Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Two foxes Jiro and Saburo are playing a game called 1D Reversi. This game is played on a board, using black and white stones. On the board, stones are placed in a row, and each player places a new stone to either end of the row. Similarly to the original game of Reversi, when a white stone is placed, all black stones between the new white stone and another white stone, turn into white stones, and vice versa.

In the middle of a game, something came up and Saburo has to leave the game. The state of the board at this point is described by a string S. There are |S| (the length of S) stones on the board, and each character in S represents the color of the i-th (1 ≦ i ≦ |S|) stone from the left. If the i-th character in S is B, it means that the color of the corresponding stone on the board is black. Similarly, if the i-th character in S is W, it means that the color of the corresponding stone is white.

Jiro wants all stones on the board to be of the same color. For this purpose, he will place new stones on the board according to the rules. Find the minimum number of new stones that he needs to place.

Constraints

1 ≦ |S| ≦ 10^5

Each character in S is B or W.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

S

Output

Print the minimum number of new stones that Jiro needs to place for his purpose.

Sample Input 1

BBBWW

Sample Output 1

1

By placing a new black stone to the right end of the row of stones, all white stones will become black. Also, by placing a new white stone to the left end of the row of stones, all black stones will become white.

In either way, Jiro's purpose can be achieved by placing one stone.

Sample Input 2

WWWWWW

Sample Output 2

0

If all stones are already of the same color, no new stone is necessary.

Sample Input 3

WBWBWBWBWB

Sample Output 3

9

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace AtCoder {
    class MainClass {
        //C#7.0/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        string S;
        void Solve() {
            io.i(out S);

            int ans = 0;

            FOR(1, S.Length, i => { if (S[i] != S[i - 1]) ans++; });

            io.o(ans);

