Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
#define rep(k,i,n) for(ll i=k;i<n;++i)
int main(void){
    ll n,q,ans;
    string s;
    cin>>n>>s>>q;
    set<ll>se[26];
    rep(0,i,n)se[s[i]-'a'].insert(i+1);
    rep(0,nq,q){
        ll q0;
        cin>>q0;
        if(q0==1){
            ll i;
            char c;
            cin>>i>>c;
            rep(0,al,26)if(se[al].erase(i))break;
            se[c-'a'].insert(i);
        }else{
            ll l,r;
            cin>>l>>r;
            ans=0;
            rep(0,al,26){
                auto r0=se[al].lower_bound(l);
                if(r0!=se[al].end()&&*r0<r+1)++ans;
            }
            cout<<ans<<endl;
        }
    }
    
}