Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
using ll    =long long;    using dd   =double;        using pll    =pair<ll, ll>;  using tll    =tuple<ll,ll,ll>;
using vll   =vector<ll>;   using vdd  =vector<dd>;    using vpll   =vector<pll>;   using vtll   =vector<tll>;
using vvll  =vector<vll>;  using vvdd =vector<vdd>;   using vvpll  =vector<vpll>;  using vvtll  =vector<vtll>;
using vvvll =vector<vvll>; using vvvdd=vector<vvdd>;  using vvvpll =vector<vvpll>; using vvvtll =vector<vvtll>;
using vvvvll=vector<vvvll>;using vvvvdd=vector<vvvdd>;using vvvvpll=vector<vvvpll>;using vvvvtll=vector<vvvtll>;

constexpr ll INF = 1LL << 60;
constexpr dd EPS = 1e-11;

//cin,cout高速化のおまじない＋桁数指定
struct Fast{
	Fast(){
		cin.tie(0);
		ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
		cout << fixed << setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::max_digits10);
	}
} fast;

#define REPS(i, S, E) for (ll i = (S); i <= (E); i++)
#define REP(i, N) REPS(i, 0, (N)-1)
#define DEPS(i, S, E) for (ll i = (E); i >= (S); i--)
#define DEP(i, N) DEPS(i, 0, (N)-1)
#define EACH(e, v) for (auto&& e : v)

template<class T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; }return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; }return false; }
template<class T> inline T MaxE(vector<T>&v,ll S,ll E){T m=v[S]; REPS(i,S,E)chmax(m,v[i]); return m;}//v[S]～v[E]の最大値
template<class T> inline T MinE(vector<T>&v,ll S,ll E){T m=v[S]; REPS(i,S,E)chmin(m,v[i]); return m;}//v[S]～v[E]の最小値
template<class T> inline T MaxE(vector<T> &v, ll N) { return MaxE(v, 0, N - 1); } //先頭N個中の最大値
template<class T> inline T MinE(vector<T> &v, ll N) { return MinE(v, 0, N - 1); }
template<class T> inline T MaxE(vector<T> &v) { return MaxE(v, (ll)v.size()); }
template<class T> inline T MinE(vector<T> &v) { return MinE(v, (ll)v.size()); }
template<class T> inline ll MaxI(vector<T>&v,ll S,ll E){ll m=S; REPS(i,S,E){if(v[i]>v[m])m=i;} return m;}
template<class T> inline ll MinI(vector<T>&v,ll S,ll E){ll m=S; REPS(i,S,E){if(v[i]<v[m])m=i;} return m;}
template<class T> inline ll MaxI(vector<T> &v, ll N) { return MaxI(v, 0, N - 1); }
template<class T> inline ll MinI(vector<T> &v, ll N) { return MinI(v, 0, N - 1); }
template<class T> inline ll MaxI(vector<T> &v) { return MaxI(v, (ll)v.size()); }
template<class T> inline ll MinI(vector<T> &v) { return MinI(v, (ll)v.size()); }
template<class T> inline T Sum(vector<T> &v, ll S,ll E){ T s=v[S]; REPS(i,S+1,E)s+=v[i]; return s; }
template<class T> inline T Sum(vector<T> &v, ll N) { return Sum(v, 0, N - 1); }
template<class T> inline T Sum(vector<T> &v) { return Sum(v, v.size()); }
template<class T> inline T POW(T a, ll n){ T r=1; for (; n>0; n>>=1, a*=a){ if (n&1)r*=a; } return r; }
inline ll POW(int a, ll n){ return POW((ll)a, n); }
inline ll MSB(ll a){for(ll o=63,x=-1;;){ll m=(o+x)/2; if(a<(1LL<<m))o=m; else x=m; if(o-x==1)return x;}}
inline ll CEIL(ll a, ll b){ return (a+b-1)/b; }
ll Gcd(ll a, ll b){ return (b==0) ? a : Gcd(b, a%b); }
ll Lcm(ll a, ll b){ return a * b / Gcd(a, b); }
inline vll Mask2Idx(ll m){vll v; for(ll i=0;m;m>>=1,i++) if(m&1)v.push_back(i); return move(v);}
inline ll MaskNum(ll m){ for (ll c=0;; m>>=1){ c+=m&1; if (!m)return c; } }
inline ll Bit(ll s, ll i){ return (s>>i)&1; } //sの第ibit i=0-63
inline ll BitOn(ll s, ll i){ return s|(1LL<<i); } //sの第ibitON i=0-63
inline ll BitOff(ll s, ll i){ return s&~(1LL<<i); } //sの第ibitOFF i=0-63
template<class T> inline ll LowerNumOf(vector<T> &v, T x) //sort済vのx以下の個数を得る
{ return upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x) - v.begin(); }
template<class T, class Pr> inline ll LowerNumOf(vector<T> &v, T x, Pr pred) //x以下の個数
{ return upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x, pred) - v.begin(); }

