Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

Given is a tree T with N vertices. The i-th edge connects Vertex A_i and B_i (1 \leq A_i,B_i \leq N).

Now, each vertex is painted black with probability 1/2 and white with probability 1/2, which is chosen independently from other vertices. Then, let S be the smallest subtree (connected subgraph) of T containing all the vertices painted black. (If no vertex is painted black, S is the empty graph.)

Let the holeyness of S be the number of white vertices contained in S. Find the expected holeyness of S.

Since the answer is a rational number, we ask you to print it \bmod 10^9+7, as described in Notes.

Notes

When you print a rational number, first write it as a fraction \frac{y}{x}, where x, y are integers, and x is not divisible by 10^9 + 7
(under the constraints of the problem, such representation is always possible).

Then, you need to print the only integer z between 0 and 10^9 + 6, inclusive, that satisfies xz \equiv y \pmod{10^9 + 7}.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

1 \leq A_i,B_i \leq N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 B_1
:
A_{N-1} B_{N-1}

Output

Print the expected holeyness of S, \bmod 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

125000001

If the vertices 1, 2, 3 are painted black, white, black, respectively, the holeyness of S is 1.

Otherwise, the holeyness is 0, so the expected holeyness is 1/8.

Since 8 \times 125000001 \equiv 1 \pmod{10^9+7}, we should print 125000001.

Sample Input 2

4
1 2
2 3
3 4

Sample Output 2

375000003

The expected holeyness is 3/8.

Since 8 \times 375000003 \equiv 3 \pmod{10^9+7}, we should print 375000003.

Sample Input 3

4
1 2
1 3
1 4

Sample Output 3

250000002

The expected holeyness is 1/4.

Sample Input 4

7
4 7
3 1
2 6
5 2
7 1
2 7

Sample Output 4

570312505

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;

using E = System.Linq.Enumerable;

internal partial class Solver {
    public void Run() {
        int mod = 1000000007;
        ModInt.SetModValue(mod);
        var n = ni();
        var adj = Enumerable.Range(0, n).Select(_ => new List<int>()).ToArray();
        int id = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            var a = ni() - 1;
            var b = ni() - 1;
            adj[a].Add(b);
            adj[b].Add(a);
        }
        
        ModInt ans = 0;

        var invTwo = new long[n + 1];
        invTwo[0] = 1;
        var half = (new ModInt(1) / 2).ToInt();
        for (int i = 1; i < invTwo.Length; i++) {
            invTwo[i] = invTwo[i - 1] * half % mod;
        }

        var bfs = GetChildNumTable(adj, 0);

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            long sub = 0;

            var vertexes = new List<int>();
            int sum = 0;
            foreach (var next in adj[i]) {
                if (next == bfs.Parent[i]) continue;
                var v = bfs.ChildNum[next];
                vertexes.Add(v);
                sum += v;
            }
            if (n - 1 - sum > 0) vertexes.Add(n - 1 - sum);
            // all zero
            sub += invTwo[n - 1];

            foreach (var v in vertexes) {
                var rem = n - 1 - v;
                var vAllZero = invTwo[v];
                sub += (1 - vAllZero) * invTwo[rem];
                sub %= mod;
            }

            ans += 1 - sub;
        }
        cout.WriteLine((ans / 2).ToInt());
    }

    class BFSResult {
        public int[] ChildNum;
        public int[] Parent;
    }

    BFSResult GetChildNumTable(List<int>[] adj, int root) {
        var n = adj.Length;
        var child = new int[n];
        var parents = new int[n];
        var visited = new bool[n];
        var queue = new Queue<int>();
        queue.Enqueue(root);
        queue.Enqueue(-1);
        var perm = new List<int>();
        while (queue.Count > 0) {
            var current = queue.Dequeue();
            var parent = queue.Dequeue();
            if (visited[current]) continue;
            visited[current] = true;
            parents[current] = parent;
            perm.Add(current);
            foreach (var next in adj[current]) {
                if (next == parent) continue;
                if (visited[next]) continue;
                queue.Enqueue(next);
                queue.Enqueue(current);
            }
        }

        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            child[perm[i]] = 1;
            foreach (var next in adj[perm[i]]) {
                if (next == parents[perm[i]]) continue;
                child[perm[i]] += child[next];
            }
        }

        return new BFSResult {
            ChildNum = child,
            Parent = parents,
        };
    }
}

public struct ModInt {
    private static int mod = 0;
    private long value;

    public ModInt(long x) {
        value = x;
        Normalize();
    }

    private static long RegularMod(long x, int mod) {
        if (x >= mod) {
            if (x < 2 * mod) {
                return x - mod;
            }

            return x % mod;
        }
        if (x >= 0) {
            return x;
        }

        x = mod - RegularMod(-x, mod);
        if (x == mod) {
            return 0;
        }

        return x;
    }

    public static void SetModValue(int m) {
        ModInt.mod = m;
    }

    private void Normalize() {
        value = RegularMod(value, mod);
    }

    public override string ToString() {
        return value.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
    }

