Problem:
Partition

Quick sort is based on the Divide-and-conquer approach. In QuickSort(A, p, r), first, a procedure Partition(A, p, r) divides an array A[p..r] into two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] such that each element of A[p..q-1] is less than or equal to A[q], which is, inturn, less than or equal to each element of A[q+1..r]. It also computes the index q.

In the conquer processes, the two subarrays A[p..q-1] and A[q+1..r] are sorted by recursive calls of QuickSort(A, p, q-1) and QuickSort(A, q+1, r).

Your task is to read a sequence A and perform the Partition based on the following pseudocode:

Partition(A, p, r)
1 x = A[r]
2 i = p-1
3 for j = p to r-1
4 do if A[j] <= x
5 then i = i+1
6 exchange A[i] and A[j]
7 exchange A[i+1] and A[r]
8 return i+1

Note that, in this algorithm, Partition always selects an element A[r] as a pivot element around which to partition the array A[p..r].

Input

The first line of the input includes an integer n, the number of elements in the sequence A.

In the second line, Ai (i = 1,2,...,n), elements of the sequence are given separated by space characters.

Output

Print the sorted sequence. Two contiguous elements of the sequence should be separated by a space character. The element which is selected as the pivot of the partition should be indicated by [  ].

Constraints

1 ≤ n ≤ 100,000

0 ≤ Ai ≤ 100,000

Sample Input 1

12
13 19 9 5 12 8 7 4 21 2 6 11

Sample Output 1

9 5 8 7 4 2 6 [11] 21 13 19 12

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)


#include<stdio.h>
 
void swap(int* a,int* b){
  int tmp=*a;
  *a=*b;
  *b=tmp;
}
 
int partition(int *A,int p,int q){
	int x = *(A + q);
  int i=p-1,j;
  for(j=p;j<q;j++){
    if(*(A + j)<=x){
      i++;
      swap(A+i,A + j);
    }
  }
  swap(A+i+1, A+q);
  return i+1;
}
 
int main(){
  int n,i,a;
  int A[100000];
	
  scanf("%d",&n);
	
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",&A[i]);
  a=partition(A,0,n-1);
	
  for(i=0;i<n;i++){
    if(i)printf(" ");
  	
    if(i==a)printf("[");
 
    printf("%d",A[i]);
  	
    if(i==a)printf("]");
  }
  printf("\n");
  return 0;
}