Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include<stdio.h>
void Merge(int s[],int l,int r);
int temp[1000000];
int c=0;
int main(){
  int n,i,j,l,m,r,q;
  int a[1000000];
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(i=0;i<n;i++){
    scanf("%d",&a[i]);
  }
  Merge(a,0,n-1);
  for(i=0;i<n-1;i++){
    printf("%d ",a[i]);
  }
  printf("%d\n",a[n-1]);
  printf("%d\n",c);
  return 0;
}
void Merge(int x[],int left,int right){
  int mid,i,j,k;
  if(left>=right){
    return;
  }
  mid=(left+right)/2;
  Merge(x, left, mid);
  Merge(x, mid + 1, right);
  for (i = left; i <= mid; i++){
    temp[i] = x[i];
  }

  for (i = mid + 1, j = right; i <= right; i++, j--){
    temp[i] = x[j];
  }

  i = left;
  j = right;

  for (k = left; k <= right; k++){
    if (temp[i] <= temp[j]){
        x[k] = temp[i++];
        c++;
      }
    else{
        x[k] = temp[j--];
        c++;
      }
    }
}