Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.

You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. If we can, find the minimum number of operations required.

Choose an integer i such that 1\leq i\leq N-1. Replace the value of X_{i+1} with the value of X_i plus 1.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^9(1\leq i\leq N)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

If we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation, print the minimum number of operations required. If we cannot, print -1.

Sample Input 1

4
0
1
1
2

Sample Output 1

3

We can make X equal to A as follows:

Choose i=2. X becomes (0,0,1,0).

Choose i=1. X becomes (0,1,1,0).

Choose i=3. X becomes (0,1,1,2).

Sample Input 2

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

9
0
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
2

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace AGC024C
{
    public class Program
    {
        void Solve(StreamScanner ss, StreamWriter sw)
        {
            //---------------------------------
            var N = ss.Next(int.Parse);
            var A = ss.Next(long.Parse, N);

            if (A[0] != 0)
            {
                sw.WriteLine(-1);
                return;
            }

            var ans = 0L;
            for (var i = 1; i < N; i++)
            {
                if (A[i] > A[i - 1] + 1)
                {
                    sw.WriteLine(-1);
                    return;
                }

                if (A[i] == A[i - 1] + 1) continue;
                if (A[i] <= A[i - 1]) ans += A[i - 1];
            }
            ans += A[N - 1];

            sw.WriteLine(ans);
            //---------------------------------
        }

        static void Main()
        {
            var ss = new StreamScanner(new StreamReader(Console.OpenStandardInput()));
            var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) {AutoFlush = false};
            new Program().Solve(ss, sw);
            sw.Flush();
        }

        static readonly Func<string, string> String = s => s;
    }

    public class StreamScanner
    {
        static readonly char[] Sep = {' '};
        readonly Queue<string> buffer = new Queue<string>();
        readonly TextReader textReader;

        public StreamScanner(TextReader textReader)
        {
            this.textReader = textReader;
        }

        public T Next<T>(Func<string, T> parser)
        {
            if (buffer.Count != 0) return parser(buffer.Dequeue());
            var nextStrings = textReader.ReadLine().Split(Sep, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            foreach (var nextString in nextStrings) buffer.Enqueue(nextString);
            return Next(parser);
        }

        public T[] Next<T>(Func<string, T> parser, int x)
        {
            var ret = new T[x];
            for (var i = 0; i < x; ++i) ret[i] = Next(parser);
            return ret;
        }

        public T[][] Next<T>(Func<string, T> parser, int x, int y)
        {
            var ret = new T[y][];
            for (var i = 0; i < y; ++i) ret[i] = Next(parser, x);
            return ret;
        }
    }
}