Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AtCoder_solve
{
    class Program
    {
        public const ulong mod = 1000000007;

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {
            long n = Input();
            long ans = n * (n - 1) / 2;
            Console.WriteLine(ans);
                
                





        }

       
        static public long Input()
        {
            return long.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
        }

        static public string[] Input2()
        {
            return Console.ReadLine().Split();
        }

        static public long[] Input3()
        {
            string[] data = Console.ReadLine().Split();
            long[] res = new long[data.LongLength];
            for(long i = 0; i < data.LongLength; i++)
            {
                res[i] = long.Parse(data[i]);
            }
            return res;
        }
        public static long Choose(long n, long a)
        {
            long x = 1;
            long y = 1;
            for (long i = 0; i < a; i++)
            {
                x *= n - i;
                y *= i + 1;
            }
            return x / y;
        }

        public static long Gcd(long a, long b)
        {
            long x = Math.Max(a, b);
            long y = Math.Min(a, b);
            if (x % y == 0) return y;
            else return Gcd(y, x % y);
        }

        
       
    }
}