Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

Takahashi is a user of a site that hosts programming contests.

When a user competes in a contest, the rating of the user (not necessarily an integer) changes according to the performance of the user, as follows:

Let the current rating of the user be a.

Suppose that the performance of the user in the contest is b.

Then, the new rating of the user will be the avarage of a and b.

For example, if a user with rating 1 competes in a contest and gives performance 1000, his/her new rating will be 500.5, the average of 1 and 1000.

Takahashi's current rating is R, and he wants his rating to be exactly G after the next contest.

Find the performance required to achieve it.

Constraints

0 \leq R, G \leq 4500

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

R
G

Output

Print the performance required to achieve the objective.

Sample Input 1

2002
2017

Sample Output 1

2032

Takahashi's current rating is 2002.

If his performance in the contest is 2032, his rating will be the average of 2002 and 2032, which is equal to the desired rating, 2017.

Sample Input 2

4500
0

Sample Output 2

-4500

Although the current and desired ratings are between 0 and 4500, the performance of a user can be below 0.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using static System.Math;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace Program
{
    public static class ABC076A
    {
        static public int numberOfRandomCases = 0;
        static public void MakeTestCase(List<string> _input, List<string> _output)
        {
        }
        static public void Solve()
        {
            var R = NN;
            var G = NN;
            Console.WriteLine(R + (G - R) * 2);
        }
        static public void Main(string[] args) { if (args.Length == 0) { var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false }; Console.SetOut(sw); } var t = new Thread(Solve, 134217728); t.Start(); t.Join(); Console.Out.Flush(); }
        static class Console_
        {
            static Queue<string> param = new Queue<string>();
            public static string NextString() { if (param.Count == 0) foreach (var item in Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')) param.Enqueue(item); return param.Dequeue(); }
        }
        static long NN => long.Parse(Console_.NextString());
        static double ND => double.Parse(Console_.NextString());
        static string NS => Console_.NextString();
        static long[] NNList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NN).ToArray();
        static double[] NDList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => ND).ToArray();
        static string[] NSList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NS).ToArray();
        static IEnumerable<T> OrderByRand<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x) => x.OrderBy(_ => xorshift);
        static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(T v, long n) => Enumerable.Repeat<T>(v, (int)n);
        static IEnumerable<int> Range(long s, long c) => Enumerable.Range((int)s, (int)c);
        static void RevSort<T>(T[] l) where T : IComparable { Array.Sort(l, (x, y) => y.CompareTo(x)); }
        static void RevSort<T>(T[] l, Comparison<T> comp) where T : IComparable { Array.Sort(l, (x, y) => comp(y, x)); }
        static IEnumerable<long> Primes(long x) { if (x < 2) yield break; yield return 2; var halfx = x / 2; var table = new bool[halfx + 1]; var max = (long)(Math.Sqrt(x) / 2); for (long i = 1; i <= max; ++i) { if (table[i]) continue; var add = 2 * i + 1; yield return add; for (long j = 2 * i * (i + 1); j <= halfx; j += add) table[j] = true; } for (long i = max + 1; i <= halfx; ++i) if (!table[i] && 2 * i + 1 <= x) yield return 2 * i + 1; }
        static IEnumerable<long> Factors(long x) { if (x < 2) yield break; while (x % 2 == 0) { x /= 2; yield return 2; } var max = (long)Math.Sqrt(x); for (long i = 3; i <= max; i += 2) while (x % i == 0) { x /= i; yield return i; } if (x != 1) yield return x; }
