Problem:
Binary Search Tree II

Write a program which performs the following operations to a binary search tree $T$ by adding the find operation to A: Binary Search Tree I.

insert $k$: Insert a node containing $k$ as key into $T$.

find $k$: Report whether $T$ has a node containing $k$.

print: Print the keys of the binary search tree by inorder tree walk and preorder tree walk respectively.

Input

In the first line, the number of operations $m$ is given. In the following $m$ lines, operations represented by insert $k$, find $k$ or print are given.

Output

For each find $k$ operation, print "yes" if $T$ has a node containing $k$, "no" if not.

In addition, for each print operation, print a list of keys obtained by inorder tree walk and preorder tree walk in a line respectively. Put a space character before each key.

Constraints

The number of operations $\leq 500,000$

The number of print operations $\leq 10$.

$-2,000,000,000 \leq key \leq 2,000,000,000$

The height of the binary tree does not exceed 100 if you employ the above pseudo code.

The keys in the binary search tree are all different.

Sample Input 1

10
insert 30
insert 88
insert 12
insert 1
insert 20
find 12
insert 17
insert 25
find 16
print

Sample Output 1

yes
no
1 12 17 20 25 30 88
30 12 1 20 17 25 88

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct node{
  struct node *right;
  struct node *left;
  struct node *parent;
  int key;
};
typedef struct node * Node;
#define NIL NULL

Node root;

Node treeMinimum(Node x){
  while(x->left != NIL){
    x = x->left;
  }
  return x;
}

Node treeMaximum(Node x){
  while(x->right != NIL){
    x = x->right;
  }
  return x;

}

Node treeSearch(Node u, int k){
  if(u == NIL || k == u->key){
    return u;
  }
  if(k < u->key){
    return treeSearch(u->left, k);
  }
  else{
    return treeSearch(u->right, k);
  }

}

Node treeSuccessor(Node x){
  Node y;

  if(x->right != NIL){
    return (Node)treeMinimum(x->right);
  }

  y = x->parent;

  while(y != NIL && x == y->right){
    x = y;
    y = y->parent;
  }

  return y;

}

void treeDelete(Node z){
  Node y; // node to be deleted
  Node x; // child of y

  if(z->left == NIL || z->right == NIL){
    y = z;
  }
  else{
    y = (Node)treeSuccessor(z);
  }
  
  if(y->left != NIL){
    x = y->left;
  }
  else{
    x = y->right;
  }
  
  if(x != NIL){
    x->parent = y->parent;
  }
  
  if(y->parent == NIL){
    root = x;
  }
  else if(y == y->parent->left){
    y->parent->left;
  }
  else{
    y->parent->right = x;
  }
  
  if(y != z){
    z->key = y->key;
  } 
}

void insert(int k){
  Node y = NIL;
  Node x = root;
  Node z;

  z = malloc(sizeof(struct node));
  z->key = k;
  z->left = NIL;
  z->right = NIL;

  while(x != NIL){
    y = x;
    if(z->key < x->key){
      x = x->left;
    }
    else{
      x = x->right;
    }
  }
  z->parent = y;

  if(y == NIL){
    root = z;
  }
  else if(z->key < y->key){
    y->left = z;
  }
  else{
    y->right = z;
  }

}

void inorder(Node u){
  
  if(u->left != NIL){
    inorder(u->left);
  }
  printf(" %d", u->key);
  if(u->right != NIL){
    inorder(u->right);
  }
  
}
void preorder(Node u){
  
  printf(" %d", u->key);
  if(u->left != NIL){
    preorder(u->left);
  }
  if(u->right != NIL){
    preorder(u->right);
  }
}


int main(){
  int n, i, x;
  char com[20];
  scanf("%d", &n);

  for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ){
    scanf("%s", com);
    if ( com[0] == 'f' ){
      scanf("%d", &x);
      Node t = treeSearch(root, x);
      if ( t != NIL ) printf("yes\n");
      else printf("no\n");
    } else if ( com[0] == 'i' ){
      scanf("%d", &x);
      insert(x);
    } else if ( com[0] == 'p' ){
      inorder(root);
      printf("\n");
      preorder(root);
      printf("\n");
    } else if ( com[0] == 'd' ){
      scanf("%d", &x);
      treeDelete(treeSearch(root, x));
    }
  }

  return 0;
}