Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include<stdio.h>
int count;

void merge(int A[], int left, int mid, int right, int n){
	
	int n1, n2, L[250001], R[250001], i, j, k;
	n1 = mid - left;
	n2 = right - mid;
	for(i = 0; i < n1; i++){
		L[i] = A[left + i];
	}
	for(i = 0; i < n2; i++){
		R[i] = A[mid + i];
	}
	L[n1] = 2000000000;
	R[n2] = 2000000000;
	i = 0;
	j = 0;
	for(k = left; k < right; k++){
		count++;
		if(L[i] <= R[j]){
			A[k] = L[i];
			i++;
		}
		else{
			A[k] = R[j];
			j++;
		}
	}
}



void mergeSort(int A[], int left, int right, int n){
	
	int mid;
	if(left + 1 < right){
		mid = (left + right) / 2;
		mergeSort(A, left, mid, n);
		mergeSort(A, mid, right, n);
		merge(A, left, mid, right, n);
	}
}



int main(void){
	
	int A[500000], n, i;
	count = 0;
	
	scanf("%d",&n);
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		scanf("%d",&A[i]);
	}
	mergeSort(A, 0, n, n);
	
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
		if(i != 0) printf(" ");
		printf("%d", A[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
	printf("%d\n",count);
	
	return 0;
}