        static IEnumerable<long> Divisor(long x) { if (x < 1) yield break; var max = (long)Math.Sqrt(x); for (long i = 1; i <= max; ++i) { if (x % i != 0) continue; yield return i; if (i != x / i) yield return x / i; } }
        static uint xorshift { get { _xsi.MoveNext(); return _xsi.Current; } }
        static IEnumerator<uint> _xsi = _xsc();
        static IEnumerator<uint> _xsc() { uint x = 123456789, y = 362436069, z = 521288629, w = (uint)(DateTime.Now.Ticks & 0xffffffff); while (true) { var t = x ^ (x << 11); x = y; y = z; z = w; w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)); yield return w; } }
        static long GCD(long a, long b) { while (b > 0) { var tmp = b; b = a % b; a = tmp; } return a; }
        static long LCM(long a, long b) => a * b / GCD(a, b);
        static Mat<T> Pow<T>(Mat<T> x, long y) => Mat<T>.Pow(x, y);
        static Mod Pow(Mod x, long y) { Mod a = 1; while (y != 0) { if ((y & 1) == 1) a.Mul(x); x.Mul(x); y >>= 1; } return a; }
        static long Pow(long x, long y) { long a = 1; while (y != 0) { if ((y & 1) == 1) a *= x; x *= x; y >>= 1; } return a; }
        static List<long> _fact = new List<long>() { 1 };
        static void _B(long n) { if (n >= _fact.Count) for (int i = _fact.Count; i <= n; ++i) _fact.Add(_fact[i - 1] * i); }
        static long Comb(long n, long k) { _B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)] / _fact[(int)k]; }
        static long Perm(long n, long k) { _B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)]; }
        static Func<TR> Lambda<TR>(Func<Func<TR>, TR> f) { Func<TR> t = () => default(TR); return t = () => f(t); }
        static Func<T1, TR> Lambda<T1, TR>(Func<T1, Func<T1, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, TR> t = x1 => default(TR); return t = x1 => f(x1, t); }
        static Func<T1, T2, TR> Lambda<T1, T2, TR>(Func<T1, T2, Func<T1, T2, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, T2, TR> t = (x1, x2) => default(TR); return t = (x1, x2) => f(x1, x2, t); }
        static Func<T1, T2, T3, TR> Lambda<T1, T2, T3, TR>(Func<T1, T2, T3, Func<T1, T2, T3, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, T2, T3, TR> t = (x1, x2, x3) => default(TR); return t = (x1, x2, x3) => f(x1, x2, x3, t); }
        static Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR> Lambda<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR>(Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR> t = (x1, x2, x3, x4) => default(TR); return t = (x1, x2, x3, x4) => f(x1, x2, x3, x4, t); }
        static List<T> LCS<T>(T[] s, T[] t) where T : IEquatable<T> { int sl = s.Length, tl = t.Length; var dp = new int[sl + 1, tl + 1]; for (var i = 0; i < sl; i++) for (var j = 0; j < tl; j++) dp[i + 1, j + 1] = s[i].Equals(t[j]) ? dp[i, j] + 1 : Max(dp[i + 1, j], dp[i, j + 1]); { var r = new List<T>(); int i = sl, j = tl; while (i > 0 && j > 0) if (s[--i].Equals(t[--j])) r.Add(s[i]); else if (dp[i, j + 1] > dp[i + 1, j]) ++j; else ++i; r.Reverse(); return r; } }
        static long LIS<T>(T[] array, bool strict) { var l = new List<T>(); foreach (var e in array) { var i = l.BinarySearch(e); if (i < 0) i = ~i; else if (!strict) ++i; if (i == l.Count) l.Add(e); else l[i] = e; } return l.Count; }
        class PQ<T> where T : IComparable
        {
            List<T> h; Comparison<T> c; public T Peek => h[0]; public int Count => h.Count;
            public PQ(int cap, Comparison<T> c, bool asc = true) { h = new List<T>(cap); this.c = asc ? c : (x, y) => c(y, x); }
            public PQ(Comparison<T> c, bool asc = true) { h = new List<T>(); this.c = asc ? c : (x, y) => c(y, x); }
            public PQ(int cap, bool asc = true) : this(cap, (x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            public PQ(bool asc = true) : this((x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            public void Push(T v) { var i = h.Count; h.Add(v); while (i > 0) { var ni = (i - 1) / 2; if (c(v, h[ni]) >= 0) break; h[i] = h[ni]; i = ni; } h[i] = v; }
