Problem:
Score : 600 points

Problem Statement

There are N piles of stones. The i-th pile has A_i stones.

Aoki and Takahashi are about to use them to play the following game:

Starting with Aoki, the two players alternately do the following operation:

Operation: Choose one pile of stones, and remove one or more stones from it.

When a player is unable to do the operation, he loses, and the other player wins.

When the two players play optimally, there are two possibilities in this game: the player who moves first always wins, or the player who moves second always wins, only depending on the initial number of stones in each pile.

In such a situation, Takahashi, the second player to act, is trying to guarantee his win by moving at least zero and at most (A_1 - 1) stones from the 1-st pile to the 2-nd pile before the game begins.

If this is possible, print the minimum number of stones to move to guarantee his victory; otherwise, print -1 instead.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 300

1 \leq A_i \leq 10^{12}

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 \ldots A_N

Output

Print the minimum number of stones to move to guarantee Takahashi's win; otherwise, print -1 instead.

Sample Input 1

2
5 3

Sample Output 1

1

Without moving stones, if Aoki first removes 2 stones from the 1-st pile, Takahashi cannot win in any way.

If Takahashi moves 1 stone from the 1-st pile to the 2-nd before the game begins so that both piles have 4 stones, Takahashi can always win by properly choosing his actions.

Sample Input 2

2
3 5

Sample Output 2

-1

It is not allowed to move stones from the 2-nd pile to the 1-st.

Sample Input 3

3
1 1 2

Sample Output 3

-1

It is not allowed to move all stones from the 1-st pile.

Sample Input 4

8
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3

Sample Output 4

3

Sample Input 5

3
4294967297 8589934593 12884901890

Sample Output 5

1

Watch out for overflows.

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using static System.Console;
using static System.Math;

namespace AtTest.ABC_172
{
    class F
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var sw = new System.IO.StreamWriter(OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false };
            SetOut(sw);

            Method(args);

            Out.Flush();
        }

        static void Method(string[] args)
        {
            int n = ReadInt();
            long[] array = ReadLongs();
            long first = array[0];

            long other= 0;
            for(int i = 2; i < n; i++)
            {
                other ^= array[i];
            }

            long div = 1;
            while (div * 2 <= Max(Max(array[0],array[1]),other))
            {
                div *= 2;
            }

            long res = 0;
            while (div > 0)
            {
                if ((other & div) > 0)// one
                {
                    if ((array[0] & div) > 0 && (array[1] & div) > 0)
                    {
                        long delta = array[0] - div + 1;
                        if (array[1] + delta < div * 2)
                        {
                            array[0] -= delta;
                            array[1] += delta;
                            res += delta;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            WriteLine(-1);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    else if ((array[0] & div) > 0 && (array[1] & div) == 0)
                    {
                    }
                    else if ((array[0] & div) == 0 && (array[1] & div) > 0)
                    {
                    }
                    else if ((array[0] & div) == 0 && (array[1] & div) == 0)
                    {
                        long delta = div - array[1];
                        if (array[0] >= delta)
                        {
                            array[0] -= delta;
                            array[1] += delta;
                            res += delta;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            WriteLine(-1);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
                else// zero
                {
                    if ((array[0] & div) > 0 && (array[1] & div) > 0)
                    {
                    }
                    else if ((array[0] & div) > 0 && (array[1] & div) == 0)
                    {
                        long delta = Min(array[0] - div + 1, div - array[1]);
                        if (array[0] >= delta
                            && (((array[0] - delta) ^ (array[1] + delta)) & div) == 0)
                        {
                            array[0] -= delta;
                            array[1] += delta;
                            res += delta;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            WriteLine(-1);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    else if ((array[0] & div) == 0 && (array[1] & div) > 0)
                    {
                        WriteLine(-1);
                        return;
                    }
                    else if ((array[0] & div) == 0 && (array[1] & div) == 0)
                    {
                    }
                }

                if (array[0] >= div)
                {
                    array[0] -= div;
                }
                if (array[1] >= div)
                {
                    array[1] -= div;
                }
                if (other >= div)
                {
                    other -= div;
                }
                div /= 2;
            }

            if (res >= first)
            {
                WriteLine(-1);
            }
            else
            {
                WriteLine(res);
            }
        }

        private static string Read() { return ReadLine(); }
        private static char[] ReadChars() { return Array.ConvertAll(Read().Split(), a => a[0]); }
        private static int ReadInt() { return int.Parse(Read()); }
        private static long ReadLong() { return long.Parse(Read()); }
        private static double ReadDouble() { return double.Parse(Read()); }
        private static int[] ReadInts() { return Array.ConvertAll(Read().Split(), int.Parse); }
        private static long[] ReadLongs() { return Array.ConvertAll(Read().Split(), long.Parse); }
        private static double[] ReadDoubles() { return Array.ConvertAll(Read().Split(), double.Parse); }
    }
}