Problem:
Score : 700 points

Problem Statement

You are given an integer N.
Build an undirected graph with N vertices with indices 1 to N that satisfies the following two conditions:

The graph is simple and connected.

There exists an integer S such that, for every vertex, the sum of the indices of the vertices adjacent to that vertex is S.

It can be proved that at least one such graph exists under the constraints of this problem.

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

3 \leq N \leq 100

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N

Output

In the first line, print the number of edges, M, in the graph you made. In the i-th of the following M lines, print two integers a_i and b_i, representing the endpoints of the i-th edge.

The output will be judged correct if the graph satisfies the conditions.

Sample Input 1

3

Sample Output 1

2
1 3
2 3

For every vertex, the sum of the indices of the vertices adjacent to that vertex is 3.

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

/*temp*/
//
//
//
//
//#undef _DEBUG
//#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
//不動小数点の計算高速化
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native")
//#include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp>

#ifdef _DEBUG
#include "template.h"
#else
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
/*Atcoderでしか使えない(c++17 && このテンプレートが使えるならAtcoder)*/
#include <boost/sort/pdqsort/pdqsort.hpp>
#define fast_sort boost::sort::pdqsort
#endif
#endif


#ifndef _DEBUG
#ifndef UNTITLED15_TEMPLATE_H
#define UNTITLED15_TEMPLATE_H

#ifdef _DEBUG
#include "bits_stdc++.h"
#else
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#endif

#ifndef fast_sort
#define fast_sort sort
#endif


//#define use_pq
#define use_for
#define use_for_each
#define use_sort
#define use_fill
#define use_rand
#define use_mgr
#define use_rui
#define use_compress
//
//
//
//
//
//
#define use_pbds
#ifdef use_pbds
#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
template<class T, class U, class W, class X> auto count(__gnu_pbds::gp_hash_table<T, U, W> &a, X k) { return a.find(k) != a.end(); }
#endif

using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

/*@formatter:off*/
#define ll long long
using sig_dou = double;

//マクロ省略形 関数等
#define arsz(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]))
#define sz(a) ((ll)(a).size())
#define mp make_pair
#define mt make_tuple
#define pb pop_back
#define pf push_front
#define eb emplace_back
#define ALL(a) (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define RALL(a) (a).rbegin(),(a).rend()


template<class T,class U> auto max(T a, U b){return a>b ? a: b;}
template<class T,class U> auto min(T a, U b){return a<b ? a: b;}
//optional<T>について下でオーバーロード(nullopt_tを左辺右辺について単位元として扱う)
template<class T, class U> bool chma(T &a, const U &b) {    if (a < b) {        a = b;        return true;    }    return false;}
template<class T, class U> bool chmi(T &a, const U &b) {    if (b < a) {        a = b;        return true;    }    return false;}

//メタ系 meta
namespace{//helper
    template<class T>T s_decl2(const T& A){return A;}template<class T>auto s_decl2(const vector<T>& A){return s_decl2(A[0]);}
}
//vector<T>でTを返す
#define decl_t(A) decltype(A)::value_type


//vector<vector<.....T>>でTを返す
#define decl2(A) decltype(s_decl2(A))
//#define decl_max(a, b) decltype(max(MAX<decltype(a)>(), MAX<decltype(b)>()))
#define is_same2(T, U) is_same<T, U>::value
template<class T>struct is_vector : std::false_type{};
template<class T>struct is_vector<std::vector<T>> : std::true_type{};

//大きい型を返す max_type<int, char>::type
//todo mintがlong long より小さいと判定されるためバグる
template<class T1, class T2, bool t1_bigger = (sizeof(T1) > sizeof(T2))>struct max_type{typedef T1 type;};
template<class T1, class T2> struct max_type<T1, T2, false>{typedef T2 type;};
template<typename T, typename U = typename T::value_type>std::true_type value_type_tester(signed);
template<typename T>std::false_type value_type_tester(long);

template<typename T>struct has_value_type: decltype(value_type_tester<T>(0)){};

template<class T> struct vec_rank : integral_constant<int, 0> {};
template<class T> struct vec_rank<vector<T>> : integral_constant<int, vec_rank<T>{} + 1> {};

//N個のTを並べたtupleを返す
//tuple_n<3, int>::type  tuple<int, int, int>
template<size_t N, class T, class... Arg> struct tuple_n{typedef typename tuple_n<N-1, T, T,  Arg...>::type type;};
template<class T, class...Arg> struct tuple_n<0, T, Arg...>{typedef tuple<Arg...> type;};

struct dummy_t1{};struct dummy_t2{};
struct dummy_t3{};struct dummy_t4{};
struct dummy_t5{};struct dummy_t6{};
//template<class T, require(is_integral<T>::value)>など
#define require_t(bo) enable_if_t<bo>* = nullptr

//複数でオーバーロードする場合、引数が同じだとうまくいかないため
//require_arg(bool, dummy_t1)
//require_arg(bool, dummy_t2)等とする
#define require_arg1(bo) enable_if_t<bo> * = nullptr
#define require_arg2(bo, dummy_type) enable_if_t<bo, dummy_type> * = nullptr
#define require_arg(...) over2(__VA_ARGS__,require_arg2,require_arg1)(__VA_ARGS__)
//->//enable_if_tのtを書き忘れそうだから
#define require_ret(bo, ret_type) enable_if_t<bo, ret_type>

#define int long long //todo 消したら動かない intの代わりにsignedを使う
auto start_time = system_clock::now();
auto past_time = system_clock::now();

#define debugName(VariableName) # VariableName
//最大引数がN
#define over2(o1, o2, name, ...) name
#define over3(o1, o2, o3, name, ...) name
#define over4(o1, o2, o3, o4, name, ...) name
#define over5(o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, name, ...) name
#define over6(o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, name, ...) name
#define over7(o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, name, ...) name
#define over8(o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, o8, name, ...) name
#define over9(o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, o8, o9, name, ...) name
#define over10(o1, o2, o3, o4, o5, o6, o7, o8, o9, o10, name, ...) name


void assert2(bool b,const string& s = ""){    if(!b){        cerr<<s<<endl;        exit(1);/*assert(0);*/    }}

//my_nulloptをあらゆる操作の単位元的な物として扱う
//vectorの参照外時に返したり、右辺値として渡されたときに何もしないなど
struct my_nullopt_t {} my_nullopt;
#define nullopt_t my_nullopt_t
#define nullopt my_nullopt
/*@formatter:off*/
//値が無いときは、setを使わない限り代入できない
//=を使っても無視される
template<class T> struct my_optional {
private:
    bool is_null;
    T v;
public:
    typedef T value_type ;
    my_optional() : is_null(true) {}
    my_optional(const nullopt_t&) : is_null(true) {}
    my_optional(const T& v) : v(v), is_null(false) {}
    bool has_value() const { return !is_null; }
    T &value() { static string mes = "optional has no value";assert2(!is_null, mes);return v;}
    const T &value() const { static string mes = "optional has no value";assert2(!is_null, mes);return v;}
    void set(const T &nv) {is_null = false;v = nv;}
    template<class U> void operator=(const U &v) {if (has_value())value() = v;else return;}
    template<class U> void operator=(const my_optional<U> &v) {if (has_value() && v.has_value())(*this) = v;else return;}
    void reset() { is_null = true; }
    void operator=(const nullopt_t &) { reset(); }
    template<require_t(!is_same2(T, bool))>
    explicit operator bool(){return !is_null;}
    //nullの時はエラー
    operator T&(){return value();}
    operator const T&()const {return value();}
    my_optional<T> operator++() {        if (this->has_value()) {            this->value()++;            return *this;        } else {            return *this;        }    }
    my_optional<T> operator++(signed) {        if (this->has_value()) {            auto tem = *this;            this->value()++;            return tem;        } else {            return *this;        }    }
    my_optional<T> operator--() {        if (this->has_value()) {            this->value()--;            return *this;        } else {            return *this;        }    }
    my_optional<T> operator--(signed) {        if (this->has_value()) {            auto tem = *this;            this->value()--;            return tem;        } else {            return *this;        }    }
};
template<class T>istream &operator>>(istream &iss, my_optional<T>& v) {    T val;    iss>>val;    v.set(val);    return iss;}


#define optional my_optional
template<class T>
using opt = my_optional<T>;
//template<class T, class A = std::allocator<T>> struct debtor : std::vector<T, A> {
template<class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>, class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key, T> >>
struct o_map : std::map<Key, optional<T>, Compare, Allocator> {
    optional<T> emp;
    o_map() : std::map<Key, optional<T>, Compare, Allocator>() {}
    auto operator()(const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
    optional<T> &operator()(const optional<Key> &k) {if (k.has_value()) {return std::map<Key, optional<T>, Compare, Allocator>::operator[](k.value());} else {emp.reset();return emp;}}
    optional<T> &operator()(const Key &k) {        auto &v = std::map<Key, optional<T>, Compare, Allocator>::operator[](k);        if (v.has_value())return v;        else {            v.set(0);            return v;        }    }
    template<class U> void operator[](U){static string mes = "s_map cant []";assert2(0, mes);}
};
//以下、空のoptionalをnulloptと書く
//ov[-1(参照外)] でnulloptを返す
//ov[nullopt] で nulloptをかえす

template<class T> struct ov{
    optional<T> emp;
    vector<optional<T>> v;
    ov(int i = 0, T val = 0):v(i, val){}
    template<class U>ov(const U& rhs){v.resize(sz(rhs));for (int i  = 0; i  < sz(rhs); i ++)v[i].set(rhs[i]);}
    optional<T> &operator()(int i) {if (i < 0 || sz(v) <= i) {emp.reset();return emp;} else { return v[i]; }}
    optional<T> &operator()(const nullopt_t &) {        return operator()(-1);    }
    optional<T> &operator()(const optional<T> &i) {        if (i.has_value())return operator()(i.value());        else {            return operator()(-1);        }    }
/*@formatter:off*/
};
template<class T>string deb_tos(const ov<T>& v){
    return deb_tos(v.v);
}

//vectorに対しての処理は.vを呼ぶ
template<class T> class ovv{
    optional<T> emp;
public:
    vector<vector<optional<T>> > v ;
    ovv(int i=0, int j=0, T val = 0) : v(i, vector<optional<T>>(j, val) ){}
    optional<T> &operator()(int i, int j) {        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || sz(v) <= i || sz(v[i]) <= j) {            return emp;        }        else { return v[i][j]; }    }
    //再帰ver 遅いと思う
//    optional<T>& gets(optional<T>& v){return v;}
//    template<class V, class H, class... U> optional<T>& gets(V& v, H i, U... tail){        if constexpr(is_same2(H, nullopt_t))return operator()(-1,-1);        else if constexpr(is_same2(H, optional<int>)){            if(i.has_value())return gets(v[(int)i], tail...);            else return operator()(-1,-1);        }else if constexpr(is_integral<H>::value){            return gets(v[(int)i], tail...);        }else{            assert(0);            return emp;        }    }
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
    //if constexprバージョン 上が遅かったらこれで
    template<class U, class V> optional<T> &operator()(const U &i, const V &j) {        /*駄目な場合を除外*/        if constexpr(is_same2(U, nullopt_t) || is_same2(U, nullopt_t)) {            return operator()(-1, -1);            /* o, o*/        } else if constexpr(is_same2(U, optional<int>) && is_same2(V, optional<int>)) {            return operator()(i.has_value() ? (int) i : -1, j.has_value() ? (int) j : -1);            /* o, x*/        } else if constexpr(is_same2(U, optional<int>)) {            return operator()(i.has_value() ? (int) i : -1, (int) j);            /* x, o*/        } else if constexpr(is_same2(V, optional<int>)) {            return operator()((int) i, j.has_value() ? (int) j : -1);            /* x, x*/        } else {            return operator()((int) i, (int) j);        }    }
#endif
    operator const vector<vector<optional<T>> >&(){
        return v;
    }
};
template<class T>istream &operator>>(istream &iss, ovv<T> &a) {    for (int h  = 0; h  < sz(a); h ++){        for (int w  = 0; w  < sz(a[h]); w ++){            iss>>a.v[h][w ];        }    }    return iss;}

template<class T>string deb_tos(const ovv<T>& v){
    return deb_tos(v.v);
}
template<class T> struct ov3{
    optional<T> emp;
    vector<vector<vector<optional<T>>> > v ;
    ov3(int i, int j, int k, T val = 0) : v(i, vector<vector<optional<T>>>(j, vector<optional<T>>(k, val) ) ){}
    optional<T> &operator()(int i, int j, int k) {        if (i < 0 || j < 0 || sz(v) <= i || sz(v[i]) <= j) {            if(k < 0 || sz(v[i][j]) <= k){                emp.reset();                return emp;            }        }        return v[i][j][k];    }
private:
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
    //再帰ver 遅いと思う
    template<class V, class H> optional<T> &gets(V &nowv, H i) {        if constexpr(is_same2(H, nullopt_t)) {            return emp;        } else if constexpr(is_same2(H, optional<int>)) {            if (i.has_value()) {                return nowv[(int) i];            } else {                return emp;            }        } else if constexpr(is_integral<H>::value) {            return nowv[(int) i];        } else {            static string mes = "ov3 error not index";assert2(0, mes);            return emp;        }    }
    //todo const &消した
    template<class V, class H, class... U> optional<T> &gets(V &nowv, H i, U... tail) {        if constexpr(is_same2(H, nullopt_t)) {            return emp;        } else if constexpr(is_same2(H, optional<int>)) {            if (i.has_value()) {                return gets(nowv[(int) i], tail...);            } else {                return emp;            }        } else if constexpr(is_integral<H>::value) {            return gets(nowv[(int) i], tail...);        } else {            static string mes = "ov3 error not index";assert2(0, mes);            return emp;        }    }
#endif
public:
    template<class U, class V, class W> optional<T> &operator()(U i, V j, W k) {        return gets(v, i, j, k);    }
/*@formatter:off*/
};
template<class T>string deb_tos(const ov3<T>& v){
    return deb_tos(v.v);
}
//nullopt_t
//優先順位
//null, [opt, tem]

// + と += は違う意味を持つ
//val+=null : val
//val+null  : null
//
//+は途中計算
//+=は最終的に格納したい値にだけ持たせる
//+=がvoidを返すのは、途中計算で使うのを抑制するため

//nulloptを考慮する際、計算途中では+を使ってnulloptを作り
//格納する際は+=で無効にする必要がある

//演算子==
//optional<int>(10) == 10

//全ての型に対応させ、value_typeが等しいかを見るようにするのもありかも

//null同士を比較する状況はおかしいのではないか
bool operator==(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&){assert2(0, "nul == null  cant hikaku");return false;}
template<class T> bool operator==(const nullopt_t &, const T&){return false;}
template<class T> bool operator!=(const nullopt_t &, const T&){return true;}
template<class T> bool operator==(const T&, const nullopt_t &){return false;}
template<class T> bool operator!=(const T&, const nullopt_t &){return true;}
//nullを

nullopt_t& operator +(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator -(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator *(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator /(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator +=(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator -=(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator *=(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}
nullopt_t& operator /=(const nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t&) {return nullopt;}

template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator+(const nullopt_t&, const ANY &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator-(const nullopt_t&, const ANY &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator*(const nullopt_t&, const ANY &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator/(const nullopt_t&, const ANY &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator+(const ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator-(const ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator*(const ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {return nullopt;}
template<class ANY> nullopt_t operator/(const ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {return nullopt;}

template<class ANY> void operator+=(nullopt_t &, const ANY &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator-=(nullopt_t &, const ANY &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator*=(nullopt_t &, const ANY &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator/=(nullopt_t &, const ANY &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator+=(ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator-=(ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator*=(ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {}
template<class ANY> void operator/=(ANY &, const nullopt_t &) {}

template<class T>struct is_optional:false_type{};
template<class T>struct is_optional<optional<T>>:true_type{};
template<class T, class U>
true_type both_optional(optional<T> t, optional<U> u);
false_type both_optional(...);

template<class T, class U> class opt_check : public decltype(both_optional(declval<T>(), declval<U>())) {};

//optionalは同じ型同士しか足せない
//(o, t), (t, o), (o, o)
#define opt_tem(op) \
template<class O, class O_ret = decltype(declval<O>() op declval<O>())>optional<O_ret> operator op(const optional<O> &opt1, const optional<O> &opt2) {    if (!opt1.has_value() || !opt2.has_value()) { return optional<O_ret>(); }    else {        return optional<O_ret>(opt1.value() op opt2.value());    }}\
template<class O, class T, class O_ret = decltype(declval<O>() op declval<O>())> auto operator op(const optional<O> &opt, const T &tem) -> require_ret(!(opt_check<optional<O>, T>::value), optional<O_ret>) {    if (!opt.has_value()) { return optional<O_ret>(); }    else {        return optional<O_ret>(opt.value() op tem);    }}\
template<class O, class T, class O_ret = decltype(declval<O>() op declval<O>())> auto operator op(const T &tem, const optional<O> &opt) -> require_ret(!(opt_check<optional<O>, T>::value), optional<O_ret>) {    if (!opt.has_value()) { return optional<O_ret>(); }    else {        return optional<O_ret>(opt.value() op tem);    }}
/*@formatter:off*/
opt_tem(+)opt_tem(-)opt_tem(*)opt_tem(/)
//比較はoptional<bool>を返す
opt_tem(<)opt_tem(>)opt_tem(<=)opt_tem(>=)

/*@formatter:on*//*@formatter:off*/

template<class O, class T> bool operator==(const optional<O>& opt, const T& tem){if(opt.has_value()){return opt.value()==tem;}else return nullopt == tem;}
template<class O, class T> bool operator!=(const optional<O>& opt, const T& tem){if(opt.has_value()){return opt.value()!=tem;}else return nullopt != tem;}
template<class O, class T> bool operator==(const T& tem, const optional<O>& opt){if(opt.has_value()){return opt.value()==tem;}else return nullopt == tem;}
template<class O, class T> bool operator!=(const T& tem, const optional<O>& opt){if(opt.has_value()){return opt.value()!=tem;}else return nullopt != tem;}


template<class O> bool operator==(const optional<O>& opt1, const optional<O>& opt2){    if(opt1.has_value() != opt2.has_value()){        return false;    }else if(opt1.has_value()){        return opt1.value() == opt2.value();    }else {        return nullopt == nullopt;    }}
template<class O> bool operator!=(const optional<O>& opt1, const optional<O>& opt2){return !(opt1 == opt2);}

//(a+=null) != (a=a+null)
// a            null
template<class T, class O> void operator+=(T &tem, const optional<O> &opt) { if (opt.has_value()) { tem += opt.value(); }}
template<class T, class O> void operator-=(T &tem, const optional<O> &opt) { if (opt.has_value()) { tem -= opt.value(); }}
template<class T, class O> void operator*=(T &tem, const optional<O> &opt) { if (opt.has_value()) { tem *= opt.value(); }}
template<class T, class O> void operator/=(T &tem, const optional<O> &opt) { if (opt.has_value()) { tem /= opt.value(); }}

template<class T, class O> void operator+=(optional<O> &opt, const T &tem) { if (opt.has_value()) { opt.value() += tem; }}
template<class T, class O> void operator-=(optional<O> &opt, const T &tem) { if (opt.has_value()) { opt.value() -= tem; }}
template<class T, class O> void operator*=(optional<O> &opt, const T &tem) { if (opt.has_value()) { opt.value() *= tem; }}
template<class T, class O> void operator/=(optional<O> &opt, const T &tem) { if (opt.has_value()) { opt.value() /= tem; }}
//
template<class Ol, class Or> void operator+=(optional<Ol> &opl, const optional<Or> &opr) { if (opr.has_value()) { return opl += opr.value(); }}
template<class Ol, class Or> void operator-=(optional<Ol> &opl, const optional<Or> &opr) { if (opr.has_value()) { return opl -= opr.value(); }}
template<class Ol, class Or> void operator*=(optional<Ol> &opl, const optional<Or> &opr) { if (opr.has_value()) { return opl *= opr.value(); }}
template<class Ol, class Or> void operator/=(optional<Ol> &opl, const optional<Or> &opr) { if (opr.has_value()) { return opl /= opr.value(); }}

/*@formatter:off*/

template<class U> auto max(const nullopt_t &, const U &val) { return val; }
template<class U> auto max(const U &val, const nullopt_t &) { return val; }
template<class U> auto min(const nullopt_t &, const U &val) { return val; }
template<class U> auto min(const U &val, const nullopt_t &) { return val; }

template<class T, class U> auto max(const optional<T> &opt, const U &val) { if (opt.has_value())return max(opt.value(), val); else return val; }
template<class T, class U> auto max(const U &val, const optional<T> &opt) { if (opt.has_value())return max(opt.value(), val); else return val; }
template<class T, class U> auto min(const optional<T> &opt, const U &val) { if (opt.has_value())return min(opt.value(), val); else return val; }
template<class T, class U> auto min(const U &val, const optional<T> &opt) { if (opt.has_value())return min(opt.value(), val); else return val; }

//null , optional, T
bool chma(nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t &) { return false; }
template<class T> bool chma(T &opt, const nullopt_t &) { return false; }
template<class T> bool chma(nullopt_t &, const T &opt) { return false; }
template<class T> bool chma(optional<T> &olv, const optional<T> &orv) { if (orv.has_value()) { return chma(olv, orv.value()); } else return false; }
template<class T, class U> bool chma(optional<T> &opt, const U &rhs) { if (opt.has_value()) { return chma(opt.value(), rhs); } else return false; }
template<class T, class U> bool chma(T &lhs, const optional<U> &opt) { if (opt.has_value()) { return chma(lhs, opt.value()); } else return false; }

bool chmi(nullopt_t &, const nullopt_t &) { return false; }
template<class T> bool chmi(T &opt, const nullopt_t &) { return false; }
template<class T> bool chmi(nullopt_t &, const T &opt) { return false; }
template<class T> bool chmi(optional<T> &olv, const optional<T> &orv) { if (orv.has_value()) { return chmi(olv, orv.value()); } else return false; }
template<class T, class U> bool chmi(optional<T> &opt, const U &rhs) { if (opt.has_value()) { return chmi(opt.value(), rhs); } else return false; }
template<class T, class U> bool chmi(T &lhs, const optional<U> &opt) { if (opt.has_value()) { return chmi(lhs, opt.value()); } else return false; }


template<class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, optional<T> p) {    if (p.has_value())os << p.value(); else os << "e";    return os;}

struct xorshift {
    /*@formatter:on*/
    static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
        x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
        x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
        x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
        return x ^ (x >> 31);
    }
    /*@formatter:off*/
    size_t operator()(const uint64_t& x) const {        static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();        return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);    }
    size_t operator()(const std::pair<ll, ll>& x) const {        ll v = ((x.first) << 32) | x.second;        static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();        return splitmix64(v + FIXED_RANDOM);    }
    template<class T, class U> size_t operator()(const std::pair<T, U>& x) const{        static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();        uint64_t hasx = splitmix64(x.first);        uint64_t hasy = splitmix64(x.second + FIXED_RANDOM);        return hasx ^ hasy;    }
    template<class T> size_t operator()(const vector<T> &x) const {        uint64_t has = 0;        static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();        uint64_t rv = splitmix64(FIXED_RANDOM);        for (int i  = 0; i  < sz(x); i ++){            uint64_t v = splitmix64(x[i] + rv);            has ^= v;            rv = splitmix64(rv);        }        return has;    }
};

#ifdef _DEBUG
string message;
string res_mes;
//#define use_debtor
//template<class T, class U, class X> auto count(unordered_map<T, U> &a, X k) { return a.find(k) != a.end(); }

#ifdef use_debtor
//https://marycore.jp/prog/cpp/class-extension-methods/ 違うかも
template<class T, class A = std::allocator<T>> struct debtor : std::vector<T, A> {
    using std::vector<T, A>::vector;
    template<class U> int deb_v(U a, int v) { return v; }
    template<class U> int deb_v(debtor<U> &a, int v = 0) {        cerr << a.size() << " ";        return deb_v(a.at(0), v + 1);    }
    template<class U> void deb_o(U a) { cerr << a << " "; }
    template<class U> void deb_o(debtor<U> &a) {        for (int i = 0; i < min((int) a.size(), 15ll); i++) { deb_o(a[i]); }        if ((int) a.size() > 15) { cerr << "..."; }        cerr << endl;    }
    typename std::vector<T>::reference my_at(typename std::vector<T>::size_type n, vector<int> &ind) {        if (n < 0 || n >= (int) this->size()) {            int siz = (int) this->size();            cerr << "vector size = ";            int dim = deb_v((*this));            cerr << endl;            ind.push_back(n);            cerr << "out index at  ";            for (auto &&i: ind) {                cerr << i << " ";            }            cerr << endl;            cerr << endl;            if (dim <= 2) { deb_o((*this)); }            exit(0);        }        return this->at(n);    }
    typename std::vector<T>::reference operator[](typename std::vector<T>::size_type n) {        if (n < 0 || n >= (int) this->size()) {            int siz = (int) this->size();            cerr << "vector size = ";            int dim = deb_v((*this));            cerr << endl;            cerr << "out index at  " << n << endl;            cerr << endl;            if (dim <= 2) { deb_o((*this)); }            exit(0);        }        return this->at(n);    }
};
#define vector debtor
#endif
#ifdef use_pbds
template<class T> struct my_pbds_tree {
    set<T> s;
    auto begin() { return s.begin(); }
    auto end() { return s.end(); }
    auto rbegin() { return s.rbegin(); }
    auto rend() { return s.rend(); }
    auto empty() { return s.empty(); }
    auto size() { return s.size(); }
    void clear() { s.clear(); }
    template<class U> void insert(U v) { s.insert(v); }
    template<class U> void operator+=(U v) { insert(v); }
    template<class F> auto erase(F v) { return s.erase(v); }
    template<class U> auto find(U v) { return s.find(v); }
    template<class U> auto lower_bound(U v) { return s.lower_bound(v); }
    template<class U> auto upper_bound(U v) { return s.upper_bound(v); }
    auto find_by_order(ll k) {        auto it = s.begin();        for (ll i = 0; i < k; i++)it++;        return it;    }
    auto order_of_key(ll v) {        auto it = s.begin();        ll i = 0;        for (; it != s.end() && *it < v; i++)it++;        return i;    }
};
#define pbds(T) my_pbds_tree<T>
#endif

