Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

We will call a string obtained by arranging the characters contained in a string a in some order, an anagram of a.

For example, greenbin is an anagram of beginner. As seen here, when the same character occurs multiple times, that character must be used that number of times.

Given are N strings s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_N. Each of these strings has a length of 10 and consists of lowercase English characters. Additionally, all of these strings are distinct. Find the number of pairs of integers i, j (1 \leq i < j \leq N) such that s_i is an anagram of s_j.

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 10^5

s_i is a string of length 10.

Each character in s_i is a lowercase English letter.

s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_N are all distinct.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
s_1
s_2
:
s_N

Output

Print the number of pairs of integers i, j (1 \leq i < j \leq N) such that s_i is an anagram of s_j.

Sample Input 1

3
acornistnt
peanutbomb
constraint

Sample Output 1

1

s_1 = acornistnt is an anagram of s_3 = constraint. There are no other pairs i, j such that s_i is an anagram of s_j, so the answer is 1.

Sample Input 2

2
oneplustwo
ninemodsix

Sample Output 2

0

If there is no pair i, j such that s_i is an anagram of s_j, print 0.

Sample Input 3

5
abaaaaaaaa
oneplustwo
aaaaaaaaba
twoplusone
aaaabaaaaa

Sample Output 3

4

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer type, though we cannot put such a case here.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using static System.Math;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace Program
{
    public static class ABC137C
    {
        static public void Solve()
        {
            var N = NN;
            var sList = NSList(N);
            var sortedList = new string[N];
            for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
            {
                sortedList[i] = new string(sList[i].OrderBy(e => e).ToArray());
            }
            var counter = new Dict<string, long>();
            foreach (var item in sortedList)
            {
                counter[item]++;
            }
            var ans = 0L;
            foreach (var item in counter)
            {
                ans += Comb(item.Value, 2);
            }
            Console.WriteLine(ans);