template<class T=ll> inline vector<T> cinv(ll N){ vector<T> v(N); REP(i, N)cin>>v[i]; return move(v);}
template<class T=ll, class S=ll> inline vector<pair<T, S>> cinv2(ll N){
	vector<pair<T, S>> v(N); REP(i,N){cin>>v[i].first>>v[i].second;} return move(v); }
template<class T=ll,class S=ll,class R=ll> inline vector<tuple<T, S, R>> cinv3(ll N){
	vector<tuple<T,S,R>> v(N); REP(i,N){cin>>get<0>(v[i])>>get<1>(v[i])>>get<2>(v[i]);} return move(v);}
template<class T=ll,class S=ll,class R=ll,class Q=ll> inline vector<tuple<T,S,R,Q>> cinv4(ll N){
	vector<tuple<T,S,R,Q>> v(N); REP(i,N){cin>>get<0>(v[i])>>get<1>(v[i])>>get<2>(v[i])>>get<3>(v[i]);} return move(v);}
template<class T> inline void coutv(vector<T> &v, char deli=' '){
	ll N=(ll)v.size(); REP(i,N){cout << v[i] << ((i==N-1)?'\n':deli);} }
template<class T> void bye(T a){cout << a << '\n'; exit(0);}

#if defined(_DEBUG)
template<class T> void Dump(vector<T> &v){
	REP(i, (ll)v.size()) { cerr << ((i==0)?"[":" ") << setw(5) << v[i]; }  cerr << "]";
}
void Dump(vll &v){
	REP(i, (ll)v.size()) {
		cerr << ((i==0)?"[":" ") << setw(4);
		if       (v[i] == INF) cerr << "INF";
		else if (v[i] == -INF) cerr << "-INF";
		else                   cerr << v[i];
	}  cerr << "]";
}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<T>> &v){
	ll N=(ll)v.size();  string d[2][2]={{" ", "["},  {"\n", "]\n"}};
	REP(i, N) { cerr << d[0][i==0];  Dump(v[i]);  cerr << d[1][i==N-1]; }
}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<vector<T>>> &v){
	ll N=(ll)v.size();  string d[2]={"  <", "[ <"};
	REP(i, N) { cerr << d[i==0] << i << ">\n"; Dump(v[i]); }  cerr << "]\n";
}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>> &v){
	ll N=(ll)v.size();  string d[2]={"  ---<", "[ ---<"};
	REP(i, N) { cerr << d[i==0] << i << ">---\n"; Dump(v[i]); }  cerr << "]\n";
}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>> &v){
	ll N=(ll)v.size();  string d[2]={"  ======<", "[ ======<"};
	REP(i, N) { cerr << d[i==0] << i << ">======\n"; Dump(v[i]); }  cerr << "]\n";
}
#else
template<class T> void Dump(vector<T> &v){}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<T>> &v){}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<vector<T>>> &v){}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>> &v){}
template<class T> void Dump(vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<T>>>>> &v){}
#endif

