Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

There are N Snuke Cats numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N, where N is even.

Each Snuke Cat wears a red scarf, on which his favorite non-negative integer is written.

Recently, they learned the operation called xor (exclusive OR).

What is xor?

For n non-negative integers x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n, their xor, x_1~\textrm{xor}~x_2~\textrm{xor}~\ldots~\textrm{xor}~x_n is defined as follows:

When x_1~\textrm{xor}~x_2~\textrm{xor}~\ldots~\textrm{xor}~x_n is written in base two, the digit in the 2^k's place (k \geq 0) is 1 if the number of integers among x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n whose binary representations have 1 in the 2^k's place is odd, and 0 if that count is even.

For example, 3~\textrm{xor}~5 = 6.

They wanted to use this operation quickly, so each of them calculated the xor of the integers written on their scarfs except his scarf.

We know that the xor calculated by Snuke Cat i, that is, the xor of the integers written on the scarfs except the scarf of Snuke Cat i is a_i.
Using this information, restore the integer written on the scarf of each Snuke Cat.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 200000

N is even.

0 \leq a_i \leq 10^9

There exists a combination of integers on the scarfs that is consistent with the given information.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 \ldots a_N

Output

Print a line containing N integers separated with space.

The i-th of the integers from the left should represent the integer written on the scarf of Snuke Cat i.

If there are multiple possible solutions, you may print any of them.

Sample Input 1

4
20 11 9 24

Sample Output 1

26 5 7 22

5~\textrm{xor}~7~\textrm{xor}~22 = 20

26~\textrm{xor}~7~\textrm{xor}~22 = 11

26~\textrm{xor}~5~\textrm{xor}~22 = 9

26~\textrm{xor}~5~\textrm{xor}~7 = 24

Thus, this output is consistent with the given information.

Solution in C# (Mono-mcs 6.8.0.105) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
//using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using static System.Math;
//using static System.Linq.Enumerable;
using static Math2;
using static Output;
using static Utils;

public class CP
{
    Input sc;
    public void Solve()
    {
        sc = new Input();
        bool multicases = false;
        var t = multicases ? sc.Int : 1;
        // var sw = new Stopwatch();
        // sw.Start();
        while (t-- > 0)
        {
            case2();
        }
        // sw.Stop();
        //Put(sw.ElapsedMilliseconds + "ms");
    }
    public void case1()
    {
        var n = sc.Long;
        long sum = 0;
        int x = 1;
        while (true)
        {
            sum += Power2(26, x);
            if (n <= sum)
            {
                var ans = "";
                for (long i = 0; i < x; ++i)
                {
                    for (long j = 1; j <= 26; ++j)
                    {
                        if (j * Power2(26, x - i - 1) > n)
                        {
                            ans += (char)('a' + j - 2);
                            n -= (j - 1) * Power2(26, x - i - 1);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                Put(ans);

                return;
            }
            ++x;
        }

    }

    public void case2()
    {
        var n = sc.Int;
        var a = sc.Longarr;
        if (n == 2) Put(a[1], a[0]);
        else
        {
            var x = 0L;
            var ans = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) x ^= a[i];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            {
                ans[i] = x ^ a[i];
            }
            Put(ans);
        }
    }
}













public static class NumberTheory
{
    public static Dictionary<long, int> PrimeFactorization(long N)
    {
        var ret = new Dictionary<long, int>();
        for (long i = 2; i * i <= N; ++i)
        {
            int cnt = 0;
            while (N % i == 0)
            {
                cnt++;
                N /= i;
            }
            if (cnt != 0) ret[i] = cnt;
        }
        if (N >= 2) ret[N] = 1;
        return ret;
    }
    public static Dictionary<int, int> FactoricalPF(int N)
    {
        var ret = new Dictionary<int, int>();
        for (int i = 2; i <= N; ++i)
        {
            int ni = i;
            for (int j = 2; j * j <= ni; ++j)
            {
                int cnt = 0;
                while (ni % j == 0)
                {
                    ++cnt;
                    ni /= j;
                }
                if (cnt == 0) continue;
                if (ret.ContainsKey(j))
                    ret[j] += cnt;
                else ret[j] = cnt;
            }
            if (ni >= 2)
            {
                if (ret.ContainsKey(ni))
                    ret[ni] += 1;
                else ret[ni] = 1;
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    public static List<long> DivisorEnumrate(long N)
    {
        var ret = new List<long>();
        for (long i = 1; i * i <= N; ++i)
        {
            if (N % i == 0)
            {
                ret.Add(i);
                ret.Add(N / i);
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    public static List<int> seive(int n)
    {
        var ret = new List<int>();
        bool[] isPrime = new bool[n + 1];
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) isPrime[i] = true;
        isPrime[1] = false;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        {
            int j = i;
            if (isPrime[i]) ret.Add(i);
            else continue;
            while (j <= n)
            {
                j += i;
                if (j > n) continue;
                isPrime[j] = false;
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    public static bool isPrime(long n)
    {
        for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; ++i)
        {
            if (n % i == 0) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}
// public class LasySegmentTree<T, U>
// {
//     Func<T, T, T> F;
//     Func<T, U, T> G;
//     Func<U, U, U> H;
//     T E;
//     U I;