        }
        static public void Main(string[] args) { if (args.Length == 0) { var sw = new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = false }; Console.SetOut(sw); } var t = new Thread(Solve, 134217728); t.Start(); t.Join(); Console.Out.Flush(); }
        static class Console_
        {
            static Queue<string> param = new Queue<string>();
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public static string NextString() { if (param.Count == 0) foreach (var item in Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')) param.Enqueue(item); return param.Dequeue(); }
        }
        static long NN => long.Parse(Console_.NextString());
        static double ND => double.Parse(Console_.NextString());
        static string NS => Console_.NextString();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static long[] NNList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NN).ToArray();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static double[] NDList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => ND).ToArray();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static string[] NSList(long N) => Repeat(0, N).Select(_ => NS).ToArray();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerable<T> OrderByRand<T>(this IEnumerable<T> x) => x.OrderBy(_ => xorshift);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerable<T> Repeat<T>(T v, long n) => Enumerable.Repeat<T>(v, (int)n);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerable<int> Range(long s, long c) => Enumerable.Range((int)s, (int)c);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static void RevSort<T>(T[] l) where T : IComparable { Array.Sort(l, (x, y) => y.CompareTo(x)); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static void RevSort<T>(T[] l, Comparison<T> comp) where T : IComparable { Array.Sort(l, (x, y) => comp(y, x)); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerable<long> Primes(long x) { if (x < 2) yield break; yield return 2; var halfx = x / 2; var table = new bool[halfx + 1]; var max = (long)(Math.Sqrt(x) / 2); for (long i = 1; i <= max; ++i) { if (table[i]) continue; var add = 2 * i + 1; yield return add; for (long j = 2 * i * (i + 1); j <= halfx; j += add) table[j] = true; } for (long i = max + 1; i <= halfx; ++i) if (!table[i] && 2 * i + 1 <= x) yield return 2 * i + 1; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerable<long> Factors(long x) { if (x < 2) yield break; while (x % 2 == 0) { x /= 2; yield return 2; } var max = (long)Math.Sqrt(x); for (long i = 3; i <= max; i += 2) while (x % i == 0) { x /= i; yield return i; } if (x != 1) yield return x; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerable<long> Divisor(long x) { if (x < 1) yield break; var max = (long)Math.Sqrt(x); for (long i = 1; i <= max; ++i) { if (x % i != 0) continue; yield return i; if (i != x / i) yield return x / i; } }
        static uint xorshift { get { _xsi.MoveNext(); return _xsi.Current; } }
        static IEnumerator<uint> _xsi = _xsc();
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static IEnumerator<uint> _xsc() { uint x = 123456789, y = 362436069, z = 521288629, w = 0; while (true) { var t = x ^ (x << 11); x = y; y = z; z = w; w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)); yield return w; } }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static long GCD(long a, long b) { while (b > 0) { var tmp = b; b = a % b; a = tmp; } return a; }
        static long LCM(long a, long b) => a * b / GCD(a, b);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static Mat<T> Pow<T>(Mat<T> x, long y) => Mat<T>.Pow(x, y);
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static T Pow<T>(T x, long y) { T a = (dynamic)1; while (y != 0) { if ((y & 1) == 1) a *= (dynamic)x; x *= (dynamic)x; y >>= 1; } return a; }
        static List<long> _fact = new List<long>() { 1 };
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static void _B(long n) { if (n >= _fact.Count) for (int i = _fact.Count; i <= n; ++i) _fact.Add(_fact[i - 1] * i); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static long Comb(long n, long k) { _B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)] / _fact[(int)k]; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static long Perm(long n, long k) { _B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)]; }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static Func<TR> Lambda<TR>(Func<Func<TR>, TR> f) { Func<TR> t = () => default(TR); return t = () => f(t); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static Func<T1, TR> Lambda<T1, TR>(Func<T1, Func<T1, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, TR> t = x1 => default(TR); return t = x1 => f(x1, t); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static Func<T1, T2, TR> Lambda<T1, T2, TR>(Func<T1, T2, Func<T1, T2, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, T2, TR> t = (x1, x2) => default(TR); return t = (x1, x2) => f(x1, x2, t); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static Func<T1, T2, T3, TR> Lambda<T1, T2, T3, TR>(Func<T1, T2, T3, Func<T1, T2, T3, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, T2, T3, TR> t = (x1, x2, x3) => default(TR); return t = (x1, x2, x3) => f(x1, x2, x3, t); }
