Problem:
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Priority Queue

A priority queue is a data structure which maintains a set $S$ of elements, each of with an associated value (key), and supports the following operations:

$insert(S, k)$: insert an element $k$ into the set $S$

$extractMax(S)$: remove and return the element of $S$ with the largest key

Write a program which performs the $insert(S, k)$ and $extractMax(S)$ operations to a priority queue $S$.
The priority queue manages a set of integers, which are also keys for the priority.

Input

Multiple operations to the priority queue $S$ are given. Each operation is given by "insert $k$", "extract" or "end" in a line. Here, $k$ represents an integer element to be inserted to the priority queue.

The input ends with "end" operation.

Output

For each "extract" operation, print the element extracted from the priority queue $S$ in a line.

Constraints

The number of operations $\leq 2,000,000$

$0 \leq k \leq 2,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

insert 8
insert 2
extract
insert 10
extract
insert 11
extract
extract
end

Sample Output 1

8
10
11
2

Solution in C# (judge verdict: Accepted)

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;

public class PriorityQueue<T> where T : IComparable
{
    private IComparer<T> _comparer = null;
    private int _type = 0;
    private T[] _heap;
    private int _sz = 0;
    private int _count = 0;
    /// <summary>
    /// Priority Queue with custom comparer
    /// </summary>
    public PriorityQueue(int maxSize, IComparer<T> comparer)
    {
        _heap = new T[maxSize];
        _comparer = comparer;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Priority queue
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="maxSize">max size</param>
    /// <param name="type">0: asc, 1:desc</param>
    public PriorityQueue(int maxSize, int type = 0)
    {
        _heap = new T[maxSize];
        _type = type;
    }
    private int Compare(T x, T y)
    {
        if (_comparer != null) return _comparer.Compare(x, y);
        return _type == 0 ? x.CompareTo(y) : y.CompareTo(x);
    }
    public void Push(T x)
    {
        _count++;
        var i = _sz++;
        while (i > 0)
        {
            var p = (i - 1) / 2;
            if (Compare(_heap[p], x) <= 0) break;
            _heap[i] = _heap[p];
            i = p;
        }
        _heap[i] = x;
    }
    public T Pop()
    {
        _count--;
        T ret = _heap[0];
        T x = _heap[--_sz];
        int i = 0;
        while (i * 2 + 1 < _sz)
        {
            int a = i * 2 + 1;
            int b = i * 2 + 2;
            if (b < _sz && Compare(_heap[b], _heap[a]) < 0) a = b;
            if (Compare(_heap[a], x) >= 0) break;
            _heap[i] = _heap[a];
            i = a;
        }
        _heap[i] = x;
        return ret;
    }
    public int Count() => _count;
    public T Peek() => _heap[0];
    public bool Contains(T x)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < _sz; i++) if (x.Equals(_heap[i])) return true;
        return false;
    }
    public void Clear()
    {
        while (this.Count() > 0) this.Pop();
    }
    public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
    {
        var ret = new List<T>();
        while (this.Count() > 0) ret.Add(this.Pop());
        foreach (var r in ret)
        {
            this.Push(r);
            yield return r;
        }
    }
    public T[] ToArray()
    {
        T[] array = new T[_sz];
        int i = 0;
        foreach (var r in this) array[i++] = r;
        return array;
    }
}

public class hello
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var pq = new PriorityQueue<int>(2000001, 1);
        while (true)
        {
            string[] line = Console.ReadLine().Trim().Split(' ');
            if (line[0][2] == 'd') break;
            if (line[0][0] == 'i') pq.Push(int.Parse(line[1]));
            else Console.WriteLine(pq.Pop());
        }
    }
}