Problem:
Merge Sort

Write a program of a Merge Sort algorithm implemented by the following pseudocode. You should also report the number of comparisons in the Merge function.

Merge(A, left, mid, right)
n1 = mid - left;
n2 = right - mid;
create array L[0...n1], R[0...n2]
for i = 0 to n1-1
do L[i] = A[left + i]
for i = 0 to n2-1
do R[i] = A[mid + i]
L[n1] = SENTINEL
R[n2] = SENTINEL
i = 0;
j = 0;
for k = left to right-1
if L[i] <= R[j]
then A[k] = L[i]
i = i + 1
else A[k] = R[j]
j = j + 1

Merge-Sort(A, left, right){
if left+1 < right
then mid = (left + right)/2;
call Merge-Sort(A, left, mid)
call Merge-Sort(A, mid, right)
call Merge(A, left, mid, right)

Input

In the first line n is given. In the second line, n integers are given.

Output

In the first line, print the sequence S. Two consequtive elements should be separated by a space character.

In the second line, print the number of comparisons.

Constraints

n ≤ 500000

0 ≤ an element in S ≤ 109

Sample Input 1

10
8 5 9 2 6 3 7 1 10 4

Sample Output 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
34

Notes

Solution in C (judge verdict: Accepted)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>

#define MAX 999999999
#define N 500000

void Merge(int *,int,int,int);
void Mergesort(int *,int,int);

int calc;
int main(){
  int n,a[N],i;
  calc=0;
  scanf("%d",&n);
  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    scanf("%d",&a[i]);
  }
  Mergesort(a,0,n);
  for(i=0; i<n-1; i++){
    printf("%d ",a[i]);
  }
  printf("%d\n",a[i]);
  printf("%d\n",calc);
  
  return 0;
}

void Merge(int *a,int left,int mid,int right){
  int n1,n2,L[N],R[N],i,j,k;
  n1=mid-left;
  n2=right-mid;
  for(i=0; i<n1; i++) L[i]=a[left+i];
  for(i=0; i<n2; i++) R[i]=a[ mid+i];
  L[n1]=MAX;
  R[n2]=MAX;
  i=j=0;
  for(k=left; k<right; k++){
    calc++;
    if(L[i]<=R[j]){
      a[k]=L[i];
      i++;
    }else{
      a[k]=R[j];
      j++;
    }
  }
}

void Mergesort(int *a,int left,int right){
  int mid;
  if(left+1<right){
    mid=(left+right)/2;
    Mergesort(a,left,mid  );
    Mergesort(a, mid,right);
    Merge(a,left,mid,right);
  }
}