Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

There are N integers, A_1, A_2, ..., A_N, written on a blackboard.

We will repeat the following operation N-1 times so that we have only one integer on the blackboard.

Choose two integers x and y on the blackboard and erase these two integers. Then, write a new integer x-y.

Find the maximum possible value of the final integer on the blackboard and a sequence of operations that maximizes the final integer.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

-10^4 \leq A_i \leq 10^4

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1 A_2 ... A_N

Output

Print the maximum possible value M of the final integer on the blackboard, and a sequence of operations x_i, y_i that maximizes the final integer, in the format below.

Here x_i and y_i represent the integers x and y chosen in the i-th operation, respectively.

If there are multiple sequences of operations that maximize the final integer, any of them will be accepted.

M
x_1 y_1
:
x_{N-1} y_{N-1}

Sample Input 1

3
1 -1 2

Sample Output 1

4
-1 1
2 -2

If we choose x = -1 and y = 1 in the first operation, the set of integers written on the blackboard becomes (-2, 2).

Then, if we choose x = 2 and y = -2 in the second operation, the set of integers written on the blackboard becomes (4).

In this case, we have 4 as the final integer. We cannot end with a greater integer, so the answer is 4.

Sample Input 2

3
1 1 1

Sample Output 2

1
1 1
1 0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using static System.Math;
using System.Numerics;
static class Program{
	const int mod=(int)1e9+7;
	static void Main(){
		Sc sc=new Sc();
		int n=sc.I;
		var a=sc.La;
		var pq=new Pq<long>(n,true);
		var li=new List<long>();
		for(int i = 0;i<n;i++) {
			pq.Push(a[i]);
		}
		StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
		long e,g;
		while(pq.cnt>2){
			e=pq.Top;
			pq.Pop();
			g=pq.Top;
			pq.Pop();
			if(g<=0){
				li.Add(g);
				pq.Push(e);
			}
			else{
				pq.Push((e-g)<(g-e)?(e-g):(g-e));
				sb.Append(((e-g)<(g-e)?(e+" "+g):(g+" "+e))+"\n");
			}
		}
		e=pq.Top;
		pq.Pop();
		g=pq.Top;
		for(int i = 0;i<li.Count;i++) {
			sb.Append(g+" "+li[i]+"\n");
			g-=li[i];
		}
		sb.Append(g+" "+e+"\n");
		Console.WriteLine("{0}",g-e);
		Console.Write(sb);
	}
}
public class Mo<T>:IComparable{
	public int n;
	public T d;
	public Mo(int n,T d){this.n=n;this.d=d;}
	public int CompareTo(object obj){
		Mo<T> mymo=(Mo<T>)obj;
		if(mymo.n>n){return -1;}
		else if(mymo.n<n){return 1;}
		else{return 0;}
	}
}
public class Pq<T> where T:IComparable{
	private T[] he;
	public int cnt=0,max=0;
	private Func<T,T,int> compare;
	public Pq(int max,bool mm){
		this.max=max;
		he=new T[max];
		if(mm){compare=Ao;}
		else{compare=Do;}
	}
	public void Push(T x){
		if(cnt==max){Extend();}
		int j=cnt;
		while(j!=0&&compare(x,he[(j-1)>>1])>0){he[j]=he[(j-1)>>1];j=(j-1)>>1;}
		he[j]=x;
		cnt++;
	}
	public void Pop(){
		cnt--;
		T r=he[cnt];
		int j=0;
		while(true){
			if(j*2+1<cnt){
				if(compare(he[j*2+1],he[j*2+2])>0){j=j*2+1;}
				else{j=j*2+2;}
			}
			else if(j*2<cnt){j=j*2+1;}
			else{break;}
			if(compare(he[j],r)<=0){j=(j-1)>>1;break;}
			he[(j-1)>>1]=he[j];
		}
		he[j]=r;
	}
	private int Ao(T x,T y){return y.CompareTo(x);}
	private int Do(T x,T y){return x.CompareTo(y);}
	public T Top{get{return he[0];}}
	private void Extend(){
		T[] nhe=new T[max<<1];
		Array.Copy(he,nhe,max);
		he=nhe;
		max<<=1;
	}
}


public class Sc{
	public int I{get{return int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());}}
	public long L{get{return long.Parse(Console.ReadLine());}}
	public double D{get{return double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());}}
	public string S{get{return Console.ReadLine();}}
	public int[] Ia{get{return Array.ConvertAll(Console.ReadLine().Split(),int.Parse);}}
	public long[] La{get{return Array.ConvertAll(Console.ReadLine().Split(),long.Parse);}}
	public double[] Da{get{return Array.ConvertAll(Console.ReadLine().Split(),double.Parse);}}
	public string[] Sa{get{return Console.ReadLine().Split();}}
	public object[] Oa{get{return Console.ReadLine().Split();}}
	public int[] Ia2(int b){return Array.ConvertAll(("0 "+Console.ReadLine()+" 0").Split(),int.Parse);}
	public int[] Ia3(int a,int b){return Array.ConvertAll(((a!=0?b.ToString()+" ":"")+Console.ReadLine()).Split(),int.Parse);}
	public int[] Ia3(int a,int b,int c,int d){return Array.ConvertAll(((a!=0?b.ToString()+" ":"")+Console.ReadLine()+(c!=0?" "+d.ToString():"")).Split(),int.Parse);}
	public long[] La2(int b){return Array.ConvertAll(("0 "+Console.ReadLine()+" 0").Split(),long.Parse);}
	public long[] La3(int a,int b){return Array.ConvertAll(((a!=0?b.ToString()+" ":"")+Console.ReadLine()).Split(),long.Parse);}
	public long[] La3(int a,int b,int c,int d){return Array.ConvertAll(((a!=0?b.ToString()+" ":"")+Console.ReadLine()+(c!=0?" "+d.ToString():"")).Split(),long.Parse);}
	public T[] Arr<T>(int n,Func<T> f){var a=new T[n];for(int i=0;i<n;i++){a[i]=f();}return a;}
	public T[] Arr<T>(int n,Func<int,T> f){var a=new T[n];for(int i=0;i<n;i++){a[i]=f(i);}return a;}
	public T[] Arr<T>(int n,Func<string[],T> f){var a=new T[n];for(int i=0;i<n;i++){a[i]=f(Console.ReadLine().Split());}return a;}
	public T[] Arr<T>(int n,Func<int,string[],T> f){var a=new T[n];for(int i=0;i<n;i++){a[i]=f(i,Console.ReadLine().Split());}return a;}
}