperations.Log2((ulong)x); public static int MSB(ulong x) => BitOperations.Log2(x); public static int LSB(int x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount((uint)x); public static int LSB(uint x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(x); public static int LSB(long x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount((ulong)x); public static int LSB(ulong x) => BitOperations.TrailingZeroCount(x); } public static class Ext { public static bool UpdateMax(this ref int r, int val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static bool UpdateMax(this ref long r, long val) { if (r < val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static bool UpdateMin(this ref int r, int val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static bool UpdateMin(this ref long r, long val) { if (r > val) { r = val; return true; } return false; } public static long ToLong(this int i) => i; public static T[] Fill<T>(this T[] arr, T value) { Array.Fill(arr, value); return arr; } public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Sort(arr); return arr; } public static string[] Sort(this string[] arr) => Sort(arr, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); public static T[] Sort<T, U>(this T[] arr, Func<T, U> selector) where U : IComparable<U> => Sort(arr, (a, b) => selector(a).CompareTo(selector(b))); public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, Comparison<T> comparison) { Array.Sort(arr, comparison); return arr; } public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] arr, IComparer<T> comparer) { Array.Sort(arr, comparer); return arr; } public static T[] Reverse<T>(this T[] arr) { Array.Reverse(arr); return arr; } public static (int index, T max) MaxBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T> { T max = arr[0]; int maxIndex = 0; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) { if (max.CompareTo(arr[i]) < 0) { max = arr[i]; maxIndex = i; } } return (maxIndex, max); } public static (TSource item, TMax max) MaxBy<TSource, TMax>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMax> maxBySelector) where TMax : IComparable<TMax> { TMax max; TSource maxByItem; var e = source.GetEnumerator(); e.MoveNext(); maxByItem = e.Current; max = maxBySelector(maxByItem); while (e.MoveNext()) { var item = e.Current; var next = maxBySelector(item); if (max.CompareTo(next) < 0) { max = next; maxByItem = item; } } return (maxByItem, max); } public static (int index, T min) MinBy<T>(this T[] arr) where T : IComparable<T> { T min = arr[0]; int minIndex = 0; for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) { if (min.CompareTo(arr[i]) > 0) { min = arr[i]; minIndex = i; } } return (minIndex, min); } public static (TSource item, TMin min) MinBy<TSource, TMin>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TMin> minBySelector) where TMin : IComparable<TMin> { TMin min; TSource minByItem; var e = source.GetEnumerator(); e.MoveNext(); minByItem = e.Current; min = minBySelector(minByItem); while (e.MoveNext()) { var item = e.Current; var next = minBySelector(item); if (min.CompareTo(next) > 0) { min = next; minByItem = item; } } return (minByItem, min); } public static IComparer<T> Reverse<T>(this IComparer<T> comparer) => Comparer<T>.Create((x, y) => comparer.Compare(y, x)); public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector) => source.GroupBy(keySelector).ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.Count()); public static Dictionary<TKey, int> GroupCount<TKey>(this IEnumerable<TKey> source) => source.GroupCount(i => i); public static ref T Get<T>(this T[] arr, int index) { if (index < 0) return ref arr[arr.Length + index]; return ref arr[index]; } public static TValue Get<TKey, TValue>(this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key) { dic.TryGetValue(key, out var v); return v; } public static TValue GetOrInit<TKey, TValue>(this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dic, TKey key, TValue value) { if (dic.TryGetValue(key, out var v)) return v; return dic[key] = value; } } public class ReverseComparer<T> : Comparer<T> where T : IComparable<T> { private static ReverseComparer<T> defaultComparer; public static new IComparer<T> Default => defaultComparer ??= new ReverseComparer<T>(); public override int Compare(T y, T x) => x.CompareTo(y); public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj != null && GetType() == obj.GetType(); public override int GetHashCode() => GetType().GetHashCode(); } public class ΔDebugView<T> { private IEnumerable<T> collection; public ΔDebugView(IEnumerable<T> collection) { this.collection = collection ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(collection)); }[DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] public T[] Items => collection.ToArray(); }[DebuggerStepThrough] public class ConsoleReader { const int BufSize = 1 << 12; private readonly byte[] buffer = new byte[BufSize]; private readonly Stream input; private readonly Encoding encoding; private int pos = 0; private int len = 0; public ConsoleReader(Stream input, Encoding encoding) { this.input = input; this.encoding = encoding; } public ConsoleReader(Stream input) : this(input, Console.InputEncoding) { } private void MoveNext() { if (++pos >= len) { len = input.