// }
public class PriorityQueue<T>
{
    List<T> _item;
    public int Count { get { return _item.Count; } }
    bool _isascend { get; set; }
    public T Peek { get { return _item[0]; } }
    Comparison<T> Comp;
    public PriorityQueue(bool IsAscend = true, IEnumerable<T> list = null) : this(Comparer<T>.Default.Compare, IsAscend, list) { }
    public PriorityQueue(Comparison<T> cmp, bool IsAscend = true, IEnumerable<T> list = null)
    {
        _item = new List<T>();
        _isascend = IsAscend;
        this.Comp = cmp;
        if (list != null)
        {
            _item.AddRange(list);
            Build();
        }
    }

    private int Compare(int i, int j) => (_isascend ? -1 : 1) * Comp(_item[i], _item[j]);
    private void Swap(int i, int j) { var t = _item[i]; _item[i] = _item[j]; _item[j] = t; }
    private int Parent(int i) => (i - 1) >> 1;
    private int Left(int i) => (i << 1) + 1;
    public T Enqueue(T val)
    {
        int i = _item.Count;
        _item.Add(val);
        while (i > 0)
        {
            int p = Parent(i);
            if (Compare(i, p) > 0)
                Swap(i, p);
            i = p;
        }
        return val;
    }
    private void Heapify(int index)
    {
        for (int i = index, j;
            (j = Left(i)) < _item.Count; i = j)
        {
            if (j != _item.Count - 1 && Compare(j, j + 1) < 0) j++;
            if (Compare(i, j) < 0)
                Swap(i, j);
        }
    }
    public T Dequeue()
    {
        T val = _item[0];
        _item[0] = _item[_item.Count - 1];
        _item.RemoveAt(_item.Count - 1);
        Heapify(0);
        return val;
    }
    private void Build()
    {
        for (var i = (_item.Count >> 1) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            Heapify(i);
    }
    public bool Any() => Count > 0;
}
public class BinarySearch
{
    public static int Lower_Bound<T>(IList<T> Array, T Target)
    {
        return Lower_Bound<T>(Array, Target, Comparer<T>.Default.Compare);
    }
    public static int Lower_Bound<T>(IList<T> Array, T Target, Comparison<T> Comp)
    {
        var cmp = Comparer<T>.Create(Comp);
        var l = -1; //always ng
        var r = Array.Count(); //always ok
        while (r - l > 1)
        {
            var mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
            var res = cmp.Compare(Array[mid], Target);
            if (res >= 0) r = mid;
            else l = mid;
        }
        return r;
    }
    public static int Upper_Bound<T>(IList<T> Array, T Target)
    {
        return Upper_Bound<T>(Array, Target, Comparer<T>.Default.Compare);
    }
    public static int Upper_Bound<T>(IList<T> Array, T Target, Comparison<T> Comp)
    {
        var cmp = Comparer<T>.Create(Comp);
        var l = -1;
        var r = Array.Count;
        while (r - l > 1)
        {
            var mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
            var res = cmp.Compare(Array[mid], Target);
            if (res > 0) r = mid;
            else l = mid;
        }
        return r;
    }
    public static bool Contains<T>(IList<T> Arr, T Target)
    {
        return Contains<T>(Arr, Target, Comparer<T>.Default.Compare);
    }
    public static bool Contains<T>(IList<T> Arr, T Target, Comparison<T> Comp)
    {
        return (Upper_Bound(Arr, Target, Comp) - Lower_Bound(Arr, Target, Comp) > 0);
    }
}
public static class Math2
{
    public const int INF = 1 << 29;
    public const long INFL = 1L << 60;
    public const long MOD = 1000000007;
    public const long MOD2 = 998244353;

