Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

In some other world, today is Christmas.

Mr. Takaha decides to make a multi-dimensional burger in his party. A level-L burger (L is an integer greater than or equal to 0) is the following thing:

A level-0 burger is a patty.

A level-L burger (L \geq 1) is a bun, a level-(L-1) burger, a patty, another level-(L-1) burger and another bun, stacked vertically in this order from the bottom.

For example, a level-1 burger and a level-2 burger look like BPPPB and BBPPPBPBPPPBB (rotated 90 degrees), where B and P stands for a bun and a patty.

The burger Mr. Takaha will make is a level-N burger. Lunlun the Dachshund will eat X layers from the bottom of this burger (a layer is a patty or a bun). How many patties will she eat?

Constraints

1 \leq N \leq 50

1 \leq X \leq ( the total number of layers in a level-N burger )

N and X are integers.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N X

Output

Print the number of patties in the bottom-most X layers from the bottom of a level-N burger.

Sample Input 1

2 7

Sample Output 1

4

There are 4 patties in the bottom-most 7 layers of a level-2 burger (BBPPPBPBPPPBB).

Sample Input 2

1 1

Sample Output 2

0

The bottom-most layer of a level-1 burger is a bun.

Sample Input 3

50 4321098765432109

Sample Output 3

2160549382716056

A level-50 burger is rather thick, to the extent that the number of its layers does not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++)
#define ITR(x,c) for(__typeof(c.begin() x=c.begin();x!=c.end();x++)
#define RITR(x,c) for(__typeof(c.rbegin() x=c.rbegin();x!=c.rend();x++)
#define setp(n) fixed << setprecision(n)

#define lf double
#define ll long long
#define vll vector<ll>
#define vi vector<int>
#define pll pair<ll,ll>
#define pi pair<int,int>

#define all(a) (a.begin()),(a.end())
#define rall(a) (a.rbegin()),(a.rend())
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define mp make_pair
#define ins insert

using namespace std;

ll p[51], w[51];

ll rec(ll n, ll x)
{
	if (n == 0) return (x>0)?1:0;
	x--;
	if (x <= w[n-1]){
		return rec(n-1, x);
	}else{
		return p[n-1]+1+rec(n-1, x-w[n-1]-1);
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	cin.tie(0);
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	ll n, x; cin>>n>>x;
	p[0] = 1, w[0] = 1;
	rep(i, n){
		p[i+1] = 2*p[i]+1;
		w[i+1] = 2*w[i]+3;
	}
	ll ans=0;
	cout << rec(n, x) << "\n";
	return 0;
}