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); if (len == 0) { buffer[0] = 10; } pos = 0; } } public int Int { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { int res = 0; bool neg = false; while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); } do { res = checked(res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48)); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]); return neg ? -res : res; } } public int Int0 => this.Int - 1; public long Long { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { long res = 0; bool neg = false; while (buffer[pos] < 48) { neg = buffer[pos] == 45; MoveNext(); } do { res = res * 10 + (buffer[pos] ^ 48); MoveNext(); } while (48 <= buffer[pos]); return neg ? -res : res; } } public long Long0 => this.Long - 1; public string String { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { var sb = new List<byte>(); while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]); return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray()); } } public string Ascii { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { var sb = new StringBuilder(); while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); do { sb.Append((char)buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (32 < buffer[pos]); return sb.ToString(); } } public string Line { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { var sb = new List<byte>(); while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); do { sb.Add(buffer[pos]); MoveNext(); } while (buffer[pos] != 10 && buffer[pos] != 13); return this.encoding.GetString(sb.ToArray()); } } public char Char { [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)] get { while (buffer[pos] <= 32) MoveNext(); char res = (char)buffer[pos]; MoveNext(); return res; } } public double Double => double.Parse(this.Ascii);[DebuggerStepThrough] public struct RepeatReader { ConsoleReader cr; int count; public RepeatReader(ConsoleReader cr, int count) { this.cr = cr; this.count = count; } public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr); return arr; } public T[] Select<T>(Func<ConsoleReader, int, T> factory) { var arr = new T[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = factory(cr, i); return arr; } public string[] Line { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Line; return arr; } } public string[] String { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.String; return arr; } } public string[] Ascii { get { var arr = new string[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Ascii; return arr; } } public int[] Int { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int; return arr; } } public int[] Int0 { get { var arr = new int[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Int0; return arr; } } public long[] Long { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long; return arr; } } public long[] Long0 { get { var arr = new long[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Long0; return arr; } } public double[] Double { get { var arr = new double[count]; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) arr[i] = cr.Double; return arr; } } public static implicit operator int[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Int; public static implicit operator long[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Long; public static implicit operator double[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Double; public static implicit operator string[](RepeatReader rr) => rr.Ascii; } public RepeatReader Repeat(int count) => new RepeatReader(this, count);[DebuggerStepThrough] public struct SplitReader { ConsoleReader cr; public SplitReader(ConsoleReader cr) { this.cr = cr; } public string[] String { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.String); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public string[] Ascii { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<string>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Ascii); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public int[] Int { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public int[] Int0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<int>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Int0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public long[] Long { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public long[] Long0 { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<long>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Long0); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public