Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters.

Process Q queries of the following two types:

Type 1: change the i_q-th character of S to c_q. (Do nothing if the i_q-th character is already c_q.)

Type 2: answer the number of different characters occurring in the substring of S between the l_q-th and r_q-th characters (inclusive).

Constraints

N, Q, i_q, l_q, and r_q are integers.

S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

c_q is a lowercase English letter.

1 \leq N \leq 500000

1 \leq Q \leq 20000

|S| = N

1 \leq i_q \leq N

1 \leq l_q \leq r_q \leq N

There is at least one query of type 2 in each testcase.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
S
Q
Query_1
\vdots
Query_Q

Here, Query_i in the 4-th through (Q+3)-th lines is one of the following:

1 i_q c_q

2 l_q r_q

Output

For each query of type 2, print a line containing the answer.

Sample Input 1

7
abcdbbd
6
2 3 6
1 5 z
2 1 1
1 4 a
1 7 d
2 1 7

Sample Output 1

3
1
5

In the first query, cdbb contains three kinds of letters: b , c , and d, so we print 3.

In the second query, S is modified to abcdzbd.

In the third query, a contains one kind of letter: a, so we print 1.

In the fourth query, S is modified to abcazbd.

In the fifth query, S does not change and is still abcazbd.

In the sixth query, abcazbd contains five kinds of letters: a, b, c, d, and z, so we print 5.

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Time Limit Exceeded)

/**
 * code generated by JHelper
 * More info: https://github.com/AlexeyDmitriev/JHelper
 * @author champon
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define se cout << "test ok" << endl;
#define sp << " " <<
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
const ll mod = ll(1e9)+7;
const ll inf = ll(5e18);
template<typename T1, typename T2> ll ceill(T1 a, T2 b){ return (a+b-1)/b; }
void ans(bool b, ostream& out=cout){ out << (b ? "Yes" : "No") << endl; }
void ans2(bool b, ostream& out=cout){ out << (b ? "YES" : "NO") << endl; }
template<typename T> inline bool chmax(T &a, T b){ if(a<b){a=b; return true;} return false; }
template<typename T> inline bool chmin(T &a, T b){ if(a>b){a=b; return true;} return false; }
template<typename A, size_t N, typename T> void Fill(A (&array)[N], const T &val){ fill((T*)array, (T*)(array+N), val); }
int dx[] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1};
int dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1};

#ifndef INCLUDE_DEBUG_HPP
#define INCLUDE_DEBUG_HPP

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

namespace dbg {
    using ll = long long;

    class Debug {
    public:
        Debug(){}
        template<typename T>
        void vd(vector<T> vec);
        template<typename T>
        void vd2(vector<vector<T>> vec);
        template<typename T>
        void ad(T *arr, ll n);
        template<typename T, size_t N>
        void ad2(T (&arr)[N], ll n);
        template<typename T>
        void md(T mp);
    };

    template<typename T>
    void Debug::vd(vector<T> vec) {
        for (auto vv : vec) cout << vv << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }

    template<typename T>
    void Debug::vd2(vector<vector<T>> vec) {
        for (auto vv : vec) for (auto vvv : vv) cout << vvv << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }

    template<typename T>
    void Debug::ad(T *arr, ll n) {
        for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) cout << arr[i] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }

    template<typename T, size_t N>
    void Debug::ad2(T (&arr)[N], ll n) {
        for (int i = 0; i <= N; i++) for (int j = 0; j <= n; j++) cout << arr[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }

    template<typename T>
    void Debug::md(T mp) {
        cout << "key : value" << endl;
        for (auto const &m : mp) cout << m.first << " : " << m.second << endl;
        cout << endl;
    }

}

#endif //INCLUDE_DEBUG_HPP

using dbg::Debug;
Debug debug;

class ESimpleStringQueries {
public:
	void solve(std::istream& in, std::ostream& out)
	{
	    ll n, q;
	    string s;
	    in >> n >> s >> q;
	    set<int> c[26];
	    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
	        char cc = s[i] - 'a';
	        c[cc].insert(i);
	    }

        for(int qi=0; qi<q; qi++){
            int op;
            in >> op;
            if(op == 1){
                int iq; char cq;
                in >> iq >> cq;
                iq--;
                c[s[iq] - 'a'].erase(iq);
                c[cq-'a'].insert(iq);
                s[iq] = cq;
                continue;
            }

            int l, r;
            in >> l >> r;
            l--; r--;
            int cnt = 0;
            for(int i=0; i<26; i++){
                auto itr = lower_bound(c[i].begin(), c[i].end(), l);
                if(itr != c[i].end() && *itr <= r) cnt++;
            }
            out << cnt << endl;
        }
	}
};


int main() {
	ESimpleStringQueries solver;
	std::istream& in(std::cin);
	std::ostream& out(std::cout);
	solver.solve(in, out);
	return 0;
}