Problem:
Score : 900 points

Problem Statement

We have a tree with N vertices.
The vertices are numbered 0 through N - 1, and the i-th edge (0 ≤ i < N - 1) comnnects Vertex a_i and b_i.
For each pair of vertices u and v (0 ≤ u, v < N), we define the distance d(u, v) as the number of edges in the path u-v.

It is expected that one of the vertices will be invaded by aliens from outer space.
Snuke wants to immediately identify that vertex when the invasion happens.
To do so, he has decided to install an antenna on some vertices.

First, he decides the number of antennas, K (1 ≤ K ≤ N).
Then, he chooses K different vertices, x_0, x_1, ..., x_{K - 1}, on which he installs Antenna 0, 1, ..., K - 1, respectively.
If Vertex v is invaded by aliens, Antenna k (0 ≤ k < K) will output the distance d(x_k, v).
Based on these K outputs, Snuke will identify the vertex that is invaded.
Thus, in order to identify the invaded vertex no matter which one is invaded, the following condition must hold:

For each vertex u (0 ≤ u < N), consider the vector (d(x_0, u), ..., d(x_{K - 1}, u)). These N vectors are distinct.

Find the minumum value of K, the number of antennas, when the condition is satisfied.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ a_i, b_i < N

The given graph is a tree.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_0 b_0
a_1 b_1
:
a_{N - 2} b_{N - 2}

Output

Print the minumum value of K, the number of antennas, when the condition is satisfied.

Sample Input 1

5
0 1
0 2
0 3
3 4

Sample Output 1

2

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 1 and 3.
Then, the following five vectors are distinct:

(d(1, 0), d(3, 0)) = (1, 1)

(d(1, 1), d(3, 1)) = (0, 2)

(d(1, 2), d(3, 2)) = (2, 2)

(d(1, 3), d(3, 3)) = (2, 0)

(d(1, 4), d(3, 4)) = (3, 1)

Sample Input 2

2
0 1

Sample Output 2

1

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 0.

Sample Input 3

10
2 8
6 0
4 1
7 6
2 3
8 6
6 9
2 4
5 8

Sample Output 3

3

For example, install an antenna on Vertex 0, 4, 9.

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using Debug = System.Diagnostics.Trace;
using SB = System.Text.StringBuilder;
using static System.Math;
using Number = System.Int32;
using System.Numerics;
using static System.Numerics.BigInteger;
namespace Program {
	using N = Int32;
	public class Solver {
		Random rnd = new Random(0);
		public void Solve() {
			var n = ri;
			var G = Enumerate(n, x => new List<int>());
			for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
				var u = ri;
				var v = ri;
				G[u].Add(v);
				G[v].Add(u);
			}
			for (int r = 0; r < n; r++)
				if (G[r].Count > 2) {
					var dp = Enumerate(2, x => new long[n]);
					for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++)
						for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
							dp[k][i] = 1000000000;
					Action<int, int> dfs = null;
					dfs = (prev, cur) => {
						var cnt = 0;
						foreach (var t in G[cur])
							if (t != prev) {
								dfs(cur, t);
								cnt++;
							}
						if (cnt == 0) { dp[0][cur] = 0; dp[1][cur] = 1; }
						else if (cnt == 1) {
							foreach (var t in G[cur])
								if (t != prev) {
									dp[0][cur] = dp[0][t];
									dp[1][cur] = dp[1][t];
								}
						}
						else {
							var v = 0L;
							foreach (var t in G[cur])
								if (t != prev) v += dp[1][t];
							dp[1][cur] = v;
							foreach (var t in G[cur])
								if (t != prev) dp[1][cur] = Min(dp[1][cur], v - dp[1][t] + dp[0][t]);
						}
					};
					Debug.WriteLine(r);
					dfs(-1, r);
					Console.WriteLine(Max(2, dp[1][r]));
					Debug.WriteLine(dp[0].AsJoinedString());
					Debug.WriteLine(dp[1].AsJoinedString());
					return;
				}
			Console.WriteLine(1);
		}
		const long INF = 1L << 60;
		static int[] dx = { -1, 0, 1, 0 };
		static int[] dy = { 0, 1, 0, -1 };
		int ri { get { return sc.Integer(); } }
		long rl { get { return sc.Long(); } }
		double rd { get { return sc.Double(); } }
		string rs { get { return sc.Scan(); } }
		public IO.StreamScanner sc = new IO.StreamScanner(Console.OpenStandardInput());

		static T[] Enumerate<T>(int n, Func<int, T> f) {
			var a = new T[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; ++i) a[i] = f(i);
			return a;
		}
		static public void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b) { var tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
	}
}

#region main
static class Ex {
	static public string AsString(this IEnumerable<char> ie) { return new string(ie.ToArray()); }
	static public string AsJoinedString<T>(this IEnumerable<T> ie, string st = " ") {
		return string.Join(st, ie);
	}
	static public void Main() {
		Console.SetOut(new Program.IO.Printer(Console.OpenStandardOutput()) { AutoFlush = true });
		var solver = new Program.Solver();
		//* 
		var t = new System.Threading.Thread(solver.Solve, 50000000);
		//t.Start();
		//t.Join();
		//*/
		solver.Solve();
		Console.Out.Flush();
	}
}
#endregion
#region Ex
namespace Program.IO {
	using System.IO;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Globalization;

	public class Printer : StreamWriter {
		public override IFormatProvider FormatProvider { get { return CultureInfo.InvariantCulture; } }
		public Printer(Stream stream) : base(stream, new UTF8Encoding(false, true)) { }
	}

	public class StreamScanner {
		public StreamScanner(Stream stream) { str = stream; }

		public readonly Stream str;
		private readonly byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		private int len, ptr;
		public bool isEof = false;
		public bool IsEndOfStream { get { return isEof; } }

		private byte read() {
			if (isEof) return 0;
			if (ptr >= len) {
				ptr = 0;
				if ((len = str.Read(buf, 0, 1024)) <= 0) {
					isEof = true;
					return 0;
				}
			}
			return buf[ptr++];
		}

		public char Char() {
			byte b = 0;
			do b = read(); while ((b < 33 || 126 < b) && !isEof);
			return (char)b;
		}
		public string Scan() {
			var sb = new StringBuilder();
			for (var b = Char(); b >= 33 && b <= 126; b = (char)read()) sb.Append(b);
			return sb.ToString();
		}
		public string ScanLine() {
			var sb = new StringBuilder();
			for (var b = Char(); b != '\n' && b != 0; b = (char)read()) if (b != '\r') sb.Append(b);
			return sb.ToString();
		}
		public long Long() { return isEof ? long.MinValue : long.Parse(Scan()); }
		public int Integer() { return isEof ? int.MinValue : int.Parse(Scan()); }
		public double Double() { return isEof ? double.NaN : double.Parse(Scan(), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture); }
	}
}

#endregion