Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C++14 (Clang 3.8.0) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#define repi(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define rep(i,a) repi(i,0,a)
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()

template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return 1; } return 0; }

using ll = long long;

ll N;

int main()
{
  std::cin >> N;

  ll ans = 0;

  rep( i, N )
    ans += (i+1)%(i==N-1?1:i+2);

  std::cout << ans << std::endl;

  return 0;
}