//区間削除は出来ない
//gp_hash_tableでcountを使えないようにするため
template<class T, class U> struct my_unordered_map { unordered_map<T, U> m; my_unordered_map() {}; auto begin() { return m.begin(); } auto end() { return m.end(); } auto cbegin() { return m.cbegin(); } auto cend() { return m.cend(); } template<class V> auto erase(V v) { return m.erase(v); } void clear() { m.clear(); }    /*countは gp_hash_tableに存在しない*/    /*!= m.end()*/    template<class V> auto find(V v) { return m.find(v); } template<class V> auto &operator[](V n) { return m[n]; }};
template<class K, class V>using umap_f = my_unordered_map<K, V>;
#else
#define endl '\n'
//umapはunorderd_mapになる
//umapiはgp_hash_table

//find_by_order(k) k番目のイテレーター
//order_of_key(k)  k以上が前から何番目か
#define pbds(U) __gnu_pbds::tree<U, __gnu_pbds::null_type, less<U>, __gnu_pbds::rb_tree_tag, __gnu_pbds::tree_order_statistics_node_update>

template<class K, class V>using umap_f = __gnu_pbds::gp_hash_table<K, V, xorshift>;
#endif
#define umapi unordered_map<ll,ll>
#define umapp unordered_map<P,ll>
#define umappp unordered_map<P,P>
#define umapu unordered_map<uint64_t,ll>
#define umapip unordered_map<ll,P>

template<class T, class U, class X> auto count(unordered_map<T, U> &a, X k) { return a.find(k) != a.end(); }
/*@formatter:off*/
#ifdef use_pbds
template<class U, class L> void operator+=(__gnu_pbds::tree<U, __gnu_pbds::null_type, less<U>, __gnu_pbds::rb_tree_tag, __gnu_pbds::tree_order_statistics_node_update> &s, L v) { s.insert(v); }
#endif
//衝突対策
#define ws ws_

//todo 要らないと思う
template<class A, class B, class C> struct T2 { A f;B s;C t;T2() { f = 0, s = 0, t = 0; }T2(A f, B s, C t) : f(f), s(s), t(t) {}bool operator<(const T2 &r) const { return f != r.f ? f < r.f : s != r.s ? s < r.s : t < r.t;        /*return f != r.f ? f > r.f : s != r.s ?n s > r.s : t > r.t; 大きい順 */   } bool operator>(const T2 &r) const { return f != r.f ? f > r.f : s != r.s ? s > r.s : t > r.t;        /*return f != r.f ? f > r.f : s != r.s ? s > r.s : t > r.t; 小さい順 */   } bool operator==(const T2 &r) const { return f == r.f && s == r.s && t == r.t; } bool operator!=(const T2 &r) const { return f != r.f || s != r.s || t != r.t; }};
template<class A, class B, class C, class D> struct F2 {
    A a;B b;C c;D d;
    F2() { a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0; }
    F2(A a, B b, C c, D d) : a(a), b(b), c(c), d(d) {}
    bool operator<(const F2 &r) const { return a != r.a ? a < r.a : b != r.b ? b < r.b : c != r.c ? c < r.c : d < r.d;    /*    return a != r.a ? a > r.a : b != r.b ? b > r.b : c != r.c ? c > r.c : d > r.d;*/    }
    bool operator>(const F2 &r) const { return a != r.a ? a > r.a : b != r.b ? b > r.b : c != r.c ? c > r.c : d > r.d;/*        return a != r.a ? a < r.a : b != r.b ? b < r.b : c != r.c ? c < r.c : d < r.d;*/    }
    bool operator==(const F2 &r) const { return a == r.a && b == r.b && c == r.c && d == r.d; }
    bool operator!=(const F2 &r) const { return a != r.a || b != r.b || c != r.c || d != r.d; }
    ll operator[](ll i) {assert(i < 4);return i == 0 ? a : i == 1 ? b : i == 2 ? c : d;}
};
typedef T2<ll, ll, ll> T;
typedef F2<ll, ll, ll, ll> F;
//T mt(ll a, ll b, ll c) { return T(a, b, c); }
//F mf(ll a, ll b, ll c, ll d) { return F(a, b, c, d); }

//関数内をまとめる
//初期値l=-1, r=-1
void set_lr12(int &l, int &r, int n) {    /*r==-1*/    if (r == -1) {        if (l == -1) {            l = 0;            r = n;        } else {            r = l;            l = 0;        }    }}
//@マクロ省略系 型,構造
//using で元のdoubleを同時に使えるはず
#define double_big

#ifdef double_big
#define double long double
//#define pow powl
#endif
using dou = double;

/*@formatter:off*/
template<class T> T MAX() { return numeric_limits<T>::max(); }
template<class T> T MIN() { return numeric_limits<T>::min(); }
constexpr ll inf = (ll) 1e9 + 100;
constexpr ll linf = (ll) 1e18 + 100;
constexpr dou dinf = (dou) linf * linf;
constexpr char infc = '{';
const string infs = "{";

template<class T> T INF() { return MAX<T>() / 2; }
template<> signed INF() { return inf; }
template<> ll INF() { return linf; }
template<> double INF() { return dinf; }
template<> char INF() { return infc; }
template<> string INF() { return infs; }

const double eps = 1e-9;

//#define use_epsdou
#ifdef use_epsdou
//基本コメントアウト
struct epsdou {    double v;    epsdou(double v = 0) : v(v) {}    template<class T> epsdou &operator+=(T b) {        v += (double) b;        return (*this);    }    template<class T> epsdou &operator-=(T b) {        v -= (double) b;        return (*this);    }    template<class T> epsdou &operator*=(T b) {        v *= (double) b;        return (*this);    }    template<class T> epsdou &operator/=(T b) {        v /= (double) b;        return (*this);    }    epsdou operator+(epsdou b) { return v + (double) b; }    epsdou operator-(epsdou b) { return v - (double) b; }    epsdou operator*(epsdou b) { return v * (double) b; }    epsdou operator/(epsdou b) { return v / (double) b; }    epsdou operator-() const { return epsdou(-v); }    template<class T> bool operator<(T b) { return v < (double) b; }    template<class T> bool operator>(T b) {auto r = (double)b;        return v > (double) b; }    template<class T> bool operator==(T b) { return fabs(v - (double) b) <= eps; }    template<class T> bool operator<=(T b) { return v < (double) b || fabs(v - b) <= eps; }    template<class T> bool operator>=(T b) { return v > (double) b || fabs(v - b) <= eps; }    operator double() { return v; }};
template<>epsdou MAX(){return MAX<double>();}
template<>epsdou MIN(){return MIN<double>();}
//priqrity_queue等で使うのに必要
bool operator<(const epsdou &a, const epsdou &b) {return a.v < b.v;}
bool operator>(const epsdou &a, const epsdou &b) {return a.v > b.v;}
istream &operator>>(istream &iss, epsdou &a) {iss >> a.v;return iss;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, epsdou &a) {os << a.v;return os;}
#define eps_conr_t(o) template<class T> epsdou operator o(T a, epsdou b) {return (dou) a o b.v;}
#define eps_conl_t(o) template<class T> epsdou operator o(epsdou a, T b) {return a.v o (dou) b;}
eps_conl_t(+)eps_conl_t(-)eps_conl_t(*)eps_conl_t(/)eps_conr_t(+)eps_conr_t(-)eps_conr_t(*)eps_conr_t(/)
//template<class U> epsdou max(epsdou a, U b){return a.v>b ? a.v: b;}
//template<class U> epsdou max(U a, epsdou b){return a>b.v ? a: b.v;}
//template<class U> epsdou min(epsdou a, U b){return a.v<b ? a.v: b;}
//template<class U> epsdou min(U a, epsdou b){return a<b.v ? a: b.v;}
#undef double
#define double epsdou
#undef dou
#define dou epsdou
#endif

template<class T = int, class A, class B = int> auto my_pow(A a, B b = 2) {
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
    if constexpr(is_floating_point<T>::value) { return pow((T) a, (T) b); }
    else if constexpr(is_floating_point<A>::value) { assert2(0, "pow <not dou>(dou, )");/*return 0;しない方がコンパイル前に(voidを受け取るので)エラーが出ていいかも*/}
    else if constexpr(is_floating_point<B>::value) { assert2(0, "pow <not dou>(, dou)");/*return 0;しない方がコンパイル前に(voidを受け取るので)エラーが出ていいかも*/}
    else {
#endif
        T ret = 1;        T bek = a;        while (b) {            if (b & 1)ret *= bek;            bek *= bek;            b >>= 1;        }        return ret;
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
    }
#endif
}
#define pow my_pow

#define ull unsigned long long
using itn = int;
using str = string;
using bo= bool;
#define au auto
using P = pair<ll, ll>;

#define fi first
#define se second
#define beg begin
#define rbeg rbegin
#define con continue
#define bre break
#define brk break
#define is ==
#define el else
#define elf else if
#define upd update
#define sstream stringstream

#define maxq 1
#define minq -1

#define ZERO(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
#define MINUS(a) memset(a,0xff,sizeof(a))
#define MALLOC(type, len) (type*)malloc((len) * sizeof(type))
#define lam1(ret) [&](auto&& v){return ret;}
#define lam2(v, ret) [&](auto&& v){return ret;}
#define lam(...) over2(__VA_ARGS__,lam2,lam1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define lamr(right) [&](auto&& p){return p right;}
#define unique(v) v.erase( unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end() );

//マクロ省略系 コンテナ
using vi = vector<ll>;
using vb = vector<bool>;
using vs = vector<string>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using vc = vector<char>;
using vp = vector<P>;
using vt = vector<T>;

//#define V vector
#define vvt0(t) vector<vector<t>>
#define vvt1(t, a) vector<vector<t>>a
#define vvt2(t, a, b) vector<vector<t>>a(b)
#define vvt3(t, a, b, c) vector<vector<t>> a(b,vector<t>(c))
#define vvt4(t, a, b, c, d) vector<vector<t>> a(b,vector<t>(c,d))

#define vvi(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(ll,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vvb(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(bool,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vvs(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(string,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vvd(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(double,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vvc(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(char,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vvp(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(P,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vvt(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(T,__VA_ARGS__)
#define vv(type, ...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,vvt4,vvt3,vvt2 ,vvt1,vvt0)(type,__VA_ARGS__)

template<typename T> vector<T> make_v(size_t a) { return vector<T>(a); }
template<typename T, typename... Ts> auto make_v(size_t a, Ts... ts) {return vector<decltype(make_v<T>(ts...))>(a, make_v<T>(ts...));}
#define vni(name, ...) auto name = make_v<ll>(__VA_ARGS__)
#define vnb(name, ...) auto name = make_v<bool>(__VA_ARGS__)
#define vns(name, ...) auto name = make_v<string>(__VA_ARGS__)
#define vnd(name, ...) auto name = make_v<double>(__VA_ARGS__)
#define vnc(name, ...) auto name = make_v<char>(__VA_ARGS__)
#define vnp(name, ...) auto name = make_v<P>(__VA_ARGS__)
#define vn(type, name, ...) auto name = make_v<type>(__VA_ARGS__)

#define PQ priority_queue<ll, vector<ll>, greater<ll> >
#define tos to_string
using mapi = map<ll, ll>;
using mapp = map<P, ll>;
using mapd = map<dou, ll>;
using mapc = map<char, ll>;
using maps = map<str, ll>;
using seti = set<ll>;
using setp = set<P>;
using setd = set<dou>;
using setc = set<char>;
using sets = set<str>;
using qui = queue<ll>;
#define uset unordered_set
#define useti unordered_set<ll,xorshift>
#define mset multiset
#define mseti multiset<ll>
#define umap unordered_map
#define mmap multimap
//任意のマクロサポート用 使う度に初期化する
int index_, v1_, v2_, v3_;

/*@formatter:off*/
string to_string(char c) {    string ret = "";    ret += c;    return ret;}
template<class T> class pq_min_max {    vector<T> d;    void make_heap() {        for (int i = d.size(); i--;) {            if (i & 1 && d[i - 1] < d[i]) swap(d[i - 1], d[i]);            int k = down(i);            up(k, i);        }    }    inline int parent(int k) const { return ((k >> 1) - 1) & ~1; }    int down(int k) {        int n = d.size();        if (k & 1) { /* min heap*/            while (2 * k + 1 < n) {                int c = 2 * k + 3;                if (n <= c || d[c - 2] < d[c]) c -= 2;                if (c < n && d[c] < d[k]) {                    swap(d[k], d[c]);                    k = c;                }                else break;            }        }        else { /* max heap*/            while (2 * k + 2 < n) {                int c = 2 * k + 4;                if (n <= c || d[c] < d[c - 2]) c -= 2;                if (c < n && d[k] < d[c]) {                    swap(d[k], d[c]);                    k = c;                }                else break;            }        }        return k;    }    int up(int k, int root = 1) {        if ((k | 1) < (int) d.size() && d[k & ~1] < d[k | 1]) {            swap(d[k & ~1], d[k | 1]);            k ^= 1;        }        int p;        while (root < k && d[p = parent(k)] < d[k]) { /*max heap*/            swap(d[p], d[k]);            k = p;        }        while (root < k && d[k] < d[p = parent(k) | 1]) { /* min heap*/            swap(d[p], d[k]);            k = p;        }        return k;    }public:    pq_min_max() {}    pq_min_max(const vector<T> &d_) : d(d_) { make_heap(); }    template<class Iter> pq_min_max(Iter first, Iter last) : d(first, last) { make_heap(); }    void operator+=(const T &x) {        int k = d.size();        d.push_back(x);        up(k);    }    void pop_min() {        if (d.size() < 3u) { d.pop_back(); }        else {            swap(d[1], d.back());            d.pop_back();            int k = down(1);            up(k);        }    }    void pop_max() {        if (d.size() < 2u) { d.pop_back(); }        else {            swap(d[0], d.back());            d.pop_back();            int k = down(0);            up(k);        }    }    const T &get_min() const { return d.size() < 2u ? d[0] : d[1]; }    const T &get_max() const { return d[0]; }    int size() const { return d.size(); }    bool empty() const { return d.empty(); }};
//小さいほうからM個取得するpq
template<class T> struct helper_pq_size {    pq_min_max<T> q;    T su = 0;    int max_size = 0;    helper_pq_size() {}    helper_pq_size(int max_size) : max_size(max_size) {}    void clear() {        q = pq_min_max<T>();        su = 0;    }    void operator+=(T v) {        su += v;        q += (v);        if (sz(q) > max_size) {            su -= q.get_max();            q.pop_max();        }    }    T sum() { return su; }    T top() { return q.get_min(); }    void pop() {        su -= q.get_min();        q.pop_min();    }    T poll() {        T ret = q.get_min();        su -= ret;        q.pop_min();        return ret;    }    ll size() { return q.size(); }};
//大きいほうからM個取得するpq
template<class T> struct helper_pqg_size {    pq_min_max<T> q;    T su = 0;    int max_size = 0;    helper_pqg_size() {}    helper_pqg_size(int max_size) : max_size(max_size) {}    void clear() {        q = pq_min_max<T>();        su = 0;    }    void operator+=(T v) {        su += v;        q += (v);        if (sz(q) > max_size) {            su -= q.get_min();            q.pop_min();        }    }    T sum() { return su; }    T top() { return q.get_max(); }    void pop() {        su -= q.get_max();        q.pop_max();    }    T poll() {        T ret = q.get_max();        su -= ret;        q.pop_min();        return ret;    }    ll size() { return q.size(); }};;

template<class T, class Container = vector<T>,class Compare = std::less<typename Container::value_type>>
struct helper_pqg {    priority_queue<T, Container, Compare> q;/*小さい順*/    T su = 0;    helper_pqg() {}    void clear() {        q = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> >();        su = 0;    }    void operator+=(T v) {        su += v;        q.push(v);    }    T sum() { return su; }    T top() { return q.top(); }    void pop() {        su -= q.top();        q.pop();    }    T poll() {        T ret = q.top();        su -= ret;        q.pop();        return ret;    }    ll size() { return q.size(); }};
template<class T>
using  helper_pq = helper_pqg<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L

//小さいほうからsize個残る
//Tがoptionalなら空の時nullを返す
template<class T> struct pq {
    helper_pq<T> a_q;/*大きい順*/    helper_pq_size<T> b_q;/*大きい順*/    bool aquery;
    T su = 0;
    pq(int size = inf) {aquery = size == inf;if (!aquery) { b_q = helper_pq_size<T>(size); }}
    void clear() { if (aquery) a_q.clear(); else b_q.clear(); }
    void operator+=(T v) { if (aquery) a_q += v; else b_q += v; }
    //optionalなら空の時nullを返す
    T top() {        if constexpr(is_optional<T>::value) {            if (aquery) {                if (sz(a_q) == 0)return T();                return a_q.top();            }            else {                if (sz(b_q) == 0)return T();                return b_q.top();            }        }        else { if (aquery)return a_q.top(); else return b_q.top(); }    }
    T sum() { if (aquery) return a_q.sum(); else return b_q.sum(); }
    //optionalなら空の時何もしない
    void pop() { if constexpr(is_optional<T>::value) { if (aquery) { if (sz(a_q))a_q.pop(); } else { if (sz(b_q))b_q.pop(); }} else { if (aquery)a_q.pop(); else b_q.pop(); }}    /*T*/
    T poll() {        if constexpr(is_optional<T>::value) {            if (aquery) {                if (sz(a_q) == 0)return T();                return a_q.poll();            }            else {                if (sz(b_q) == 0)return T();                return b_q.poll();            }        }        else { if (aquery)return a_q.poll(); else return b_q.poll(); }    }
    ll size() { if (aquery) return a_q.size(); else return b_q.size(); }
    /*@formatter:off*/
};
template<class T> struct pqg {    helper_pqg<T> a_q;/*大きい順*/    helper_pqg_size<T> b_q;/*大きい順*/    bool aquery;    T su = 0;    pqg(int size = inf) {        aquery = size == inf;        if (!aquery) { b_q = helper_pqg_size<T>(size); }    }    void clear() { if (aquery) a_q.clear(); else b_q.clear(); }    void operator+=(T v) { if (aquery) a_q += v; else b_q += v; }    T sum() { if (aquery)return a_q.sum(); else return b_q.sum(); }    T top() { if (aquery) return a_q.top(); else return b_q.top(); }    void pop() { if (aquery) a_q.pop(); else b_q.pop(); }    T poll() { if (aquery) return a_q.poll(); else return b_q.poll(); }    ll size() { if (aquery) return a_q.size(); else return b_q.size(); }};
#else
//小さいほうからsize個残る
template<class T> struct pq {    helper_pq<T> a_q;/*大きい順*/    helper_pq_size<T> b_q;/*大きい順*/    bool aquery;    T su = 0;    pq(int size = inf) {        aquery = size == inf;        if (!aquery) { b_q = helper_pq_size<T>(size); }    }    void clear() { if (aquery) a_q.clear(); else b_q.clear(); }    void operator+=(T v) { if (aquery) a_q += v; else b_q += v; }    T sum() { if (aquery)return a_q.sum(); else return b_q.sum(); }    T top() { if (aquery) return a_q.top(); else return b_q.top(); }    void pop() { if (aquery) a_q.pop(); else b_q.pop(); }    T poll() { if (aquery) return a_q.poll(); else return b_q.poll(); }    ll size() { if (aquery) return a_q.size(); else return b_q.size(); }};
//大きいほうからsize個残る
template<class T> struct pqg {    helper_pqg<T> a_q;/*大きい順*/    helper_pqg_size<T> b_q;/*大きい順*/    bool aquery;    T su = 0;    pqg(int size = inf) {        aquery = size == inf;        if (!aquery) { b_q = helper_pqg_size<T>(size); }    }    void clear() { if (aquery) a_q.clear(); else b_q.clear(); }    void operator+=(T v) { if (aquery) a_q += v; else b_q += v; }    T sum() { if (aquery)return a_q.sum(); else return b_q.sum(); }    T top() { if (aquery) return a_q.top(); else return b_q.top(); }    void pop() { if (aquery) a_q.pop(); else b_q.pop(); }    T poll() { if (aquery) return a_q.poll(); else return b_q.poll(); }    ll size() { if (aquery) return a_q.size(); else return b_q.size(); }};
#endif
#define pqi pq<ll>
#define pqgi pqg<ll>
template<class T> string deb_tos(pq<T> &q) {    vector<T> res;    auto temq = q;    while (sz(temq))res.push_back(temq.top()), temq.pop();    stringstream ss;    ss<< res;    return ss.str();}
template<class T> string deb_tos(pqg<T> &q) {    vector<T> res;    auto temq = q;    while (sz(temq))res.push_back(temq.top()), temq.pop();    stringstream ss;    ss<< res;    return ss.str();}

/*@formatter:off*/
//マクロ 繰り返し
//↓@オーバーロード隔離
//todo 使わないもの非表示
#define rep1(n) for(ll rep1i = 0,rep1lim=n; rep1i < rep1lim ; ++rep1i)
#define rep2(i, n) for(ll i = 0,rep2lim=n; i < rep2lim ; ++i)
#define rep3(i, m, n) for(ll i = m,rep3lim=n; i < rep3lim ; ++i)
#define rep4(i, m, n, ad) for(ll i = m,rep4lim=n; i < rep4lim ; i+= ad)
//逆順 閉区間
#define rer2(i, n) for(ll i = n; i >= 0 ; i--)
#define rer3(i, m, n) for(ll i = m,rer3lim=n; i >= rer3lim ; i--)
#define rer4(i, m, n, dec) for(ll i = m,rer4lim=n; i >= rer4lim ; i-=dec)

#ifdef use_for

//ループを一つにまとめないとフォーマットで汚くなるため
#define nex_ind1(i) i++
#define nex_ind2(i, j, J) i = (j + 1 == J) ? i + 1 : i, j = (j + 1 == J ? 0 : j + 1)
#define nex_ind3(i, j, k, J, K)i = (j + 1 == J && k + 1 == K) ? i + 1 : i, j = (k + 1 == K) ? (j + 1 == J ? 0 : j + 1) : j, k = (k + 1 == K ? 0 : k + 1)
#define nex_ind4(i, j, k, l, J, K, L) i = (j + 1 == J && k + 1 == K && l + 1 == L) ? i + 1 : i, j = (k + 1 == K && l + 1 == L) ? (j + 1 == J ? 0 : j + 1) : j, k = (l + 1 == L ?(k + 1 == K ? 0 : k + 1) : k), l = l + 1 == L ? 0 : l + 1
#define nex_ind5(i, j, k, l, m, J, K, L, M) i = (j + 1 == J && k + 1 == K && l + 1 == L && m + 1 == M) ? i + 1 : i, j = (k + 1 == K && l + 1 == L && m + 1 == M) ? (j + 1 == J ? 0 : j + 1) : j, k = (l + 1 == L && m + 1 == M ?(k + 1 == K ? 0 : k + 1) : k), l =  m + 1 == M ? l+1 == L ? 0 : l+1 : l,  m = m + 1 == M ? 0 : m + 1

#define repss2(i, I) for (int i = 0; i < I; i++)
#define repss4(i, j, I, J) for (int i = (J ? 0 : I), j = 0; i < I; nex_ind2(i, j, J))
#define repss6(i, j, k, I, J, K) for (int i = (J && K ? 0 : I), j = 0, k = 0; i < I; nex_ind3(i, j, k, J, K))
#define repss8(i, j, k, l, I, J, K, L) for (int i = (J && K && L ? 0 : I), j = 0, k = 0, l = 0; i < I; nex_ind4(i, j, k, l, J, K, L))
#define repss10(i, j, k, l, m, I, J, K, L, M)for (int i = (J && K && L && M ? 0 : I), j = 0, k = 0, l = 0, m = 0; i < I; nex_ind5(i, j, k, l, m, J, K, L, M))

//i,j,k...をnまで見る
#define reps2(i, n) repss2(i, n)
#define reps3(i, j, n) repss4(i, j, n, n)
#define reps4(i, j, k, n) repss6(i, j, k, n, n, n)
#define reps5(i, j, k, l, n) repss8(i, j, k, l, n, n, n, n)
template<class T> void nex_repv2(int &i, int &j, int &I, int &J, vector<vector<T>> &s) {    while (1) {        j++;        if (j >= J) {            j = 0;            i++;            if (i < I) { J = (int) s[i].size(); }        }        if (i >= I || J) return;    }}
template<class T> void nex_repv3(int &i, int &j, int &k, int &I, int &J, int &K, vector<vector<vector<T>>> &s) {    while (1) {        k++;        if (k >= K) {            k = 0;            j++;            if (j >= J) {                j = 0;                i++;                if (i >= I)return;            }        }        J = (int) s[i].size();        K = (int) s[i][j].size();        if (J && K) return;    }}

