Problem:
Score : 100 points

Problem Statement

There are H rows and W columns of white square cells.

You will choose h of the rows and w of the columns, and paint all of the cells contained in those rows or columns.

How many white cells will remain?

It can be proved that this count does not depend on what rows and columns are chosen.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq H, W \leq 20

1 \leq h \leq H

1 \leq w \leq W

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

H W
h w

Output

Print the number of white cells that will remain.

Sample Input 1

3 2
2 1

Sample Output 1

1

There are 3 rows and 2 columns of cells. When two rows and one column are chosen and painted in black, there is always one white cell that remains.

Sample Input 2

5 5
2 3

Sample Output 2

6

Sample Input 3

2 4
2 4

Sample Output 3

0

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <climits>
#define int long long
#define bogo_sort   std::sort
#define bozo_sort   std::stable_sort
#define alles(obj)  obj.begin(), obj.end()
#define elif        else if
#define unless(flg) if(!(flg))
#define elless(flg) else if(!(flg))
#define echo        std::cout <<
#define read        std::cin >>
#define endl        std::endl
#define fin         << '\n'
#define bash        push_back
#define fish        push_front
#define makePair    std::make_pair
#define _           << ' ' <<
// type-define
#define Stack       std::stack
#define Queue       std::queue
#define Deque       std::deque
#define PQueue      std::priority_queue
#define Set         std::set
#define Vector      std::vector
#define Pair        std::pair
#define Map         std::map
#define HashMap     std::unordered_map
#define Greater     std::greater
using String  =     std::string;
using llong   =     long long;
using boolean =     bool;
using Pii     =     Pair<int, int>;
using Vi      =     Vector<int>;
using Vii     =     Vector<Pii>;
// utils
constexpr int   dx[] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1};
constexpr int   dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1};
constexpr int   INF  = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr llong LINF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;

namespace {
    template<class A, class B, class C> A power ( A x, B n, C mod ) {
        llong ans = 1;
        while ( n > 0 ) {
            if ( n & 1 ) ans = ( ans * x ) % mod;
            x = ( x * x ) % mod;
            n >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }
    template<class A, class B> A power ( A x, B n ) { return power( x, n, 1000000007 ); }
    template<class A> A gcd ( A x, A y ) { return x % y ? gcd( y, x % y ) : y; }
    template<class A> A lcm ( A x, A y ) { return ( x / gcd(x, y) * y ); }
    template<class A> inline A abs ( A n ) { return ( n < 0 ) ? -n : n; }
    template<class A> inline boolean chmax ( A &a, const A &b ) { return b > a ? a = b, true : false; }
    template<class A> inline boolean chmin ( A &a, const A &b ) { return b < a ? a = b, true : false; }
    inline boolean isMovable ( int x, int y, int w, int h ) {
        return ( x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < w && y < h );
    }
}

namespace Rlyeh {

    signed call_of_Cthulhu( signed datum ) {

        int H, W;
        int h, w;
        read H >> W >> h >> w;
        echo ( H-h ) * (W-w) fin;

        return 0;
    }
}

signed main(){std::cin.tie(0); std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int main_result = Rlyeh::call_of_Cthulhu(114514); return 0;}