Problem:
Score : 800 points

Problem Statement

There are N towns in Snuke Kingdom, conveniently numbered 1 through N.
Town 1 is the capital.

Each town in the kingdom has a Teleporter, a facility that instantly transports a person to another place.
The destination of the Teleporter of town i is town a_i (1≤a_i≤N).
It is guaranteed that one can get to the capital from any town by using the Teleporters some number of times.

King Snuke loves the integer K.
The selfish king wants to change the destination of the Teleporters so that the following holds:

Starting from any town, one will be at the capital after using the Teleporters exactly K times in total.

Find the minimum number of the Teleporters whose destinations need to be changed in order to satisfy the king's desire.

Constraints

2≤N≤10^5

1≤a_i≤N

One can get to the capital from any town by using the Teleporters some number of times.

1≤K≤10^9

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N K
a_1 a_2 ... a_N

Output

Print the minimum number of the Teleporters whose destinations need to be changed in order to satisfy King Snuke's desire.

Sample Input 1

3 1
2 3 1

Sample Output 1

2

Change the destinations of the Teleporters to a = (1,1,1).

Sample Input 2

4 2
1 1 2 2

Sample Output 2

0

There is no need to change the destinations of the Teleporters, since the king's desire is already satisfied.

Sample Input 3

8 2
4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4

Sample Output 3

3

For example, change the destinations of the Teleporters to a = (1,1,2,1,1,2,2,4).

Solution in C (GCC 5.4.1) (judge verdict: Accepted)

/*
cat <<EOF >mistaken-paste
*/

#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wincompatible-pointer-types"
#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>

#define BIG 2000000007
#define VERYBIG 2000000000000007LL

#define MOD 1000000007
#define FOD  998244353
typedef uint64_t ull;
typedef  int64_t sll;

#define N_MAX 1000000
#define M_MAX 200000

#ifdef __cplusplus
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <tuple>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <string>

using std::queue;
using std::priority_queue;
using std::stack;
using std::tuple;
using std::set;
using std::map;
using std::vector;
using std::greater;
using std::pair;
using std::string;

#endif

typedef struct {
	int32_t a;
	int32_t b;
} hw;

typedef struct {
	sll a;
	sll b;
} hwll;

typedef struct {
	sll a;
	sll b;
	sll c;
} hwllc;

typedef struct {
	hwll a;
	hwll b;
} linell;

ull n, m;
ull h, w;
ull k;
ull q;
ull vua, vub, vuc, vud, vue, vuf;
sll vsa, vsb, vsc, vsd, vse, vsf;
long double vra, vrb, vrc;
double vda, vdb, vdc;
char ch, dh;

ull umin (ull x, ull y) {
	return (x < y) ? x : y;
}

ull umax (ull x, ull y) {
	return (x > y) ? x : y;
}

sll smin (sll x, sll y) {
	return (x < y) ? x : y;
}

sll smax (sll x, sll y) {
	return (x > y) ? x : y;
}

ull gcd (ull x, ull y) {
	if (x < y) {
		return gcd(y, x);
	} else if (y == 0) {
		return x;
	} else {
		return gcd(y, x % y);
	}
}

ull bitpow (ull a, ull x, ull modulo) {
	ull result = 1;
	while (x) {
		if (x & 1) {
			result *= a;
			result %= modulo;
		}
		x /= 2;
		a = (a * a) % modulo;
	}
	return result;
}

ull divide (ull a, ull b, ull modulo) {
	return (a * bitpow(b, modulo - 2, modulo)) % modulo;
}

ull udiff (ull a, ull b) {
	if (a >= b) {
		return a - b;
	} else {
		return b - a;
	}
}

sll sdiff (sll a, sll b) {
	if (a >= b) {
		return a - b;
	} else {
		return b - a;
	}
}

int bitcount (ull n) {
	int result = 0;
	while (n) {
		if (n & 1) result++;
		n /= 2;
	}
	return result;
}

// double distance (sll x1, sll y1, sll x2, sll y2) {
// 	double xdist2, ydist2, origindist, dist;