#define repv_2(i, a) repss2(i, sz(a))
//正方形である必要はない
//直前を持つのとどっちが早いか
#define repv_3(i, j, a) for (int repvI = (int)a.size(), repvJ = (int)a[0].size(), i = 0, j = 0; i < repvI; nex_repv2(i,j,repvI,repvJ,a))
//箱状になっている事が要求される つまり[i] 次元目の要素数は一定
#define repv_4(i, j, k, a) for (int repvI = (int)a.size(), repvJ = (int)a[0].size(), repvK =(int)a[0][0].size(), i = 0, j = 0, k=0; i < repvI; nex_repv3(i,j,k,repvI,repvJ,repvK,a))
#define repv_5(i, j, k, l, a) repss8(i, j, k, l, sz(a), sz(a[0]), sz(a[0][0]), sz(a[0][0][0]))
#define repv_6(i, j, k, l, m, a) repss10(i, j, k, l, m, sz(a), sz(a[0]), sz(a[0][0]), sz(a[0][0][0]), sz(a[0][0][0][0]))
#endif

template<typename T> struct has_rbegin_rend { private:template<typename U> static auto check(U &&obj) -> decltype(std::rbegin(obj), std::rend(obj), std::true_type{});static std::false_type check(...);public:static constexpr bool value = decltype(check(std::declval<T>()))::value; };
template<typename T> constexpr bool has_rbegin_rend_v = has_rbegin_rend<T>::value;
template<typename Iterator> class Range { public:Range(Iterator &&begin, Iterator &&end) noexcept: m_begin(std::forward<Iterator>(begin)), m_end(std::forward<Iterator>(end)) {}Iterator begin() const noexcept { return m_begin; }Iterator end() const noexcept { return m_end; }private:const Iterator m_begin;const Iterator m_end; };
template<typename Iterator> static inline Range<Iterator> makeRange(Iterator &&begin, Iterator &&end) noexcept { return Range<Iterator>{std::forward<Iterator>(begin), std::forward<Iterator>(end)}; }
template<typename T> static inline decltype(auto) makeReversedRange(const std::initializer_list<T> &iniList) noexcept { return makeRange(std::rbegin(iniList), std::rend(iniList)); }
template<typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<has_rbegin_rend_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> static inline decltype(auto) makeReversedRange(T &&c) noexcept { return makeRange(std::rbegin(c), std::rend(c)); }/* rbegin(), rend()を持たないものはこっちに分岐させて，エラーメッセージを少なくする*/template<typename T, typename std::enable_if<!has_rbegin_rend<T>::value, std::nullptr_t>::type = nullptr> static inline void makeReversedRange(T &&) noexcept { static_assert(has_rbegin_rend<T>::value, "Specified argument doesn't have reverse iterator."); }

//#define use_for

#define form1(st) for (auto &&form_it = st.begin(); form_it != st.end(); ++form_it)
#define form3(k, v, st) for (auto &&form_it = st.begin(); form_it != st.end(); ++form_it)
#define form4(k, v, st, r) for (auto &&form_it = st.begin(); form_it != st.end() && (*form_it).fi < r; ++form_it)
#define form5(k, v, st, l, r) for (auto &&form_it = st.lower_bound(l); form_it != st.end() && (*form_it).fi < r; ++form_it)

#define forrm1(st) for (auto &&forrm_it = st.rbegin(); forrm_it != st.rend(); ++forrm_it)
#define forrm3(k, v, st) for (auto &&forrm_it = st.rbegin(); forrm_it != st.rend(); ++forrm_it)

//向こう側で
// ++itか it = st.erase(it)とする
#define fors1(st) for (auto &&it = st.begin(); it != st.end(); )
#define fors2(v, st) for (auto &&it = st.begin(); it != st.end(); )
#define fors3(v, st, r) for (auto &&it = st.begin(); it != st.end() && (*it) < r; )
#define fors4(v, st, l, r) for (auto &&it = st.lower_bound(l); it != st.end() && (*it) < r; )

#ifdef use_for
#define forslr3(st, a, b) for (auto &&forslr_it = st.begin(); forslr_it != st.end(); ++forslr_it)
#define forslr4(v, st, a, b) for (auto &&forslr_it = st.begin(); forslr_it != st.end(); ++forslr_it)
#define forslr5(v, st, r, a, b) for (auto &&forslr_it = st.begin(); forslr_it != st.end() && (*forslr_it) < r; ++forslr_it)
#define forslr6(v, st, l, r, a, b) for (auto &&forslr_it = st.lower_bound(l); forslr_it != st.end() && (*forslr_it) < r; ++forslr_it)

#define fora_f_init_2(a, A) ;
#define fora_f_init_3(fora_f_i, a, A) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init_4(a, b, A, B) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i]; auto &&b = B[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init_5(fora_f_i, a, b, A, B) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i]; auto &&b = B[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init_6(a, b, c, A, B, C) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i]; auto &&b = B[fora_f_i]; auto &&c = C[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init_7(fora_f_i, a, b, c, A, B, C) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i]; auto &&b = B[fora_f_i]; auto &&c = C[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init_8(a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i]; auto &&b = B[fora_f_i]; auto &&c = C[fora_f_i]; auto && d = D[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init_9(fora_f_i, a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) auto &&a = A[fora_f_i]; auto &&b = B[fora_f_i]; auto &&c = C[fora_f_i]; auto && d = D[fora_f_i];
#define fora_f_init(...) over9(__VA_ARGS__,fora_f_init_9, fora_f_init_8, fora_f_init_7, fora_f_init_6, fora_f_init_5, fora_f_init_4, fora_f_init_3, fora_f_init_2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define forr_init_2(a, A) auto &&a = A[forr_i];
#define forr_init_3(forr_i, a, A) auto &&a = A[forr_i];
#define forr_init_4(a, b, A, B) auto &&a = A[forr_i]; auto &&b = B[forr_i];
#define forr_init_5(forr_i, a, b, A, B) auto &&a = A[forr_i]; auto &&b = B[forr_i];
#define forr_init_6(a, b, c, A, B, C) auto &&a = A[forr_i]; auto &&b = B[forr_i]; auto &&c = C[forr_i];
#define forr_init_7(forr_i, a, b, c, A, B, C) auto &&a = A[forr_i]; auto &&b = B[forr_i]; auto &&c = C[forr_i];
#define forr_init_8(a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) auto &&a = A[forr_i]; auto &&b = B[forr_i]; auto &&c = C[forr_i]; auto && d = D[forr_i];
#define forr_init_9(forr_i, a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) auto &&a = A[forr_i]; auto &&b = B[forr_i]; auto &&c = C[forr_i]; auto && d = D[forr_i];
#define forr_init(...) over9(__VA_ARGS__, forr_init_9, forr_init_8, forr_init_7, forr_init_6, forr_init_5, forr_init_4, forr_init_3, forr_init_2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define forp_init3(k, v, S) auto &&k = S[forp_i].first;auto &&v = S[forp_i].second;
#define forp_init4(forp_i, k, v, S) auto &&k = S[forp_i].first;auto &&v = S[forp_i].second;
#define forp_init(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,forp_init4,forp_init3,forp_init2,forp_init1)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define form_init(k, v, ...) auto &&k = (*form_it).fi;auto &&v = (*form_it).se;
#define forrm_init(k, v, ...) auto &&k = (*forrm_it).fi;auto &&v = (*forrm_it).se;
#define fors_init(v, ...) auto &&v = (*it);

#define forlr_init(a, A, ngl, ngr) auto a = A[forlr_i]; auto prev = forlr_i ? A[forlr_i-1] : ngl;auto next = forlr_i+1< rep2lim? A[forlr_i+1] : ngr;
#define forslr_init4(a, A, ngl, ngr) auto a = (*forslr_it); auto prev = (forslr_it!=A.begin())? (*std::prev(forslr_it)) : ngl;auto next = (forslr_it!=std::prev(A.end()))? (*std::next(forslr_it)) : ngr;
#define forslr_init5(a, A, r, ngl, ngr) auto a = (*forslr_it); auto prev = (forslr_it!=A.begin())? (*std::prev(forslr_it)) : ngl;auto next = (forslr_it!=std::prev(A.end()))? (*std::next(forslr_it)) : ngr;
#define forslr_init6(a, A, l, r, ngl, ngr) auto a = (*forslr_it); auto prev = (forslr_it!=A.begin())? (*std::prev(forslr_it)) : ngl;auto next = (forslr_it!=std::prev(A.end()))? (*std::next(forslr_it)) : ngr;
#define forslr_init(...)  over6(__VA_ARGS__,forslr_init6,forslr_init5,forslr_init4)(__VA_ARGS__);

//こうしないとmapがおかしくなる
#define fora_f_2(a, A) for(auto&& a : A)
#define fora_f_3(fora_f_i, a, A) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))
#define fora_f_4(a, b, A, B) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))
#define fora_f_5(fora_f_i, a, b, A, B) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))
#define fora_f_6(a, b, c, A, B, C) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))
#define fora_f_7(fora_f_i, a, b, c, A, B, C) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))
#define fora_f_8(a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))
#define fora_f_9(fora_f_i, a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) rep(fora_f_i, sz(A))

#define forr_2(a, A) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_3(forr_i, a, A) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_4(a, b, A, B) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_5(forr_i, a, b, A, B) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_6(a, b, c, A, B, C) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_7(forr_i, a, b, c, A, B, C) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_8(a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#define forr_9(forr_i, a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) rer(forr_i, sz(A)-1)
#endif
//↑@オーバーロード隔離

//rep系はインデックス、for系は中身
#define rep(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,rep4,rep3,rep2,rep1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rer(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,rer4,rer3,rer2,)(__VA_ARGS__)

//自分込みで残りがREM以上の間ループを回す
#define rem(i, N, REM) for (int i = 0; i < N - REM + 1; i++)

//char用のrep
#define repc(i, m, n) for(char i = m,repc3lim=n; i < repc3lim ; ++i)
//i,j,k...をnまで見る
#define reps(...) over5(__VA_ARGS__,reps5,reps4,reps3,reps2,)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define repss(...) over10(__VA_ARGS__, repss10, a, repss8, a, repss6, a, repss4, a, repss2) (__VA_ARGS__)
//vectorのindexを走査する
//repv(i,j,vvi)
#define repv(...) over6(__VA_ARGS__,repv_6,repv_5,repv_4,repv_3,repv_2,)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rerv(i, A) for (int i = sz(A)-1; i >= 0 ; i--)
//repvn(dp) nは次元
#define repv1(a) repv(i, a)
#define repv2(a) repv(i, j, a)
#define repv3(a) repv(i, j, k, a)
#define repv4(a) repv(i, j, k, l, a)
#ifdef use_for
#define fora_f(...) over9(__VA_ARGS__, fora_f_9, fora_f_8, fora_f_7, fora_f_6, fora_f_5, fora_f_4, fora_f_3, fora_f_2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#endif
#define forr(...) over9(__VA_ARGS__, forr_9, forr_8, forr_7, forr_6, forr_5, forr_4, forr_3, forr_2)(__VA_ARGS__)
//0~N-2まで見る

#define forar_init(v, rv, A) auto &&v = A[forar_i]; auto && rv = A[forar_i+1];
#define forar(v, rv, A) rep(forar_i, sz(A) - 1)

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
template<size_t M_SZ, bool indexed, class Iterator, class T, class U=T, class V=T, class W=T>
class ite_vec_merge : public Iterator {    std::size_t i = 0;    vector<T> &A;    vector<U> &B;    vector<V> &C;    vector<W> &D;public :    ite_vec_merge(Iterator ita, vector<T> &A) : Iterator(ita), A(A), B(A), C(A), D(A) {}    ite_vec_merge(Iterator ita, vector<T> &A, vector<U> &B) : Iterator(ita), A(A), B(B), C(A), D(A) {}    ite_vec_merge(Iterator ita, vector<T> &A, vector<U> &B, vector<V> &C) : Iterator(ita), A(A), B(B), C(C), D(A) {}    ite_vec_merge(Iterator ita, vector<T> &A, vector<U> &B, vector<V> &C, vector<W> &D) : Iterator(ita), A(A), B(B), C(C), D(D) {}    auto &operator++() {        ++i;        this->Iterator::operator++();        return *this;    }    auto operator*() const noexcept {        if constexpr(!indexed && M_SZ == 1) { return tuple<T &>(A[i]); }        else if constexpr(!indexed && M_SZ == 2) { return tuple<T &, U &>(A[i], B[i]); }        else if constexpr(!indexed && M_SZ == 3) { return tuple<T &, U &, V &>(A[i], B[i], C[i]); }        else if constexpr(!indexed && M_SZ == 4) { return tuple<T &, U &, V &, W &>(A[i], B[i], C[i], D[i]); }        else if constexpr(indexed && M_SZ == 1) { return tuple<int, T &>(i, A[i]); }        else if constexpr(indexed && M_SZ == 2) { return tuple<int, T &, U &>(i, A[i], B[i]); }        else if constexpr(indexed && M_SZ == 3) { return tuple<int, T &, U &, V &>(i, A[i], B[i], C[i]); }        else if constexpr(indexed && M_SZ == 4) { return tuple<int, T &, U &, V &, W &>(i, A[i], B[i], C[i], D[i]); }        else {            assert(0);            return tuple<int>(i);        }    }};
template<size_t M_SZ, bool indexed, class T, class U=T, class V=T, class W=T>
class vec_merge {    vector<T> &a;    vector<U> &b;    vector<V> &c;    vector<W> &d;public :    vec_merge(vector<T> &a) : a(a), b(a), c(a), d(a) {}    vec_merge(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b) : a(a), b(b), c(a), d(a) {}    vec_merge(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, vector<V> &c) : a(a), b(b), c(c), d(a) {}    vec_merge(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, vector<V> &c, vector<W> &d) : a(a), b(b), c(c), d(d) {}    auto begin() const {        if constexpr(M_SZ == 1) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::begin(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::begin(a), a}; }        else if constexpr(M_SZ == 2) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::begin(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::begin(a), a, b}; }        else if constexpr(M_SZ == 3) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::begin(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::begin(a), a, b, c}; }        else if constexpr(M_SZ == 4) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::begin(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::begin(a), a, b, c, d}; }        else {            assert(0);            return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::begin(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::begin(a), a};        }    }    auto end() const {        if constexpr(M_SZ == 1) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::end(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::end(a), a}; }        else if constexpr(M_SZ == 2) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::end(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::end(a), a, b}; }        else if constexpr(M_SZ == 3) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::end(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::end(a), a, b, c}; }        else if constexpr(M_SZ == 4) { return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::end(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::end(a), a, b, c, d}; }        else {            assert(0);            return ite_vec_merge<M_SZ, indexed, decltype(std::end(a)), T, U, V, W>{std::end(a), a};        }    }};
#endif
#define fora_2(a, A) for(auto&& a : A)

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define fora_3(i, a, A) for(auto[i, a] : vec_merge<1, true, decl_t(A)>(A))
#define fora_4(a, b, A, B) for(auto[a, b] : vec_merge<2, false, decl_t(A), decl_t(B)>(A, B))
#define fora_5(i, a, b, A, B)  for(auto[i, a, b] : vec_merge<2, true, decl_t(A), decl_t(B)>(A, B))
#define fora_6(a, b, c, A, B, C)  for(auto[a, b, c] : vec_merge<3, false, decl_t(A), decl_t(B), decl_t(C)>(A, B, C))
#define fora_7(i, a, b, c, A, B, C)  for(auto[i, a, b, c] : vec_merge<3, true, decl_t(A), decl_t(B), decl_t(C)>(A, B, C))
#define fora_8(a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) for(auto[a, b, c, d] : vec_merge<4, false, decl_t(A), decl_t(B), decl_t(C), decl_t(D)>(A, B, C, D))
#define fora_9(i, a, b, c, d, A, B, C, D) for(auto[i, a, b, c, d] : vec_merge<4, true, decl_t(A), decl_t(B), decl_t(C), decl_t(D)>(A, B, C, D))
#endif
//構造化束縛ver
//1e5要素で40ms程度
//遅いときはfora_fを使う
#define fora(...) over9(__VA_ARGS__, fora_9, fora_8, fora_7, fora_6, fora_5, fora_4, fora_3, fora_2)(__VA_ARGS__)
//#define forr(v, a) for(auto&& v : makeReversedRange(a))
//参照を取らない
/*@formatter:off*/
#ifdef use_for
template<class U> vector<U> to1d(vector<U> &a) { return a; }
template<class U> auto to1d(vector<vector<U>> &a) {    vector<U> res;    for (auto &&a1 : a)for (auto &&a2 : a1)res.push_back(a2);    return res;}
template<class U> vector<U> to1d(vector<vector<vector<U>>> &a) {    vector<U> res;    for (auto &&a1 : a)for (auto &&a2 : a1)for (auto &&a3 : a2) res.push_back(a3);    return res;}
template<class U> vector<U> to1d(vector<vector<vector<vector<U>>>> &a) {vector<U> res;    for (auto &&a1 : a)for (auto &&a2 : a1)for (auto &&a3 : a2) for (auto &&a4 : a3)res.push_back(a4);    return res;}
template<class U> vector<U> to1d(vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<U>>>>> &a) {vector<U> res;    for (auto &&a1 : a)for (auto &&a2 : a1)for (auto &&a3 : a2) for (auto &&a4 : a3)for (auto &&a5 : a4)res.push_back(a5);    return res;}
template<class U> vector<U> to1d(vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<vector<U>>>>>> &a) {vector<U> res;    for (auto &&a1 : a)for (auto &&a2 : a1)for (auto &&a3 : a2) for (auto &&a4 : a3)for (auto &&a5 : a4)for (auto &&a6 : a5)res.push_back(a6);    return res;}
#define forv(a, b) for(auto a : to1d(b))
//インデックスを前後含めて走査
#define ring(i, s, len) for (int i = s, prev = (s == 0) ? len - 1 : s - 1, next = (s == len - 1) ? 0 : s + 1, cou = 0; cou < len; cou++, prev = i, i = next, next = (next == len - 1) ? 0 : next + 1)
//値と前後を見る
#define ringv(v, d) index_=0;for (auto prev = d[sz(d)-1],next= (int)d.size()>1?d[1]:d[0],v = d[0]; index_ < sz(d); index_++, prev = v, v = next, next = (index_>=sz(d)-1?d[0]:d[index_+1]))
// 左右をnext prevで見る 0の左と nの右
#define forlr(v, d, banpei_l, banpei_r) rep(forlr_i,sz(d))
#endif

#define form(...) over5(__VA_ARGS__,form5,form4,form3,form2,form1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define forrm(...) over5(__VA_ARGS__,forrm5,forrm4,forrm3,forrm2,forrm1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define fors(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,fors4,fors3,fors2,fors1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define forslr(...) over6(__VA_ARGS__,forslr6,forslr5,forslr4,forslr3)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define forp3(k, v, st)  rep(forp_i,sz(st))
#define forp4(forp_i, k, v, st) rep(forp_i,sz(st))
#define forp(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,forp4,forp3)(__VA_ARGS__)


//マクロ 定数
#define k3 1010
#define k4 10101
#define k5 101010
#define k6 1010101
#define k7 10101010

const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795029L;


constexpr bool ev(ll a) { return !(a & 1); }
constexpr bool od(ll a) { return (a & 1); }
//@拡張系 こう出来るべきというもの

//埋め込み 存在を意識せずに機能を増やされているもの
namespace std {
    template<> class hash<std::pair<signed, signed>> { public:size_t operator()(const std::pair<signed, signed> &x) const { return hash<ll>()(((ll) x.first << 32) | x.second); }};
    template<> class hash<std::pair<ll, ll>> { public:/*大きいllが渡されると、<<32でオーバーフローするがとりあえず問題ないと判断*/size_t operator()(const std::pair<ll, ll> &x) const { return hash<ll>()(((ll) x.first << 32) | x.second); }};
}
//stream まとめ
/*@formatter:off*/
istream &operator>>(istream &iss, P &a) {iss >> a.first >> a.second;return iss;}
template<typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &iss, vector<T> &vec_) {for (T &x: vec_) iss >> x;return iss;}
template<class T, class U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, pair<T, U> p) {os << p.fi << " " << p.se;return os;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, T p) {os << p.f << " " << p.s << " " << p.t;return os;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, F p) {os << p.a << " " << p.b << " " << p.c << " " << p.d;return os;}
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<T> &vec_) {for (ll i = 0; i < vec_.size(); ++i)os << vec_[i] << (i + 1 == vec_.size() ? "" : " ");return os;}
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<vector<T>> &vec_) {for (ll i = 0; i < vec_.size(); ++i) {for (ll j = 0; j < vec_[i].size(); ++j) { os << vec_[i][j] << " "; }os << endl;}return os;}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, map<T, U> &m) {os << endl;for (auto &&v:m) os << v << endl;return os;}
template<class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, set<T> s) {    fora(v, s) { os << v << " "; }    return os;}
template<class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, mset<T> s) {    fora(v, s) { os << v << " "; }    return os;}
template<class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, deque<T> a) {    fora(v, a) { os << v << " "; }    return os;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<vector<char>> &vec_) {    rep(h, sz(vec_)) {        rep(w, sz(vec_[0])) { os << vec_[h][w]; }        os << endl;    }    return os;}

/*@formatter:off*/
//template<class T,class U>ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<pair<T,U>>& a) {fora_f(v,a)os<<v<<endl;return os;}
template<typename W, typename H> void resize(W &vec_, const H head) { vec_.resize(head); }
template<typename W, typename H, typename ... T> void resize(W &vec_, const H &head, const T ... tail) {vec_.resize(head);for (auto &v: vec_)resize(v, tail...);}
//#define use_for_each  //_each _all_of _any_of _none_of _find_if _rfind_if _contains _count_if _erase_if _entry_if

#ifdef use_for_each
//todo Atcoderの過去問がc++17に対応したら
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
//for_each以外はconst & (呼び出し側のラムダも)
template<typename T, typename F> bool all_of2(const T &v, F f) {    if constexpr(has_value_type<T>::value) {        for (auto &&v_ : v) { if (!all_of2(v_, f))return false; }        return true;    } else { return f(v); }}
template<typename T, typename F> bool any_of2(const T &v, F f) {    if constexpr(has_value_type<T>::value) {        for (auto &&v_ : v) { if (!any_of2(v_, f))return true; }        return false;    } else { return f(v); }}
template<typename T, typename F> bool none_of2(const T &v, F f) {    if constexpr(has_value_type<T>::value) {        for (auto &&v_ : v) { if (none_of2(v_, f))return false; }        return true;    } else { return f(v); }}
//存在しない場合
//1次元 Nを返す
//多次元-1を返す
template<typename T, typename F> ll find_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (f(v[i]))return i; }    return sz(v);}
template<typename T, typename F> tuple<int, int> find_if2(const vector<vector<T> > &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { rep(j, sz(v[i])) { if (f(v[i][j])) { return tuple<int, int>(i, j); }}}    return tuple<int, int>(-1, -1);}
template<typename T, typename F> auto find_if2(const vector<vector<vector<T> > > &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (auto ret = find_if2(v[i], f); get<0>(ret) != -1) { return tuple_cat(tuple<int>(i), ret); }}    auto bad = tuple_cat(tuple<int>(-1), find_if2(v[0], f));    return bad;}

//存在しない場合
//1次元 -1を返す
//多次元-1を返す
template<typename T, typename F> ll rfind_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rer(i, sz(v) - 1) { if (f(v[i]))return i; }    return -1;}
template<typename T, typename F> tuple<int, int> rfind_if2(const vector<vector<T> > &v, F f) {    rer(i, sz(v) - 1) { rer(j, sz(v[i]) - 1) { if (f(v[i][j])) { return tuple<int, int>(i, j); }}}    return tuple<int, int>(-1, -1);}
template<typename T, typename F> auto rfind_if2(const vector<vector<vector<T> > > &v, F f) {    rer(i, sz(v) - 1) { if (auto ret = rfind_if2(v[i], f); get<0>(ret) != -1) { return tuple_cat(tuple<int>(i), ret); }}    auto bad = tuple_cat(tuple<int>(-1), rfind_if2(v[0], f));    return bad;}

