Problem:
Score : 500 points

Problem Statement

N players will participate in a tennis tournament. We will call them Player 1, Player 2, \ldots, Player N.

The tournament is round-robin format, and there will be N(N-1)/2 matches in total.
Is it possible to schedule these matches so that all of the following conditions are satisfied? If the answer is yes, also find the minimum number of days required.

Each player plays at most one matches in a day.

Each player i (1 \leq i \leq N) plays one match against Player A_{i, 1}, A_{i, 2}, \ldots, A_{i, N-1} in this order.

Constraints

3 \leq N \leq 1000

1 \leq A_{i, j} \leq N

A_{i, j} \neq i

A_{i, 1}, A_{i, 2}, \ldots, A_{i, N-1} are all different.

Input

Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:

N
A_{1, 1} A_{1, 2} \ldots A_{1, N-1}
A_{2, 1} A_{2, 2} \ldots A_{2, N-1}
:
A_{N, 1} A_{N, 2} \ldots A_{N, N-1}

Output

If it is possible to schedule all the matches so that all of the conditions are satisfied, print the minimum number of days required; if it is impossible, print -1.

Sample Input 1

3
2 3
1 3
1 2

Sample Output 1

3

All the conditions can be satisfied if the matches are scheduled for three days as follows:

Day 1: Player 1 vs Player 2

Day 2: Player 1 vs Player 3

Day 3: Player 2 vs Player 3

This is the minimum number of days required.

Sample Input 2

4
2 3 4
1 3 4
4 1 2
3 1 2

Sample Output 2

4

All the conditions can be satisfied if the matches are scheduled for four days as follows:

Day 1: Player 1 vs Player 2, Player 3 vs Player 4

Day 2: Player 1 vs Player 3

Day 3: Player 1 vs Player 4, Player 2 vs Player 3

Day 4: Player 2 vs Player 4

This is the minimum number of days required.

Sample Input 3

3
2 3
3 1
1 2

Sample Output 3

-1

Any scheduling of the matches violates some condition.

Solution in C (Clang 3.8.0) (judge verdict: Memory Limit Exceeded)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define WHITE 0
#define GRAY 1
#define BLACK 2

typedef struct _Vertex *Vertex;
struct _Vertex{
  int i;
  int j;
  Vertex *OUT;
  int in_deg;
  int out_deg;
  int col;
};


int DFS(Vertex v){
  int k;
  v->col = GRAY;
  for(k=0;k<v->out_deg;k++){
    Vertex u = v->OUT[k];
    int feasible;
    if(u->col == WHITE){
      feasible = DFS(u);
      if(feasible==0)
	return 0;
    }
    else if(u->col == GRAY)
      return 0;
  }
  v->col = BLACK;
  return 1;
}


int main(){
  Vertex **V;
  int N,N1;
  int **A,i,j;
  // read input
  scanf("%d",&N);
  N1 = N-1;
  A = (int**)malloc(N*sizeof(int*));
  for(i=0;i<N;i++){
    A[i] = (int*)malloc((N-1)*sizeof(int));
    for(j=0;j<N1;j++){
      scanf("%d",&A[i][j]);
      A[i][j]--;
    }
  }

  // construct directed graph
  V = (Vertex**)malloc(N*sizeof(Vertex*));
  for(i=0;i<N;i++){
    V[i] = (Vertex*)malloc(N*sizeof(Vertex));
    for(j=0;j<N;j++)
      if(i>=j)
	V[i][j] = NULL;
      else{
	V[i][j] = (Vertex)malloc(sizeof(struct _Vertex));
	V[i][j]->i = i;
	V[i][j]->j = j;
	V[i][j]->in_deg = 0;
	V[i][j]->out_deg = 0;
	V[i][j]->OUT = (Vertex*)malloc(N*sizeof(Vertex));
      }
  }

  for(i=0;i<N;i++)
    for(j=1;j<N1;j++){
      int p,q,x,y,a,b;
      p = A[i][j-1];
      q = A[i][j];
      x=i; y=q;
      if(x>y){
	x=q; y=i;
      }
      a=i; b=p;
      if(a>b){
	a=p; b=i;
      }
      V[x][y]->in_deg++;
      V[a][b]->OUT[V[a][b]->out_deg] = V[x][y];
      V[a][b]->out_deg++;
      V[a][b]->col = WHITE;
    }

 
  for(i=0;i<N;i++)
    free(A[i]);
  free(A);
    
  /*
  for(i=0;i<N;i++)
    for(j=i+1;j<N;j++){
      int k;
      printf("(%d,%d)--->",i,j);
      for(k=0;k<V[i][j]->out_deg;k++)
	printf("(%d,%d)",V[i][j]->OUT[k]->i,V[i][j]->OUT[k]->j);
      printf("\n");
    }
  */
   for(i=0;i<N;i++)
    for(j=i+1;j<N;j++)
      if(V[i][j]->col == WHITE)
	if(DFS(V[i][j])==0){
	  printf("-1\n");
	  return 0;
	}

#if 0
   Vertex *R;
   int days=0;
   R = (Vertex*)malloc(N*sizeof(Vertex));

   while(1){
     int k,d,r = 0;
     for(i=0;i<N;i++)
       for(j=i+1;j<N;j++){
	 if(V[i][j]->in_deg==0 && V[i][j]->out_deg!=-1){
	   R[r] = V[i][j];
	   r++;
	 }
       }
     if(r==0)
       break;
     for(k=0;k<r;k++){
       for(d=0;d<R[k]->out_deg;d++)
	 R[k]->OUT[d]->in_deg--;
       R[k]->out_deg = -1;
     }
     days++;
   }
#else

   Vertex *Q,*R,*X,*Y;
   int days=1,r=0;
   Q = (Vertex*)malloc(N*sizeof(Vertex));
   R = (Vertex*)malloc(N*sizeof(Vertex));

   for(i=0;i<N;i++)
     for(j=i+1;j<N;j++){
       if(V[i][j]->in_deg==0 && V[i][j]->out_deg!=-1){
	 Q[r] = V[i][j];
	 r++;
       }
     }

   while(1){
     int k,d,s=0;
     if(days%2==1){
       X = Q; Y = R;
     }
     else{
       X = R; Y = Q;
     }
     for(k=0;k<r;k++){
       for(d=0;d<X[k]->out_deg;d++){
	 X[k]->OUT[d]->in_deg--;
	 if(X[k]->OUT[d]->in_deg==0){
	   Y[s] = X[k]->OUT[d];
	   s++;
	 }
       }
     }
     r = s;
     if(r==0)
       break;
     days++;
   }
#endif
   
   printf("%d\n",days);
   return 0;
}