            public T Pop() { var r = h[0]; var v = h[h.Count - 1]; h.RemoveAt(h.Count - 1); if (h.Count == 0) return r; var i = 0; while (i * 2 + 1 < h.Count) { var i1 = i * 2 + 1; var i2 = i * 2 + 2; if (i2 < h.Count && c(h[i1], h[i2]) > 0) i1 = i2; if (c(v, h[i1]) <= 0) break; h[i] = h[i1]; i = i1; } h[i] = v; return r; }
        }
        class PQ<TK, TV> where TK : IComparable
        {
            PQ<Tuple<TK, TV>> q; public Tuple<TK, TV> Peek => q.Peek; public int Count => q.Count;
            public PQ(int cap, Comparison<TK> c, bool asc = true) { q = new PQ<Tuple<TK, TV>>(cap, (x, y) => c(x.Item1, y.Item1), asc); }
            public PQ(Comparison<TK> c, bool asc = true) { q = new PQ<Tuple<TK, TV>>((x, y) => c(x.Item1, y.Item1), asc); }
            public PQ(int cap, bool asc = true) : this(cap, (x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            public PQ(bool asc = true) : this((x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            public void Push(TK k, TV v) => q.Push(Tuple.Create(k, v));
            public Tuple<TK, TV> Pop() => q.Pop();
        }
        public class UF
        {
            long[] d;
            public UF(long s) { d = Repeat(-1L, s).ToArray(); }
            public bool Unite(long x, long y) { x = Root(x); y = Root(y); if (x != y) { if (d[y] < d[x]) { var t = y; y = x; x = t; } d[x] += d[y]; d[y] = x; } return x != y; }
            public bool IsSame(long x, long y) => Root(x) == Root(y);
            public long Root(long x) => d[x] < 0 ? x : d[x] = Root(d[x]);
            public long Count(long x) => -d[Root(d[x])];
        }
        struct Mod : IEquatable<Mod>, IEquatable<long>
        {
            static public long _mod = 1000000007; long v;
            public Mod(long x) { if (x < _mod && x >= 0) v = x; else if ((v = x % _mod) < 0) v += _mod; }
            static public implicit operator Mod(long x) => new Mod(x);
            static public implicit operator long(Mod x) => x.v;
            public void Add(Mod x) { if ((v += x.v) >= _mod) v -= _mod; }
            public void Sub(Mod x) { if ((v -= x.v) < 0) v += _mod; }
            public void Mul(Mod x) => v = (v * x.v) % _mod;
            public void Div(Mod x) => v = (v * Inverse(x.v)) % _mod;
            static public Mod operator +(Mod x, Mod y) { var t = x.v + y.v; return t >= _mod ? new Mod { v = t - _mod } : new Mod { v = t }; }
            static public Mod operator -(Mod x, Mod y) { var t = x.v - y.v; return t < 0 ? new Mod { v = t + _mod } : new Mod { v = t }; }
            static public Mod operator *(Mod x, Mod y) => x.v * y.v;
            static public Mod operator /(Mod x, Mod y) => x.v * Inverse(y.v);
            static public bool operator ==(Mod x, Mod y) => x.v == y.v;
            static public bool operator !=(Mod x, Mod y) => x.v != y.v;
            static public long Inverse(long x) { long b = _mod, r = 1, u = 0, t = 0; while (b > 0) { var q = x / b; t = u; u = r - q * u; r = t; t = b; b = x - q * b; x = t; } return r < 0 ? r + _mod : r; }
            public bool Equals(Mod x) => v == x.v;
            public bool Equals(long x) => v == x;
            public override bool Equals(object x) => x == null ? false : Equals((Mod)x);
            public override int GetHashCode() => v.GetHashCode();
            public override string ToString() => v.ToString();
            static List<Mod> _fact = new List<Mod>() { 1 };
            static void B(long n) { if (n >= _fact.Count) for (int i = _fact.Count; i <= n; ++i) _fact.Add(_fact[i - 1] * i); }
            static public Mod Comb(long n, long k) { B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)] / _fact[(int)k]; }
            static public Mod Perm(long n, long k) { B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)]; }
        }
        struct Mat<T>
        {
            T[,] m;
            public Mat(T[,] v) { m = (T[,])v.Clone(); }
            static public implicit operator Mat<T>(T[,] v) => new Mat<T>(v);
            public T this[int r, int c] { get { return m[r, c]; } set { m[r, c] = value; } }
