Problem:
Partition

Quick sort is based on the Divide-and-conquer approach. In QuickSort(A, p, r), first, a procedure Partition(A, p, r) divides an array A[p..r] into two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] such that each element of A[p..q-1] is less than or equal to A[q], which is, inturn, less than or equal to each element of A[q+1..r]. It also computes the index q.

In the conquer processes, the two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] are sorted by recursive calls of QuickSort(A, p, q-1) and QuickSort(A, q+1, r).

Your task is to read a sequence A and perform the Partition based on the following pseudocode:

Partition(A, p, r)
1 x = A[r]
2 i = p-1
3 for j = p to r-1
4 do if A[j] <= x
5 then i = i+1
6 exchange A[i] and A[j]
7 exchange A[i+1] and A[r]
8 return i+1

Note that, in this algorithm, Partition always selects an element A[r] as a pivot element around which to partition the array A[p..r].

Input

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of elements in the sequence A.

In the second line, Ai (i = 1,2,...,n), elements of the sequence are given separated by space characters.

Output

Print the sorted sequence. Two contiguous elements of the sequence should be separated by a space character. The element which is selected as the pivot of the partition should be indicated by [  ].

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100,000

0 ≤ Ai ≤ 100,000

Sample Input 1

12
13 19 9 5 12 8 7 4 21 2 6 11

Sample Output 1

9 5 8 7 4 2 6 [11] 21 13 19 12

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 100000
#define VMAX 100000

int P(int * , int , int);

int main(){
    int *A;
    int n, i, q;

    scanf("%d", &n);

    A = malloc(sizeof(int)*(n+1));

    /* your code */
    for(i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        scanf("%d",&A[i]);

    }

    q = P(A, 1, n);

    for(i = 1; i < n; i++){
        if(i == q) printf("[%d] ",A[i]);
        
        else printf("%d ",A[i]);
    }


    if(i == q) printf("[%d]\n",A[i]);
    else printf("%d\n",A[i]);

    free(A);




  return 0;
}

int P(int *A, int p, int r){
    int x, i, j, k, a;

    x = A[r];
    i = p-1;

    for(j = p; j < r; j++){
        if(A[j] <= x){
            i++;
            a = A[j];
            A[j] = A[i];
            A[i] = a;
        }
    }

    a = A[r];
    A[r] = A[i+1];
    A[i+1] = a; 

    return i+1;
}