//todo まとめられそう string,vector全般
template<class T> bool contains(const string &s, const T &v) { return s.find(v) != string::npos; }
template<typename T> bool contains(const vector<T> &v, const T &val) { return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), val) != v.end(); }
template<typename T, typename F> bool contains_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) { return find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), f) != v.end(); }
template<typename T, typename F> ll count_if2(const T &v, F f) {    if constexpr(has_value_type<T>::value) {        ll ret = 0;        for (auto &&v_ : v) { ret += count_if2(v_, f); }        return ret;    } else { return f(v); }}
template<typename T, typename F> void for_each2(T &a, F f) {    if constexpr(has_value_type<T>::value) {        for (auto &&v_ : a)for_each2(v_, f);    } else {        f(a);    }}
#else
template<typename T, typename F> bool all_of2(const T &v, F f) { return f(v); }
template<typename T, typename F> bool all_of2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (!all_of2(v[i], f))return false; }    return true;}
template<typename T, typename F> bool any_of2(const T &v, F f) { return f(v); }
template<typename T, typename F> bool any_of2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (any_of2(v[i], f))return true; }    return false;}
template<typename T, typename F> bool none_of2(const T &v, F f) { return f(v); }
template<typename T, typename F> bool none_of2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (none_of2(v[i], f))return false; }    return true;}
template<typename T, typename F> bool find_if2(const T &v, F f) { return f(v); }
template<typename T, typename F> ll find_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (find_if2(v[i], f))return i; }    return sz(v);}
template<typename T, typename F> bool rfind_if2(const T &v, F f) { return f(v); }
template<typename T, typename F> ll rfind_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    rer(i, sz(v) - 1) { if (rfind_if2(v[i], f))return i; }    return -1;}
template<class T> bool contains(const string &s, const T &v) { return s.find(v) != string::npos; }
template<typename T> bool contains(const vector<T> &v, const T &val) { return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), val) != v.end(); }
template<typename T, typename F> bool contains_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) { return find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), f) != v.end(); }
template<typename T, typename F> ll count_if2(const T &v, F f) { return f(v); }
template<typename T, typename F> ll count_if2(const vector<T> &vec_, F f) {    ll ret = 0;    fora(v, vec_) { ret += count_if2(v, f); }    return ret;}

template<typename T, typename F> void for_each2(T &a, F f) {
    f(a);
}
template<typename T, typename F> void for_each2(vector<T>  &a, F f) {
    for (auto &&v_ : a)for_each2(v_, f);
}
#endif
template<typename W> ll count_od(const vector<W> &a) { return count_if2(a, [](ll v) { return v & 1; }); }
template<typename W> ll count_ev(const vector<W> &a) { return count_if2(a, [](ll v) { return !(v & 1); }); }
//削除した後のvectorを返す
template<typename T, typename F> vector<T> erase_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {    vector<T> nv;    rep(i, sz(v)) { if (!f(v[i])) { nv.push_back(v[i]); }}    return nv;}
template<typename T, typename F> vector<vector<T>> erase_if2(const vector<vector<T>> &v, F f) {    vector<vector<T>> res;    rep(i, sz(v)) { res[i] = erase_if2(v[i], f); }    return res;}

template<typename T, typename F> vector<T> entry_if2(const vector<T> &v, F f) {vector<T> nv;rep(i, sz(v)) { if (f(v[i])) { nv.push_back(v[i]); }}return nv;}
template<typename T, typename F> vector<vector<T>> entry_if2(const vector<vector<T>> &v, F f) {vector<vector<T>> res;rep(i, sz(v)) { res[i] = entry_if2(v[i], f); }return res;}

template<typename T, typename F> ll l_rfind_if(const vector<T> &v, F f) {rer(i, sz(v) - 1) { if (f(v[i]))return i; }return -1;}
template<typename T, typename F> bool l_contains_if(const vector<T> &v, F f) {rer(i, sz(v) - 1) { if (f(v[i]))return true; }return false;}
template<class A, class B, class C> auto t_all_of(A a, B b, C c) { return std::all_of(a, b, c); }
template<class A, class B, class C> auto t_any_of(A a, B b, C c) { return std::any_of(a, b, c); }
template<class A, class B, class C> auto t_none_of(A a, B b, C c) { return std::none_of(a, b, c); }
template<class A, class B, class C> auto t_find_if(A a, B b, C c) { return std::find_if(a, b, c); }
template<class A, class B, class C> auto t_count_if(A a, B b, C c) { return std::count_if(a, b, c); }

#define all_of_s__2(a, right) (t_all_of(ALL(a),lamr(right)))
#define all_of_s__3(a, v, siki) (t_all_of(ALL(a),[&](auto v){return siki;}))
#define all_of_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,all_of_s__3,all_of_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

//all_of(A, %2);
//all_of(A, a, a%2);
#define all_of__2(a, right) all_of2(a,lamr(right))
#define all_of__3(a, v, siki) all_of2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define all_of(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,all_of__3,all_of__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define all_of_f(a, f) all_of2(a,f)

#define any_of_s__2(a, right) (t_any_of(ALL(a),lamr(right)))
#define any_of_s__3(a, v, siki) (t_any_of(ALL(a),[&](auto v){return siki;}))
#define any_of_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,any_of_s__3,any_of_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define any_of__2(a, right) any_of2(a,lamr(right))
#define any_of__3(a, v, siki) any_of2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define any_of(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,any_of__3,any_of__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define any_of_f(a, f) any_of2(a,f)

#define none_of_s__2(a, right) (t_none_of(ALL(a),lamr(right)))
#define none_of_s__3(a, v, siki) (t_none_of(ALL(a),[&](auto v){return siki;}))
#define none_of_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,none_of_s__3,none_of_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define none_of__2(a, right) none_of2(a,lamr(right))
#define none_of__3(a, v, siki) none_of2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define none_of(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,none_of__3,none_of__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define none_of_f(a, f) none_of2(a,f)

#define find_if_s__2(a, right) (t_find_if(ALL(a),lamr(right))-a.begin())
#define find_if_s__3(a, v, siki) (t_find_if(ALL(a),[&](auto v){return siki;})-a.begin())
#define find_if_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,find_if_s__3,find_if_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define find_if__2(a, right) find_if2(a,lamr(right))
#define find_if__3(a, v, siki) find_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define find_if(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,find_if__3,find_if__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define find_if_f(a, f) find_if2(a,f)

#define rfind_if_s__2(a, right) l_rfind_if(a, lamr(right))
#define rfind_if_s__3(a, v, siki) l_rfind_if(a, [&](auto v){return siki;})
#define rfind_if_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,rfind_if_s__3,rfind_if_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define rfind_if__2(a, right) rfind_if2(a,lamr(right))
#define rfind_if__3(a, v, siki) rfind_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define rfind_if(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,rfind_if__3,rfind_if__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rfind_if_f(a, f) rfind_if2(a,f)

#define contains_if_s__2(a, right) l_contains_if(a, lamr(right))
#define contains_if_s__3(a, v, siki) l_contains_if(a, [&](auto v){return siki;})
#define contains_if_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,contains_if_s__3,contains_if_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define contains_if__2(a, right) contains_if2(a,lamr(right))
#define contains_if__3(a, v, siki) contains_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define contains_if(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,contains_if__3,contains_if__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define contains_if_f(a, f) contains_if2(a,f)

#define count_if_s__2(a, right) (t_count_if(ALL(a),lamr(right)))
#define count_if_s__3(a, v, siki) (t_count_if(ALL(a),[&](auto v){return siki;}))
#define count_if_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,count_if_s__3,count_if_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define count_if__2(a, right) count_if2(a,lamr(right))
#define count_if__3(a, v, siki) count_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define count_if(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,count_if__3,count_if__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define count_if_f(a, f) count_if2(a,f)

//vector<vi>で、viに対して操作
#define for_each_s__2(a, right) do{fora(v,a){v right;}}while(0)
#define for_each_s__3(a, v, shori) do{fora(v,a){shori;}}while(0)
#define for_each_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,for_each_s__3,for_each_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)

//vector<vi>で、intに対して操作
#define for_each__2(a, right) for_each2(a,lamr(right))
#define for_each__3(a, v, shori) for_each2(a,[&](auto& v){shori;})
#define for_each(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,for_each__3,for_each__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define for_each_f(a, f) for_each2(a, f);

template<class T, class F> vector<T> help_for_eached(const vector<T> &A, F f) {    vector<T> ret = A;    for_each(ret, v, f(v));    return ret;}
#define for_eached__2(a, right) help_for_eached(a, lamr(right))
#define for_eached__3(a, v, shori) help_for_eached(a, lam(v, shori))
#define for_eached(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,for_eached__3,for_eached__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define for_eached_f(a, f) for_eached2(a, f);

#define each for_each
#define eached for_eached


//#define erase_if_s__2(a, right) l_erase_if2(a,lamr(right))
//#define erase_if_s__3(a, v, siki) l_erase_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
//#define erase_if_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,erase_if_s__3,erase_if_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)


#define erase_if__2(a, right) erase_if2(a,lamr(right))
#define erase_if__3(a, v, siki) erase_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define erase_if(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,erase_if__3,erase_if__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define erase_if_f(a, f) erase_if2(a,f)

//#define entry_if_s__2(a, right) l_entry_if2(a,lamr(right))
//#define entry_if_s__3(a, v, siki) l_entry_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
//#define entry_if_s(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,entry_if_s__3,entry_if_s__2)(__VA_ARGS__)


#define entry_if__2(a, right) entry_if2(a,lamr(right))
#define entry_if__3(a, v, siki) entry_if2(a,[&](auto v){return siki;})
#define entry_if(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,entry_if__3,entry_if__2)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define entry_if_f(a, f) entry_if2(a,f)

#endif

/*@formatter:off*/
template<class T, class U, class W> void replace(vector<W> &a, T key, U v) { rep(i, sz(a))if (a[i] == key)a[i] = v; }
template<class T, class U, class W> void replace(vector<vector<W>> &A, T key, U v) { rep(i, sz(A))replace(A[i], key, v); }
void replace(str &a, char key, str v) { if (v == "")a.erase(remove(ALL(a), key), a.end()); }
void replace(str &a, char key, char v) { replace(ALL(a), key, v); }
//keyと同じかどうか01で置き換える
template<class T, class U> void replace(vector<T> &a, U k) { rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = a[i] == k; }
template<class T, class U> void replace(vector<vector<T >> &a, U k) { rep(i, sz(a))rep(j, sz(a[0])) a[i][j] = a[i][j] == k; }
void replace(str &a) {    int dec = 0;    if ('a' <= a[0] && a[0] <= 'z')dec = 'a';    if ('A' <= a[0] && a[0] <= 'Z')dec = 'A';    fora(v, a) { v -= dec; }}
void replace(str &a, str key, str v) {    stringstream t;    ll kn = sz(key);    std::string::size_type Pos(a.find(key));    ll l = 0;    while (Pos != std::string::npos) {        t << a.substr(l, Pos - l);        t << v;        l = Pos + kn;        Pos = a.find(key, Pos + kn);    }    t << a.substr(l, sz(a) - l);    a = t.str();}

template<class T> bool is_permutation(vector<T> &a, vector<T> &b) { return is_permutation(ALL(a), ALL(b)); }
template<class T> bool next_permutation(vector<T> &a) { return next_permutation(ALL(a)); }
vi iota(ll s, ll len) {vi ve(len);iota(ALL(ve), s);return ve;}
template<class A, class B> auto vtop(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b) {    assert(sz(a) == sz(b));    /*stringを0で初期化できない  */  vector<pair<A, B>> res;    rep(i, sz(a))res.eb(a[i], b[i]);    return res;}
template<class A, class B> void ptov(vector<pair<A, B>> &p, vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b) {    a.resize(sz(p)), b.resize(sz(p));    rep(i, sz(p))a[i] = p[i].fi, b[i] = p[i].se;}
template<class A, class B, class C> auto vtot(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c) {    assert(sz(a) == sz(b) && sz(b) == sz(c));    vector<T2<A, B, C>> res;    rep(i, sz(a))res.eb(a[i], b[i], c[i]);    return res;}
template<class A, class B, class C, class D> auto vtof(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, vector<D> &d) {    assert(sz(a) == sz(b) && sz(b) == sz(c) && sz(c) == sz(d));    vector<F2<A, B, C, D>> res;    rep(i, sz(a))res.eb(a[i], b[i], c[i], d[i]);    return res;}

/*@formatter:off*/
template<class T> void sort(vector<T> &a, int l = -1, int r = -1) {    set_lr12(l, r, sz(a));    fast_sort(a.begin() + l, a.begin() + r);}
template<class T> void rsort(vector<T> &a, int l = -1, int r = -1) {    set_lr12(l, r, sz(a));    fast_sort(a.begin() + l, a.begin() + r, greater<T>());};
template<class A, class B> void sortp(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b) {    auto c = vtop(a, b);    sort(c);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = c[i].fi, b[i] = c[i].se;}
template<class A, class B> void rsortp(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b) {    auto c = vtop(a, b);    rsort(c);    rep(i, sz(a))a[i] = c[i].first, b[i] = c[i].second;}
template<class A, class B, class C> void sortt(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c) {    auto d = vtot(a, b, c);    sort(d);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = d[i].f, b[i] = d[i].s, c[i] = d[i].t;}
template<class A, class B, class C> void rsortt(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c) {    auto d = vtot(a, b, c);    rsort(d);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = d[i].f, b[i] = d[i].s, c[i] = d[i].t;}
template<class... T, class U> auto sorted(U head, T... a) {    sort(head, a...);    return head;}
template<class... T, class U> auto rsorted(U head, T... a) {rsort(head, a...);return head;}
//sortindex 元のvectorはソートしない
template<class T> vi sorti(vector<T> &a) {    auto b = a;    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sortp(b, ind);    return ind;}
//#define use_sort
#ifdef use_sort
enum pcomparator { fisi, fisd, fdsi, fdsd, sifi, sifd, sdfi, sdfd };
enum tcomparator {    fisiti,    fisitd,    fisdti,    fisdtd,    fdsiti,    fdsitd,    fdsdti,    fdsdtd,    fitisi,    fitisd,    fitdsi,    fitdsd,    fdtisi,    fdtisd,    fdtdsi,    fdtdsd,    sifiti,    sifitd,    sifdti,    sifdtd,    sdfiti,    sdfitd,    sdfdti,    sdfdtd,    sitifi,    sitifd,    sitdfi,    sitdfd,    sdtifi,    sdtifd,    sdtdfi,    sdfdfd,    tifisi,    tifisd,    tifdsi,    tifdsd,    tdfisi,    tdfisd,    tdfdsi,    tdfdsd,    tisifi,    tisifd,    tisdfi,    tisdfd,    tdsifi,    tdsifd,    tdsdfi,    tdsdfd};
template<class A, class B> void sort(vector<pair<A, B>> &a, pcomparator type) {typedef pair<A, B> U;if (type == fisi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.fi != r.fi ? l.fi < r.fi : l.se < r.se; }); else if (type == fisd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.fi != r.fi ? l.fi < r.fi : l.se > r.se; }); else if (type == fdsi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.fi != r.fi ? l.fi > r.fi : l.se < r.se; }); else if (type == fdsd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.fi != r.fi ? l.fi > r.fi : l.se > r.se; }); else if (type == sifi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.se != r.se ? l.se < r.se : l.fi < r.fi; }); else if (type == sifd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.se != r.se ? l.se < r.se : l.fi > r.fi; }); else if (type == sdfi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.se != r.se ? l.se > r.se : l.fi < r.fi; }); else if (type == sdfd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.se != r.se ? l.se > r.se : l.fi > r.fi; });};
template<class U> void sort(vector<U> &a, pcomparator type) { if (type == fisi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s < r.s; }); else if (type == fisd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s > r.s; }); else if (type == fdsi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s < r.s; }); else if (type == fdsd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s > r.s; }); else if (type == sifi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f < r.f; }); else if (type == sifd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f > r.f; }); else if (type == sdfi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f < r.f; }); else if (type == sdfd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f > r.f; }); };
template<class A, class B, class C, class D> void sort(vector<F2<A, B, C, D> > &a, pcomparator type) {typedef F2<A, B, C, D> U;if (type == fisi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b < r.b; }); else if (type == fisd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b > r.b; }); else if (type == fdsi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b < r.b; }); else if (type == fdsd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b > r.b; }); else if (type == sifi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a < r.a; }); else if (type == sifd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a > r.a; }); else if (type == sdfi) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a < r.a; }); else if (type == sdfd) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a > r.a; });};
template<class U> void sort(vector<U> &a, tcomparator type) {if (type == 0) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 1) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 2) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 3) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 4) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 5) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 6) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 7) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 8) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 9) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 10) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 11) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 12) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 13) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 14) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 15) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 16) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 17) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 18) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 19) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 20) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 21) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 22) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t < r.t; });    else if (type == 23) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.t > r.t; });    else if (type == 24) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f < r.f; });    else if (type == 25) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f > r.f; });    else if (type == 26) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f < r.f; });    else if (type == 27) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f > r.f; });    else if (type == 28) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f < r.f; });    else if (type == 29) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f > r.f; });    else if (type == 30) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f < r.f; });    else if (type == 31) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f > r.f; });    else if (type == 32) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 33) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 34) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 35) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 36) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 37) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f < r.f : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 38) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s < r.s; });    else if (type == 39) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.f != r.f ? l.f > r.f : l.s > r.s; });    else if (type == 40) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f < r.f; }); else if (type == 41) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f > r.f; }); else if (type == 42) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f < r.f; }); else if (type == 43) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t < r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f > r.f; }); else if (type == 44) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f < r.f; }); else if (type == 45) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s < r.s : l.f > r.f; }); else if (type == 46) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f < r.f; }); else if (type == 47) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.t != r.t ? l.t > r.t : l.s != r.s ? l.s > r.s : l.f > r.f; });}
template<class A, class B, class C, class D> void sort(vector<F2<A, B, C, D>> &a, tcomparator type) {    typedef F2<A, B, C, D> U;    if (type == 0) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 1) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 2) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 3) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 4) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 5) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 6) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 7) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 8) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 9) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 10) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 11) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 12) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 13) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 14) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 15) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 16) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 17) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 18) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 19) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 20) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 21) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 22) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c < r.c; });    else if (type == 23) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.c > r.c; });    else if (type == 24) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a < r.a; });    else if (type == 25) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a > r.a; });    else if (type == 26) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a < r.a; });    else if (type == 27) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a > r.a; });    else if (type == 28) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a < r.a; });    else if (type == 29) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a > r.a; });    else if (type == 30) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a < r.a; });    else if (type == 31) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a > r.a; });    else if (type == 32) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 33) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 34) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 35) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 36) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 37) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a < r.a : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 38) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b < r.b; });    else if (type == 39) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.a != r.a ? l.a > r.a : l.b > r.b; });    else if (type == 40) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a < r.a; }); else if (type == 41) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a > r.a; }); else if (type == 42) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a < r.a; }); else if (type == 43) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c < r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a > r.a; }); else if (type == 44) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a < r.a; }); else if (type == 45) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b < r.b : l.a > r.a; }); else if (type == 46) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a < r.a; }); else if (type == 47) sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return l.c != r.c ? l.c > r.c : l.b != r.b ? l.b > r.b : l.a > r.a; });}

/*@formatter:off*/
void sort(string &a) { sort(ALL(a)); }
void rsort(string &a) { sort(RALL(a)); }
void sort(int &a, int &b) { if (a > b)swap(a, b); }
void sort(int &a, int &b, int &c) {    sort(a, b);    sort(a, c);    sort(b, c);}
void rsort(int &a, int &b) { if (a < b)swap(a, b); }
void rsort(int &a, int &b, int &c) {    rsort(a, b);    rsort(a, c);    rsort(b, c);}
//P l, P rで f(P) の形で渡す
template<class U, class F> void sort(vector<U> &a, F f) { sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return f(l) < f(r); }); };
template<class U, class F> void rsort(vector<U> &a, F f) { sort(ALL(a), [&](U l, U r) { return f(l) > f(r); }); };
//F = T<T>
//例えばreturn p.fi + p.se;
template<class A, class B, class F> void sortp(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, F f) {    auto c = vtop(a, b);    sort(c, f);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = c[i].fi, b[i] = c[i].se;}
template<class A, class B, class F> void rsortp(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, F f) {    auto c = vtop(a, b);    rsort(c, f);    rep(i, sz(a))a[i] = c[i].first, b[i] = c[i].second;}
template<class A, class B, class C, class F> void sortt(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, F f) {    auto d = vtot(a, b, c);    sort(d, f);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = d[i].f, b[i] = d[i].s, c[i] = d[i].t;}
template<class A, class B, class C, class F> void rsortt(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, F f) {    auto d = vtot(a, b, c);    rsort(d, f);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = d[i].f, b[i] = d[i].s, c[i] = d[i].t;}
template<class A, class B, class C, class D> void sortf(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, vector<D> &d) {    auto e = vtof(a, b, c, d);    sort(e);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = e[i].a, b[i] = e[i].b, c[i] = e[i].c, d[i] = e[i].d;}
template<class A, class B, class C, class D> void rsortf(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, vector<D> &d) {    auto e = vtof(a, b, c, d);    rsort(e);    rep(i, sz(a)) a[i] = e[i].a, b[i] = e[i].b, c[i] = e[i].c, d[i] = e[i].d;}
/*indexの分で型が変わるためpcomparatorが必要*/
template<class T> vi sorti(vector<T> &a, pcomparator f) {    auto b = a;    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sortp(b, ind, f);    return ind;}
template<class T, class F> vi sorti(vector<T> &a, F f) {    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { return f(a[x]) < f(a[y]); });    return ind;}
template<class T> vi rsorti(vector<T> &a) {    auto b = a;    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    rsortp(b, ind);    return ind;}
template<class T, class F> vi rsorti(vector<T> &a, F f) {    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { return f(a[x]) > f(a[y]); });    return ind;}
template<class A, class B, class F> vi sortpi(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, F f) {    auto c = vtop(a, b);    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { return f(c[x]) < f(c[y]); });    return ind;}
template<class A, class B> vi sortpi(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, pcomparator f) {    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    auto c = a;    auto d = b;    sortt(c, d, ind, f);    return ind;}
template<class A, class B> vi sortpi(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b) { return sortpi(a, b, fisi); };
template<class A, class B, class F> vi rsortpi(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, F f) {    auto c = vtop(a, b);    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { return f(c[x]) > f(c[y]); });    return ind;}
template<class A, class B> vi rsortpi(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b) { return sortpi(a, b, fdsd); };
template<class A, class B, class C, class F> vi sortti(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, F f) {    auto d = vtot(a, b, c);    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { return f(d[x]) < f(d[y]); });    return ind;}
template<class A, class B, class C> vi sortti(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, pcomparator f) {    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    auto d = vtof(a, b, c, ind);    sort(d, f);    rep(i, sz(a))ind[i] = d[i].d;    return ind;}
template<class A, class B, class C> vi sortti(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c) {    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { if (a[x] == a[y]) { if (b[x] == b[y])return c[x] < c[y]; else return b[x] < b[y]; } else { return a[x] < a[y]; }});    return ind;}
template<class A, class B, class C, class F> vi rsortti(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c, F f) {    auto d = vtot(a, b, c);    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { return f(d[x]) > f(d[y]); });    return ind;}
template<class A, class B, class C> vi rsortti(vector<A> &a, vector<B> &b, vector<C> &c) {    vi ind = iota(0, sz(a));    sort(ALL(ind), [&](ll x, ll y) { if (a[x] == a[y]) { if (b[x] == b[y])return c[x] > c[y]; else return b[x] > b[y]; } else { return a[x] > a[y]; }});    return ind;}
template<class T> void sort2(vector<vector<T >> &a) { for (ll i = 0, n = a.size(); i < n; ++i)sort(a[i]); }
template<class T> void rsort2(vector<vector<T >> &a) { for (ll i = 0, n = a.size(); i < n; ++i)rsort(a[i]); }

#endif
template<class T> bool includes(vector<T> &a, vector<T> &b) {    vi c = a;    vi d = b;    sort(c);    sort(d);    return includes(ALL(c), ALL(d));}
template<class T> bool distinct(const vector<T> &A) {    if ((int) (A).size() == 1)return true;    if ((int) (A).size() == 2)return A[0] != A[1];    if ((int) (A).size() == 3)return (A[0] != A[1] && A[1] != A[2] && A[0] != A[2]);    auto B = A;    sort(B);    int N = (B.size());    unique(B);    return N == (int) (B.size());}
template<class H, class... T> bool distinct(const H &a, const T &...b) { return distinct(vector<H>{a, b...}); }

/*@formatter:off*/
template<typename W, typename T> void fill(W &xx, const T vall) { xx = vall; }
template<typename W, typename T> void fill(vector<W> &vecc, const T vall) { for (auto &&vx     : vecc)fill(vx, vall); }
template<typename W, typename T> void fill(vector<W> &xx, const T v, ll len) { rep(i, len)xx[i] = v; }
template<typename W, typename T> void fill(vector<W> &xx, const T v, int s, ll t) { rep(i, s, t)xx[i] = v; }
template<typename W, typename T> void fill(vector<vector<W>> &xx, T v, int sh, int th, int sw, int tw) { rep(h, sh, th)rep(w, sw, tw)xx[h][w] = v; }
//#define use_fill //_sum _array _max _min
#ifdef use_fill
template<typename A, size_t N, typename T> void fill(A (&a)[N], const T &v) { rep(i, N)a[i] = v; }
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, typename T> void fill(A (&a)[N][O], const T &v) { rep(i, N)rep(j, O)a[i][j] = v; }
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, typename T> void fill(A (&a)[N][O][P], const T &v) { rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)a[i][j][k] = v; }
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, typename T> void fill(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q], const T &v) { rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)rep(l, Q)a[i][j][k][l] = v; }
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R, typename T> void fill(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R], const T &v) { rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)rep(l, Q)rep(m, R)a[i][j][k][l][m] = v; }
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R, size_t S, typename T> void fill(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R][S], const T &v) { rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)rep(l, Q)rep(m, R)rep(n, S)a[i][j][k][l][m][n] = v; }
template<class T, class U> void fill(vector<T> &a, const vi &ind, U val) { fora(v, ind) { a[v] = val; }}
template<typename A, size_t N> A sum(A (&a)[N]) {A res = 0;    rep(i, N)res += a[i];    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O> A sum(A (&a)[N][O]) {A res = 0;    rep(i, N)rep(j, O)res += a[i][j];    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P> A sum(A (&a)[N][O][P]) {A res = 0;    rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)res += a[i][j][k];    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q> A sum(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q]) {    A res = 0;    rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)rep(l, Q)res += a[i][j][k][l];    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R> A sum(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R]) {    A res = 0;    rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)rep(l, Q)rep(m, R)res += a[i][j][k][l][m];    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R, size_t S> A sum(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R][S]) {    A res = 0;    rep(i, N)rep(j, O)rep(k, P)rep(l, Q)rep(m, R)rep(n, S)res += a[i][j][k][l][m][n];    return res;}

template<typename A, size_t N> A max(A (&a)[N]) {A res = a[0];    rep(i, N)res = max(res, a[i]);    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O> A max(A (&a)[N][O]) {    A res = max(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = max(res, max(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P> A max(A (&a)[N][O][P]) {    A res = max(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = max(res, max(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q> A max(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q], const T &v) {    A res = max(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = max(res, max(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R> A max(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R]) {    A res = max(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = max(res, max(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R, size_t S> A max(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R][S]) {    A res = max(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = max(res, max(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N> A min(A (&a)[N]) {    A res = a[0];    rep(i, N)res = min(res, a[i]);    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O> A min(A (&a)[N][O]) {    A res = min(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = min(res, min(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P> A min(A (&a)[N][O][P]) {    A res = min(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = min(res, min(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q> A min(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q], const T &v) {    A res = min(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = min(res, min(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R> A min(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R]) {    A res = min(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = min(res, min(a[i]));    return res;}
template<typename A, size_t N, size_t O, size_t P, size_t Q, size_t R, size_t S> A min(A (&a)[N][O][P][Q][R][S]) {    A res = min(a[0]);    rep(i, N)res = min(res, min(a[i]));    return res;}
#endif

