Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

#include<stdio.h>
#define INFTY 10000000;

int cnt = 0;

void merge(int A[], int left, int mid, int right){
  int n1, n2, i, j, k;
  int L[250002], R[250002];

  n1 = mid-left;
  n2 = right-mid;

  for(i=0; i<n1; i++){
    L[i] = A[left + i];
  }

  for(i=0; i<n2; i++){
    R[i] = A[mid + i];
  }

  L[n1] = INFTY;
  R[n2] = INFTY;

  i=0;
  j=0;

  for(k=left; k<right; k++){
    cnt++;
    if(L[i] <= R[j]){
      A[k] = L[i];
      i = i+1;
    }else{
      A[k] = R[j];
      j = j+1;
    }
  }
}

void mergeSort(int A[], int left, int right){
  int mid;

  if(left+1 < right){
    mid = (left+right)/2;
    mergeSort(A,left,mid);
    mergeSort(A,mid,right);
    merge(A,left,mid,right);

  }
}

int main(){
  int i, n, left, right;
  int S[250002];

  scanf("%d", &n);

  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    scanf("%d", &S[i]);
  }

  left = 0;
  right = n;

  mergeSort(S,left,right);

  printf("%d", S[0]);

  for(i=1; i<n; i++){
    printf(" %d", S[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
  printf("%d", cnt);
  printf("\n");
}