Sunburn

Sunburn | NHS inform Home Illnesses and conditions Symptoms and self-help Tests and treatments Healthy living Care, support and rights Scotlands Service Directory 0 Home Illnesses and conditions Injuries Skin injuries Sunburn Sunburn Sunburn is skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) rays. It usually causes the skin to become red, sore, warm, tender and occasionally itchy for about a week. The skin will normally start to flake and peel after a few days and will usually fully heal within 7 days. While sunburn is often short-lived and mild, its important totryto avoid it, because it can increase your chances of developing serious health problems, such as skin cancer, in later life. Its easy to underestimate your exposure to the sun when outside, as the redness doesnt usually develop for several hours. Breezes and getting wet (such as going in and out of the sea) may cool your skin, so you dont realise youre getting burnt. You should always be aware of the risk of sunburn if youre outside in strong sun, and look out for your skin getting hot. What to do if youre sunburnt If you or your child has sunburn, you should get out of the sun as soon as possible  head indoors or into a shady area. You can usually treat mild sunburn at home, although there are some circumstances where you should seek medical advice. The following advice may help to relieve your symptoms until your skin heals. Do cool the skin by sponging it with cold water or by having a cold bath or shower  applying a cold compress such as a cold flannel to the affected area may also help drink plenty of fluids to cool you down and prevent dehydration take pain relief such as ibuprofen or paracetamol to relieve any pain  aspirin should not be given to children under 16 try to avoid all sunlight, including through windows, by covering up the affected areas of skin until your skin has fully healed Get treatment advice from your local pharmacy Your nearest pharmacist can advise you on the best treatment if you have sunburn. Find your nearest pharmacy When to seek medical advice Contact your GP practice if: You have sunburn and feel unwell or have any concerns about your sunburn, particularly if youre burnt over a large area or have any of the more severe symptomssuch as: blistering or swelling of the skin (oedema) chills a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above,or 37.5C (99.5F) or above in children under five dizziness, headaches and feeling sick (symptoms of heat exhaustion) You should also see your GP if a young child or baby has sunburn, as their skin is particularly fragile. If your GP practice is closed, phone 111. Your GP may recommend using hydrocortisone cream for a few days (this is also available over the counter at pharmacies) to reduce the inflammation of your skin. Severe sunburn may require special burn cream and burn dressings from your GP or a nurse at your GP practice. Very occasionally, hospital treatment may be needed. Whos at risk of sunburn? Everyone who is exposed to UV light is at risk of getting sunburn, although some people are more vulnerable than others. You should take extra care when out in the sun if you: have pale, white or light brown skin have freckles or red or fair hair tend to burn rather than tan have many moles have skin problems relating to a medical condition are only exposed to intense sun occasionally  for example, while on holiday are in a hot country where the sun is particularly intense have a family history of skin cancer People who spend a lot of time in the sun, whether its for work or play, are at increased risk of skin cancer if they dont take the right precautions. Snow, sand, concrete and water can reflect the suns rays onto your skin, and the sun is more intense at high altitudes. Dangers of UV rays The short-term risks of sun exposure are sunburn and sun allergy . The longer-term risks (over decades) include: actinic (solar) keratoses rough and scaly pre-cancerous spots on the skin skin cancer  including both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer eye problems  such as photokeratitis (snow blindness) andcataracts premature ageing of the skin and wrinkling Preventing sunburn Skin should be protected from strong sunlight by covering up with suitable clothing, seeking shade and applying sunscreen. In the UK, the risk of getting sunburnt is highest from March to October, particularly from 11am to 3pm, when the suns rays are strongest. There is also a risk of getting sunburn in other weather conditions. For example, light reflecting off snow can also cause sunburn. You can also burn in cloudy and cool conditions. Suitable clothing Suitable clothing includes: a wide-brimmed hat that shades the face, neck and ears a long-sleeved top trousers or long skirts in close-weave fabrics that do not allow sunlight through sunglasses with wraparound lenses or wide arms with the CE Mark and European Standard EN 1836:2005. Sunscreen When buying sunscreen, make sure its suitable for your skinand blocks both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. The sunscreen label should have: the letters UVA in a circle logo and at least 4-star UVA protection at least SPF30 sunscreen to protect against UVB Most people do not apply enough sunscreen. The amount of sunscreen needed for the body of an average adult to achieve the stated sun protection factor (SPF) is around 35ml or 6 to 8 teaspoons of lotion. If sunscreen is applied too thinly, it provides less protection. If youre worried you might not be applying enough SPF30, you could use a stronger SPF50 sunscreen. If you plan to be out in the sun long enough to risk burning, sunscreen needs to be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out just before you go out Sunscreen should be applied to all exposed skin, including the face, neck and ears (and head if you have thinning or no hair), but a wide-brimmed hat is better. How long it takes for your skin to go red or burn varies from person to person. The Cancer Research UK website has a handy tool where you can find out your skin type , to see when you might be at risk of burning. Water-resistant sunscreen is needed if sweating or contact with water is likely. Sunscreen needs to be reapplied liberally, frequently and according to the manufacturers instructions. This includes straight after youve been in water (even if it is water-resistant) and after towel drying, sweating or when it may have rubbed off. Advice for babies and children Children aged under 6 months should be kept out of direct strong sunlight. From March to October in the UK, children should: cover up with suitable clothing spend time in the shade (particularly from 11am to 3pm) wear at least SPF30 sunscreen To ensure they get enough vitamin D, children aged under 5 are advised to take vitamin D supplements even if they do get out in the sun. Source: NHS 24 - Opens in new browser window Last updated: 14 June 2023 How can we improve this page? Help us improve NHS inform Thank You Your feedback has been received Dont include personal information e.g. name, location or any personal health conditions. Email Address e.g. you@example.com Message Maximum of 500 characters Send feedback Add this page to\n            Info For Me NHS inform About NHS inform Editorial policy Contact us Webchat Give feedback about NHS inform Info for Me tool Terms and conditions Privacy and cookies policy Freedom of information (FOI) Accessibility Other languages and formats  2023 NHS 24  v1.1.1.17852