/*@formatter:off*/
template<class T, class U> void inc(pair<T, U> &a, U v = 1) { a.first += v, a.second += v; }
template<class T, class U> void inc(T &a, U v = 1) { a += v; }
template<class T, class U = int> void inc(vector<T> &a, U v = 1) { for (auto &u:a)inc(u, v); }
template<class T, class U> void dec(T &a, U v = 1) { a -= v; }
template<class T, class U = int> void dec(vector<T> &a, U v = 1) { for (auto &u :a)dec(u, v); }
template<class U> void dec(string &a, U v = 1) { for (auto &u :a)dec(u, v); }
template<class T, class U, class W> void dec(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, W v = 1) {for (auto &u :a)dec(u, v);for (auto &u :b)dec(u, v);}
template<class T, class U, class W> void dec(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, vector<W> &c) {    for (auto &u :a)dec(u, 1);    for (auto &u :b)dec(u, 1);    for (auto &u :c)dec(u, 1);}
bool ins(ll h, ll w, ll H, ll W) { return h >= 0 && w >= 0 && h < H && w < W; }
bool san(ll l, ll v, ll r) { return l <= v && v < r; }
template<class T> bool ins(vector<T> &a, ll i, ll j = 0) { return san(0, i, sz(a)) && san(0, j, sz(a)); }
#define inside ins
ll u0(ll a) { return a < 0 ? 0 : a; }
template<class T> vector<T> u0(vector<T> &a) {    vector<T> ret = a;    fora(v, ret) { v = u(v); }    return ret;}
//todo 名前
bool d_(int a, int b) {if (b == 0)return false;return (a % b) == 0;}

//エラー
void ole() {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    cerr << "ole" << endl;exit(0);
#endif
    string a = "a";    rep(i, 30)a += a;    rep(i, 1 << 17)cout << a << endl;    cout << "OLE 出力長制限超過" << endl;exit(0);
}
void re(string s = "") {cerr << s << endl;assert(0 == 1);exit(0);}

void tle() { while (inf)cout << inf << endl; }


//@汎用便利関数 入力
ll in() {ll ret;cin >> ret;return ret;}
template<class T> T in() {    T ret;    cin >> ret;    return ret;}
string sin() {    string ret;    cin >> ret;    return ret;}
template<class T> void in(T &head) { cin >> head; }
template<class T, class... U> void in(T &head, U &... tail) {    cin >> head;    in(tail...);}


//value_typeを持つ場合呼べる
//len回要素を追加する
template<class Iterable, class T = typename Iterable::value_type> Iterable tin(int len) {    Iterable ret;    T tem;    while (len--) {        cin >> tem;        ret += tem;    }    return ret;}
template<class T> T tin() {    T ret;    cin >> ret;    return ret;}
template<class T> T tind(int len = 0) {    auto ret = tin<T>(len);    dec(ret, 1);    return ret;}
#define din_t2(type, a) type a;cin>>a
#define din_t3(type, a, b) type a,b;cin>>a>> b
#define din_t4(type, a, b, c) type a,b,c;cin>>a>>b>>c
#define din_t5(type, a, b, c, d) type a,b,c,d;cin>>a>>b>>c>>d
#define din_t6(type, a, b, c, d, e) type a,b,c,d,e;cin>>a>>b>>c>>d>>e
#define din_t7(type, a, b, c, d, e, f) type a,b,c,d,e,f;cin>>a>>b>>c>>d>>e>>f
#define din_t(...) over7(__VA_ARGS__,din_t7,din_t6,din_t5,din_t4,din_t3 ,din_t2)(__VA_ARGS__)

#define din(...) din_t(int,__VA_ARGS__)
#define d_in
#define dsig(...) din_t(signed,__VA_ARGS__)

#define dst(...) din_t(string,__VA_ARGS__)
#define dstr dst
#define d_str dst

#define dcha(...) din_t(char,__VA_ARGS__)
#define dchar dcha

#define ddou(...) din_t(double,__VA_ARGS__)


#define din1d(a) din_t2(int, a);a--
#define din2d(a, b) din_t3(int, a,b);a--,b--
#define din3d(a, b, c) din_t4(int, a,b,c);a--,b--,c--
#define din4d(a, b, c, d) din_t5(int, a,b,c,d);a--,b--,c--,d--
#define dind(...) over4(__VA_ARGS__,din4d,din3d,din2d ,din1d)(__VA_ARGS__)

/*@formatter:off*/
#ifdef _DEBUG
template<class T> void err2(T &&head) { cerr << head; }
template<class T, class... U> void err2(T &&head, U &&... tail) {    cerr << head << " ";    err2(tail...);}
template<class T, class... U> void err(T &&head, U &&... tail) {    cerr << head << " ";    err2(tail...);    cerr << "" << endl;}
template<class T> void err(T &&head) { cerr << head << endl; }
void err() { cerr << "" << endl; }
//debで出力する最大長
constexpr int DEB_LEN = 20;
constexpr int DEB_LEN_H = 12;
string deb_tos(const int &v) { if (abs(v) == inf || abs(v) == linf)return "e"; else return to_string(v); }
template<class T> string deb_tos(const T &a) {stringstream ss;ss << a;return ss.str();}
#ifdef use_epsdou
string deb_tos(const epsdou &a) {return deb_tos(a.v);}
#endif
template<class T> string deb_tos(const optional<T> &a) { if (a.has_value()) { return deb_tos(a.value()); } else return "e"; }
template<class T> string deb_tos(const vector<T> &a, ll W = inf) {    stringstream ss;    if (W == inf)W = min(sz(a), DEB_LEN);    if (sz(a) == 0)return ss.str();    rep(i, W) {        ss << deb_tos(a[i]);        if (typeid(a[i]) == typeid(P)) { ss << endl; } else { ss << " "; }    }    return ss.str();}
template<class T> string deb_tos(const vector<vector<T> > &a, vi H, vi W, int key = -1) {    stringstream ss;    ss << endl;    vi lens(sz(W));    fora(h, H) {        rep(wi, sz(W)) {            lens[wi] = max(lens[wi], sz(deb_tos(a[h][W[wi]])) + 1);            lens[wi] = max(lens[wi], sz(deb_tos(W[wi])) + 1);        }    }    if (key == -1)ss << " *|"; else ss << " " << key << "|";    int wi = 0;    fora(w, W) {        ss << std::right << std::setw(lens[wi]) << w;        wi++;    }    ss << "" << endl;    rep(i, sz(W))rep(lens[i])ss << "_";    rep(i, 3)ss << "_";    ss << "" << endl;    fora(h, H) {        ss << std::right << std::setw(2) << h << "|";        int wi = 0;        fora(w, W) {            ss << std::right << std::setw(lens[wi]) << deb_tos(a[h][w]);            wi++;        }        ss << "" << endl;    }    return ss.str();}
template<class T> string deb_tos(const vector<vector<T> > &a, ll H = inf, ll W = inf, int key = -1) {    H = (H != inf) ? H : min({H, sz(a), DEB_LEN_H});    W = min({W, sz(a[0]), DEB_LEN_H});    vi hs, ws;    rep(h, H) { hs.push_back(h); }    rep(w, W) { ws.push_back(w); }    return deb_tos(a, hs, ws, key);}
template<class T> string deb_tos(const vector<vector<vector<T> > > &a, ll H = inf) {    stringstream ss;    if (H == inf)H = DEB_LEN_H;    H = min(H, sz(a));    rep(i, H) {        ss << endl;        ss << deb_tos(a[i], inf, inf, i);    }    return ss.str();}
template<class T> string deb_tos(vector<set<T> > &a, ll H = inf, ll W = inf, int key = -1) {    vector<vector<T> > b(sz(a));    rep(i, sz(a)) { fora(v, a[i]) { b[i].push_back(v); }}    return deb_tos(b, H, W, key);}
template<class T, size_t A> string deb_tos(T (&a)[A]) { return deb_tos(vector<T>(begin(a), end(a))); }
template<class T, size_t A, size_t B> string deb_tos(T (&a)[A][B]) { return deb_tos(vector<vector<T> >(begin(a), end(a))); }
template<class T, size_t A, size_t B, size_t C> string deb_tos(T (&a)[A][B][C]) { return deb_tos(vector<vector<vector<T> > >(begin(a), end(a))); }
/*@formatter:off*/
template<class T> void out2(T head) {    cout << head;    res_mes += deb_tos(head);}
template<class T, class... U> void out2(T head, U ... tail) {    cout << head << " ";    res_mes += deb_tos(head) + " ";    out2(tail...);}
template<class T, class... U> void out(T head, U ... tail) {    cout << head << " ";    res_mes += deb_tos(head) + " ";    out2(tail...);    cout << "" << endl;    res_mes += "\n";}
template<class T> void out(T head) {    cout << head << endl;    res_mes += deb_tos(head) + "\n";}
void out() { cout << "" << endl; }

#else
#define err(...);
template<class T> void out2(T &&head) { cout << head; }
template<class T, class... U> void out2(T &&head, U &&... tail) {    cout << head << " ";    out2(tail...);}
template<class T, class... U> void out(T &&head, U &&... tail) {    cout << head << " ";    out2(tail...);    cout << "" << endl;}
template<class T> void out(T &&head) {    cout << head  << endl;}
void out() {    cout << ""  << endl;}

#endif


template<class T> void outl(const vector<T> &a, int n = inf) { rep(i, min(n, sz(a)))cout << a[i] << endl; }
//テーブルをスペースなしで出力
template<class T> void outt(vector<vector<T>> &a) {    rep(i, sz(a)) {        rep(j, sz(a[i])) { cout << a[i][j]; }        cout << endl;    }}
//int型をbit表記で出力
void outb(int a) { cout << bitset<20>(a) << endl; }

/*@formatter:off*/
template<class T> void na(vector<T> &a, ll n) {    a.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i];}
template<class T> void na(set<T> &a, ll n) { rep(i, n)a.insert(in()); }
#define dna(a, n) vi a; na(a, n);/*nを複数使うと n==in()の時バグる事に注意*/
#define dnad(a, n) vi a; nad(a, n);
template<class T> void nao(vector<T> &a, ll n) {    a.resize(n + 1);    a[0] = 0;    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i + 1];}
template<class T> void naod(vector<T> &a, ll n) {    a.resize(n + 1);    a[0] = 0;    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i + 1], a[i + 1]--;}
template<class T> void nad(vector<T> &a, ll n) {    a.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i], a[i]--;}
template<class T> void nad(set<T> &a, ll n) { rep(i, n)a.insert(in() - 1); }
template<class T, class U> void na2(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, ll n) {    a.resize(n);    b.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i] >> b[i];}
template<class T, class U> void na2(set<T> &a, set<U> &b, ll n) {    rep(i, n) {        a.insert(in());        b.insert(in());    }}
#define dna2(a, b, n) vi a,b; na2(a,b,n);
template<class T, class U> void nao2(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, ll n) {    a.resize(n + 1);    b.resize(n + 1);    a[0] = b[0] = 0;    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i + 1] >> b[i + 1];}
template<class T, class U> void na2d(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, ll n) {    a.resize(n);    b.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i] >> b[i], a[i]--, b[i]--;}
#define dna2d(a, b, n) vi a,b; na2d(a,b,n);
template<class T, class U, class W> void na3(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, vector<W> &c, ll n) {a.resize(n);    b.resize(n);    c.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i] >> b[i] >> c[i];}
#define dna3(a, b, c, n) vi a,b,c; na3(a,b,c,n);
template<class T, class U, class W> void na3d(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, vector<W> &c, ll n) {a.resize(n);    b.resize(n);    c.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i] >> b[i] >> c[i], a[i]--, b[i]--, c[i]--;}
#define dna3d(a, b, c, n) vi a,b,c; na3d(a,b,c,n);
template<class T, class U, class W, class X> void na4(vector<T> &a, vector<U> &b, vector<W> &c, vector<X> &d, ll n) {a.resize(n);    b.resize(n);    c.resize(n);    d.resize(n);    rep(i, n)cin >> a[i] >> b[i] >> c[i] >> d[i];}
#define dna4(a, b, c, d, n)  vi a,b,c,d; na4(a,b,c,d,n);
#define dna4d(a, b, c, d, n)  vi a,b,c,d; na4d(a,b,c,d,n);
#define nt(a, h, w) resize(a,h,w);rep(nthi,h)rep(ntwi,w) cin >> a[nthi][ntwi];
#define ntd(a, h, w) resize(a,h,w);rep(ntdhi,h)rep(ntdwi,w) cin >> a[ntdhi][ntdwi], a[ntdhi][ntdwi]--;
#define ntp(a, h, w) resize(a,h+2,w+2);fill(a,'#');rep(ntphi,1,h+1)rep(ntpwi,1,w+1) cin >> a[ntphi][ntpwi];
#define dnt(S, h, w) vvi(S,h,w);nt(S,h,w);
#define dntc(S, h, w) vvc(S,h,w);nt(S,h,w);
#define dnts(S, h, w) vvs(S,h,w);nt(S,h,w);

//デバッグ
#define sp << " " <<
/*@formatter:off*/
#define deb1(x)  debugName(x)<<" = "<<deb_tos(x)
#define deb_2(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb1(__VA_ARGS__)
#define deb_3(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb_2(__VA_ARGS__)
#define deb_4(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb_3(__VA_ARGS__)
#define deb5(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb_4(__VA_ARGS__)
#define deb6(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb5(__VA_ARGS__)
//#define deb7(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb6(__VA_ARGS__)
//#define deb8(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb7(__VA_ARGS__)
//#define deb9(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb8(__VA_ARGS__)
//#define deb10(x, ...) deb1(x) <<", "<< deb9(__VA_ARGS__)

/*@formatter:off*/
#ifdef _DEBUG
bool was_deb = false;
#define deb(...)  do{was_deb=true;cerr<< over10(__VA_ARGS__,deb10,deb9,deb8,deb7,deb6,deb5,deb_4,deb_3,deb_2,deb1)(__VA_ARGS__) <<endl;}while(0)

#define base_keta 8
void print_n_base(int x, int base) { cerr << bitset<base_keta>(x) << endl; }
template<class T> void print_n_base(vector<T> X, int base) {cerr << endl;    for (auto &&x:X) { print_n_base(x, base); }    cerr << endl;}

//n進数
#define deb2(x) was_deb=true;cerr<<debugName(x)<<" = ";print_n_base(x, 2);
#define deb3(x) was_deb=true;cerr<<debugName(x)<<" = ";print_n_base(x, 3);
#define deb4(x) was_deb=true;cerr<<debugName(x)<<" = ";print_n_base(x, 4);

#define deb_ex_deb(x, len)  debugName(x)<<" = "<<deb_tos(x, len)
#define call_deb_ex_deb(x, len) deb_ex_deb(x, len)
//要素が存在する行だけ出力(vvt)
#define deb_ex(v) do {int N = sz(v);int s = N;int t = 0;rep(i, N) {if (sz(v[i])) {chmi(s, i);chma(t, i);}}auto ex_v = sub(v, s, N);str S = deb_tos(ex_v, sz(ex_v));debugName(v);cerr<<" = "<<endl;cerr << S << endl;} while (0);
#define debi(A) {int len=min(sz(A),20); was_deb=true;cerr<<debugName(A)<<" = "<<endl;rep(i, len)cerr<<std::right << std::setw((int)(sz(tos(A[i]))+(i ? 1 : 0)))<<(i%10);cerr<<endl;rep(i, len)cerr<<std::right << std::setw((int)(sz(tos(A[i]))+(i ? 1 : 0)))<<A[i];cerr<<endl;}

template<class T, class F> string deb_tos_f(vector<vector<T> > &a, F f, int key = -1) {vi hs, ws_;    int H = sz(a), W = sz(a[0]);    vi exh(H), exw(W);    rep(h, H) {        rep(w, W) {            if (f(a[h][w])) {                exh[h] = true;                exw[w] = true;            }        }    }    rep(h, H) if (exh[h])hs.push_back(h);    rep(w, W) if (exw[w])ws_.push_back(w);    return deb_tos(a, hs, ws_, key);}
template<class T, class F> string deb_tos_f(vector<vector<vector<T>>> &a, F f) {stringstream ss;    int H = sz(a);    if (sz(a) == 0)return ss.str();    rep(i, H) { ss << deb_tos_f(a[i], f, i); }    ss << "" << endl;    return ss.str();}
#define debf_normal(tab, f) do{cerr<<debugName(tab)<<" = "<<endl;cerr<< deb_tos_f(tab, f)<<endl;}while(0);
#define debf2(tab, siki_r) debf_normal(tab, lamr(siki_r))
#define debf3(tab, v, siki)  debf_normal(tab, lam(siki))
//S, sikir
//S, v, siki
#define debf(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,debf3,debf2,debf1)(__VA_ARGS__)

#else
#define deb(...) ;
#define deb2(...) ;
#define deb3(...) ;
#define deb4(...) ;
#define deb_ex(...) ;
#define debf(...) ;
#define debi(...) ;
#endif


#define debugline(x) cerr << x << " " << "(L:" << __LINE__ << ")" << '\n'

/*@formatter:off*/
using u32 = unsigned;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
using u128 = __uint128_t;

using bint =__int128;
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t value) {std::ostream::sentry s(dest);if (s) {__uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;        char buffer[128];        char *d = std::end(buffer);        do {            --d;            *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10];            tmp /= 10;        } while (tmp != 0);        if (value < 0) {            --d;            *d = '-';        }        ll len = std::end(buffer) - d;        if (dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) { dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit); }    }return dest;}
__int128 to_bint(string &s) {__int128 ret = 0;    for (ll i = 0; i < (ll) s.length(); ++i) if ('0' <= s[i] && s[i] <= '9') ret = 10 * ret + s[i] - '0';    return ret;}
void operator>>(istream &iss, bint &v) {string S;    iss >> S;    v = 0;    rep(i, sz(S)) {        v *= 10;        v += S[i] - '0';    }}

//便利関数
/*@formatter:off*/
//テスト用
#define rand xor128_
unsigned long xor128_(void) {static unsigned long x = 123456789, y = 362436069, z = 521288629, w = 88675123;    unsigned long t;    t = (x ^ (x << 11));    x = y;    y = z;    z = w;    return (w = (w ^ (w >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)));}
char ranc() { return (char) ('a' + rand() % 26); }
ll rand(ll min, ll max) {assert(min <= max);    if (min >= 0 && max >= 0) { return rand() % (max + 1 - min) + min; } else if (max < 0) { return -rand(-max, -min); } else { if (rand() % 2) { return rand(0, max); } else { return -rand(0, -min); }}}
ll rand(ll max) { return rand(0, max); }
template<class T> T rand(vector<T> &A) { return A[rand(sz(A) - 1)]; }
//重複することがある
template<class T> vector<T> ranv(vector<T> &A, int N) {vector<T> ret(N);    rep(i, N) { ret[i] = rand(A); }    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> ranv_unique(vector<T> &A, int N) {vector<T> ret(N);    umapi was;    rep(j, N) {        int i;        while (1) {            i = rand(sz(A) - 1);            if (was.find(i) == was.end())break;        }        ret[j] = A[i];        was[i] = 1;    }    return ret;}
vi ranv(ll n, ll min, ll max) {vi v(n);    rep(i, n)v[i] = rand(min, max);    return v;}

/*@formatter:off*/
#ifdef _DEBUG
bool timeup(int time) {static bool never = true;    if (never)message += "may timeup, because slow";    never = false;    auto end_time = system_clock::now();    auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end_time - start_time);    auto lim = milliseconds(time);    return part >= lim;}
#else
bool timeup(int time) {
    auto end_time = system_clock::now();
    auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end_time - start_time);
    auto lim = milliseconds(time);
    return part >= lim;
}

#endif
void set_time() { past_time = system_clock::now(); }
//MS型(millisecqnds)で返る
//set_timeをしてからの時間
auto calc_time_milli() {auto now = system_clock::now();    auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(now - past_time);    return part;}
auto calc_time_micro() {auto now = system_clock::now();    auto part = duration_cast<microseconds>(now - past_time);    return part;}
auto calc_time_nano() {auto now = system_clock::now();    auto part = duration_cast<nanoseconds>(now - past_time);    return part;}
bool calc_time(int zikan) { return calc_time_micro() >= microseconds(zikan); }
using MS=std::chrono::microseconds;
int div(microseconds a, microseconds b) { return a / b; }
int div(nanoseconds a, nanoseconds b) {if (b < nanoseconds(1)) { return a / nanoseconds(1); }    int v = a / b;    return v;}
//set_time();
//rep(i,lim)shori

//lim*=time_nanbai();
//rep(i,lim)shoriと使う
//全体でmilliかかっていいときにlimを何倍してもう一回できるかを返す
int time_nanbai(int milli) {auto dec = duration_cast<nanoseconds>(past_time - start_time);    auto part = calc_time_nano();    auto can_time = nanoseconds(milli * 1000 * 1000);    can_time -= part;    can_time -= dec;    return div(can_time, part);}

/*@formatter:off*/
//#define use_rand
#ifdef use_rand
str ransu(ll n) {str s;    rep(i, n)s += (char) rand('A', 'Z');    return s;}
str ransl(ll n) {str s;    rep(i, n)s += (char) rand('a', 'z');    return s;}
//単調増加
vi ranvinc(ll n, ll min, ll max) {vi v(n);    bool bad = 1;    while (bad) {        bad = 0;        v.resize(n);        rep(i, n) {            if (i && min > max - v[i - 1]) {                bad = 1;                break;            }            if (i)v[i] = v[i - 1] + rand(min, max - v[i - 1]); else v[i] = rand(min, max);        }    }    return v;}
//便利 汎用
#endif

void ranvlr(ll n, ll min, ll max, vi &l, vi &r) {l.resize(n);    r.resize(n);    rep(i, n) {        l[i] = rand(min, max);        r[i] = l[i] + rand(0, max - l[i]);    }}
template<class Iterable, class T = typename Iterable::value_type> vector<pair<T, int>> run_length(const Iterable &a) {vector<pair<T, int>> ret;    ret.eb(a[0], 1);    rep(i, 1, sz(a)) { if (ret.back().fi == a[i]) { ret.back().se++; } else { ret.eb(a[i], 1); }}    return ret;}