double[] Double { get { while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] <= 32) cr.MoveNext(); var list = new List<double>(); do { if (cr.buffer[cr.pos] < 32) cr.MoveNext(); else list.Add(cr.Double); } while (cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 10 && cr.buffer[cr.pos] != 13); return list.ToArray(); } } public static implicit operator int[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Int; public static implicit operator long[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Long; public static implicit operator double[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Double; public static implicit operator string[](SplitReader sr) => sr.Ascii; } public SplitReader Split => new SplitReader(this); public static implicit operator int(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Int; public static implicit operator long(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Long; public static implicit operator double(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Double; public static implicit operator string(ConsoleReader cr) => cr.Ascii; public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2) => (o1, o2) = (this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3) => (o1, o2, o3) = (this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4) => (o1, o2, o3, o4) = (this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5) = (this, this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5, out ConsoleReader o6) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6) = (this, this, this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5, out ConsoleReader o6, out ConsoleReader o7) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7) = (this, this, this, this, this, this, this); public void Deconstruct(out ConsoleReader o1, out ConsoleReader o2, out ConsoleReader o3, out ConsoleReader o4, out ConsoleReader o5, out ConsoleReader o6, out ConsoleReader o7, out ConsoleReader o8) => (o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, o8) = (this, this, this, this, this, this, this, this); }[DebuggerStepThrough] public class ConsoleWriter {[DebuggerBrowsable(DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] public readonly StreamWriter sw; public ConsoleWriter(Stream output) : this(output, Console.OutputEncoding) { } public ConsoleWriter(Stream output, Encoding encoding) { sw = new StreamWriter(output, encoding); } public void Flush() => sw.Flush(); public ConsoleWriter WriteLine(ReadOnlySpan<char> obj) { sw.WriteLine(obj); return this; } public ConsoleWriter WriteLine<T>(T obj) { sw.WriteLine(obj.ToString()); return this; } public ConsoleWriter WriteLineJoin<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T> col) => WriteMany(' ', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLineJoin<T>(IEnumerable<T> col) => WriteMany(' ', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLines<T>(ReadOnlySpan<T> col) => WriteMany('\n', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLines<T>(IEnumerable<T> col) => WriteMany('\n', col); public ConsoleWriter WriteLineGrid<T>(IEnumerable<IEnumerable<T>> cols) { var en = cols.GetEnumerator(); while (en.MoveNext()) WriteLineJoin(en.Current); return this; } private ConsoleWriter WriteMany<T>(char sep, ReadOnlySpan<T> col) { var en = col.GetEnumerator(); if (!en.MoveNext()) return this; sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); while (en.MoveNext()) { sw.Write(sep); sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); } sw.WriteLine(); return this; } private ConsoleWriter WriteMany<T>(char sep, IEnumerable<T> col) { var en = col.GetEnumerator(); if (!en.MoveNext()) return this; sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); while (en.MoveNext()) { sw.Write(sep); sw.Write(en.Current.ToString()); } sw.WriteLine(); return this; } } }
public partial class Program {[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] public ConsoleReader cr;[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] public ConsoleWriter cw; public Program(ConsoleReader reader, ConsoleWriter writer) { this.cr = reader; this.cw = writer; System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; } static void Main() => new Program(new ConsoleReader(Console.OpenStandardInput()), new ConsoleWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput())).Run(); public void Run() { var res = Calc(); if (res is double) cw.WriteLine(Result((double)res)); else if (res is bool) cw.WriteLine(Result((bool)res)); else if (res != null) cw.WriteLine(res.ToString()); cw.Flush(); } }
public partial class Program
{
    public static string Result(double d) => d.ToString("0.####################", System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
    #endregion
    public static string Result(bool b) => b ? "Yes" : "No";
    private object Calc()
