Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

namespace competitive_programming
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var main = new Program();
            main.solve();
        }

        void solve()
        {
            long N = long.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
            Console.WriteLine((N - 1 + 1) * (N - 1) / 2);
        }
    }
    struct Vector2
    {
        public Vector2(long x, long y)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }
        public long x;
        public long y;
    }

    struct Vector3
    {
        public int x;
        public int y;
        public int z;
    }
}