Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

Given an integer N, find the base -2 representation of N.

Here, S is the base -2 representation of N when the following are all satisfied:

S is a string consisting of 0 and 1.

Unless S = 0, the initial character of S is 1.

Let S = S_k S_{k-1} ... S_0, then S_0 \times (-2)^0 + S_1 \times (-2)^1 + ... + S_k \times (-2)^k = N.

It can be proved that, for any integer M, the base -2 representation of M is uniquely determined.

Constraints

Every value in input is integer.

-10^9 \leq N \leq 10^9

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

Print the base -2 representation of N.

Sample Input 1

-9

Sample Output 1

1011

As (-2)^0 + (-2)^1 + (-2)^3 = 1 + (-2) + (-8) = -9, 1011 is the base -2 representation of -9.

Sample Input 2

123456789

Sample Output 2

11000101011001101110100010101

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define int long long
#define rep(i,n) for(int (i)=0;(i)<(n);(i)++)
#define rrep(i,n) for(int (i)=((n)-1);(i)>=0;(i)--)
#define itn int
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define F first
#define S second
using P = pair <int,int>;
using WeightedGraph = vector<vector <P>>; //to cost
using UnWeightedGraph = vector<vector<int>>;
const long long INF = 1LL << 60;
const int MOD = 1000000007;
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
#define DUMPOUT cerr
#define repi(itr, ds) for (auto itr = ds.begin(); itr != ds.end(); itr++)
template <typename T, typename U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T,U> &p_var) {
    is >> p_var.first >> p_var.second;
    return is;
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &vec) {
    for (T &x : vec) is >> x;
    return is;
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<vector<T>> &df) {
    for(int i=0;i<df.size();i++)for(int j=0;j<df[i].size();j++)
    is >> df[i][j];
    return is;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, pair<T, U> &pair_var) {
    DUMPOUT<<'{';
    os << pair_var.first;
    DUMPOUT<<',';
    os << " "<< pair_var.second;
    DUMPOUT<<'}';
    return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<T> &vec) {
    DUMPOUT<<'[';
    for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) 
    os << vec[i] << (i + 1 == vec.size() ? "" : " ");
    DUMPOUT<<']';
    return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<vector<T>> &df) {
  for (auto& vec : df) os<<vec;
  return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, map<T, U> &map_var) {
    DUMPOUT << "{";
    repi(itr, map_var) {
        os << *itr;
        itr++;
        if (itr != map_var.end()) DUMPOUT << ", ";
        itr--;
    }
    DUMPOUT << "}";
    return os;
}
template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, set<T> &set_var) {
    DUMPOUT << "{";
    repi(itr, set_var) {
        os << *itr;
        itr++;
        if (itr != set_var.end()) DUMPOUT << ", ";
        itr--;
    }
    DUMPOUT << "}";
    return os;
}
void print() {cout << endl;}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void print(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  cout << head;
  if (sizeof...(tail) != 0) cout << " ";
  print(forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}
void dump_func() {DUMPOUT << '#'<<endl;}
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void dump_func(Head &&head, Tail &&... tail) {
    DUMPOUT << head;
    if (sizeof...(Tail) > 0) DUMPOUT << ", ";
    dump_func(std::move(tail)...);
}
#ifdef DEBUG_
#define DEB
#define dump(...)                                                              \
    DUMPOUT << "  " << string(#__VA_ARGS__) << ": "                            \
            << "[" << to_string(__LINE__) << ":" << __FUNCTION__ << "]"        \
            << endl                                                            \
            << "    ",                                                         \
        dump_func(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define DEB if (false)
#define dump(...)
#endif
template< typename T >
vector< T > convert_base(T x, T b) {
  vector< T > ret;
  T t = 1, k = abs(b);
  while(x) {
    ret.emplace_back((x * t) % k);
    if(ret.back() < 0) ret.back() += k;
    x -= ret.back() * t;
    x /= k;
    t *= b / k;
  }
  if(ret.empty()) ret.emplace_back(0);
  reverse(begin(ret), end(ret));
  return ret;
}
signed main(void) { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int n; cin>>n;
    auto ans = convert_base(n, -2LL);
    string s; cin>>s;
    
    rep(i,ans.size()) cout<<ans[i];
    cout<<endl;
}