Problem:
Score : 200 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N.
Among its subsequences, count the ones such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7. Two subsequences are considered different if their characters come from different positions in the string, even if they are the same as strings.

Here, a subsequence of a string is a concatenation of one or more characters from the string without changing the order.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100000

S consists of lowercase English letters.

|S|=N

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S

Output

Print the number of the subsequences such that all characters are different, modulo 10^9+7.

Sample Input 1

4
abcd

Sample Output 1

15

Since all characters in S itself are different, all its subsequences satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 2

3
baa

Sample Output 2

5

The answer is five: b, two occurrences of a, two occurrences of ba. Note that we do not count baa, since it contains two as.

Sample Input 3

5
abcab

Sample Output 3

17

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int MOD = 1000000007; // 998244353

template <typename T>
struct modular {
    constexpr modular() : val(0){}
    constexpr modular(const modular<T>& _m) : val(_m.val) {}
    template <typename U> constexpr modular(const U& _r = U()) {
        val = -MOD <= _r && _r < MOD ? _r: _r % MOD;
        if (val < 0) { val += MOD; } }
    const T operator()() { return val; }
    template <typename U> explicit operator U() const { return static_cast<U>(val); }
    modular<T>& operator+=(const modular<T>& _m) { if ((val += _m.val) >= MOD) { val -= MOD; } return *this; }
    modular<T>& operator-=(const modular<T>& _m) { if ((val -= _m.val) < 0) { val += MOD; } return *this; }
    modular<T>& operator*=(const modular<T>& _m) { val = modular<T>(static_cast<int64_t>(val) * static_cast<int64_t>(_m.val)).val; return *this; }
    modular<T>& operator/=(const modular<T>& _m) {
        T a = _m.val, b = MOD, u = 0, v = 1;
        while (a != 0) {
            T q = b / a;
            b -= q * a; swap(a, b);
            u -= q * v; swap(u, v); 
        } return *this *= u; }
    modular<T>& operator =(const modular<T>& _m) { val = _m.val; return *this; }
    template <typename U> modular<T>& operator+=(const U& _r) { return *this += modular<T>(_r); }
    template <typename U> modular<T>& operator-=(const U& _r) { return *this -= modular<T>(_r); }
    template <typename U> modular<T>& operator*=(const U& _r) { return *this *= modular<T>(_r); }
    template <typename U> modular<T>& operator/=(const U& _r) { return *this /= modular<T>(_r); } 
    template <typename U> modular<T>& operator =(const U& _r) { val = modular<T>(_r).val; return *this; }
    modular<T> operator-() { return modular<T>(-val); }    
    template <typename U> friend bool operator==(const modular<U>&, const modular<U>&);
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& os, modular<T>& _m) { os >> _m.val; _m *= 1; return os; }
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const modular<T>& _m) { return os << _m.val; }
    template <typename U>
    modular<T> exp(U e) {
        modular<T> res = 1;
        modular<T> b = val;
        if (e < 0) { b = 1/b; e *= -1; }
        for (; e; e >>= 1) {
            if (e & 1) { res *= b; }
            b *= b;
        } return res; }
private:
    T val;
};
template <typename T> inline modular<T> operator+(const modular<T>& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) += _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator+(const modular<T>& _lhs, const U& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) += _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator+(const U& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) += _rhs; }
template <typename T> inline modular<T> operator-(const modular<T>& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) -= _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator-(const modular<T>& _lhs, const U& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) -= _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator-(const U& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) -= _rhs; }
template <typename T> inline modular<T> operator*(const modular<T>& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) *= _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator*(const modular<T>& _lhs, const U& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) *= _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator*(const U& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) *= _rhs; }
template <typename T> inline modular<T> operator/(const modular<T>& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) /= _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator/(const modular<T>& _lhs, const U& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) /= _rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline modular<T> operator/(const U& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) /= _rhs; }
template <typename T> inline bool operator==(const modular<T>& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return _lhs.val == _rhs.val; }
template <typename T, typename U> inline bool operator==(const modular<T>& _lhs, const U& _rhs) { return _lhs == modular<T>(_rhs); }
template <typename T, typename U> inline bool operator==(const U& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return modular<T>(_lhs) == _rhs; }
template <typename T> inline bool operator!=(const modular<T>& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return !(_lhs == _rhs); }
template <typename T, typename U> inline bool operator!=(const modular<T>& _lhs, const U& _rhs) { return !(_lhs == _rhs); }
template <typename T, typename U> inline bool operator!=(const U& _lhs, const modular<T>& _rhs) { return !(_lhs == _rhs); }
typedef modular<int> mint;

void solve() {
    int n; cin >> n;
    string s; cin >> s;
    vector<int> cnt(26, 1);
    for (char c: s) {
        cnt[c - 'a']++;
    }
    mint res = 1;
    for (int x: cnt) {
        res *= x;
    }
    res -= 1;
    cout << res;
}

int main() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(NULL);
    solve();
    cout << endl;
}