        }
        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
        public static void Main(string[] args) { new MainClass().Stream(); }
        IO io = new IO();
        void Stream() { Solve(); io.writeFlush(); }
        //void Stream() { Test(); io.writeFlush(); }
        void Test() { }
        #region MockMacro
        //Hack Update
        void FOR(int a, int b, Action<int> act) { for (int i = a; i < b; i++) act(i); }
        void FOR(int a, int b, Action<int> act, Func<int, bool> con) { for (int i = a; i < b && con(i); i++) act(i); }
        void RFOR(int a, int b, Action<int> act) { for (int i = a; i >= b; i--) act(i); }
        void RFOR(int a, int b, Action<int> act, Func<int, bool> con) { for (int i = a; i >= b && con(i); i--) act(i); }
        void REP(int n, Action<int> act, Func<int, bool> con) { for (int i = 0; i < n && con(i); i++) act(i); }
        void REP(int n, Action<int> act) { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) act(i); }
        void RREP(int n, Action<int> act) { for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) act(i); }
        void RREP(int n, Action<int> act, Func<int, bool> con) { for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0 && con(i); i--) act(i); }
        #endregion
    }
    #region default
    class IO {
        string[] nextBuffer; int BufferCnt; char[] cs = new char[] { ' ' };
        StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false };
        public IO() { nextBuffer = new string[0]; BufferCnt = 0; Console.SetOut(sw); }
        public string next() {
            if (BufferCnt < nextBuffer.Length) return nextBuffer[BufferCnt++];
            string st = Console.ReadLine();
            while (st == "") st = Console.ReadLine();
            nextBuffer = st.Split(cs, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            BufferCnt = 0;
            return nextBuffer[BufferCnt++];
        }
        public char nextChar() { return char.Parse(next()); }
        public int nextInt() { return int.Parse(next()); }
        public long nextLong() { return long.Parse(next()); }
        public double nextDouble() { return double.Parse(next()); }
        public string[] arr() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' '); }
        public char[] arrayChar() { return Array.ConvertAll(arr(), char.Parse); }
        public int[] arrayInt() { return Array.ConvertAll(arr(), int.Parse); }
        public long[] arrayLong() { return Array.ConvertAll(arr(), long.Parse); }
        public double[] arrayDouble() { return Array.ConvertAll(arr(), double.Parse); }
        private bool typeEQ<T, U>() { return typeof(T).Equals(typeof(U)); }
        private T convertType<T, U>(U v) { return (T)Convert.ChangeType(v, typeof(T)); }
        private T suitType<T>(string s) {
            if (typeEQ<T, int>()) return convertType<T, int>(int.Parse(s));
            if (typeEQ<T, long>()) return convertType<T, long>(long.Parse(s));
            if (typeEQ<T, double>()) return convertType<T, double>(double.Parse(s));
            if (typeEQ<T, char>()) return convertType<T, char>(char.Parse(s));
            return convertType<T, string>(s);
        }
        public void i<T>(out T v) { v = suitType<T>(next()); }
        public void i<T, U>(out T v1, out U v2) { i(out v1); i(out v2); }
        public void i<T, U, V>(out T v1, out U v2, out V v3) {
            i(out v1); i(out v2); i(out v3);
        }
        public void i<T, U, V, W>(out T v1, out U v2, out V v3, out W v4) {
            i(out v1); i(out v2); i(out v3); i(out v4);
        }
        public void i<T, U, V, W, X>(out T v1, out U v2, out V v3, out W v4, out X v5) {
            i(out v1); i(out v2); i(out v3); i(out v4); i(out v5);
        }
        public void ini(out int[] a, int size) {
            a = new int[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) a[i] = nextInt();
        }
        public void ini(out long[] a, int size) {
            a = new long[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) a[i] = nextLong();
        }
        public void ini(out int[] a1, out int[] a2, int size) {
            a1 = new int[size]; a2 = new int[size];
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { a1[i] = nextInt(); a2[i] = nextInt(); }
        }
        public void ini(out long[] a1, out long[] a2, int size) {
            a1 = new long[size]; a2 = new long[size];
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { a1[i] = nextLong(); a2[i] = nextLong(); }
        }
        public void ini(out int[,] g, int h, int w) {
            g = new int[h, w]; for (int i = 0; i < h; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < w; j++) g[i, j] = nextInt();
        }
        public void ini(out string[] a, int size) {
            a = new string[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) a[i] = next();
        }
        public void inii(out int[] a, int size) {
            a = new int[size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) a[i] = nextInt() - 1;
        }
        public void inii(out int[] a1, out int[] a2, int size) {
            a1 = new int[size]; a2 = new int[size];
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { a1[i] = nextInt() - 1; a2[i] = nextInt() - 1; }
        }
        public void inii(out int[,] a, int size) {
            a = new int[size, size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) a[i, j] = nextInt() - 1;
        }
        public void o<T>(T v) { Console.WriteLine(v); }
        public void ol<T>(T v) { Console.Write(v + " "); }
        public void o<T>(params T[] a) { foreach (T v in a) o(v); }
        public void o<T>(List<T> l) { o(l.ToArray()); }
        public void ol<T>(params T[] a) { foreach (T v in a) { ol(v); } br(); }
        public void ol<T>(List<T> l) { ol(l.ToArray()); }
        public void YN(bool f) { o(f ? "YES" : "NO"); }
        public void Yn(bool f) { o(f ? "Yes" : "No"); }
        public void yn(bool f) { o(f ? "yes" : "no"); }
        public void br() { o(""); }
        public void writeFlush() { Console.Out.Flush(); }
    }
    #endregion
    #region other
    class Mat {
        public int mod = 1000000007;//10^9+7
        public long Pow(long a, long b) {
            if (b == 0) return 1;