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        static Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR> Lambda<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR>(Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR>, TR> f) { Func<T1, T2, T3, T4, TR> t = (x1, x2, x3, x4) => default(TR); return t = (x1, x2, x3, x4) => f(x1, x2, x3, x4, t); }
        class PQ<T> where T : IComparable
        {
            List<T> h; Comparison<T> c; public T Peek => h[0]; public int Count => h.Count;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(int cap, Comparison<T> c, bool asc = true) { h = new List<T>(cap); this.c = asc ? c : (x, y) => c(y, x); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(Comparison<T> c, bool asc = true) { h = new List<T>(); this.c = asc ? c : (x, y) => c(y, x); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(int cap, bool asc = true) : this(cap, (x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(bool asc = true) : this((x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Push(T v) { var i = h.Count; h.Add(v); while (i > 0) { var ni = (i - 1) / 2; if (c(v, h[ni]) >= 0) break; h[i] = h[ni]; i = ni; } h[i] = v; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T Pop() { var r = h[0]; var v = h[h.Count - 1]; h.RemoveAt(h.Count - 1); if (h.Count == 0) return r; var i = 0; while (i * 2 + 1 < h.Count) { var i1 = i * 2 + 1; var i2 = i * 2 + 2; if (i2 < h.Count && c(h[i1], h[i2]) > 0) i1 = i2; if (c(v, h[i1]) <= 0) break; h[i] = h[i1]; i = i1; } h[i] = v; return r; }
        }
        class PQ<TK, TV> where TK : IComparable
        {
            PQ<Tuple<TK, TV>> q; public Tuple<TK, TV> Peek => q.Peek; public int Count => q.Count;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(int cap, Comparison<TK> c, bool asc = true) { q = new PQ<Tuple<TK, TV>>(cap, (x, y) => c(x.Item1, y.Item1), asc); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(Comparison<TK> c, bool asc = true) { q = new PQ<Tuple<TK, TV>>((x, y) => c(x.Item1, y.Item1), asc); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(int cap, bool asc = true) : this(cap, (x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public PQ(bool asc = true) : this((x, y) => x.CompareTo(y), asc) { }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Push(TK k, TV v) => q.Push(Tuple.Create(k, v));
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tuple<TK, TV> Pop() => q.Pop();
        }
        public class UF
        {
            long[] d;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public UF(long s) { d = Repeat(-1L, s).ToArray(); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public bool Unite(long x, long y) { x = Root(x); y = Root(y); if (x != y) { if (d[y] < d[x]) { var t = y; y = x; x = t; } d[x] += d[y]; d[y] = x; } return x != y; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public bool IsSame(long x, long y) => Root(x) == Root(y);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public long Root(long x) => d[x] < 0 ? x : d[x] = Root(d[x]);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public long Count(long x) => -d[Root(d[x])];
        }
        struct Mod : IEquatable<object>
        {
            static public long _mod = 1000000007; long _val;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Mod(long x) { if (x < _mod && x >= 0) _val = x; else if ((_val = x % _mod) < 0) _val += _mod; }
            static public implicit operator Mod(long x) => new Mod(x);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public implicit operator long(Mod x) => x._val;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mod operator +(Mod x, Mod y) { var t = x._val + y._val; return t >= _mod ? new Mod { _val = t - _mod } : new Mod { _val = t }; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mod operator -(Mod x, Mod y) { var t = x._val - y._val; return t < 0 ? new Mod { _val = t + _mod } : new Mod { _val = t }; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mod operator *(Mod x, Mod y) => x._val * y._val;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mod operator /(Mod x, Mod y) => x._val * Inverse(y._val);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public bool operator ==(Mod x, Mod y) => x._val == y._val;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public bool operator !=(Mod x, Mod y) => x._val != y._val;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public long Inverse(long x) { long b = _mod, r = 1, u = 0, t = 0; while (b > 0) { var q = x / b; t = u; u = r - q * u; r = t; t = b; b = x - q * b; x = t; } return r < 0 ? r + _mod : r; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            bool IEquatable<object>.Equals(object obj) => obj == null ? false : Equals((Mod)obj);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj == null ? false : Equals((Mod)obj);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public bool Equals(Mod obj) => obj == null ? false : _val == obj._val;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public override int GetHashCode() => _val.GetHashCode();