    {
        int T = cr;
        for (int i = 0; i < T; i++)
        {
            cw.WriteLine(new CalcImpl().Calc(cr));
        }
        return null;
    }
}

class CalcImpl
{
    int N;
    Camel[] camels;
    PriorityQueue<Camel> pq;
    Set<int> set;
    public long Calc(ConsoleReader cr)
    {
        long res = 0;
        camels = cr.Repeat(cr.Int).Select(cr => new Camel(cr, cr, cr)).Sort();
        set = new Set<int>(Enumerable.Range(0, camels.Length));
        foreach (var c in camels)
        {
            if (c.l == c.r)
                res += c.l;
            else if (c.l > c.r)
            {
                if (c.k <= set.Min)
                {
                    res += c.r;
                }
                else
                {
                    var i = set.LowerBoundIndex(c.k);
                    if (i >= 0)
                    {
                        var v = set.FindByIndex(i - 1).Item;
                        set.Remove(v);
                    }
                    res += c.l;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (set.Max < c.k)
                {
                    res += c.l;
                }
                else
                {

                    var v = set.LowerBoundItem(c.k);
                    if (v > set.Min)
                    {
                        set.Remove(v);
                    }
                    res += c.r;
                }
            }

        }
        return res;
    }
}

struct Camel : IComparable<Camel>, IEquatable<Camel>
{
    public int k;
    public int l;
    public int r;
    public Camel(int k, int l, int r)
    {
        this.k = k;
        this.l = l;
        this.r = r;
    }

    public int CompareTo(Camel othe) => Math.Abs(othe.l - othe.r).CompareTo(Math.Abs(this.l - this.r));
    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        return obj is Camel camel && this.Equals(camel);
    }

    public bool Equals(Camel other)
    {
        return this.k == other.k &&
               this.l == other.l &&
               this.r == other.r;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return HashCode.Combine(this.k, this.l, this.r);
    }
}
[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay("Count = {" + nameof(Count) + "}")] class PriorityQueue<T> { protected readonly List<T> data; protected readonly IComparer<T> comparer; public PriorityQueue() : this(Comparer<T>.Default) { } public PriorityQueue(int capacity) : this(capacity, Comparer<T>.Default) { } public PriorityQueue(IComparer<T> comparer) { this.data = new List<T>(); this.comparer = comparer; } public PriorityQueue(int capacity, IComparer<T> comparer) { this.data = new List<T>(capacity); this.comparer = comparer; }[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.Never)] public int Count => data.Count; public T Peek => data[0]; public void Add(T value) { data.Add(value); UpdateUp(data.Count - 1); } public T Dequeue() { var res = data[0]; data[0] = data[^1]; data.RemoveAt(data.Count - 1); UpdateDown(0); return res; } private void UpdateUp(int i) { if (i > 0) { var p = (i - 1) >> 1; if (comparer.Compare(data[i], data[p]) < 0) { (data[p], data[i]) = (data[i], data[p]); UpdateUp(p); } } } private void UpdateDown(int i) { var n = data.Count; var child = 2 * i + 1; if (child < n) { if (child != n - 1 && comparer.Compare(data[child], data[child + 1]) > 0) child++; if (comparer.Compare(data[i], data[child]) > 0) { (data[child], data[i]) = (data[i], data[child]); UpdateDown(child); } } }[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsable(System.Diagnostics.DebuggerBrowsableState.RootHidden)] private T[] Items => data.ToArray().Sort((a, b) => comparer.Compare(a, b)); }
class PriorityQueue<TKey, TValue> : PriorityQueue<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> { private class KeyComparer : IComparer<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> { public readonly IComparer<TKey> comparer; public KeyComparer(IComparer<TKey> comparer) { this.comparer = comparer; } public int Compare(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> x, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> y) => comparer.Compare(x.Key, y.Key); } public PriorityQueue() : this(Comparer<TKey>.Default) { } public PriorityQueue(int capacity) : this(capacity, Comparer<TKey>.Default) { } public PriorityQueue(IComparer<TKey> comparer) : base(new KeyComparer(comparer)) { } public PriorityQueue(int capacity, IComparer<TKey> comparer) : base(capacity, new KeyComparer(comparer)) { } public void Add(TKey key, TValue value) => Add(new KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>(key, value)); }

