Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cities numbered 1 through N, and M bidirectional roads numbered 1 through M.
Road i connects City A_i and City B_i.

Snuke can perform the following operation zero or more times:

Choose two distinct cities that are not directly connected by a road, and build a new road between the two cities.

After he finishes the operations, it must be possible to travel from any city to any other cities by following roads (possibly multiple times).

What is the minimum number of roads he must build to achieve the goal?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 100,000

1 \leq M \leq 100,000

1 \leq A_i < B_i \leq N

No two roads connect the same pair of cities.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
A_1 B_1
:
A_M B_M

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3 1
1 2

Sample Output 1

1

Initially, there are three cities, and there is a road between City 1 and City 2.

Snuke can achieve the goal by building one new road, for example, between City 1 and City 3.
After that,

We can travel between 1 and 2 directly.

We can travel between 1 and 3 directly.

We can travel between 2 and 3 by following both roads (2 - 1 - 3).

Solution in C# (.NET Core 3.1.201) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

class TEST{
	static void Main(){
		Sol mySol =new Sol();
		mySol.Solve();
	}
}

class Sol{
	public void Solve(){
		
		var UF = new UnionFind(N);
		for(int i=0;i<M;i++){
			UF.Unite(A[i], B[i]);
		}
		
		Console.WriteLine(UF.Compo - 1);
		
	}
	int N,M;
	int[] A,B;
	public Sol(){
		var d = ria();
		N = d[0]; M = d[1];
		A = new int[M];
		B = new int[M];
		for(int i=0;i<M;i++){
			d = ria();
			A[i] = d[0] - 1;
			B[i] = d[1] - 1;
		}
	}

	static String rs(){return Console.ReadLine();}
	static int ri(){return int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());}
	static long rl(){return long.Parse(Console.ReadLine());}
	static double rd(){return double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());}
	static String[] rsa(char sep=' '){return Console.ReadLine().Split(sep);}
	static int[] ria(char sep=' '){return Array.ConvertAll(Console.ReadLine().Split(sep),e=>int.Parse(e));}
	static long[] rla(char sep=' '){return Array.ConvertAll(Console.ReadLine().Split(sep),e=>long.Parse(e));}
	static double[] rda(char sep=' '){return Array.ConvertAll(Console.ReadLine().Split(sep),e=>double.Parse(e));}
}

class UnionFind{
	
	int[] parent;
	int[] mem;
	int compo;
	int N;
	public UnionFind(int n_){
		Initialize(n_);
	}
	
	public void Initialize(int n_){
		N=n_;
		parent=new int[N];
		mem=new int[N];
		for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
			parent[i]=i;
			mem[i]=1;
		}
		compo=N;
	}
	
	public int Parent(int a){
		if(parent[a]==a) return a;
		return parent[a] = Parent(parent[a]);
	}
	
	public bool IsUnited(int a,int b){
		return Parent(a) == Parent(b);
	}
	
	public void Unite(int a,int b){
		a = Parent(a); b = Parent(b);//Parent()を呼ぶことでa以上のノードは全てparentがrootになる
		if(a == b) return;
		if(mem[a] > mem[b]){var t = a; a = b; b = t;}
		parent[a] = b;
		mem[b] += mem[a];
		compo -= 1;
	}
	
	public bool IsRoot(int x){
		return x == parent[x];
	}
	public int MemCnt(int x){
		return mem[Parent(x)];
	}
	
	public void Dump(){
		for(int i=0;i<parent.Length;i++){
			Console.Write(i==0?"{0}":" {0}",parent[i]);
		}
		Console.WriteLine("");
	}
	
	public int Compo{
		get{
			return compo;
		}
	}
	
}