Problem:
Score: 300 points

Problem Statement

Consider an analog clock whose hour and minute hands are A and B centimeters long, respectively.

An endpoint of the hour hand and an endpoint of the minute hand are fixed at the same point, around which each hand rotates clockwise at constant angular velocity. It takes the hour and minute hands 12 hours and 1 hour to make one full rotation, respectively.

At 0 o'clock, the two hands overlap each other. H hours and M minutes later, what is the distance in centimeters between the unfixed endpoints of the hands?

Constraints

All values in input are integers.

1 \leq A, B \leq 1000

0 \leq H \leq 11

0 \leq M \leq 59

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

A B H M

Output

Print the answer without units. Your output will be accepted when its absolute or relative error from the correct value is at most 10^{-9}.

Sample Input 1

3 4 9 0

Sample Output 1

5.00000000000000000000

The two hands will be in the positions shown in the figure below, so the answer is 5 centimeters.

Sample Input 2

3 4 10 40

Sample Output 2

4.56425719433005567605

The two hands will be in the positions shown in the figure below. Note that each hand always rotates at constant angular velocity.

Solution in C++ (GCC 9.2.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

//https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc168/tasks/abc168_c
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <map>
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <limits>
#include <stack>
#include <math.h>
#include <cstdint>
#include <numeric>
#include <random>
#include <chrono>
#include <deque>
#define REP(i,n) for(ll i=0, i##_len=(n); i<i##_len; ++i)
#define RREP(i,n) for(ll i=(n)-1; i>=0; --i)
#define SREP(i,s,n) for(ll i=(s), i##_len=(n); i<i##_len; ++i)
#define ALL(v) (v).begin(),(v).end()

using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef unsigned long long int ull;

template <typename T>
T gcd(T a, T b) {
    if(a < b) gcd(b, a);
    if (b == 1) return 1;
    T r;
    while ((r=a%b)) {
        a = b;
        b = r;
    }
    return b;
}

template<typename T>
struct UnionFind {
    vector<T> par;
    vector<T> rank;
    
    UnionFind(T n = 1) {
        init(n);
    }
    
    void init(T n = 1) {
        par.resize(n); rank.resize(n);
        for (T i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            par[i] = i;
            rank[i] = 0;
        }
    }
    
    int root(T x) {
        if (par[x] == x) {
            return x;
        }
        else {
            int r = root(par[x]);
            return par[x] = r;
        }
    }
    
    bool issame(T x, T y) {
        return root(x) == root(y);
    }
    
    bool merge(T x, T y) {
        x = root(x); y = root(y);
        if (x == y) return false;
        if (rank[x] < rank[y]) swap(x, y);
        if (rank[x] == rank[y]) ++rank[x];
        par[y] = x;
        return true;
    }
};

template< typename Monoid, typename OperatorMonoid = Monoid >
struct LazySegmentTree {
  using F = function< Monoid(Monoid, Monoid) >;
  using G = function< Monoid(Monoid, OperatorMonoid) >;
  using H = function< OperatorMonoid(OperatorMonoid, OperatorMonoid) >;

  ll sz, height;
  vector< Monoid > data;
  vector< OperatorMonoid > lazy;
  const F f;
  const G g;
  const H h;
  const Monoid M1;
  const OperatorMonoid OM0;


  LazySegmentTree(ll n, const F f, const G g, const H h,
                  const Monoid &M1, const OperatorMonoid OM0)
      : f(f), g(g), h(h), M1(M1), OM0(OM0) {
    sz = 1;
    height = 0;
    while(sz < n) sz <<= 1, height++;
    data.assign(2 * sz, M1);
    lazy.assign(2 * sz, OM0);
  }

  void set(ll k, const Monoid &x) {
    data[k + sz] = x;
  }

  void build() {
    for(int k = sz - 1; k > 0; k--) {
      data[k] = f(data[2 * k + 0], data[2 * k + 1]);
    }
  }

  inline void propagate(ll k) {
    if(lazy[k] != OM0) {
      lazy[2 * k + 0] = h(lazy[2 * k + 0], lazy[k]);
      lazy[2 * k + 1] = h(lazy[2 * k + 1], lazy[k]);
      data[k] = reflect(k);
      lazy[k] = OM0;
    }
  }

  inline Monoid reflect(ll k) {
    return lazy[k] == OM0 ? data[k] : g(data[k], lazy[k]);
  }

  inline void recalc(ll k) {
    while(k >>= 1) data[k] = f(reflect(2 * k + 0), reflect(2 * k + 1));
  }

  inline void thrust(ll k) {
    for(int i = height; i > 0; i--) propagate(k >> i);
  }

  void update(ll a, ll b, const OperatorMonoid &x) {
    thrust(a += sz);
    thrust(b += sz - 1);
    for(int l = a, r = b + 1; l < r; l >>= 1, r >>= 1) {
      if(l & 1) lazy[l] = h(lazy[l], x), ++l;
      if(r & 1) --r, lazy[r] = h(lazy[r], x);
    }
    recalc(a);
    recalc(b);
  }

