Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There is an integer sequence A of length N whose values are unknown.

Given is an integer sequence B of length N-1 which is known to satisfy the following:

B_i \geq \max(A_i, A_{i+1})

Find the maximum possible sum of the elements of A.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq B_i \leq 10^5

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
B_1 B_2 ... B_{N-1}

Output

Print the maximum possible sum of the elements of A.

Sample Input 1

3
2 5

Sample Output 1

9

A can be, for example, ( 2 , 1 , 5 ), ( -1 , -2 , -3 ), or ( 2 , 2 , 5 ). Among those candidates, A = ( 2 , 2 , 5 ) has the maximum possible sum.

Sample Input 2

2
3

Sample Output 2

6

Sample Input 3

6
0 153 10 10 23

Sample Output 3

53

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using static System.Console;

namespace AtCoder_1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var n = CinT();
            var b = CinTAr();
            int a = 0;
            int back = int.MaxValue;
            for(int i = 0;i < n - 1; i++)
            {
                if(i + 1 >= n - 1)
                {
                    a += b[i];
                }
                {
                    if (back < b[i])
                    {
                        a += back;
                        back = b[i];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        a += b[i];
                        back = b[i];
                    }
                }
            }
            Cout(a);
            Cin();
        }

        struct pair
        {
            public List<int> main;
            public int index;
            public int day;
            public pair(List<int> m, int _index = 0, int _day = 0)
            {
                main = m;
                index = _index;
                day = _day;
            }
        }
        static int loop(int num, int max)
        {
            if (num > max)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            else if (num < 0)
            {
                return max;
            }
            else
            {
                return num;
            }
        }
        static int GCD(int a, int b)
        {
            if (a < b) { swap(ref a, ref b); }
            if (a % b == 0) { return b; }
            else { return GCD(b, a % b); }
        }

        static void swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b)
        {
            T t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t;
        }

        static readonly int MOD10E9 = (1000000000 + 7);
        static bool isInt(double d) { return (int)d == d; }
        static string Cin() { return ReadLine(); }
        static string[] CinAr() { return ReadLine().Split(' '); }
        static int CinT() { return S2i(Cin()); }
        static int[] CinTAr() { return CinAr().Select((x, i) => { return S2i(x); }).ToArray(); }
        static long CinL() { return S2L(Cin()); }
        static long[] CinLAr() { return CinAr().Select((x, i) => { return S2L(x); }).ToArray(); }
        static double CinD() { return S2D(Cin()); }
        static double[] CinDAr() { return CinAr().Select((x, i) => { return S2D(x); }).ToArray(); }
        static int S2i(string s) { return int.Parse(s); }
        static long S2L(string s) { return long.Parse(s); }
        static double S2D(string s) { return double.Parse(s); }
        static void Cout(object s) { WriteLine(s); }
        static int[] yakusuu(int n)
        {
            if (n == 1) { return new int[] { 1 }; }
            HashSet<int> res = new HashSet<int>();
            for (int i = 1; i < Math.Ceiling(n / 2.0); i++)
            {
                if (n % i == 0)
                {
                    res.Add(i);
                    res.Add(n / i);
                }
            }
            return res.ToArray();
        }
        static void CoutAr<Type>(IEnumerable<Type> types)
        {
            string text = string.Join(" ", types);
            WriteLine(text);
        }

        public static long nCr(int n, int r)
        {
            // naive: return Factorial(n) / (Factorial(r) * Factorial(n - r));
            return nPr(n, r) / Factorial(r);
        }

        public static long nPr(int n, int r)
        {
            // naive: return Factorial(n) / Factorial(n - r);
            return FactorialDivision(n, n - r);
        }

        private static long FactorialDivision(int topFactorial, int divisorFactorial)
        {
            long result = 1;
            for (int i = topFactorial; i > divisorFactorial; i--)
                result *= i;
            return result;
        }

        private static long Factorial(int i)
        {
            if (i <= 1)
                return 1;
            return i * Factorial(i - 1);
        }
    }
}