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public override string ToString() => _val.ToString();
            static List<Mod> _fact = new List<Mod>() { 1 };
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static void B(long n) { if (n >= _fact.Count) for (int i = _fact.Count; i <= n; ++i) _fact.Add(_fact[i - 1] * i); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mod Comb(long n, long k) { B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)] / _fact[(int)k]; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mod Perm(long n, long k) { B(n); if (n == 0 && k == 0) return 1; if (n < k || n < 0) return 0; return _fact[(int)n] / _fact[(int)(n - k)]; }
        }
        struct Mat<T>
        {
            T[,] m;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Mat(T[,] v) { m = (T[,])v.Clone(); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public implicit operator Mat<T>(T[,] v) => new Mat<T>(v);
            public T this[int r, int c] { get { return m[r, c]; } set { m[r, c] = value; } }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> operator +(Mat<T> a, T x) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] += (dynamic)x; return tm; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> operator +(Mat<T> a, Mat<T> b) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] += (dynamic)b[r, c]; return tm; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> operator -(Mat<T> a, T x) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] -= (dynamic)x; return tm; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> operator -(Mat<T> a, Mat<T> b) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] -= (dynamic)b[r, c]; return tm; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> operator *(Mat<T> a, T x) { var tm = (T[,])a.m.Clone(); for (int r = 0; r < tm.GetLength(0); ++r) for (int c = 0; c < tm.GetLength(1); ++c) tm[r, c] *= (dynamic)x; return tm; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> operator *(Mat<T> a, Mat<T> b) { var nr = a.m.GetLength(0); var nc = b.m.GetLength(1); var tm = new T[nr, nc]; for (int i = 0; i < nr; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < nc; ++j) tm[i, j] = (dynamic)0; for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) for (int i = 0; i < a.m.GetLength(1); ++i) tm[r, c] += a[r, i] * (dynamic)b[i, c]; return tm; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            static public Mat<T> Pow(Mat<T> x, long y) { var n = x.m.GetLength(0); var t = (Mat<T>)new T[n, n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) t[i, j] = (dynamic)(i == j ? 1 : 0); while (y != 0) { if ((y & 1) == 1) t *= x; x *= x; y >>= 1; } return t; }
        }
        class Tree
        {
            long N; int l; List<long>[] p; int[] d; long[][] pr; long r; Tuple<long, long, int>[] e; Tuple<long, long>[] b; bool lca; bool euler; bool bfs;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tree(List<long>[] p_, long r_) { N = p_.Length; p = p_; r = r_; lca = false; euler = false; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tuple<long, long>[] BFSRoot() { if (!bfs) { var nb = new List<Tuple<long, long>>(); var q = new Queue<long>(); var d = new bool[N]; nb.Add(Tuple.Create(r, -1L)); d[r] = true; q.Enqueue(r); while (q.Count > 0) { var w = q.Dequeue(); foreach (var i in p[w]) { if (d[i]) continue; d[i] = true; q.Enqueue(i); nb.Add(Tuple.Create(i, w)); } } b = nb.ToArray(); bfs = true; } return b; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tuple<long, long>[] BFSLeaf() => BFSRoot().Reverse().ToArray();
