Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

There are N Snuke Cats numbered 1, 2, \ldots, N, where N is even.

Each Snuke Cat wears a red scarf, on which his favorite non-negative integer is written.

Recently, they learned the operation called xor (exclusive OR).

What is xor?

For n non-negative integers x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n, their xor, x_1~\textrm{xor}~x_2~\textrm{xor}~\ldots~\textrm{xor}~x_n is defined as follows:

When x_1~\textrm{xor}~x_2~\textrm{xor}~\ldots~\textrm{xor}~x_n is written in base two, the digit in the 2^k's place (k \geq 0) is 1 if the number of integers among x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n whose binary representations have 1 in the 2^k's place is odd, and 0 if that count is even.

For example, 3~\textrm{xor}~5 = 6.

They wanted to use this operation quickly, so each of them calculated the xor of the integers written on their scarfs except his scarf.

We know that the xor calculated by Snuke Cat i, that is, the xor of the integers written on the scarfs except the scarf of Snuke Cat i is a_i.
Using this information, restore the integer written on the scarf of each Snuke Cat.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

2 \leq N \leq 200000

N is even.

0 \leq a_i \leq 10^9

There exists a combination of integers on the scarfs that is consistent with the given information.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 \ldots a_N

Output

Print a line containing N integers separated with space.

The i-th of the integers from the left should represent the integer written on the scarf of Snuke Cat i.

If there are multiple possible solutions, you may print any of them.

Sample Input 1

4
20 11 9 24

Sample Output 1

26 5 7 22

5~\textrm{xor}~7~\textrm{xor}~22 = 20

26~\textrm{xor}~7~\textrm{xor}~22 = 11

26~\textrm{xor}~5~\textrm{xor}~22 = 9

26~\textrm{xor}~5~\textrm{xor}~7 = 24

Thus, this output is consistent with the given information.

Solution in C++ (Clang 10.0.0) (judge verdict: Accepted)

//#pragma GCC optimize ("O3","unroll-loops")
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cassert>

#include<cmath>
#include<functional>
#include<algorithm>
#include<numeric>

#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<deque>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<bitset>
#include<tuple>

#define TEST {IS_TEST=true;}
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb(x) emplace_back(x)
#define pf(x) emplace_front(x)
#define emp(x) emplace(x)
#define mp(x,y) make_pair(x,y)

using namespace std;
using ll = int_fast64_t;
using v_b = vector <bool>; using v_ll = vector <ll>; using str = string; using v_str = vector <string>; using p_ll = pair < ll,ll >;
using vv_b = vector < v_b >; using vv_ll = vector < v_ll >; using vp_ll = vector < p_ll >;
using vvv_ll = vector < vv_ll >; using vvp_ll = vector < vp_ll >;
using ld = long double; using v_ld = vector <ld>; using vv_ld = vector<v_ld>;

bool IS_TEST=false;
ll ll_min64=1LL<<63;
ll ll_max64=~ll_min64;
ll ll_min32=1LL<<31;
ll ll_max32=~ll_min32;

ll MOD = 1000000007;

/*displaying functions for debug*/
template<class T> void show2(const T &x){cerr << x;}
template<class T1,class T2> void show2(const pair<T1,T2> &x){
  cerr << "{" << show2(x.first) << "," << show2(x.second) << "}";
}
template<class T> void show(const T &x){
  if (!IS_TEST) return; show2(x); cerr << "\n";
}
template<class T> void v_show(const T &v, ll n=-1){
  if (!IS_TEST) return; auto itr=v.begin(); ll m=n;
  while(itr!=v.end() && m!=0 ){ show2(*itr); cerr << " "; itr++; m--;}
  cerr << "\n";
}
template<class T> void vv_show(const T &v, ll n=-1){
  if (!IS_TEST) return;
  cerr << "--------------------------------\n";
  auto itr=v.begin(); ll m=n;
  while(itr!=v.end() && m!=0 ){ v_show(*itr,n); itr++; m--;}
  cerr << "--------------------------------\n";
}
/*--------------------------------*/

