Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 500000
#define INFTY 200000000

void merge( int[], int, int, int );
void mergeSort( int[], int, int );

int count;
int L[N/2+2], R[N/2+2];

int main(){
  int s,i,A[N];
  
  scanf("%d",&s);
  for( i=0 ; i<s ; i++ ) scanf("%d",&A[i]);
  mergeSort( A, 0, s );
  for( i=0 ; i<s ; i++ ){
    printf("%d",A[i]);
    if( i<s-1 ) printf(" ");
  }
  printf("\n");
  printf("%d\n", count);
  return 0;
}

void merge( int A[], int left, int mid, int right ){
  int n1, n2, i, j, k;
  n1 = mid - left;
  n2 = right - mid;
  
  for( i=0 ; i<n1 ; i++ ) L[i] = A[ left+i ];
  for( i=0 ; i<n2 ; i++ ) R[i] = A[ mid+i ];
  
  L[n1] = INFTY;
  R[n2] = INFTY;
  i = 0;
  j = 0;
  
  for( k=left ; k<right ; k++ ){
    count++;
    if( L[i]<=R[j] ) A[k] = L[i++];
    else  A[k] = R[j++];
  }
}

void mergeSort( int A[], int left, int right ){
  int mid;
  if ( left+1<right ){
    mid = ( left+right ) / 2;
    mergeSort( A, left, mid );
    mergeSort( A, mid, right );
    merge( A, left, mid, right );
  }
}