struct mll{
	static ll MOD;
	ll val;
	mll(ll v = 0): val(v % MOD){ if (val < 0) val += MOD; }
	mll operator - () const { return -val; }
	mll operator + (const mll &b) const { return val + b.val; }
	mll operator - (const mll &b) const { return val - b.val; }
	mll operator * (const mll &b) const { return val * b.val; }
	mll operator / (const mll &b) const { return mll(*this) /= b; }
	mll operator + (ll b) const { return *this + mll(b); }
	mll operator - (ll b) const { return *this - mll(b); }
	mll operator * (ll b) const { return *this * mll(b); }
	friend mll operator + (ll a, const mll &b) { return b + a; }
	friend mll operator - (ll a, const mll &b) { return -b + a; }
	friend mll operator * (ll a, const mll &b) { return b * a; }
	friend mll operator / (ll a, const mll &b) { return mll(a)/b; }
	mll &operator += (const mll &b) { val=(val+b.val)%MOD; return *this; }
	mll &operator -= (const mll &b) { val=(val+MOD-b.val)%MOD; return *this; }
	mll &operator *= (const mll &b) { val=(val*b.val)%MOD; return *this; }
	mll &operator /= (const mll &b) {
		ll c=b.val, d=MOD, u=1, v=0;
		while (d){
			ll t = c / d;
			c -= t * d; swap(c, d);
			u -= t * v; swap(u, v);
		}
		val = val * u % MOD;
		if (val < 0) val += MOD;
		return *this;
	}
	mll &operator += (ll b) { return *this += mll(b); }
	mll &operator -= (ll b) { return *this -= mll(b); }
	mll &operator *= (ll b) { return *this *= mll(b); }
	mll &operator /= (ll b) { return *this /= mll(b); }
	bool operator == (const mll &b) { return val == b.val; }
	bool operator != (const mll &b) { return val != b.val; }
	bool operator == (ll b) { return *this == mll(b); }
	bool operator != (ll b) { return *this != mll(b); }
	friend bool operator == (ll a, const mll &b) { return mll(a) == b.val; }
	friend bool operator != (ll a, const mll &b) { return mll(a) != b.val; }
	friend ostream &operator << (ostream &os, const mll &a) { return os << a.val; }
	friend istream &operator >> (istream &is, mll &a) { return is >> a.val; }
	static mll Combination(ll a, ll b){
		chmin(b, a-b);
		if (b<0) return mll(0);
		mll c = 1;
		REP(i, b) c *= a-i;
		REP(i, b) c /= i+1;
		return c;
	}
};
ll mll::MOD = 1000000007LL;// 998244353LL;//1000000007LL;
using vmll = std::vector<mll>;
using vvmll = std::vector<vmll>;
using vvvmll = std::vector<vvmll>;
using vvvvmll = std::vector<vvvmll>;
using vvvvvmll = std::vector<vvvvmll>;


template<class T> class SegmentTree{
private:
	vector<T> node; //第i要素 node[i+n-1]
	ll n; //要素数以上の最小の 2のべき乗
	T e;
	function<T(T, T)> ope;
public:
	SegmentTree(vector<T> &v, T e_, function<T(T, T)> ope_): e(e_), ope(ope_){
		for (n = 1; n < (ll)v.size(); n *= 2);
		node.resize(2*n-1, e);
		REP(i, (ll)v.size()) { node[i+n-1] = v[i]; }//初期化
		DEP(i, n-1) { node[i] = ope(node[2*i+1], node[2*i+2]); }//構築
	}
	SegmentTree(ll size, T e_, function<T(T, T)> ope_): e(e_), ope(ope_){
		for (n = 1; n < size; n *= 2);
		node.resize(2*n-1, e);
	}
	T Range(ll a, ll b) { return Range(a, b, 0, 0, n); }
	void Set(ll i, T x){ //第i要素にxをセット
		i += n-1;  node[i] = x;
		while (i>0) { i=(i-1)/2; node[i]=ope(node[2*i+1], node[2*i+2]); }
	}
	T operator [] (ll i) { return node[i+n-1]; }
	void Dump(ll w=5){
		REP(i, n) for (ll k=i+n-1, m=1, p=1; k>=0; p=m, m*=k%2, k=(k==0)?-1:(k-1)/2){
			if (m) cout << ((k<n-1)?" ┬ ":"") << setw(w) << node[k];
			else   cout << ((p&~m) ?" ┘ ":"");
			if (k==0) cout << '\n';
		}
	}
private:
	T Range(ll a, ll b, ll k, ll l, ll r){ //注目ノードk=[l,r)
		if (r<=a || b<=l) return e; //完全に外
		if (a<=l && r<=b) return node[k];//完全に含まれる
		return ope(Range(a, b, k*2+1, l, (l+r)/2), Range(a, b, k*2+2, (l+r)/2, r));
	}
};


void solve()
{
	ll N; cin >> N;
	string S; cin >> S;
	ll Q; cin >> Q;
	//auto q = cinv3(Q);

	vll iniv(N);

	REP(i, N){
		ll sIdx = (ll)(S[i]-'a');
		iniv[i] = BitOn(iniv[i], sIdx);
	}
	SegmentTree<ll> sgt(
		iniv,
		0LL,
		[](ll x, ll y){return x | y; }
	);
	//sgt.Dump();

	REP(j, Q){
		ll a; cin >> a;
		if (a == 1){
			ll i; cin >> i;
			char c; cin >> c;
			i--;
			ll cIdx = (ll)c-'a';
			sgt.Set(i, 1LL<<cIdx);
			//sgt.Dump();
		}
		else {//a==2
			ll l, r; cin >> l >> r;
			l--; r--;
			ll ret = sgt.Range(l, r+1);
			ll ans = MaskNum(ret);
			cout << ans << '\n';
		}
	}
}


int main(){
	solve();
	return 0;
}