            static public Mat<T> operator +(Mat<T> a, T x) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] += (dynamic)x; return tm; }
            static public Mat<T> operator +(Mat<T> a, Mat<T> b) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] += (dynamic)b[r, c]; return tm; }
            static public Mat<T> operator -(Mat<T> a, T x) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] -= (dynamic)x; return tm; }
            static public Mat<T> operator -(Mat<T> a, Mat<T> b) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] -= (dynamic)b[r, c]; return tm; }
            static public Mat<T> operator *(Mat<T> a, T x) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] *= (dynamic)x; return tm; }
            static public Mat<T> operator *(Mat<T> a, Mat<T> b) { var nr = a.m.GetLength(0); var nc = b.m.GetLength(1); var tm = new T[nr, nc]; for (int i = 0; i < nr; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < nc; ++j) tm[i, j] = (dynamic)0; for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) for (int i = 0; i < a.m.GetLength(1); ++i) tm[r, c] += a[r, i] * (dynamic)b[i, c]; return tm; }
            static public Mat<T> Pow(Mat<T> x, long y) { var n = x.m.GetLength(0); var t = (Mat<T>)new T[n, n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) t[i, j] = (dynamic)(i == j ? 1 : 0); while (y != 0) { if ((y & 1) == 1) t *= x; x *= x; y >>= 1; } return t; }
        }
        class Tree
        {
            long N; int l; List<long>[] p; int[] d; long[][] pr; long r; Tuple<long, long, int>[] e; Tuple<long, long>[] b; bool lca; bool euler; bool bfs;
            public Tree(List<long>[] p_, long r_) { N = p_.Length; p = p_; r = r_; lca = false; euler = false; }
            public Tuple<long, long>[] BFSRoot() { if (!bfs) { var nb = new List<Tuple<long, long>>(); var q = new Queue<long>(); var d = new bool[N]; nb.Add(Tuple.Create(r, -1L)); d[r] = true; q.Enqueue(r); while (q.Count > 0) { var w = q.Dequeue(); foreach (var i in p[w]) { if (d[i]) continue; d[i] = true; q.Enqueue(i); nb.Add(Tuple.Create(i, w)); } } b = nb.ToArray(); bfs = true; } return b; }
            public Tuple<long, long>[] BFSLeaf() => BFSRoot().Reverse().ToArray();
            public Tuple<long, long, int>[] Euler() { if (!euler) { var ne = new List<Tuple<long, long, int>>(); var s = new Stack<Tuple<long, long>>(); var d = new bool[N]; d[r] = true; s.Push(Tuple.Create(r, -1L)); while (s.Count > 0) { var w = s.Peek(); var ad = true; foreach (var i in p[w.Item1]) { if (d[i]) continue; d[i] = true; ad = false; s.Push(Tuple.Create(i, w.Item1)); } if (!ad || p[w.Item1].Count == 1) ne.Add(Tuple.Create(w.Item1, w.Item2, 1)); if (ad) { s.Pop(); ne.Add(Tuple.Create(w.Item1, w.Item2, -1)); } } e = ne.ToArray(); euler = true; } return e; }
            public long LCA(long u, long v) { if (!lca) { l = 0; while (N > (1 << l)) l++; d = new int[N]; pr = Repeat(0, l).Select(_ => new long[N]).ToArray(); d[r] = 0; pr[0][r] = -1; var q = new Stack<long>(); q.Push(r); while (q.Count > 0) { var w = q.Pop(); foreach (var i in p[w]) { if (i == pr[0][w]) continue; q.Push(i); d[i] = d[w] + 1; pr[0][i] = w; } } for (var k = 0; k + 1 < l; k++) for (var w = 0; w < N; w++) if (pr[k][w] < 0) pr[k + 1][w] = -1; else pr[k + 1][w] = pr[k][pr[k][w]]; lca = true; } if (d[u] > d[v]) { var t = u; u = v; v = t; } for (var k = 0; k < l; k++) if ((((d[v] - d[u]) >> k) & 1) != 0) v = pr[k][v]; if (u == v) return u; for (var k = l - 1; k >= 0; k--) if (pr[k][u] != pr[k][v]) { u = pr[k][u]; v = pr[k][v]; } return pr[0][u]; }
        }
        class Graph
        {
            int n; List<Tuple<int, int, long>> pathList; Dictionary<int, long>[] vtxPath; long INF = (long.MaxValue >> 1) - 1;
            public Graph(long _n)
            {
                n = (int)_n;
                pathList = new List<Tuple<int, int, long>>();
                vtxPath = Repeat(0, n).Select(_ => new Dictionary<int, long>()).ToArray();
            }
            public void AddPath(long a, long b, long c)
            {
                pathList.Add(Tuple.Create((int)a, (int)b, c));
