Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <stdio.h>
#define S 1000000000
int N[500000], L[250001], R[250001], count=0;
 
int main(){
  int i, n;
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
    scanf("%d",&N[i]);
 
  merge_sort(0,n);
 
  for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
    if(i > 0) printf(" ");
    printf("%d",N[i]);
  }
  printf("\n%d\n",count);
  return 0;
}

void merge(left, mid, right){
  int n1, n2, i, j, k;
  n1 = mid - left;
  n2 = right - mid;
  for(i = 0; i < n1; i++)
    L[i] = N[left + i];
  for(i = 0; i < n2; i++)
    R[i] = N[mid + i];
  L[n1] = S;
  R[n2] = S;
  i = 0;
  j = 0;
  for(k = left; k < right; k++){
    if(L[i] <= R[j]){
      N[k] = L[i];
      i = i + 1;
      count++;
    }
    else{
      N[k] = R[j];
      j = j + 1;
      count++;
    }  
  }
}
 
void merge_sort(left, right){
  int mid;
  if(left+1 < right){
    mid = (left + right)/2;
    merge_sort(left, mid);
    merge_sort(mid, right);
    merge(left, mid, right);
  }
}