Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

For an integer N, we will choose a permutation \{P_1, P_2, ..., P_N\} of \{1, 2, ..., N\}.

Then, for each i=1,2,...,N, let M_i be the remainder when i is divided by P_i.

Find the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Constraints

N is an integer satisfying 1 \leq N \leq 10^9.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the maximum possible value of M_1 + M_2 + \cdots + M_N.

Sample Input 1

2

Sample Output 1

1

When the permutation \{P_1, P_2\} = \{2, 1\} is chosen, M_1 + M_2 = 1 + 0 = 1.

Sample Input 2

13

Sample Output 2

78

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

//#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,no-stack-protector")
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx")
//#pragma GCC target("avx,tune=native")
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define int long long
//#include<ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
using namespace std;
//using namespace __gnu_pbds;
const int inf=0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps=1e-6;
const int mod=1000000007;
typedef long long ll;
#define eprintf(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
inline string getstr(string &s,int l,int r){string ret="";for(int i=l;i<=r;i++)ret.push_back(s[i]);return ret;}
int modpow(int x,int y,int md=mod){if(y==0)return 1;int ret=modpow(x,y>>1,md);ret=(ll)ret*ret%md;if(y&1)ret=(ll)ret*x%md;return ret;}
int n;
signed main(){
	cin>>n;
	cout<<n*(n-1)/2<<endl;
	return 0;
}