Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in C++ (GCC 9.2.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <stack>
#include <bitset>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <utility>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <fstream> 
#include <array>
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES
#include <math.h>
#include <unordered_set>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<stdio.h>

using namespace std;


inline int toInt(string s) { int v; istringstream sin(s); sin >> v; return v; }
template<class T> inline string toString(T x) { ostringstream sout; sout << x; return sout.str(); }


typedef vector<int> vi;
typedef vector<vi> vvi;
typedef vector<long long int> vll;
typedef vector<vll> vvll;
typedef vector<string> vs;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;

//repetition
//------------------------------------------
#define REP(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);++i)
#define rep(i,n)  REP(i,0,n)
#define rrep(i,n) for(int i=(n);i>=0;i--)
#define VEC_2D(a,b) vector<vector<int> >(a, vector<int>(b, 0))
#define ALL(a)  (a).begin(),(a).end()
#define RALL(a) (a).rbegin(), (a).rend()
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define INF (1001000000)
#define SZ(a) int((a).size())
#define EACH(i,c) for(typeof((c).begin()) i=(c).begin(); i!=(c).end(); ++i)
#define EXIST(s,e) ((s).find(e)!=(s).end())
#define SORT(c) sort((c).begin(),(c).end())
#define UNIQ(c) (c).erase(unique((c).begin(),(c).end()), (c).end());
#define MOD 1000000007LL
#define MS(v,n) memset((v),(n),sizeof(v))


//input
#define VEC(type, c, n) std::vector<type> c(n);for(auto& i:c)std::cin>>i;

//output
#define P(p) cout<<(p)<<endl;
#define FSP(a) cout << fixed << setprecision(a)

template<typename T> T gcd(T x, T y) {
	if (y == 0) return x;
	else return gcd(y, x % y);
}

template<typename T> T lcm(T a, T b) {
	return a / gcd(a, b) * b;
}

template<typename T> bool is_prime(T n) {
	for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
		if (n % i == 0) return false;
	}
	return n != 1;
}

map<ll, ll> prime_factor(ll n) {
	map<ll, ll> res;
	for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
		while (n % i == 0) {
			++res[i];
			n /= i;
		}
	}
	if (n != 1) res[n] = 1;
	return res;
}

int extgcd(int a, int b, int& x, int& y) {//
	int d = a;
	if (b != 0) {
		d = extgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
		y -= (a / b) * x;
	}
	else {
		x = 1; y = 0;
	}
	return d;
}



ll mod_pow(ll x, ll n, ll mod) {
	if (n == 0) return 1;
	ll res = mod_pow(x * x % mod, n / 2, mod);
	if (n & 1) res = res * x % mod;
	return res;
}

ll comb(ll a, ll b, ll mod) {
	ll mul = 1;
	ll div = 1;
	rep(i, b) {
		mul *= (a - (ll)i);
		mul %= mod;
		div *= ((ll)i + 1);
		div %= mod;
	}

	mul *= mod_pow(div, mod - 2, mod);
	return mul % mod;
}


vector<string> split(const string& str, char delim) {
	vector<string> res;
	size_t current = 0, found;
	while ((found = str.find_first_of(delim, current)) != string::npos) {
		res.push_back(string(str, current, found - current));
		current = found + 1;
	}
	res.push_back(string(str, current, str.size() - current));
	return res;
}

bool is_kadomatsu(int a, int b, int c) {
	if (a == b || a == c || b == c)return false;
	if (a > b && c > b) return true;
	if (a < b && c < b)return true;
	return false;
}


struct UF {
	int n;
	vi d;
	UF() {}
	UF(int n) :n(n), d(n, -1) {}
	int root(int v) {
		if (d[v] < 0) return v;
		return d[v] = root(d[v]);
	}
	bool same(int a, int b) {
		return root(a) == root(b);
	}
	bool unite(int x, int y) {
		x = root(x); y = root(y);
		if (x == y) return false;
		if (size(x) < size(y)) swap(x, y);
		d[x] += d[y];
		d[y] = x;
		return true;
	}
	int size(int v) { return -d[root(v)]; }
};

struct Fibonacci {

	vvll fib;
	Fibonacci() {
		fib.resize(2, vll(2));
		fib[0][0] = 1; fib[0][1] = 1;
		fib[1][0] = 1; fib[1][1] = 0;
	}

	vvll mul(vvll& A, vvll& B) {
		vvll C(2, vll(2));
		rep(i, 2) {
			rep(k, 2) {
				rep(j, 2) {
					C[i][j] = (C[i][j] + A[i][k] * B[k][j]) % MOD;
				}
			}
		}
		return C;
	}

	ll pow(ll n) {
		vvll A = fib;
		vvll B(2, vll(2));
		rep(i, 2) {
			B[i][i] = 1;
		}
		while (n > 0) {
			if (n & 1)B = mul(B, A);
			A = mul(A, A);
			n >>= 1;
		}
		return B[1][0];
	}