    public static long Power(long a, long b, long MOD = 1000000007) //i^N
    {
        long res = 1;
        while (b > 0)
        {
            if ((b & 1) != 0) res = res * a % MOD;
            a = a * a % MOD;
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }
    public static long Power2(long a, long b) //i^N
    {
        long res = 1;
        while (b > 0)
        {
            if ((b & 1) != 0) res = res * a;
            a = a * a;
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return res;
    }
    public static long GCD(long a, long b)
    {
        if (a == 0) return b;
        while (b > 0)
        {
            var r = a % b;
            a = b;
            b = r;
        }
        return a;
    }
    public static long LCM(long a, long b) => (b / GCD(a, b)) * a;
    public static long Comb(long n, long r, int MOD = 1000000007)
    {
        if (r > n - r) r = n - r;
        long Nume = 1;
        long Deno = 1;

        if (r > n - r) r = n - r;
        for (long i = 1; i <= r; ++i)
        {
            Deno = (Deno * i) % MOD;
            Nume = Nume * (n - i + 1) % MOD;
        }
        return (Nume * inv(Deno)) % MOD;
    }
    public static long Comb2(long n, long r)
    {
        long Nume = 1;
        long Deno = 1;

        if (r > n - r) r = n - r;
        for (long i = 1; i <= r; ++i)
        {
            Deno *= i;
            Nume *= n - i + 1;
        }
        return Nume / Deno;
    }
    public static long inv(long x, int MOD = 1000000007)
    {
        return Power(x, MOD - 2, MOD);
    }
}
public static class Utils
{
    public static T[] sort<T>(this T[] a)
    {
        Array.Sort(a);
        return a;
    }
    public static int popcnt(long a)
    {
        int cnt = 0;
        while (a > 0)
        {
            if ((a & 1) == 1) ++cnt;
            a >>= 1;
        }
        return cnt;
    }
    public static void Swap<T>(ref T A, ref T B)
    {
        T x = A;
        A = B;
        B = x;
    }
    public static int DigitSum(string N)
    {

        int ret = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < N.Length; ++i) ret += N[i] - '0';
        return ret;
    }
    public static string ConvertBase(long N, int K)
    {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        while (N > 0)
        {
            var r = N % K;
            N /= K;
            ret.Append(r);
        }
        return new string(ret.ToString().ToCharArray().Reverse().ToArray());
    }
    public static bool NextPermutation<T>(IList<T> lis, Comparison<T> cmp)
    {
        int n = lis.Count;
        int i = n - 1;
        while (i - 1 >= 0)
        {
            if (cmp(lis[i - 1], lis[i]) < 0) break;
            --i;
        }
        if (i == 0) return false;
        int j = i;
        while (j + 1 < n)
        {
            if (cmp(lis[i - 1], lis[j + 1]) > 0) break;
            ++j;
        }
        var _q = lis[j];
        lis[j] = lis[i - 1];
        lis[i - 1] = _q;
        int k = i;
        int l = n - 1;
        while (k < l)
        {
            var _p = lis[k];
            lis[k] = lis[l];
            lis[l] = _p;

            ++k;
            --l;
        }
        return true;
    }
    public static bool NextPermutation<T>(IList<T> lis) => NextPermutation(lis, Comparer<T>.Default.Compare);
}
class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var CP = new CP();
        CP.Solve();
    }
}
public static class Output
{

