Problem:
Score : 1000 points

Problem Statement

You are given a tree with N vertices. The vertices are numbered 0 through N-1, and the edges are numbered 1 through N-1.
Edge i connects Vertex x_i and y_i, and has a value a_i.
You can perform the following operation any number of times:

Choose a simple path and a non-negative integer x, then for each edge e that belongs to the path, change a_e by executing a_e ← a_e ⊕ x (⊕ denotes XOR).

Your objective is to have a_e = 0 for all edges e.
Find the minimum number of operations required to achieve it.

Constraints

2 ≤ N ≤ 10^5

0 ≤ x_i,y_i ≤ N-1

0 ≤ a_i ≤ 15

The given graph is a tree.

All input values are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
x_1 y_1 a_1
x_2 y_2 a_2
:
x_{N-1} y_{N-1} a_{N-1}

Output

Find the minimum number of operations required to achieve the objective.

Sample Input 1

5
0 1 1
0 2 3
0 3 6
3 4 4

Sample Output 1

3

The objective can be achieved in three operations, as follows:

First, choose the path connecting Vertex 1, 2, and x = 1.

Then, choose the path connecting Vertex 2, 3, and x = 2.

Lastly, choose the path connecting Vertex 0, 4, and x = 4.

Sample Input 2

2
1 0 0

Sample Output 2

0

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

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//                         ███████                           █████  ███████████████████  
//
#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
#define INF (1LL<<60)
#define fs first
#define sc second
#define int long long
#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define RFOR(i,a,b) for(int i = (b-1);i>=(a);--i)
#define REP(i,n)  FOR(i,0,(n))
#define RREP(i,n) RFOR(i,0,(n))
#define ITR(itr,mp) for(auto itr = (mp).begin(); itr != (mp).end(); ++itr)
#define RITR(itr,mp) for(auto itr = (mp).rbegin(); itr != (mp).rend(); ++itr)
#define range(i,a,b) ((a)<=(i) && (i)<(b))
#define debug(x)  cout << #x << " = " << (x) << endl
#define SP << " " << 
template<typename T1,typename T2> inline void chmin(T1 &a,T2 b){if(a>b) a=b;}
template<typename T1,typename T2> inline void chmax(T1 &a,T2 b){if(a<b) a=b;}
#define MSB(x) (63-__builtin_clzll(x))
#define pcnt(x) (__builtin_popcountll(x))
#define parity(i,j) (i&(1LL<<j))
typedef pair<int,int> P;
typedef tuple<int,int,int> T;
typedef vector<int> vec;
typedef vector<vector<int>> mat;

signed main(){
  ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
  cin.tie(0);

  int n;
  cin >> n;

  vector<int> a(n,0);
  REP(_,n-1){
    int x,y,v;
    cin >> x >> y >> v;
    a[x] ^= v;
    a[y] ^= v;
  }
  
  vec b(16,0);
  REP(i,n) b[a[i]]++;

  int ans = 0;
  REP(i,16){
    if(i) ans += b[i]/2;
  }

  vec dp(1<<15,-INF); dp[0] = 0;
  int mask = 0;
  REP(i,15) if(b[i+1]&1) mask += (1<<i);
  
  REP(i,1<<15){
    int x = mask & (~i);
    assert(x+i==mask);
    for(;x;x--){
      x &= mask; int cnt = 0;
      REP(k,15) if(parity(x,k)) cnt ^= k+1;
      if(!cnt) chmax(dp[i+x],dp[i]+1); 
    }
  }

  cout << ans - dp[mask] + pcnt(mask) << endl;

  return 0;
}