Problem:
Score : 400 points

Problem Statement

One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

Constraints

1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000

(a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Sample Input 1

3
2 1 3

Sample Output 1

9

Sample Input 2

4
1 3 2 4

Sample Output 2

19

Sample Input 3

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3

Sample Output 3

85

Solution in C++14 (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

#define rep(i, n) for (int i = 0; i < int(n); i++)
#define rrep(i, n) for (int i = int(n) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
#define reps(i, n) for (int i = 1; i <= int(n); i++)
#define rreps(i, n) for (int i = int(n); i >= 1; i--)
#define repi(i, a, b) for (int i = int(a); i < int(b); i++)
#define each(x, y) for (auto &x : y)
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define bit(b) (1ll << (b))
#define uniq(v) (v).erase(unique(all(v)), (v).end())
#define rsort(v) sort(all(v)); reverse(all(v))

using namespace std;

using i32 = int;
using i64 = long long;
using f80 = long double;
using vi32 = vector<i32>;
using vi64 = vector<i64>;
using vf80 = vector<f80>;
using vstr = vector<string>;

inline void yes() { cout << "Yes" << '\n'; exit(0); }
inline void no() { cout << "No" << '\n'; exit(0); }
inline i64 gcd(i64 a, i64 b) { if (min(a, b) == 0) return max(a, b); if (a % b == 0) return b; return gcd(b, a % b); }
inline i64 lcm(i64 a, i64 b) { return a / gcd(a, b) * b; }
void solve(); int main() { ios::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout << fixed << setprecision(16); solve(); return 0; }
template<typename T> class pqasc : public priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>> {};
template<typename T> class pqdesc : public priority_queue<T, vector<T>, less<T>> {};
template<typename T> inline void amax(T &x, T y) { if (x < y) x = y; }
template<typename T> inline void amin(T &x, T y) { if (x > y) x = y; }
template<typename T> inline T power(T x, i64 n) { T r = 1; while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) r *= x; x *= x; n >>= 1; } return r; }
template<typename T> istream& operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) { for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; }
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) { rep(i, v.size()) { if (i) os << ' '; os << v[i]; } return os; }

void solve() {
  int n;
  cin >> n;
  vi32 a(n);
  cin >> a;
  rep(i, n) a[i]--;
  set<int> s = {-1, n};
  vi32 indices(n);
  rep(i, n) indices[a[i]] = i;
  i64 ans = 0;
  rep(i, n) {
    int idx = indices[i];
    auto j = s.upper_bound(idx);
    int r = *j, l = *(--j);
    ans += (i64) (r - idx) * (idx - l) * (i + 1);
    s.insert(idx);
  }
  cout << ans << '\n';
}