Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

There are N cities numbered 1 through N, and M bidirectional roads numbered 1 through M.
Road i connects City A_i and City B_i.

Snuke can perform the following operation zero or more times:

Choose two distinct cities that are not directly connected by a road, and build a new road between the two cities.

After he finishes the operations, it must be possible to travel from any city to any other cities by following roads (possibly multiple times).

What is the minimum number of roads he must build to achieve the goal?

Constraints

2 \leq N \leq 100,000

1 \leq M \leq 100,000

1 \leq A_i < B_i \leq N

No two roads connect the same pair of cities.

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N M
A_1 B_1
:
A_M B_M

Output

Print the answer.

Sample Input 1

3 1
1 2

Sample Output 1

1

Initially, there are three cities, and there is a road between City 1 and City 2.

Snuke can achieve the goal by building one new road, for example, between City 1 and City 3.
After that,

We can travel between 1 and 2 directly.

We can travel between 1 and 3 directly.

We can travel between 2 and 3 by following both roads (2 - 1 - 3).

Solution in C++ (GCC 9.2.1 with AC Library v1.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define REP(i, n) for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
typedef pair<ll,ll> LP;
const int dx[8] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1};
const int dy[8] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1};
const int INF = 1000000000;
const ll LINF = 1000000000000000000;//1e18
const ll MOD = 1000000007;
const ll MOD2 = 998244353;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
const double EPS = 1e-10;

template<class T> inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }
template<class T> inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; }

/*  ----------------------- DEBUG FUNCTION ---------------------------- */
#define DUMPOUT cerr
void dump_function() { DUMPOUT << ' '; }
void dump_function(bool a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
void dump_function(int a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
void dump_function(long long a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
void dump_function(char a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
void dump_function(string &a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
void dump_function(double a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
template <class T> void dump_function(const vector<T> &);
template <class T, size_t size> void dump_function(const array<T, size> &);
template <class T, class L> void dump_function(const pair<T, L> &p);
template <class T, size_t size> void dump_function(const T (&)[size]);
template <class T> void dump_function(const vector<T> &a) {
    if(a.empty()) return;
    dump_function(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
        DUMPOUT << " ";
        dump_function(*i);
    }
    DUMPOUT << endl;
}
template <class T> void dump_function(const deque<T> &a) {
    if(a.empty()) return;
    dump_function(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
        DUMPOUT << " ";
        dump_function(*i);
    }
}
template <class T, size_t size> void dump_function(const array<T, size> &a) {
    dump_function(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
        DUMPOUT << " ";
        dump_function(*i);
    }
}
template <class T, class L> void dump_function(const pair<T, L> &p) {
    DUMPOUT << '(';
    dump_function(p.first);
    DUMPOUT << ",";
    dump_function(p.second);
    DUMPOUT << ')';
}
template <class T> void dump_function(set<T> &x) {
    for(auto e : x) dump_function(e), DUMPOUT << " ";
    DUMPOUT << endl;
}
template <class T> void dump_function(multiset<T> &x) {
    for(auto e : x) dump_function(e), DUMPOUT << " ";
    DUMPOUT << endl;
}
template <class T, size_t size> void dump_function(const T (&a)[size]) {
    dump_function(a[0]);
    for(auto i = a; ++i != end(a);) {
        DUMPOUT << " ";
        dump_function(*i);
    }
}
template <class T> void dump_function(const T &a) { DUMPOUT << a; }
int dump_out() {
    DUMPOUT << '\n';
    return 0;
}
template <class T> int dump_out(const T &t) {
    dump_function(t);
    DUMPOUT << '\n';
    return 0;
}
template <class Head, class... Tail> int dump_out(const Head &head, const Tail &... tail) {
    dump_function(head);
    DUMPOUT << ' ';
    dump_out(tail...);
    return 0;
}

#ifdef DEBUG_
#define dump(x)                                                                                                                                               \
    DUMPOUT << #x << ": ";                                                                                                                                        \
    dump_function(x);                                                                                                                                                  \
    DUMPOUT << endl;
void dumps() {}
template <class T> void dumps(const T &t) {
    dump_function(t);
    DUMPOUT << " ";
}
template <class Head, class... Tail> void dumps(const Head &head, const Tail &... tail) {
    dump_function(head);
    DUMPOUT << ' ';
    dump_out(tail...);
}
#else
#define dump(x)
template <class... T> void dumps(const T &...) {}
#endif
/*  ----------------------- DEBUG FUNCTION ---------------------------- */