                vtxPath[a][(int)b] = vtxPath[a].ContainsKey((int)b) ? Min(vtxPath[a][(int)b], c) : c;
            }
            public long[,] WarshallFloyd()
            {
                var ret = new long[n, n];
                for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
                    for (var j = 0; j < n; j++)
                        ret[i, j] = vtxPath[i].ContainsKey(j) ? vtxPath[i][j] : INF;
                for (var k = 0; k < n; k++)
                    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
                        for (var j = 0; j < n; j++)
                            ret[i, j] = Min(ret[i, j], ret[i, k] + ret[k, j]);
                return ret;
            }
            public Tuple<long[], int?[], bool[]> BellmanFord(long s)
            {
                var dist = Repeat(INF, n).ToArray();
                var pred = new int?[n];
                var neg = new bool[n];
                dist[s] = 0;
                for (var i = 1; i < n; i++)
                    foreach (var path in pathList)
                        if (dist[path.Item2] > (dist[path.Item1] == INF ? INF : dist[path.Item1] + path.Item3))
                        {
                            dist[path.Item2] = dist[path.Item1] + path.Item3;
                            pred[path.Item2] = path.Item1;
                        }
                for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
                    foreach (var path in pathList)
                        if (dist[path.Item2] > (dist[path.Item1] == INF ? INF : dist[path.Item1] + path.Item3) || neg[path.Item1])
                        {
                            dist[path.Item2] = dist[path.Item1] + path.Item3;
                            neg[path.Item2] = true;
                        }
                return Tuple.Create(dist, pred, neg);
            }
            public Tuple<long[], int?[]> Dijkstra(long s)
            {
                var dist = Repeat(long.MaxValue >> 2, n).ToArray();
                var pred = new int?[n];
                dist[s] = 0;
                var q = new PQ<long, int>();
                q.Push(0, (int)s);
                while (q.Count > 0)
                {
                    var u = q.Pop().Item2;
                    foreach (var path in vtxPath[u])
                    {
                        var v = path.Key;
                        var alt = dist[u] + path.Value;
                        if (dist[v] > alt)
                        {
                            dist[v] = alt;
                            pred[v] = u;
                            q.Push(alt, v);
                        }
                    }
                }
                return Tuple.Create(dist, pred);
            }
        }
        class BT<T> where T : IComparable
        {
            class Node { public Node l; public Node r; public T v; public bool b; public int c; }
            Comparison<T> c; Node r; bool ch; T lm;
            public BT(Comparison<T> _c) { c = _c; }
            public BT() : this((x, y) => x.CompareTo(y)) { }
            bool R(Node n) => n != null && !n.b;
            bool B(Node n) => n != null && n.b;
            Node RtL(Node n) { Node m = n.r, t = m.l; m.l = n; n.r = t; n.c -= m.c - (t?.c ?? 0); m.c += n.c - (t?.c ?? 0); return m; }
            Node RtR(Node n) { Node m = n.l, t = m.r; m.r = n; n.l = t; n.c -= m.c - (t?.c ?? 0); m.c += n.c - (t?.c ?? 0); return m; }
            Node RtLR(Node n) { n.l = RtL(n.l); return RtR(n); }
            Node RtRL(Node n) { n.r = RtR(n.r); return RtL(n); }
            public void Add(T x) { r = A(r, x); r.b = true; }
            Node A(Node n, T x) { if (n == null) { ch = true; return new Node() { v = x, c = 1 }; } if (c(x, n.v) < 0) n.l = A(n.l, x); else n.r = A(n.r, x); n.c++; return Bl(n); }
            Node Bl(Node n) { if (!ch) return n; if (!B(n)) return n; if (R(n.l) && R(n.l.l)) { n = RtR(n); n.l.b = true; } else if (R(n.l) && R(n.l.r)) { n = RtLR(n); n.l.b = true; } else if (R(n.r) && R(n.r.l)) { n = RtRL(n); n.r.b = true; } else if (R(n.r) && R(n.r.r)) { n = RtL(n); n.r.b = true; } else ch = false; return n; }