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tuple<long, long, int>[] Euler() { if (!euler) { var ne = new List<Tuple<long, long, int>>(); var s = new Stack<Tuple<long, long>>(); var d = new bool[N]; d[r] = true; s.Push(Tuple.Create(r, -1L)); while (s.Count > 0) { var w = s.Peek(); var ad = true; foreach (var i in p[w.Item1]) { if (d[i]) continue; d[i] = true; ad = false; s.Push(Tuple.Create(i, w.Item1)); } if (!ad || p[w.Item1].Count == 1) ne.Add(Tuple.Create(w.Item1, w.Item2, 1)); if (ad) { s.Pop(); ne.Add(Tuple.Create(w.Item1, w.Item2, -1)); } } e = ne.ToArray(); euler = true; } return e; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public long LCA(long u, long v) { if (!lca) { l = 0; while (N > (1 << l)) l++; d = new int[N]; pr = Repeat(0, l).Select(_ => new long[N]).ToArray(); d[r] = 0; pr[0][r] = -1; var q = new Stack<long>(); q.Push(r); while (q.Count > 0) { var w = q.Pop(); foreach (var i in p[w]) { if (i == pr[0][w]) continue; q.Push(i); d[i] = d[w] + 1; pr[0][i] = w; } } for (var k = 0; k + 1 < l; k++) for (var w = 0; w < N; w++) if (pr[k][w] < 0) pr[k + 1][w] = -1; else pr[k + 1][w] = pr[k][pr[k][w]]; lca = true; } if (d[u] > d[v]) { var t = u; u = v; v = t; } for (var k = 0; k < l; k++) if ((((d[v] - d[u]) >> k) & 1) != 0) v = pr[k][v]; if (u == v) return u; for (var k = l - 1; k >= 0; k--) if (pr[k][u] != pr[k][v]) { u = pr[k][u]; v = pr[k][v]; } return pr[0][u]; }
        }
        class BT<T> where T : IComparable
        {
            class Node { public Node l; public Node r; public T v; public bool b; public int c; }
            Comparison<T> c; Node r; bool ch; T lm;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public BT(Comparison<T> _c) { c = _c; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public BT() : this((x, y) => x.CompareTo(y)) { }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            bool R(Node n) => n != null && !n.b;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            bool B(Node n) => n != null && n.b;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node RtL(Node n) { Node m = n.r, t = m.l; m.l = n; n.r = t; n.c -= m.c - (t?.c ?? 0); m.c += n.c - (t?.c ?? 0); return m; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node RtR(Node n) { Node m = n.l, t = m.r; m.r = n; n.l = t; n.c -= m.c - (t?.c ?? 0); m.c += n.c - (t?.c ?? 0); return m; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node RtLR(Node n) { n.l = RtL(n.l); return RtR(n); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node RtRL(Node n) { n.r = RtR(n.r); return RtL(n); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Add(T x) { r = A(r, x); r.b = true; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node A(Node n, T x) { if (n == null) { ch = true; return new Node() { v = x, c = 1 }; } if (c(x, n.v) < 0) n.l = A(n.l, x); else n.r = A(n.r, x); n.c++; return Bl(n); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node Bl(Node n) { if (!ch) return n; if (!B(n)) return n; if (R(n.l) && R(n.l.l)) { n = RtR(n); n.l.b = true; } else if (R(n.l) && R(n.l.r)) { n = RtLR(n); n.l.b = true; } else if (R(n.r) && R(n.r.l)) { n = RtRL(n); n.r.b = true; } else if (R(n.r) && R(n.r.r)) { n = RtL(n); n.r.b = true; } else ch = false; return n; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Remove(T x) { r = Rm(r, x); if (r != null) r.b = true; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node Rm(Node n, T x) { if (n == null) { ch = false; return n; } n.c--; var r = c(x, n.v); if (r < 0) { n.l = Rm(n.l, x); return BlL(n); } if (r > 0) { n.r = Rm(n.r, x); return BlR(n); } if (n.l == null) { ch = n.b; return n.r; } n.l = RmM(n.l); n.v = lm; return BlL(n); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node RmM(Node n) { n.c--; if (n.r != null) { n.r = RmM(n.r); return BlR(n); } lm = n.v; ch = n.b; return n.l; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node BlL(Node n) { if (!ch) return n; if (B(n.r) && R(n.r.l)) { var b = n.b; n = RtRL(n); n.b = b; n.l.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.r) && R(n.r.r)) { var b = n.b; n = RtL(n); n.b = b; n.r.b = true; n.l.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.r)) { ch = n.b; n.b = true; n.r.b = false; } else { n = RtL(n); n.b = true; n.l.b = false; n.l = BlL(n.l); ch = false; } return n; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node BlR(Node n) { if (!ch) return n; if (B(n.l) && R(n.l.r)) { var b = n.b; n = RtLR(n); n.b = b; n.r.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.l) && R(n.l.l)) { var b = n.b; n = RtR(n); n.b = b; n.l.b = true; n.r.b = true; ch = false; } else if (B(n.l)) { ch = n.b; n.b = true; n.l.b = false; } else { n = RtR(n); n.b = true; n.r.b = false; n.r = BlR(n.r); ch = false; } return n; }
