Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N stones arranged in a row. Every stone is painted white or black.
A string S represents the color of the stones. The i-th stone from the left is white if the i-th character of S is ., and the stone is black if the character is #.

Takahashi wants to change the colors of some stones to black or white so that there will be no white stone immediately to the right of a black stone.
Find the minimum number of stones that needs to be recolored.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5

S is a string of length N consisting of . and #.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the minimum number of stones that needs to be recolored.

Sample Input 1

3
#.#

Sample Output 1

1

It is enough to change the color of the first stone to white.

Sample Input 2

5
#.##.

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

9
.........

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C# (Mono 4.6.2.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program
{
    static int N;
    static char[] chars;

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        N = Input.NextInt();
        var S = Input.NextString();N = S.Length;
        chars = S.ToCharArray();

        var first_black = S.IndexOf("#");
        if (first_black < 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("0");
            return;
        }

        var totalB = chars.Count(n => n == '#');
        var totalW = N - totalB;
        var countB = 0;
        var ans = totalW;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            if (chars[i] == '#')
                countB++;
            var remainW = (N - i-1) - (totalB - countB);
            var totalR = countB + remainW;
            ans = Math.Min(ans, totalR);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(ans);
    }
}

public static class Input
{
    private static Queue<string> q = new Queue<string>();
    private static void Confirm() { if (q.Count == 0) foreach (var s in Console.ReadLine().Split(' ')) q.Enqueue(s); }
    public static int NextInt() { Confirm(); return int.Parse(q.Dequeue()); }
    public static long NextLong() { Confirm(); return long.Parse(q.Dequeue()); }
    public static string NextString() { Confirm(); return q.Dequeue(); }
    public static double NextDouble() { Confirm(); return double.Parse(q.Dequeue()); }
    public static int[] LineInt() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').Select(int.Parse).ToArray(); }
    public static long[] LineLong() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').Select(long.Parse).ToArray(); }
    public static string[] LineString() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').ToArray(); }
    public static double[] LineDouble() { return Console.ReadLine().Split(' ').Select(double.Parse).ToArray(); }
}