Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <numeric>

using namespace std;

#define INT_MAX_VALUE 2147483647
#define LONG_LONG_MAX_VALUE 9223372036854775807
#define ll long long
#define ld long double

struct XX{
    int i;
    int a;
    int b;
};

class xxGreater {
public:
    bool operator()(const XX& riLeft, const XX& riRight) const {
        //第2条件
        if((riLeft.a) == (riRight.a)){
            return riLeft.b < riRight.b;//<:昇順(小さいものから順番)、>:降順(大きいものから順番)
            //プライオリティキューの場合は > で、top()すると値の小さいものがとれる
        }
        //第1条件
        return (riLeft.a) > (riRight.a);
    }
};


//map<long long,long long> prime_f(long long n){
//    map<long long,long long>res;
//    for(int i=2;i*i<=n;i++){
//        while(n%i==0){
//            ++res[i];
//            n/=i;
//        }
//    }
//    if(n!=1)res[n]=1;
//    return res;
//}

//int n;
////int dat[2*10000000];
////int dat2[2*10000000];
//int dat[10];
//int dat2[10];
//
//void init(int n_){
//    n=1;
//    while(n<n_)n*=2;
//    for(int i=0;i<2*n-1;i++){
//        dat[i]=0;
//        dat2[i]=0;
//    }
//}
//
//void initset(int k,int a){
//    k+=n-1;
//    dat[k]=a;
//    while(k>0){
//        k=(k-1)/2;
//        dat[k]=dat[k*2+1]+dat[k*2+2];
//    }
//}
//
////[a,b)の間を[l,r]区間で比較しアップデート
////引数のindexに注意
////nは固定。initで計算すみ
////update2(L[i],R[i]+1,0,0,n,D[i]);
//void update2(int a,int b,int k,int l,int r,int v){//v更新値、区間は0-index
//    if(r<=a || b<=l)return;
//    if(a<=l && r<=b){
//        dat[k]+=dat2[k];
//        if(r-l>1){
//            dat2[k*2+1]+=dat2[k]/2;
//            dat2[k*2+1]+=dat2[k]/2;
//        }
//        dat2[k]=v*(r-l);
//        return;
//    }else{
//        update2(a,b,k*2+1,l,(l+r)/2,v);
//        update2(a,b,k*2+2,(l+r)/2,r,v);
//        return;
//    }
//}
//
//int query(int a,int b,int k,int l,int r){
//    if(r<=a || b<=l)return 0;
//    if(a<=l && r<=b){
//        dat[k]+=dat2[k];
//        if(r-l>1){
//            dat2[k*2+1]+=dat2[k]/2;
//            dat2[k*2+1]+=dat2[k]/2;
//        }
//        dat2[k]=0;
//        return dat[k];
//    }
//    else{
//        int vl=query(a,b,k*2+1,l,(l+r)/2);
//        int vr=query(a,b,k*2+2,(l+r)/2,r);
//        return vl+vr;
//    }
//}



//void printb(unsigned int v) {
//    unsigned int mask = (int)1 << (sizeof(v) * CHAR_BIT - 1);
//    do putchar(mask & v ? '1' : '0');
//    while (mask >>= 1);
//}


pair<string,string>splitstring(string s,int n,bool f){
    pair<string,string> ret;
    if(f){
        ret.first=s.substr(0,n);
        ret.second=s.substr(n,s.size()-n);
    }else{
        ret.first=s.substr(0,s.size()-n);
        ret.second=s.substr(s.size()-n,n);
    }
    return ret;
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    //scanf("%s",S);
    //scanf("%d",&N);
    //scanf("%lld %lld",&target1,&target2);
    //sscanf(tmp.c_str(),"%dd%d%d",&time[i], &dice[i], &z[i]);
    //getline(cin, target);
    //ifstream ifs("a.txt");//テスト用
    //ifs >> a;
    //ここから
    
    //入力高速化
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0);
    
    int N,Q;
    string S;
    cin>>N>>S>>Q;
    
    set<int> a[26];
    for(int i=0;i<S.size();i++){
        a[*S.substr(i,1).c_str()-'a'].insert(i);
    }
    for(int i=0;i<Q;i++){
        int t;
        cin>>t;
        if(t==1){
            int x;
            string y;
            cin>>x>>y;
            x--;
            a[*S.substr(x,1).c_str()-'a'].erase(x);
            a[*y.c_str()-'a'].insert(x);
            S=splitstring(S,x,1).first+y+splitstring(S,x,1).second.substr(1,splitstring(S,x,1).second.size()-1);
            cout << S << endl;
        }else{
            int x,y;
            cin>>x>>y;
            x--;y--;
            int cnt=0;
            for(int j=0;j<26;j++){
                auto it1=a[j].lower_bound(x);
                //auto it2=a[j].lower_bound(y);
                //cout << "     " << *it1 << endl;
                if(it1==a[j].end()){
                    
                }else{
                    if(*it1<=y){
                        cnt++;
                    }
                }
            }
            cout << cnt << endl;
        }
    }

    //ここまで
    //cout << "ans" << endl;
    //printf("%.0f\n",ans);//小数点以下表示なし
    //printf("%.7f\n",p);
    
    return 0;
}