            public T this[long i] { get { return At(r, i); } }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            T At(Node n, long i) { if (n == null) return default(T); if (n.l == null) if (i == 0) return n.v; else return At(n.r, i - 1); if (n.l.c == i) return n.v; if (n.l.c > i) return At(n.l, i); return At(n.r, i - n.l.c - 1); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public bool Have(T x) { var t = FindUpper(x); return t.Item1 && t.Item2.CompareTo(x) == 0; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tuple<bool, T> FindUpper(T x, bool findSame = true) { var v = FU(r, x, findSame); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(false, default(T)) : v; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Tuple<bool, T> FU(Node n, T x, bool s) { if (n == null) return null; var r = c(x, n.v); if (r < 0) { var v = FU(n.l, x, s); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(true, n.v) : v; } if (r > 0 || !s && r == 0) return FU(n.r, x, s); return Tuple.Create(true, n.v); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Tuple<bool, T> FindLower(T x, bool findSame = true) { var v = FL(r, x, findSame); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(false, default(T)) : v; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Tuple<bool, T> FL(Node n, T x, bool s) { if (n == null) return null; var r = c(x, n.v); if (r < 0 || !s && r == 0) return FL(n.l, x, s); if (r > 0) { var v = FL(n.r, x, s); return v == null ? Tuple.Create(true, n.v) : v; } return Tuple.Create(true, n.v); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T Min() { Node n = r, p = null; while (n != null) { p = n; n = n.l; } return p == null ? default(T) : p.v; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T Max() { Node n = r, p = null; while (n != null) { p = n; n = n.r; } return p == null ? default(T) : p.v; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public bool Any() => r != null;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public int Count() => r?.c ?? 0;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public IEnumerable<T> List() => L(r);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            IEnumerable<T> L(Node n) { if (n == null) yield break; foreach (var i in L(n.l)) yield return i; yield return n.v; foreach (var i in L(n.r)) yield return i; }
        }
        class Dict<K, V> : Dictionary<K, V>
        {
            Func<K, V> d;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Dict(Func<K, V> _d) { d = _d; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Dict() : this(_ => default(V)) { }
            new public V this[K i] { get { V v; return TryGetValue(i, out v) ? v : base[i] = d(i); } set { base[i] = value; } }
        }
        class Deque<T>
        {
            T[] b; int o, c;
            public int Count;
            public T this[int i] { get { return b[gi(i)]; } set { b[gi(i)] = value; } }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public Deque(int cap = 16) { b = new T[c = cap]; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            int gi(int i) { if (i >= c) throw new Exception(); var r = o + i; return r >= c ? r - c : r; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void PushFront(T x) { if (Count == c) e(); if (--o < 0) o += b.Length; b[o] = x; ++Count; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T PopFront() { if (Count-- == 0) throw new Exception(); var r = b[o++]; if (o >= c) o -= c; return r; }
            public T Front => b[o];
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void PushBack(T x) { if (Count == c) e(); var i = o + Count++; b[i >= c ? i - c : i] = x; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T PopBack() { if (Count == 0) throw new Exception(); return b[gi(--Count)]; }
            public T Back => b[gi(Count - 1)];
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void e() { T[] nb = new T[c << 1]; if (o > c - Count) { var l = b.Length - o; Array.Copy(b, o, nb, 0, l); Array.Copy(b, 0, nb, l, Count - l); } else Array.Copy(b, o, nb, 0, Count); b = nb; o = 0; c <<= 1; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Insert(int i, T x) { if (i > Count) throw new Exception(); this.PushFront(x); for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) this[j] = this[j + 1]; this[i] = x; }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T RemoveAt(int i) { if (i < 0 || i >= Count) throw new Exception(); var r = this[i]; for (int j = i; j > 0; j--) this[j] = this[j - 1]; this.PopFront(); return r; }
        }
        class ImplicitTreep<T, E> where T : IEquatable<T> where E : IEquatable<E>
        {
            class Node
            {
                public E value;
                public T acc;
                public E lazy;
                public uint priority;
                public int cnt;
                public bool rev;
                public Node l;
                public Node r;
                [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
                public Node(E val, E ei, T ti)
                {
                    priority = xorshift;
                    value = val;
                    acc = ti;
                    lazy = ei;
                    cnt = 1;
                    rev = false;
                    l = null;
                    r = null;
                }
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            Node CreateNode(E val) => new Node(val, ei, ti);

