Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

There is a sequence X of length N, where every element is initially 0. Let X_i denote the i-th element of X.

You are given a sequence A of length N. The i-th element of A is A_i. Determine if we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation below. If we can, find the minimum number of operations required.

Choose an integer i such that 1\leq i\leq N-1. Replace the value of X_{i+1} with the value of X_i plus 1.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5

0 \leq A_i \leq 10^9(1\leq i\leq N)

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_1
:
A_N

Output

If we can make X equal to A by repeating the operation, print the minimum number of operations required. If we cannot, print -1.

Sample Input 1

4
0
1
1
2

Sample Output 1

3

We can make X equal to A as follows:

Choose i=2. X becomes (0,0,1,0).

Choose i=1. X becomes (0,1,1,0).

Choose i=3. X becomes (0,1,1,2).

Sample Input 2

3
1
2
1

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

9
0
1
1
0
1
2
2
1
2

Sample Output 3

8

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++)
#define rep1(i,n) for(int i=1;i<=(int)(n);i++)
#define all(c) c.begin(),c.end()
#define pb push_back
#define fs first
#define sc second
#define show(x) cout << #x << " = " << (x) << endl
#define chmin(x,y) x=min(x,y)
#define chmax(x,y) x=max(x,y)
using namespace std;
template<class S,class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,const pair<S,T> &p){return o<<"("<<p.fs<<","<<p.sc<<")";}
template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& o,const vector<T> &vc){o<<"sz = "<<vc.size()<<endl<<"[";for(const T& v:vc) o<<v<<",";o<<"]";return o;}
using ll = long long;
int main(){
	int N;
	cin>>N;
	vector<ll> a(N);
	rep(i,N) cin>>a[i];
	set<ll> st;
	ll ans = 0;
	ll offset = 0;
	for(int i=N-1;i>=0;i--){
		st.insert(a[i]-offset);
		if(*st.rbegin() != a[i]-offset){
			puts("-1");
			return 0;
		}
		while(!st.empty() && *st.begin()+offset <= 0) st.erase(st.begin());
		ans += st.size();
		offset--;
	}
	if(!st.empty()) puts("-1");
	else cout<<ans<<endl;
}