Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Snuke can change a string t of length N into a string t' of length N - 1 under the following rule:

For each i (1 ≤ i ≤ N - 1), the i-th character of t' must be either the i-th or (i + 1)-th character of t.

There is a string s consisting of lowercase English letters.
Snuke's objective is to apply the above operation to s repeatedly so that all the characters in s are the same.
Find the minimum necessary number of operations.

Constraints

1 ≤ |s| ≤ 100

s consists of lowercase English letters.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

s

Output

Print the minimum necessary number of operations to achieve the objective.

Sample Input 1

serval

Sample Output 1

3

One solution is: serval → srvvl → svvv → vvv.

Sample Input 2

jackal

Sample Output 2

2

One solution is: jackal → aacaa → aaaa.

Sample Input 3

zzz

Sample Output 3

0

All the characters in s are the same from the beginning.

Sample Input 4

whbrjpjyhsrywlqjxdbrbaomnw

Sample Output 4

8

In 8 operations, he can change s to rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using Training20200609.Questions;
using Training20200609.Extensions;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Training20200609.Questions
{
    /// <summary>
    /// https://atcoder.jp/contests/agc016/tasks/agc016_a
    /// </summary>
    public class QuestionA : AtCoderQuestionBase
    {
        public override IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream)
        {
            var s = inputStream.ReadLine();
            var bits = s.Select(ToBit).ToArray();

            int count = 0;
            while (!Check(bits))
            {
                bits = Join(bits);
                count++;
            }

            yield return count;
        }

        int ToBit(char c)
        {
            return 1 << (c - 'a');
        }

        bool Check(int[] array)
        {
            return Enumerable.Range(0, 26).Any(shift => array.All(b => ((b >> shift) & 1) == 1));
        }

        int[] Join(int[] array)
        {
            var result = new int[array.Length - 1];

            for (int i = 0; i < result.Length; i++)
            {
                result[i] = array[i] | array[i + 1];
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}


namespace Training20200609
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            IAtCoderQuestion question = new QuestionA();    // 問題に合わせて書き換え
            var answers = question.Solve(Console.In);
            foreach (var answer in answers)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(answer);
            }
        }
    }
}

#region Base Classes

namespace Training20200609.Questions
{

    public interface IAtCoderQuestion
    {
        IEnumerable<object> Solve(string input);
        IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream);
    }

    public abstract class AtCoderQuestionBase : IAtCoderQuestion
    {
        public IEnumerable<object> Solve(string input)
        {
            var stream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(input));
            var reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.Unicode);

            return Solve(reader);
        }

        public abstract IEnumerable<object> Solve(TextReader inputStream);
    }

}

#endregion

#region Extensions

namespace Training20200609.Extensions
{
    internal static class TextReaderExtensions
    {
        internal static int ReadInt(this TextReader reader) => int.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static long ReadLong(this TextReader reader) => long.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static double ReadDouble(this TextReader reader) => double.Parse(ReadString(reader));
        internal static string ReadString(this TextReader reader) => reader.ReadLine();

        internal static int[] ReadIntArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static long[] ReadLongArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(long.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static double[] ReadDoubleArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => ReadStringArray(reader, separator).Select(double.Parse).ToArray();
        internal static string[] ReadStringArray(this TextReader reader, char separator = ' ') => reader.ReadLine().Split(separator);
    }
}

#endregion