// 	xdist2 = (x1 - x2) * (x1 - x2);
// 	ydist2 = (y1 - y2) * (y1 - y2);
// 	return sqrt(xdist2 + ydist2);
// }

int32_t pullcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	ull l = *(ull*)left;
	ull r = *(ull*)right;
	if (l < r) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l > r) {
		return +1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int32_t psllcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	sll l = *(sll*)left;
	sll r = *(sll*)right;
	if (l < r) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l > r) {
		return +1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int32_t pcharcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	char l = *(char*)left;
	char r = *(char*)right;
	if (l < r) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l > r) {
		return +1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int32_t pstrcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	char* l = *(char**)left;
	char* r = *(char**)right;

	return strcmp(l, r);
}

int32_t phwllABcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	hwll l = *(hwll*)left;
	hwll r = *(hwll*)right;
	if (l.a < r.a) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.a > r.a) {
		return +1;
	}
	if (l.b < r.b) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.b > r.b) {
		return +1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int32_t phwllREVcomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	hwll l = *(hwll*)left;
	hwll r = *(hwll*)right;
	if (l.b < r.b) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.b > r.b) {
		return +1;
	}
	if (l.a < r.a) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.a > r.a) {
		return +1;
	}
	return 0;
}

int32_t ptriplecomp (const void *left, const void *right) {
	hwllc l = *(hwllc*)left;
	hwllc r = *(hwllc*)right;

	if (l.a < r.a) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.a > r.a) {
		return +1;
	}
	if (l.b < r.b) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.b > r.b) {
		return +1;
	}
	if (l.c < r.c) {
		return -1;
	}
	if (l.c > r.c) {
		return +1;
	}
	return 0;
}

bool isinrange (sll left, sll x, sll right) {
	return (left <= x && x <= right);
}

bool isinrange_soft (sll left, sll x, sll right) {
	return (left <= x && x <= right) || (left >= x && x >= right);
}

#define SZ sizeof

ull a[N_MAX];
// sll a[3001][3001];
sll b[N_MAX];
// sll b[3001][3001];
sll c[N_MAX];
char s[N_MAX + 1];
// char s[3010][3010];
char t[N_MAX + 1];
// char t[3010][3010];
// hwll xy[N_MAX];

hwll sorted[N_MAX];
ull solen[N_MAX];

bool iswatched[N_MAX];

hwll dfs (ull v, ull dep) {
	iswatched[v] = true;

	hwll ret = {1, 0}; // maxdepth, result

	for (sll i = solen[v]; i < solen[v + 1]; i++) {
		ull u = sorted[i].b;
		if (iswatched[u]) continue;

		hwll hello = dfs(u, dep + 1);
		ret.a = umax(ret.a, hello.a + 1);
		ret.b += hello.b;
	}

	// printf("(%llu.%llu...)\n", ret.a, ret.b);

	if (dep + k - 1 > k && ret.a == k) {
		ret.a = 0;
		ret.b++;
	}

	// printf("%llu: %llu.%llu\n", v, ret.a, ret.b);

	return ret;
}

ull solve () {
	sll i, j, ki, li;
	ull result = 0;
	// sll result = 0;
	double dresult = 0;
	// ull maybe = 0;
	sll maybe = 0;
	// ull sum = 0;
	sll sum = 0;
	sll item;
	ull *dpcell;

	if (a[0] != 0) {
		result++;
		a[0] = 0;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
		sorted[i].a = a[i + 1];
		sorted[i].b = i + 1;
	}
	qsort(sorted, n - 1, sizeof(hwll), phwllABcomp);
	i = j = 0;
	while (i < n) {
		solen[i] = j;
		while (j < n - 1 && sorted[j].a == i) j++;
		i++;
	}
	solen[n] = n - 1;

	hwll ret = dfs(0, 0);
	result += ret.b;

	printf("%llu\n", result);
	// printf("%.15lf\n", dresult);
	// puts(s);

	return 0;

	success:
	// puts("YES");
	// puts("Yes");
	// printf("%llu\n", result);
	// puts("0");
	puts("Alice");
	return 0;

	fail:
	// puts("NO");
	// puts("No");
	// puts("0");
	// puts("-1");
	// puts("-1 -1 -1");
	puts("Bob");
	return 1;
}

int32_t main (void) {
	int32_t i, j;
	int32_t x, y;

	// scanf("%lf%lf", &vda, &vdb, &vdc);
	// scanf("%lld%lld", &vsa, &vsb, &vsc, &vsd);
	// scanf("%llu%llu%llu", &vua, &vub, &vuc, &vud);
	// scanf("%*llu%*llu");
	// scanf("%llu%llu", &h, &w);
	scanf("%llu", &n, &m);
	scanf("%llu", &k, &n, &m);
	// scanf("%s", s);
	// scanf("%s", t);
	// scanf("%llu", &q);
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		// scanf("%lld%lld", &xy[i].a, &xy[i].b);
		scanf("%lld", &a[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &b[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &c[i]);
		// scanf("%lld", &t[i]);
		a[i]--;
		// b[i]--;
		// c[i]--;
	}
	// scanf("%llu", &m, &k);
	// scanf("%llu", &q);

	// for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
	// 	for (j = 0; j < w; j++) {
	// 		scanf("%llu", &a[i][j]);
	// 	}
	// }
	// for (i = 0; i < h; i++) {
	// 	scanf("%s", &s[i]);
	// }

	solve();

	return 0;
}