[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(ΔDebugView<>))] [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay("Count = {" + nameof(Count) + "}")] class Set<T> : ICollection<T>, IReadOnlyCollection<T> { /* * Original * * Copyright (c) .NET Foundation and Contributors * Released under the MIT license * https: */ public virtual bool IsMulti => false; public T Min { get { if (root == null) return default; var cur = root; while (cur.Left != null) { cur = cur.Left; } return cur.Item; } } public T Max { get { if (root == null) return default; var cur = root; while (cur.Right != null) { cur = cur.Right; } return cur.Item; } } public Node FindNode(T item) { Node current = root; while (current != null) { int order = comparer.Compare(item, current.Item); if (order == 0) return current; current = order < 0 ? current.Left : current.Right; } return null; } public int Index(Node node) { var ret = NodeSize(node.Left); Node prev = node; node = node.Parent; while (prev != root) { if (node.Left != prev) { ret += NodeSize(node.Left) + 1; } prev = node; node = node.Parent; } return ret; } public Node FindByIndex(int index) { var current = root; var currentIndex = current.Size - NodeSize(current.Right) - 1; while (currentIndex != index) { if (currentIndex > index) { current = current.Left; if (current == null) break; currentIndex -= NodeSize(current.Right) + 1; } else { current = current.Right; if (current == null) break; currentIndex += NodeSize(current.Left) + 1; } } return current; } public (Node node, int index) BinarySearch(T item, bool isLowerBound) { Node right = null; Node current = root; if (current == null) return (null, -1); int ri = -1; int ci = NodeSize(current.Left); while (true) { var order = comparer.Compare(item, current.Item); if (order < 0 || (isLowerBound && order == 0)) { right = current; ri = ci; current = current.Left; if (current != null) ci -= NodeSize(current.Right) + 1; else break; } else { current = current.Right; if (current != null) ci += NodeSize(current.Left) + 1; else break; } } return (right, ri); } public Node FindNodeLowerBound(T item) => BinarySearch(item, true).node; public Node FindNodeUpperBound(T item) => BinarySearch(item, false).node; public T LowerBoundItem(T item) => BinarySearch(item, true).node.Item; public T UpperBoundItem(T item) => BinarySearch(item, false).node.Item; public int LowerBoundIndex(T item) => BinarySearch(item, true).index; public int UpperBoundIndex(T item) => BinarySearch(item, false).index; public IEnumerable<T> Reversed() { var e = new Enumerator(this, true, null); while (e.MoveNext()) yield return e.Current; } public IEnumerable<T> Enumerate(Node from) => Enumerate(from, false); public IEnumerable<T> Enumerate(Node from, bool reverse) { if (from == null) yield break; var e = new Enumerator(this, reverse, from); while (e.MoveNext()) yield return e.Current; } public Set() : this(Comparer<T>.Default) { } public Set(IEnumerable<T> collection) : this(collection, Comparer<T>.Default) { } public Set(IComparer<T> comparer) { this.comparer = comparer; } public Set(IEnumerable<T> collection, IComparer<T> comparer) { this.comparer = comparer; var arr = InitArray(collection); this.root = ConstructRootFromSortedArray(arr, 0, arr.Length - 1, null); } protected T[] InitArray(IEnumerable<T> collection) { T[] arr; if (this.IsMulti) { arr = collection.ToArray(); Array.Sort(arr, this.comparer); } else { var list = new List<T>(collection); list.Sort(this.comparer); for (int i = list.Count - 1; i > 0; i--) if (this.comparer.Compare(list[i - 1], list[i]) == 0) list.RemoveAt(i); arr = list.ToArray(); } return arr; } public int Count => NodeSize(root); protected static int NodeSize(Node node) => node == null ? 0 : node.Size; protected readonly IComparer<T> comparer; bool ICollection<T>.IsReadOnly => false; private Node root; private static Node ConstructRootFromSortedArray(T[] arr, int startIndex, int endIndex, Node redNode) { int size = endIndex - startIndex + 1; Node root; switch (size) { case 0: return null; case 1: root = new Node(arr[startIndex], false); if (redNode != null) { root.Left = redNode; } break; case 2: root = new Node(arr[startIndex], false) { Right = new Node(arr[endIndex], true) }; if (redNode != null) { root.Left = redNode; } break; case 3: root = new Node(arr[startIndex + 1], false) { Left = new Node(arr[startIndex], false), Right = new Node(arr[endIndex], false) }; if (redNode != null) { root.Left.Left = redNode; } break; default: int midpt = ((startIndex + endIndex) / 2); root = new Node(arr[midpt], false) { Left = ConstructRootFromSortedArray(arr, startIndex, midpt - 1, redNode), Right = size % 2 == 0 ? ConstructRootFromSortedArray(arr, midpt + 2, endIndex, new Node(arr[midpt + 1], true)) : ConstructRootFromSortedArray(arr, midpt + 1, endIndex, null) }; break; } return root; } public void Add(T item) { if (root == null) { root = new Node(item, false); return; } Node current = root; Node parent = null; Node grandParent = null; Node greatGrandParent = null; int order = 0; while (current != null) { order = comparer.Compare(item, current.Item); if (order == 0 && !this.IsMulti) { root.IsRed = false; return; } if (Is4Node(current)) { Split4Node(current); if (IsNonNullRed(parent) == true) { InsertionBalance(current, ref parent, grandParent, greatGrandParent); } } greatGrandParent = grandParent; grandParent = parent; parent = current; current = (order < 0) ? current.Left : current.Right; } Node node = new Node(item, true); if (order >= 0) parent.Right = node; else parent.Left = node; if (parent.IsRed) InsertionBalance(node, ref parent, grandParent, greatGrandParent); root.IsRed = false; } public bool Remove(T item) { if (root == null) return false; Node current = root; Node parent = null; Node grandParent = null; Node match = null; Node parentOfMatch = null; bool foundMatch = false; while (current != null) { if (Is2Node(current)) { if (parent == null) { current.IsRed = true; } else { Node sibling = GetSibling(current, parent); if (sibling.IsRed) { if (parent.Right == sibling) RotateLeft(parent); else RotateRight(parent); parent.IsRed = true; sibling.IsRed = false; ReplaceChildOrRoot(grandParent, parent, sibling); grandParent = sibling; if (parent == match) parentOfMatch = sibling; sibling = (parent.Left == current) ? parent.Right : parent.Left; } if (Is2Node(sibling)) { Merge2Nodes(parent); } else { TreeRotation rotation = GetRotation(parent, current, sibling); Node newGrandParent = Rotate(parent, rotation); newGrandParent.IsRed = parent.IsRed; parent.IsRed = false; current.IsRed = true; ReplaceChildOrRoot(grandParent, parent, newGrandParent); if (parent == match) { parentOfMatch = newGrandParent; } } } } int order = foundMatch ? -1 : comparer.Compare(item, current.Item); if (order == 0) { foundMatch = true; match = current; parentOfMatch = parent; } grandParent = parent; parent = current; current = order < 0 ? current.Left : current.Right; } if (match != null) { ReplaceNode(match, parentOfMatch, parent, grandParent); } if (root != null) { root.IsRed = false; } return foundMatch; } public virtual void Clear() { root = null; } public virtual bool Contains(T item) => FindNode(item) != null; public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex) { foreach (var item in this) array[arrayIndex++] = item; } public Enumerator GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator(this); IEnumerator<T> IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator(this); IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => new Enumerator(this); private static bool Is2Node(Node node) => IsNonNullBlack(node) && IsNullOrBlack(node.Left) && IsNullOrBlack(node.Right); private static bool Is4Node(Node node) => IsNonNullRed(node.Left) && IsNonNullRed(node.Right); private static bool IsNonNullRed(Node node) => node != null && node.IsRed; private static bool IsNonNullBlack(Node node) => node != null && !node.IsRed; private static bool IsNullOrBlack(Node node) => node == null || !node.IsRed; private void ReplaceNode(Node match, Node parentOfMatch, Node succesor, Node parentOfSuccesor) { if (succesor == match) { succesor = match.Left; } else { if (succesor.Right != null) { succesor.Right.IsRed = false; } if (parentOfSuccesor != match) { parentOfSuccesor.Left = succesor.Right; succesor.Right = match.Right; } succesor.Left = match.Left; } if (succesor != null) { succesor.IsRed = match.IsRed; } ReplaceChildOrRoot(parentOfMatch, match, succesor); } private static void Merge2Nodes(Node parent) { parent.IsRed = false; parent.Left.IsRed = true; parent.Right.IsRed = true; } private static void Split4Node(Node node) { node.IsRed = true; node.Left.IsRed = false; node.Right.IsRed = false; } private static Node GetSibling(Node node, Node parent) { return parent.Left == node ? parent.Right : parent.Left; } private void InsertionBalance(Node current, ref Node parent, Node grandParent, Node greatGrandParent) { bool parentIsOnRight = grandParent.Right == parent; bool currentIsOnRight = parent.Right == current; Node newChildOfGreatGrandParent; if (parentIsOnRight == currentIsOnRight) { newChildOfGreatGrandParent = currentIsOnRight ? RotateLeft(grandParent) : RotateRight(grandParent); } else { newChildOfGreatGrandParent = currentIsOnRight ? RotateLeftRight(grandParent) : RotateRightLeft(grandParent); parent = greatGrandParent; } grandParent.IsRed = true; newChildOfGreatGrandParent.IsRed = false; ReplaceChildOrRoot(greatGrandParent, grandParent, newChildOfGreatGrandParent); } private static Node Rotate(Node node, TreeRotation rotation) { switch (rotation) { case TreeRotation.Right: node.Left.Left.IsRed = false; return RotateRight(node); case TreeRotation.Left: node.Right.Right.IsRed = false; return RotateLeft(node); case TreeRotation.RightLeft: return RotateRightLeft(node); case TreeRotation.LeftRight: return RotateLeftRight(node); default: throw new InvalidOperationException(); } } private static Node RotateLeft(Node node) { Node child = node.Right; node.Right = child.Left; child.Left = node; return child; } private