    public static void Put(string a) => Console.WriteLine(a);
    public static void Put(params object[] i) => Put(string.Join(" ", i));
    public static void Put<T>(IEnumerable<T> a) => Put(string.Join(" ", a));
    public static void PutV<T>(IEnumerable<T> a) { foreach (var z in a) Put(z); }
    public static void YN(bool i)
    {
        if (i) Put("Yes");
        else Put("No");
    }
}
public class Input
{
    public static string Str => Console.ReadLine();
    public static bool IsTypeEqual<T, U>() => typeof(T).Equals(typeof(U));
    public static T ConvertType<T, U>(U a) => (T)Convert.ChangeType(a, typeof(T));
    public static T Cast<T>(string s)
    {
        if (IsTypeEqual<T, int>()) return ConvertType<T, int>(int.Parse(s));
        else if (IsTypeEqual<T, long>()) return ConvertType<T, long>(long.Parse(s));
        else if (IsTypeEqual<T, double>()) return ConvertType<T, double>(double.Parse(s));
        else if (IsTypeEqual<T, char>()) return ConvertType<T, char>(char.Parse(s));
        else if (IsTypeEqual<T, BigInteger>()) return ConvertType<T, BigInteger>(BigInteger.Parse(s));
        else if (IsTypeEqual<T, decimal>()) return ConvertType<T, decimal>(decimal.Parse(s));
        else return ConvertType<T, string>(s);
    }
    public static T[] Castarr<T>(string[] s)
    {

        var ret = new T[s.Length];
        int i = 0;
        if (IsTypeEqual<T, char>())
        {
            var list = new List<T>();
            foreach (var t in s)
            {
                foreach (var u in t)
                {
                    list.Add(ConvertType<T, char>(char.Parse(u.ToString())));
                }
            }
            return list.ToArray();
        }
        foreach (var t in s)
        {
            if (IsTypeEqual<T, int>()) ret[i++] = ConvertType<T, int>(int.Parse(t));
            else if (IsTypeEqual<T, long>()) ret[i++] = ConvertType<T, long>(long.Parse(t));
            else if (IsTypeEqual<T, double>()) ret[i++] = ConvertType<T, double>(double.Parse(t));
            else if (IsTypeEqual<T, BigInteger>()) ret[i++] = ConvertType<T, BigInteger>(BigInteger.Parse(t));
            else ret[i++] = ConvertType<T, string>(t);
        }
        return ret;
    }
    Queue<string> q = new Queue<string>();
    void next() { var ss = Str.Split(' '); foreach (var item in ss) q.Enqueue(item); }
    public T cin<T>() { if (!q.Any()) next(); return Cast<T>(q.Dequeue()); }
    public T[] cinarr<T>() { return Castarr<T>(Str.Split(' ')); }
    public T[] cinarr<T>(int n) { var ret = new T[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) ret[i] = cin<T>(); return ret; }
    public int Int => cin<int>();
    public long Long => cin<long>();
    public double Double => cin<double>();
    public char Char => cin<char>();
    public string String => cin<string>();
    public BigInteger BI => cin<BigInteger>();
    public int[] Intarr => cinarr<int>();
    public long[] Longarr => cinarr<long>();
    public double[] Doublearr => cinarr<double>();
    public char[] Chararr => cinarr<char>();
    public string[] Stringarr => cinarr<string>();
    public BigInteger[] BIarr => cinarr<BigInteger>();
    public void cin<T>(out T t) { t = cin<T>(); }
    public void mul<T, U>(out T t, out U u) { t = cin<T>(); u = cin<U>(); }
    public void mul<T, U, V>(out T t, out U u, out V v) { t = cin<T>(); u = cin<U>(); v = cin<V>(); }
    public void mul<T, U, V, W>(out T t, out U u, out V v, out W w) { t = cin<T>(); u = cin<U>(); v = cin<V>(); w = cin<W>(); }
    public void mul<T, U, V, W, X>(out T t, out U u, out V v, out W w, out X x) { t = cin<T>(); u = cin<U>(); v = cin<V>(); w = cin<W>(); x = cin<X>(); }
    public void mul<T, U, V, W, X, Y>(out T t, out U u, out V v, out W w, out X x, out Y y) { t = cin<T>(); u = cin<U>(); v = cin<V>(); w = cin<W>(); x = cin<X>(); y = cin<Y>(); }
    public void mul<T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z>(out T t, out U u, out V v, out W w, out X x, out Y y, out Z z) { t = cin<T>(); u = cin<U>(); v = cin<V>(); w = cin<W>(); x = cin<X>(); y = cin<Y>(); z = cin<Z>(); }
}