  Monoid query(ll a, ll b) {
    thrust(a += sz);
    thrust(b += sz - 1);
    Monoid L = M1, R = M1;
    for(int l = a, r = b + 1; l < r; l >>= 1, r >>= 1) {
      if(l & 1) L = f(L, reflect(l++));
      if(r & 1) R = f(reflect(--r), R);
    }
    return f(L, R);
  }

  Monoid operator[](const int &k) {
    return query(k, k + 1);
  }

  template< typename C >
  int find_subtree(ll a, const C &check, Monoid &M, bool type) {
    while(a < sz) {
      propagate(a);
      Monoid nxt = type ? f(reflect(2 * a + type), M) : f(M, reflect(2 * a + type));
      if(check(nxt)) a = 2 * a + type;
      else M = nxt, a = 2 * a + 1 - type;
    }
    return a - sz;
  }

  template< typename C >
  int find_first(ll a, const C &check) {
    Monoid L = M1;
    if(a <= 0) {
      if(check(f(L, reflect(1)))) return find_subtree(1, check, L, false);
      return -1;
    }
    thrust(a + sz);
    int b = sz;
    for(a += sz, b += sz; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {
      if(a & 1) {
        Monoid nxt = f(L, reflect(a));
        if(check(nxt)) return find_subtree(a, check, L, false);
        L = nxt;
        ++a;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }


  template< typename C >
  int find_last(ll b, const C &check) {
    Monoid R = M1;
    if(b >= sz) {
      if(check(f(reflect(1), R))) return find_subtree(1, check, R, true);
      return -1;
    }
    thrust(b + sz - 1);
    int a = sz;
    for(b += sz; a < b; a >>= 1, b >>= 1) {
      if(b & 1) {
        Monoid nxt = f(reflect(--b), R);
        if(check(nxt)) return find_subtree(b, check, R, true);
        R = nxt;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }
};


int msb(ll x) {
    int n = 0;
    while (x > 0) {
        x/=2;
        n++;
    }
    return n;
}


template <ll Modulus> class modint {
public:
    ll a;

    constexpr modint(const ll x = 0) noexcept : a(x % Modulus) {}
    constexpr ll &value() noexcept { return a; }
    constexpr operator int() const { return a; }
    constexpr operator long long() const { return a; }
    constexpr const ll &value() const noexcept { return a; }
    constexpr modint operator+(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) += rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator+(const ll rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) += rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator-(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) -= rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator-(const ll rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) -= rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator*(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) *= rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator*(const ll rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) *= rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator/(const modint rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) /= rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint operator/(const ll rhs) const noexcept {
        return modint(*this) /= rhs;
    }
    constexpr modint &operator+=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
        a += rhs.a;
        if (a >= Modulus) {
            a -= Modulus;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr modint &operator-=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
        if (a < rhs.a) {
            a += Modulus;
        }
        a -= rhs.a;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr modint &operator*=(const modint rhs) noexcept {
        a = a * rhs.a % Modulus;
        return *this;
    }
    constexpr modint &operator/=(modint rhs) noexcept {
        ll exp = Modulus - 2;
        while (exp) {
            if (exp % 2) {
                *this *= rhs;
            }
            rhs *= rhs;
            exp /= 2;
        }
        return *this;
    }
};

#define MOD (ll(998244353))
#define INF (ll(1e15))

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    (void)argc;
    (void)argv;
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    double A, B, H, M;
    cin >> A >> B >> H >> M;
    
    double ha = 2.0*M_PI*(H + M/60.0)/12.0;
    double ma = 2.0*M_PI*M/60.0;
    
    double theta = abs(ha-ma);
    double C = sqrt( A*A*sin(theta)*sin(theta) + (A*cos(theta)-B)*(A*cos(theta)-B) );
    
    cout << setprecision(10) << C << endl;
}