Problem:
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Maximum Heap

A binary heap which satisfies max-heap property is called max-heap. In a max-heap, for every node $i$ other than the root, $A[i] \leq A[parent(i)]$, that is, the value of a node is at most the value of its parent. The largest element in a max-heap is stored at the root, and the subtree rooted at a node contains values no larger than that contained at the node itself.

Here is an example of a max-heap.

Write a program which reads an array and constructs a max-heap from the array based on the following pseudo code.

$maxHeapify(A, i)$ move the value of $A[i]$ down to leaves to make a sub-tree of node $i$ a max-heap. Here, $H$ is the size of the heap.

1 maxHeapify(A, i)
2 l = left(i)
3 r = right(i)
4 // select the node which has the maximum value
5 if l ≤ H and A[l] > A[i]
6 largest = l
7 else
8 largest = i
9 if r ≤ H and A[r] > A[largest]
10 largest = r
11
12 if largest ≠ i　// value of children is larger than that of i
13 swap A[i] and A[largest]
14 maxHeapify(A, largest) // call recursively

The following procedure buildMaxHeap(A) makes $A$ a max-heap by performing maxHeapify in a bottom-up manner.

1 buildMaxHeap(A)
2 for i = H/2 downto 1
3 maxHeapify(A, i)

Input

In the first line, an integer $H$ is given. In the second line, $H$ integers which represent elements in the binary heap are given in order of node id (from $1$ to $H$).

Output

Print values of nodes in the max-heap in order of their id (from $1$ to $H$). Print a single space character before each value.

Constraint

$1 \leq H \leq 500,000$

$-2,000,000,000 \leq$ value of a node $\leq 2,000,000,000$

Sample Input 1

10
4 1 3 2 16 9 10 14 8 7

Sample Output 1

16 14 10 8 7 9 3 2 4 1

Reference

Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The MIT Press.

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <stdio.h>
#define exchange(a,b) do{__typeof(a) __t; __t=a; a=b; b=__t;}while(0)
#define parent(i) (i/2)
#define left(i) (i*2)
#define right(i) (i*2+1)
#define MAX_N 500001

int N;
int heap[MAX_N];

void maxHeapify(int A[], int i) {
  int l = left(i);
  int r = right(i);
  int largest;
  if(l <= N && A[l] > A[i]) {
    largest = l;
  } else {
    largest = i;
  }
  if(r <= N && A[r] > A[largest]) {
    largest = r;
  }
  if(largest != i) {
    exchange(A[i], A[largest]);
    maxHeapify(A, largest);
  }
}

void buildMaxHeap(int A[]) {
  int i;
  for(i = N/2; i >= 1; --i) {
    maxHeapify(A, i);
  }
}

int main() {
  int i;
  scanf("%d", &N);
  for(i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    scanf("%d", heap + 1 + i);
  }
  buildMaxHeap(heap);
  for(i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    printf(" %d", heap[i+1]);
  }
  printf("\n");
  return 0;
}