            T ti;
            E ei;
            Func<T, T, T> f;
            Func<T, E, T> g;
            Func<E, E, E> h;
            Node root = null;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public ImplicitTreep(T _ti, E _ei, Func<T, T, T> _f, Func<T, E, T> _g, Func<E, E, E> _h)
            {
                ti = _ti;
                ei = _ei;
                f = _f;
                g = _g;
                h = _h;
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            int Count(Node n) => n?.cnt ?? 0;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            T Acc(Node n) => n == null ? ti : n.acc;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void UpdateCount(Node n)
            {
                if (n != null) n.cnt = 1 + Count(n.l) + Count(n.r);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void UpdateAcc(Node n)
            {
                if (n != null) n.acc = f(Acc(n.l), f(g(ti, n.value), Acc(n.r)));
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Pushup(Node n)
            {
                UpdateCount(n);
                UpdateAcc(n);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Pushdown(Node n)
            {
                if (n?.rev ?? false)
                {
                    n.rev = false;
                    var t = n.l; n.l = n.r; n.r = t;
                    if (n.l != null) n.l.rev ^= true;
                    if (n.r != null) n.r.rev ^= true;
                }
                if (n != null && !n.lazy.Equals(ei))
                {
                    Action<Node> apply = t =>
                    {
                        if (t == null) return;
                        t.lazy = h(t.lazy, n.lazy);
                        t.acc = g(t.acc, n.lazy);
                    };
                    apply(n.l);
                    apply(n.r);
                    n.value = h(n.value, n.lazy);
                    n.lazy = ei;
                }
                Pushup(n);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Split(Node n, long key, out Node l, out Node r)
            {
                if (n == null)
                {
                    l = r = null;
                    return;
                }
                Pushdown(n);
                var implicitKey = Count(n.l) + 1;
                if (key < implicitKey)
                {
                    Split(n.l, key, out l, out n.l);
                    r = n;
                }
                else
                {
                    Split(n.r, key - implicitKey, out n.r, out r);
                    l = n;
                }
                Pushup(n);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Insert(ref Node n, long key, Node x)
            {
                if (n == null)
                {
                    n = x;
                    return;
                }
                Pushdown(n);
                if (Count(n.l) == key || x.priority > n.priority)
                {
                    Split(n, key, out x.l, out x.r);
                    n = x;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (Count(n.l) > key)
                    {
                        Insert(ref n.l, key, x);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Insert(ref n.r, key - Count(n.l) - 1, x);
                    }
                }
                Pushup(n);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Merge(out Node n, Node l, Node r)
            {
                Pushdown(l);
                Pushdown(r);
                if (l == null || r == null)
                {
                    n = l != null ? l : r;
                }
                else if (l.priority > r.priority)
                {
                    Merge(out l.r, l.r, r);
                    n = l;
                }
                else
                {
                    Merge(out r.l, l, r.l);
                    n = r;
                }
                Pushup(n);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Erase(ref Node n, long key)
            {
                Pushdown(n);
                if (Count(n.l) == key)
                {
                    Merge(out n, n.l, n.r);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (Count(n.l) > key)
                    {
                        Erase(ref n.l, key);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Erase(ref n.r, key - Count(n.l) - 1);
                    }
                }
                Pushup(n);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Update(Node n, long l, long r, E x)
            {
                Node n1, n2, n3;
                Split(n, l, out n1, out n2);
                Split(n2, r - l, out n2, out n3);
                n2.lazy = h(n2.lazy, x);
                Merge(out n2, n2, n3);
                Merge(out n, n1, n2);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            T Query(Node n, long l, long r)
            {
                Node n1, n2, n3;
                Split(n, l, out n1, out n2);
                Split(n2, r - l, out n2, out n3);
                var ret = Acc(n2);
                Merge(out n2, n2, n3);
                Merge(out n, n1, n2);
                return ret;
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            long Find(Node n, T x, long offset, bool left = true)
            {
                if (f(Acc(n), x).Equals(x))
                {
                    return -1;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (left)
                    {
                        if (n.l != null && !f(n.l.acc, x).Equals(x))
                        {
                            return Find(n.l, x, offset, left);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return (!f(g(ti, n.value), x).Equals(x)) ? offset + Count(n.l) : Find(n.r, x, offset + Count(n.l) + 1, left);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (n.r != null && !f(n.r.acc, x).Equals(x))
                        {
                            return Find(n.r, x, offset + Count(n.l) + 1, left);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return (!f(g(ti, n.value), x).Equals(x)) ? offset + Count(n.l) : Find(n.l, x, offset, left);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Reverse(Node n, long l, long r)
            {
                if (l >= r) return;
                Node n1, n2, n3;
                Split(n, l, out n1, out n2);
                Split(n2, r - l, out n2, out n3);
                n2.rev ^= true;
                Merge(out n2, n2, n3);
                Merge(out n, n1, n2);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Rotate(Node n, long l, long m, long r)
            {
                Reverse(n, l, r);
                Reverse(n, l, l + r - m);
                Reverse(n, l + r - m, r);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Insert(long idx, E x) => Insert(ref root, idx, CreateNode(x));
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Add(E x) => Insert(Count(), x);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Update(long l, long r, E x) => Update(root, l, r, x);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T Query(long l, long r) => Query(root, l, r);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public long Find(long l, long r, T x, bool left = true)
            {
                Node n1, n2, n3;
                Split(root, l, out n1, out n2);
                Split(n2, r - l, out n2, out n3);
                var ret = Find(n2, x, l, left);
                Merge(out n2, n2, n3);
                Merge(out root, n1, n2);
                return ret < 0 ? r : ret;
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Erase(long idx) => Erase(ref root, idx);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Reverse(long l, long r) => Reverse(root, l, r);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Rotate(long l, long m, long r) => Rotate(root, l, m, r);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public int Count() => Count(root);
            public E this[long idx]
            {
                get
                {
                    Node n1, n2, n3;
                    Split(root, idx + 1, out n1, out n2);
                    Split(n1, idx, out n1, out n3);
                    var ret = n3.value;
                    Merge(out n1, n1, n3);
                    Merge(out root, n1, n2);
                    return ret;
                }
                private set { }
            }
        }