            public void Remove(T x) { r = Rm(r, x); if (r != null) r.b = true; }
            Node Rm(Node n, T x) { if (n == null) { ch = false; return n; } n.c--; var r = c(x, n.v); if (r < 0) { n.l = Rm(n.l, x); return BlL(n); } if (r > 0) { n.r = Rm(n.r, x); return BlR(n); } if (n.l == null) { ch = n.b; return n.r; } n.l = RmM(n.l); n.v = lm; return BlL(n); }
            Node RmM(Node n) { n.c--; if (n.r != null) { n.r = RmM(n.r); return BlR(n); } lm = n.v; ch = n.b; return n.l; }
            Node BlL(Node n) { if (!ch) return n; if (B(n.r) && R(n.r.l)) { var b = n.b; n = RtRL(n); n.b = b; n.l.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.r) && R(n.r.r)) { var b = n.b; n = RtL(n); n.b = b; n.r.b = true; n.l.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.r)) { ch = n.b; n.b = true; n.r.b = false; } else { n = RtL(n); n.b = true; n.l.b = false; n.l = BlL(n.l); ch = false; } return n; }
            Node BlR(Node n) { if (!ch) return n; if (B(n.l) && R(n.l.r)) { var b = n.b; n = RtLR(n); n.b = b; n.r.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.l) && R(n.l.l)) { var b = n.b; n = RtR(n); n.b = b; n.l.b = true; n.r.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.l)) { ch = n.b; n.b = true; n.l.b = false; } else { n = RtR(n); n.b = true; n.r.b = false; n.r = BlR(n.r); ch = false; } return n; }
            public T this[long i] { get { return At(r, i); } }
            T At(Node n, long i) { if (n == null) return default(T); if (n.l == null) if (i == 0) return n.v; else return At(n.r, i - 1); if (n.l.c == i) return n.v; if (n.l.c > i) return At(n.l, i); return At(n.r, i - n.l.c - 1); }
            public bool Have(T x) { var t = FindUpper(x); return t.Item1 && t.Item2.CompareTo(x) == 0; }
            public Tuple<bool, T> FindUpper(T x, bool findSame = true) { var v = FU(r, x, findSame); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(false, default(T)) : v; }
            Tuple<bool, T> FU(Node n, T x, bool s) { if (n == null) return null; var r = c(x, n.v); if (r < 0) { var v = FU(n.l, x, s); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(true, n.v) : v; } if (r > 0 || !s && r == 0) return FU(n.r, x, s); return Tuple.Create(true, n.v); }
            public Tuple<bool, T> FindLower(T x, bool findSame = true) { var v = FL(r, x, findSame); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(false, default(T)) : v; }
            Tuple<bool, T> FL(Node n, T x, bool s) { if (n == null) return null; var r = c(x, n.v); if (r < 0 || !s && r == 0) return FL(n.l, x, s); if (r > 0) { var v = FL(n.r, x, s); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(true, n.v) : v; } return Tuple.Create(true, n.v); }
            public T Min() { Node n = r, p = null; while (n != null) { p = n; n = n.l; } return p == null ? default(T) : p.v; }
            public T Max() { Node n = r, p = null; while (n != null) { p = n; n = n.r; } return p == null ? default(T) : p.v; }
            public bool Any() => r != null;
            public int Count() => r?.c ?? 0;
            public IEnumerable<T> List() => L(r);
            IEnumerable<T> L(Node n) { if (n == null) yield break; foreach (var i in L(n.l)) yield return i; yield return n.v; foreach (var i in L(n.r)) yield return i; }
        }
        class Dict<K, V> : Dictionary<K, V>
        {
            Func<K, V> d;
            public Dict(Func<K, V> _d) { d = _d; }
            public Dict() : this(_ => default(V)) { }
            new public V this[K i] { get { V v; return TryGetValue(i, out v) ? v : base[i] = d(i); } set { base[i] = value; } }
        }
        class Deque<T>
        {
            T[] b; int o, c;
            public int Count;
            public T this[int i] { get { return b[gi(i)]; } set { b[gi(i)] = value; } }
            public Deque(int cap = 16) { b = new T[c = cap]; }
            int gi(int i) { if (i >= c) throw new Exception(); var r = o + i; return r >= c ? r - c : r; }
            public void PushFront(T x) { if (Count == c) e(); if (--o < 0) o += b.Length; b[o] = x; ++Count; }