/*@formatter:off*/
//#define use_mgr //_goldd _goldt
#ifdef use_mgr
//->[i, f(i)]
template<class T, class U, class F> auto mgr(T ok, U ng, const F &f, require_arg(is_integral<T>::value &&is_integral<U>::value)) {    auto mid = (ok + ng);    if (ok < ng)        while (ng - ok > 1) {            mid = (ok + ng) >> 1;            if (f(mid))ok = mid; else ng = mid;        }    else        while (ok - ng > 1) {            mid = (ok + ng) >> 1;            if (f(mid))ok = mid; else ng = mid;        }    return ok;}
//[l, r)の中で,f(i)がtrueとなる範囲を返す okはそこに含まれる
template<class F> P mgr_range(int l, int r, F f, int ok) {if (f(ok) == 0) {        out("f(ok) must true");        re();    }    return mp(mgr(ok, l - 1, f), mgr(ok, r, f) + 1);}
template<class F> auto mgrd(dou ok, dou ng, F f, int kai = 100) {if (ok < ng)        rep(i, kai) {            dou mid = (ok + ng) / 2;            if (f(mid))ok = mid; else ng = mid;        }    else        rep(i, kai) {            dou mid = (ok + ng) / 2;            if (f(mid))ok = mid; else ng = mid;        }    return ok;}
template<class F> dou mgrd_time(dou ok, dou ng, F f, int time = 1980) {bool han = true;    if (ok < ng)        while (1) {            dou mid = (ok + ng) / 2;            if (f(mid))ok = mid, han = true; else ng = mid, han = false;            deb(mid, han);            if (timeup(time)) { break; }        }    else        while (1) {            dou mid = (ok + ng) / 2;            if (f(mid))ok = mid, han = true; else ng = mid, han = false;            deb(mid, han);            if (timeup(time)) { break; }        }    return ok;}
//todo 減らす
template<class F> auto goldd_l(ll left, ll right, F calc) {double GRATIO = 1.6180339887498948482045868343656;    ll lm = left + (ll) ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    ll rm = lm + (ll) ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    ll fl = calc(lm);    ll fr = calc(rm);    while (right - left > 10) {        if (fl < fr) {            right = rm;            rm = lm;            fr = fl;            lm = left + (ll) ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fl = calc(lm);        }        else {            left = lm;            lm = rm;            fl = fr;            rm = lm + (ll) ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fr = calc(rm);        }    }    ll minScore = MAX<ll>();    ll resIndex = left;    for (ll i = left; i < right + 1; ++i) {        ll score = calc(i);        if (minScore > score) {            minScore = score;            resIndex = i;        }    }    return make_tuple(resIndex, calc(resIndex));}
template<class F> auto goldt_l(ll left, ll right, F calc) {double GRATIO = 1.6180339887498948482045868343656;    ll lm = left + (ll) ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    ll rm = lm + (ll) ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    ll fl = calc(lm);    ll fr = calc(rm);    while (right - left > 10) {        if (fl > fr) {            right = rm;            rm = lm;            fr = fl;            lm = left + (ll) ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fl = calc(lm);        }        else {            left = lm;            lm = rm;            fl = fr;            rm = lm + (ll) ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fr = calc(rm);        }    }    if (left > right) {        ll l = left;        left = right;        right = l;    }    ll maxScore = MIN<ll>();    ll resIndex = left;    for (ll i = left; i < right + 1; ++i) {        ll score = calc(i);        if (maxScore < score) {            maxScore = score;            resIndex = i;        }    }    return make_tuple(resIndex, calc(resIndex));}
/*loopは200にすればおそらく大丈夫 余裕なら300に*/
template<class F> auto goldd_d(dou left, dou right, F calc, ll loop = 200) {dou GRATIO = 1.6180339887498948482045868343656;    dou lm = left + ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    dou rm = lm + ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    dou fl = calc(lm);    dou fr = calc(rm);    /*200にすればおそらく大丈夫*/    /*余裕なら300に*/    ll k = 141;    loop++;    while (--loop) {        if (fl < fr) {            right = rm;            rm = lm;            fr = fl;            lm = left + ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fl = calc(lm);        }        else {            left = lm;            lm = rm;            fl = fr;            rm = lm + ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fr = calc(rm);        }    }    return make_tuple(left, calc(left));}
template<class F> auto goldt_d(dou left, dou right, F calc, ll loop = 200) {double GRATIO = 1.6180339887498948482045868343656;    dou lm = left + ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    dou rm = lm + ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));    dou fl = calc(lm);    dou fr = calc(rm);    loop++;    while (--loop) {        if (fl > fr) {            right = rm;            rm = lm;            fr = fl;            lm = left + ((right - left) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fl = calc(lm);        }        else {            left = lm;            lm = rm;            fl = fr;            rm = lm + ((right - lm) / (GRATIO + 1.0));            fr = calc(rm);        }    }    return make_tuple(left, calc(left));}
//l ~ rを複数の区間に分割し、極致を与えるiを返す time-20 msまで探索
template<class F> auto goldd_ls(ll l, ll r, F calc, ll time = 2000) {    auto lim = milliseconds(time - 20);    ll mini = 0, minv = MAX<ll>();    /*区間をk分割する*/    rep(k, 1, inf) {        auto s = system_clock::now();        ll haba = (r - l + k) / k;/*((r-l+1) + k-1) /k*/        ll nl = l;        ll nr = l + haba;        rep(i, k) {            ll ni = goldd_l(nl, nr, calc);            if (chmi(minv, calc(ni))) mini = ni;            nl = nr;            nr = nl + haba;        }        auto end = system_clock::now();        auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - s);        auto elapsed = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - start_time);        if (elapsed + part * 2 >= lim) { break; }    }    return make_tuple(mini, calc(mini));}
template<class F> auto goldt_ls(ll l, ll r, F calc, ll time = 2000) {auto lim = milliseconds(time - 20);    ll maxi = 0, maxv = MIN<ll>();    /*区間をk分割する*/    rep(k, 1, inf) {        auto s = system_clock::now();        ll haba = (r - l + k) / k;/*((r-l+1) + k-1) /k*/        ll nl = l;        ll nr = l + haba;        rep(i, k) {            ll ni = goldt_l(nl, nr, calc);            if (chma(maxv, calc(ni))) maxi = ni;            nl = nr;            nr = nl + haba;        }        auto end = system_clock::now();        auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - s);        auto elapsed = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - start_time);        if (elapsed + part * 2 >= lim) { break; }    }    return make_tuple(maxi, calc(maxi));}
template<class F> auto goldd_d_s(dou l, dou r, F calc, ll time = 2000) {    /*20ms余裕を持つ*/    auto lim = milliseconds(time - 20);    dou mini = 0, minv = MAX<dou>();    /*区間をk分割する*/    rep(k, 1, inf) {        auto s = system_clock::now();        dou haba = (r - l) / k;        dou nl = l;        dou nr = l + haba;        rep(i, k) {            dou ni = goldd_d(nl, nr, calc);            if (chmi(minv, calc(ni))) mini = ni;            nl = nr;            nr = nl + haba;        }        auto end = system_clock::now();        auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - s);        auto elapsed = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - start_time);        if (elapsed + part * 2 >= lim) { break; }    }    return make_tuple(mini, calc(mini));}
template<class F> auto goldt_d_s(dou l, dou r, F calc, ll time = 2000) {    /*20ms余裕を残している*/    auto lim = milliseconds(time - 20);    dou maxi = 0, maxv = MIN<dou>();    /*区間をk分割する*/    rep(k, 1, inf) {        auto s = system_clock::now();        dou haba = (r - l) / k;        dou nl = l;        dou nr = l + haba;        rep(i, k) {            dou ni = goldt_d(nl, nr, calc);            if (chma(maxv, calc(ni))) maxi = ni;            nl = nr;            nr = nl + haba;        }        auto end = system_clock::now();        auto part = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - s);        auto elapsed = duration_cast<milliseconds>(end - start_time);        if (elapsed + part * 2 >= lim) { break; }    }    return make_tuple(maxi, calc(maxi));}
#endif

//strを整数として比較
string smax(str &a, str b) { if (sz(a) < sz(b)) { return b; } else if (sz(a) > sz(b)) { return a; } else if (a < b)return b; else return a; }
//strを整数として比較
string smin(str &a, str b) { if (sz(a) > sz(b)) { return b; } else if (sz(a) < sz(b)) { return a; } else if (a > b)return b; else return a; }
//エラー-1
template<typename W, typename T> ll find(vector<W> &a, int l, const T key) {rep(i, l, sz(a))if (a[i] == key)return i;return -1;}
template<typename W, typename T> ll find(vector<W> &a, const T key) {rep(i, sz(a))if (a[i] == key)return i;return -1;}
template<typename W, typename T> P find(vector<vector<W >> &a, const T key) {rep(i, sz(a))rep(j, sz(a[0]))if (a[i][j] == key)return mp(i, j);return mp(-1, -1);}
//getid(find())を返す 1次元にする
template<typename W, typename T> int findi(vector<vector<W >> &a, const T key) {rep(i, sz(a))rep(j, sz(a[0]))if (a[i][j] == key)return i * sz(a[0]) + j;return -1;}
template<typename W, typename U> tuple<int, int, int> find(vector<vector<vector<W >>> &a, const U key) {    rep(i, sz(a))rep(j, sz(a[0]))rep(k, sz(a[0][0]))if (a[i][j][k] == key)return tuple<int, int, int>(i, j, k);    return tuple<int, int, int>(-1, -1, -1);}
//無ければ-1
int find(string &s, const string key) {    int klen = sz(key);    rep(i, sz(s) - klen + 1) {        if (s[i] != key[0])continue;        if (s.substr(i, klen) == key) { return i; }    }return -1;}
int find(string &s, int l, const string key) {    int klen = sz(key);    rep(i, l, sz(s) - klen + 1) {        if (s[i] != key[0])continue;        if (s.substr(i, klen) == key) { return i; }    }    return -1;}
int find(string &s, const char key) {    rep(i, sz(s)) { if (s[i] == key)return i; }    return -1;}
int find(string &s, int l, const char key) {    rep(i, l, sz(s)) { if (s[i] == key)return i; }    return -1;}
//N箇所について右のkeyの場所を返す
template<typename W, typename T> vi finds(const W &a, const T& key) {    int n = sz(a);    vi rpos(n, -1);    rer(i, n-1){        if(i<n-1){            rpos[i] = rpos[i+1];        }        if(a[i]==key)rpos[i] = i;    }    return rpos;}
template<typename W, typename T> vi rfinds(const W &a, const T& key) {    int n = sz(a);    vi lpos(n, -1);    rep(i, n){        if(i> 0){            lpos[i] = lpos[i-1];        }        if(a[i]==key)lpos[i] = i;    }    return lpos;}
//todoz
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
template<typename W, typename T, class Iterable = typename W::value_type>
ll count(const W &a, const T &k) { return count_if(a, ==k); }
/*@formatter:on*/
template<typename W, class Iterable = typename W::value_type> vi count(const W &a) {
    vi res;
    for_each(a, v, if (sz(res) <= (int) v)res.resize((int) v + 1);
            res[v]++;);
    return res;
}
#endif
/*@formatter:off*/
ll count(const str &a, const str &k) {    ll ret = 0, len = k.length();    auto pos = a.find(k);    while (pos != string::npos)pos = a.find(k, pos + len), ++ret;    return ret;}
/*@formatter:off*/
//'a' = 'A' = 0 として集計 既に-'a'されていても動く
vi count(str &a, int l, int r) {    vi cou(26);    char c = 'a';    if ('A' <= a[l] && a[l] <= 'Z')c = 'A';    if ('a' <= a[l] && a[l] <= 'z') c = 'a'; else c = 0;    rep(i, l, r)++cou[a[i] - c];    return cou;}
#define couif count_if
//algorythm
ll rev(ll a) {    ll res = 0;    while (a) {        res *= 10;        res += a % 10;        a /= 10;    }    return res;}
template<class T> auto rev(const vector<T> &a) {    auto b = a;    reverse(ALL(b));    return b;}
/* ＼反転  */                                                                                        template<class U>
auto rev(vector<vector<U>> &a) {    vector<vector<U> > b(sz(a[0]), vector<U>(sz(a)));    rep(h, sz(a)) rep(w, sz(a[0]))b[w][h] = a[h][w];    return b;}
/* ｜反転  */                                                                                        template<class U>
auto revw(vector<vector<U>> &a) {    vector<vector<U> > b(sz(a), vector<U>(sz(a[0])));    int W = sz(a[0]);    rep(h, sz(a)) rep(w, sz(a[0])) { b[h][W - 1 - w] = a[h][w]; }    return b;}

/* ー反転  */                                                                                        template<class U>
auto revh(vector<vector<U>> &a) {    vector<vector<U> > b(sz(a), vector<U>(sz(a[0])));    int H = sz(a);    rep(h, sz(a)) rep(w, sz(a[0])) { b[H - 1 - h][w] = a[h][w]; }    return b;}

/* ／反転  */                                                                                        template<class U>
auto revr(vector<vector<U>> &a) {    vector<vector<U> > b(sz(a[0]), vector<U>(sz(a)));    int H = sz(a);    int W = sz(a[0]);    rep(h, sz(a)) rep(w, sz(a[0]))b[w][h] = a[H - 1 - h][W - 1 - w];    return b;}

auto rev(const string &a) {    string b = a;    reverse(ALL(b));    return b;}
template<class T> auto rev(const T &v, int i) {return v[sz(v) - 1 - i];}
int rev(int N, int i) {return N-1-i;}
constexpr ll p10[] = {1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000, 10000000000ll, 100000000000ll, 1000000000000ll, 10000000000000ll, 100000000000000ll, 1000000000000000ll, 10000000000000000ll, 100000000000000000ll, 1000000000000000000ll};

//0は0桁
ll keta(ll v, int if_zero_res) { if(!v)return if_zero_res;if (v < p10[9]) { if (v < p10[4]) { if (v < p10[2]) { if (v < p10[1]) { if (v < p10[0])return 0; else return 1; } else return 2; } else { if (v < p10[3]) return 3; else return 4; }} else { if (v < p10[7]) { if (v < p10[5]) return 5; else if (v < p10[6])return 6; else return 7; } else { if (v < p10[8])return 8; else return 9; }}} else { if (v < p10[13]) { if (v < p10[11]) { if (v < p10[10]) return 10; else return 11; } else { if (v < p10[12]) return 12; else return 13; }} else { if (v < p10[15]) { if (v < p10[14]) return 14; else return 15; } else { if (v < p10[17]) { if (v < p10[16]) return 16; else return 17; } else { if (v < p10[18])return 18; else return 19; }}}}}
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
ll getr(ll a, ll keta) { return (a / pow<ll>(10, keta)) % 10; }
#else
ll getr(ll a, ll keta) { return (a / (int)pow(10, keta)) % 10; }
#endif
//上から何桁目か
ll getl(ll a, ll ket) {int sketa = keta(a, 1);return getr(a, sketa - 1 - ket);}
ll dsum(ll v, ll sin = 10) {ll ret = 0;for (; v; v /= sin)ret += v % sin;return ret;}

ll mask10(ll v) { return p10[v] - 1; }
//変換系

template<class T, class U> auto to_v1(vector<reference_wrapper<U>>& ret, vector<T> &A) {    rep(i, sz(A))ret.push_back(A[i]);    return ret;}
template<class T, class U> auto to_v1(vector<reference_wrapper<U>>& ret, vector<vector<T> > &A) {rep(i, sz(A))to_v1(ret, A[i]);return ret;}
//参照付きで1次元に起こす
template<class T> auto to_v1(vector<vector<T> > &A) {    vector<reference_wrapper<decl2(A)>> ret;    rep(i, sz(A))to_v1(ret, A[i]);    return ret;}

//[v] := iとなるようなvectorを返す
//存在しない物は-1
//空でも動く(なぜか)
template<class T> auto keys(const T& a) {    vector<decltype((a.begin())->fi)> res;    for (auto &&k :a)res.push_back(k.fi);    return res;}
template<class T> auto values(const T& a) {    vector<decltype((a.begin())->se)> res;    for (auto &&k :a)res.push_back(k.se);    return res;}
//todo 可変長で
template<class T> constexpr T min(T a, T b, T c) { return a >= b ? b >= c ? c : b : a >= c ? c : a; }
template<class T> constexpr T max(T a, T b, T c) { return a <= b ? b <= c ? c : b : a <= c ? c : a; }
template<class T> T min(vector<T> &a, ll s = -1, ll n = -1) { set_lr12(s, n, sz(a)); return *min_element(a.begin() + s, a.begin() + min(n, sz(a))); }
template<class T> T max(vector<T> &a, ll s = -1, ll n = -1) { set_lr12(s, n,sz(a)); return *max_element(a.begin() + s, a.begin() + min(n, sz(a))); }
template<class T> T mini(const vector<T> &a) { return min_element(ALL(a)) - a.begin(); }
template<class T> T maxi(const vector<T> &a) { return max_element(ALL(a)) - a.begin(); }
template<class T> T sum(const vector<T> &A, int l = -1, int r = -1) {    T s = 0;    set_lr12(l, r, sz(A));    rep(i, l, r)s += A[i];    return s;}
template<class T> auto sum(const vector<vector<T>> &A) {    decl2(A) s = 0;    rep(i, sz(A))s += sum(A[i]);    return s;}
template<class T> T min(const vector<T>& A, int l = -1, int r = -1 ){T s=MAX<T>();set_lr12(l, r, sz(A));rep(i, l, r)s=min(s, A[i]);return s;}
template<class T> auto min(const vector<vector<T>>& A ){using S =decl2(A);S s=MAX<S>();rep(i, sz(A))s=min(s, A[i]);return s;}
template<class T> T max(const vector<T>& A, int l = -1, int r = -1 ){T s=MIN<T>();set_lr12(l, r, sz(A));rep(i, l, r); rep(i, l, r)s=max(s, A[i]);return s;}
template<class T> auto max(const vector<vector<T>>& A ){using S =decl2(A);S s=MIN<S>();rep(i, sz(A))s=max(s, A[i]);return s;}
template<class T> T mul(vector<T> &v, ll t = inf) {    T ret = v[0];    rep(i, 1, min(t, sz(v)))ret *= v[i];    return ret;}

//template<class T, class U, class... W>  auto sumn(vector<T> &v, U head, W... tail) {    auto ret = sum(v[0], tail...);    rep(i, 1, min(sz(v), head))ret += sum(v[i], tail...);    return ret;}
//indexを持つvectorを返す
vi inds_(vi &a) {    int n = max(a) + 1;    vi ret(n, -1);    rep(i, sz(a)) { assert(ret[a[i]] ==-1);ret[a[i]] = i; }    return ret;}
void clear(PQ &q) { q = PQ(); }
void clear(priority_queue<int> &q) { q = priority_queue<int>(); }
template<class T> void clear(queue<T> &q) { while (q.size())q.pop(); }
//template<class T> T *negarr(ll size) {    T *body = (T *) malloc((size * 2 + 1) * sizeof(T));    return body + size;}
//template<class T> T *negarr2(ll h, ll w) {    double **dummy1 = new double *[2 * h + 1];    double *dummy2 = new double[(2 * h + 1) * (2 * w + 1)];    dummy1[0] = dummy2 + w;    for (ll i = 1; i <= 2 * h + 1; ++i) { dummy1[i] = dummy1[i - 1] + 2 * w + 1; }    double **a = dummy1 + h;    return a;}


template<class T> struct ruiC {
    vector<T> rui;
    ruiC(vector<T> &ru) : rui(ru) {}
    /*先頭0*/
    ruiC() : rui(1, 0) {}
    T operator()(ll l, ll r) {        if (l > r) {            cerr << "ruic ";            deb(l, r);            assert(0);        }        return rui[r] - rui[l];    }
    T operator()(int r = inf) { return operator()(0, min(r, sz(rui) - 1)); }
    /*ruiv[]をruic[]に変えた際意味が変わるのがまずいため()と統一*/
    /*単体iを返す 累積でないことに注意(seg木との統一でこうしている)*/
//    T operator[](ll i) { return rui[i + 1] - rui[i]; }
    T operator[](ll i) { return rui[i]; }
    /*0から順に追加される必要がある*/
    void operator+=(T v) { rui.push_back(rui.back() + v); }
    void add(int i, T v) {if (sz(rui) - 1 != i)ole();operator+=(v);}
    T back() { return rui.back(); }
    ll size() { return rui.size(); }
    auto begin() { return rui.begin(); }
    auto end() { return rui.end(); }
};
template<class T> string deb_tos(ruiC<T> &a) {return deb_tos(a.rui);}
template<class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, ruiC<T> a) {    fora(v, a.rui){os << v << " "; }   return os;}
template<class T> vector<T> ruiv(vector<T> &a) {    vector<T> ret(a.size() + 1);    rep(i, a.size())ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + a[i];    return ret;}
template<class T> ruiC<T> ruic(vector<T> &a) {    vector<T> ret = ruiv(a);    return ruiC<T>(ret);}
template<class T> ruiC<T> ruic() { return ruiC<T>(); }
//imoは0-indexed
//ruiは1-indexed
template<class T> vector<T> imo(vector<T> &v) {    vector<T> ret = v;    rep(i, sz(ret) - 1)ret[i + 1] += ret[i];    return ret;}

//#define use_rui //_imo _ruic _ruiv
#ifdef use_rui
//kと同じものの数
template<class T, class U> vi imo(const vector<T> &a, U k) {    vi equ(sz(a));    rep(i, sz(a)){        equ[i] = a[i]==k;    }    return imo(equ);}
template<class T> vector<T> imox(vector<T> &v) {    vector<T> ret = v;    rep(i, sz(ret) - 1)ret[i + 1] ^= ret[i];    return ret;}
//漸化的に最小を持つ
template<class T> vector<T> imi(vector<T> &v) {    vector<T> ret = v;    rep(i, sz(ret) - 1)chmi(ret[i + 1], ret[i]);    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> ima(vector<T> &v) {    vector<T> ret = v;    rep(i, sz(ret) - 1)chma(ret[i + 1], ret[i]);    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> rimi(vector<T> &v) {    vector<T> ret = v;    rer(i, sz(ret) - 1, 1)chmi(ret[i - 1], ret[i]);    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> rima(vector<T> &v) {    vector<T> ret = v;    rer(i, sz(ret) - 1, 1)chma(ret[i - 1], ret[i]);    return ret;}
template<class T> struct ruimax {
    template<typename Monoid> struct SegmentTree {        /*pairで処理*/        int sz;        vector<Monoid> seg;        const Monoid M1 = mp(MIN<T>(), -1);        Monoid f(Monoid a, Monoid b) { return max(a, b); }        void build(vector<T> &a) {            int n = sz(a);            sz = 1;            while (sz < n) sz <<= 1;            seg.assign(2 * sz, M1);            rep(i, n) { seg[i + sz] = mp(a[i], i); }            for (int k = sz - 1; k > 0; k--) { seg[k] = f(seg[k << 1], seg[(k << 1) | 1]); }        }        Monoid query(int a, int b) {            Monoid L = M1, R = M1;            for (a += sz, b += sz; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {                if (a & 1) L = f(L, seg[a++]);                if (b & 1) R = f(seg[--b], R);            }            return f(L, R);        }        Monoid operator[](const int &k) const { return seg[k + sz]; }    };
private:
    vector<T> ve;
    SegmentTree<pair<T, int>> seg;
    vector<T> rv;
    vector<int> ri;
    bool build = false;
public:
    int n;
    ruimax(vector<T> &a) : ve(a), n(sz(a)) {        int index = -1;        T ma = MIN<T>();        rv.resize(n + 1);        ri.resize(n + 1);        rv[0] = -INF<T>;        ri[0] = -1;        rep(i, n) {            if (chma(ma, a[i])) { index = i; }            rv[i + 1] = ma;            ri[i + 1] = index;        }    }
    T operator()(int l, int r) {        if (!(l <= r && 0 <= l && r <= n)) {            deb(l, r, n);            assert(0);        }        if (l == 0) { return rv[r]; }        else {            if (!build)seg.build(ve), build = true;            return seg.query(l, r).first;        }    }
    T operator()(int r = inf) { return operator()(0, min(r, n)); }
    T operator[](int r) { return operator()(0, r); }
    T getv(int l, int r) { return operator()(l, r); }
    T getv(int r = inf) { return getv(0, min(r, n)); };
    int geti(int l, int r) {        assert(l <= r && 0 <= l && r <= n);        if (l == 0) { return ri[r]; }        else {            if (!build)seg.build(ve), build = true;            return seg.query(l, r).second;        }    }
    int geti(int r = inf) { return geti(0, min(r, n)); };
    auto begin() { return rv.begin(); }
    auto end() { return rv.end(); }
};
template<class T> struct ruimin {
    template<typename Monoid> struct SegmentTree {  /*pairで処理*/         int sz;vector<Monoid> seg;        const Monoid M1 = mp(MAX<T>(), -1);        Monoid f(Monoid a, Monoid b) { return min(a, b); }        void build(vector<T> &a) {            int n = sz(a);            sz = 1;            while (sz < n) sz <<= 1;            seg.assign(2 * sz, M1);            rep(i, n) { seg[i + sz] = mp(a[i], i); }            for (int k = sz - 1; k > 0; k--) { seg[k] = f(seg[k << 1], seg[(k << 1) | 1]); }        }        Monoid query(int a, int b) {            Monoid L = M1, R = M1;            for (a += sz, b += sz; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {                if (a & 1) L = f(L, seg[a++]);                if (b & 1) R = f(seg[--b], R);            }            return f(L, R);        }        Monoid operator[](const int &k) const { return seg[k + sz]; }    };
private:
    vector<T> ve;
    SegmentTree<pair<T, int>> seg;
    vector<T> rv;
    vector<int> ri;
    bool build = false;
    int n;
public:
    ruimin(vector<T> &a) : ve(a), n(sz(a)) {        int index = -1;        T mi = MAX<T>();        rv.resize(n + 1);        ri.resize(n + 1);        rv[0] = INF<T>;        ri[0] = -1;        rep(i, n) {            if (chmi(mi, a[i])) { index = i; }            rv[i + 1] = mi;            ri[i + 1] = index;        }    }
    T operator()(int l, int r) {        assert(l <= r && 0 <= l && r <= n);        if (l == 0) { return rv[r]; }        else {            if (!build)seg.build(ve), build = true;            return seg.query(l, r).first;        }    }
    T operator()(int r = inf) { return operator()(0, min(r, n)); }
    T operator[](int r) { return operator()(0, r); }
    T getv(int l, int r) { return operator()(l, r); }
    T getv(int r = inf) { return getv(0, min(r, n)); };
    int geti(int l, int r) {        {            assert(l <= r && 0 <= l && r <= n);            if (l == 0) { return ri[r]; }            else {                if (!build)seg.build(ve), build = true;                return seg.query(l, r).second;            }        }        assert(l <= r && 0 <= l && r <= n);        if (l == 0) { return ri[r]; }        else {            if (!build)seg.build(ve), build = true;            return seg.query(l, r).second;        }    }
    int geti(int r = inf) { return geti(0, min(r, n)); };
    auto begin() { return rv.begin(); }
    auto end() { return rv.end(); }
};/*@formatter:off*/

vvi() ruib(vi &a) {    vvi(res, 61, sz(a) + 1);    rep(k, 61) { rep(i, sz(a)) { res[k][i + 1] = res[k][i] + ((a[i] >> k) & 1); }}    return res;}
vector<ruiC<int>> ruibc(vi &a) {vector<ruiC<int>> ret(61);    vvi(res, 61, sz(a));    rep(k, 61) {        rep(i, sz(a)) { res[k][i] = (a[i] >> k) & 1; }        ret[k] = ruic(res[k]);    }    return ret;}
vector<ll> ruiv(string &a) {    if (sz(a) == 0)return vi(1);    ll dec = ('0' <= a[0] && a[0] <= '9') ? '0' : 0;    vector<ll> ret(a.size() + 1);    rep(i, a.size())ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + a[i] - dec;    return ret;}
ruiC<ll> ruic(string &a) {    vector<ll> ret = ruiv(a);    return ruiC<ll>(ret);}
//kと同じものの数
template<class T, class U> vi ruiv(T &a, U k) {    vi ret(a.size() + 1);    rep(i, a.size())ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + (a[i] == k);    return ret;}
template<class T, class U> ruiC<ll> ruic(T &a, U k) {    vi ret = ruiv(a, k);    return ruiC<ll>(ret);}
template<class T> struct ruiC2 {
    int H;
    vector<ruiC<T>> rui;
    ruiC2(vector<vector<T>> &ru) : rui(sz(ru)), H(sz(ru)) { for (int h = 0; h < H; h++) { rui[h] = ruic(ru[h]); }}
    //WについてHを返す
    vector<T> operator()(ll l, ll r) {        if (l > r) {            cerr << "ruic ";            deb(l, r);            assert(0);        }        vector<T> res(H);        for (int h = 0; h < H; h++)res[h] = rui[h](l, r);        return res;    }
    //HについてWを返す
    ruiC<T> &operator[](ll h) {        assert(h < H);        return rui[h];    }
    //    vector<T> operator()(int r) { return operator()(0, r); }
    /*ruiv[]をruic[]に変えた際意味が変わるのがまずいため()と統一*/
    /*単体iを返す 累積でないことに注意(seg木との統一でこうしている)*/
//    T operator[](ll i) { return rui[i + 1] - rui[i]; }
    /*0から順に追加される必要がある*/
//    T back() { return rui.back(); }
//    ll size() { return rui.size(); }
//    auto begin(){return rui.begin();}
//    auto end(){return rui.end();}
};