/*loading integers*/
void load(ll& x1){ cin >> x1; }
void load(ll& x1,ll& x2){ cin >> x1 >> x2; }
void load(ll& x1,ll& x2,ll& x3){ cin >> x1 >> x2 >> x3; }
void load(ll& x1,ll& x2,ll& x3,ll& x4){ cin >> x1 >> x2 >> x3 >> x4; }
void v_load(ll n, v_ll& v1, ll head=0, ll tail=0, ll init=0){
    ll m=n+head+tail; v1.assign(m,init);
    for (ll i=0;i<n;i++){ scanf("%lld",&v1[i+head]); }
}
void v_load(ll n, v_ll& v1 ,v_ll& v2, ll head=0, ll tail=0, ll init=0){
    ll m=n+head+tail; v1.assign(m,init); v2.assign(m,init);
    for (ll i=0;i<n;i++){ scanf("%lld%lld",&v1[i+head],&v2[i+head]); }
}
void v_load(ll n, v_ll& v1 ,v_ll& v2, v_ll& v3, ll head=0, ll tail=0, ll init=0){
    ll m=n+head+tail; v1.assign(m,init); v2.assign(m,init); v3.assign(m,init);
    for (ll i=0;i<n;i++){ scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&v1[i+head],&v2[i+head],&v3[i+head]); }
}
void v_load(ll n, v_ll& v1 ,v_ll& v2, v_ll& v3, v_ll& v4, ll head=0, ll tail=0, ll init=0){
    ll m=n+head+tail; v1.assign(m,init); v2.assign(m,init); v3.assign(m,init); v4.assign(m,init);
    for (ll i=0;i<n;i++){ scanf("%lld%lld%lld%lld",&v1[i+head],&v2[i+head],&v3[i+head],&v4[i+head]); }
}
/*--------------------------------*/

v_ll local_sort(ll x1=ll_max64, ll x2=ll_max64, ll x3=ll_max64, ll x4=ll_max64){
    v_ll x{x1,x2,x3,x4};
    sort(x.begin(),x.end());
    return x;
}

ll max(ll x,ll y){return x>y?x:y;}
ll min(ll x,ll y){return x<y?x:y;}

ll max(v_ll::iterator b,v_ll::iterator e){
    ll ans=*b;
    while (b<e) {ans=max(ans,*b);b++;}
    return ans;
}
ll argmax(v_ll::iterator b,v_ll::iterator e){
    ll ans=0, cnt=0, val=*b;
    while (b<e) { if (val<*b) {ans=cnt; val=*b;} cnt++; b++;}
    return ans;
}
ll min(v_ll::iterator b,v_ll::iterator e){
    ll ans=*b;
    while (b<e) {ans=min(ans,*b);b++;}
    return ans;
}
ll argmin(v_ll::iterator b,v_ll::iterator e){
    ll ans=0, cnt=0, val=*b;
    while (b<e) { if (val>*b) {ans=cnt; val=*b;} cnt++; b++;}
    return ans;
}
ll sum(v_ll::iterator b,v_ll::iterator e){
    ll ans=0;
    while (b<e) {ans+=*b;b++;}
    return ans;
}

template<class T> bool chmax(T& x,const T& y){ if (x>=y) return false; x=y; return true;}
template<class T> bool chmin(T& x,const T& y){ if (x<=y) return false; x=y; return true;}

template<class T> void quit(T x){cout << x << endl; exit(0);}
void yesno(bool x){cout << (x?"Yes":"No") <<endl;}

ll rup(ll x,ll y){return (x-1)/y+1;}
ll rem(ll x,ll y){ ll z=x%y; return z>=0?z:z+y; }

template<typename T>
v_ll index_sort(const vector<T>& ref){
    v_ll idx(ref.size());
    iota(idx.begin(),idx.end(),0);
    sort(idx.begin(),idx.end(),[&](auto &x, auto &y){if (ref[x]<ref[y]) return true;});
}

//setprecision(digit)
//sort(##.begin(),##.end(),[&](auto &x, auto &y){if (x<y) return true;});
//ll ok=0,ng=0; while(abs(ok-ng)>1){ll mid=(ok+ng)/2; true?ok:ng=mid;}

struct dat{
    dat(){}
    bool operator < (const dat& rhs)const {return false; }
};

int main(){
    ll N;
    cin >> N;
    v_ll A(N);
    ll r=0;
    for(ll i=0;i<N;i++){
        ll x;
        cin >> x;
        A[i]=x;
        r^=x;
    }
    for(ll i=0;i<N;i++){
        if(i>0)cout << " ";
        cout << (r^A[i]);
    }
    cout << "\n";

}