};



vector<int> divisor(int n) {
	if (n == 1) return{};
	vi res;
	for (int i = 1; i * i <= n; i++) {
		if (n % i == 0) {
			res.emplace_back(i);
			if (i != 1 && i != n / i)res.emplace_back(n / i);
		}
	}
	return res;
}

struct Bellmanford {
	int n;
	struct edge {
		int from, to, cost;
	};
	vector<edge> E;
	vi d;
	Bellmanford(int n) :n(n), d(n) {
		E.resize(n);
	}
	void add_edge(int x, int y, int cost) {
		edge e;
		e.from = x; e.to = y; e.cost = cost;
		E.push_back(e);
	}
	void shortest_path(int s) {
		rep(i, n)d[i] = INF;
		d[s] = 0;
		while (true) {
			bool update = false;
			for (auto e : E) {
				if (d[e.from] != INF && d[e.to] > d[e.from] + e.cost) {
					d[e.to] = d[e.from] + e.cost;
					update = true;
				}
			}
			if (!update) break;
		}
	}
};
struct Dijkstra {
	int n;
	struct edge {
		int to; ll cost;
	};
	vector<vector<edge>> G;
	vll d;
	Dijkstra(int n) :n(n), d(n) {
		G.resize(n);
	}
	void add_edge(int x, int y, ll cost) {
		edge e;
		e.to = y; e.cost = cost;
		G[x].push_back(e);
	}
	void shortest_path(int s) {
		rep(i, n)d[i] = 100000000000000000;
		d[s] = 0;
		priority_queue<pair<ll, int>, vector<pair<ll, int>>, greater<pair<ll, int>>> que;
		que.push(make_pair(0, s));

		while (!que.empty()) {
			pii p = que.top(); que.pop();
			int v = p.second;
			if (d[v] < p.first) continue;
			for (auto e : G[v]) {
				if (d[e.to] > d[v] + e.cost) {
					d[e.to] = d[v] + e.cost;
					que.push(make_pair(d[e.to], e.to));
				}
			}
		}
	}
};

struct Segmenttree {
	int n;
	vector<int> dat;
	Segmenttree(int n_) {
		n = 1;
		while (n < n_) n *= 2;
		dat = vector<int>(2 * n - 1, 0);
	}

	void add(int idx, ll val) {//0-indexed
		idx += n - 1;
		dat[idx] += val;
		while (idx > 0) {
			idx = (idx - 1) / 2;
			dat[idx] += val;
		}
	}
	int query(int a, int b) {
		return query_seg(a, b, 0, 0, n);
	}
	int query_seg(int a, int b, int k, int l, int r) {
		if (r <= a || b <= l) return 0;
		if (a <= l && r <= b)return dat[k];
		else {
			return query_seg(a, b, k * 2 + 1, l, (l + r) / 2) + query_seg(a, b, k * 2 + 2, (l + r) / 2, r);
		}
	}
};

struct Trie {
	Trie* next[26];

	Trie() {
		fill(next, next + 26, (Trie*)0);
	}

	void insert(char* s) {
		if (*s == '\0') return;
		if (this->next[*s - 'a'] == NULL) {
			this->next[*s - 'a'] = new Trie();
		}
		this->next[*s - 'a']->insert(s + 1);
	}

	bool find(char* s) {
		if (*s == '\0') return true;
		if (this->next[*s - 'a'] == NULL) {
			return false;
		}
		return this->next[*s - 'a']->find(s + 1);
	}
};

struct BIT {
	int n;
	vll bit;
	BIT() {}
	BIT(int n) :n(n) {
		bit.resize(n + 1);
	}
	ll sum(int i) {
		int s = 0;
		while (i > 0) {
			s += bit[i];
			i -= i & -i;
		}
		return s;
	}

	ll sum(int i, int j) {
		if (j < i)return 0;
		return sum(j) - sum(i - 1);
	}

	void add(int i, int x) {
		while (i <= n) {
			bit[i] += x;
			i += i & -i;
		}
	}
};

/*
struct edge { int to, cap, rev; };

vector<edge> G[200005];
int level[200005];
int iter[200005];

void add_edge(int from, int to, int cap) {
	G[from].push_back({ to, cap, (int)G[to].size() });
	G[to].push_back({ from, 0, (int)G[from].size() - 1 });
}
void fbfs(int s) {
	memset(level, -1, sizeof(level));
	queue<int> que;
	level[s] = 0;
	que.push(s);
	while (!que.empty()) {
		int v = que.front(); que.pop();
		for (edge &e : G[v]) {
			if (e.cap > 0 && level[e.to] < 0) {
				level[e.to] = level[v] + 1;
				que.push(e.to);
			}
		}
	}
}
int fdfs(int v, int t, int f) {
	if (v == t) return f;
	for (edge &e : G[v]) {
		if (e.cap > 0 && level[v] < level[e.to]) {
			int d = fdfs(e.to, t, min(f, e.cap));
			if (d > 0) {
				e.cap -= d;
				G[e.to][e.rev].cap += d;
				return d;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
int max_flow(int s, int t) {
	int flow = 0;
	for (;;) {
		fbfs(s);
		if (level[t] < 0) return flow;
		memset(iter, 0, sizeof(iter));
		int f;
		while ((f = fdfs(s, t, INF)) > 0) {
			flow += f;
		}
	}
}
*/

//------------------------

int N, Q;
string S;

int main() {
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);


	cin >> N >> S >> Q;
	vector<BIT> pls(26, BIT(N + 10));
	rep(i, N)pls[S[i] - 'a'].add(i + 1, 1);
	while (Q--) {
		int type; cin >> type;
		if (type == 1) {
			int ind; char nc; cin >> ind >> nc; --ind;
			auto pc = S[ind];
			S[ind] = nc;
			pls[pc - 'a'].add(ind + 1, -1);
			pls[nc - 'a'].add(ind + 1, 1);
		}
		else {
			int l, r; cin >> l >> r;// l--;
			int res = 0;
			rep(c, 26) {
				int sum = pls[c].sum(l, r);
				if (sum) {
					++res;
				}
			}
			P(res);
		}
	}

	return 0;

}