//a~zを0~25として
// rui(l,r)でvector(26文字について, l~rのcの個数)
// rui[h] ruic()を返す
ruiC2<ll> ruicou(str &a) {    str s = a;    replace(s);    vector<ruiC<ll>> res(26);    vvi(cou, 26, sz(s));    rep(i, sz(s)) { cou[s[i]][i] = 1; }    return ruiC2<ll>(cou);}
ruiC2<ll> ruicou(vi &a) {    int H = max(a) + 1;    vector<ruiC<ll>> res(H);    vvi(cou, H, sz(a));    rep(i, sz(a)) { cou[a[i]][i] = 1; }    return ruiC2<ll>(cou);}
template<class T, class U> ruiC<ll> ruicou(vector<T> &a, U b) {    vi cou(sz(a));    rep(i, sz(a)) { cou[i] = a[i] == b; }    return ruic(cou);}
//h query
template<class T> vector<T> imoh(vector<vector<T>> &v, int w) {    vector<T> ret(sz(v));    rep(h, sz(ret)) { ret[h] = v[h][w]; }    rep(i, sz(ret) - 1) { ret[i + 1] += ret[i]; }    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> ruih(vector<vector<T>> &v, int w) {    vector<T> ret(sz(v) + 1);    rep(h, sz(v)) { ret[h + 1] = v[h][w]; }    rep(i, sz(v)) { ret[i + 1] += ret[i]; }    return ret;}
template<class T> ruiC<T> ruihc(vector<vector<T>> &a, int w) {    vector<T> ret = ruih(a, w);    return ruiC<T>(ret);}

//xor
template<class T> struct ruixC {
    vector<T> rui;
    ruixC(vector<T> &ru) : rui(ru) {}
    T operator()(ll l, ll r) {        if (l > r) {            cerr << "ruiXc ";            deb(l, r);            assert(0);        }        return rui[r] ^ rui[l];    }
    T operator[](ll i) { return rui[i]; }
    T back() { return rui.back(); }
    ll size() { return rui.size(); }
};
template<class T> vector<T> ruix(vector<T> &a) {    vector<T> ret(a.size() + 1);    rep(i, a.size())ret[i + 1] = ret[i] ^ a[i];    return ret;}
template<class T> ruixC<ll> ruixc(vector<T> &a) {    vi ret = ruix(a);    return ruixC<ll>(ret);}
//差分を返す(累積を取ると元に戻る)
//101なら
//1111を返す
//元の配列で[l, r)へのxorは
//[l]と[r]へのxorになる https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc155/tasks/abc155_f
vi ruix_diff(vi &A) {    int N = sz(A);    assert(N);    vi res(N + 1);    res[0] = A[0];    rep(i, 1, N) { res[i] = A[i - 1] ^ A[i]; }    res[N] = A[N - 1];    return res;}

template<class T> vector<T> ruim(vector<T> &a) {    vector<T> res(a.size() + 1, 1);    rep(i, a.size())res[i + 1] = res[i] * a[i];    return res;}
//漸化的に最小を1indexで持つ
template<class T> vector<T> ruimi(vector<T> &a) {ll n = sz(a);    vector<T> ret(n + 1);    rep(i, 1, n) {        ret[i] = a[i - 1];        chmi(ret[i + 1], ret[i]);    }    return ret;}
//template<class T> T *rrui(vector<T> &a) {
//右から左にかけての半開区間 (-1 n-1]
template<class T> struct rruiC {
    vector<T> rui;
    int n;
    rruiC(vector<T> &a) : n(sz(a)) {        rui.resize(n + 1);        rer(i, n - 1) { rui[i] = rui[i + 1] + a[i]; }    }
    /*[r l)*/
    T operator()(int r, int l) {        r++;        l++;        assert(l <= r && l >= 0 && r <= n);        return rui[l] - rui[r];    }
    T operator()(int l) { return operator()(n - 1, l); }
    T operator[](int i) { return operator()(i); }
};
template<class T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, rruiC<T> a) {    fora(v, a.rui){os << v << " "; }   return os;}
template<class T> string deb_tos(rruiC<T> &a) {return deb_tos(a.rui);}

#define rrui rruic
template<class T> rruiC<T> rruic(vector<T> &a) { return rruiC<T>(a); }

//掛け算
template<class T> struct ruimulC {
    vector<T> rv;
    int n;
    ruimulC(vector<T> &a) : rv(a), n(sz(a)) {        rv.resize(n + 1);        rv[0] = 1;        rep(i, n) { rv[i + 1] = a[i] * rv[i]; }    }
    ruimulC() : n(0) {        rv.resize(n + 1);        rv[0] = 1;    }
    void operator+=(T v) {        rv.push_back(rv.back() * v);        n++;    }
    T operator()(int l, int r) {        assert(l <= r && 0 <= l && r <= n);        return rv[r] / rv[l];    }
    T operator()(int r = inf) { return operator()(0, min(r, n)); }
    T operator[](int r) { return operator()(0, r); }
    auto begin() { return rv.begin(); }
    auto end() { return rv.end(); }
};
template<class T> ruimulC<T> ruimul(vector<T> &a) { return ruimulC<T>(a); }
template<class T> ruimulC<T> ruimul() {    vector<T> a;    return ruimulC<T>(a);}
template<class T> T *rruim(vector<T> &a) {    ll len = a.size();    T *body = (T *) malloc((len + 1) * sizeof(T));    T *res = body + 1;    res[len - 1] = 1;    rer(i, len - 1)res[i - 1] = res[i] * a[i];    return res;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T lowerBound(ruiC <T> &a, U v, W banpei) { return lowerBound(a.rui, v, banpei); }
template<class T, class U, class W> T upperBound(ruiC <T> &a, U v, W banpei) { return upperBound(a.rui, v, banpei); }
template<class T, class U, class W> T rlowerBound(ruiC <T> &a, U v, W banpei) { return rlowerBound(a.rui, v, banpei); }
template<class T, class U, class W> T rupperBound(ruiC <T> &a, U v, W banpei) { return rupperBound(a.rui, v, banpei); }
#endif

constexpr bool bget(ll m, ll keta) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    assert(keta <= 62);//オーバーフロー 1^62までしか扱えない
#endif
    return (m >> keta) & 1;
}
//bget(n)次元
//                          NならN-1まで
vector<vi> bget2(vi &a, int keta_size) {    vvi(res, keta_size, sz(a));    rep(k, keta_size) { rep(i, sz(a)) { res[k][i] = bget(a[i], k); }}    return res;}
vi bget1(vi &a, int keta) {    vi res(sz(a));    rep(i, sz(a)) { res[i] = bget(a[i], keta); }    return res;}
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
ll bget(ll m, ll keta, ll sinsuu) {    m /= pow<ll>(sinsuu, keta);    return m % sinsuu;}
#else
ll bget(ll m, ll keta, ll sinsuu) {    m /= (ll)pow(sinsuu, keta);    return m % sinsuu;}
#endif
constexpr ll bit(ll n) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    assert(n <= 62);//オーバーフロー 1^62までしか扱えない
#endif
    return (1LL << (n));
}
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
ll bit(ll n, ll sinsuu) { return pow<ll>(sinsuu, n); }
#else
ll bit(ll n, ll sinsuu) { return (ll)pow(sinsuu, n); }
#endif
ll mask(ll n) { return (1ll << n) - 1; }
//aをbitに置きなおす
//{0, 2} -> 101
ll bit(const vi &a) {    int m = 0;    for (auto &&v:a) m |= bit(v);    return m;}

//{1, 1, 0} -> 011
//bitsetに置き換える感覚 i が立っていたら i bit目を立てる
ll bit_bool(vi &a) {    int m = 0;    rep(i, sz(a)) if (a[i])m |= bit(i);    return m;}
#define bcou __builtin_popcountll
//最下位ビット
ll lbit(ll n) { assert(n);return n & -n; }
ll lbiti(ll n) { assert(n);return log2(n & -n); }
//最上位ビット
ll hbit(ll n) {    assert(n);n |= (n >> 1);    n |= (n >> 2);    n |= (n >> 4);    n |= (n >> 8);    n |= (n >> 16);    n |= (n >> 32);    return n - (n >> 1);}
ll hbiti(ll n) { assert(n);return log2(hbit(n)); }
//ll hbitk(ll n) {    ll k = 0;    rer(i, 5) {        ll a = k + (1ll << i);        ll b = 1ll << a;        if (b <= n)k += 1ll << i;    }    return k;}
//初期化は0を渡す
ll nextComb(ll &mask, ll n, ll r) {    if (!mask)return mask = (1LL << r) - 1;    ll x = mask & -mask; /*最下位の1*/    ll y = mask + x; /*連続した下の1を繰り上がらせる*/    ll res = ((mask & ~y) / x >> 1) | y;    if (bget(res, n))return mask = 0; else return mask = res;}
//n桁以下でビットがr個立っているもののvectorを返す
vi bitCombList(ll n, ll r) {    vi res;    ll m = 0;    while (nextComb(m, n, r)) { res.push_back(m); }    return res;}
/*over*/#define forbit1_2(i, mas) for (int forbitj = !mas ? 0 : lbit(mas), forbitm = mas, i = !mas ? 0 :log2(forbitj); forbitm; forbitm = forbitm ^ forbitj, forbitj = !forbitm ? 1 : lbit(forbitm), i = log2(forbitj))
/*over*/#define forbit1_3(i, N, mas) for (int forbitj = !mas ? 0 : lbit(mas), forbitm = mas, i = !mas ? 0 :log2(forbitj); forbitm  && i < N; forbitm = forbitm ^ forbitj, forbitj = !forbitm ? 1 : lbit(forbitm), i = log2(forbitj))
//masの立ってるindexを見る
//              i, [N], mas
#define forbit1(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__, forbit1_3, forbit1_2)(__VA_ARGS__)
//masが立っていないindexを見る
//              i, N, mas
#define forbit0(i, N, mas) forbit1(i, mask(N) & (~(mas)))

//forsubをスニペットして使う
//Mの部分集合(0,M含む)を見る 3^sz(S)個ある
#define forsub_all(m, M) for (int m = M; m != -1; m = m == 0 ? -1 : (m - 1) & M)
//BASE進数
template<size_t BASE> class base_num {
    int v;
public:
    base_num(int v = 0) : v(v) {};
    int operator[](int i) { return bget(v, i, BASE); }
    void operator++() { v++; }
    void operator++(signed) { v++; }
    operator int() { return v; }
};
#define base3(mas, lim, BASE) for (base_num<BASE> mas; mas < lim; mas++)
#define base2(mas, lim) base3(mas, lim, 2)
#define base(...) over3(__VA_ARGS__,base3,base2,base1)(__VA_ARGS__)


//aにある物をtrueとする
vb bool_(vi a, int n) {    vb ret(max(max(a) + 1, n));    rep(i, sz(a))ret[a[i]] = true;    return ret;}

char itoal(ll i) { return 'a' + i; }
char itoaL(ll i) { return 'A' + i; }
ll altoi(char c) {    if ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z')return c - 'A';    return c - 'a';}
ll ctoi(char c) { return c - '0'; }
char itoc(ll i) { return i + '0'; }
ll vtoi(vi &v) {    ll res = 0;    if (sz(v) > 18) {        debugline("vtoi");        deb(sz(v));        ole();    }    rep(i, sz(v)) {        res *= 10;        res += v[i];    }    return res;}
vi itov(ll i) {    vi res;    while (i) {        res.push_back(i % 10);        i /= 10;    }    res = rev(res);    return res;}
vi stov(string &a) {    ll n = sz(a);    vi ret(n);    rep(i, n) { ret[i] = a[i] - '0'; }    return ret;}
//基準を満たさないものは0になる
vi stov(string &a, char one) {    ll n = sz(a);    vi ret(n);    rep(i, n)ret[i] = a[i] == one;    return ret;}
vector<vector<ll>> ctoi(vector<vector<char>> s, char c) {    ll n = sz(s), m = sz(s[0]);    vector<vector<ll>> res(n, vector<ll>(m));    rep(i, n)rep(j, m)res[i][j] = s[i][j] == c;    return res;}
//#define use_compress
//[i] := vを返す
//aは0~n-1で置き換えられる
vi compress(vi &a) {    vi b;    ll len = a.size();    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) { b.push_back(a[i]); }    sort(b);    unique(b);    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) { a[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), a[i]) - b.begin(); }    ll blen = sz(b);    vi ret(blen);    rep(i, blen) { ret[i] = b[i]; }    return ret;}
#ifdef use_compress
//ind[i] := i番目に小さい数
//map[v] := vは何番目に小さいか
vi compress(vi &a, umapi &map) {    vi b;    ll len = a.size();    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) { b.push_back(a[i]); }    sort(b);    unique(b);    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) {        ll v = a[i];        a[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), a[i]) - b.begin();        map[v] = a[i];    }    ll blen = sz(b);    vi ret(blen);    rep(i, blen) { ret[i] = b[i]; }    return ret;}
vi compress(vi &a, vi &r) {    vi b;    ll len = a.size();    fora(v, a){b.push_back(v);}    fora(v, r){b.push_back(v);}    sort(b);    unique(b);    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) a[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), a[i]) - b.begin();    for (ll i = 0; i < sz(r); ++i) r[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), r[i]) - b.begin();    ll blen = sz(b);    vi ret(blen);    rep(i, blen) { ret[i] = b[i]; }    return ret;}
vi compress(vi &a, vi &r, vi &s) {    vi b;    ll len = a.size();    fora(v, a){b.push_back(v);}    fora(v, r){b.push_back(v);}    fora(v, s){b.push_back(v); }   sort(b);    unique(b);    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) a[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), a[i]) - b.begin();    for (ll i = 0; i < sz(r); ++i) r[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), r[i]) - b.begin();    for (ll i = 0; i < sz(s); ++i) r[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), s[i]) - b.begin();    ll blen = sz(b);    vi ret(blen);    rep(i, blen) { ret[i] = b[i]; }    return ret;}
vi compress(vector<vi> &a) {    vi b;    fora(vv, a){fora(v, vv){b.push_back(v);}}    sort(b);    unique(b);    fora(vv, a){fora(v, vv){v = lower_bound(ALL(b), v) - b.begin(); }}   ll blen = sz(b);    vi ret(blen);    rep(i, blen) { ret[i] = b[i]; }    return ret;}
vi compress(vector<vector<vi >> &a) {    vi b;    fora(vvv, a){fora(vv, vvv){fora(v, vv){b.push_back(v);}}}    sort(b);    unique(b);   fora(vvv, a){fora(vv, vvv){fora(v, vv){v = lower_bound(ALL(b), v) - b.begin();}}}    ll blen = sz(b);    vi ret(blen);    rep(i, blen) { ret[i] = b[i]; }    return ret;}
void compress(ll a[], ll len) {    vi b;    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) { b.push_back(a[i]); }    sort(b);    unique(b);    for (ll i = 0; i < len; ++i) { a[i] = lower_bound(ALL(b), a[i]) - b.begin(); }}
#endif
//要素が見つからなかったときに困る
#define binarySearch(a, v) (binary_search(ALL(a),v))
#define lowerIndex(a, v) (lower_bound(ALL(a),v)-a.begin())
#define upperIndex(a, v) (upper_bound(ALL(a),v)-a.begin())
#define rlowerIndex(a, v) (upper_bound(ALL(a),v)-a.begin()-1)
#define rupperIndex(a, v) (lower_bound(ALL(a),v)-a.begin()-1)

template<class T, class U, class W> T lowerBound(vector<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = lower_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), v);    if (it == a.end())return banpei; else return *it;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T upperBound(vector<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = upper_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), v);    if (it == a.end())return banpei; else return *it;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T rlowerBound(vector<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = upper_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), v);    if (it == a.begin())return banpei; else { return *(--it); }}
template<class T, class U, class W> T rupperBound(vector<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = lower_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), v);    if (it == a.begin())return banpei; else { return *(--it); }}
//todo 消せないか
template<class T, class U, class W> T lowerBound(set<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = a.lower_bound(v);    if (it == a.end())return banpei; else return *it;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T upperBound(set<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = a.upper_bound(v);    if (it == a.end())return banpei; else return *it;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T rlowerBound(set<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = a.upper_bound(v);    if (it == a.begin())return banpei; else { return *(--it); }}
template<class T, class U, class W> T rupperBound(set<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {auto it = a.lower_bound(v);if (it == a.begin())return banpei; else { return *(--it); }}

template<class T, class U, class W> T lowerBound(mset<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = a.lower_bound(v);    if (it == a.end())return banpei; else return *it;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T upperBound(mset<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = a.upper_bound(v);    if (it == a.end())return banpei; else return *it;}
template<class T, class U, class W> T rlowerBound(mset<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {    auto it = a.upper_bound(v);    if (it == a.begin())return banpei; else { return *(--it); }}
template<class T, class U, class W> T rupperBound(mset<T> &a, U v, W banpei) {auto it = a.lower_bound(v);if (it == a.begin())return banpei; else { return *(--it); }}
#define next2(a) next(next(a))
#define prev2(a) prev(prev(a))

//狭義の単調増加列 長さを返す
template<class T> int lis(vector<T> &a) {    int n = sz(a);    vi tail(n + 1, MAX<T>());    rep(i, n) {        int id = lowerIndex(tail, a[i]);/**/        tail[id] = a[i];    }    return lowerIndex(tail, MAX<T>());}
template<class T> int lis_eq(vector<T> &a) {    int n = sz(a);    vi tail(n + 1, MAX<T>());    rep(i, n) {        int id = upperIndex(tail, a[i]);/**/        tail[id] = a[i];    }    return lowerIndex(tail, MAX<T>());}

//iteratorを返す
//valueが1以上の物を返す 0は見つけ次第削除
//vを減らす場合 (*it).se--でいい
template<class T, class U, class V> auto lower_map(map<T, U> &m, V k) {    auto ret = m.lower_bound(k);    while (ret != m.end() && (*ret).second == 0) {        ret = m.erase(ret);    }    return ret;}
template<class T, class U, class V> auto upper_map(map<T, U> &m, V k) {    auto ret = m.upper_bound(k);    while (ret != m.end() && (*ret).second == 0) {        ret = m.erase(ret);    }    return ret;}
//存在しなければエラー
template<class T, class U, class V> auto rlower_map(map<T, U> &m, V k) {    auto ret = upper_map(m, k);    assert(ret != m.begin());    ret--;    while (1) {        if ((*ret).second != 0)break;        assert(ret != m.begin());        auto next = ret;        --next;        m.erase(ret);        ret = next;    }    return ret;}
template<class T, class U, class V> auto rupper_map(map<T, U> &m, V k) {    auto ret = lower_map(m, k);    assert(ret != m.begin());    ret--;    while (1) {        if ((*ret).second != 0)break;        assert(ret != m.begin());        auto next = ret;        --next;        m.erase(ret);        ret = next;    }    return ret;}

template<class... T> void fin(T... s) {out(s...); exit(0); }

//便利 数学 math
//sub ⊂ top
bool subset(int sub, int top) {return (sub & top) == sub;}
//-180 ~ 180 degree
double atand(double h, double w) {return atan2(h, w) / PI * 180;}
//% -mの場合、最小の正の数を返す
ll mod(ll a, ll m) {if (m < 0) m *= -1;return (a % m + m) % m;}
//ll pow(ll a) { return a * a; };
template<class T> T fact(int v) {    static vector<T> fact(2, 1);    if (sz(fact) <= v) { rep(i, sz(fact), v + 1) { fact.emplace_back(fact.back() * i); }}    return fact[v];}

ll comi(ll n, ll r) {    assert(n < 100);    static vvi(pas, 100, 100);    if (pas[0][0])return pas[n][r];    pas[0][0] = 1;    rep(i, 1, 100) {        pas[i][0] = 1;        rep(j, 1, i + 1)pas[i][j] = pas[i - 1][j - 1] + pas[i - 1][j];    }    return pas[n][r];}
//二項係数の偶奇を返す
int com_mod2(int n,int r){return n == ( r | (n - r) );}
double comd2(ll n, ll r) {    static vvd(comb, 2020, 2020);    if (comb[0][0] == 0) {        comb[0][0] = 1;        rep(i, 2000) {            comb[i + 1][0] = 1;            rep(j, 1, i + 2) { comb[i + 1][j] = comb[i][j] + comb[i][j - 1]; }        }    }    return comb[n][r];}
double comd(int n, int r) {    if (r < 0 || r > n) return 0;    if (n < 2020)return comd2(n, r);    static vd fact(2, 1);    if (sz(fact) <= n) { rep(i, sz(fact), n + 1) { fact.push_back(fact.back() * i); }}    return fact[n] / fact[n - r] / fact[r];}

#define gcd my_gcd
ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {while (b) a %= b, swap(a, b);return abs(a);}
ll gcd(vi b) {ll res = b[0];rep(i, 1, sz(b))res = gcd(b[i], res);return res;}
#define lcm my_lcm
ll lcm(ll a, ll b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
ll lcm(vi a) {ll res = a[0];rep(i, 1, sz(a))res = lcm(a[i], res);return res;}
ll ceil(ll a, ll b) {if (b == 0) {debugline("ceil");deb(a, b);ole();return -1;} else if (a < 0) { return 0; } else { return (a + b - 1) / b; }}
#define hypot my_hypot
double hypot(double dx, double dy){return std::sqrt(dx*dx+ dy*dy);}

ll sig0(int t) { return t <= 0 ? 0 : ((1 + t) * t) >> 1; }
bint sig0(bint t) {return t <= 0 ? 0 : ((1 + t) * t) >> 1; }
//ll sig(ll s, ll t) { return ((s + t) * (t - s + 1)) >> 1; }
ll sig(ll s, ll t) {if (s > t)swap(s, t);return sig0(t - s) + s * (t - s + 1);}

#define tousa_i tosa_i
#define lower_tousa_i lower_tosa_i
#define upper_tousa upper_tosa
#define upper_tousa_i upper_tosa_i
ll tosa_i(ll st, ll ad, ll v) {    assert(((v - st) % ad) == 0);    return (v - st) / ad;}
ll tosa_s(ll st, ll ad, ll len) {    return st * len + sig0(len - 1) * ad;}

// ax + r (x は非負整数) で表せる整数のうち、v 以上となる最小の整数
ll lower_tosa(ll st, ll ad, ll v) {    if (st >= v) return st;    return (v - st + ad - 1) / ad * ad + st;}
//第何項か
ll lower_tosa_i(ll st, ll ad, ll v) {    if (st >= v) return 0;    return (v - st + ad - 1) / ad;}
ll upper_tosa(ll st, ll ad, ll v) { return lower_tosa(st, ad, v + 1); }
ll upper_tosa_i(ll st, ll ad, ll v) { return lower_tosa_i(st, ad, v + 1); }

//b * res <= aを満たす [l, r)を返す div
P drange_ika(int a, int b) {    P null_p = mp(linf, linf);    if (b == 0) {        if (a >= 0) {            return mp(-linf, linf + 1)/*全て*/;        } else {            return null_p/*無い*/;        }    } else {        if (a >= 0) {            if (b > 0) {                return mp(-linf, a / b + 1);            } else {                return mp(-(a / -b), linf + 1);            }        } else {            if (b > 0) {                return mp(-linf, -ceil(-a, b) + 1);            } else {                return mp(ceil(-a, -b), linf + 1);            }        }    }}

