Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

In a flower bed, there are N flowers, numbered 1,2,......,N. Initially, the heights of all flowers are 0.
You are given a sequence h=\{h_1,h_2,h_3,......\} as input. You would like to change the height of Flower k to h_k for all k (1 \leq k \leq N), by repeating the following "watering" operation:

Specify integers l and r. Increase the height of Flower x by 1 for all x such that l \leq x \leq r.

Find the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq h_i \leq 100

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
h_1 h_2 h_3 ...... h_N

Output

Print the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 1

Sample Output 1

2

The minimum number of watering operations required is 2.
One way to achieve it is:

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(1,3).

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(2,4).

Sample Input 2

5
3 1 2 3 1

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

8
4 23 75 0 23 96 50 100

Sample Output 3

221

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;

namespace AtCoderWorkspace
{
    public class Solver
    {
        public void Solve()
        {
            var cin = new Scanner();
            int n = cin.nextInt();
            var a = cin.ArrayInt(n);

            var stack = new Stack<Tuple<int, int,int>>(); // l,r,h
            stack.Push(Tuple.Create(0, n - 1, 1));
            var ans = 0;
            while (stack.Count > 0)
            {
                var item = stack.Pop();
                var l = item.Item1;
                var r = item.Item2;
                var h = item.Item3;

                // cut between r and l
                for (int i = l; i <= r; i++)
                {
                    if(a[i] >= h)
                    {
                        var rr = i;
                        while (true)
                        {
                            if (!(a[rr] >= h) || rr == r)
                            {                                
                                ans++;
                                stack.Push(Tuple.Create(i, rr==r?rr:rr-1, h + 1));
                                i = rr;
                                break;
                            }
                            rr++;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            Console.WriteLine(ans);
        }
    }

    class Scanner
    {
        string[] s;
        int i;

        char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };

        public Scanner()
        {
            s = new string[0];
            i = 0;
        }

        public string next()
        {
            if (i < s.Length) return s[i++];
            string st = Console.ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = Console.ReadLine();
            s = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            if (s.Length == 0) return next();
            i = 0;
            return s[i++];
        }

        public int nextInt()
        {
            return int.Parse(next());
        }
        public int[] ArrayInt(int N, int add = 0)
        {
            int[] Array = new int[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextInt() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public int[] DPArrayInt(int N, int ex)
        {
            int[] Array = new int[N + ex];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextInt();
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public long nextLong()
        {
            return long.Parse(next());
        }

        public long[] ArrayLong(int N, long add = 0)
        {
            long[] Array = new long[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextLong() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public long[] DPArrayLong(int N, int ex)
        {
            long[] Array = new long[N + ex];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextLong();
            }
            return Array;
        }

        public double nextDouble()
        {
            return double.Parse(next());
        }


        public double[] ArrayDouble(int N, double add = 0)
        {
            double[] Array = new double[N];
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                Array[i] = nextDouble() + add;
            }
            return Array;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] s) => new Solver().Solve();
    }
}