    public int ToInt() {
        return (int)value;
    }

    public static bool operator ==(ModInt c1, ModInt c2) {
        return c1.value == c2.value;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(ModInt c1, ModInt c2) {
        return !(c1 == c2);
    }

    public static ModInt operator +(ModInt x, ModInt y) {
        return new ModInt(x.value + y.value);
    }
    public static ModInt operator -(ModInt x, ModInt y) {
        return new ModInt(x.value - y.value);
    }
    public static ModInt operator *(ModInt x, ModInt y) {
        return new ModInt(x.value * y.value);
    }
    public static ModInt operator /(ModInt x, ModInt y) {
        return new ModInt(x.value * Inverse(y.value, mod));
    }
    public static ModInt operator ++(ModInt x) {
        return x + 1;
    }
    public static ModInt operator --(ModInt x) {
        return x - 1;
    }
    public static ModInt Pow(ModInt x, long n) {
        ModInt r = 1;
        while (n > 0) {
            if ((n & 1) != 0) r *= x;
            x *= x;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return r;
    }
    private static long ExtendedGcd(long a, long b, ref long x, ref long y) {
        if (b == 0) {
            x = 1; y = 0;
            return a;
        } else {
            long d = ExtendedGcd(b, a % b, ref y, ref x);
            y -= a / b * x;
            return d;
        }
    }

    private static long Inverse(long a, long mod) {
        long x = 0, y = 0;
        if (ExtendedGcd(a, mod, ref x, ref y) == 1) {
            return (x + mod) % mod;
        } else {
            throw new Exception("Invalid inverse " + a + " " + mod);
        }
    }

    public static implicit operator ModInt(long x) {
        return new ModInt(x);
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return value.Equals(((ModInt)obj).value);
    }

    public override int GetHashCode() {
        return value.GetHashCode();
    }
}
// PREWRITEN CODE BEGINS FROM HERE
internal partial class Solver : Scanner {
    public static void Main(string[] args) {
#if LOCAL
        byte[] inputBuffer = new byte[1000000];
        var inputStream = Console.OpenStandardInput(inputBuffer.Length);
        using (var reader = new StreamReader(inputStream, Console.InputEncoding, false, inputBuffer.Length)) {
            Console.SetIn(reader);
            new Solver(Console.In, Console.Out).Run();
        }
#else
        Console.SetOut(new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false });
        new Solver(Console.In, Console.Out).Run();
        Console.Out.Flush();
#endif
    }

#pragma warning disable IDE0052
    private readonly TextReader cin;
    private readonly TextWriter cout;
#pragma warning restore IDE0052

    public Solver(TextReader reader, TextWriter writer)
        : base(reader) {
        cin = reader;
        cout = writer;
    }
    public Solver(string input, TextWriter writer)
        : this(new StringReader(input), writer) {
    }

#pragma warning disable IDE1006
#pragma warning disable IDE0051
    private int ni() { return NextInt(); }
    private int[] ni(int n) { return NextIntArray(n); }
    private long nl() { return NextLong(); }
    private long[] nl(int n) { return NextLongArray(n); }
    private double nd() { return NextDouble(); }
    private double[] nd(int n) { return NextDoubleArray(n); }
    private string ns() { return Next(); }
    private string[] ns(int n) { return NextArray(n); }
#pragma warning restore IDE1006
#pragma warning restore IDE0051
}

internal static class LinqPadExtension {
    public static T Dump<T>(this T obj) {
#if LOCAL
        return LINQPad.Extensions.Dump(obj);
#else
        return obj;
#endif
    }
}

public class Scanner {
    private readonly TextReader Reader;
    private readonly Queue<string> TokenQueue = new Queue<string>();
    private readonly CultureInfo ci = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;

    public Scanner()
        : this(Console.In) {
    }

    public Scanner(TextReader reader) {
        Reader = reader;
    }

    public int NextInt() { return int.Parse(Next(), ci); }
    public long NextLong() { return long.Parse(Next(), ci); }
    public double NextDouble() { return double.Parse(Next(), ci); }
    public string[] NextArray(int size) {
        string[] array = new string[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = Next();
        }

        return array;
    }
    public int[] NextIntArray(int size) {
        int[] array = new int[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = NextInt();
        }

        return array;
    }

    public long[] NextLongArray(int size) {
        long[] array = new long[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = NextLong();
        }

        return array;
    }

    public double[] NextDoubleArray(int size) {
        double[] array = new double[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            array[i] = NextDouble();
        }

        return array;
    }

    public string Next() {
        if (TokenQueue.Count == 0) {
            if (!StockTokens()) {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
        return TokenQueue.Dequeue();
    }

    public bool HasNext() {
        if (TokenQueue.Count > 0) {
            return true;
        }

        return StockTokens();
    }

    private static readonly char[] _separator = new[] { ' ', '\t' };
    private bool StockTokens() {
        while (true) {
            string line = Reader.ReadLine();
            if (line == null) {
                return false;
            }

            string[] tokens = line.Split(_separator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            if (tokens.Length == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            foreach (string token in tokens) {
                TokenQueue.Enqueue(token);
            }

            return true;
        }
    }
}