        class SegTree<T>
        {
            int n; T ti; Func<T, T, T> f; T[] dat;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public SegTree(long _n, T _ti, Func<T, T, T> _f)
            {
                n = 1;
                while (n < _n) n <<= 1;
                ti = _ti; f = _f;
                dat = Repeat(ti, n << 1).ToArray();
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public SegTree(List<T> l, T _ti, Func<T, T, T> _f) : this(l.Count, _ti, _f)
            {
                for (var i = 0; i < l.Count; i++) dat[n + i] = l[i];
                for (var i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) dat[i] = f(dat[(i << 1) | 0], dat[(i << 1) | 1]);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Update(long i, T v)
            {
                dat[i += n] = v;
                while ((i >>= 1) > 0) dat[i] = f(dat[(i << 1) | 0], dat[(i << 1) | 1]);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T Query(long l, long r)
            {
                var vl = ti; var vr = ti;
                for (long li = n + l, ri = n + r; li < ri; li >>= 1, ri >>= 1)
                {
                    if ((li & 1) == 1) vl = f(vl, dat[li++]);
                    if ((ri & 1) == 1) vr = f(dat[--ri], vr);
                }
                return f(vl, vr);
            }
            public T this[long idx]
            {
                get { return dat[idx + n]; }
                set { Update(idx, value); }
            }
        }
        class LazySegTree<T, E> where T : IEquatable<T> where E : IEquatable<E>
        {
            int n, height; T ti; E ei; Func<T, T, T> f; Func<T, E, T> g; Func<E, E, E> h; T[] dat; E[] laz;
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public LazySegTree(long _n, T _ti, E _ei, Func<T, T, T> _f, Func<T, E, T> _g, Func<E, E, E> _h)
            {
                n = 1; height = 0;
                while (n < _n)
                {
                    n <<= 1;
                    ++height;
                }
                ti = _ti; ei = _ei; f = _f; g = _g; h = _h;
                dat = Repeat(ti, n << 1).ToArray();
                laz = Repeat(ei, n << 1).ToArray();
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public LazySegTree(List<T> l, T _ti, E _ei, Func<T, T, T> _f, Func<T, E, T> _g, Func<E, E, E> _h) : this(l.Count, _ti, _ei, _f, _g, _h)
            {
                for (var i = 0; i < l.Count; i++) dat[n + i] = l[i];
                for (var i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) dat[i] = f(dat[(i << 1) | 0], dat[(i << 1) | 1]);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            T Reflect(long i) => laz[i].Equals(ei) ? dat[i] : g(dat[i], laz[i]);
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Eval(long i)
            {
                if (laz[i].Equals(ei)) return;
                laz[(i << 1) | 0] = h(laz[(i << 1) | 0], laz[i]);
                laz[(i << 1) | 1] = h(laz[(i << 1) | 1], laz[i]);
                dat[i] = Reflect(i);
                laz[i] = ei;
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Thrust(long i) { for (var j = height; j > 0; j--) Eval(i >> j); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            void Recalc(long i) { while ((i >>= 1) > 0) dat[i] = f(Reflect((i << 1) | 0), Reflect((i << 1) | 1)); }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public void Update(long l, long r, E v)
            {
                Thrust(l += n); Thrust(r += n - 1);
                for (long li = l, ri = r + 1; li < ri; li >>= 1, ri >>= 1)
                {
                    if ((li & 1) == 1) { laz[li] = h(laz[li], v); ++li; }
                    if ((ri & 1) == 1) { --ri; laz[ri] = h(laz[ri], v); }
                }
                Recalc(l); Recalc(r);
            }
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
            public T Query(long l, long r)
            {
                Thrust(l += n); Thrust(r += n - 1);
                var vl = ti; var vr = ti;
                for (long li = l, ri = r + 1; li < ri; li >>= 1, ri >>= 1)
                {
                    if ((li & 1) == 1) vl = f(vl, Reflect(li++));
                    if ((ri & 1) == 1) vr = f(Reflect(--ri), vr);
                }
                return f(vl, vr);
            }
            public T this[long idx]
            {
                get { Thrust(idx += n); return dat[idx] = Reflect(idx); }
                set { Thrust(idx += n); dat[idx] = value; laz[idx] = ei; Recalc(idx); }
            }
        }
    }
}