Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

#include <stdio.h>

#define AMAX 100000

int temp[AMAX],cnt=0;

void mergeSort(int [AMAX],int,int);

int main(){
  int i,n;
  int A[AMAX];
  
  scanf("%d",&n);

  for(i=0; i<n; i++)
    scanf("%d",&A[i]);

  mergeSort(A,0,n-1);

  for(i=0; i<n; i++)
    i<n-1 ? printf("%d ",A[i]) : printf("%d\n",A[i]);

  printf("%d\n",cnt);

  return 0;
}

void mergeSort(int A[AMAX],int l,int r){
  int i,j,k,m;

  if(l >= r)
    return;

  m = (l + r)/2;

  mergeSort(A,l,m);
  mergeSort(A,m+1,r);

  for(i=l; i<=m; i++)
    temp[i] = A[i];

  for(i=m+1, j=r; i<=r; i++, j--)
    temp[i] = A[j];

  i = l;
  j = r;

  for(k=l; k<=r; k++){
    cnt++;
    if(temp[i] <= temp[j])
      A[k] = temp[i++];
    else A[k] = temp[j--];
  }
  
}