Problem:
Score : 300 points

Problem Statement

In a flower bed, there are N flowers, numbered 1,2,......,N. Initially, the heights of all flowers are 0.
You are given a sequence h=\{h_1,h_2,h_3,......\} as input. You would like to change the height of Flower k to h_k for all k (1 \leq k \leq N), by repeating the following "watering" operation:

Specify integers l and r. Increase the height of Flower x by 1 for all x such that l \leq x \leq r.

Find the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 100

0 \leq h_i \leq 100

All values in input are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
h_1 h_2 h_3 ...... h_N

Output

Print the minimum number of watering operations required to satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 1

4
1 2 2 1

Sample Output 1

2

The minimum number of watering operations required is 2.
One way to achieve it is:

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(1,3).

Perform the operation with (l,r)=(2,4).

Sample Input 2

5
3 1 2 3 1

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

8
4 23 75 0 23 96 50 100

Sample Output 3

221

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <cstring>
#include <math.h>
#include <bitset>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <iomanip>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>
// #include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
constexpr long long int INFLL = 1001001001001001LL;
constexpr long long int infll = 1001001001001001LL;
constexpr int INF = 1000000007;
constexpr int inf = 1000000007;
const int mod = 1000000007;

template <class T>
inline bool chmin(T &a, T b)
{
    if (a > b)
    {
        a = b;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
template <class T>
inline bool chmax(T &a, T b)
{
    if (a < b)
    {
        a = b;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

ll gcd(ll a, ll b)
{
    if (a % b == 0)
    {
        return (b);
    }
    else
    {
        return (gcd(b, a % b));
    }
}

ll lcm(ll a, ll b)
{
    return a / gcd(a, b) * b;
}

inline double nCr(const int n, int r)
{
    if (n == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    if (r == 0)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    if (r == 1)
    {
        return n;
    }
    if (n == r)
    {
        return 1;
    }

    if (r > n / 2)
    {
        r = n / 2;
    }

    double result = 1;
    for (double i = 1; i <= r; i++)
    {
        result *= (n - i + 1) / i;
    }

    return (result);
}

template <typename T>
T seinomi(T a)
{
    if (a > 0)
    {
        return a;
    }
    else
    {
        return 0;
    }
}

template <typename T>
map<T, T> soinsuubunkai(T n) //連想配列[素因数f.first][個数f.second]
{
    map<T, T> ret;
    for (T i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
    {
        while (n % i == 0)
        {
            ret[i]++;
            n /= i;
        }
    }
    if (n != 1)
        ret[n] = 1;
    return ret;
}

template <typename T>
T ketasuu(T num)
{
    return std::to_string(num).length();
}

int kaizyou(int k)
{
    int sum = 1;
    for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i)
    {
        sum *= i;
    }
    return sum;
}

template <class ForwardIt, class T>
void iota(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, T value)
{
    while (first != last)
    {
        *first++ = value;
        ++value;
    }
}

//nの階乗を計算
int factorial(int n)
{
    int answer = 1;
    while (n > 1)
    {
        answer *= n;
        n--;
    }
    return answer;
}
int comb(int n, int r)
{
    return factorial(n) / (factorial(r) * factorial(n - r));
}

long long modpow(long long a, long long n, long long mod)
{
    long long res = 1;
    while (n > 0)
    {
        if (n & 1)
            res = res * a % mod;
        a = a * a % mod;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}


template <typename T>
T amarinasi(T a,T b){
    if(a%b==0)
{
    return a/b;
}
else if(a%b>0)
{
    return a/b+1;
}
else
{
    return a/b-1;
}
}

//小数点以下10桁テンプレート（main関数内の最初に貼付け）
//std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(10);

//----------------------------------------------------------------

int main(){
ll n;
cin>>n;
ll a[n];
for(ll i=0;i<n;i++){
    cin>>a[i];
}
ll sum=a[0];
for(ll i=0;i<n-1;i++){
    sum+=seinomi(a[i+1]-a[i]);
}
cout<<sum<<endl;
return 0;
}