//v * v >= aとなる最小のvを返す
ll sqrt(ll a) {    if (a < 0) {        debugline("sqrt");        deb(a);        ole();    }    ll res = (ll) std::sqrt(a);    while (res * res < a)++res;    return res;}
double log(double e, double x) { return log(x) / log(e); }


/*@formatter:off*/

//機能拡張
#define dtie(a, b) int a, b; tie(a, b)
template<class T, class U> string to_string(T a, U b) {    string res = "";    res += a;    res += b;    return res;}
template<class T, class U, class V> string to_string(T a, U b, V c) {    string res = "";    res += a;    res += b;    res += c;    return res;}
template<class T, class U, class V, class W> string to_string(T a, U b, V c, W d) {    string res = "";    res += a;    res += b;    res += c;    res += d;    return res;}
template<class T, class U, class V, class W, class X> string to_string(T a, U b, V c, W d, X e) {    string res = "";    res += a;    res += b;    res += c;    res += d;    res += e;    return res;}

template<class T> vector<T> sub(const vector<T> &A, int l, int r) {    assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= sz(A));    vector<T> ret(r - l);    std::copy(A.begin() + l, A.begin() + r, ret.begin());    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> sub(const vector<T> &A, int r) { return sub(A, 0, r); }
template<class T> vector<T> subn(const vector<T> &A, int l, int len) { return sub(A, l, l + len); }
string sub(string &A, int l, int r) {    assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= sz(A));    return A.substr(l, r - l);}
template<class T, class F>
//sub2で呼ぶ
vector<T> sub(const vector<vector<T> >& A, int h, int w, int ah,int aw, F f){    vector<T> res;    while(0<= h && h < sz(A) && 0 <= w && w < sz(A[h]) && f(A[h][w])){        res.emplace_back(A[h][w]);        h += ah;        w += aw;    }    return res;}
template<class T> vector<T>sub(const vector<vector<T> >& A, int h, int w, int ah,int aw){return sub(A, h, w, ah, aw, [&](T v){return true;});}

#define sub25(A, h, w, ah, aw) sub(A, h, w, ah, aw)
#define sub26(A, h, w, ah, aw, siki_r) sub(A, h, w, ah, aw, [&](auto v){return v siki_r;})
#define sub27(A, h, w, ah, aw, v, siki) sub(A, h, w, ah, aw, [&](auto v){return siki;})
#define sub2(...) over7(__VA_ARGS__,sub27,sub26,sub25)(__VA_ARGS__)

constexpr int bsetlen = k5 * 2;
//constexpr int bsetlen = 5050;
#define bset bitset<bsetlen>
bool operator<(bitset<bsetlen> &a, bitset<bsetlen> &b) {rer(i, bsetlen - 1) {if (a[i] < b[i])return true;if (a[i] > b[i])return false;}return false;}
bool operator>(bitset<bsetlen> &a, bitset<bsetlen> &b) {rer(i, bsetlen - 1) {if (a[i] > b[i])return true;if (a[i] < b[i])return false;}return false;}
bool operator<=(bitset<bsetlen> &a, bitset<bsetlen> &b) {rer(i, bsetlen - 1) {if (a[i] < b[i])return true;if (a[i] > b[i])return false;}return true;}
bool operator>=(bitset<bsetlen> &a, bitset<bsetlen> &b) {rer(i, bsetlen - 1) {if (a[i] > b[i])return true;if (a[i] < b[i])return false;}return true;}
string operator~(string &a) {string res = a;for (auto &&c:res) {if (c == '0')c = '1';else if (c == '1')c = '0';else {cerr << "cant ~" << a << "must bit" << endl;exit(0);}}return res;}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, bset& a) {    bitset<10> b;    vi list;    rep(i,bsetlen){        if(a[i])list.push_back(i),b[i]=1;    }    os<<b<<", "<<list;    return os;}
int hbiti(bset&a){rer(i,bsetlen){if(a[i])return i;}return -1;}
#define hk(a, b, c) (a <= b && b < c)

//O(N/64)
bset nap(bset &a, int v) {bset r = a | a << v;return r;}
bset nap(bset &a, bset &v) {bset r = a;rep(i, bsetlen) {if (v[i])r |= a << i;}return r;}

template<class T> int count(set<T> &S, T l, T r) {    assert(l < r);    auto it = S.lower_bound(l);    return it != S.end() && (*it) < r;}

//template<class T> void seth(vector<vector<T>> &S, int w, vector<T> &v) {assert(sz(S) == sz(v));assert(w < sz(S[0]));rep(h, sz(S)) { S[h][w] = v[h]; }}
template<class T> vector<T> geth(vector<vector<T>> &S, int w) {    assert(w < sz(S[0]));    vector<T> ret(sz(S));    rep(h, sz(S)) { ret[h] = S[h][w]; }    return ret;}
//vector<bool>[i]は参照を返さないため、こうしないとvb[i] |= trueがコンパイルエラー
vb::reference operator|=(vb::reference a, bool b){return a = a | b;}
vb::reference operator&=(vb::reference a, bool b){return a = a & b;}
template<class T, class U> void operator+=(pair<T,U> &a, pair<T,U> & b) {a.fi+=b.fi;a.se+=b.se;}
template<class T, class U> pair<T, U> operator+(const pair<T, U> &a, const pair<T, U> &b) { return pair<T, U>(a.fi + b.fi, a.se + b.se); }
template<class T, class U> pair<T,U> operator-(const pair<T,U> &a, const pair<T,U> & b) {return pair<T,U>(a.fi-b.fi,a.se-b.se);}
template<class T, class U> pair<T,U> operator-(const pair<T, U>& a){return pair<T, U>(-a.first, -a.second);}
template<typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Alloc> basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> operator+(const basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> &lhs, const int rv) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
    static bool was = false;if (!was)message += "str += 65  is  'A'  not \"65\" ";was = true;
#endif
    return lhs + (char) rv;
}
template<typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Alloc> void operator+=(basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> &lhs, const int rv) {    lhs = lhs + rv;}
template<typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Alloc> basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> operator+(const basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> &lhs, const signed rv) {    const int rv2 = rv;    return lhs + rv2;}
template<typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Alloc> void operator+=(basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> &lhs, const signed rv) {const int v = rv; lhs += v; }
template<typename CharT, typename Traits, typename Alloc> void operator*=(basic_string<CharT, Traits, Alloc> &s, int num) {    auto bek = s;    s = "";    for (; num; num >>= 1) {        if (num & 1) { s += bek; }        bek += bek;    }}
template<class T, class U> void operator+=(queue<T> &a, U v) { a.push(v); }template<class T, class U> void operator+=(deque<T> &a, U v) { a.push_back(v); }template<class T> priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> > &operator+=(priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> > &a, vector<T> &v) {    fora(d, v){a.push(d);}    return a;}template<class T, class U> priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> > &operator+=(priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T> > &a, U v) {    a.push(v);    return a;}template<class T, class U> priority_queue<T> &operator+=(priority_queue<T> &a, U v) {    a.push(v);    return a;}template<class T> set<T> &operator+=(set<T> &a, vector<T> v) {    fora(d, v){a.insert(d);}    return a;}template<class T, class U> auto operator+=(set<T> &a, U v) { return a.insert(v); }template<class T, class U> auto operator-=(set<T> &a, U v) { return a.erase(v); }template<class T, class U> auto operator+=(mset<T> &a, U v) { return a.insert(v); }template<class T, class U> set<T, greater<T>> &operator+=(set<T, greater<T>> &a, U v) {    a.insert(v);    return a;}template<class T, class U> vector<T> &operator+=(vector<T> &a, U v) {    a.push_back(v);    return a;}template<class T, class U> vector<T> operator+(U v,const vector<T> &a) {    vector<T> ret = a;    ret.insert(ret.begin(), v);    return ret;}template<class T> vector<T> operator+(const vector<T>& a, const vector<T>& b) {    vector<T> ret;    ret = a;    fora(v, b){ret += v; }   return ret;}template<class T> vector<T> &operator+=(vector<T> &a,const vector<T> &b) {    rep(i, sz(b)) {/*こうしないとa+=aで両辺が増え続けてバグる*/        a.push_back(b[i]); }    return a;}template<class T, class U> map<T, U> &operator+=(map<T, U> &a, map<T, U> &b) {    for(auto&& bv : b) { a[bv.first] += bv.second; }    return a;}template<class T, class U> vector<T> operator+(const vector<T> &a, const U& v) {    vector<T> ret = a;    ret += v;    return ret;}template<class T, class U> auto operator+=(uset<T> &a, U v) { return a.insert(v); }
template<class T> vector<T> operator%(vector<T>& a, int v){    vi ret(sz(a));    rep(i,sz(a)){        ret[i] = a[i] % v;    }    return ret;}
template<class T> vector<T> operator%=(vector<T>& a, int v){    rep(i,sz(a)){        a[i] %= v;    }    return a;}
vi operator&(vi& a, vi& b){    assert(sz(a)==sz(b));    vi ret(sz(a));    rep(i,sz(a)){        ret[i] = min(a[i],b[i]);    }    return ret;}
template<class T> void operator+=(mset<T> &a, vector<T>& v) { for(auto&& u : v)a.insert(u); }
template<class T> void operator+=(set<T> &a, vector<T>& v) { for(auto&& u : v)a.insert(u); }
template<class T> void operator+=(vector<T> &a, set<T>& v) { for(auto&& u : v)a.emplace_back(u); }
template<class T> void operator+=(vector<T> &a, mset<T>& v) { for(auto&& u : v)a.emplace_back(u); }
template<class T> vector<T> &operator-=(vector<T> &a, vector <T> &b) {    if (sz(a) != sz(b)) {        debugline("vector<T> operator-=");        deb(a);        deb(b);        exit(0);    }    rep(i, sz(a))a[i] -= b[i];    return a;}
template<class T> vector<T> operator-(vector<T> &a, vector<T> &b) {    if (sz(a) != sz(b)) {        debugline("vector<T> operator-");        deb(a);        deb(b);        ole();    }    vector<T> res(sz(a));    rep(i, sz(a))res[i] = a[i] - b[i];    return res;}
//template<class T, class U> void operator*=(vector<T> &a, U b) {    vector<T> ta = a;    rep(b-1){        a+=ta;    }}
template<typename T> void erase(vector<T> &v, unsigned ll i) { v.erase(v.begin() + i); }
template<typename T> void erase(vector<T> &v, unsigned ll s, unsigned ll e) { v.erase(v.begin() + s, v.begin() + e); }
template<typename T> void pop_front(vector<T> &v) { erase(v, 0); }
template<typename T> void entry(vector<T> &v, unsigned ll s, unsigned ll e) { erase(v, e, sz(v));erase(v,0,s);}

template<class T, class U> void erase(map<T, U> &m, ll okl, ll ngr) { m.erase(m.lower_bound(okl), m.lower_bound(ngr)); }
template<class T> void erase(set<T> &m, ll okl, ll ngr) { m.erase(m.lower_bound(okl), m.lower_bound(ngr)); }
template<typename T> void erasen(vector<T> &v, unsigned ll s, unsigned ll n) { v.erase(v.begin() + s, v.begin() + s + n); }
template<typename T, typename U> void insert(vector<T> &v, unsigned ll i, U t) { v.insert(v.begin() + i, t); }
template<typename T, typename U> void push_front(vector<T> &v, U t) { v.insert(v.begin(), t); }
template<typename T, typename U> void insert(vector<T> &v, unsigned ll i, vector<T> list) { for (auto &&va:list)v.insert(v.begin() + i++, va); }
vector<string> split(const string &a, const char deli) {    string b = a + deli;    ll l = 0, r = 0, n = b.size();    vector<string> res;    rep(i, n) {        if (b[i] == deli) {            r = i;            if (l < r)res.push_back(b.substr(l, r - l));            l = i + 1;        }    }    return res;}
vector<string> split(const string &a, const string deli) {    vector<string> res;    ll kn = sz(deli);    std::string::size_type Pos(a.find(deli));    ll l = 0;    while (Pos != std::string::npos) {        if (Pos - l)res.push_back(a.substr(l, Pos - l));        l = Pos + kn;        Pos = a.find(deli, Pos + kn);    }    if (sz(a) - l)res.push_back(a.substr(l, sz(a) - l));    return res;}
ll stoi(string& s){return stol(s);}
#define assert_yn(yn_v, v); assert(yn_v == 0 || yn_v == v);yn_v = v;
//不完全な対策、現状はautohotkeyで対応
int yn_v = 0;
void yn(bool a) { assert_yn(yn_v, 1);if (a)cout << "yes" << endl; else cout << "no" << endl; }
void fyn(bool a) {    assert_yn(yn_v, 1);yn(a);    exit(0);}

void Yn(bool a) { assert_yn(yn_v, 2);if (a)cout << "Yes" << endl; else cout << "No" << endl; }
void fYn(bool a) {    assert_yn(yn_v, 2);Yn(a);    exit(0);}

void YN(bool a) { assert_yn(yn_v, 3);if (a)cout << "YES" << endl; else cout << "NO" << endl; }
void fYN(bool a) {    assert_yn(yn_v, 3);YN(a);    exit(0);}
int ab_v = 0;
void fAb(bool a) { assert_yn(ab_v, 1);if(a)cout<<"Alice"<<endl;else cout<<"Bob";}
void fAB(bool a) { assert_yn(yn_v, 2);if(a)cout<<"ALICE"<<endl;else cout<<"BOB";}
int pos_v = 0;
void Possible(bool a) {    assert_yn(pos_v, 1);if (a)cout << "Possible" << endl; else cout << "Impossible" << endl;    exit(0);}
void POSSIBLE(bool a) {    assert_yn(pos_v, 2);if (a)cout << "POSSIBLE" << endl; else cout << "IMPOSSIBLE" << endl;    exit(0);}
void fPossible(bool a) {    assert_yn(pos_v, 1)Possible(a);exit(0);}
void fPOSSIBLE(bool a) {    assert_yn(pos_v, 2)POSSIBLE(a);exit(0);}
template<typename T> class fixed_point        : T {public:    explicit constexpr fixed_point(T &&t) noexcept: T(std::forward<T>(t)) {}    template<typename... Args> constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Args &&... args) const { return T::operator()(*this, std::forward<Args>(args)...); }};template<typename T> static inline constexpr decltype(auto) fix(T &&t) noexcept { return fixed_point<T>{std::forward<T>(t)}; }


//未分類
//0,2,1 1番目と2番目の次元を入れ替える
template<class T> auto irekae(vector<vector<vector<T> > > &A, int x, int y, int z) {
#define irekae_resize_loop(a, b, c) resize(res,a,b,c);rep(i,a)rep(j,b)rep(k,c)
    vector<vector<vector<T> > > res;    if (x == 0 && y == 1 && z == 2) {        res = A;    } else if (x == 0 && y == 2 && z == 1) {        irekae_resize_loop(sz(A), sz(A[0][0]), sz(A[0])) {                    res[i][j][k] = A[i][k][j];                }    } else if (x == 1 && y == 0 && z == 2) {        irekae_resize_loop(sz(A[0]), sz(A), sz(A[0][0])) {                    res[i][j][k] = A[j][i][k];                }    } else if (x == 1 && y == 2 && z == 0) {        irekae_resize_loop(sz(A[0]), sz(A[0][0]), sz(A)) {                    res[i][j][k] = A[k][i][j];                }    } else if (x == 2 && y == 0 && z == 1) {        irekae_resize_loop(sz(A[0][0]), sz(A), sz(A[0])) {                    res[i][j][k] = A[j][k][i];                }    } else if (x == 2 && y == 1 && z == 0) {        irekae_resize_loop(sz(A[0][0]), sz(A[0]), sz(A)) {                    res[i][j][k] = A[k][j][i];                }    }    return res;
#undef irekae_resize_loop
}
template<class T> auto irekae(vector<vector<T>>&A,int i=1,int j=0){    vvt(res,sz(A[0]),sz(A));    rep(i,sz(A)){        rep(j,sz(A[0])){            res[j][i]=A[i][j];        }    }    return res;}
//tou分割する
template<typename Iterable> vector<Iterable> table(const Iterable &a, int tou = 2) {int N = sz(a);    vector<Iterable> res(tou);    int hab = N / tou;    vi lens(tou, hab);    rep(i, N % tou) { lens[tou - 1 - i]++; }    int l = 0;    rep(i, tou) {        int len = lens[i];        int r = l + len;        res[i].resize(len);        std::copy(a.begin() + l, a.begin() + r, res[i].begin());        l = r;    }    return res;}
//長さn毎に分割する
template<typename Iterable> vector<Iterable> table_n(const Iterable &a, int len) {    int N = sz(a);    vector<Iterable> res(ceil(N, len));    vi lens(N / len, len);    if (N % len)lens.push_back(N % len);    int l = 0;    rep(i, sz(lens)) {        int len = lens[i];        int r = l + len;        res[i].resize(len);        std::copy(a.begin() + l, a.begin() + r, res[i].begin());        l = r;    }    return res;}
//縦を返す
vi& geth(vvi()& a, int w){    static vi ret; ret.resize(sz(a));   rep(i,sz(a)){        ret[i] = a[i][w];    }    return ret;}

//@起動時
struct initon {
    initon() {
        cin.tie(0);
        ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        cout.setf(ios::fixed);
        cout.precision(16);
        srand((unsigned) clock() + (unsigned) time(NULL));
    };
} initonv;
//#define pre prev
//#define nex next

//gra mll pr
//上下左右
const string udlr = "udlr";
string UDLR = "UDLR";//x4と連動 UDLR.find('U') := x4[0]
vc atoz = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x','y', 'z'};
vc AtoZ = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X','Y', 'Z'};
//右、上が正
constexpr ll h4[] = {1, -1, 0, 0};
constexpr ll w4[] = {0, 0, -1, 1};
constexpr ll h8[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1};
constexpr ll w8[] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1};
int mei_inc(int h, int w, int H, int W, int i) {while (++i < 4) { if (inside(h + h4[i], w + w4[i], H, W))return i; }return i;}
#define mei(nh, nw, h, w) for (int i = mei_inc(h, w, H, W, -1), nh = i<4? h + h4[i] : 0, nw = i<4? w + w4[i] : 0; i < 4; i=mei_inc(h,w,H,W,i), nh = h+h4[i], nw = w+w4[i])
int mei_inc8(int h, int w, int H, int W, int i) {    while (++i < 8) {        if (inside(h + h8[i], w + w8[i], H, W))return i;    }    return i;}
#define mei8(nh, nw, h, w) for (int i = mei_inc8(h, w, H, W, -1), nh = i<8? h + h8[i] : 0, nw = i<8? w + w8[i] : 0; i < 8; i=mei_inc8(h,w,H,W,i), nh = h+h8[i], nw = w+w8[i])
int mei_incv(int h, int w, int H, int W, int i, vp &p) {    while (++i < sz(p)) { if (inside(h + p[i].fi, w + p[i].se, H, W))return i; }    return i;}
#define meiv(nh, nw, h, w, p) for (int i = mei_incv(h, w, H, W, -1, p), nh = i<sz(p)? h + p[i].fi : 0, nw = i<sz(p)? w + p[i].se : 0; i < sz(p); i=mei_incv(h,w,H,W,i,p), nh = h+p[i].fi, nw = w+p[i].se)

//H*Wのグリッドを斜めに分割する
//右上
vector<vp> naname_list_ne(int H, int W) {    vector<vp> res(H + W - 1);    rep(sh, H) {        int sw = 0;        res[sh] += mp(sh, sw);        int nh = sh;        int nw = sw;        while (1) {            nh--;            nw++;            if (0 <= nh && nw < W) {                res[sh] += mp(nh, nw);            }else{                break;            }        }    }    rep(sw, 1, W) {        int sh = H - 1;        res[H + sw - 1] += mp(sh, sw);        int nh = sh;        int nw = sw;        while (1) {            nh--;            nw++;            if (0 <= nh && nw < W) {                res[H + sw-1] += mp(nh, nw);            }else{                break;            }        }    }    return res;}
//右下
vector<vp> naname_list_se(int H, int W) {    vector<vp> res(H + W - 1);    rep(sh, H) {        int sw = 0;        res[sh] += mp(sh, sw);        int nh = sh;        int nw = sw;        while (1) {            nh++;            nw++;            if (0 <= nh && nh< H && nw < W) { res[sh] += mp(nh, nw); } else { break; }        }    }    rep(sw, 1, W) {        int sh = 0;        res[H + sw - 1] += mp(sh, sw);        int nh = sh;        int nw = sw;        while (1) {            nh++;            nw++;            if (0 <= nh && nh < H && nw < W) { res[H + sw - 1] += mp(nh, nw); } else { break; }        }    }    return res;}

//グラフ内で #undef getid
//#define getidとしているため、ここを書き直したらgraphも書き直す
#define getid_2(h, w) ((h) * (W) + (w))
#define getid_1(p) ((p).first * W + (p).second)
#define getid(...) over2(__VA_ARGS__, getid_2, getid_1) (__VA_ARGS__)
#define getp(id) mp(id / W, id % W)
//#define set_shuffle() std::random_device seed_gen;std::mt19937 engine(seed_gen())
//#define shuffle(a) std::shuffle((a).begin(), (a).end(), engine);
//1980 開始からtime ms経っていたらtrue
vb bit_bool(int v, int len) {    assert(bit(len) > v);    vb ret(len);    rep(i, len) { ret[i] = bget(v, i); }    return ret;}
vi range(int l, int r) {vi ret;ret.resize(r - l);rep(v, l, r) {ret[v - l] = v;}return ret;}
vi range(int r) {return range(0, r);}
vi tov(vb& a){    vi ret;    rep(i,sz(a)){        if(a[i])ret.push_back(i);    }    return ret;}
bool kaibun(const str& S){return S==rev(S);}
template<class T> vector<T> repeat(const vector<T> &A, int kaisu) {    vector<T> ret;    while (kaisu--) {        ret += A;    }    return ret;}
#define rge range
#define upd update
//S[{s, t, d}]
#define strs slice_str
struct slice_str {
    string S;
    slice_str() {}
    slice_str(const string &S) : S(S) {}
    slice_str(int len, char c) : S(len, c) {}
    auto size(){return S.size();}
    char& operator[](int p) {        return S[p]; }
    string operator[](initializer_list<int> p) {        if (sz(p) == 1) {            return S.substr(0, *(p.begin()));        } else if (sz(p) == 2) {            int l = *(p.begin());            int r = *(next(p.begin()));            return S.substr(l, r - l);        } else {            auto it = p.begin();            int s = *(it++);            int t = *(it++);            int d = *(it);            if (d == -1) {                int s_ = sz(S) - s - 1;                int t_ = sz(S) - t - 1;                return rev(S).substr(s_, t_ - s_);            } else if (d < 0) {                t = max(-1ll, t);                string ret;                while (s > t) {                    ret += S[s];                    s += d;                }                return ret;            } else {                t = min(sz(S), t);                string ret;                while (s < t) {                    ret += S[s];                    s += d;                }                return ret;            }        }    }
    operator string &() {        return S;    }
    template<class T> void operator+=(const T &a) { S += a; }
    bool operator==(const slice_str& rhs){return S==rhs.S;}
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const slice_str &a) {    os << a.S;    return os;}
istream &operator>>(istream &iss, const slice_str &a) {    iss >> a.S;    return iss;}
template<class T> bool can(const T &v, int i) { return 0 <= i && i < sz(v); }
#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
//template<class T> auto sum(int a, T  v...) {return (v + ... + 0);}
#endif
#define VEC vector
#endif /*UNTITLED15_TEMPLATE_H*/

#endif

//† ←template終了
/*@formatter:on*/
//vectorで取れる要素数
//bool=> 1e9 * 8.32
//int => 1e8 * 2.6
//ll  => 1e8 * 1.3
//3次元以上取るとメモリがヤバい
//static配列を使う
vvc (ba);
ll N, M, H, W;
vi A, B, C;


void solve() {
    in(N);
    vvi(g, N + 1);
    int s = N + 1;
    if (N % 2)s--;
    int cou = 0;
    rep(f, 1, N + 1) {
        rep(t, f + 1, N + 1) {
            if (f + t == s)continue;
            g[f] += t;
            cou++;
        }
    }
    out(cou);
    rep(f, 1, N + 1) {
        fora(t, g[f]) {
            out(f, t);
        }
    }

}

auto my(ll n, vi &a) {
    return 0;
}

auto sister(ll n, vi &a) {
    ll ret = 0;
    return ret;
}

signed main() {
    solve();

#define arg n,a
#ifdef _DEBUG

    bool bad = 0;
    for (ll i = 0, ok = 1; i < k5 && ok; ++i) {
        ll n = rand(1, 8);
        vi a = ranv(n, 1, 10);
        auto myres = my(arg);
        auto res = sister(arg);
        ok = myres == res;
        if (!ok) {
            out(arg);
            cerr << "AC : " << res << endl;
            cerr << "MY  : " << myres << endl;
            bad = 1;


            break;
        }
    }
    if (!bad) {
        //solveを書き直す
        //solveを呼び出す
    }
    if (was_deb && sz(res_mes)) {
        cerr << "result = " << endl << res_mes << endl;
    }
    if (sz(message)) {
        cerr << "****************************" << endl;
        cerr << "Note." << endl;
        cerr << message << endl;
        cerr << "****************************" << endl;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
};