            if (b % 2 == 1) return (a % mod * Pow(a % mod, b - 1) % mod) % mod;
            else return Pow(a * a % mod, b / 2) % mod;
        }
        public long Fact(long n) {
            return (n != 0) ? (n % mod * (Fact(n - 1) % mod) % mod) : 1;
        }
        public long C(long n, long r) {
            if (r == 0 || n == r) return 1;
            else return (Fact(n) % mod * Pow((Fact(n - r) % mod * Fact(r) % mod) % mod, mod - 2) % mod) % mod;
        }
        public long Sum(params long[] a) {
            return a.Aggregate((v, next) => (v % mod + next) % mod);
        }
        public int GCD(int a, int b) {
            if (a < b) Swap(ref a, ref b); return b == 0 ? a : GCD(b, a % b);
        }
        public int GCD(int[] array) { return array.Aggregate((v, next) => GCD(v, next)); }
        public bool isPrime(long n) {
            if (n == 2) return true; if (n < 2 || n % 2 == 0) return false;
            for (long v = 3; v <= (long)Math.Sqrt(n); v += 2) if (n % v == 0) return false;
            return true;
        }
        public void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) { T tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
        public T Max<T>(params T[] v) { return v.Max(); }
        public T Min<T>(params T[] v) { return v.Min(); }
        public double Dis(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) { return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow((x2 - x1), 2) + Math.Pow((y2 - y1), 2)); }
        public int mDis(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) { return Math.Abs(x1 - x2) + Math.Abs(y1 - y2); }
        public int Digit(long n) { return (n == 0) ? 1 : (int)Math.Log10(n) + 1; }
        //test
        public int DigitValue(int n, int dig) { return (n % (int)Pow(10, dig)) / (int)Pow(10, dig - 1); }
        /*
        public int[] DigVal(int n) {//桁の順番...
            int[] ret = new int[Digit(n)];
            return ret;
        }
        */
        //
        public int Clamp(int n, int a, int b) { return (n < a) ? a : (b < n) ? b : n; }
        public long Clamp(long n, long a, long b) { return (n < a) ? a : (b < n) ? b : n; }
        public double Clamp(double n, double a, double b) { return (n < a) ? a : (b < n) ? b : n; }
        public long Tousa(long a, long d, int n) { return a + (n - 1) * d; }
        public long TousaSum(long a, long d, int n) { return n * (2 * a + (n - 1) * d) / 2; }
    }
    class AssociativeArray<T> {
        public Dictionary<T, int> dic;
        public AssociativeArray() { dic = new Dictionary<T, int>(); }
        public AssociativeArray(params T[] a) { dic = new Dictionary<T, int>(); Add(a); }
        public void Add(params T[] a) {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) {
                if (!dic.ContainsKey(a[i])) dic[a[i]] = 0; dic[a[i]]++;
            }
        }
        public T[] Keys() { return dic.Keys.ToArray<T>(); }
        public int Val(T k) { return (dic.ContainsKey(k)) ? dic[k] : 0; }
        public int ValueSum() { return dic.Values.Sum(); }
        public int KeyNum() { return dic.Keys.Count; }
        public int MaxVal() { return dic.Values.Max(); }
        public int MinVal() { return dic.Values.Min(); }
        public T MaxKey() { return dic.First(d => d.Value == MaxVal()).Key; }
        public T MinKey() { return dic.First(d => d.Value == MinVal()).Key; }
        public bool isContainsK(T k) { return dic.ContainsKey(k); }
        public bool anyContainsK(params T[] k) { return k.Any(key => isContainsK(key)); }
        public bool allContainsK(params T[] k) { return k.All(key => isContainsK(key)); }
        public void Show() { foreach (var v in dic) { Console.WriteLine(v.Key + " : " + v.Value); } }
        //:sort->array
    }
    class WarshallFloyd {
        int INF;
        public WarshallFloyd() { INF = (int)(1e8); }
        public WarshallFloyd(int INF) { this.INF = INF; }
        public int[,] Run(int[,] m) {
            int edgeLength = m.GetLength(0);
            for (int i = 0; i < edgeLength; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < edgeLength; j++)
                    for (int k = 0; k < edgeLength; k++)
                        m[j, k] = Math.Min(m[j, k], m[j, i] + m[i, k]);
            return m;
        }
        public int[,] Init(int n) {
            int[,] m = new int[n, n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
                    m[i, j] = INF;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                m[i, i] = 0;
            return m;
        }
    }
    class Time {
        public bool isLeapYear(int y) { return (y % 400 == 0 || (y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0)); }
    }
    class BucketSort {
        public int[] bucket;
        public void Init(int[] a) {
            bucket = new int[a.Max() + 1];
            for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; ++i) ++bucket[a[i]];
            for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < bucket.Length; ++j)
                for (int k = bucket[j]; k != 0; --k, ++i) a[i] = j;

        }
    }
    #endregion
    #region Ex
    static class StringEX {//文字
        public static string Reversed(this string s) { return string.Join("", s.Reverse()); }
        public static string Repeat(this string s, int n) { return string.Concat(Enumerable.Repeat(s, n).ToArray()); }
        public static int toInt(this string s) { int n; return (int.TryParse(s.TrimStart('0'), out n)) ? n : 0; }
        public static int toInt(this char c) { return toInt(c.ToString()); }
        public static int toInt(this char[] c) { return toInt(new string(c)); }
    }
    static class NumericEx {//数値
        public static string pad0<T>(this T v, int n) { return v.ToString().PadLeft(n, '0'); }
    }
    static class ArrayEX {
        public static T[] Sort<T>(this T[] a) { Array.Sort(a); return a; }
        public static void Set<T>(this T[] a, T v) {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; i++) { a[i] = v; }
        }
        public static void Set<T>(this T[,] a, T v) {
            for (int i = 0; i < a.GetLength(0); i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < a.GetLength(1); j++)
                    a[i, j] = v;
        }
    }
    #endregion
}