static Node RotateLeftRight(Node node) { Node child = node.Left; Node grandChild = child.Right; node.Left = grandChild.Right; grandChild.Right = node; child.Right = grandChild.Left; grandChild.Left = child; return grandChild; } private static Node RotateRight(Node node) { Node child = node.Left; node.Left = child.Right; child.Right = node; return child; } private static Node RotateRightLeft(Node node) { Node child = node.Right; Node grandChild = child.Left; node.Right = grandChild.Left; grandChild.Left = node; child.Left = grandChild.Right; grandChild.Right = child; return grandChild; } private void ReplaceChildOrRoot(Node parent, Node child, Node newChild) { if (parent != null) { if (parent.Left == child) { parent.Left = newChild; } else { parent.Right = newChild; } } else { root = newChild; } } private static TreeRotation GetRotation(Node parent, Node current, Node sibling) { if (IsNonNullRed(sibling.Left)) { if (parent.Left == current) { return TreeRotation.RightLeft; } return TreeRotation.Right; } else { if (parent.Left == current) { return TreeRotation.Left; } return TreeRotation.LeftRight; } } public struct Enumerator : IEnumerator<T> { private Set<T> tree; private Stack<Node> stack; private Node current; private bool reverse; internal Enumerator(Set<T> set) : this(set, false, null) { } internal Enumerator(Set<T> set, bool reverse, Node startNode) { tree = set; stack = new Stack<Node>(2 * Log2(tree.Count + 1)); current = null; this.reverse = reverse; if (startNode == null) IntializeAll(); else Intialize(startNode); } private void IntializeAll() { var node = tree.root; while (node != null) { var next = reverse ? node.Right : node.Left; stack.Push(node); node = next; } } private void Intialize(Node startNode) { if (startNode == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(startNode) + "is null"); current = null; var node = startNode; var list = new List<Node>(Log2(tree.Count + 1)); var comparer = tree.comparer; if (reverse) { while (node != null) { list.Add(node); var parent = node.Parent; if (parent == null || parent.Left == node) { node = parent; break; } node = parent; } while (node != null) { var parent = node.Parent; if (parent == null || parent.Right == node) { node = parent; break; } node = parent; } while (node != null) { if (comparer.Compare(startNode.Item, node.Item) >= 0) list.Add(node); node = node.Parent; } } else { while (node != null) { list.Add(node); var parent = node.Parent; if (parent == null || parent.Right == node) { node = parent; break; } node = parent; } while (node != null) { var parent = node.Parent; if (parent == null || parent.Left == node) { node = parent; break; } node = parent; } while (node != null) { if (comparer.Compare(startNode.Item, node.Item) <= 0) list.Add(node); node = node.Parent; } } list.Reverse(); foreach (var n in list) stack.Push(n); } private static int Log2(int num) => num == 0 ? 0 : MSB(num) + 1; public T Current => current == null ? default : current.Item; public bool MoveNext() { if (stack.Count == 0) { current = null; return false; } current = stack.Pop(); var node = reverse ? current.Left : current.Right; while (node != null) { var next = reverse ? node.Right : node.Left; stack.Push(node); node = next; } return true; } object IEnumerator.Current => this.Current; public void Dispose() { } public void Reset() => throw new NotSupportedException(); } public class Node { public bool IsRed; public T Item; public Node Parent { get; private set; } private Node _left; public Node Left { get { return _left; } set { _left = value; if (value != null) value.Parent = this; for (var cur = this; cur != null; cur = cur.Parent) { if (!cur.UpdateSize()) break; if (cur.Parent != null && cur.Parent.Left != cur && cur.Parent.Right != cur) { cur.Parent = null; break; } } } } private Node _right; public Node Right { get { return _right; } set { _right = value; if (value != null) value.Parent = this; for (var cur = this; cur != null; cur = cur.Parent) { if (!cur.UpdateSize()) break; if (cur.Parent != null && cur.Parent.Left != cur && cur.Parent.Right != cur) { cur.Parent = null; break; } } } } public int Size { get; private set; } = 1; public Node(T item, bool isRed) { this.Item = item; this.IsRed = isRed; } public bool UpdateSize() { var oldsize = this.Size; var size = 1; if (Left != null) size += Left.Size; if (Right != null) size += Right.Size; this.Size = size; return oldsize != size; } public override string ToString() => $"Size = {Size}, Item = {Item}"; } private enum TreeRotation : byte { Left = 1, Right = 2, RightLeft = 3, LeftRight = 4, } }
class MultiSet<T> : Set<T> { public override bool IsMulti => true; public MultiSet() : base() { } public MultiSet(IEnumerable<T> collection) : base(collection) { } public MultiSet(IComparer<T> comparer) : base(comparer) { } public MultiSet(IEnumerable<T> collection, IComparer<T> comparer) : base(collection, comparer) { } }