template<int MOD> struct Fp {
    long long val;
    constexpr Fp(long long v = 0) noexcept : val(v % MOD) {
        if (val < 0) val += MOD;
    }
    constexpr int getmod() { return MOD; }
    constexpr Fp operator - () const noexcept {
        return val ? MOD - val : 0;
    }
    constexpr Fp operator + (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) += r; }
    constexpr Fp operator - (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) -= r; }
    constexpr Fp operator * (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) *= r; }
    constexpr Fp operator / (const Fp& r) const noexcept { return Fp(*this) /= r; }
    constexpr Fp& operator += (const Fp& r) noexcept {
        val += r.val;
        if (val >= MOD) val -= MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr Fp& operator -= (const Fp& r) noexcept {
        val -= r.val;
        if (val < 0) val += MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr Fp& operator *= (const Fp& r) noexcept {
        val = val * r.val % MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr Fp& operator /= (const Fp& r) noexcept {
        long long a = r.val, b = MOD, u = 1, v = 0;
        while (b) {
            long long t = a / b;
            a -= t * b; swap(a, b);
            u -= t * v; swap(u, v);
        }
        val = val * u % MOD;
        if (val < 0) val += MOD;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr bool operator == (const Fp& r) const noexcept {
        return this->val == r.val;
    }
    constexpr bool operator != (const Fp& r) const noexcept {
        return this->val != r.val;
    }
    friend constexpr ostream& operator << (ostream &os, const Fp<MOD>& x) noexcept {
        return os << x.val;
    }
    friend constexpr Fp<MOD> modpow(const Fp<MOD> &a, long long n) noexcept {
        if (n == 0) return 1;
        auto t = modpow(a, n / 2);
        t = t * t;
        if (n & 1) t = t * a;
        return t;
    }
};

template<class T> struct BiCoef {
    vector<T> fact_, inv_, finv_;
    constexpr BiCoef() {}
    constexpr BiCoef(int n) noexcept : fact_(n, 1), inv_(n, 1), finv_(n, 1) {
        init(n);
    }
    constexpr void init(int n) noexcept {
        fact_.assign(n, 1), inv_.assign(n, 1), finv_.assign(n, 1);
        int MOD = fact_[0].getmod();
        for(int i = 2; i < n; i++){
            fact_[i] = fact_[i-1] * i;
            inv_[i] = -inv_[MOD%i] * (MOD/i);
            finv_[i] = finv_[i-1] * inv_[i];
        }
    }
    constexpr T com(int n, int k) const noexcept {
        if (n < k || n < 0 || k < 0) return 0;
        return fact_[n] * finv_[k] * finv_[n-k];
    }
    constexpr T fact(int n) const noexcept {
        if (n < 0) return 0;
        return fact_[n];
    }
    constexpr T inv(int n) const noexcept {
        if (n < 0) return 0;
        return inv_[n];
    }
    constexpr T finv(int n) const noexcept {
        if (n < 0) return 0;
        return finv_[n];
    }
    constexpr T perm(int n, int k) const noexcept {
        if (n < k || n < 0 || k < 0) return 0;
        return fact_[n] * finv_[n-k];
    }
};

using mint = Fp<MOD>;
BiCoef<mint> bc;
// using vec = vector<mint>;
// using mat = vector<vec>;

/*  ----------------------- AtCoder Library ---------------------------- */
#include <atcoder/all>
using namespace atcoder;
/*  ----------------------- AtCoder Library ---------------------------- */

struct UnionFind {
    vector<int> par;

    UnionFind(int n) : par(n, -1) { }
    void init(int n) { par.assign(n, -1); }

    int root(int x) {
        if (par[x] < 0) return x;
        else return par[x] = root(par[x]);
    }

    bool issame(int x, int y) {
        return root(x) == root(y);
    }

    bool unite(int x, int y) {
        x = root(x); y = root(y);
        if (x == y) return false;
        if (par[x] > par[y]) swap(x, y); // merge technique
        par[x] += par[y];
        par[y] = x;
        return true;
    }

    int size(int x) {
        return -par[root(x)];
    }
};

void solve(){
    int N, M;
    cin >> N >> M;
    UnionFind uf(N);
    REP(i,M){
        int u, v;
        cin >> u >> v;
        --u, --v;
        uf.unite(u, v);
    }
    int ans = 0;
    for(int i=1;i<N;i++){
        if(uf.issame(0, i)) continue;
        uf.unite(0, i);
        ans++;
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
}

int main(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    solve();
    // int T; cin >> T; REP(t,T) solve();
}