Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#define N 200000
int cnt;

void merge(int*, int, int, int);
void merge_sort(int*, int, int);

int main(){

  int i, n, a[N];

  cnt = 0;

  scanf("%d",&n);

  for(i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);
  
  merge_sort(a, 0, i);

  printf("%d",a[0]);

  for(i=1;i<n;i++)printf(" %d",a[i]);

  printf("\n%d\n",cnt);

  return 0;
}
void merge(int *a, int left, int mid, int  right){
  int n1, n2, i,k,j;
  int L[N], R[N];

  n1 = mid - left;
  n2 = right - mid;

  for(i=0;i<n1;i++)L[i] = a[left + i];
  
  for(i=0;i<n2;i++)R[i] = a[mid + i];

  L[n1] = 10000000;
  R[n2] = 10000000;
  i = 0;
  j = 0;
  for(k=left;k<right;k++){
    if(L[i]<=R[j]){
      a[k] = L[i];
      i = i+1;
      cnt++;
    }
    else{
      a[k] = R[j];
      j = j+1;
      cnt++;
    }
  }
}
void merge_sort(int *a, int left, int right){
  int mid;

  if(left+1<right){
    mid = (left + right)/2;
    merge_sort(a, left, mid);
    merge_sort(a, mid, right);
    merge(a, left, mid, right);
  }
}