            public T PopFront() { if (Count-- == 0) throw new Exception(); var r = b[o++]; if (o >= c) o -= c; return r; }
            public T Front => b[o];
            public void PushBack(T x) { if (Count == c) e(); var i = o + Count++; b[i >= c ? i - c : i] = x; }
            public T PopBack() { if (Count == 0) throw new Exception(); return b[gi(--Count)]; }
            public T Back => b[gi(Count - 1)];
            void e() { T[] nb = new T[c << 1]; if (o > c - Count) { var l = b.Length - o; Array.Copy(b, o, nb, 0, l); Array.Copy(b, 0, nb, l, Count - l); } else Array.Copy(b, o, nb, 0, Count); b = nb; o = 0; c <<= 1; }
            public void Insert(int i, T x) { if (i > Count) throw new Exception(); this.PushFront(x); for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) this[j] = this[j + 1]; this[i] = x; }
            public T RemoveAt(int i) { if (i < 0 || i >= Count) throw new Exception(); var r = this[i]; for (int j = i; j > 0; j--) this[j] = this[j - 1]; this.PopFront(); return r; }
        }
        class SegTree<T>
        {
            int n; T ti; Func<T, T, T> f; T[] dat;
            public SegTree(long _n, T _ti, Func<T, T, T> _f) { n = 1; while (n < _n) n <<= 1; ti = _ti; f = _f; dat = Repeat(ti, n << 1).ToArray(); }
            public SegTree(List<T> l, T _ti, Func<T, T, T> _f) : this(l.Count, _ti, _f) { for (var i = 0; i < l.Count; i++) dat[n + i] = l[i]; for (var i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) dat[i] = f(dat[(i << 1) | 0], dat[(i << 1) | 1]); }
            public void Update(long i, T v) { dat[i += n] = v; while ((i >>= 1) > 0) dat[i] = f(dat[(i << 1) | 0], dat[(i << 1) | 1]); }
            public T Query(long l, long r) { var vl = ti; var vr = ti; for (long li = n + l, ri = n + r; li < ri; li >>= 1, ri >>= 1) { if ((li & 1) == 1) vl = f(vl, dat[li++]); if ((ri & 1) == 1) vr = f(dat[--ri], vr); } return f(vl, vr); }
            public T this[long idx] { get { return dat[idx + n]; } set { Update(idx, value); } }
        }
        class LazySegTree<T, E> where T : IEquatable<T> where E : IEquatable<E>
        {
            int n, height; T ti; E ei; Func<T, T, T> f; Func<T, E, T> g; Func<E, E, E> h; T[] dat; E[] laz;
            public LazySegTree(long _n, T _ti, E _ei, Func<T, T, T> _f, Func<T, E, T> _g, Func<E, E, E> _h) { n = 1; height = 0; while (n < _n) { n <<= 1; ++height; } ti = _ti; ei = _ei; f = _f; g = _g; h = _h; dat = Repeat(ti, n << 1).ToArray(); laz = Repeat(ei, n << 1).ToArray(); }
            public LazySegTree(List<T> l, T _ti, E _ei, Func<T, T, T> _f, Func<T, E, T> _g, Func<E, E, E> _h) : this(l.Count, _ti, _ei, _f, _g, _h) { for (var i = 0; i < l.Count; i++) dat[n + i] = l[i]; for (var i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) dat[i] = f(dat[(i << 1) | 0], dat[(i << 1) | 1]); }
            T Reflect(long i) => laz[i].Equals(ei) ? dat[i] : g(dat[i], laz[i]);
            void Eval(long i) { if (laz[i].Equals(ei)) return; laz[(i << 1) | 0] = h(laz[(i << 1) | 0], laz[i]); laz[(i << 1) | 1] = h(laz[(i << 1) | 1], laz[i]); dat[i] = Reflect(i); laz[i] = ei; }
            void Thrust(long i) { for (var j = height; j > 0; j--) Eval(i >> j); }
            void Recalc(long i) { while ((i >>= 1) > 0) dat[i] = f(Reflect((i << 1) | 0), Reflect((i << 1) | 1)); }
            public void Update(long l, long r, E v) { Thrust(l += n); Thrust(r += n - 1); for (long li = l, ri = r + 1; li < ri; li >>= 1, ri >>= 1) { if ((li & 1) == 1) { laz[li] = h(laz[li], v); ++li; } if ((ri & 1) == 1) { --ri; laz[ri] = h(laz[ri], v); } } Recalc(l); Recalc(r); }
            public T Query(long l, long r) { Thrust(l += n); Thrust(r += n - 1); var vl = ti; var vr = ti; for (long li = l, ri = r + 1; li < ri; li >>= 1, ri >>= 1) { if ((li & 1) == 1) vl = f(vl, Reflect(li++)); if ((ri & 1) == 1) vr = f(Reflect(--ri), vr); } return f(vl, vr); }
            public T this[long idx] { get { Thrust(idx += n); return dat[idx] = Reflect(idx); } set { Thrust(idx += n); dat[idx] = value; laz[idx] = ei; Recalc(idx); } }
        }
    }
}