Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Runtime Error)

#include<stdio.h>
  
int L[250000], R[250000], count;
  
void merge(int S[], int n, int left, int mid, int right){
  int i, j, k;
  int n1 = mid - left;
  int n2 = right - mid;
  for(i = 0;i < n1;i++) L[i] = S[left+i];
  for(i = 0;i < n2;i++) R[i] = S[mid+i];
  L[n1] = 200000000;
  R[n2] = 200000000;
  i = 0; j = 0;
  for(k = left;k < right;k++){
    count++;
    if(L[i] <= R[j]){
      S[k] = L[i];
      i++;
    } else{
      S[k] = R[j];
      j++;
    }
  }
}
 
void mergeSort(int S[], int n, int left, int right){
  if(left+1 < right){
    int mid = (left + right) / 2;
    mergeSort(S, n, left, mid);
    mergeSort(S, n, mid, right);
    merge(S, n, left, mid, right);
  }
}
 
int main()
{
  int S[500000], n, i;
  count = 0;
   
  scanf("%d", &n);
  
  for(i = 0;i < n;i++) scanf("%d", &S[i]);
  
  mergeSort(S, n, 0, n);
 
  for(i = 0;i < n;i++){
    if(i) printf(" ");
    printf("%d", S[i]);
  }
 
  printf("\n");
 
  printf("%d\n", count);
   
  return 0;
}