Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

Find the number of integers between 1 and N (inclusive) that contains exactly K non-zero digits when written in base ten.

Constraints

1 \leq N < 10^{100}

1 \leq K \leq 3

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
K

Output

Print the count.

Sample Input 1

100
1

Sample Output 1

19

The following 19 integers satisfy the condition:

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100

Sample Input 2

25
2

Sample Output 2

14

The following 14 integers satisfy the condition:

11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,24,25

Sample Input 3

314159
2

Sample Output 3

937

Sample Input 4

9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
3

Sample Output 4

117879300

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using static System.Console;

namespace AtCoder_1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var n = Cin();
            var k = CinT();
            long res = 0;
            if(k == 1)
            {
                res = Get_v1(n);
            }else if(k == 2)
            {
                res = Get_v2(n);
            }
            else
            {
                res = Get_v3(n);
            }

            Cout(res);

            Cin();
        }

        static long Get_v1(string data)
        {
            data = data.TrimStart('0');
            if (data.Length > 0)
            {
                int f = S2i(data.First() + "");
                return (data.Length - 1) * 9 + f;
            }
            else
            {
                return 0;
            }
        }

        static long Get_v2(string data)
        {
            long t = 0;
            data = data.TrimStart('0');
            int f = S2i(data.First() + "");
            for (int i = 2; i <= data.Length; i++)
            {
                if (i < data.Length)
                {
                    t += (i - 1) * 9 * 9;
                }
                else
                {
                    data = data.Substring(1, data.Length - 1);
                    if (f > 0)
                    {
                        t += (i - 1) * 9 * (f - 1);
                    }
                    t += Get_v1(data);
                }
            }
            return t;
        }

        static long Get_v3(string data)
        {
            long t = 0;
            data = data.TrimStart('0');
            int f = S2i(data.First() + "");
            for (int i = 3; i <= data.Length; i++)
            {
                if (i < data.Length)
                {
                    t += nCr(i - 1, 2) * 9 * 9 * 9;
                }
                else
                {
                    data = data.Substring(1, data.Length - 1);
                    if (f > 0)
                    {
                        t += nCr(i - 1, 2) * 9 * 9 * (f - 1);
                    }
                    t += Get_v2(data);
                }
            }
            return t;
        }



        static Random Rand = new Random();
        static string[] AlphabetTable = new string[] { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z" };
        static int GetDigits(long num)
        {
            return (int)Math.Floor(Math.Log10(num)) + 1;
        }
        static int GetNumByDigit(long num, int digit)
        {
            return (int)((num / ((int)Math.Pow(10, digit - 1))) % 10);
        }
        static int loop(int num, int max)
        {
            if (num > max)
            {
                return num % max;
            }
            else if (num < 0)
            {
                return max - (-num) % max;
            }
            else
            {
                return num;
            }
        }
        static long GCD(long a, long b)
        {
            if (a < b) { swap(ref a, ref b); }
            if (a % b == 0) { return b; }
            else { return GCD(b, a % b); }
        }

        static long LCM(long a, long b)
        {
            return a * b / GCD(a, b);
        }

        static void swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b)
        {
            T t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t;
        }

        static readonly int MOD10_9_7 = (1000000000 + 7);
        static bool IsInt(double d) { return (int)d == d; }
        static string Cin() { return ReadLine(); }
        static string[] CinAr() { return ReadLine().Split(' '); }
        static int CinT() { return S2i(Cin()); }
        static int[] CinTAr() { return CinAr().Select((x, i) => { return S2i(x); }).ToArray(); }
        static long CinL() { return S2L(Cin()); }
        static long[] CinLAr() { return CinAr().Select((x, i) => { return S2L(x); }).ToArray(); }
        static double CinD() { return S2D(Cin()); }
        static double[] CinDAr() { return CinAr().Select((x, i) => { return S2D(x); }).ToArray(); }
        static int S2i(string s) { return int.Parse(s); }
        static long S2L(string s) { return long.Parse(s); }
        static double S2D(string s) { return double.Parse(s); }
        static void Cout(object s) { WriteLine(s); }
        static long[] yakusuu(long n)
        {
            if (n == 1) { return new long[] { 1 }; }
            List<long> res = new List<long>();
            res.Add(1);
            for (long i = 2; i <= n / 2 + 1; i++)
            {
                if (n % i == 0)
                {
                    res.Add(i);
                }
            }
            res.Add(n);
            return res.ToArray();
        }
        static bool isPrime(long num)
        {
            if (num == 1) { return false; }
            for (long i = 2; i <= Math.Sqrt(num) + 1; i++)
            {
                if (num % i == 0) { return false; }
            }
            return true;
        }

        static void CoutAr<Type>(IEnumerable<Type> types)
        {
            WriteLine(string.Join(" ", types));
        }

        public static long nCr(int n, int r)
        {
            // naive: return Factorial(n) / (Factorial(r) * Factorial(n - r));
            return nPr(n, r) / Factorial(r);
        }

        public static long nPr(int n, int r)
        {
            // naive: return Factorial(n) / Factorial(n - r);
            return FactorialDivision(n, n - r);
        }

        private static long FactorialDivision(int topFactorial, int divisorFactorial)
        {
            long result = 1;
            for (int i = topFactorial; i > divisorFactorial; i--)
                result *= i;
            return result;
        }

        private static long Factorial(int i)
        {
            if (i <= 1)
                return 1;
            return i * Factorial(i - 1);
        }
    }

    public struct Pair<T>
    {
        public T a;
        public T b;
        public T c;
        public Pair(T _a, T _b) { a = _a; b = _b; c = default(T); }
        public Pair(T _a, T _b, T _c) { a = _a; b = _b; c = _c; }
    }
}