Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Wrong Answer)

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 500000000
void Merge( int,  int,int);
void MergeSort(int,int);
int n,l=0,S[N];
main()
{
  int i,n;
  
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(i=0;i<n;i++){
    scanf("%d",&S[i]);
  }
  MergeSort(0,n);  
  
  for(i=0;i<n-1;i++){
    printf("%d ",S[i]);
  }
  printf("%d\n%d\n",S[n-1],l);
  return 0;
}

void Merge(int left, int mid, int right){
  int n1,n2,i,k,j;
  n1 = mid - left;
  n2 = right - mid;
  int L[n1+1],R[n2+1];
  for (i = 0 ;i<n1;i++){
    L[i] = S[left + i];
  }
  for (i = 0 ;i<n2 ;i++){
    R[i] = S[mid + i];
  }
  L[n1]=N+1;
  R[n2]=N+1;
    i = 0;
    j = 0;
    
    for (k = left;k< right;k++){
      if (L[i] <= R[j])
	{
	  S[k] = L[i];
	  i = i + 1;
	}
      else {
	S[k] = R[j];
	j = j + 1;
      }
      l++;
    }
}

void MergeSort(int left, int right){
  int mid=0;
  if (left+1 < right){
    mid = (left+right)/2;
    MergeSort(left, mid);
    MergeSort(mid, right);
    Merge(left,mid,right);
  }  
}